: The surge of venturing into independent business set-up has climbed a notch higher in the last decade. The numbers are telling—from 3,100 startups in 2014 to a projection of more than 11,500 by 2022, this is certainly not a passing trend. It's a revolution. And it's going to change the way the markets are working today in India. India, thereby inevitably proves to be a popular eco-system for any start-up to find its prominence. Although the success rate of startups has always dimmed low in India. Reasons' being plenty, the most commonly repeated mistake is the unapologetic nature of Indian young entrepreneurs trying to adopt or rather imitate the business culture or corporate culture prevalent in the western nations. Now the failure rate of the startups has much to do with the strategy and decisions incorporated by the founder or the CEOs of the company. There are many organizational theories as to what a start-up should refer before starting its operations . 80% of its compliance depends upon its founder , which can be supposedly established among its first 20 employees. But things start getting diverse when there are more than 50 employees in a start-up.


Using Scopus, we first pulled 96 academic articles from 2010-2015 that appeared as results from the search string "'food security' AND measurement." We also retrieved 21 articles cited in Jones et al.'s (2011) review of food security measures. In addition, we retrieved 15 articles from 2010-2016 obtained from grey literature sources (e.g., Google, World Bank eLibrary) using the search terms "food security" and "food insecurity."


The invention provides a merging unit integral detection and evaluation system, which comprises a three-phase alternative-current standard source, a benchmark merging unit, an electronic-type transformer simulator, a merging unit, an industrial Ethernet switch and an electronic-type transformer state analysis and evaluation platform; the three-phase alternative-current standard source is respectively communicated with the benchmark merging unit and the electronic-type transformer simulator; the electronic-type transformer simulator is connected with the industrial Ethernet switch through the merging unit; and the benchmark merging unit, the industrial Ethernet switch and the electronic-type transformer state analysis and evaluation platform are sequentially connected with one another. The merging unit integral detection and evaluation system is important for researching a method for detecting and evaluating the merging unit, providing quality analog quantity acquisition to an intelligent transformer substation and the stable running of an electric network.


1872, and afterwards copied into Nature, Sept. 19,1872, the following passage occurs:—"But a well-boring at Winwick, after penetrating 150 feet of Eed Sandstone, the upper part of which is placed with the pebble beds in the Geological Survey sheet, was sunk 210 feet through strata consisting of hard rock, stiff red marl, red and white sandstone, with a zone of limestone bands at the base, the boring terminating at 360 feet from the surface, in hard rock." In this letter the possibility of finding workable coal under the Trias is fully discussed. I further observed that I " was inclined to think " that these beds " belong to the Permian rather than to the Upper Coal-measures." The borings through the Trias at St. Helen's have been made since this letter was written.


This article presents a new method to discriminate and to quantify the contribution of dia- and paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic components to the measured bulk magnetic low-field susceptibility in order to better understand and to interpret environmental changes. This new method is based on data obtained with a rotation coercivity spectrometer. Lacustrine sediments from the Aral Sea were taken to demonstrate the potential of this new method. It is shown that the terrigenous input is strongly related to changes in the paramagnetic susceptibility.


The successful development of coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology requires gas turbines capable of achieving the dry low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas for low emissions and high plant efficiency. Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) has been developing a "multiple-injection combustor" to achieve the dry low-NOx combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas. This study suggests an advanced fuel staging comprising a hybrid partial combustion mode to improve the combustor's part load performance. The purposes of this paper are to present the test results of the combustor with the advanced staging on a syngas fuel in an IGCC pilot plant, and to evaluate its performance. The syngas fuel produced in the plant contained approximately 50% carbon monoxide, 20% hydrogen, and 20% nitrogen by volume. In the test, the advanced staging reduced the maximum NOx at part load to 44 ppm (at 15% oxygen) compared with the initial staging with a maximum NOx of 75 ppm, and attained higher combustion efficiency above 98.7% over the part load range than the initial staging with combustion efficiency above 97.1%. In conclusion, the advanced staging improved the part load performance by achieving lower NOx emissions and higher combustion efficiency.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


In thirty-six cases with lumlar diseases, CT studies of the shape of the lateral recess (L5) were performed. A series of CT scans at L5 lateral recess showed the narrowest level of it and the L5 neve root condition in it. Three types of the shape were classified, which were triangular type, trefoil type and flat trefoil type. Especially the flat trefoil type was associated with LCS. We concluded that the narrowest level of the lateral recess of LCS was the entrance of the nerve root, which was trapped there by the configuration of the recess with the degenerative soft tissue, on the other hand, the lateral recess of OA was not narrowest at the entrance level, but narrowest at the pedicle level. The difference in the shape contributed to the pathogenesis of symptoms of the LCS.


An approximate theory, based on a simplified treatment of the rotational motion, is given for the scattering law for harmonically vibrating homonuclear diatomic molecules. This theory seems to be adequate for all the practical range of momentum transfer and for all homonuclear diatomic molecular gases, with the exception of H2 and possibly D2. Particular attention is paid to a physical explanation of the scattering and to discussing the interference contribution which has not previously been properly analysed. Some particular examples of the scattering law are discussed in detail. It is suggested that in some circumstances the slow-neutron scattering method may be better than the electron diffraction method for measuring molecular structure in the gas.


Obesity, the leading metabolic disease, is a prevalent health problem in industrialized countries and is closely associatedwith coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and even cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of dip-saucefor meat containing Garcinia cambogia extract (GC) on the lipid accumulation and body weight reduction in rats fed high-fat diet for three months. Eighteen Sprague Dawley male rats of five-week-old were randomly assigned to one of threegroups; normal chew diet (NCD) group, high-fat diet plus GC-noncontaining dip-sauce (HFD) group, and HFD plus GC-containing dip-sauce (HFD+GC) group. Co-administration of GC-containing dip-sauce (5 g/kg body weight/day) with HFDsignificantly attenuated cumulative body weight gain, compared with NCD or HFD groups. Both epididymal and perirenalfat pad weights in the HFD plus GC group were significantly lower than those of HFD or NCD groups. Administration ofGC-containing dip-sauce also resulted in significant reduction in the serum levels of total cholesterol, total lipid, and trig-lyceride, compared with NCD or HFD groups. Thus, GC-containing dip-sauce confers beneficial effects to pathologicalstates associated with metabolic disorder via its anti-obesity and lipid lowering properties.Key words: anti-obesity, Garcinia cambogia, lipid accumulation, high-fat diet


Currently information systems are developing very quickly and rapidly, including in the health sector. One of the uses of information systems in the health sector is the Integrated Service Post (Posyandu). In general, Posyandu is a form of Community-Based Health Efforts (UKBM) which is managed from, by, for and with the community. Based on this, the researchers proposed a Mother and Child Data Processing system at Posyandu. The presence of Posyandu can indirectly provide convenience to the community, but raises new problems, namely the large amount of data on mothers and children participating in the Posyandu program, causing reports and archives of Posyandu activities to accumulate at the coordinator. In addition, problems in finding data are due to the large amount of data which causes a lack of control over children. Therefore, this research produces a web-based data processing system that can process data storage more securely, assist in data retrieval and minimize errors when inputting patient data at Posyandu. With the presence of this data processing system, it can help Posyandu cadres work more quickly and precisely in helping the community in terms of health, especially pregnant women and toddlers (children).


MESOT members are a dynamic force in drafting, finalizing, propagating, gain, and enforcing the ethical charter in Transplantation (the Istanbul Declaration). In accordance with the Declaration's guiding principles: "Oversight requires a national or regional registry to record deceased and living donor transplants"; the MESOT is set to establish a regional transplant registry whose purpose is (1) to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each center. "Countries with well-established deceased-donor transplant programs are encouraged to share information, expertise, and technology with countries seeking to improve their organ donation efforts; (2) to address these needs; and (3) to establish programs that empower the transplant programs in all regional countries by joining a comprehensive and accepted data registry system. This system is necessary for the MESOT country, and is not inconsistent with national self-sufficiency so long as the collaboration (i) protects the vulnerable population, (ii) promotes equality between donor and recipient populations, and (iii) does not violate the principles set forth by the Istanbul Declaration. Finally, it should (4) establish a unified criterion for organ donation and organ sharing. Establishing the registry requires that each country should have its own National Registry and voluntarily contributes to the regional registry, the MESOT. The reporting may be performed directly by the center or via the National Registry. To do this, a unified reporting system is needed for both the donor and the recipient. The reporting system should be based on a computer system that acts as a virtual office. The MESOT has established a committee to start such a Registry. The duties of the committee are based on a design to collect the data, to oversee of data implementation and collection, and finally, to analyze and report data (preferably at each MESOT Congress) in a regular manner. This paper describes the current and historical solid-organ transplant programs in each of the MESOT countries. The data were collected voluntarily and verified by the countries.


There is a certain relation between safety cost and the main safety indexes. Based on the analysis of all the safety data of a district, the regression analysis of the relation between the average safety cost (as well as the average labor protection cost, yuan per person) and the accident rate (as well as the injury rate, per million work hours) was made by the least square method. The significance test was also carried out. The result indicates that there are negative exponential function between the safety cost and the main safety indexes. The performance characteristics of the safety cost with the actual data were analyzed. The concept of the lag characteristic and the threshold value for the safety cost were discussed.


The piston is a key part of engine,working in high temperature,high pressure and high load of harsh environment;Besides, periodic mechanical load and heat load work on it.Firstly,use the software UG to set up a geometry model of the piston;then use the ANSYS to set up finite element modle.We can learn about the total deformation with thermal load so as to find out the dangerouse and thermal stress points and provide theory for improving and optimizing structure of piston after mechanical load is added to the piston and coupling analysis is carried out.


In this paper we describe an idea of selecting best paths from multi path [1] routing from source to destination node in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks ( MANETs ) using fuzzy cost. This is based on multi criterion objective fuzzy measure. We have made changes to Improved Rank-based Multipath Routing (ImRMR) in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks . In ImRMR, Generally paths are categorized using rank fitness. But in our proposed method paths will be categorized using a new idea of fuzzy cost fitness, which tends to minimize the disadvantages of both unipath and multipath routing methods. In our method, we transform the attributes values (resources available) of the path (i.e. fuzzy measures or resources available) converted in to fuzzy costs. The path with the cost more than the defined threshold value will be considered to be the effective one and will be used for sending data from source to destination.


In this work, we introduce the class of meromorphic starlike functions associated with the Salagean
differential operator. Some sufficient conditions for functions belonging to this class are derived.
The results presented here improve some known results.


A standalone, printed monopole antenna with a two- branch shorting strip and a grounding wire to achieve a small size and yet multi-band operation for penta-band wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation (824{960/1710{2170MHz) is presented. The antenna was formed on a low-cost, single-layered dielectric substrate with the dimensions 10mm £ 50mm. By applying the proposed grounding wire and the dual-shorting strip, two resonant modes in close proximity in the antenna's lower band were obtained to cover the GSM850/900 operation. Further, the proposed shorting strip led to two additional, higher-order resonance excitation at about 1700 and 1800MHz to assist in the formation of a wide upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. The proposed antenna also showed good radiation properties. Details of the design are described and discussed in the article.


The Universe type system allows to restrict the possible aliasing in object-oriented programs and thereby enables static reasoning about individual components. Compared to other ownership type systems, the Universe type system is lightweight, but annotating existing software is still a considerable effort. To ease the effort of annotation, static inference of Universe modifiers from Java source code is an interesting problem. In this work, we investigated the use of pseudo-boolean optimizers to find Universe annotations. To show the benefit of the new backend we implemented a new static Universe type inferer. The results reveal that also heavy annotated programs can be typed correctly. This report presents the architecture, implementation, and results of the new tool.


In this paper, the Automated Extraction of Drainage through the SRTM data to delineate the basin morphometry using Arc GIS technique is attempted. This automated extraction tool will create the possible drainage pattern in the study area. After extracting the drainage, this was used to analyze the morphometric parameters such as, stream network (Strahler's), and basin boundary. This technique is very useful for those who work in the field of terrain analysis, hydrology, and watershed analysis as it is easy to use with a single click for the generation of a reliable database for morphometric analysis.


Despite significant effort from the research community, there are still some missing pieces currently preventing the application of machine learning to QoT estimation in WDM networks. This paper highlights these pieces.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate, longitudinally, the duration of utterance in a conversational turn, duration of turn-switching pause, and frequency of disfluency which young children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) showed during interactions with their mothers.Methods: Subjects for this study consisted of 2-5 year old CWS (male 2 and female 4), an age-matched group of CWNS (male 3 and female 3), and their mothers. Frequencies of normal disfluency (ND) and abnormal disfluency (AD), and duration of utterance in a conversational turn and duration of turn-switching pause were measured two times (initial visit and 12 months later) over the course of one year.Results: At initial visit, a significant group difference was found in frequency of AD. However, no significant difference was observed in duration of utterance in a conversational turn and duration of turn-switching pause both between two parent groups and between two child groups at initial visit and 12 months later. In the CWS group, at initial visit, a positive correlation was found between frequency of AD and mother's duration of utterance in a conversational turn. Frequency of AD was negatively correlated with both duration of turn-switching pause of mothers and that of children. After 12 months, there was a negative correlation between frequency of AD and mother's duration of utterance in a conversational turn.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the longitudinal study of individual characteristics of CWS · mothers interactions can help speech-language pathologists to identify the interactional factors related to the recovery or persistence of stuttering and to enhance the efficacy of parent · child interaction therapy for CWS.


94 News and Resources The Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies In September 2009 a new international learned society was established by the think tank Longview the Society for Longitudinal and Lifecourse Studies, to which Longview has handed over responsibility for this journal. The Society is multi-disciplinary in nature, bringing together members across the health, behavioural and social sciences who have a shared interest in longitudinal and life course research. In September 2010 the Society held an extremely successful inaugural conference at Clare College, Cambridge. The conference provided the attendees with an opportunity to meet and to pool and exchange ideas. The Society is now planning its second annual conference, which will be hosted by the University of Bielefeld, Germany on 26-28 September 2011. The Society currently has nearly 200 members worldwide, and is actively seeking to enlist more. Membership of the Society offers opportunities to:


This chapter deals with two atypical warlords, Ahmad Shah Massoud and his successor, Mohammad Qasim Fahim. The former was a "mix" between a patrimonial leader and an ideological one, a "militant" whose objective was to capture the central state, a particularity that is reflected in the way he accumulated and converted his power. Fahim is also atypical. While Ismail Khan, Dostum, and Massoud at times managed to accumulate all sources of power and exert a fonction totale in the territories they controlled, he rose to power only after Massoud's death and the beginning of the U.S.-led intervention. His ensuing lack of legitimacy deeply affected the way he exerted and converted power, putting a greater emphasis on the accumulation of economic resources.


Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is becoming an important monitoring technique for various geotechnical problems. Better data interpretation and new developments rely on the ability to accurately model the TDR waveform, especially when long cables are used. This study developed an efficient, complete, and general-purpose TDR model that accounts for all wave phenomena including multiple reflection, dielectric dispersion, and cable resistance all together. Inverse analysis based on the TDR wave propagation model is proposed to calibrate the TDR system parameters and determine the TDR parameter that changes with the physical parameter to be monitored. Calibration of TDR cable and data interpretations for various geotechnical applications were demonstrated with laboratory experiments. The excellent match between the simulated and measured waveforms validates the TDR wave propagation model. The results show that the proposed numerical procedure is a relatively simple, efficient and high-resolution tool for probe design, parametric studies, data interpretation, and inverse analyses. This study should provide a sound theoretical foundation for further TDR developments in geotechnical monitoring.


We studied atomic spin resonance induced by atomic motion in a spatially periodic magnetostatic field. A rubidium atomic beam, with a velocity of about 400 m s−1, was obliquely incident to a transmission magnetic grating that produced a spatially periodic magnetic field. The magnetic grating was formed by a magnetic thin film on a polyimide substrate that had multiple slits at 150 μm intervals. The atoms experienced field oscillation, depending on their velocity and the field period when passing through the grating, and underwent magnetic resonance. Resonance spectra obtained with a perpendicular magnetization film were in clear contrast to ones obtained with an in-plane magnetization film. The former exhibited resonance peaks at odd multiples of the frequency, determined by the velocity over the period, while the latter had dips at the same frequencies.


To provide care to the New Zealand (NZ) population of just over 4.5 million there are 50,060 nurses practising in NZ. This nursing workforce, as the single largest health professional group, is recognized as having enormous potential to advance health and disability outcomes. The improvements in internet access and speeds in NZ, the advances in web environments and the use of powerful integration engines, are now providing a background where contextual views of patient-centric data via portals is possible. With the move to Personal Health Records (PHR) and patients, as well as nurses and other health professionals, having access to patient health records, it becomes more imperative than ever for nurses to engage in informatics and to utilise the many existing resources available. This poster provides an overview of the international and national organisations and groups that nurses can connect with who are directly involved in e-health. Key organisations include the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), and IMIA – Nursing Informatics (IMIA-NI). Internationally, nursing informatics under IMIA has a history spanning over 30 years. The New Zealand representative position on IMIA-NI is currently held by Lucy Westbrooke. IMIA-NI has working groups aligned to IMIA working groups. The current working groups are Education, Standards and Consumer/Client Health Informatics as well as a strong Student group. NZ nurses are represented in most of the groups, with Michelle Honey being co-chair of the IMIA-NI Education Working Group. In this poster a number of different organisations are identified, along with distinguishing where New Zealand or nursing connections already exist. Additionally, web references for these organisations are provided which form useful starting places to access nursing informatics related resources.


Analytical methods based on gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk. GC-MS/MS was performed in negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode by monitoring the transitions – m/z 466→304, 466→322, and the results were compared with LC–MS/MS, in electrospray mode by monitoring the transitions of all the selected ions m/z 321→152, 321→257. The decision limit (CCα) for CAP determination by LC–MS/MS was established at a level of 0.11 µg/kg, while the corresponding value for GC–MS/MS was 0.083 µg/kg. Detection capability (CCβ) for CAP by LC– MS/MS was 0.15µg/kg and for GC–MS/MS was 0.14 µg/kg. As it was found, both methods are useful for CAP determination in milk.


Associations between the nestling and facultatively boring pectinid Pedum spondyloideum and scleractinian host corals are reported for the 1st time from the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean. Pedum individuals used 14 hosts, including the previously unrecorded species of Cyphastrea serailia, Favites abdita, Galaxea astreata, Montipora caliculata, and Pachyseris rugosa. In addition, this is the 1st time that associations between Pedum and the calcareous hydrozoans, Millepora dichotoma and Mil. exaesa, were observed.


PREFATORY REMARKS In two former papers I have dwelt at length on the mechanical considerations of injury to the spinal cord in cases of fracture dislocation of the spinal column. 1, 2 In this communication, therefore, I shall limit myself to the discussion of the experimental work in which I have been engaged for the past year in the laboratories of the University of Pennsylvania. I would accentuate the fact that this is a preliminary report and that I am fully aware of the amount of control experimentation necessary before an ex cathedra statement can be made as to applicability of this work in the human subject. MEASUREMENT OF IMPACT ON SPINAL CORD IN SPINAL FRACTURE DISLOCATION In order to arrive at an adequate concept as to the amount of impact a spinal cord could receive and yet recover its function, I designed an instrument whereby a given weight could


Fever of Unknown origin (FUO) poses a diagnostic dilemma for most physicians especially when a thorough diagnostic workup is inconclusive. It was defined by Beeson and Petersdorf in1961 as a fever that is greater than 38.3 degrees Celsius (°C), persisting for a period longer than three weeks with a failure to reach a diagnosis despite one week of inpatient investigations [1]. The most common etiologies of FUO are infections (2154%), noninfectious inflammatory causes (13-24%), neoplasms (6-31%) and other causes (4-6.5%) [2]. Both non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tools are thought to have pertinent diagnostic value for determining the origin of the fever, but none of these diagnostic tests have sufficient sensitivity or specificity when they are performed in patients with no typical findings or symptoms [3].


This paper is constituted by several complimentary dimensions, as follows: The first dimension is a short review of the current applications of electronic social networks and an initial categorization of the international development trends, in tertiary education and research. The second dimension categorizes and evaluates the main tools and systems used for the construction and development of electronic social networks, and it evaluates and proposes the most important current selections, using a series of standard criteria found in the literature.


Polymer extrusion is a widely used industrial process that exists in almost all petrochemical industries as well as various other industrial applications. In order to achieve a high quality of end-product, it is crucial to precisely control the process conditions of the polymer throughout the extrusion process. In this paper, a brief description of the extrusion process and its main control loop are described. System identification of the gear melt pump is also illustrated which is considered as the most important equipment to be controlled within the extruder unit. In order to overcome the parameters and operating condition variations of the process a robust and adapted controller is required. Since the operators of the polymer extrusion process is familiar with classical PID controller. Therefore, the application of a Supervisory Model Predictive Controller (SMPC) is suggested and implemented to overcome the limitation of PID controller alone. SMPC is implemented under two cases; first when the traditional PID controller optimum gains are used to control the inner loop of the melt pump, and second when random PID controller gains are representing the change of process conditions. Finally, the results of both cases were illustrated, compared and discussed proving that the implementation of an SMPC indeed enhances the reliability of the process control algorithm.


Bacillus thruingiensis (Bt) strains are common bacteria in insect control field. Cadherin like protein receptor is consider as a key factor for binding Cry1A toxin to the Burch Border Membrane Vesicles (BBMV) in insect midgut. Our previous investigations have shown the importance of cadherin like protein as a synergistic factor to increase the toxicity of different types of specific Bt toxin against Lepidopterous insects. Small fragment of cadherin receptor (CadF3) of BtCry1Ac toxin of Helicoverpa armigera (Húbner) pest was isolated, cloned and expressed. The recombinant bacterial strain of BtCry1Ac toxin is inactive to cotton leafworm; Spodoptera littoralis (Biosduval). In the current study, the ability of CadF3 fragment to enhance the toxicity of BtCry1Ac toxin against cotton leafworm; S. littoralis was examined. The results revealed that CadF3 has a potential effect to BtCry1Ac to become active toxin on cotton leafworm. Thus, this data showed the capability of CadF3 fragment to play very essential role to activate BtCry1Ac in cotton leafworm midgut.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nitrogen sludge load and dissolved oxygen(DO) on nitrite nitrification system.The following conclusions have been drawn based on the experimental data and analysis results: 1) The ammonium degradation rate and the nitrous accumulation rate of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system decline with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load.When HRT is less than two days,the ammonium degradation rate rapidly declines to 25%~29% with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load.When HRT is beyond two days,the ammonium rate of the system slowly falls to 50%~60% with the NH+4-N sludge load increased.When HRT is 2.5 days or 3 days,the declined trend of the system nitrous accumulation rate is not obvious with the NH+4-N sludge load increased.When HRT is 5 days,the decrease of nitrous accumulation rate is caused by the adaptation of sludge.So the NH+4-N sludge load of high concentration nitrous accumulation system should not be too high;2)With the increase of DO,the ammonium degradation of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system is gradually increased.When the DO is less than 0.7 mg/L,it is not conductive to the ammonium degradation.When the DO is higher than 2 mg/L,the oxide of NH+4-N is changed into the increased of NO3-N and the nitrous accumulation rate declined.If the concentration of DO is controlled within 0.7to 1.3 mg/L,the high concentration nitrous nitrifying system can have a good NH+4-N degradation rate and nitrous accumulation rate.


Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) rates were measured by electronically recording heart rate (HR) and physical activity (PA). Mean daily VO2 and VCO2 measurements by HR and PA were validated in adults (n = 10 women and 10 men) with room calorimeters. Thirteen linear and nonlinear functions of HR alone and HR combined with PA were tested as models of 24-h VO2 and VCO2. Mean sleep VO2 and VCO2 were similar to basal metabolic rates and were accurately estimated from HR alone [respective mean errors were -0.2 +/- 0.8 (SD) and -0.4 +/- 0.6%]. The range of prediction errors for 24-h VO2 and VCO2 was smallest for a model that used PA to assign HR for each minute to separate active and inactive curves (VO2, -3.3 +/- 3.5%; VCO2, -4.6 +/- 3%). There were no significant correlations between VO2 or VCO2 errors and subject age, weight, fat mass, ration of daily to basal energy expenditure rate, or fitness. VO2, VCO2, and energy expenditure recorded for 3 free-living days were 5.6 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1.kg-1, 4.7 +/- 0.8 ml. min-1.kg-1, and 7.8 +/- 1.6 kJ/min, respectively. Combined HR and PA measured 24-h VO2 and VCO2 with a precision similar to alternative methods.


A dense population of Terebralia palustris occurs in many coral islands in the Jakarta Bay area, living usually in association with mangrove communities. A preliminary study on this gastropod has been carried out in two islands, Pulau Rambut and Pulau Burung, which concerned with population density and structure, length-weight relationship, rate of growth, and the effect of prolonged desiccation and starvation. Analyses were made on the properties of the substrate including soil component, organic matter content, pH, salinity, and daily temperature fluctuation at the soil's surface. No less than 130 specimens per square meter were counted in the most densely populated place in Pulau Rambut. The length frequency distribution showed a bimodal histogram, and the length-weight relationship was represented by the following equation: W = 0.00024 L' where : W = dry weight in gram; L = length in milimeter. A number of young individuals were confined in a fenced area for growth study. During the first four-month they gained an average additional length of 10 mm. Out of water and starved this gastropod may survive for three months.


It is a necessity to take the particularity of vocational college English teaching into consideration and to take developing students' ability of autonomous learning as a basic aim in vocational college English teaching reform,and the new teaching mode of network-based autonomous learning is a feasible one in question.However,this new mode should be guided and monitored by introducing formative assessment,and on the other side,this new mode also provides a strong supportive platform for a thorough and effective implementation of formative assessment in vocational college English teaching.


This paper deals with raw material problems in the territory of West Central Serbia geologically determined as the Cacak-Kraljevo (or West Morava) basin. Our research is presented through the most striking case studies, Lojanik, Vlaska Glava and Lazac.   The Lojanik hill is a silicified forest by origin. It has occasionally been in use from the earliest periods of prehistory until today as a source of black and ochre-coloured flint, opal and silicified wood. A detailed prospection, including the mapping of surface finds using square nets, was conducted during two research campaigns. The Vlaska Glava is an open-air Palaeolithic site at which artefacts made of white, ochre, red, brown and black chert, silicified magnesite, volcanic and metamorphic rocks were found. Our research of primary and secondary geological deposits in the vicinity of the site showed equivalent raw material. We also found an interesting primary deposit of high quality bluish grey flint with outcrop activities (Workshop 1). The Lazac shaft is a contemporary magnesite mine, recently abandoned because of the high percentage of silicon-dioxide. We determined the same raw material in collections found at nearby Neolithic sites. Certain similarities between the wooden support systems of ore exploration in the Middle Ages and modern times were established at the entrance of the shaft. Our research in the territory of the West Morava basin resulted in reconstruction of some links between geological deposits and settlements and also creation of a relevant base for future raw material studies.


Several adaptations to the properties of SiGe alloys, Si/SiGe heterojunctions and the implementation of all key processes and whole fabrication sequences to a 2D process simulator yield the estimation of the performance potential of novel high-speed device concepts by 2D physically based device simulation. For lateral L/sub G/=0.15 /spl mu/m SiGe MODFETs high drain currents around 450 mA/mm and transconductances up to 290 mS/mm have been calculated. Improved RF cut-off frequencies of f/sub max/=120 GHz and f/sub t/=55 GHz have been estimated for a given device structure in good agreement with experimental reference data. Reduced gate leakage currents and channel lengths below 100 nm are expected by the integration of vertical MOSFET devices. The incorporation of SiGe layers and hetero barriers minimizes the DIBL effect and thus reduces short-channel effects and off-state currents in vertical SiGe Hetero-MOSFETs.


In current LTE protocol, the cell selection mechanism based on only the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) would easily bring high call dropping rate due to ignoring the cell load status. In our paper, for the RRC connected users and the idle users, a novel cell selection strategy is proposed through taking the cell load condition as one selection criterion and applying polling strategy until a proper cell is selected. Moreover, load balance method is designed to offload the excess traffic to those low-loaded cells, making the system resources to be utilized more abundantly. Qualitatively, our analysis based on an n-demensional Markov Chain modeling shows that the load balance process can reduce the call outage probability, which is verified by the simulation results. Our strategy can bring less new call blocks, less handoff call drops and more balanced resource utilization of different cells.


The rate of acetaldehyde metabolism was measured in aortic rings from rat strains genetically bred for high (UChB) and low (UChA) voluntary ethanol consumption. The results show that in aortic rings from naive UChB rats, acetaldehyde oxidation rates were significantly greater than the rates observed in aortic rings from naive UChA rats. These strain differences are explained by different activity of vascular low‐Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Chronic feeding of ethanol to UChA rats did not alter their aortic ALDH activity. The results of the present study provides additional evidence that the activity variation for the low‐Km ALDH between both rat strains exists in various organs and tissues.


The East and West dichotomy in "Karain" is in keeping with the romantic topos and underlined by the motif of the four elements. The vision of the sea, the sky and the island builds up an orientalist painting full of colours and light, and turns the Malay Archipelago into a mythic space to be opposed to the dreary and foggy representation of the West, an enclosed, corrupt and oppressive space paradoxically paralysed by economic and technological progress at the end of the Victorian era. However Conrad subverts the opposition by casting light on the illusion and artificiality of the representation and deconstructing the orientalist myth. The four elements first highlight the motif of human illusions and contribute to the symbolic function of the East ; they also serve a literary topos by enhancing the tragic muthos which is then immediately deconstucted ; the orientalist mode of representation is also called into question by impressionism, conveyed by fragmentation and the relativity of the point of view. The aestheticization of space in the orientalist painting clearly shows the decoy of representation and lets the reader have a glimpse of the reality of colonialism through the cracks of the painting. The four elements are subservient to Conrad's imaginary vision, whose purpose was to make his reader hear, feel, and see the truth "below the surface of the visible universe" (The Nigger of the Narcissus), "disclosed in a moment of illusion" (Lord Jim) as in a trompe-l'œil. The truth is also that of a metaphysical void corresponding to the epistemological break at the turn of the century and the loss of faith and ideals.


Guided ion‐beam techniques are used to measure the cross sections for reaction of CF4 with Ar+, Ne+, and He+ from thermal to 50 eV. Dissociative charge transfer followed by successive loss of F atoms are the major processes observed. Only CF+x (x=1–3) products are observed in the reactions of Ar+ and Ne+. With He+, in addition to the CF+x products, both C+ and F+ are seen at high kinetic energies. Reaction rates for these reactions are also given and compared with previous measurements. It is found that the energy dependence of the cross sections can be understood by considering the energies needed to access specific electronic states of the CF+4 ion.


Multicasting can be done in two different ways: source based tree approach and shared tree approach. Shared tree approach is preferred over source-based tree approach because in the later construction of minimum cost tree per source is needed unlike a single shared tree in the former approach. However, in shared tree approach a single core needs to handle the entire traffic load resulting in degraded multicast performance. Besides, it also suffers from 'single point failure'. In this paper, novel and efficient schemes for load shared multicore multicasting are presented. Multiple cores are selected statically, that is, independent of any existing multicast groups and also the selection process is independent of any underlying unicast protocol. Some of the selected cores can be used for fault-tolerant purpose also to guard against any possible core failures.


This report presents and details the test results of the first of a kind process referred to as Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD). The test results are compiled from several months of testing of the first process equipment skid and ancillary components to de-water and dry Multi-Canister Overpacks (MCO) filled with Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF). The tests results provide design verifications, equipment validations, model validation data, and establish process parameters.


The adoption of mobile wallets can help to advance financial inclusion and human development in emerging countries. Current literature on mobile wallet (m-wallet) adoption focuses on technological and behavioral aspects, but neglects the financial aspect, which highly influences the decision-making of low-income people. This study identified the impacts of all three aspects on m-wallet adoption behavior by including behavioral technology acceptance factors and financial-related factors into a research framework derived from rational choice theory. Drawing data from 214 respondents across four emerging countries, the findings reveal the positive effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and network externalities on m-wallet adopting intention. Regarding financial factors, while perceived risk negatively affects adopting intention, the effect of price value on adopting intention is not confirmed. Finally, financial literacy is found to have both positively direct and moderating effects on the relationship of perceived risk and users' adopting intention.


The pitch range of the human voice is variable, extending from chest register to falsetto. Although numerous studies have investigated after laryngeal mechanism description of registers, systematic and objective studies were lack. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare head register wi...


Proteins are made up of basic units called amino acids which are held together by bonds namely hydrogen and ionic bond. The way in which the amino acids are sequenced has been categorized into two dimensional and three dimensional structures. The main advantage of predicting secondary structure is to produce tertiary structure likelihoods that are in great demand for continuous detection of proteins. This paper reviews the different methods adopted for predicting the protein secondary structure and provides a comparative analysis of accuracies obtained from various input datasets [1].


The mind of the leader as a scientific matter, emerges with the development of modern psychoanalysis, modern psychology and contemporary political psychology. The focus on the mind as a scientific matter in the social sciences led to the salience of understanding the psychology of human behavior. It was Freud who provided us with an insight into the structure of personality that in various forms continues to be important. It was Harold Lasswell, a former President of the World Academy of Art & Science who adapted the Freudian categories to the study of personality, structure, and leadership. Central to the individual is the human perspective which comprises of components of identity, the expression of human demands, and the restraints of morality and cultural expectation. These issues were formulated in terms of homopoliticus. This type of personality represented the perspectives of private motives, displaced on public objects and rationalized in the public interest. The paper then proceeds to discuss the importance of early childhood and leadership and illuminates various forms of leadership styles from narcissist to democratic. The paper then discusses the thinking skills that leadership decision-making requires for constructive social performance. Performance is identified with decision making and the architecture of decision making. The study of the mind is a science whose advances are most recent in the history of the human species. We owe a great deal to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and his followers who developed the study of mind as an important component of the study of personality. The direction on Freud's work, and of many of his followers' work, was aimed at the therapeutic implications for medically treating patients requiring a better understanding of the human personality. The term 'personality' is used to designate the principal traits displayed by an individual as a participating member of society. In the scientific exploration of personality it seemed apparent that every public and private relationship of the individual required exploration. Therefore, the implications of Freud's work also generated broader concerns and applications of its insights that could be applied to the emerging fields of the social and behavioral sciences. Among the most important scholars on seeking to explore the broader * The article is based on the author's lectures for a post graduate level course on "The Essence of Leadership" from March 30-April 3, 2015 at the InterUniversity Centre, Dubrovnik, Croatia.


Abstract Adversus haereses 3.22.4 is one of the key texts for Irenaeus' views about the virgin Mary's role in the "economy" of salvation. Among the many interpretative riddles of this passage, this paper discusses the function of the metaphor of the knots in Irenaeus' argument. A close analysis suggests that the lines in question are not the conclusion of the preceding section (as implied by the Latin version—and modern interpreters), but the opening of a concluding development that sums up the role of the New Adam and the New Eve. As a result, the metaphor of knots should not be understood in exclusive connection with Mary: it applies to both Christ and her— though it is particularly fitting for expressing Mary's role as New (and Anti-) Eve.


Abstract The effect of two-stage thermal disintegration of sewage sludge on the particle size distribution using laser diffraction method has been studied. The sludge was sampled from municipal sewage treatment plant after each stage of disintegration. The first stage of disintegration known as homogenization proceeds at temperature of 70-90°C and pressure of 3 bar, the second stage called thermal hydrolysis was performed at temperature of 160-170°C and pressure of 6 bar. It was found that the first stage of disintegration has the strongest impact on the reduction of the sludge particle size and changes in chemical properties. The maximum size of the particles from raw sewage before disintegration was 310 μm. After first stage of the process average size of the particles was 250 μm, and during the second stage it was reduced to 226 μm. Sludge disintegration degree (DDCOD) of 59% confirms high effectiveness of the process. We established that the redox potential (Eh) of sludge effluents was changed after each step of the studied process. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) increases which leads to the conclusion that resizing of floccules is accompanied by hydrolysis.


Meteorological conditions associated with several days experiencing high ozone concentrations in the Sydney basin have been studied in an attempt to explain variations in concentrations. Falls in ozone concentration during the late morning or early afternoon are qualitatively shown to be related to the rate of increase in the depth of convective mixing. Observational studies of seabreezes in England and Australia have revealed the presence of a cut- off roll vortex in the head of some seabreeze circulations. It has been suggested that such vortices provide a mechanism for the inland transport of pollutants. Evidence is presented suggesting the existence of cut-off roll vortices in the Sydney basin and significant variations in ozone concentrations accompanying their occurrence. For the abstract of the covering entry of the conference see IRRD 283762. (Author/TRRL)


Abstract Disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad are important to consider in the differential diagnosis of anterior knee pain. Knowledge about the microanatomy of this region and the areas which are prone to injury can aid the physiotherapist in providing appropriate management. This paper provides a brief description of the morphology, physiology and biomechanics of this important but under-recognised, anatomical entity. In addition, the enthesis organ concept is described and its relevance to physiotherapy practice outlined using the infrapatellar fat pad as an example.


Based on the research of key tree and key link-tree group key management algorithm,a new group key management scheme which combines two key structures was proposed.The scheme uses transfer algorithm to resolve the transfer problem between two key structures.The analysis shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm.


A diode-pumped Yb-doped double-clad fiber amplifier (YDDCFA) with the narrow bandwidth continuous wave (CW) and pulse input signal is investigated. The input single-mode (SM) signal bandwidth is 10^(-4) nm from a distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser. The saturated gain of the CW amplification is 11 dB at the forward pump. And besides CW signals, we also amplify pulses with duration of 150 ns and the 1-Hz repetition. The pulse is amplified to 2 W of peak power, 0.31 microjoule of energy, 23 dB of gain and less than 6% of stability at the forward pump power of 1.4 W. For higher power, reflections and backscattering can generate the self pulsation in the amplifier. The results are important for the development of the narrow-band double-clad fiber amplifier.


In this thesis, by use of a thematic approach, an intersectional analysis of The Lover byMarguerite Duras has been carried out. The aim was to examine how different power structuresinteract with one another in a colonial society. The research focused on the main femalecharacter's search for a personal identity and how this pursuit is influenced by gender, ethnicityand class structures.The conclusion is that the character is experiencing a feeling of alienation from the communityof white colonizers because of her position as "a poor white girl". This exclusion sometimeshelps her in opposing the norms and values that are imposed by the society, for example thelack of social and sexual liberty for women. Her behavior can however, in some regards, beviewed as a confirmation of the racist roles that exist in the colony. Having considered that, itis further argued that it is the description of the Chinese lover that is problematic, rather thanthe behavior of the female protagonist.


We describe a programming environment which combines the Macsyma algebraic manipulation system with convenient and direct access to numeric Fortran run-time libraries. With this system it is also convenient to generate, compile, load, and invoke totally new Fortran programs which may have been produced by combining algebraically derived formulas and program "templates". These facilities, available on VAX-11 computers, provide an environment for the generation and testing of advanced scientific software. Enhancements of Fortran for high-precision calculations, interval arithmetic, and other purposes are also supported.


This research aims to determine the "Incidence of Economic Opening on
Economic Growth in Peru during the period 1990-2016", for this we use the time
series of the Open Economic Indicator, and the variation of the Gross Domestic
Product to represent Economic Growth.
Using unit root tests and cointegration tests, the econometric model was
formulated, which indicates that there is a positive relationship between the
indicator of economic openness and economic growth, which corroborated the
hypothesis.
The regression shows a positive relation, showing that an increase of one
percentage unit of the indicator of economic openness causes a 0.35% increase
in economic growth.
According to the results obtained in this investigation it is concluded that
economic growth is inelastic to economic openness, since the variations of
economic openness have a relatively small effect on economic growth.
Regarding economic opening, it has had unparalleled growth in its history both in
its level of imports and in its level of exports, thanks to its successful policy on
foreign trade and its national development strategies in order to make the country
an exporter of an offer of goods and services with added value, diversified and
competitively. This has resulted in a dynamic economic growth, reflected in the
increase in the variation of gross domestic product, which, at constant 1994
prices, has grown consecutively on average by 5.07% in recent years.


The invention provides a television false advertisement prompting method and system. The television false advertisement prompting method comprises the following steps that current program image information is captured at preset intervals; through capturing of the current program image information, image information characteristic data are extracted, and through comparison between characteristic data and advertisement characteristic data of an advertisement data base, false advertisement judgment is conducted; after a false advertisement is confirmed, a false advertisement prompt is given. By the adoption of the television false advertisement prompting method and system, a user can visually recognize the false advertisement and avoid being tricked, so that a television really brings happiness to people, and the experience degree of use of the television by the user is greatly improved.


The Fourth Annual Medical Writing Executives Forum took place during the 2022 American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) Conference with the aim of bringing together heads of medical writing departments to discuss relevant topics in medical writing. This year's theme focused on the development of a framework for a medical writing apprentice program. The participants shared their experiences to begin laying the foundation for a successful medical writing apprentice program framework that can be customized and deployed as needed to help develop and grow the next generation of medical writers.


APRIL, Angiogenesis, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)Angiogenesis, the generation of new capillary blood vesselsfrom pre-existing vessels, occurs under normal and patho-logical conditions. Although angiogenesis in physiologicalprocesses is tightly regulated by a balance of stimulatoryfactors and inhibitory factors, disrupted balance effect playsa leading role in the progress of diseases such as tumorgrowth, rheumatoid arthritis and various blood vessel-related pathology.


In this paper, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using only matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas for many sequences of this type such as Fibonacci and Lucas sequences and many others. Then we present two applications: one deals with finding interesting summation formulas relating the elements of such sequences. The second application is to show how our approach gives rise to a new method for solving systems of first order difference equations. Finally, we introduce the generalized ratio of such sequences and find a formula for it which can be considered as a generalization of the golden ratio, the silver ratio, and many others.


Due to its dynamism and multi-faceted operations, the aerospace industry can use a new perspective for aerospace technology acquisition. This paper presents an application of the DEJI (Design, Evaluation, Justification, and Integration) model for the acquisition of new aerospace technology and products. The product development model is suggested as a complementary approach to executing new technology-based product acquisition. The proposed approach will facilitate a better alignment of product technology with future development and needs. The recent case of the F-22A Raptor acquisition cost over-run is cited as an impetus for looking at new ways of product acquisition assessment.


Neurokinin B (NKB) is critical for fertility in humans and stimulates gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone/luteinising hormone (LH) secretion in several species, including sheep. There is increasing evidence that the actions of NKB in the retrochiasmatic area (RCh) contribute to the induction of the preovulatory LH surge in sheep. In the present study, we determined whether there are sex differences in the response to RCh administration of senktide, an agonist to the NKB receptor (neurokinin receptor‐3 [NK3R]), and in NKB and NK3R expression in the RCh of sheep. To normalise endogenous hormone concentrations, animals were gonadectomised and given implants to mimic the pattern of ovarian steroids seen in the oestrous cycle. In females, senktide microimplants in the RCh produced an increase in LH concentrations that lasted for at least 8 hours after the start of treatment, whereas a much shorter increment (approximately 2 hours) was seen in males. We next collected tissue from gonadectomised lambs 18 hours after the insertion of oestradiol implants that produce an LH surge in female, but not male, sheep for immunohistochemical analysis of NKB and NK3R expression. As expected, there were more NKB‐containing neurones in the arcuate nucleus of females than males. Interestingly, there was a similar sexual dimorphism in NK3R‐containing neurones in the RCh, NKB‐containing close contacts onto these RCh NK3R neurones, and overall NKB‐positive fibres in this region. These data demonstrate that there are both functional and morphological sex differences in NKB‐NK3R signalling in the RCh and raise the possibility that this dimorphism contributes to the sex‐dependent ability of oestradiol to induce an LH surge in female sheep.


In this paper we describe a North-African sanctuary with a miniscule classroom attached to it. We show and explain the teaching materials found there. It follows that first- and second graders in the North-African countryside are being taught the same kind of arithmetic as kids in American and European rural schools. However, instead of nursery rhymes they have to leam verses from the Koran.


Solid tumors are characterized by abundant extracellular matrix originating from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). High collagen content can trigger the collapse of vascular system in the tumor and form physical barrier that eventually impedes the penetration of drug particles and cytotoxic immune cells. Moreover, CAFs are able to promote the enrichment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that work in concert to develop a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we investigated if halofuginone, an anti-fibrotic drug can augment the therapeutic effects of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The results revealed that halofuginone significantly disrupts the collagen network in tumors and promotes the distribution of VSV and infiltration of CD8 T cells (P<0.0001). Combined treatment with VSV and halofuginone also modulates the immunosuppressive TME via deletion of TAMs, MDSCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Collectively, the combination therapy remarkably inhibits the tumor growth in multiple murine models and prolongs the survival of mice. The results demonstrate the clinical potential of halofuginone in combination with oncolytic virus.


Remote sensing images often suffer low contrast. Although many contrast enhancement methods have been proposed in recent literature, the efficiency and robustness of remote sensing image contrast enhancement is still a challenge. In this letter, a novel self-adaptive histogram compacting transform-based contrast enhancement method for remote sensing images is presented to meet with the requirements of automation, robustness, and efficiency in applications. First, the histogram of an input image is optimized into compact and continuous status with the constraints of the merging cost, the moderate global brightness, and the entropy contribution of gray levels. Then, a local remapping algorithm is proposed to catch more details during the course of gray extending with the linear stretch. Finally, a dual-gamma transform is proposed to enhance the contrast in both bright and black areas. Experimental and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method yields better results than the state-of-the-art methods and maintains robustness in different cases. It provides an effective approach for remote sensing image automatic contrast enhancement.


The quality of students' relationships with their peers plays an important role in developing their academic achievement. The present study aimed at constructing an accurate, reliable, and valid instrument that could assess the EFL students' perceptions of peer support. The instrument includes different subscales, namely Informational Support, Emotional Support, Instrumental Support, Feedback, and Companionship Support. The Peer Support Questionnaire was administered to 212 Iranian undergraduate EFL students studying at two public universities in Iran. An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and the overall factor loading estimates indicated a quite satisfactory level of convergent validity for the developed Questionnaire. Both the degree of factor loadings and the construct validity test supported the convergent validity of peer support factors and their related items. The findings demonstrated that PSQ could be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the concept of peer support in both academic and educational settings.


We prove that if $M$ and $N$ are Riemannian, oriented $n$-dimensional manifolds without boundary and additionally $N$ is compact, then Sobolev mappings $W^{1,n}(M,N)$ of finite distortion are continuous. In particular, $W^{1,n}(M,N)$ mappings with almost everywhere positive Jacobian are continuous. This result has been known since 1976 in the case of mappings $W^{1,n}(\Omega,\mathbb{R}^n)$, where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is an open set. The case of mappings between manifolds is much more difficult.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of reflux esophagitis,and the value of early diagnosis and treatment.Methods 85 cases of reflux esophagitis were divided into the mild group and severe group by endoscopy.2 groups were treated for 8 weeks by giving cisapride,omeprazole and sucralfatet.To compare the clinical efficacy of 2 groups.Results The cure rate in the mild group was 51.35% and 41.67% in the severe group.There was no significant difference(P0.05).The clinical effective rate of the mild group was 94.59%,which of the severe group was 75.0%.There was significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment for reflux esophagitis can improve the clinical efficiency.and have important clinical significance of reducing cancerization of reflux esophagitis.


Weak consciousness for career planning is a common problem among students at independent colleges. Taking Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Wuhan College as an example, it makes a survey and analysis on its manifestation, scope, causation, and influence on college students, by the means of questionnaire, interview, and informal discussion. Based on the analysis, some suggestions and countermeasures have been put forward on how to guide independent college students for rational employment, from the five aspects of reinforcing ideological and political education, giving full play to one's own advantages, innovating means and methods, conducting career assessment, and emphasizing mental health.


At the world global, liberalism trades trends; Taiwan has already participated in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January of 2002. Taiwan accede to the WTO make to reduce of let promise, relevant open the government procurement market fraction, will sign the WTO to make an Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Current Taiwan have already with other governments make an agreement (GPA) to bilateral talks, accomplish the most bilateral trade agreement of the job, anticipate that the near period will accomplish the government of signing to participate in the WTO of GPA to sign the country. About the water conservancy, water resource engineering developments, and the tradition invest for government section up, develop. However of the folks industry compete in hydraulic engineering of construct and the market place type that technique serve, the future configuring on the GPA, the domestic can provide the international water to serve it item, and the abroad can provide the local water to serve it item. All must the survey and appraise then help the local factory how to preparation of global trend and provide the government to administer, of the folks industry develop it reference.


We intended to quantify the antibacterial and antifungal activity results of 4,5-dihydroisoxazole dimethanol compound (1a) against several bacteria and fungi and also calculate some structural parameters (theoretical descriptors) of compound (1a) with this work. Microdilution broth procedures were studied using microdilution wells for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) test. Compound (1a) exhibited fair activities against all the bacteria and fungi. Compound (1a) has been a good result (MIC = 50 µg/ml) against particularly P. aeruginosa . The structure of compound (1a) was drawn, and geometrical optimization was done using the Ab initio (RHF/3-21G) level.


A newly developed 3-D shape modeling system based on constructive solid geometry (CSG) is described, in which a direct and interactive shape modeling process is supported. This feature is realized by a voxel model for real-time set operations, and a volume scanning display for the direct visualization of the voxel model, besides the CSG model for data structure management. The set operations on the voxel model can be executed as simple bit calculations, and therefore, the voxel data for the set object can be created in real time. The volume scanning display is a suitable device for presenting the voxel data. There is not need for intensive calculations to display the set objects. The volume scanning display can provide exact 3-D images without goggles or glasses. The concept should be useful in an actual modeling environment.<<ETX>>


Publicity Principle in Agency is the basis of agency legal system in Continental Law System.It can be embodied into Disclosed Principal Agency and Unidentified Principal Agency.The functions of this principle are to overcome the barrier of the theory on declaration of intention and to protect the interest of the third person by knowing who is the other party to the contract.Both Disclosed Principal Agency and Unidentified Principal Agency are regulated in Chinese law,while the Article 402 of Contract Law on Unidentified Principal Agency can only be applied in a narrow scope and it should be regulated in the general provisions of civil code in the future.Undisclosed Principal Agency,regulated in the Article 403 of Contract Law,is also in accordance with Publicity Principle,but it only can be applied on the basis of breach of contract.So it should be placed in the Contract Law and can not be regarded as the general rules of agency.All the types of agency in Chinese law are Direct Agency,that is to say,by the rules of agency it can be made clear that who should accept the effects of the agent's act,but not to judge the validity of agent's act.


A study conducted for 3 years (2000-2002) on a coarse loamy, non-calcareous, Typic ustorthents showed little effect of nitrogen (urea) or foliar application of KN03 on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield in the absence of potassium application. In presence of potassium, a significant increase in the tuber yield was obtained with increasing level of nitrogen and foliar application of KNOr Application of potassium increased the per cent distribution of bigger size tubers. Among the 2 foliar fertilizers, ie KCI (MOP) and KN03 , potassium nitrate resultd in the highest yield at concentration of2% which was superior to 1%. The yield of potato increased over the period of growth and over 90% yield was obtained at 75 days after sowing. 'Kufri Badshah' gave significantly higher yield than ' Kufri Jyoti' mainly owing to higher yield of large-size tubers. Potassium and nitrogen uptake in tuber and straw increased significantly with soil and foliar application of K.


This study aims to examine the implementation in learning to write explanatory texts using picture and picture models assisted by power point media. examine teacher and student responses to learning to write explanatory texts by using picture and picture models assisted by power point media and examine students' difficulties when completing explanatory text writing questions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects in the study were students of class VIII Mutiara 4 Bandung Junior High School totaling 42 students and were given treatment in the form of models and learning media for three meetings. The instruments in this study were observation sheets, questionnaires, and test sheets. The results of the observation sheet if accumulated from three meetings for teacher activities scored 79.33% with a high category and three meetings for student activities scored 78% with a high category. On the questionnaire sheet the teacher's response was very good, guessed by the percentage obtained after being analyzed on the questionnaire the teacher got a percentage of 87.5% while for student responses the average percentage of results was 85.1% with very high descriptive analysis criteria. Difficulties experienced by students when working on problems as many as 8 students whose grades below the KKM with an overall average obtained 73.52. From the above data it can be concluded that learning to write explanatory texts using picture and picture models assisted by power point media is very effectively applied in learning


The typical character of modern firm is the separation of ownership and control. This separation results in the agency problem, while the theory of residual claims gives the solution to agency problem. But this theory is not well fit for Chinese state owned enterprises. This paper analyzed agents' objectives and behaviors of state owned enterprises and proposed suggestions of the system of ownership so as to control the enterprises.


The objective of this research is to obtain information on the effect of recruitment and motivation toward job performance of Military Personnel Submarine Unit in Eastern Fleet Command of Indonesian Navy. This research  using survey method with quantitative approach and path analysis technique. The population of research is 80 military personnel and sample involving 67 personnel as respondents were selected through simple random sampling. This research findings are (1) there is a positively direct effect recruitment on job performance. (2) there is a positively direct effect motivation on job performance (3) there is a positively direct effect recruitment on motivation. Therefore, the job performance of Submarine Unit military personnel can be improved through improvement of recruitment, and motivation.


Objective:To investigate the location of intestinal trifoil factor in the hippocampus of rats.Methods:Six adult male SD rats were selected and three of them were decapitaled immediately.The hippocampus was separated on ice and transcription of ITFmRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The left three were detected for expression of intestinal trifoil peptide in the hippocampus using the methods of immunohistochemistry.Results:The areas of CA1,CA2 and CA3 of hippocampus contained ITF masculine product,and masculine cell distributed in the pyramidal layer,while masculine signal in the area of CA1 was weaker than that of others.ITF mRNA expression in hippocampus was significant expressed by RT-PCF.Conclusion:The hippocampus can synthesize ITF by itself,and ITF immunity active product is mainly located at the pericaryon and part of nerve fiber in areas of CA1,CA2 and CA3.


Textile-reinforced concrete has great potential for use in lightweight, thin-walled structural components. Since such elements participate directly in load transmission in the structural framework, satisfactory fire resistance is often desirable. Experience until now, however, has been limited with respect to the behavior of textile concrete elements subjected to fire. In this investigation, four fire tests have been performed on textile-reinforced concrete sections (I-profiles), in which one side of the sections was exposed to fire. The textiles tested were AR glass, carbon, and carbon coated with styrene butadiene. These experiments demonstrated that the load-bearing behavior of textile-reinforced structural components in fire greatly depends on the textile used, their bond to the concrete, and the behavior of the concrete under high temperatures.


This paper describes the electric pressure sensor-based abdominal injury measuring method employed in the Japan's CRS assessment program. The CRS assessment program was launched in 2001 in Japan. The objective of this program is to assess usability of CRSs for infants and toddlers and the systems' safety in frontal collision. This assessment has started due to recent increase of casualties among minor passengers and to introduction of the mandatory use of CRSs for six-year-old or younger passengers. The safety assessment test determines performance of CRSs by evaluating behavior of dummies and the target CRSs as well as damage caused by the CRS. It also investigates whether or not the CRS is constraining vulnerable parts of the child's body. In the initial plan, high-speed photography was to be used for determining the scale of the injury caused by restraining gear such as a harness on a child's body. It was found, however, that images from high-speed photography are not suited for determining degrees of compression on the abdomen, the most vulnerable part of the body. In order to solve this problem, the authors have started an investigation for an alternative method capable of quantitatively measuring abdominal compression. Throughout the study, the electric pressure sensor-based method was employed for determining abdominal compression from the CRS assessment in 2003. This method allows for quantitatively observing the ever-changing pressure distribution on the abdomen. This approach first calculates abdominal loads from the pressure data collected from the area corresponding to the child's abdomen, and then selects the maximum load among them for use in the actual assessment. The authors have derived children's resistibility to abdominal load by scaling the relation between the waist belt and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) among adults to the children's physique.


Background: Fermented rice is known to possess probiotic capability. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confers consumer with enormous health benefits. This research was determined on isolation and molecularly identifies beneficial lactic acid bacteria from fermented rice water. Methods: Locally cultivated Osuemegbe Rice grains were steeped and fermented to isolate lactic acid bacteria strains. De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) media was used for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria. The fermented rice water was serially diluted, plated and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours under anaerobic conditions. Single colonies were subjected to biochemical analysis and gram-staining. Subsequently, 16s rRNA Identification of bacterial isolates was conducted. Results: The strains of LAB isolated were lactiplantibacillus plantarum CIP 103151and Limosilactobacillus fermentum CIP 102980 which are both beneficial and highly recommended as alternatives to antibiotics since their various mechanisms of growth inhibition against pathogenic bacteria have been extensively documented. Conclusion: The findings in this study confirmed rice to possess strains of probiotic Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which can be exploited to achieving quality advancement in one health: integrated and unify approach aim at sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystem.


C-band radar observations have shown a high sensitivity to the water status of vegetation, including forests and crops. Several studies conducted mainly on forests have observed daily changes of the backscattering coefficients between ascending and descending orbits and have suggested that these differences are related to the diurnal cycle of vegetation water content. Likewise, the water movement within annual crops could be associated to change of the phase centre locations leading to a daily cycle of the interferometric coherence as well that has already been observed on tropical forest using C-band in situ acquisitions. In this context, an experimental setup composed of 4C-band antennas targeting an irrigated wheat field was installed at the top of a 20 m tower near Chichaoua (Morocco) from January to June 2020. The collected data includes measurements of the backscattering coefficient at both cross- and parallel polarizations and the interferometric coherence with a 15 mns time step. The field is also equipped with an eddy-correlation station for half hourly measurements of convective fluxes, soil moisture and temperature profiles. Simultaneously, measurement of above-ground biomass, leaf area index, canopy height and surface roughness are also carried out every 15-daysduring the agricultural season.  The preliminary results of the experiment reveal the existence of strong correlation between the daily evolution of interferometric coherence and the physiological activity of wheat at dawn while the changes observed in the afternoon are ratherrelated to the wind peaks. For the backscattering coefficient, a good agreement is observed between the evolution of its daily average and the evolution of evapotranspiration. These open insights for the monitoring of the crops water status using radar dataacquired at sub-daily timescale.


There are technologies which promise healthcare advantages and help to overcome its weakness. Blockchain is considered as one of the most attractive technologies over this domain. The purpose of this letter is to provide a short close view to medical blockchain with respect to the published posts in the Reddit by using text mining approach. The data has been collected from Reddit. The result reveals that the blockchains lead to improvement of security and data sharing in the medical systems, especially for electronic medical record. Also, users express a positive view on the usage of the blockchain in the healthcare.


All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. INTRODUCTION Chloroisocyanurates are solid sources of available chlorine used in bleaching, sanitization, and disinfection. Initially introduced in the late 1950's and early 1960's, they include trichloroisocyanuric acid Cyanuric acid stabilizes available chlorine by reducing the concentration of photoactive hypochlorite ion through formation of chloroisocyanurates, which are more stable to sunlight. However, laboratory studies have shown that addition of cyanuric acid reduces the effectiveness of available chlorine as a disinfectant against bacteria. No attempt was made to correlate the kill times with the concentration of biocidal species. The present work was carried out to determine if the decrease in kill rate is due solely to a reduction in hypochlorous acid (a powerful disinfectant) concentration or whether chloroisocyanurates possess significant bactericidal properties. A knowledge of all thirteen equilibrium constants for the cyanuric acidavailable chlorine system allows calculation of the hypochlorous acid concentration as a function of pH and the concentrations of total isocyanurate and total free available chlorine. A computer program was employed to calculate the concentrations of hypochlorous acid and the various chloroisocyanurates in the published experimental data on the effect of cyanuric acid on the kill time of bacteria by available chlorine. Statistical analysis showed that the disinfection data correlate excellently with the hypochlorous acid concentration and poorly with the concentration of the various chloroisocyanurates. The primary chloroisocyanurate under typical swimming pool conditions is monochloroisocyanurate ion. Although it is an ineffective bactericide, it allows longer term disinfection in outdoor swimming pools compared to unstabilized available chlorine because it serves as a reservoir of hypochlorous acid, releasing it on demand via rapid hydrolysis. (TCCA) tablets and anhydrous and hydrated granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDCC). In addition, cyanuric acid (CA) was marketed as a stabilizer for available chlorine in outdoor swimming pools. The structures of the isocyanurates are shown in Figure 1.


Aim: To describe the effective use of corticosteroid in the management of keratitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods: Retrospective review of the case of a nineteen year old gentleman who presented with a purulent ocular discharge and in whom peripheral corneal melt occurred. Results: Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from conjunctival swab. Systemic and topical antibiotics were given. The peripheral corneal melt was unchanged until systemic corticosteroid was prescribed following which the corneal melt resolved promptly. Conclusions: Neisseria gonorrhoeae keratitis may behave like a peripheral ulcerative keratitis. In such cases topical and/ or systemic corticosteroid may be therapeutic despite their usual contraindication in cases of acute infective keratitis.


Conceptual designs of superconducting magnets for the storage ring of a Muon Collider with a 1.5 TeV c.o.m. energy and an average luminosity of 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} are presented. All magnets are based on Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductor and designed to provide an adequate operating field/field gradient in the aperture with the critical current margin required for reliable magnet operation in the machine. Magnet cross-sections were optimized to achieve the accelerator field quality in the magnet aperture occupied with beams. The magnets and corresponding protective measures are designed to handle about 0.5 kW/m of dynamic heat load from the muon beam decays. Magnet parameters are reported and compared with the requirements.


Time-harmonic analyses are presented for the excitation of a dielectric slab and for the excitation of an isotropic, incompressible, plasma slab by means of a parallel-plate waveguide with one plate truncated. Both TE and TM polarizations are considered in these open-region problems.

The principal contribution of the paper is the development of a procedure for factoring the function of a complex variable which appears in the formulation of each of these Wiener-Hopf type boundary value problems. The technique obtains the factorization for the open-region problem by a limiting procedure on a function and its factorization associated with a related closed-region problem. The latter factorization is usually trivial. The technique is quite general and should find application to a wide range of Wiener-Hopf problems involving open regions.

Details of the investigation including the results of numerical computations are presented for the excitation problems. These include the average power reflected in the waveguide, radiated in the space wave, and transmitted by the surface waves. The radiation pattern of the space wave is also given.


Marine soil and sediment samples were collected from different locations of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh, the largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical studies, the strain HAN-10 appeared as Streptomyces sp. Optimum cultural composition and fermentation parameters of this marine Streptomyces sp. was determined by the amount of metabolites released and consequently the inhibitory zone diameter measurement by disc diffusion method against Bacillus cereus. Maximum bioactive metabolites was observed when a broth medium containing glucose as carbon source, potassium nitrate, and 3.5% NaCl. Metabolites production was started after four days of incubation, reached its maximum levels after eight days, sustained upto ten days and thereafter gradually decreased. 37 C temperature and 6-7 pH was maintained for its optimum growth and metabolite release.


Barton-Willis, P. A., Roberts, P. D., Guo, A., and Leach, J. E. 1989. Growth dynamics of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in leaves of rice differential cultivars. Phytopathology 79:573-578. Bacterial multiplication and spread were monitored in race-specific inter- Symptoms were not observed in advance of bacteria. Lesion lengths, in actions of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae and rice (Oryza sativa). general, were positively correlated with bacterial numbers. When leaves Bacterial numbers in compatible and incompatible interactions increased were inoculated with bacterial mixtures (1:1 of race I or 6 [compatible] to equally until levels reached 107-108 colony-forming units/leaf. Thereafter, race 2 [incompatible]), the growth rate of race 2 isolates was severely the bacterial growth rates in incompatible interactions slowed in restrictedcomparedwiththatofthecontrol(race2alone). Thesameeffects comparison with those in compatible interactions. Maximum bacterial were observed in a host in which all races were compatible. The apparent numbers per leaf were dependent on host cultivar. In both compatible and interaction between bacterial isolates confounded analysis of the effect of incompatible interactions, bacteria spread from the inoculation point; mixed inoculations on race-specific resistance induction. however, bacteria in compatible interactions spread more rapidly.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the role that citizen journalism is playing in democratising the mainstream media in Rwanda. Through in-depth interviews with journalists from two radio stations and by using the public sphere theory as a theoretical framework, this research sought to answer the question as to whether citizen journalism in Rwanda propels media democratisation by enabling democratic deliberation through its ability to inform, filling in the gaps left by mainstream media and by encouraging critical thinking. The findings from this study show that citizens participate in the daily work of the media through commentaries and by serving as news sources. However, citizens have not yet had a tangible impact on the functioning of the two media where self-censorship and gatekeeping are widely practised. Democratisation of these radio stations appears to be more theoretical rather than an established practice. Hence, the public sphere in the Habermasian sense is not yet a reality.


The Gd55Al20Co25 amorphous wires exhibit a relatively strong magnetocaloric effect (MCE). These melt-extracted amorphous wires display second-order magnetic transition (SOMT) and the value of maximal magnetic entropy (–ΔSm) for the melt-extracted wires is calculated to be ~9.7 J·kg–1·K–1 around the Curie point (TC) of ~110 K with applied field of 5 T. Moreover, the melt-extracted amorphous wires show a high refrigerating efficiency with a relatively large cooling power (RCP, ~804 J·kg–1) and refrigeration capacity (RC, ~580 J·kg–1) under an applied magnetic field of 5T due to the broad paramagnetic-ferromagnetic (PM-FM) region associated with amorphous alloys. These favorable properties make melt-extracted Gd-based amorphous wires to be the potential refrigerant for magnetic refrigeration (MR) of liquid oxygen.


China has formally entered the population aging society since 2000 years,the ratios of people aged over 60 to the total population has reached 12.0% by the end of 2008.According to the life cycle theory,with the changing of age structure,re-allocation of personal savings and household financial assets has been changing,and this homogeneous change will significantly affect financial institutions and the competitiveness of financial instruments offered by financial institutions,thus,when financial institutions provide these financial instruments,it will reveal more appropriate and more inappropriate characteristics,it is this interaction that led to the shift of the development potential of different financial institutions,which finally prompted the evolution of financial structure in China.


(IUdR)induced synthesis ofEBV antigens andvirus particles. Whendibutyryl cAMP (Bt2-cAMP) was presentinmediumafter exposureofcultures toIUdR,theincidence ofcells synthesizing EBVearly and virus capsid antigens was increased. Thetimenecessaryfor appearanceofEBV particles after induction byIUdRwas significantly reduced inthepresenceof Bt2-cAMP. Thisenhancement was evident toa lesser degree with3:5'cAMP thanwithBt2-cAMPanddidnotoccurwith any other oftherelated compounds tested. Theresponseobserved was dosedependent. Untreated (noIUdR)EBV negative hybrid cells exposed toBt2-cAMP also synthesized EBV antigens. The concentration ofintracellular cAMP may actas one ofthecontrol mechanisms selecting for geneexpression inthis system.


Unprecedented levels of migration occur due to ever-increasing globalization. Because of this, countries that once promoted welcoming immigration policies now face immense challenges to reform their immigration laws. Some of these attempts, however, appear to actively target and discriminate against ethnic minorities whilst undermining central political authority and jurisdiction over immigration policy. To better understand the issue of controversial immigration policies within the Western World, this paper will place two case studies into their proper legal context. The goal of this paper is to address the issue of why centralized authority is being undermined by member-states, and how illegality, with reference to immigration policy, occurs and is allowed to continue.
The two case studies, Arizona's SB1070 and France's Repatriation Policy of 2010, are analyzed because in both political systems, the US federal system and the EU's more loosely organized political entity, these two member-states circumvented central authority to address the issue of illegal immigration. With an examination of each political entity's laws, legal precedent, the controversial policies and arguments relating to the policies, this paper will establish the credibility or illegality of each state-level immigration policy. Only through a comprehensive legal interpretation of immigration policy and human rights law will we better understand the issue's controversial nature.


In this paper, we find a negative association between CEO tenure and CSR reporting. In other words, compared with longer-serving CEOs, CEOs with shorter tenure tend to implement better CSR reporting practices, as measured by greater likelihood of issuing standalone CSR reports, and a higher chance of issuing CSR reports with assurance and in accordance with GRI guidelines. Our cross-sectional analyses further show that the negative association between CEO tenure and CSR reporting is mainly driven by firms with stronger information intermediaries, such as a higher level of media coverage, more analyst following, and greater institutional ownership, and firms with a higher level of discretionary accruals. Additional tests on the signaling effect of CSR reporting confirm that shorter-tenured CEOs tend to more actively signal their future financial performance through CSR reporting than longer-tenured CEOs. Taken together, our results suggest that when the market is highly uncertain about their ability during early years of service, CEOs are more inclined to use CSR reporting as a favorable signal of their ability, especially when signaling through earnings management is constrained and costly.


A tunable IR generation was demonstrated by the quasi phase-matched optical parametric oscillation, and preliminary provided a means to develop a more thorough scientific study of dental laser applications.


Washington's 4-H program is transitioning from a predominately single-county faculty model to a regional system. This article highlights survey results regarding the level of awareness and buy-in that Extension administration, faculty, and staff have concerning the regional model and how communication about the model took place. While most employees were aware of the change, the majority learned through informal conversation, either alone or in combination with formal communication. Those who learned through both formal and informal methods felt more knowledgeable and more comfortable assessing the model's merit. Our research recommends that administrators purposefully emphasize formal communication during staffing model transitions.


We study here the observational constraints on single-field inflationary models achievable with the next generation of CMB experiments. We particularly focus on a Stage-IV like experiment and forecasts its constraints on inflationary parameters in the context of α-attractor inflation comprising a large class of single-field models. To tailor our forecasts we use as a fiducial model the results obtained with current CMB and LSS data, assuming the α-model a priori. We found that current CMB data are able to place a tight bound on the ratio of the tensor-to-scalar ratio with the alpha parameter r/α = 3.87 −0.94 ·10−3 and on the running of the scalar index αS = −6.4 +1.6 −1.3 ·10−4 with a value of the scalar index consistent with current constraints. In the optimistic scenario of detection of primordial gravitational waves in the CMB B-mode polarization power spectra, we found that CMB-S4 will be able to achieve a 15% bound on the value of the parameter α = 1.01 −0.18. This bound clearly show the ability of CMB-S4 to constrain not only the energy scale of inflation but also the shape of its potential. Enlarging the baseline model to also include the neutrino sector merely reduce the accuracy of 5% leading to α = 1.07 −0.23 so that our main conclusions are still valid.


Encryption of data is very important in order to keep the data secure and make secure transactions and transmission of data. Such as online shopping. whenever we give our card details there is possibility of data being hacked or intruded. So to secure that we need to encrypt the data and decryption strategy should be known only to that particular bank. Therefore to achieve this objective RSA algorithm can be used. Where only intended sender and receiver can know about the encryption and decryption of data. To make the RSA technique more secure in this paper we propose the technique we call it Modified RSA. for which a transposition module is designed which uses Row Transposition method to encrypt the data. Before giving the card details to RSA the input will be given to this transposition module which will scrambles the data and rearranges it. Output of transposition will be then provided to the modified RSA which produces the cipher text to send over the network. Use of RSA and the transposition module will provide the dual security to whole system.


This talk will be about negative curvature in spaces and groups. To be precise, the difference between negative curvature and non-positive curvature is important. I start with the celebrated Rank rigidity theorem proved by Ballmann in 80's after a sequence of works by many people. In this note, I usually state theorems for closed manifolds, but many of the conclusions hold for manifolds of finite volume. Let X be a simply connected, complete Riemannian manifold of non-positive sectional curvature, of dimension at least two. (From now on, I only say curvature instead of sectional curvature.) A geodesic γ is rank-1 unless it is the boundary of a flat Euclidean half plane in X. An (hyperbolic) isometry of X is rank-1 if it leaves some rank-1 geodesic invariant and acts on it by a non-trivial translation. A manifold of non-positive curvature M is rank-1 if π1(M) contains a rank-1 element when it acts on M by a Deck transformation.


HARIS FAHREZA. Thermal Comfort Analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Methods at FATETA classroom, Bogor Agricultural University. Supervised by MEISKE WIDYARTI. Thermal comfort is important to support all functions of activities in a room. Factors that affect thermal comfort are temperature, humidity and air flow. This research was conducted to analyze the thermal comfort in RK.V 03.1 classroom, FATETA IPB using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and analyzing its overall thermal transfer value (OTTV). The results showed that in RK. V 03.1. The value of OTTV was 31,81 W/m 2 and it is in compliance with the SNI 03 – 6389 2000. The simulation of thermal comfort condition at 14:00 in RK.V 03.1 showed that air temperature was 33,39 ° C ,with humidity 58,71% and air velocity of 0,14 m/s in point 4. According to SNI 6390:2011, the RK.V 3.01 classroom was classified as uncomfortable. After modifying roof ventilation of the building at point 4 the room temperature decreased 0,78 ° C, while humidity rised 0,48% and air velocity become 0,16 m/s .