Abstract Little, J. B., Nagasawa, H., Dahlberg, W. K., Zdzienicka, M. Z., Burma, S. and Chen, D. J. Differing Responses of Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and Ataxia Telangiectasia Cells to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 158, 319–326 (2002). Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Originally thought to be a variant of ataxia telangiectasia (AT), the cellular phenotype of NBS has been described as almost indistinguishable from that of AT. Since the gene involved in NBS has been cloned and its functions studied, we sought to further characterize its cellular phenotype by examining the response of density-inhibited, confluent cultures of human diploid fibroblasts to irradiation in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both NBS and AT cells were markedly sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. NBS cells, however, were proficient in recovery from potentially lethal damage and exhibited a pronounced radiation-induced G1-phase arrest. Irradiated AT cells showed no potentially lethal damage and no G1-phase arrest. Both cell types were hypersensitive to the induction of chromosomal aberrations, whereas the distribution of aberrations in irradiated NBS cells was similar to that of normal controls, AT cells showed a high frequency of chromatid-type aberrations. TP53 and CDKN1A (also known as p21Waf1) expression was attenuated in irradiated NBS cells, but maximal induction occurred 2 h postirradiation, as was observed in normal controls. The similarities and differences in cellular phenotype between irradiated NBS and AT cells are discussed in terms of the functional properties of the signaling pathways downstream of AT involving the NBS1 and TP53 proteins.


MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. College Students; Comparative Analysis; Higher Education; *Language Processing; Layout (Publications); *Reading Comprehension; *Reading Materials; *Reading Strategies; *Second Languages; Spanish;. Student Attitudes *Authentic Materials A study investigated second language learners' cognitive and affective responses to one authentic and three edited texts. Forty-nine college students at four levels of language learning read the same Spanish authentic passage and an edited passage written for their course level. After silent reading, they performed think-aloud tasks in their native language (English) to provide data on reading strategy use, and recall protocols to provide reading comprehension scores. Subjects were then interviewed to assess their affective responses to each text. Results indicated that all students comprehended significantly more from the authentic passage than from theedited ones. The majority of students also responded more favorably to the authentic passage than to the edited ones. Results suggest that students would benefit more from reading authentic texts, having cultural information written in English, or reading edited texts written with the characteristics often found in authentic texts, such as bold headings, subheadings, pictures, and obvious rhetorical organization, than from reading edited texts that lack these characteristics and are typically found in firstand second-year language textbooks. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. **********i.AA********************************************************** DOLLY JESUSITA YOUNG PROCESSING STRATEGIES OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE READERS: AUTHENTIC AND EDITED INPUT THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES 601 MCCLUNG TOWER KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 (615) 974-2311 RUNNING HEAD: AUTHENTIC AND EDITED INPUT PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMAT!ON CENTER ERICI U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonat Research and imorchement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI Gr-hs document has Owen reproduced as rece.ned from the sernoh Or orgahaatOh Ongnatmg n Mtnor changes have been made to nnprove reproduchon duatny Romts of new Or opirhOrtS Staled .rt this dOCu ment do not necessarny ,eoresent offica OERi 130s.tron or 1)01Cy


The photorefraction in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals is studied depending on exposure time, light intensity (0.1-105 W/cm2), temperature (115-500 K) as well as photorefraction based effects of the anisotropic amplification of scattered light and self-enhancement of holograms. The conclusions are made about the anomalous influence of laser irradiation on the crystal conductivity and at least two kinds of photorefractive centres (F, F+ and Fe2+, Fe3+ centres). The model of complementary holographic gratings is proposed which explains the main properties of the self-enhancement effect, and enables us to estimate the free mean path of the electrons which take part in the bulk photovoltaic effect (≈80 nm), the photoexcitation quantum efficiency (≈10-4) and the product of the electron mobility and their lifetime in the conduction band (≈10-9cm2/V) for LiNbO3: Fe.


The objective of this research was to develop durian chips product through applications of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique. The research methodology was a quantitative method. A customer requirements survey was conducted for Chanthaburi Province. The 384 customers were selected by simple random sampling and were collected through a questionnaire surveying during May – August 2016. Furthermore, the application of QFD method to develop durian chips has been reported the customer requirements to translate the technical requirements. In this research, a QFD technique conducted to translate Voice of Customers (VOCs) into the technical requirements for product planning. The top five customer requirements to develop durian chips were identified as natural color shade, crispness, thin sheet, non rancid and natural taste. The research results revealed that the calculation of relative important to translate the technical requirements ( TRs) identified that the "drying, vacuum packaging, seasoning, storage time and grading" were the highest requirements to the overall improvement of durian chips. Moreover, the findings strongly support the improvement method is essential for applications of QFD technique for design and development. It considered the importance of product design in technical requirements. This research supported an efficiency method for product research and design tool that considers the food production process, quality control, cost revenue and customer demands.


Group image of "hot baby"characterized by the writers of new-sense group is the new woman -character type in moden Chinese literature. " Hot baby" is thepractitioner of women's rights in preliberation Shanghai.In the 1920's or 30's preliberation Shanghai was on the way to westernization. The influence from the West accelerated the destruction of old feudal ethics based on man-right society in China's metropolises.On this background "hot baby",new citizen of the metropolis.was created with grafting new ethic theory upon the women's liberation movement. The significance of putting the image of "hot baby "on the stage of literature on some extent is to stretch and widen the theme of "women's liberation"opened up by writers of the new literature through writing about their sense of women's rights on love and amour.


Portable parallel benchmarks are widely used and highly effective for (a) the evaluation, analysis and procurement of high-performance computing (HPC) systems and (b) quantifying the potential benefits of porting applications for new hardware platforms. Yet, past techniques to synthetically parametrized hand-coded HPC benchmarks prove insufficient for today's rapidly-evolving scientific codes particularly when subject to multi-scale science modeling or when utilizing domain-specific libraries. To address these problems, this work contributes novel methods to automatically generate highly portable and customizable communication benchmarks from HPC applications. We utilize ScalaTrace, a lossless, yet scalable, parallel application tracing framework to collect selected aspects of the run-time behavior of HPC applications. We subsequently generate benchmarks with identical run-time behavior from the collected traces in the CONCEPTUAL language, a domain-specific language that enables the expression of sophisticated communication patterns using a rich and easily understandable grammar yet compiles to ordinary C+MPI. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated benchmarks are able to preserve the run-time behavior of the original applications. This ability to automatically generate performance-accurate benchmarks from parallel applications is novel and without any precedence, to our knowledge.


This paper analyses different VLSI architectures for 3GPP LTE/LTE-advanced turbo decoders for trade-offs in terms of throughput and area requirement. Data flow graphs for standard SISO MAP (maximum a posteriori) turbo decoder, SW – SISO MAP turbo decoder, PW SISO MAP turbo decoder have been presented, thus analysing their performance. Two variants of quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP) interleaver have been proposed which tend to simplify the complexity of 'mod' operator implementation and provide best compromise between area, delay and power dissipation. Implementation of decoder using one variant of QPP interleaver has also been discussed. A novel approach for area optimisation has been proposed to reduce required number of interleavers for parallel window turbo decoder. Multi-port memory has also been used for parallel turbo decoder. To increase the throughput without any effective increase in area complexity, circuit-level pipelining and retiming have been used. Proposed architectures have been synthesised using Synopsys Design Compiler using 45-nm CMOS technology.


Objective To evaluate the effect of community-based intervention on mental disorders in a comunity.Methods These 336 cases of mental disorders diagnosed in a community of Foshan city in July 1998 were given the community-based intervention,such as pharmacotherapy,psychotherapy,labour treatment and nursing.After 3-years intervention,315 cases finished that course.Their clinical features,working capacity and quality of life before and after the intervention were compared.Results After the intervention,there were more patients took the recuperative measure,from 63.2% increased to 99.7%,P0.01.The remission rate was increased from 18.1% to 43.2%,P0.01.The patients' working capacity were increased,that ratio of full and half working capacity was increased from 13.0% to 33.0%,P0.01.The scores of quality of life measured by COOP/WONCA,QL-index and KPS were markedly higher than before,P0.01.Conclusion The community-based interventions for the mental disorders may significantly improve both their health status and quality of life.


Etiology of Oral Cancer Elsy-Britt Schildt, M.D., Department of Oncology, University Hospital, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. Oral cancer is a disease with increasing incidence in most West European countries. In Sweden in 1995, intraoral cancer accounted for 1.4% and 0.8% of malignant tumours among men and women respectively. The disease has a bad prognosis and approximately half of the patients will die of their disease. The aim of this investigation was to focus on the relationship between oral cancer and a suite of potential risk factors. The prime focus was to investigate the risk of snuff use but smoking to bacco, alcohol consumption, infections, dental factors, dental X-ray, iron deficiency, occupations and occupational exposures were also studied using the case-control design. The study was con ducted in Northern Sweden and encompassed 410 cases and as many controls. Furthermore, two molecular epidemiological studies were done regarding the relationship between exposure factors and certain biological parameters of tumours. The use of oral snuff is an increasingly common habit in Sweden. Contrary to previous American studies of cancer risk from oral snuff use, this study showed no elevated risk for oral cancer. Smoking was an important risk factor for oral cancer, but this was restricted to current smokers. Alcohol consumption showed a clear dose-response relationship to oral cancer, and the combina tion with smoking increased the risk further. Moreover, the case-control study strongly indicated recurrent HSV-1 infections as an independent causative factor in oral cancer, particularly when the infection was on the lip. Dental factors like different kinds of fillings, fixed prosthesis or removable dentures were not associated with in creased risks, nor were dental X-rays. Pulp industry workers and wood or wood product workers were found to have increased risk for oral cancer. Smoking and alcohol in addition increased the risk. Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids indicated an increased risk. Oral infections, and HSV-1 infections in particular, were associated with an increased risk for oral cancer in patients with p53 positive tumours as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, this relation was not found in patients with p53 mutated tumours confirmed by PCR techniques. This suggests that HSV-1 infection, directly or indirectly, can inactivate p53 function by binding of wild type protein. No association between smoking and p53 positive tu mours was found. A new non-random deletion in exon 8 in oral squamous cell carcinoma was found. The cause and clinical significance of this new 14 base pair deletion is unknown. Eighty percent of the patients with the deletion were women. No correlation was found for the deletion group with the known risk factors for oral cancer such as smoking.


This paper proposes a load sharing technique to increase the throughput and speed of firewall. A accelerator which cooperates with the firewall will greatly reduce the number of the packets to be feed to the firewall. We ' also build a prototype system based on Linux and validates it in the experiment network.


Oxidation of 2-ethylthioindoles (1) with three molar equivalents of hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid yielded the sulphones (6a, b, and d), the 3-ethylsulphonylindolin-2-ones (7a, b, and d), and the 3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones (8b and d); the sulphoxides (5a, b, d, and e) were the main products with one molar equivalent of hydrogen peroxide. Compounds (7) and (8) were also obtained by oxidation of 2-ethylsulphonylindoles (6) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, indicating that oxidative migration of the ethylsulphonyl group was occurring.


Power MOSFETs are used as a switching device in half or full bridge dc-ac converter circuits. In such application, MOSFETs require a gate drive circuit to translate the on/off signals from an analog or digital controller into the power signals necessary to control the MOSFET. To design gate drive circuits, the study of the device (MOSFET) circuit models and the turn-on and turn-off characteristics of the MOSFET are required. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a systematic approach to design gate drive circuits suitable for such applications. A low cost and reliable MOSFET gate driver is developed for bridge configuration.


Analysis and numerical estimation of electromagnetic and thermal processes in the induction heating system with a flat circular multiturn solenoid is carried out. The calculated dependences for the current and the transformation ratio is obtained. The maximum ratio of transformations and heating time is determined.


The effect of weak modulated infrared radiation on the indices of heart rate variability for children with localized forms of pulmonary tuberculosis during the standard medical treatment was studied.


The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the impact of globalization on actor stratégies and institutions. The particular focus is on employers and their préférences with regard to collective bargaining structures. The combination of new économie realities and changes in organizational and state stratégies has led employers in many countries to decentralize bargaining structures. However, there are exceptions and that is why this thesis examines a case of sustained coordinated bargaining structures. Drawing on differentiation as opposed to convergence thèses as well as récent developments in neo-institutionalist théories, the thesis constructs an analytical framework incorporating four types of factors (économie, organisational, institutional and stratégie) likely to modify employer préférences with regard to the bargaining structures. The thesis présents the results of a study conducted with employers from the Québec men's clothing industry, where coordinated bargaining still prevails. Since the particular configuration of a bargaining structure is largely explained by certain historical factors, we hâve applied our analytical framework to three distinct phases in the history of the industry: first, the implementation of the coordinated bargaining régime (1875-1934); second, a long phase of institutional continuity where the régime was maintained (1934-1990); finally, the contemporary phase in which the survival of this coordinated bargaining régime appears uncertain. This study is based on a qualitative methodology and, more particularly, on an adaptation of grounded theory. On the basis of interviews with company CEOs and senior managers, union and government représentatives as well as documentary analysis, we identify or infer the factors that hâve influenced the propensity of employers to pursue coordinated bargaining in each of the three historical phases investigated. In empirical terms, even though there are tensions observed in the interaction between the différent types of factor mobilized in the analytical framework, we observed a willingness to pursue coordinated bargaining. There were growing pressures on employer coordination iii because of economical and organizational factors but institutional and stratégie factors mitigated thèse pressures allowing for the coordinated structure to be sustained. In theoretical terms, our results show that globalization is a process that signifïcantly influences the aetors but is not over-determinant as regards bargaining structure choices. Différent stratégies may be pursued in regards to preferred bargaining structures but they must offer a degree of cohérence with the prevailing institutional context. While historical factors certainly affect the évaluation of the costs and benefïts for différent types of bargaining structure, aetors maintain a margin of manoeuvre to pursue institutional change.


A new supramolecular system, liquid-crystalline polyrotaxane (LCPR), has been recently prepared by introduction of 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) groups to the cyclic molecules of a polyrotaxane (PR) consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD). Here we measured and compared the dielectric relaxations of PR and LCPR in solid state to investigate molecular motions of α-CD in PR and LCPR. It was found that PR exhibited a single relaxation mode while LCPR had two modes. These results suggested that the relaxation mode in PR would be due to the sliding fluctuation of α-CD along the axis chain and that the other mode in LCPR should arise from the rotational fluctuation of α-CD modified by 5CB.


The selective adsorption of caffeine from aqueous solutions onto the surface of carbonaceous materials can be monitored calorimetrically. The study of carbon blacks and active carbons shows that the proportionality factor is h i = - 112 ± 15 mJ/m 2 . The method leads to the total surface area of carbonaceous materials with pores wider than 0.6 - 0.7 nm. It is also shown that the surface area derived from CO 2 adsorption is in good agreement with the value of the micropore surface area.


Introduction: Dermoid cysts are common developmental anomalies occurring along embryonic fusion lines. Occurrence of this in inguinal region is rare and imposes diagnostic challenge as it masquerades hernia. Case Report: A 48yearold male patient presented with irreducible left inguinal hernia. Exploration of the left inguinal canal revealed a cyst (10x7 cm) in the floor of the inguinal canal separated from the cord structures. The cyst was opened and foul smelling muddy paste like material along with a few hairs came out. Cyst was completely excised. The histopathology was consistent with a dermoid cyst. The patient is doing well at one year followup. Conclusion: Inguinal dermoid cyst mimicking irreducible hernia is rare but possible entity. If such cyst is encountered during hernia operation, complete excision is to be contemplated.


1Notes appear on page 16 Software-defined radio is quickly transforming the communications field. Softwaredefined radio uses software to perform functions such as modulation, demodulation and filtering, all in the digital realm. The advantage to this is that it allows for systems to be built with fewer components than a traditional analog radio architecture, and it allows for an incredible amount of flexibility within the system, even after it has already been produced. There are several common approaches to implementing a software-defined system. One way that most hams may be familiar with can be done on a computer and converted to or from the analog realm through either a sound card or a peripheral such as a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. It is also possible to do the processing on a programmable chip such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or through the use of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), microprocessors, or DSP chips. In this article I would like to present an example of a project that creates waveforms by using only two components: an FPGA and a video digital to analog converter (DAC). This article will also present an introduction to spread spectrum (SS) systems, which are not commonly seen on the amateur bands.


This educational research aims to study the relationship among the working memory, learning strategies and academic performance of fifth graders in Elementary School. In order to accomplish this, on the one hand, the required tests were applied to 36 students with ages ranging between ten and eleven to measure their working memory and learning strategies. In addition, the students' qualifications were taken into account to assess their academic performance. The results show that there is a positive correlation between some strategies and the working memory, as well as a relationship between each of these varia-bles and the academic performance. Thus, these results highlight the importance of teach-ing strategies to students. For this reason, at the end of this project, an intervention plan on learning strategies and study techniques is proposed, which includes a new web site created for teachers, students and families in order to deal with this issue.


Educators are increasingly challenged to offer students access to, and depth of instruction on, complex digital technologies in their degree offerings. Although these courses already exist, significant challenges remain for educators to offer cutting-edge online instruction in educational technology programs in ways that have real-life relevance for students. Students are often asked to turn to independent learning through online video tutorials and other resources to close the technology learning gaps that exist within these programs. This chapter explores how a curriculum that prioritizes significant learning through the application of project-based learning and design-based thinking can be used to teach online instructional technology courses. Included are examples from courses in mobile learning, game-based learning, and instructional systems design to illustrate these approaches. Complexities associated with this process are highlighted and strategies are suggested to help instructors create learning experiences that are challenging and professionally relevant to students.


'Practising Landscape 2 - Loch Ossian' was a practice-led, action-research project undertaken by members of the Reading Landscape Research Group in March 2018 as a continuation of the group's first "practicing landscape" trip which took the group to the Cairngorms, Aberdeen, Helmsdale and Orkney. This second fieldwork component was organised and facilitated by Lesley Punton to enable the group to further engage with planning and developing the groups aims, to further conversation and dialogue around future projects, and to provide a supportive peer network to discuss research areas of interest.

The fieldwork methodology incorporated production of visual materials/new work, photography, documentation and further work on conference and exhibition planning. Related to the Research Group's pre-set key themes, members continued the conversation informally addressing research questions:

Q1 How do contemporary art practices engage with (and expand) the theme of Landscape and embodiment?
Q2 How can such practices work within the contested terms 'identity and remoteness' in relation to specific locations?
Q3 What is the role of contemporary art in relation to Ecology and sustainability within the Northern Hemisphere?
Q4 Which practical and creative frameworks are needed to develop and sustain interdisciplinary relationships between artists and other experts?
Q5 What cross-disciplinary practice-led methodologies might emerge in response to Landscape and physical layering of history?

The project's Primary Objectives on the field trip to Loch Ossian were to:

1) develop and plan the strategy for the group's forthcoming exhibition and conference
2) generate material for further research outputs (where relevant)
3) continue to provide a supportive peer network to share and discuss landscape based practices


CFAR detection in K-distributed clutter is addressed. First, we discuss the compound K-distribution model, correlated K-distribution model and the simulation of K-distributed clutter, and then summarize the methods of CFAR detection in K-distributed clutter.


The floating gate dosimeter is a new dosimeter whose performance can be improved by applying different techniques at sensor design and at readout level. This work is focused on the active sensor part and it extrapolates the key parameters influencing the sensitivity and the noise of the floating gate by means of real measurements and models. The measurements have been carried out on different type of structures and compared with two theoretical models presented in the literature.


Coefficient of exergy consumption (CEC) was proposed to characterize the irreversibility degree of irreversible process. The relationships of CEC with the efficiency of thermodynamic system and coefficient of performance of heat pump were developed. The comparisons of CEC with entropy production rate, entropy production number, entransy dissipation rate and entransy dissipation number were illustrated. The results reveal that CEC, entransy dissipation number and modified entropy production number have the same tendency for the irreversible process without power consumption, while entropy production number defined by Bejan falling in entropy production paradox. The reciprocal of CEC can be considered as the efficiency of heat transfer. Therefore, CEC is more universality and applicable to characterize the irreversibility degree of thermal power conversion, thermal conversion and heat transfer processes.


— Snapshots of BGP tables and updates have been studied in the past to understand the convergence time and global routing stability at the protocol level. However, very little has been done to carefully analyze the causes behind these BGP updates and their impact on traffic. We bridge the gap by presenting a systematic approach for correlating Internal BGP(I-BGP) updates with packet traces in a large-scale operational backbone. The I-BGP updates were collected from a route reflector in the backbone while the packet traces were collected from several OC-12 links at a Point-of-Presence(POP). We observe that continuous I-BGP noise (100-250 updates/minute) is present at all times but there are periods of high " churn " affecting a significant portion of the BGP table. We focus on the subset of updates that can potentially affect the traffic trajectory (e.g., Nex-thop change), and find that during churn periods, as few as 6% of these updates affect network prefixes that carry as much as 80% of the traffic. Preliminary analysis shows no discernible correlation between I-BGP churn and packet loss/reordering. We also discuss our initial effort to identify the possible sources of I-BGP updates including changes in network reachability, internal versus external BGP policies.


Aim: To detect the serum Hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV DNA) copies in patients with HBV infection and the serological markers. Methods: HBV DNA in 361 cases with different serological markers was quantified with Amplisensor Assay. HBV markers were detected by ELISA method.Results: HBV DNA positive rate in group of HBsAg+/HBeAg+/HBcAb+ was 98.67%. Its log copy was 4.94±1.04, significantly higher than that of other groups( P 0.01). The positive rates in groups of HBsAg+/HBeAb+/HBcAb+ and HBsAg+/HBcAb+ were still high (58.54% and 61.04%, respectively; log copy: 2.46±1.24 and 2.49±1.38, respectively), while some patients with HBsAg negative also had low HBV DNA copies. Conclusion: Serum HBV DNA copies are related to HBV markers. HBsAg negative and HBeAg negative may not mean the attenuation of virus amplification. Amplisensor analysis can provide another method for further diagnosis of the state of HBV amplification.


Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of carvedilol in patient with chronic congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods:The 90 CHF patients were randomly divided into carvedilol group(45 cases,treated with carvedilol of six months based routine therapy)and control group(45 cases,treated with routine therapy of six months).The indexes of heart function of two groups were compared.Results:Compared with control group the heart rate decreased,left ventricular ejection fraction increased,left ventricular end-systolic dimension,left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and ratio of cardiac-chest decreased(P0.05~0.01)in carvedilol group.The total effective rate of carvedilol group was 71%.Conclusion:Carvedilol treatment for CHF patients is effect and safe.


Abstract This is an introduction to "The New German Art History", which developed in (West) Germany from the 1970s onwards. David Craven presents an overview of the innovative phases of art historical practices, from the "ideological critique" of the 1970s to the "Warburg Renaissance" of the 1980s and the Bildwissenschaft (The Analysis of Visual Images) of the 1990s. Craven discusses key figures in German art history, including Martin Warnke, Berthold Hinz, Franz-Joachim Verspohl, Hans Belting, Gottfried Boehm, Horst Bredekamp and others.


Based on the actual situation of a university dormitory building, this paper uses CIBSE GUIDE D to evaluate its elevator system, conducts a quantitative analysis of the elevator selection and configuration of the building, and optimizes the elevator selection and configuration plan of the building to improve the level of building automation and intelligence.


The reaction mechanism of photochemical water oxidation catalyzed by Al(III)-porphyrins (AlTMPyP(OH)2) covalently adsorbed through one axial OH group coordination on the surface of TiO2 particle was investigated by time resolved nanosecond laser flash photolysis (NLFP). Three types of transient species with completely different absorption and decay characteristics were detected by means of NFLP、demonstrating that the photochemical production of H2O2 from water is initiated only by one-photon excitation of catalyst followed by stepwise two-electron conversion processes, providing a promising model for photochemical water oxidation. Upon laser flash excitation of AlTMPyP adsorbed on transparent TiO2 film leads to the formation of AlTMPyP(OH) radical cation through one-electron injection from the excited singlet state of catalyst to the conduction band of TiO2. The radical cation is subsequently deprotonated into AlTMPyP(O*), which further reacts with OH-/H2O to form a key intermediate, the radical anion of AlTMPyP(O-OH), having characteristic O-O bond at the axial position within a delay time of 2-3 µs. Thereafter the radical anion efficiently transfers second electron to TiO2 leading to the formation of AlTMPyP(O-OH) (~ 67 µs), which reacts further with OH-/H2O to liberate free hydrogen peroxide as an end-product with regeneration of the starting catalyst, AlTMPyP(OH), (~ 550 µs).


Laryngoceles are rare, cystic dilatation of saccule of ventricle of larynx. Three types are recognized –internal, external and mixed types. Many of the laryngoceles are asymptomatic; few require surgical excision via internal/endoscopic or external approach. Contrast CT is the investigation of choice. A 40year old male presented to our OPD with a neck Scar, later diagnosed as laryngocele. Here is the case report about presentation, diagnosis and management of a large mixed layngocele.


A simple, accurate and precise spectroscopic method was developed for simultaneous estimationof Cilnidipine and Valsartan in synthetic mixture using Simultaneous Equation Method. The absorbance was measured at 240.00nm for Cilnidipine and 250.00nm for Valsartan and calibration curves were plotted as absorbance versus concentration, respectively. The method was found to be linear (r2>0.999) in the range of 2–10μg/ml for Cilnidipine at 240.00nm. The linear correlation was obtained (r2>0.999) in the range of 16–80μg/ml for Valsartan at 250.00nm. The limit of determination (LOD) was 0.07 μg/ml and 0.266μg/ml for Cilnidipine and Valsartan respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.22μg/ml and 0.808μg/ml for Cilnidipine and Valsartan respectively. The accuracy of these method were evaluated by recovery studies and good recovery result were obtained greater than 99%.The method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of Cilnidipine and Valsartan in binary mixture.


In distillation involving flammable liquids, inert gases are used to prevent the formation of flammable or combustible gas mixtures by precluding oxygen from the equipment vapor space. In this study, a pilot‐scale distillation column for the separation of ethanol and water was used to directly measure pressure changes within the isolated column and within the inerting system during start‐up, steady‐state, and transient operation. Our results show the following: 1 Distillation column vacuum relief rates due to reboiler shutdown, as predicted by current literature sources, are conservative by a factor of 50 compared to measurements. 2 During steady‐state operation, the difference in solubility of the inert gas (N2) between the feed and distillate streams accounts for pressure changes in an isolated column. For ethanol and water, the nitrogen is more soluble in the distillate, resulting in a column vacuum. For an open system, this effect could result in air being drawn into the system, resulting in potential formation of combustible vapor mixtures. 3 A nitrogen balance model is presented to calculate the changes in column pressure during steady‐state column operation. The predictions are conservative by a factor of 2 to 5. 4 For transient operation, a simple model based on fraction‐al utilization of the condenser over‐predicts pressure changes resulting from reboiler steam duty changes to within about 30% of the measurements.


As technology becomes more sophisticated, the problems of appropriate function allocation, mode errors, and misuse of automation will continue to challenge system safety and efficiency. Addressing these problems will require the field of cognitive ergonomics to consider three important challenges. First, to understand the human implications of self-organizing, multi-agent automation may involve recognizing the unique monitoring and control requirements. While current research has studied how people control a small number (2-10) of agents, the future will likely introduce the challenge of supervising hundreds of agents. Multi-agent automation that consists of hundreds of loosely connected intelligent agents may exhibit powerful new adaptive behaviours that may be difficult for people to understand and manage. Secondly, to understand human interaction with increasing complex automation may require more comprehensive analysis and modelling techniques. Current analysis techniques such as analysis of variance, tend to rely upon static representations of the human-system interaction when dynamic representations are needed. Thirdly, understanding human interaction with this increasingly complex automation may benefit from reconsidering new constructs to explain behaviour. The constructs of the information processing approach may not be sufficient to explain reliance on multi-agent automation. Addressing the challenge of this new technology will require a theoretical understanding of human behaviour that goes beyond a task-based description of welldefined scenarios. Cognitive ergonomics must develop an understanding of the basic cognitive demands associated with managing multi-agent automation, tools that consider the dynamics of the interaction, and constructs that address the dynamic decision making that governs reliance.


A case is described of diverticula diagnosed preoperatively in a persisting urachus in an 81-year-old man with marked, but asymptomatic, diverticulosis of the bladder.The different forms of persisting urachus and their symptomatology are described, as is the treatment in the present case.


In the present study, we try to identify the structure of scientific collaboration networks in scientometrics by using bibliographic data of all papers published by Chinese scientometricians in the international journal Scientometrics retrieved from the Science Citation Index (SCI) of the years 1978–2007. The study is based on bibliographic data retrieved from the Web of Science. The data contains all types of documents published by Chinese scientometricians in Scientometrics during 1978 to 2007.Combined analysis of social network analysis (SNA) and cooccurrence analysis is explored to reveal: (1) The structure of the international collaboration network of Chinese scientometrics; (2) The major collaborative fields of the whole network and of different collaborative sub-networks; (3) The collaborative center of the collaboration network in Chinese scientometrics; (4) The difference of the structure of international collaborative networks between China and India.


The purpose of the study discussed in this article was to investigate the differential effects of service- learning experiences on students' sense of belonging based on students' social-class background. We utilized Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) survey data from eight large public research universities and propensity score matching to construct matched pairs of students who did (and did not) complete service-learning. The results suggest that service-learning courses had significant positive effects on lower/working-class students' sense of belonging but no effects on middle-/upper-class students' sense of belonging.


A main source of high carbon levels in silicon crystals grown from melt under reduced pressures and contained in silica crucibles supported by graphite retainer/susceptor was identified by thermodynamic analysis. The calculations were verified by experimental results and the carbon level is reduced by approximately 50% with the use of molybdenum retainers.


From the perspective of legal rights vulnerable of landless farmers,the concepts of landless farmers and legal rights were analyzed from the perspective of legal rights,the specific events and reasons of rights and interests damaged of vulnerable group landless peasants currently were analyzed.Thereby,the ways to protect the rights and interests of vulnerable group landless peasants were proposed to ensure "lose land but do not lose right" of landless peasants.


Introduction:COVID-19 pandemic has multiple ocular manifestations. We report 2 cases of central serous chorioretinopathy, following COVID19 infection.
Case Presentation: We diagnosed two middle aged patients with central serous chorioretinopathy one week post COVID-19 infection. Both
patients were admitted in COVID-19 ward. Case 1 was a male diabetic and required ventilator assisted respiration. Case 2 was a female patient with
no systemic diseases. Both patients were given intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone for 2 weeks followed by oral prednisolone. Case 1developed
CSCR in right eye while the other patient developed CSCR in both eyes.
Conclusion: The possibility of developing CSCR should be kept in mind by the treating physician in Covid 19 patients treated with steroids. Early
involvement of ophthalmologist can lead to timely and effective management of same


Abstract: The uptake of [3H]dopamine was studied in the C cells of chicken ultimobranchial gland (UBG). DA uptake appears to be an active and saturable mechanism (Km= 8.6 μM). The C cells' affinity for DA is intermediate between dopaminergic synaptosomes and such extraneural tissues as platelets and heart. UBG incubation with DA leads to the synthesis of a noticeable quantity of DOPAC, indirectly showing the presence of MAO activity. Thus UBG C cells, besides having both an embryological derivation from the neural crest and some morphological aspects similar to synaptosomes, also possess an active uptake mechanism for a central neurotransmitter.


In this article we focus on Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE) for the static parameters of hidden Markov models (HMMs). We will consider the case where one cannot or does not want to compute the conditional likelihood density of the observation given the hidden state because of increased computational complexity or analytical intractability. Instead we will assume that one may obtain samples from this conditional likelihood and hence use approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approximations of the original HMM. ABC approximations are biased, but the bias can be controlled to arbitrary precision via a parameter \epsilon>0; the bias typically goes to zero as \epsilon \searrow 0. We first establish that the bias in the log-likelihood and gradient of the log-likelihood of the ABC approximation, for a fixed batch of data, is no worse than \mathcal{O}(n\epsilon), n being the number of data; hence, for computational reasons, one might expect reasonable parameter estimates using such an ABC approximation. Turning to the computational problem of estimating $\theta$, we propose, using the ABC-sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm in Jasra et al. (2012), an approach based upon simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). Our method is investigated on two numerical examples


This paper provides a "rule of thumb" for estimating
the inflow of water into dambos and presents a simple
method for estimating an upper limit to the number of
treadle pumps that can safely be used on a dambo.


To prospectively evaluate an ultrasound‐based scoring system as a method for triaging asymptomatic women presenting with an adnexal mass for surgical treatment.


The present study investigates the role of salicylic acid (SA) in inducing plant tolerance to salinity. The application of 150, 300 and 450 ppm SA to rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis L.] plants via foliar spraying provided protection against 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl stress. SA treated plants had greater shoot and root dry weights compared to untreated plants when exposed to salt stress. At each salinity level, SA application at 300 ppm significantly increased shoots dry weight. Application of SA increased photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, mesophyll efficiency and water use efficiency in salt stressed plants. Transpiration rates were significantly lower in SA treated plants under saline stress conditions. SA application decreased electrolyte leakage compared to untreated plants. Beneficial effects of SA in saline conditions include sustaining the photosynthetic/transpiration activity and consequently growth, and may have contributed to the reduction or total avoidance of necrosis. SA, when used in appropriate concentrations, alleviates salinity stress without compromising the plants ability for growth under a favorable environment.


PARTITIONING OF SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. E.S. Steenstra 1,2 , Y. Fei 2 , S. Matveev 3 , J. Berndt 4 , S. Klemme 4 , W. van Westrenen 1 1 Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2 The Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Science, Washington D.C., USA 3 Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, the Netherlands 4 Institute of Mineralogy, Muenster University, Germany


Preterm birth is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome, but brain maturation in preterm infants is poorly characterized with standard methods. We evaluated white matter (WM) of infant brains at term‐equivalent age, as a function of gestational age at birth, using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


The thesis analyzes the present situation and questions of the utilization of sediment in Changsha section in Xiangjiang River based on the concepts and properties of natural resources. Besides,it studies sediment's natural properties such as availability,maneuverability and scarcity to illustrate it can become a kind of natural resources. Furthermore,it explores the possibility and necessity of the use of the sediment in the section to illustrate the sediment can become resource only if the social circumstance and relevant technology are mature. Lastly,the thesis put forward the suggestions and approches to transform the sediment to resource according to the actual situation of Changsha section in Xiangjiang River and other rivers' successful experience on this question such as Yellow River.


Over the past few years, Cybercrime has been increasing rapidly which gives a huge impact on the lives of the people especially the growing youth in the community. This study was conducted to determine the level of Cybercrime awareness among Senior High School students at Misamis University. This study uses quantitative research as its descriptive design. It has 253 respondents which are Senior High School students of Misamis University. Random sampling was used to identify the respondents from Grades 11 and 12 from the five (5) different strands namely: General Academic Strand (GAS), Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) and Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMMS). The adopted questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data regarding the students' awareness of Cybercrime. The findings of the study revealed that the level of Cybercrime awareness among the respondents was Very Aware, particularly in Cyberbullying, Cyberpornography, and Identity Theft. Therefore, the respondents are aware enough to avoid becoming a victim or from doing such acts of Cybercrime at all costs. On the other hand, circumstances may appear unexpectedly which is why we must be vigilant at all times to give guidance, safety, and security whenever they need it hence they have a good understanding of some types of cybercrime, such as cyberbullying, hacking, and phishing, but they have a limited understanding of other types, such as identity theft and online scams. Overall, this study provides insights into the level of awareness of cybercrime among senior high school students. The findings suggest that there is a need for increased or maintained education, information drive, and awareness-raising activities to help students develop a better understanding of the various forms of cybercrime and the risks associated with them. By enhancing the awareness of cybercrime among senior high school students, we can help them to use the internet more safely and responsibly, and protect them from falling victim to cybercrime. By implementing these recommendations, educators and policymakers can help senior high school students develop a better understanding of the risks associated with the use of technology, and equip them with the knowledge and skills to stay safe online.


Let n be a positive integer and αn be the arithmetic function which assigns the multiplicative order of an modulo n to every integer a coprime to n and vanishes elsewhere. Similarly, let βn assign the projective multiplicative order of a n modulo n to every integer a coprime to n and vanishes elsewhere. In this paper, we present a study of these two arithmetic functions. In particular, we prove that for positive integers n1 and n2 with the same square-free part, there exists a relationship between the functions αn1 and αn2 and between the functions βn1 and βn2 . This allows us to reduce the determination of αn and βn to the case where n is square-free. These arithmetic functions recently appeared in the context of an old problem of Molluzzo, and more precisely in the study of which arithmetic progressions yield a balanced Steinhaus triangle in Z/nZ for n odd.


Yet the most of the Anti-Fire Zones in Seoul have been designated in the early 1970s, the basic frameworks of the zoning have not been significantly modified ever since. The primary intent of the Anti-Fire Zone is to protect and prevent the urbanized area from the danger of the accidental burst of fires, and, for the purpose, the built structures in the zone are required to use nonflammable building materials especially in the major structural elements as well as the exterior walls. Such a requirement, nevertheless, has little practical sense these days taking into account the fact that, with a few exceptional cases, most of the buildings constructed in Seoul up to date are invariably built with the nonflammable materials. When considering the recent causes of fires as well as the problems in their extinguishment, the main target areas to be designated as the Anti-Fire Zone should be those that urgently need intensive rearrangement of the existing urban infrastructures such as the service roads, power cables, and the gas pipelines.


On the basis of a study of the activity of five sympathomimetic amines, Ahlquist in 1948 classified adrenoceptive receptors into two main types, which he designated alpha and beta. This classification has been vindicated by the development of drugs which specifically block the effects of stimulation of one type of receptor but not the other. Classical adrenergic blocking drugs such as phenoxybenzamine, dibenamine, phentolamine, tolazoline and dihydroergotamine block the effects of stimulation of alpha receptors but not beta receptors (Nickerson, 1949; Levy & Ahlquist, 1961 ; Moran & Perkins, 1961). These drugs are now described as adrenergic alpha receptor blocking agents. Recently several compounds have been described which block beta receptors but not alpha receptors. These, adrenergic beta receptor blocking agents, include dichloroisoprenaline (Powell & Slater, 1958), pronethalol (Black & Stevenson, 1962), INPEA (Teotino, Friz, Steis & Della Bella, 1963), H 13/57 (Corrodi, Persson, Carlsson & Roberts, 1963) propranolol (Black, Duncan & Shanks, 1965), MJ 1999 (Lish, Weikel & Dungan, 1965), I.C.I. 45763 (Kc 592) (Shanks, Wood, Dornhorst & Clark, 1966) and H 56/28 (Johnsson, Norrby, Solvell & Ablad, 1966). Structurally these compounds are closely related to each other and may be considered as derivatives of isoprenaline; in each case the side chain is identical with that of isoprenaline, or as in the last three compounds differs by the addition of an -OCH2 group. The blocking activity of these compounds is similar qualitatively, in that they block all beta receptors, but differs quantitatively. Another group of compounds, which block some but not all beta receptors, has recently emerged. These compounds include N-isopropylmethoxamine (Levy, 1964) which blocks beta receptors in the rat uterus; N tertiary butylmethoxamine (Levy, 1966a), and dimethyl isopropylmethoxamine (Levy, 1966b) which block beta receptors in the rat uterus, canine intestine and peripheral blood vessels. None of these compounds blocks the cardiac inotropic or chronotropic actions of catecholamines. Structurally these compounds are characterized by having a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon atom of the side chain. These observations suggest that beta receptors are not a homogenous group and may be capable of division into sub-groups. This hypothesis is further substantiated by the present paper in which


ABSTRACTGovernance has become a concept that includes more and more phenomena related to the steering of societal developments. The steering of developments had to be leftto societal actors and had to be accomplished through networks in which hierarchy hardly played a role. The term "good governance" is abused by using so many indicators that it becomes nearly impossible to achieve good governance. At the same time, many governments but are also locked in conflicts of interests between trying to do the right things and doing the urgently needed things right. It is not self-evident that improving governance will result in a reduction of the societal and managerial problems. The innovations may provide short term responses to serious governance deficits, but may not provide long term solutions to them. This article addresses trade-offs and dilemmas in citizens' responsibility for the development of policies were the basic right of each individual is respected while difficult choices can be made more democratically.Keywords: Good governance, democratic governance, government improvement, citizen rights.IntroductionThe goal of this first inaugural conference of AMEPPA was a very important one. As the conference site noted, AMEPPA's inaugural conference provided a welcoming venue for academics and practitioners to come together to explore how public policy and administration professionals can contribute to the region's transformation. The conference presented emerging ideas, new lessons from experience, and timely research findings to shape public policy and administration.As president of the International Association of Schools and Institutes in Administration, I would like to congratulate the organizers with this excellent initiative and to thank them for the opportunity to deliver the keynote speech. At the same time this possibility enforced me to be modest in what I can tell you. I have not been part in the courageous demonstrations which showed that governance in many parts of this region has not been good enough. The Arab spring yearned for better governance, if not good governance.The questions arising are what it is to have good governance, how to achieve that, and what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in such a pursuit. This presentation will address some of the challenges involved in such a pursuit. First I will define governance, which is not so easy given that a myriad of definitions can and have been given. The same goes inter alia for the prefix "good" in the combination "good governance". I will argue that Merilee Grindle was right when she concluded that striving for good governance as an ideal situation poses serious threats (Grindle, 2004).In one of her articles Grindle argues that the good governance agenda is unrealistically long and growing longer over time. Among the multitude of governance reforms that "must be done", there is little guidance about what's essential and what's not, what should come first and what should follow, what can be achieved in the short term and what can only be achieved over the longer term, what is feasible and what is not. If more attention is given to sorting out these questions, "good enough governance" may become a more realistic goal for many countries. Good enough governance is seen as governance that scores high on those factors that do matter for the reduction of societal problems, although it may fail on other indicators of good governance which are less relevant in a specific situation.It can be argued that the term "good governance" is abused by using so many indicators that it becomes nearly impossible to achieve good governance, or only possible if one neglects the societal effects of governmental actions. Grindle tells us that most of the good governance agenda is about what governments need to do to put their political, administrative, and financial houses in better order. At the same time, many governments (in countries lacking the financial and/or human resources) not only have low capacity to carry out such commitments, but are also locked in conflicts of interests between trying to do the right things and doing the urgently needed things right, that consume their energies and resources (Grindle, 2004: 539). …


Hydrological Sciences Journal has in recent years published Special Issues to provide state-of-the-art overviews of the subject areas of particular concern to the different Commissions and Committees of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). In 1996 the International Committee for Remote Sensing and Data Transmission (ICRSDT) assembled the first issue presenting current research in and operational applications of remote sensing technology in hydrology (edited by Al Rango & Jerry Ritchie). The International Commission on Water Resources Systems (ICWRS) was responsible for a Special Issue for August 1997 entitled Sustainable Development of Water Resources (edited by Slobodan Simonovic). This third Special Issue in the series has been coordinated by the International Committee on Atmosphere-Soil-Vegetation Relations (ICASVR). Events occurring in the border area of atmosphere, soil and vegetation are basic factors in shaping hydrological phenomena. The scientific study of this subject lies within the competence of various IAHS Commissions and Committees as well as other international scientific associations. However, hydrologists have recognized the importance of interdisciplinary coordination. The terms of reference of ICASVR are: (a) to promote the study of the physical and biological processes of water and energy fluxes within the atmosphere-soil-vegetation system; (b) to promote the study of the transport of chemicals within the atmosphere-soil-vegetation system; and (c) to promote the modelling of these processes at different time and space scales. Since its founding in 1987, ICASVR has been actively involved with the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO under project H-l-1 of IHP-IV "Water Transport through the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System". ICASVR continues to be involved in IHP-V, with continuing activities in two major areas: (a) global hydrological and geochemical processes; and (b) ecohydrological processes in the surficial environment. ICASVR organized a very successful symposium on "Hydrological Interactions between Atmosphere, Soil and papers from this workshop are to be published in a special issue of Water Resources Research. addressed "Scaling Issues in the Coupling of Hydrological and Atmospheric Models". Selected papers from that workshop will be published as a special issue of the Journal of Hydrology with the title "Land Surface Heterogeneity and Scaling in Hydrology" (Becker & Bloeschl, 1998). The second Rabat workshop convened by ICASVR, in collaboration with ICRSDT, was on "Monitoring and Modelling of Soil Moisture: Integration over Time and Space". The purpose of the workshop was to discuss methods for the assessment of soil moisture at watershed and regional scales, and in particular the way in …


The electrical characteristics of NAND flash memories with an asymmetric interpoly-dielectric (IPD) structure and a conventional IPD structure were simulated by using a technology computer-aided sentaurus simulation tool to enhance their device performance. The floating gate potential and the on-current level of the NAND memory devices with an asymmetric IPD structure were higher than those with a conventional IPD structure. The maximum electric field formed at the rounding boundary area of the floating gate and the blocking oxide layer in an asymmetric IPD structure was 34% smaller than that in a conventional IPD structure. The trapped charges in the floating gate layer of NAND flash memories with an asymmetric IPD structure increased owing to an increase in the saturation voltage during programming and erasing operation.


In order to establish sensitive diagnostic assays for the rapid detection of rabies virus, tests using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and non-radioactive dot hybridization were developed. Primers based on the conserved sequences of nucleoprotein (N) and matrix protein (M) genes of rabies virus genome were designed for the RT-PCR test. A 422 bp DNA fragment was amplified from a vaccine virus strain and subsequently confirmed to be a part of the M gene of rabies virus by sequencing. This gene fragment was cloned and further applied in the probe preparation for the establishment of a non-radioactive dot hybridization test. Digoxigenin-(DIG-) labeled sense and antisense RNA probes were generated using T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase by an in vitro transcription system. Strong positive hybridization signals were obtained by both sense and antisense probes when the nylon membranes were spotted with the total RNA extract from rabies vaccine. The sense RNA probe could detect with as little as 0.47 ng of the total RNA of rabies vaccine preparation. The results indicate that the M gene based RTPCR and the DIG-Iabeled hybridization tests developed in this study can be applied as sensitive tools for the diagnosis of rabies infection.


This paper discusses how to use the RFID technology to realize the life-time traceability of animals. In order to record movements of an animal, the authors adapt the electronic pedigree designed for drugs to animals, which acts as standard data elements and is transferred between partners. Then a CIS is proposed based on the methodology which ensures movements of the animal to be recorded correctly. Results in a case study show that the solution can facilitate the life-time traceability of animals. It is reliable, convenient to query, easy to understand and use, and compatible with existing information systems.


The tofu industry is one of food industry which the product of organic waste to environment pollution. One of alternative methode which used to overcome tofu industrial waste water pollution is adsorption methode using activated carbon from coffee waste. The aim of this researched is to know about the activated carbon from coffee waste quality which observe of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption, to know optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste to decrease ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industry waste water and to know decrease percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water using activated carbon from coffee waste. The activated carbon made by soaking of coffee waste in HCl 0.1 M solution for 2 days .  The activated carbon coaled in  muffle furnace  at temperature 350°C. The activated carbon analyzed consist of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption. Optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste determined in order to get optimum adsorption ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in tofu industrial waste water. Contact time variation are 1, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes and pH variation are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The result showed that the activated carbon from coffee waste fulfill the criteria SNI number 06-3730-1995. The activated carbon from coffee waste could be used to decrease the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water at the optimum contact of time of 30 minutes and pH 7. Decreasing percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water are 64,69% , 52,35% and 86,40% respectively


Differential dynamic microscopy is performed in diamond anvil cells to measure the viscosity of water along the 24 ° C isotherm to high pressure by the determination of the tracer diffusion coefficient of monodisperse silica spheres of known diameter and the application of the Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland equation. This technique allows liquid samples to be compressed to greater pressure prior to freezing than with other viscometry methods. The highest-pressure measurement was made at 1.67 GPa, considerably deeper into the supercompressed regime than previously reported. The effect of the isotopic composition is investigated with samples of normal water, heavy water, and partially deuterated water. When data below 0.25 GPa are excluded, a free volume model fits the observed viscosities well, yielding a theoretical glass transition density close to that observed in very-high-density amorphous ice. The improved fit above 0.25 GPa coincides with the loss of other anomalous behaviors in liquid water caused by hydrogen bonding and represents a transition to properties closer to those of a simple liquid.


Body sensor networks and implantable and ingestible medical devices energy efficiency is a substantial key factor in network lifetime and functionality. This work confronts the nodes' energy problem by establishing a unified energy consumption framework comprised of theoretical model, energy simulator model, and electronic metering modules that can be attached to the nodes. A theoretical analysis, a simulation procedure, and the design and development of three prototype electronic metering modules are presented in this paper. We discuss the accuracy of the proposed techniques, towards a unified framework for the a priori estimation of the energy consumption in commercial sensor nodes, taking into account the application functionality and the energy properties of the incorporated electronics. Moreover, body network nodes are considered for the application and the measurements of the proposed framework.


A use of the qualitative method of focused interview for research into the situation at industrial enterprises on the example of the Mogochino timber processing Works is considered. In the existing conditions of instability and uncertainty, the use of qualitative methods allows to understand deeper the causes of the present state of affairs, the so called real rules of the game and to reconstruct the social sparse.


This paper is mainly about the A.E.technique and its application in pressure vessels,tool wear test,the prediction of concrete crack and also in wood manufacture range.Especially,the application of the A.E.technique in the wood-drying process, the wood mechanic properties test and the wood machining were introduced.


Sensory conflict is the prevalent theoretical explanation for space adaptation syndrome. This ultrastructural study tests the hypothesis that peripheral gravity sensors (maculae) play a role. Results were obtained from the medial part of utricular maculae of adult rats exposed to microgravity for 14 days, and from controls. Means and statistical significance of synapse counts were calculated using SUPERANOVA(Trademark) and Scheffe's procedure for post-hoc comparisons. Preliminary findings are from 2 sets of 100 serial sections for each dataset. Synapses were doubled numerically in type II hair cells of utricular maculae collected on day 13 inflight compared to controls (11.4 +/- 7.1 vs. 5.3 +/- 3.8; p < 0.0001). Flight mean synaptic number declined rapidly postflight and became comparable to means of controls. Synapses also increased numerically in type I cells inflight (2.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.0; p < 0.0341). Postflight there were no significant differences in counts. Results concerning shifts in ribbon type and distribution are also largely replicating previous findings from flight studies. Results indicate that mammalian maculae are adaptive endorgans that retain the property of synaptic plasticity into the adult stage. Macular plasticity has clinical implications for balance disorders of peripheral origin.


Background: After March 2020, with the first case of novel coronavirus, Turkish health care system switched to state of emergency to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to control the pandemic, a scientific committee was established, guidelines were prepared, and filiation/contact tracing studies were started. Field investigation and isolation teams were established, and District Health Directorates (DHD) became frontline primary care organizations to manage contact tracing in Turkey. Case presentation: In this report, pandemic management and contact tracing were evaluated in example of Kartal DHD from Istanbul, Turkey. The report contains the details about the planning process, Kartal DHD Pandemic Management priorities, aim and planning of this policy, coordination and cooperation with other institutes to overcome this extraordinary state. Also, evaluation of the contact tracing and telemedicine usage in the pandemic management is examined as well with future implications. Conclusions: From the SWOT analysis to planning process, this report attempts to describe how this state of emergency was managed and how effective the contact tracing management process was. With its detailed key points of the pandemic management and future perspectives, it has been written in terms of preparation for the future pandemics.


Artist of great resources, always appreciated and cited with praise, Claudio Coello (1642-1693) is undoubtedly the great figure of Spanish painting in the second half of the seventeenth century. In this article a group of drawings preserved in the Madrid Casa de la Moneda (Mint) and the Uffizi in Florence are attributed to the painter. Some of them are preparatory studies for secure works. Likewise presented are two unpublished paintings, one of them a splendid portrait of a member of a religious order.


To achieve coordination in a multi-robot system, the robots typically resort to some form of communication among each other. In most of the multi-robot coordination frameworks, high-level coordination strategies are studied but 'how' the ground-level communication takes place, is assumed to be taken care of by another program. In this paper, we study the communication routing problem for large multi-robot systems where the robots have limited communication ranges. The objective is to send a message from a robot to another in the network, routed through a low number of other robots. To this end, we propose a communication model between any pair of robots using peer-to-peer radio communication. Our proposed model is generic to any type of message and guarantees a low hop routing between any pair of robots in this network. These help the robots to exchange large messages (e.g., multi-spectral images) in a short amount of time. Results show that our proposed approach easily scales up to 1000 robots while drastically reducing the space complexity for maintaining the network information.


Protonated rare gas clusters have previously been shown to display markably different structures compared to their pure, cationic counterparts. Here, we have performed high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements of protonated and pristine clusters of He containing up to 50 atoms. We identify notable differences between the magic numbers present in the two types of clusters, but in contrast to heavier rare gas clusters, neither the protonated nor pure clusters exhibit signs of icosahedral symmetries. These findings are discussed in light of results from heavier rare gases and previous theoretical work on protonated helium.


In the calibration of radio receivers and field-intensity meters, a radiating loop and a receiving loop under test are mainly located either in a coaxial or coplane to each other. A formula to obtain the average magnetic-field strength incident on a receiving loop is derived for the case where the radiating and receiving loop antennas have a certain deviation on a parallel plane from the coaxial or coplanar alignment of the loops. In order to expand the uniform region of the magnetic field around the test point, the distribution of the magnetic field is investigated by using this formula for some alignments where the four (or less) radiating loops and a receiving loop lie on parallel planes to each other. It is obvious that the uniform regions are improved by factors of about 10 or 16 by increasing a radiating loop to two or four loops, respectively.


This study compared the pattern of whey separation determined by siphon, drainage and centrifugation method in set yogurts as affected by solid contents (9% and 14%) and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing starter cultures. The level of whey separation determined by all three methods decreased as the total solids increased. There was a further decrease in whey separation in yogurts made using EPS-producing starter cultures as determined by the siphon method at both solid contents as compared with those made with non-EPS starter cultures. There was no difference in the level of whey separation as determined by the drainage method in products made at the same solids content (both 9% and 14%). A higher level of whey separation was observed in the product made using EPS starter cultures as determined by centrifugation method than that with non-EPS starter cultures at 9% solids. At 14% solids level, the values were higher in the product made by non-EPS starter cultures than that made with EPS starter cultures.


This research intended to study a vehicle detection method for traffic volume, speed, stoping, parking activity, etc. using real time image processing and to propose the more accurate, environment adaptive image processing algorithm. The new method was compared with an existing commercialized image processing system, 'A' Product, for performance reliability tests. Also, the new method improved and developed the comparative advantage image processing algorithm. With regard to the test results, the algorithm over-counted one more vehicle, while 'A' product missed four vehicles during the test period. The first test results were used to improve the performance of this algorithm, and it's performance was improved though the second test in various and complicated traffic environment to yield superior performance.


Introduction - county history, M.W. Greenslade architectural guides and inventories, A.P. Baggs Bedfordshire, Particia Croot Berkshire, Simon Townley Buckinghamshire, Diane Bolton Cambridgeshire, A.P.M. Wright Cheshire, A.T. Thacker Cornwall, John Walker Cumberland and Westmorland, Angus J.L. Winchester Derbyshire, Margaret O'Sullivan Devon, Joyce Youings Dorset, J.H. Bettey County Durham, Nigel J. Tringham Essex, W. Raymond Powell Gloucestershire and Bristol, Nicholas Herbert Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, Michael Hicks Herefordshire, Janet Cooper Hertfordshire, Lionel Munby Huntingdonshire, C.P. Lewis Kent, Nigel Yates Lancashire, Jenny Kermode Leicestershire and Rutland, Charles Phythian-Adams Lincolnshire, Christopher Sturman London, Caroline Barron, Vanessa Harding Middlesex, Timothy Baker Norfolk, Hassell Smith, Roger Virgoe Northamptonshire, Paul Stamper Northumberland, Jane Freeman Nottinghamshire, Adrian Henstock Oxfordshire, Alan Crossley Shropshire, G.C. Baugh Somerset, R.W. Dunning Staffordshire, M.W. Greenslade Suffolk, David Dymond Surrey, Beryl Board Sussex, T.P. Hudson Warwickshire, Christopher Day Wiltshire, Ken Rogers, Douglas Crowley Worcestershire, D.C. Cox Yorkshire, G.C.F. Forster Yorkshire - the East Riding, G.H.R. Kent Yorkshire - the North Riding and the city of York, W.J. Sheils Yorkshire - the West Riding, G.C.F. Forster.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of TanshinoneⅡA on the cardiac content of aldosterone and the expression of genes related to aldosterone synthesis.METHODS 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats were divided into three groups,i.e.control group,hypertension group and TanshinoneⅡA group. The rats in TanshinoneⅡA group were given TanshinoneⅡA for 12 weeks. Radioimmunoassay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluated the cardiac content of aldosterone and the mRNA amount of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 related to aldosterone synthesis.RESULTS Compared with WKY rats,SHR exhibited higher content of aldosterone and mRNA level of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2(P0.01,P0.05 and P0.01).After treatment with TanshinoneⅡA,the cardiac content of aldosterone and mRNA level of CYP11B2 significantly decreased (P0.01,P0.05 and P0.01).The expression of CYP11B1 gene was similar in three groups.CONCLUSION The inhibition of left ventricular hypertrophy by TanshinoneⅡA might be contributed to its down-regulating effects on CYP11B2 gene expression and aldosterone synthesis.


An experimental study of integral thermal performance was conducted for a counter-flow spray humidifier on the basis of theory analyzing the mechanism of the heat and mass transferring inside the humidifier.The effecting rule of every measuring parameter to thethermal performance of the humidifier was obtained under different experimental conditions.Spontaneously the cooling number was calculated and its varying rule was also obtained.The results showed that with an increase in water-air mass ratio,there will be a corresponding increase in humid air temperature,temperature rise at the outlet of the humidifier and outlet water temperature,but decrease in cooling number.With same water-air mass ratio,the same results will be obtained.Under all experimental conditions the moist air at the humidifier outlet has very high relative humidity to nearly approach or attain the saturation.The system can benefit from decreasing in cooling number.However it is not the better the lower,it should be optimized.Figs 4,table 1 and refs 13.


Joanne Martin's Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain (2001) and Mats Alvesson's (2002) Understanding Organizational Culture are both commendable texts that aptly convey the significance of organizational culture research. Since the 1980s, research on organizational culture has increased and become more complex in terms of perspectives and approaches. Both authors can be praised for setting forth different frameworks to help readers understand these complexities.


There is increasing evidence that olfactory neurons can differentiate from the basal cells of the olfactory neuroepithelium in normal adult vertebrates (Nagahara, 1940; Andres, 1965; Thornhill, 1970; Takagi, 1971 ; Moulton, 1971 ; Graziadei, 1971, 1973 ; Graziadei et al ., 1971 ; Graziadei et al ., 1972). Autoradiography at both the light microscope and the transmission electron microscope levels using [H 3]thymidine has been used in our laboratory and we have positively identified the labeled cells as olfactory neurons (Graziadei et al ., 1971, and Graziadei, 1973) . It has been shown further that cutting of the olfactory nerve is followed by complete degeneration of all mature neurons in the olfactory mucosa (Graziadei, 1973) . This degeneration, which is complete in a period of 2 wk in frogs and follows a different time schedule in other animals, is followed by an outburst of mitoses in the basal cells which eventually differentiate into fully mature neurons (Graziadei, 1973) . The maturation of new neurons from basal cells occurs in frogs in a period of 6-8 wk after severing of the olfactory nerve. However, in mammals the process is more rapid and depends on many parameters such as the species of the animal, age, and environmental conditions (unpublished results) . The present experiments are concerned with the growth of axons from new olfactory neurons and the possibility that these axons cross the surgical gap resulting from the cut of the olfactory nerve and reach the olfactory bulb where they reestablish "normal' synaptic contacts within the glomeruli .


With the development of the undergraduate education of Chinese medicine nursing,people pay great expectations for the nursing undergraduates and hope they can truly embody the essence of Chinese nursing:"discerning patterns and instituting nursing"in clinical practices,and it is also the problem that Chinese medicine nursing educators care about.What kind of knowledge and ability must they grasp so that they can perform better in the further clinical practices and embody the characteristic of Chinese medicine nursing?And the author think:they would discern the patterns correctly on the premise of mastering the fundamental knowledge of Chinese medicine;they would make nursing plan on the base of following the principle of Chinese medicine nursing;and they would provide the patients best care on the base of grasping the nursing methods of Chinese medicine.


In this article, the flow and heat transfer for non‐Newtonian viscoelastic fluid in an axisymmetric channel with a porous wall is investigated. Convective boundary conditions have been used in the problem formulation. We obtain coupled, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations from the fundamental governing equations via appropriate similarity variables. The solution for velocity and temperature are computed by applying the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). The comparison between the results from the HWM, differential transform method, and numerical method are well in agreement which proves the capacity of HWM for solving such problems. The effects of Reynolds number and Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature are illustrated through graphs and tables for different values of an independent variable.


This paper investigates the potential for using the windowed variance of the received signal strength to select from a set of predetermined channel models for a wireless ranging or localization system. An 868 MHz based measurement system was used to characterize the received signal strength (RSS) of the off-body link formed between two wireless nodes attached to either side of a human thorax and six base stations situated in the local surroundings.


The secondary forest is the main forest resources of the Xiaolong Mountains,one of the most important areas of secondary forest distribution in China,and sustainability of secondary forest has a direct relationship with the sustainable development of forestry in the Xiaolong Mountains.From the perspective of management,the secondary forest in Xiaolong Mountains can be divided into two kinds: mixture of coniferous broad-leaved forest accounting for 75%;mixture of oak and broad-leaved forest accounting for 25%.Management of secondary forest needs to be based on the operation system and support system.Comprehensive technical measures,such as tending(include thinning and selection cutting),reforming,planting,cutting and closure for regeneration.The main points of tending management included stand surveying,time for tending,approach of tending,intensity,determination of crop trees and cutting technique.The most important was to realize the transformation from secondary forest management to secondary forest development.


Interactive learning is considered a key element of communicative language teaching because most meaning is a product of negotiation as interlocutors attempt to communicate. In fact, current theories of communicative competence emphasizes the essentially interactive nature of communication. It is, however, often difficult for EFL teachers to select a textbook appropriate for students of various levels and interests. Although audio and video texts used in classes as a supporting material are efficient ways to provide authentic pronunciation and stimulus, teachers often experience inconvenience in editing or repeatedly getting access to important and relevant subjects or parts. Recent technology has made it possible for teachers to use listening materials interactively. The purpose of this study is to examine if interactive listening through the nonlinear use of materials contributes to improve comprehension of EFL students. After traditional and interactive listening are used, listening comprehension scores are compared between the two groups regarding students' listening scores of a proficiency test, a short-term and a long-term achievement test and students' interests levels. The implications for the findings are also discussed.


The ability to image atomic arrangements in small organic molecules via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers a promising avenue for structural determination. Yet, attempts to image small-molecule crystals [1-4] or individual small molecules [5-8] at or even near atomic-resolution have had limited success because of their weak electron scattering and extreme beam sensitivity. [9,10]. For example, the critical dose of organic molecules typically ranges from 0.5-1000 e-/Å2, several orders of magnitude lower than the doses required to image single carbon atoms in graphene [10]. As a result, developing new methods that can achieve high resolution at low dose is a key goal for enabling the study of small molecules and soft materials in the electron microscope. Here, we combine low-dose aberration-corrected annular dark-field scanning TEM (ADF-STEM) with advanced image processing methods from electron crystallography and single-particle analysis. We demonstrate that our approach can produce elementally sensitive images in atomically-thin 2D metallated porphyrin and phthalocyanine crystals with an effective resolution up to 1.3 Å – sufficient to distinguish individual carbon and nitrogen atoms. To our knowledge, this is the highest resolution image ever reported of an individual small organic molecule using electron microscopy. To begin, we apply low-dose ADF-STEM to three organic crystals- bilayer cobalt (II) (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (CoTMPP), monolayer zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), and monolayer chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (CuPcCl) on single-layer graphene support. Due to low-dose imaging constraints, the images of the molecules are dominated by a high level of noise. To extract the structural features from noisy frames, we locate, align and combine frames acquired from 102 – 105 individual molecules into a single averaged


Considerable stigma and discrimination is attached to HIV/AIDS in various parts of sub-Saharan Africa (and certainly throughout the world) in spite of high prevalence rates. Some of the blame for perpetuating such discrimination continues to fall upon organized religion (Christianity and Islam) which remains a central institution in many Africans lives and tends to advocate sexual conservatism. However little evidence exists to support the suggestion that religious ideologies breed discrimination and stigma about HIV/AIDS. Drawing upon Demographic and Health Survey data from six sub-Saharan countries with elevated seroprevalence rates we evaluate the effect of religious affiliation on different forms of AIDS discrimination paying close attention to possible confounding effects of ethnic group membership. In most analyses religious affiliation is unrelated to discrimination after accounting for ethnicity - a key predictor of discrimination. Where affiliation does remain significant Muslims and people who practice other non-Christian religious traditions tend to report more discriminatory attitudes. (authors)


We show that models of the Dirac gaugino can naturally be embedded into a kind of the grand unified theory (GUT), the grand gauge-Higgs unification (gGHU) model, with the gauge group SU(5)\times SU(5)/Z_2 on an S^1/Z_2 orbifold. The supersymmetric gGHU is known to posess a light chiral adjoint supermultiplet after the GUT breaking, thank to the exchange symmetry of two SU(5) groups. Identifying the `predicted' adjoint fermion with the Dirac partner of the gaugino, we argue that the supersoft term, responsible for the Dirac gaugino mass, can be obtained from the supersymmetric Chern-Simons (CS) like term in the gGHU setup. Although the latter term does not respect the exchange symmetry, we propose a novel way to introduce its breaking effect within a consistent orbifold construction. We also give a concrete setup of fermion field contents (bulk and boundary-localized fermions) that induce the requisite CS-like term, and calculate its coefficient from the bulk profile of chiral fermion zero modes. Our gGHU setup may be regarded as an extra-dimensional realization of the Goldstone gaugino scenario that was proposed before as a solution to the problem of the adjoint scalar masses.


Presentation of Case A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure. Two and a half months before admission an uncomplicated first pregnancy eventuated in the normal deli...


Abstract : The report describes the initial phase of an experimental program designed to assess the feasibility of simulating the thermal environment of a high-temperature nuclear fireball. A high-performance, explosively driven shock tube is used to produce temperatures from 10,000 K to 100,000 K in xenon gas. The Boltzmann number and optical depth in the gas are chosen to match the fireball environment. Radiative energy transfer dominates conductive and convective processes in a nuclear fireball (as measured by the Boltzmann number), so that it is possible to achieve fireball simulation with a gas other than air. Xenon was chosen for its thermodynamic compatibility with state-of-the-art explosively driven shock tubes. The fireball simulator is primarily useful in providing a definitive experimental test of prediction codes for fireball thermal effects, for obtaining data on the energy-transport properties of ablated surface materials, and for developing and testing fireball instrumentation concepts. (Author)


Aims  Mild cognitive deficits have been determined in both types of diabetes using neurocognitive tests. Little is known about the degree to which patients complain about their cognitive functioning. This study set out to investigate the magnitude and correlates of self‐reported cognitive failure in adult out‐patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.


Since the traditional weak component identification method cannot meet the development requirements of high reliability, long lifetime and complex products, a novel weak component identification method based on multi-source information is proposed in this paper. By carrying out product failure data statistics, reliability simulation analysis, reliability test and reliability analysis, the weak components during the product application, simulation process, test process and analysis process were determined. And these various information sources of the product were comprehensively utilized to identify the weak components of the product. Considering a certain type of integrated circuit equipment control system as an example to analyze the weak components, the identification results were found to be consistent with the actual results, which indicated that the method had good accuracy and effectiveness.


In this paper I analyze the circumstances that limit replacement of large companies by network organizations. It is noted that the network organizations themselves often have hierarchical qualities that is shown in subordination of partners in network. In particular, I investigate how the variability of the economic environment influences the rational balance of centralization and decentralization in coordination of economic activity. Dynamic qualities of the environment when comparing organizational structures at first are hold fixed, then — vary. It is shown that the decentralization is not the universal answer to the variability of the economic environment. However, the combination of elements of the hierarchical and network relations within large firms promotes their adaptation to the changing dynamic qualities of the environment. Such combination helps business diversification, transition to formation of new markets instead of adaptation to market conditions. As a result, I present organizational measures of the companies implementing the strategy of "the blue ocean".


AIM
Correlations between occlusion and posture are open to new perspectives, which include treatment of functional alterations traditionally approached separately. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the treatment of Class III malocclusion, through an innovative elastic functional orthopaedic device, allows an overall improvement of the podalic support.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 5½-year-old patient with Angle Class III malocclusion and c anterior ross bite in deciduous dentition has been treated for 7 years with a functional orthopaedic device (MSB Class III). Assessment of frontal and lateral postural plumb line was performed with stabilo-baro-podometric platform analysis, in order to record the podalic support discrepancy between feet, both in static phase and in dynamic phase. The patient has been posturally re-evaluated at nine and twelve years old.

RESULTS
The functional device allowed the restoration of the correct intermaxillary relationship, favourably conditioning also the posture. In particular, the correction of the valgus flat foot and a significative reduction of the podalic support discrepancy between feet has been obtained.

CONCLUSIONS
A global approach to the patient can successfully address both malocclusion and postural alterations.


The present study used a theoretical framework in which the function of the school is as an anchor point (Koizumi,2000;in Japanese)from which a partnership among family,school,and community is promoted, and in which teachers'anchor point activities are defined as an active role in providing opportunities for children to relate to others in their community. The purposes of the present study were to develop a scale to assess teachers'anchor point activities,to investigate the factor structure of the scale,and to identify relevant variables. Elementary school teachers( N =236) completed a self-rating questionnaire that includ-ed questions about their anchor point activities, their trust in the parents of their students and their neighborhood,and whether or not the area where their school was located was their hometown. Factor analysis yielded 3 factors of teachers'anchor point activities:encouraging children to make friends,uniting children with the neighborhood, and supporting children's safe lives. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the degree of teachers'sense of trust in the parents of their students or the neighbor-hood positively and significantly predicted the teachers'anchor point activities; these relations were moderated by the teachers'age or the historical relationship between the teachers and their school area (e. g.,whether the teachers originally came from that area). The findings were discussed in terms of situations in which teachers'anchor point activities were enhanced.


Objective:To odserve the effect of Zusanli acupoint injected with metoclopramide on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after the radical operation of carcinoma of esophagus,carcinoma of gastric cardia.Methods:There were 158 patients who were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group,in which both sides of Zusanli acupoints of the patients were injected with 10 mg metoclopramide at the second day after radical operation of carcinoma of esophagus,carcinoma of gastric cardia,once a day;the control group,which were treated with nothing.Patients were observed for the time of anus evacuating,defecation as well as the recovery of bowel tones.Results:The recovery of gastrointestinal function of the experimental group was faster than the control group's,(P0.05) ;the incidence of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome(1.3%) was lower than the control group's(5.1%).Conclusion:The injection of Zusanli acupoint with metoclopramide can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after the radical operation of carcinoma of esophagus,gastric cardia,and the incidence of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome will get lower.


To evaluate changes over 3 years in the thickness of inner retinal layers including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (mGCIPL), in individuals with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls; to determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to detect small degrees of neuroaxonal loss over time that correlate with changes in brain volume and disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).


(2003) Ann Intern Med 138, 593. Vijan S, Hayward RA. . Treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus: blood pressure goals, choice of agents, and setting priorities in diabetes care. . ; . : . –602 .

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 QUESTION: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, what are the optimal blood pressure (BP) goals and pharmaceutical agents to reduce risk of complications?

The Cochrane Collaboration Diabetes Group report was used to identify studies published before 1997. Recent studies were identified by searching Medline in May 2000 and again in April 2002. Bibliographies of meta-analyses and review articles were scrutinised, and experts in the field were contacted for further studies.

Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared an antihypertensive drug with placebo, the effects of different target BP levels, or the effects of different classes of drugs, and measured relevant clinical end points in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Data were extracted on sample size, interventions, …

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Researches in ergonomics are carried out on factors of work inducing a premature ageing or pathologies, with the purpose of designing or improving workplaces, devices and organisations less noxious for the health or more compatible with possible handicaps of operators. This paper concerns the seniors users of computerized devices.