Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) radio channel sounders commonly employ a time-division-multiplexing (TDM) technique to switch between transmit (TX) and receive (RX) antennas. The TDM-based switching enables very cost-effective solutions. Nevertheless, it can cause measurement errors due to phase noise in the local oscillators. In typical MIMO applications with a relatively small number of TX and RX antennas, the measurement cycle for a single snapshot of a MIMO radio channel is so short that independent or white Gaussian noise samples cannot be assumed. Indeed, the characteristics of the phase noise depend on the observing-time scale and the local oscillator design in the TX and the RX. In free-running systems, in which the local oscillators of the TX and the RX employ their own clocks, the properties of the phase noise have a strong dependence on the scale of the observing time. In particular, the short-term characteristics of the phase noise have not been considered in literature regarding MIMO measurements. In this paper, the characteristics of the short-term phase noise in time-switched MIMO radio channel measurements are disclosed. We show also that the Allan deviation, which commonly characterizes the frequency stability of the local oscillators, does not apply well to the short-term scale. Instead, an autoregressive model that is well suited for modeling of correlated noise is applied to characterize the short-term behavior of the phase noise. Finally, the effect of short-term phase noise on the estimation of MIMO channel capacity is analyzed. We also derive an upper bound for the ergodic channel capacity and show that it is dependent on the distribution of the largest eigenvalue of the noise covariance matrix. The results reveal that the effect of short-term phase noise always overestimates MIMO channel capacity.


Abstract : The long-term management of species at risk on military installations requires consideration of the direct and indirect effects of climate change. One of the direct effects will be change in the seasonal extents of home ranges of snakes, which can change the availability of food and their impact on prey animals. Therefore, forecasting differences in home range extents is useful for predicting changes in predator-prey relationships caused by climate change. This document describes a method for predicting home range sizes for the Eastern Indigo Snake, as a function of temperature and land cover. This approach could be used in future models developed to forecast population viability of snake populations and their prey.


1. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector 2. Measurement of tourism 3. Tourism demand 4. Tourism supply 5. Pricing and taxation in tourism 6. Competition and tourism destination 7. Forecasting tourism demand 8. Economic impact of tourism 9. Micro and macro evaluation of projects in the tourism and hospitality industry 10. Epilogue


Among the most original work of Kanak art are the engraved bamboos. Their entire surface covered with abstract and figurative etchings, they depict both the many aspects of Kanak life and the sudden arrival of French colonisation in 1853. The bamboos stopped being carved around 1917. Nevertheless, a number of contemporary Kanak artists have revived this traditional art form to transcribe their modern-day concerns. The Ethnographic Museum of Geneva which owns the world's second largest collection of Kanak engraved bamboos, organised an exhibition on this topic which was inaugurated in February 2008: Bambous kanak. Une passion de Marguerite Lobsiger-Dellenbach. In 2010, a closed collaboration with the musee de Nouvelle-Caledonie gave birth to a more elaborated exhibition on engraved bamboos: Entre-vues sur Bambous kanak, de Geneve a Noumea. The presentation of both exhibitions will be the occasion to analyse the concepts of dispersed heritage and of objects as ambassadors of Kanak culture.


The discussions made so far in the previous chapters bring out how philosophers, scientists and cognitive science researchers have made an attempt to provide a comprehensive theory for understanding the nature of consciousness. The first and foremost task was to introduce the notion of consciousness used differently by various philosophers and philosophical systems. It is important to know the meaning of the term 'consciousness' before one proceeds to understand its nature and function. In Western perspective, consciousness was used either in sense of self-consciousness or as phenomenal consciousness or as intentional consciousness, etc. Whereas in Indian philosophical systems, the term 'consciousness' is used synonymously with soul (as admitted by Jaina system) or as conscious spirit which is the subject of knowledge (as admitted by the Sā khya and Yoga system), etc. 1 All these various notions of consciousness were used by the philosophers and the different systems of philosophical thought.


Different weight percentage of ZnBr2 doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) free standing composite films were prepared using solution casting method. These films were characterized for analyzing structural, dielectric, electrochemical properties. This paper mainly focused to understand the contribution of physical phenomenon on conductivity in terms of dielectric parameters. FTIR spectrum confirms the interaction between ZnBr2 and PVA. Pseudo-capacitive behavior observed from cyclic voltammograms. Dielectric properties of the composites follow non-Debye type behavior. The conducting phenomenon occurs due to hopping of ions between coordination sites present in the composite and the segmental relaxation of polymer chain.


Using a two-country, general-equilibrium model of international trade, this paper incorporates pre-existing quantitative trade restrictions and international factor mobility into the transfer problem analysis. The effects of foreign aid on the welfare of both the donor and recipient nations are identified under each form of quantitative trade restriction: quotas and voluntary export restraints (VERs). In doing so, this paper identifies conditions under which international transfers are strictly Pareto-improving (i.e. increase global welfare). A central result of this analysis is the direct welfare effect of a transfer received by a nation with quota-constrained (VER-constrained) imports is enhanced (may be enhanced) by a worsening of the recipient's terms of trade. Copyright © 2006 The Author; Journal compilation © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


This thesis examines the juvenilia of the four Bronte siblings. It considers them primarily as readers, whose own work developed through their rewriting of the texts which they read. It proposes that, from 1829 onwards, a narrative about Percy Bysshe and Mary Shelley was available to the Bronte family through the periodicals and newspapers they had access to. It then shows how this narrative informed the writing of the juvenilia. To date, there has been no single, systematic exploration of a Shelleyean presence in the Brontes' work. This thesis brings together scholars' occasional and isolated recognitions of Shelleyean influences, alongside a wealth of new evidence, with the aim of demonstrating that the Brontes' engagement with the Shelleys was more pervasive and significant than has hitherto been realised, and that the Brontes' works should therefore be understood as having both a Shelleyean and also a specifically female literary heritage.
Considering examples of well-known textual borrowings in the juvenilia, such as those involving Napoleonic or Byronic narratives, I define a writing framework within which the Shelleys might be placed. This writing model involved borrowing from a source text to create a new work, where those borrowings might be structural, thematic or linguistic. Giving consideration also to wider Romantic writing practices, I explain how this practice of borrowing from, and responding to, certain Shelleyean narratives was intended to be recognised by the reader. Drawing on Helen Small's recognition of a slight linguistic parallel between Mary's The Last Man and Emily's Wuthering Heights, this thesis proposes that the work of all four siblings demonstrates linguistic and thematic similarities with that of the Shelley's published lives, as well as with elements of their work and poetry. As both readers and writers, the Brontes were, it is argued, fully a product of, and fully engaged with, the print culture of their time.


A description of a three-wire pyrometer circuit for measuring surface- temperatures of current-carrying objects is given. The circuit incorporates a voltage-dividing potentiometer in each of two similar (chromel) thermocouple circuits. An adjustable compensator eliminates error due to inaccurate placement of the thermocouple wires on the surface. Temperatures up to 1800 deg F were measured on tubes enclosed in a cylindrical shield with quartz windows. (C.J.G.)


In the Indonesian context, the political economy of Islam embodied in the form of government intervention, such as making the rules, get into the industry, initiating a movement, and others. Zakat , as a form of moral responsibility that is both ethical fardlu 'ain for every Muslim. If realized productively, it will be able to empower the social economy. Zakat is not merely consumptive consumable donations, but they can be used in the form of community development programs. Potential sources of Islamic philanthropy is Infak , Sadaqah and Waqf . It would be nice, if it is enabled philanthropy funds in the form of community empowerment through a million entrepreneurs, for example. More useful, and does not degrade Indonesia in the eyes of other nations. ZISWAF as a source of Islamic philanthropy should be utilized to achieve the welfare of the people. Government support in the form of political economy based on the principles of Islamic economics make progress and economic growth in the practice of Islam in Indonesia became rapidly.


According to the actual problems of the settlement calculation of the subgrade on the soft soil base,an experience method,commonly used in the highway engineering,is discussed.The influence of the embankment filling height,base treatment method,filling construction rate,and geology conditions on the settlement coefficient is analyzed;and calculation model of the comprehensive settlement coefficient is presented,which has instructive meaning to ensure the subgrade engineering qualities on the soft soil base.


Background Ventricle septal defect (VSD) is the most common type of congenital heart disease in children. If definitive therapy delayed, failure to thrive and developmental delays can lead to decreased quality of life. The options for VSD closure include surgical and minimally invasive procedures with transcatheterization. Although transcatheterization is considered to be the safest therapy, the risk of complications can lead to cancellation of procedure.
Objective To determine whether nutritional status, body height, VSD type and size, and type of device used were predictors of cancellation of transcatheter closure of VSD.
Methods A retrospective cohort study using medical records was performed for all children who underwent transcatheter closure of VSD at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Central Java, between January 2017 to March 2020. Cancellation of closure was defined as complications occurring during the procedure, such as cardiac conduction problems, valve regurgitation, and device embolization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine independent predictors of closure cancellation.
Results One hundred thirty-four children were enrolled. Independent variables that were significant predictors were doubly committed subarterial (DCSA) VSD type (OR 5.98; 95%CI 1.52 to 23.61; P=0.045), moderate VSD size (OR 15.59; 95%CI 4.67 to 52.06; P=0.001), and types of devices used: symmetric (OR 27.06; 95%CI 2.75 to 266.17; P=0.001), asymmetric (OR 16.46; 95%CI 2.15 to 210.0; P=0.001), and coil (OR 21.26; 95%CI 2.15 to 210.0; P=0.001). Taller body height was a protective factor against cancellation of the procedure (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.96 to 1.00; P=0.008).
Conclusion Significant predictors of cancellation of transcatheter VSD closure are DCSA VSD, moderate VSD size, as well as coil, symmetric, and asymmetric devices, and increased body height.


Difficulties with rhythm may be a major cause of lack of intelligibility or naturalness of non‐native speakers of English. Inappropriate timing of syllables contributes to the perceived rhythmic deficiencies of non‐native English. There is some evidence that non‐native speakers do not follow the system of the base work compressions which Lehiste (1972) reports for native English speakers. Preliminary data from Nelson (1982) indicates that native Indian speakers of English do not shorten base words when suffixes are added. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing of base words and their derivations by non‐native speakers of English. The subjects were seven university students from four different language backgrounds, Thai, Malayasian, Japanese, and Yoruba. Subjects were recorded saying four base words in isolation and with three different monosyllabic suffixes and two disyllabic suffixes added. The durations of the base words and their suffixes were measured from duplex oscillograms. For all...


Using MRI, the ratios of the anterior posterior (AP) lengths of the eyes versus the AP lengths of the corneae to the external occipital protuberances were found to decrease from 28 weeks of gestation onwards, while the ratios of the transverse diameters of the eyes versus the transverse diameters of the zygomatic bone to the nasal cavity increased till term. No further change in the ratios of the AP or transverse diameters was observed even till three years of age.


Introduction: Theological Method Part 1: The Presuppositions of Theology 1. The Presuppositions of All Empirical Sciences 2. The Pertinent Results of Other Sciences 3. Human Free Agency 4. The Possibility of Immortality 5. The Fact of Sin, with its Evil Consequences 6. The Presupposition Peculiar to Theology: The Existence of God Part 2: The Empirical Data and Laws of Theology 7. Revelation in General 8. Revelation in the Person of Christ 9. Revelation in the Work of Christ 10. Revelation in the Christian Experience of Salvation 11. The Laws of Empirical Theology Part 3: Theological Theory 12. The Moral Attributes of God, and the Revelation of God to Men 13. The Metaphysical Attributes of God 14. The Relation of God to the Universe 15. Eschatological Deductions 16. The Problem of Evil (Theodicy)


The state of South Carolina (SC) has experienced a large number of fatalities and injuries resulting from run off the road tree related crashes. According to 2008 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data tree related fixed object fatal crashes in SC (65%) are more than double that of the national (25.8%). Thus, trees are much bigger proportion of all roadside hazards in SC than nationally. An in depth study was performed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess factors contributing to tree related crashes in SC and determine potential countermeasures to increase the roadside safety. Researchers used a rotating laser measurement system to obtain data on roadside slopes and fixed object hazards. Using regression tree the analysis revealed that tree related crashes in SC were predominantly related to young male drivers, secondary roads, and speeding. A large portion of fatal crashes involved young male drivers speeding under the influence of alcohol/drugs during poor visibility conditions. An analysis of clear zone adequacy revealed that the majority of sites did not meet minimum clear zone requirements indicating, if a tree-crash pattern exists, then it is likely that minimum clear zones are not met.


This paper describes some aspects of the mathematical modeling and the experimental study of the magnet-free synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) of IE5 efficiency class (rated power is 750 W, rated speed is 3000 rpm, rated efficiency is 89.5%). The proposed mathematical model allows minimizing the number of the boundary problems which is to be solved and allows calculating power, losses, torque waveform etc. Also the results of experimental comparison of the IE5 magnet-free SynRM prototype and the serially produced magnet-free SynRM of IE4 efficiency class (rated power is 750 W, rated speed is 3000 rpm, rated efficiency is 85.6%) are presented.


Vocabulary is the foundation of languages,which explains why vocabulary memorization is difficult for language learners.This article conducts a case study of vocabulary memorizing through roots and affixes in college English class.Theoretical exploration and teaching experiment both testify its effectiveness,but at the same time this teaching experiment reveals some problems worthy of our attention.


We experimentally and numerically analyze the charge transfer THz plasmons using an asymmetric plasmonic assembly of metallic V-shaped blocks. The asymmetric design of the blocks allows for the excitation of classical dipolar and multipolar modes due to the capacitive coupling. Introducing a conductive microdisk between the blocks, we facilitated the excitation of the charge transfer plasmons and studied their characteristics along with the capacitive coupling by varying the size of the disk.


The flow of globalization not only affects people's attitudes, but also affects the development of science, technology development, and also affects changes in the social values ??of society. The value system referred to here is, in the past, in classical times, many people had a tendency to fight over inheritance, now the more prosperous people are, changing that perception. Some people today actually give inheritance to be waqf or even given to heirs who take care of their parents because the heirs who take care of their parents need it more or they find it more difficult to take care of their parents, so that in the view of other heirs, the heirs who care for Parents are more entitled to all inheritance. Giving inheritance to heirs who take care of parents seems contrary to the provisions of the Qur'anic verse which stipulates that inheritance must be divided according to the division determined by the Qur'an or determined by hadith. In this study, the researcher tries to re-examine the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about inheritance verses by using a normative descriptive methodology and using a hermeneutic approach as a model of interpretation. This research is expected to be able to contribute to the thoughts of Islamic law which continue to experience changes both in the pattern of goals and or socioculture, especially the law that discusses al Mu'amalah al Insaniah.


Anatomical studies on the visual system of the mole (Talpa europaea) using degeneration techniques, show that the distribution of optic fibres is reduced compared with hedgehog and other mammals. In five of the six moles studied, degeneration after eye removal was found in only the pretectal region and the ventral lateral geniculate body. A behavioural study shows that moles can respond to some visual stimuli and learn a light-dark discrimination.


1. A system for supplying gas, in particular for feeding methane or hydrogen to an internal combustion engine, comprising:! a plurality of injectors (1) with electromagnetic control, connected to the various cylinders of the engine; ! a gas distribution manifold or rail (2) connected to the injectors (1); ! a container (3) for supplying gas to the distribution manifold (2), wherein the pressurized gas is accumulated; and! a pressure reducing valve (7) located in the connection between container (3) and the distribution manifold (2); ! while the pressure reducing valve comprises! an inlet connected with the container (3) and an outlet connected to the distribution manifold (2) and the auxiliary inlet; and! valve means (9, 16, 17, 20, 21) adapted to determine a decrease in gas pressure in the channel from the inlet to the outlet, the pressure reduction depends on the pressure signal supplied to the auxiliary inlet! wherein the system further comprises a control solenoid valve (25) for supplying the signal pressure in the auxiliary inlet port, wherein the regulating valve comprises a solenoid! an inlet connected to the fuel tank (3); ! an outlet connected to said auxiliary inlet pressure reducing valve (7) as well as with the distribution manifold (2); ! a solenoid for controlling a movable armature, which controls the connection between the inlet and the outlet of the modulating solenoid valve (25) for providing a predetermined gas pressure reduction in the channel from the inlet


An extremely developing area of application systems science is defined by brain programming interface technology. In health fields, its contributions range from treatment to synaptic healing for severe injuries. The special fingerprint of mind reading and remote contact in several areas, such as education, self-regulation, manufacturing, marketing, protection, entertainment, and games. It induces shared trust between consumers and systems around them. Deep learning has already received mainstream recognition and has been used in numerous applications, like natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and voice. For MI EEG signal classification, however, deep learning has seldom been used. This paper highlights the fields of application that could advantage from brain waves in promoting or attaining their objectives. We also answer big usableness and technological problems facing the use of brain signals in different BCI device components. Various solutions aimed at minimizing and reducing their effects have also been studied. The popular spatial pattern (CSP) approach, which is generally utilized, is applied to extract variance-based CSP functions, that are then fed for classification to DNN. DNN practice has been thoroughly studied for classification of MI-BCI and best framework found has been explored.


The paper presents various problems considered in sociology with reference to the youth as a social and demographic group. Priority areas in the study of the plans and expectations of rural youth as a representative of the university community were identified. The aim of the study was to determine the factors of successful adaptation of rural youth to the modern academic setting. The authors used several sociological methods and techniques such as statistical data analysis, analysis of documents, secondary analysis of sociological research materials, and online survey of the population. The results of the study revealed that adaptation to the academic and urban environment is the most difficult stage for rural youth. The most common problems faced by natives of rural areas in the process of studying at the university are material, financial, and informational problems. The ability to adapt and overcome difficulties, make correct and effective decisions independently, and realize oneself in the urban space is the most important success factor for a young person who is a native of a rural area. Analysis of regulatory legal acts at the regional level allowed to conclude that the legislative framework to support students has been developed, but not sufficiently applied. The paper presents a list of practical recommendations for municipal governments and university administrators to reduce the adaptation burden during the study period and "return" young professionals to rural areas.


Taking the example of ganshiqiao sewage treatment station,introduced the biofilter treatment technology process.Provideed guidance on the meaning of sewage treatment stations.


One important class of low-k materials used as interconnect dielectrics employs methyl groups added to nanoporous SiO2 matrices. These carbon-doped oxide materials are known to be susceptible to damage from plasma species during various stages of plasma processing. Two key active species generated in O2 plasma are oxygen (O) radicals and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photons. These species are known to cause carbon loss, resulting in damaging increases in dielectric constant throughout the film. However, the mechanisms through which this damage is incurred are poorly understood. By capping the substrate in different ways during plasma exposure, it is possible to expose films to either photons alone or O atoms alone. The authors report measurements of damage induced by VUV photons only, O radicals only, and the combination of O radicals and photons. Through HF stripping, they note that carbon extraction from photons and from radicals yields different outcomes; the profile of carbon concentration within the modi...


To do school assignments, be quiet and hand in assignments on time: : A study on pupils´ responsibility in high modernity


[The contents of this paper are to be distributed across the other contributing sections. This is reflected in the layout of the document, organised to facilitate editing, possibly at the expense of flow and consistency. More attention is given to case studies (possibly for boxes) relevant to key themes of background papers, avoiding the re-introduction of baseline contexts as would be expected in a standalone paper. Examples are indicative rather than exhaustive and full referencing and further case studies at different scales can be provided, if need be.]


A simple filter is shown to closely approximate the procedure used to compute the "Allan variance," an often used measure of the short term frequency stability of oscillators. This modified Allan variance is obtained by measuring the rms value of the instantaneous frequency waveform after filtering. Some advantages of the modified Allan variance include ease of implementation for short averaging times and better behavior when the instabilities include periodic components. The effect of the bandwidth of the measuring process on the minimum usable averaging time is also discussed.


There often exist multiple corpora for the same natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, such corpora are generally used independently due to distinctions in annotation standards. For the purpose of full use of readily available human annotations, it is significant to simultaneously utilize multiple corpora of different annotation standards. In this paper, we focus on the challenge of constituent syntactic parsing with treebanks of different annotations and propose a collaborative decoding (or co-decoding) approach to improve parsing accuracy by leveraging bracket structure consensus between multiple parsing decoders trained on individual treebanks. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, especially on long sentences.


This article analyses the ego-documentary narratives authored by writers of the younger generation of the literature of the first wave of the Russian emigration. Writers like I. Odoevtseva (On the Banks of the Neva and On the Banks of the Seine), G. Kuznetsova (Grasse Diary), and N. Berberova (Italics Are Mine: Autobiography) turned out to be united by a common personal and literary fate. They established dialogue with literary predecessors, which largely determines the aesthetic position of the authors and their place in the literature of abroad. The memoirs of I. V. Odoevtseva, as memoirs of a participant in the literary life of the Silver Age and the first wave of emigration, make it possible to recreate and preserve the era in the faces of its most prominent representatives, not so much as poets but as unique people. The organisation of the narrative in the form of dialogues meets the task of directly "resurrecting" its characters in the mind of the future reader. G. N. Kuznetsova's diary/memoir has a two-pronged task: firstly, it helps form an aesthetic idea of émigré life and the circle close to Bunin. Also, in the memory of the descendants, it not only preserves a man but also a unique artist, who was ahead of his time and felt dramatically at odds with his literary era. Finally, it depicts the complex process of formation and self-identification of a creative personality in their dialogue with the literary "forefathers". N. N. Berberova, who creates a myth about herself and her contemporaries according to the laws of pan-aesthetic art, includes herself in the йmigrй literary canon with a "pantheon" of literary "ancestors" (with Khodasevich and Bunin at the centre): if not a writer of the first row, then an outstanding one, a talented creative personality keeping up with the times.


In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on carrion fly communities due to their medical importance and as a consequence of the large number of studies on forensic entomology. Surprisingly few studies have adressed with the asynantropic flies of the Amazon, and none were done in Colombia. A faunistic study of asynantropic flies of the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae and Fannidae in three different landscapes of the Colombian Amazon is presented, trapping effectiveness is assessed, and the first record of Mesembrinella batesi (Aldrich, 1922) and Fannia femoralis (Stein, 1897) from Colombia is reported.


Vol. 11(3) 2022, Pg. 1436 Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak globally had caused huge reformed in teaching and learning methodology. Online distance learning (ODL) had become popularly new norm to deliver knowledge that previously held face to face. However, the efficiency of ODL method on delivering a course that involve practical skill especially for Electronic Design subject is still not commonly understood. Hence, assessing students' feedback thr oughout the running semester could provide insight to understand the effectiveness of ODL method implemented during the online class. This paper presents the study of students' perception, awareness, and experience of ODL for Electronic Design subjects at Diploma level in Malaysia. The study sample was taken from one class consisting of sixteen students who took the Electronic Design subject. Data was collected through surveys that implement in different stages. The first stage was in the early semester, the second at the end of the semester, and the third was just before the students obtain their final semester results. Additional surveys were also taken in google form throughout the semester to cater to the survey questions other than in the previous three stages. Open feedback was also collected to understand any issues arising from the ODL implementation method for Electronic Design subjects, especially those related to hands-on activities such as lab exercises. This study could provide insight on the skill and competency that students obtained throughout the semester of ODL and improvement required on the methodologies that suit to students' interest. The result of the study is expected to be used for curriculum improvement for this subject. Besides, the study result could be used as the references in future by universities to develop new curriculum that is suitable to be conducted in any form of delivery method and matched with requirement of accredited body as well as industry needs.


High pass filtering (HPF) is a promising technique to eliminate Rayleigh noise in central light source passive optical networks (CLS-PONs) because it can improve system performance without additional hardware. In this study, the impact of HPF is experimentally investigated. Appropriate filter cutoff frequency is found to be dependent on signal extinction ratio (ER) and pattern length. Proper HPF is found to reduce Rayleigh noise sensitivity in low ER signals by more than 10 dB. This will potentially reduce the cost of future CLS-PONs.


Most prior works on deep learning-based wireless device classification using radio frequency (RF) data apply off-the-shelf deep neural network (DNN) models, which were matured mainly for domains like vision and language. However, wireless RF data possesses unique characteristics that differentiate it from these other domains. For instance, RF data encompasses intermingled time and frequency features that are dictated by the underlying hardware and protocol configurations. In addition, wireless RF communication signals exhibit cyclostationarity due to repeated patterns (PHY pilots, frame prefixes, and so on) that these signals inherently contain. In this article, we begin by explaining and showing the unsuitability as well as limitations of existing DNN feature design approaches currently proposed to be used for wireless device classification. We then present novel feature design approaches that exploit the distinct structures of RF communication signals and the spectrum emissions caused by transmitter hardware impairments to custom-make DNN models suitable for classifying wireless devices using RF signal data. Our proposed DNN feature designs substantially improve classification robustness in terms of scalability, accuracy, signature anti-cloning, and insensitivity to environment perturbations. We end the article by presenting other feature design strategies that have great potential for providing further performance improvements of the DNN-based wireless device classification, and discuss the open research challenges related to these proposed strategies.


Business capital and revenue are not only the decisive of the health of SMEs but also they must be balanced. In general, customers find their benefit from the flexible payment methods while on the other hand the SMEs should get their benefit too. So that, it needs to be studied whether it is necessary for SMEs to get their profit in accordance to this situation. One of the methods that suitable to be applied is by applying customer groupings based on revenue and payment namely the K-means clustering method since it can raise several groups that have not been known before. This information is useful for SMEs to be utilized based on their needs. Data in this study were gathered from customer attributes, number of transactions, and payment methods. The number of centroids was 3. The grouping results were stopped at the 5th iteration. The finding showed that the ratio value of the 4th iteration and the 5th iteration having the same ratio value, 0.07393. From the results of the iterations can be found; first, based on the customers' number, the groups can be classified into three C1(18%), C2 (45%), C3 (36%). Second, based on the average number of transactions, post-paid payments was in the first rank (12.7 / week). From the results, it can be analyzed that this situation is burdensome for SMEs because the more the number of transactions, the more investment must be prepared for accounts receivable.


The participation of members of the public in government development programmes is enshrined in the Kenyan constitutions. The participation is not just mere appearance in project deliberations meetings but to be involved in all aspects of the project from initiation to completion. Poor achievement of sustainable development agenda in the county of Baringo has resulted to increased poverty level, increased illiteracy level, increased health risks challenges, insecurity, household income per day being below 1 USD, devastating natural occurrences (flooding of Lakes Baringo and Bogoria, famine, hunger) and poor road network access continues to be experienced. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of public participation strategies towards achievement of sustainable development in Baringo County. The study was conducted in the six sub counties of Baringo involving sampled residents and sub county administrators. The study was anchored on concurrent triangulation design that allowed collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Data was collected through use of questionnaire and interview guide. Analysis of data has been done using descriptive, inferential statistics and thematic content analysis. The research found out that there was minimal participation of Baringo residents in development initiatives. The county government of Baringo at times shared (M=2.61, SD=1.25) information on socio-economic projects being implemented in the county on occasional basis. Correlation statistics computed showed a weak positive relationship (r=0.288) between public participation practices and sustainable development in Baringo County, Kenya. The paper concludes that public participation practices strategies were not regularly used, and this contributed to slow achievement of sustainable developmental targets in the study area. The paper recommends that if the county of Baringo is to realise its county integrated development plans goals, public participation should be the key strategy towards achievement. This means that public participation should be at the core of any sustainable development initiative and hence Baringo county government needs to be keen on this practice.

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Sexism is a harmful phenomenon that provokes gender inequalities and social imbalances. The expanding application of sexist content on social media platforms creates an unwelcoming and discomforting environment for many users. The implication of sexism is a multi-faceted subject as it can be integrated with other categories of discrimination. Binary classification tools are frequently employed to identify sexist content, but most of them provide extensive, generic categories with no further insights. SemEval-2023 introduced the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism (EDOS) task that emphasizes detecting and explaining the category of sexist content. The content of this paper details our involvement in this task where we present a neural network architecture employing document embeddings from a fine-tuned transformer-based model into stacked long short-term memory (LSTM) and a fully connected linear (FCL) layer . Our proposed methodology obtained an F1 score of 0.8218 (ranked 51st) in Task A. It achieved an F1 score of 0.5986 (ranked 40th) and 0.4419 (ranked 28th) in Tasks B and C, respectively.


The problem of order-preserving matching has gained attention lately. The text and the pattern consist of numbers. The task is to find all the substrings in the text which have the same length and relative order as the pattern. The problem has applications in analysis of time series. We present a new sublinear solution based on filtration. Any algorithm for exact string matching can be used as a filtering method. If the filtration algorithm is sublinear, the total method is sublinear on average. We show by practical experiments that the new solution is more efficient than earlier algorithms. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V


Let x1, · · · ,xn be points randomly chosen from a set G ⊂ R and f(x) be a function. A special Euclidean random matrix is given by Mn = (f(∥xi − xj∥))n×n. When p is fixed and n → ∞ we prove that μ̂(Mn), the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues of Mn, converges to δ0 for a big class of functions of f(x). Assuming both p and n go to infinity with n/p → y ∈ (0,∞), we obtain the explicit limit of μ̂(Mn) when G is the unit sphere Sp−1 or the unit ball Bp(0, 1) and the explicit limit of μ̂((Mn − apIn)/bp) for G = [0, 1], where ap and bp are constants. As corollaries, we obtain the limit of μ̂(An) with An = (d(xi,xj))n×n and d being the geodesic distance on S p−1. We also obtain the limit of μ̂(An) for the Euclidean distance matrix An = (∥xi−xj∥)n×n as G is Sp−1 or Bp(0, 1). The limits are the law of a+bV where a and b are explicit constants and V follows the Marčenko-Pastur law. The same are also obtained for other examples including (exp(−λ∥xi − xj∥))n×n and (exp(−λd(xi,xj)))n×n.


In new low-lead and lead-free brass alloys, it is not understood how the corrosion properties,such as dezincification, are related to material composition as well as annealing temperatureand durati ...


Just what exactly are university and college students being taught about the history of psychiatry these days? We editors at H-Madness were interested in finding out.


Whiptail of cauliflower occurs regularly in most market gardens of Prince Edward Island. Symptoms and effects are described. The disorder is invariably associated with highly acid soils which have received heavy applications of commercial fertilizer. Correction of the deficiency has been achieved by soil or foliar additions of molybdate salts. Applications of 6 to 16 ounces of molybdenum per acre in soil, or 1 to 12 ounces per acre on the foliage gave satisfactory control.


Simple method within the X\alpha approxn. to calc. various electron-electron and -hole interaction strengths U from variation in the one-electron orbital energies with respect to changes in the orbital occupancies. The values of different U's such as Uff and Ufc, calcd. within the present scheme for the rare-earth series compare well with previously obtained exptl. as well as theor. ests. The present estn. of Ufd is considerably lower than the values suggested earlier in the literature.


conference held at the Freie Universitat, Berlin, in June 1982, and subsequently published (Pross and Rath 1983). The conference focused on media rituals and the ways in which these are folded into the routines of everyday life. It brought together sociologists, political scientists, communications researchers, anthropologists, social psychologists, folklorists and aestheticians. The result, as is evident t


Residential areas occupy a special place in the planning structure of the city. The building density and the number of floors of houses have an impact on the architectural appearance of the city and the concentration of the population. However, the high population density indicates a significant pressure on the natural framework. The main objective of this article is to show the differences and heterogeneity of population density within the residential area of the city of Belgorod. To accomplish this task, a methodology for determining the population density in the private sector and blocks of high-rise buildings was developed. Using statistical data, the population of all apartment buildings is plotted on the map of the city, then, the city is divided into polygons that make up the residential area. The article proposes a methodological approach that allows taking into account the heterogeneity of the residential area – the private sector and high-rise buildings. The availability of statistical information on the number of registered residents of apartment buildings and the average size of a household made it possible to complete the task with a high percentage of accuracy. The results of this study do not take into account the migration of temporarily registered residents,students from othercities, etc. The population ofthecity, determined duringthestudy,was 333,692 people,which is lessthantheresult of the 2020 census (339,978 people); the accuracy of the study is 98.15%. More likely, this inaccuracy is due to the lack (or untimely updating) of the statistical information on new buildings. As a result, maps of population density and population distribution were constructed. The city is divided into areas that stand out due to the heterogeneity of the urban environment and the dominant mode of settlement. Through the analysis of the cartographic material, the features of the concentration and resettlement of the population were revealed. The approximate number of the population of the private sector and the main areas of settlement has been calculated.


The formation of inclusive processes in Russian culture sphere is becoming more and more noticeable every year. The article systematizes theoretical and methodological foundations on which modern inclusive practices used in the field of culture are based. It also identifies further development trends in this area. The content of basic concepts of sociocultural inclusion is revealed — the social model of disability, universal design, principles of participation and the accessible environment in a cultural institution. Attention is paid to examples of networking in the field of sociocultural inclusion as a necessary condition for the development of effective and systematic work of cultural institutions with new audiences, in particular, with visitors with ASD in other mental characteristics. Examples of main vectors of cooperation in the field of sociocultural inclusion are given: the involvement of experts with ASD on the creation of special conditions in public spaces, interaction with educational organizations and charitable foundations, which contributes to the emergence of new inclusive programs, the creation of an inter-institutional expert project. It is noted that the main trend in the further development of sociocultural inclusion at this stage is the development of criteria for assessing the effects of introducing practices into the sphere of culture aimed at the integration people with disabilities.


By opportunistically engaging mobile users (workers), mobile crowdsensing (MCS) networks have emerged as important approach to facilitate sharing of sensed/gathered data of heterogeneous mobile devices. To assign tasks among workers and ensure low overheads, a series of stable matching mechanisms is introduced in this paper, which are integrated into a novel hybrid service trading paradigm consisting of futures trading mode and spot trading mode to ensure seamless MCS service provisioning. In the futures trading mode, we determine a set of long-term workers for each task through an overbooking-enabled in-advance many-to-many matching (OIA3M) mechanism, while characterizing the associated risks under statistical analysis. In the spot trading mode, we investigate the impact of fluctuations in long-term workers' resources on the violation of service quality requirements of tasks, and formalize a spot trading mode for tasks with violated service quality requirements under practical budget constraints, where the task-worker mapping is carried out via onsite many-to-many matching (O3M) and onsite many-to-one matching (OMOM). We theoretically show that our proposed matching mechanisms satisfy stability, individual rationality, fairness and computational efficiency. Comprehensive evaluations also verify the satisfaction of these properties under practical network settings, while revealing commendable performance on running time, participators' interactions, and service quality.


Investment avenues are multifold and each has its own risk-return characteristics. Risk less investments in the common parlance are bank deposits, Govt. securities, bonds of government and semi government bodies, post office savings schemes, post office deposits, Provident funds and pension fund schemes, Insurance for life, endowment, accident, etc. Investment avenues are multifold and each has its own risk-return characteristics. Risk less investments in the common parlance are bank deposits, Govt. securities, bonds of government and semi government bodies, post office savings schemes, post office deposits, Provident funds and pension fund schemes, Insurance for life, endowment, accident, etc. This study is to identify the factors influencing the preference of the investors, to measure the level of awareness of professionals regarding different investment avenues and to ascertain the annual investment of the professionals in financial, physical and marketable assets.


V79 derived Chinese hamster cells lines with specific xenobiotica metabolising functions were constructed by gene technological means. The significance of these cell lines as a test system in toxicology and pharmacology has been demonstrated by the evaluation of metabolite profiles of pharmaceuticals and xenobiotica, and the mutagenic and cytotoxic potency of the metabolites under defined and reproducible conditions.


THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES A NUMBER OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS FACING DESIGNERS OF BOX GIRDER BRIDGES AS WELL AS METHODS BY WHICH THEY MAY BE SOLVED. SOME OF THE EXISTING STEEL DESIGN CODES ARE SURVEYED AND THE MAIN PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN MULTI- STIFFENED THIN WALLED STEEL STRUCTURES ARE DESCRIBED, TOGETHER WITH A PHILOSOPHY OF DESIGN METHOD. A FURTHER GENERAL ASPECT OF BOX GIRDER DESIGN RECEIVING BRIEF MENTION IS THE SUBJECT OF ERECTION, SINCE THIS FREQUENTLY MAY CAUSE STRESSES WELL IN EXCESS OF THOSE OCCURRING IN SERVICE. /TRRL/


Structure learning is a core problem in AI central to the fields of neuro-symbolic AI and statistical relational learning. It consists in automatically learning a logical theory from data. The basis for structure learning is mining repeating patterns in the data, known as structural motifs. Finding these patterns reduces the exponential search space and therefore guides the learning of formulas. Despite the importance of motif learning, it is still not well understood. We present the first principled approach for mining structural motifs in lifted graphical models, languages that blend first-order logic with probabilistic models, which uses a stochastic process to measure the similarity of entities in the data.

Our first contribution is an algorithm, which depends on two intuitive hyperparameters: one controlling the uncertainty in the entity similarity measure, and one controlling the softness of the resulting rules. Our second contribution is a preprocessing step where we perform hierarchical clustering on the data to reduce the search space to the most relevant data. Our third contribution is to introduce an O(n ln(n)) (in the size of the entities in the data) algorithm for clustering structurally-related data. We evaluate our approach using standard benchmarks and show that we outperform state-of-the-art structure learning approaches by up to 6% in terms of accuracy and up to 80% in terms of runtime.


Teenagers are the millennial generation who have a fundamental role in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Based on the 2019 infographic data regarding profiles of social media users in Indonesia, it has known that social media users are dominated by residents, with an age range of 18-34 years. This age range is a person's productive age, or the phase of adolescence and early adulthood. Then, the following questions arise, what is the condition of the youth in Ponorogo Regency? Do they understand this critical role? What are they doing in their digital lives? Are they following the spirit of the industrial revolution 4.0? Based on the results of the data analysis, it shows that the contributions of adolescents, both conceptually and contextually, were formed based on adolescents' understanding of the industrial revolution 4.0. Conceptually, the comprehension of adolescents in Ponorogo Regency about the 4.0 industrial revolution is still limited to an understanding of the opportunities and challenges they face. They do not fully understand the concept of the 4.0 era. This understanding will shape the extent of contextual contributions of youth in the 4.0 era. The role of youth in Ponorogo Regency is still low, only reaching 34.5%. However, their contributions are quite diverse, starting from the fields of business, education, and social activities. Cognitively, the contribution of adolescents, both conceptually and contextually, is formed through a cognitive process that includes remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. From this process, the youth of Ponorogo Regency is still at the applying stage, namely how teenagers use a procedure to solve a problem that is happening or in doing a given task.


These days while the traditional Internet cannot meet the requirement of data-intensive communications in large scale escience grid applications, Optical network which is also referred to as Lambda Grid provide a simple means of achieving guaranteed high bandwidth, guaranteed latency and deterministic connection. Lots of e-science applications like e-VLBI and GTL require aggregating several hundred GB data files from distributed databases to super-computers frequently at real time. Thus minimizing the aggregation time can improve the overall system performance. We consider the problem of aggregating large data files from distributed databases to distributed computational resources on lambda grid. We modify the model of Time-Path Scheduling Problem (TPSP) which has been proposed and propose a new N-destination TPSP (NDTPSP) model. We present the proof of NDTPSP's NP-completeness. We also propose a list scheduling algorithm and a modified list scheduling algorithm for our problem. The performance of different algorithms will be compared and analyzed by simulations.


With the development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), more frequent attacks occur to intrude IIoT devices. A reasonably designed intrusion detection method can effectively guarantee the security of IIoT. Over the past decade, different methods of intrusion detection based on deep learning (DL) have been proposed, which helps intrusion detection keep evolving and become more robust. However, these previous researches usually require the participation of a large number of experts, and gradually become invalid with the continuous development of intrusion methods. The limited compute capability of IIoT devices also greatly hinder the deployment of overly complex DL models. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight semi-supervised learning (LSSL) method based on consistency regularization for intrusion detection. Our proposed method enhances the detection performance by using unlabeled traffic data for consistency training. Besides, we adopt separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction. Experimental results on two widely-used benchmark datasets show that the detection performance of our model is significantly improved by the consistency training, and it can effectively detect various attacks in complex networks.


Fluvial lakes affect on phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the Samica Stęszewska River The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of shallow lakes on reactive, total phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the river water and analyse the effect of changes in water retention in lake on nutrient concentrations in river waters. The study was carried out in the Samica Steszewska River. This is lowland river, which flows through two polymictic lakes. The study site is located in the Wielkopolska Lowland, Central-west Poland. Water samples were collected at depths of 0.5 m below the water surface. Reactive, total phosphorus and potassium were analysed monthly by standard methods. The study was carried out from January to December 1999-2002 (period with high water retention), 2005-2008 (period with low water retention), at four control points. Sites were located at the inflow and outflow of the Samica Stęszewska River into and out of Niepruszewskie and Tomickie Lakes. From 1974 to 2002, Lake Niepruszewskie was regulated at its outlet by a weir. In 2002, the water level was reduced. Changes of water retention in Niepruszewskie Lake influenced water discharge of the Samica Stęszewska River. The results indicate that changes in water retention have significantly influenced water quality in the river, particularly total and reactive phosphorus concentrations; however, this influence was not observed in respect to potassium concentrations. Nutrient concentrations in river strongly depend on water quality of the lake ecosystem and their buffering capacity. Additionally, by improving water quality, increased oxygen concentrations, and decreasing dissolved nutrient concentrations, as well as increased amplitude of water level fluctuations in lakes may increase P-fixation rates in outlet streams.


We examined temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) and the chemical compositions of SCPs in core samples of bottom sediments collected from ponds and lakes in China, Korea and Japan. Fresh snow samples were also collected for analysis from the top of Mt. Fuji, Japan. Temporal trends in the concentrations of SCPs at Yasha-ga-ike pond (YSH), in the Hokuriku region, are similar to those in urban areas in Japan before the 1970s. However, the trends differ for the period since the 1980s. Since the 1980s, the chemical compositions of SCPs at YSH are similar to those in China. Furthermore, several SCPs in the snow samples are similar in composition to SCPs in China. Therefore, some SCPs are transported from China to Japan via passive drifting in the free troposphere.


Although beam-to-column joints are a critical part of steel and composite framed structures, very few tests have been conducted under fire conditions. Of the tests conducted, only a limited range of joint types has been studied. The main reason for this is the high cost associated with elevated-temperature tests. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of typical steel extended end-plate beam-to-column joints at elevated temperatures. Six beam-to-column joints were tested. These included three tests conducted at 400, 550, and 700°C, and another three tests on specimens at 700°C with different axial compression forces applied to the beams to simulate restraint effects. Moment-rotation-temperature characteristics are summarized in order to investigate the degradation of this type of steel joint at elevated temperatures.


This paper mainly studies the effect of humic acids on the manganese removal and the simple analysis method of large Mn-organic molecules by MF membrane. Results of the experiment showed that humic acids could decrease the manganese removal due to the forming of organic Mn. This effect would be increased with increase of the humic acids concentration. The experiment also indicated that the hydrophilic neutral compounds of humic substances were not only adsorbed on the MF membrane strongly, but also interacted with divalentions easily. About 23% and 33.5% Mn were removed respectively, through the adsorption of MF membrane for the two water samples with humic substances concentrations of 8 and 20 mg/L,which was corresponding to the result obtained from the UF membrane test. It is concluded that MF membrane could be used to analyze the amount of organic Mn.


Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been extensively studied for hyperspectral image classification. It has undergone significant improvement as compared to conventional classification methods. Yet, there are not much studies have been taken on sub-sampled ground truth dataset in CNN. This paper exploits CNN-based method along with multi-scale and dilated convolution with residual connection concepts for hyperspectral image classification on exclusive real time data set. Two raw and one standard full ground truth Pavia University datasets are used to characterize the performance. Out of raw exclusive datasets, one was taken over urban areas of Ahmedabad, India under ISRO-NASA joint initiative for HYperSpectral Imaging (HYSI) programme, and the other was collected using Hypersec VNIR integrated camera of our institute surroundings from the rooftop of the building.


We have used a time series of aerosol surface based on the measurements of Hofmann to investigate the modulation of total column ozone caused by the perturbation to gas phase chemistry by the reaction N2O5(gas) + H2O(aero) yields 2HNO3(gas) on the surface of stratospheric aerosols. We have tested a range of values for its reaction probability, gamma = 0.02, 0.13, and 0.26 which we compared to unperturbed homogeneous chemistry. Our analysis spans a period from Jan. 1974 to Oct. 1994. The results suggest that if lower values of gamma are the norm then we would expect larger ozone losses for highly enhanced aerosol content that for larger values of gamma. The ozone layer is more sensitive to the magnitude of the reaction probability under background conditions than during volcanically active periods. For most conditions, the conversion of NO2 to HNO3 is saturated for reaction probability in the range of laboratory measurements, but is only absolutely saturated following major volcanic eruptions when the heterogeneous loss dominates the losses of N2O5. The ozone loss due to this heterogeneous reaction increases with the increasing chlorine load. Total ozone losses calculated are comparable to ozone losses reported from TOMS and Dobson data.


Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are known worldwide as a raw material in beer production due their flavor and preservative values. The beneficial properties of the plant have been mostly associated with the female hop inflorescences (cones), which is also the part used in the brewing industry. However, some studies indicate the presence of compounds associated with health benefits in the vegetative parts of hops or small-caliber cones, which discarded in hop collection. Moreover, large quantities of by-products remain in the forms of spent grains and spent hops/hot trub and are produced by breweries raising environmental and economic sustainability concerns. This review focuses on the phytochemicals and biological and pharmacological activities of hop and their potential use in skin care products and also intends to explore the potential of the hop' discarded parts and brewery industry by-products for production in the cosmetics industry.


The structure and absolute configuration of (–)-taylorione, isolated from the liverwort, Mylia taylorii, was elucidated to be ent-1,10-seco-aromadendra-1(5),4(15)-dien-10-one (1) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.


Acquiring continuous streamflow estimates is paramount in hydrological studies, extreme event analyses, and water resources management. The discharge uncertainty caused by temporal variability of stage–discharge relationships is significant. The short-term changes of the discharge rating curve (HQRC) caused by flood events are undetectable by traditional rating techniques. This paper investigates the temporal variability in HQRC from unique high-frequency (every 10 minutes) streamflow time series. The time series data have been obtained using a novel acoustic method: fluvial acoustic tomography (FAT). In contrast to the traditional point/transect measurements of discharge, the FAT system enables us to continuously measure the depthand range-averaged flow velocity along the ray path. A 115-m wide straight reach of the Gono River, Miyoshi City, Japan was selected as the survey site. The riverbed consisted of gravel (d50=27 mm). The bed slope around the observation site was approximately 0.11%, and the Manning roughness was approximately 0.03. For falling limbs of 16 hydrological events, the discharge rating curves were analyzed. Temporal variations in hydraulic parameters of the rating curve were examined in addition to the variability of HQRC. The rapid changes of HQRC occurred owing to flood events.


This article examines associations between home care workers' health, and non-standard hours and insecurity. Health refers to symptoms of stress and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), non-standard hours refer to part-time and casual hours, and insecurity refers to job and employability insecurity. Data come from our 2002 survey of 532 home care workers (nurses, therapists and personal support workers) in a medium-sized city in Ontario, Canada. Path analysis regression results for the conceptual model show that (1) part-time and casual hours and job insecurity are positively and significantly associated with symptoms of stress, (2) the associations between part-time and casual hours and MSDs are mediated by symptoms of stress, and (3) job and employability insecurity are directly associated with MSDs. Results provide evidence that non-standard hours and insecurity must be addressed in order to improve home care workers' health. We show the detrimental effects of non-standard hours and insecurity on workers' health, and the results have implications for employers, human resource managers, trade unionists and government policy-makers.


Differential cross sections for Compton scattering of 145 keV gamma rays from K-shell electrons of tin and molybdenum at scattering angles in the range 30 to 150 degrees . Measurements are made employing NaI(Tl) detectors and a coincidence set up with resolving time approximately=30 ns. The experimental results are compared with the available theoretical data. The total cross section is estimated to be about 0.43 sigma F for tin and 0.41 sigma F for molybdenum.


In this chapter we have discussed the salient features of indoor RCS ranges. Those features include the absorbing material used to line the interior of the chamber, the chamber geometry, the instrumentation needed to make the measurements, and some of the measurement procedures unique to indoor ranges. The pyramidal and wedge absorbers used to provide an anechoic measurement environment must be chosen with regard to the desired performance at the lowest expected measurement frequency. The lower this frequency, the thicker and more expensive the material will be.


The invention discloses an anti-corrosion composition which comprises the following components: eichhornia crassipes extractive, lactic acid streptostacin, lilac ethereal oil or eugenol, cinnamon ethereal oil or cinnamic aldehyde, thyme ethereal oil, odorless garlic ethereal oil, tea polyphenol and chitosan. According to the anti-corrosion composition, antibacterial peptide and plant extracts such as Chinese herbal medicines, spices and the like are used according to different antibiotic spectrum compatibilities so as to prepare antimicrobial system formulas which are universally suitable for bacteria and fungal broad spectrums, as well as safely suitable for the cosmetics; besides, the anti-corrosion composition adopts a microcapsulate technology that effective components are wrapped to reduce the volatilization and denaturation of the effective components and then are slowly released through the slow release role of the microcapsulate, and achievesfavourable bacteriostasis effect in a quality guarantee period. The anti-corrosion composition can be added to the cosmetics to play the role of achieving effective anti-corrosion effect, without affecting the physical and chemical stability of the cosmetics, and has no stimulation to the skin.


parameters such as sea state, swell, wind, rain, the nature of the seabed and species present using indicators based on the apparent movement of the stars, the behaviour of trees or animals (marine or terrestrial), the taste, colour or shape of certain elements of their environment. These ways of understanding the marine environment of fishermen based on their empirical knowledge can be subjected to scientific experimentation and validation and can be appropriated by the scientific community and be of universal use in order to contribute to the means of reducing the risks due to global changes.


Purpose. In experiment in vivo to study the features of regeneration of the conjunctiva and sclera of rats after surgery with intraoperative application of a 0.05% Ciclosporin A.Materials and methods. Еxperimental animals (rats) (n = 48) were divided into the main group, including the subgroups a (n = 16) and b (n = 16) and the comparison group (n = 16). Performed a through cut of the conjunctiva and damage to the surface layers of the sclera one of the eyes of all animals. Further on the surgical trauma zone in the main group, the intraoperative application of the cytostatic was performed. In the subgroup a with a duration of 3 minutes, in the subgroup b – 6 minutes. In the comparison group a hemostatic sponge without a cytostatic was used intraoperatively.Results. In the comparison group postoperative period proceeds with a stereotyped dynamics of cell phase changes in damaged tissues. In the end the development of dense conjunctival-scleral fusion in the area of surgical trauma was noted. Intraoperative application of 0.05% Cyclosporine A leads to a slowing of regeneration, preventing formation of rough conjunctival-scleral scar.Conclusions. Intraoperative applications of 0.05% Cyclosporin A change the stereotyped dynamics of the inflammatory-reparative regeneration in the surgical intervention zone, inhibiting the migration of cells almost in 3 times and significantly (in 2 times) prolonging the duration of the macrophage phase. This causes a slowdown of reparative regeneration, prevents excessive scarring in the operating area.


In line with the decision of the Muzakarah of Fatwa Committee, the National Council of Islamic Affairs 2009, the amount of shariah non-compliant money (SNCM) paid to the Baitulmal showed a drastic increase from 2009 to 2017. However, previous studies showed that this situation was not caused by the increase of the public's level of understanding regarding SNCM. Additionally, some Muslims today are identified as being involved in generating income from shariah non-compliant sources. As such, there are two objectives in this current study: to identify the payers' sources of SNCM and also to identify the critical factors which influence the payment of SNCM. A total of 121 respondents were involved in this study which utilized a questionnaire as the research instrument. The findings showed that the Baitulmal institution was a critical factor which influenced the payment of SNCM while the surrounding community was the most non-critical factor. Every party is urged to play its role to ensure that Muslims do not own or capitalise on illegal or haram assets as outlined by Islamic principles and should not fully depend on the religious institution or the Baitulmal.


Male sterility is important to prevent self-pollination and loss of the onion hybrid genotype. Classic methods require 4-8 years of progeny testing before the cytoplasm type can be determined. An accurate and time-saving method was needed. Various types of markers were tested for application to South African onion parental lines of hybrid cultivars, and which could determine male sterility and maintainer genotypes accurately and easily with large numbers of samples. Five cytoplasmic (5'cob, orfA501, orf725, IGS and cob-type 2) and four nuclear markers (jnurf13, isotig34671_610, isotig30856_1351 and isotig29186_1830) were sourced. Genomic DNA was isolated from onion seedlings and young leaves growing from bulbs in the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) research field. PCR marker amplification products were separated by agarose or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays containing primer/probe pairs designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to the nuclear Ms locus. OrfA501 proved useful as a presence/absence marker for cytoplasmic male sterility, while TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were superior to the jnurf13 nuclear marker in terms of rapid throughput. PCR molecular markers and custom TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays were efficient in screening the onion lines rapidly and accurately for their cytoplasmic and nuclear male sterility genotype. These methods reduced the time to identify the correct genotype of male sterile and maintainer lines, gave accurate genotypic information and proved to be useful on a larger scale. These molecular marker methods will facilitate the production of the correct seed for commercialization of onion lines worldwide.


Objective:To analyze the hypotension drug used in our hospital.Methods:To investigate hypotension drug used during the past 4 years in respect of sum of money of consumption,DDDs,DDC.Result:The consumption and frequency of hypotension drug during the period 2001~2004 showed an climbing tendency.Conclusion:The application of hypotension drug in our hospital was basically reasonable.


Solutions of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Poisson system in a current-carrying plasma are analysed theoretically and numerically in the collisionless and weakly collisional approximations. The class of electron holes is extended, and new solitary electron hole and hump equilibria are found. Numerical solutions of the full time-dependent self-consistent problem are presented that show the non-existence of structural dissipative equilibria as long as ions are treated as an immobile background.


This article discusses the Social Communication Council, linked to the Federal Senate, as a symbol of the search for greater social participation in decision-making processes in the field of communication, as a collegiate body in clear dispute for space, definition and continuity since its creation. From the Political Economy of Communication and the Anthropology of State processes, the council is understood as a place of representative listening to civil society since the 1988 constituent. Through a documentary ethnography of the body's archives, we seek problematize the representation of civil society and follow the discursive web around the collegiate itself, aiming to problematize its representative structure, power asymmetries perceived and consider its capacity and scope of action.


Teaching laboratories are a highly complex environment that require students to master the following: technical skills, application of theory, safe working conditions, and teamwork. Often, students have had very little prior experience to prepare them for this alien and pressured environment. Prelaboratory tasks are typically considered key to mitigating this issue, with simulations being developed to help students prepare for class and also to help improve their technical abilities. Building on a prior initial study, this contribution evaluates student perceptions toward dynamic laboratory simulations as part of their freshman chemistry course. Our data shows that the majority of students found the simulations to have a positive impact on their learning experience, especially during the enforced online learning experiences that resulted from COVID-19. Students were generally found to be less anxious and more excited to attend the laboratories, and they frequently utilized their experiences with the simulations during the in-laboratory class time. © 2022 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.


The research on information management is the key point of integrated supportability engineering.This paper classifies the supportability information according to different functions,and induces its main effects in integrated supportability engineering.Furthermore,it investigates the way to improve the management of integrated supportability information.


This analysis of political reporting and opinion pieces in student newspapers shows a significant bias against Republicans in opinion articles but greater objectivity in the news section. A pro-Dem...


In this paper we build a geographical information s ystem used to study the hydric erosion of Chinteni area from Cluj County. The geo-database of our GIS contain information about vegetation, soil profiles characteristics and soil moisture for the interest sites. The digital terrai n model was obtained from terrain dataset that was build fr om geo-database. The area affected by water erosion was predicted using spatial analysis.


uring the next few months, MENC will complete work on a set of national standards for content and student achievement in K-12 music education. This activity is part of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Education, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Humanities to develop "voluntary, world-class" national standards for K-12 instruction in the arts, including music, visual arts, dance, and theatre. A draft of the music standards was published in the September issue of the Music Educators Journal, and comments have been invited. The standards in the arts are being developed by the Consortium of National Arts Education Associations, which includes MENC, the National Art Education Association, the National Dance Association, and the American Alliance for Theatre and Education. A task force from each association is coordinating the work in its particular field. The purpose of the project is to halt the


A hemagglutinating virus was reported to be frequently isolated from laboratory mice by us in Japan (Fukumi et al, 1954). This virus was later proposed to be called HVM (hemagglutinating virus of mice) by us, but as several independent names were adopted by several groups of investigators and more confusion was apt to occur, a committee was established by the Society of Japanese Virologists to control such confusion. This committee finally agreed to propose the name HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) for the virus in question. This virus is however, widely called Sendai virus in countries outside of Japan since Jensen et al.'s publication (Jensen et al., 1956), where they proposed to call it as influenza virus D. Now it seems fairly well accepted that the virus belongs to Myxovirus parainfluenzae type 1, though there is still some reservation (Fukumi and Nishikawa, 1961). As this virus has been considerably widely distributed among laboratory mice, it has often caused disturbances in experiments in which intranasal inoculations of laboratory mice are employed, especially experiments dealing with mouse passages of influenza and some other viruses. This situation prompted us to conduct experiments concerned with epidemiology and some other features of Sendai virus infections in laboratory mice.


Major Depression Disorder (MDD) affects people's life and it is a common disorder worldwide. Finding useful diagnostic biomarkers would help clinicians to diagnosis MDD in its early stages. Machine learning algorithms for brain imaging classification of MDD is beneficial although it is challenging. In this paper, we investigate utilizing augmentation, feature extraction and classification for MDD detection from sMRI Images. Using images, we extract 10 slices with highest entropy values from each 3D sMRI image as raw features. The selected slices are the most representative 2D slices of each volume and the problem is reduced to classifying these slices. Next, augmentation is done by either duplication or rotation to balance the data. Then deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural network and pre-trained networks with or without fine tuning are applied to extract features automatically. We compared several feature extraction methods in combination with SVM classifiers with linear or RBF kernels. Experiments show that raw features work pretty well for MDD classification. Also, pre-trained VGG16 with fine-tuning produces good results. However, pre-trained network without fine tuning returns acceptable result with short training time.


This paper further investigates the moving path following (MPF) problem for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) proposed in [1], where an UAV is tasked to converge to and follow a desired geometric moving path without an explicit timing law assigned to it. A new type of control strategy is proposed to steer the UAV to follow a reference moving path in the presence of wind disturbances, which relaxes the conservative assumption given in [1] that the vehicle will not be exactly at the distance from the closest path point that corresponds to the inverse of the path's curvature at that point. This is done by controlling the progression rate of the virtual target vehicle which is tracked by the real vehicle and travelling along the reference path. To achieve smooth convergence of the UAV to the desired path, the transient maneuver is shaped as a function of the MPF position error. Stability analyses indicate that convergence of the MPF error to zero can be achieved asymptotically. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated by a numerical simulation using an UAV to track a moving ground target.


Objective To explore the application of clinical positron emission tomography computed tomography (PETCT) scan for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) transplantation tumor animal model in nude mice. Methods ①Eighteen CNE-2 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor-bearing nude mice were scanned by 18F-FDG PET-CT and the size of transplantation tumor were measured before radiotherapy, respectively. ② The mice were divided into 3 groups according to the transplan- tation tumor size and the results of PET-CT scan and the pathological diagnosis were compared. ③ Three mice were scanned respectively by 3 min, 5min and 8min per bed position for the emission data collection. The PET-CT images were analyzed independently by at least two experienced nuclear medicine doctors. Results ①The 18F-FDG PET-CT scan results displayed all the tumor mice were positive before radiotherapy. ②The average tumor T / N ratio of group1 was 1.203±0.189, and that of group 2 and group3 was 2.086±0.456 and 1.535±0.160, respectively. ③The time had no effect on PET-CT scanner. Conclusion ① The clinical PET-CT scan were applied to study human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) transplantation tumor animal model in nude mice, and 3 min per bed position were recommendation level.② The transplantation tumor, diameter between 1.0 centimeter to 1.4 centimeter, were suitable for the clinical PET-CT scan.


A constructive numerical approximation of the two-dimensional unsteady stochastic Navier-Stokes equations of an incompressible fluid is proposed via a pseudo-compressibility technique involving a parameter $\epsilon$. Space and time are discretized through a finite element approximation and an Euler method. The convergence analysis of the suggested numerical scheme is investigated throughout this paper. It is based on a local monotonicity property permitting the convergence toward the unique strong solution of the Navier-Stokes equations to occur within the originally introduced probability space. Justified optimal conditions are imposed on the parameter $\epsilon$ to ensure convergence within the best rate.


Left atrial (LA) dimension is a marker of disease severity and outcome in primary and secondary mitral regurgitation. In transcatheter mitral valve repair, LA enlargement might additionally impact on device handling and technical success through an altered anatomy and atrial annular dilatation.


A 27-year-old African male was admitted to hospital after a fall in which he received a severe blow on the left side of his abdomen just below the costal margin. When seen in consultation by one of us about 24 hours after the accident, he complained of epigastric pain radiating to the left side of the abdomen and through to the back. Although the pain was severe, it could not be described as agonizing. He had vomited once. The blood pressure was 110/80 mm. Hg, the pulse rate was 80 90 a minute, and the haemoglobin level was 12 G. per 100 ml. There were no sjlgDS of sur.gica:l shock.. The abdomen moved poorly on respiration, and was slightly distended; there were abrasions over the costal margin on the left side. On palpation, tenderness and a rebound peritonitic sign could be elicited over -the whole abdomen, the tenderness being most marked over the left rectus abdominis muscle just below the costal margfu. In this area, too, there was guarding, but true rigidity was not a feature. On auscultation, the abdomen was completely silent. The lung fields were clear both on clinical examination and on X-ray (Fig. 1), and free air could not be detected below the diaphragm. A pre-operative diagnosis of intra-abdominal visceral injury was made, a partial rupture of the spleen seeming to be the most probable lesion. The absence of signs of severe blood loss, the lack of evidence of ruptured bowel, and the marked tenderness and minimal rigidity, all suggested the possibility of traumatic pancreatitis as well.


Introduction: Increasing number of Late Preterm (LPT) babies are being born in recent years, and they
suffer from increased neonatal morbidities and moralities.
Objective: +0 +6 To assess the immediate neonatal morbidities and mortalities of Late Pretrem - LPT - (34 -36 weeks) compared to
+0 +6 +0 +6 those babies born at Early Term -ET- (37 - 38 weeks) and Term - T- (39 - 40 weeks) gestation.
Methodology: A retrospective review of delivery, admission, discharge and death registers and necessary case notes of all live
in-born babies excluding those with congenital anomalies were done in RKM Seva Pratisthan Hospital, a teriray level
University Hospital in the City of Kolkata, between 1st January 2018 till 31st December 2019. Data collected in a predesigned pro
forma were analysed with SPSS vs 23 software, after obtaining necessary permission. All the major neonatal morbidities and
morality were compared between the three groups.
Results: +0 +6 Total 6511 babies born between gestation 34 and 40 weeks were analysed of which 1021 were in LPT group
(31.9%requiring NICU admission), 3408 in ET group (8.3% requiring NICU admission) and 2068 in T group (9.2% requiring
NICU admission). There was no signicant difference in mortality (LPT vs ET vsT : 0.5% vs 0.3% vs 0.1%). All the major
morbidities ( Respiratory, CNS, Infectious, Metabolic and Any morbidity) were signicantly higher in LPT group. No signicant
difference were observed between ET and Term group in terms of any neonatal morbidity or mortality.
Conclusion: Late Pretrem newborns suffer from increased neonatal morbidity compared to their Early Term or Term
counterpart in immediate neonatal period. No difference of morbidity or mortality were noted between Early Term and Term
groups.


Purpose: The ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encodes a protein kinase, the activation of which is an early event in the cellular response to ionizing radiation. One of the many substrates of ATM is BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset gene), which has been associated with susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, and has been implicated in DNA repair processes. Various cellular responses to radiation were analysed in cells with mutations in ATM or BRCA1 in an attempt to clarify which effects of ATM can be mediated through BRCA1. Materials and methods: The response to radiation of cells with mutations in ATM or BRCA1 was examined, as were BRCA1‐mutant tumour cells transfected with an exogenous wild‐type BRCA1 allele. Assays included cell‐survival curves, studies of potentially lethal damage repair, measurement of chromosomal aberrations and of G1 arrest, and Western blot analysis of lysates of irradiated cells to determine the phosphorylation of the product of the human Mdm2 gene (HDM2). Results: Both ATM and BRCA1 mutations were associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation, deficient repair of potentially lethal damage and markedly increased chromosomal aberrations. A BRCA1‐mutated tumour cell line HCC1937, like ATM mutant cells, did not exhibit a normal G1 arrest but, unlike ATM mutant cells, did exhibit phosphorylation of HDM2. Expression of wild‐type BRCA1 in HCC1937 cells partially restored radioresistance, restored repair of potentially lethal damage and markedly reduced radiation‐induced chromosomal aberrations. G1 arrest, however, was not restored by expression of BRCA1. Conclusions: The results are consistent with a model in which ATM phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates DNA repair functions, particularly those involved in potentially lethal damage repair and chromosomal integrity, but not other aspects of the cellular response to radiation such as G1 cell cycle arrest. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the ability of exogenously expressed BRCA1 to restore the ability to perform potentially lethal damage repair and maintain chromosomal integrity in irradiated cells.


CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays a vital role in the progression of asthma, T-cell lymphoma, inflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. To date, the structure of CCR4 has not been determined. Therefore, the nature of the interactions between inhibitors and CCR4 is not well known. In this study, we used CCR5 as a template to model the structure of CCR4. Docking studies were performed for four naphthalene-sulphonamide derivatives and crucial ligand-protein interactions were analysed. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these complexes (100 ns each) were carried out to gain insights into the interactions between ligands and CCR4. MD simulations revealed that the residues identified by the docking were displaced and new residues were inserted near the ligands. Results of a principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that CCR4 unfolds at the extracellular site surrounding the ligands. Our simulations identified crucial residues involved in CCR4 antagonism, which were supported by previous mutational studies. Additionally, we identified Ser3.29, Leu3.33, Ser5.39, Phe6.47, Ile7.35, Thr7.38, Thr7.40, and Ala7.42 as residues that play crucial roles in CCR4 antagonism. Mutational studies will help elucidate the significance of these residues in CCR4 antagonism. An understanding of ligand-CCR4 interactions might aid in the design of novel CCR4 inhibitors.


PURPOSE: A method for optimizing a condensing bath of an advanced passive auxiliary feed-water system in a pressurized water reactor is provided to minimize vibration and noises by reducing natural convection interference around a heat exchanger in the condensing bath. CONSTITUTION: A steam generator(10) generates steam by heat from a nuclear reactor. A condensing bath(30) is filled with coolants. A heat exchanger receives the steam and discharges condensed water. A condensed water recovery pipe(12) supplies the condensed water to the steam generator. A partition separates a circulation region of each heat exchanger.


This paper represents the results of regional-geological, palynological and lithological investigations conducted in an area with complicated technical pattern in the Dervent Heighs, SE Bulgaria Two low-grade metamorphic series have been studied. The first one, the Series of black argillites, slates and quartzites, represents the lower part of the Straža nappe allochthon. Marine microplankton has been found in this series The acritarch species Deunffia brevispinosa, Deunffia monospinosa, Domasia amphora and Estiastra barbata suggest a Llandovery/Wenlock age. The second one, the Flysch-like grey-green metasedimentary series, is a knippe of the higher, Vâlča poljana nappe. Palinological assemblage recorded in it is dominated by spore-like fossils but acritarchs also occur. The age of the assemblage is Late Ordovician to Llandovery The palynomorphs (acritarchs, spore like fossils and some chitinozoans) have been systematically described.


We study the problem of reconstructing a convex body using only a finite number of measurements of outer normal vectors. More precisely, we suppose that the normal vectors are measured at independent random locations uniformly distributed along the boundary of our convex set. Given a desired Hausdorff error $$\eta $$η, we provide upper bounds on the number of probes that one has to perform in order to obtain an $$\eta $$η-approximation of this convex set with high probability. Our result relies on the stability theory related to Minkowski's theorem.


Titanium deposits in Norway are of three major types: igneous, metasomatic and metamorphic. The igneous deposits are composed of ilmenite, magnetite and apatite in various proportions and occur in geological provinces of different ages, and some have a metamorphic overprint. The other major Ti ore-type is the rutile-bearing eclogites in western Norway that formed during the Caledonian high-pressure metamorphism of predominantly Proterozoic basic igneous rocks. The third Ti ore-type is the Proterozoic rutile-bearing, scapolitised and albitised rocks in the Bamble region of South Norway. Norwegian Ti mineral resources are large. The Egersund province in southernmost Norway is by far the most significant. This province includes the Tellnes ilmenite deposit which is in operation, as well as large volumes of other low-grade ilmenite ores. The annual ilmenite production at Tellnes, ~550,000 t. ilmenite, is 6-7 % of the total mine production of Ti minerals in the world, and Tellnes alone has approximately 12 % of the world's resources of ilmenite. Mineralogy is the overall factor influencing the economic significance of Ti deposits, defining the quality of the Ti mineral product that can be produced. Grainsize, mineral intergrowths and mineral chemistry are a reflection of the geological environment and later conditions of the ore-forming process. Due to significant variation in geological settings, Norwegian Fe-Ti deposits show a large range in mineralogical signatures.


Organizations trade off between short-run operational advantages and long-run adaptive ability. They vary along this dimension through the degree of interdependence created by the structure of production. This study focuses on one structural characteristic - vertical integration - that creates this interdependence. Integrating vertically can allow the organization to benefit contemporaneously from efficiencies in production, market power, and synergy. Nevertheless, vertical integration severely limits the organization's ability to adapt because boundedly rational managers find the optimization of operations difficult when making highly interdependent choices. As the volatility of the environment increases though, the returns to learning decrease. Thus, firms that organize for efficiency suffer less from inertia in these environments. Tests of these hypotheses on the growth rates and exit rates of computer workstation manufacturers from 1980 to 1996 support this thesis.


Teacher training programs play a vital role in developing student-teachers' understanding of their professional selves as an effective factor in successful teaching. Though the number of studies regarding the effects of teacher education on foreign language teachers' self-images continues to proliferate, little attention has been paid to Iranian EFL student-teachers, particularly females, in terms of future images of professional selves being developed during their training at Teacher Education University. Using the Possible selves theory (Markus & Nurius, 1986), the present qualitative study explores and compares the future professional self-images of EFL student-teachers at Iranian Teacher Education University. Eight female student-teachers in the first, third, and last year of their studies from several female teacher education colleges around the country accepted to participate in the interviews. They were asked to discuss their desired and feared selves, as well as their plans for achieving or avoiding these selves, respectively. In-depth phenomenological interviewing was adopted to collect the data. Before fieldwork experience, student-teachers' hopes and fears were mostly geared to classroom routines, while by the end, their statements were predominantly theory-based and sophisticated. Most student-teachers made reference to some plans for attaining their desired professional self-images and avoiding feared ones. The study put forward some implications for teacher training and education programs.


We have derived analytic expressions that describe cooling of isolated neutron stars with nucleon cores after reaching the state of internal thermal relaxation. The results are valid for a wide class of equations of state of nucleonic matter and, in this sense, are universal. Moreover, they accurately reproduce the evolution of neutron stars at the neutrino and photon cooling stages as well as during transition from one stage to the other. These results greatly simplify theoretical analysis of internal structure of cooling neutron stars. For illustration, we analyse the thermal state of the bright nearby neutron star RX J1856.5−3754 and present arguments that this star has already left the neutrino cooling stage and contains superfluidity of neutrons and protons inside. We discuss possible efficiency of its neutrino cooling and heat capacity of


Dhanoa, M. S., Lopez, S., Sanderson, R., France, J. (2010). Reply - Simplified estimation of forage degradability in the rumen assuming zero-order kinetics and assumptions underlying the in situ polyester-bag technique. Journal of Agricultural Science, 148, (1), 119-122. Sponsorship: DFID-BBSRC, Research Contract BB/F004133/1; Czech Republic. IMPF: 01.41 RONO: 00


The original listening band experiments [G. W. Greenberg and W. D. Larkin, J. Acoust. Soc. Am 44, 1513–1523 (1968)] were replicated using a one‐interval paradigm. Modifications designed to adapt the procedure for use in studying auditory selective attention during infancy were also implemented. A 1000‐Hz primary tone was presented on 75% of signal trials at a level that allowed for approximately 80% correct detection. Probe tones of 880 Hz and 1120 Hz were presented equally often on the remaining 25% of the trials at the same level as the primary tone. All signals were 300‐ms in duration with 16‐ms rise/fall times; signal and no‐signal trials were each presented on 50% of the trials. Signals were presented in quiet or in the presence of a continuous background noise (300–1800 Hz; 10 dB N0). Trials were presented with or without a visual cue signalling trial onset and with or without feedback to the observer concerning the correctness of the response. Results showed that adults detected the primary tones a...


Plant roots are exposed to a variety of nitrogen forms (e.g., nitrate, ammonium, amino acids) and take up these forms at different rates. Many studies have investigated whether plants prefer nitrate, ammonium, or amino acids; but studies may not be comparable because they used substrate concentrations between 100 and 2000 μmol L -1 . This study tests the hypothesis that substrate concentrations from 10 to 1750 μmol L -1 affect plant preference for N forms. Nitrogen uptake by the herb Ocimum basilicum and the evergreen tree Eucalyptus regnans was examined by placing roots of intact seedlings in equimolar mixtures of nitrate, ammonium, and glycine in which one of the N forms was 15 N-labelled (and 13 C-labelled in the case of glycine). In both species, preference for N forms was affected by substrate concentration. At 10 μmol L -1 (O. basilicum) or 10 and 50 mmol L -1 (E. regnans), rates of N uptake did not differ among N forms. At substrate concentrations of 50 μmol L -1 and greater O. basilicum took up ammonium the fastest, glycine the slowest, and nitrate at an intermediate rate. At substrate concentrations from 100 to 1750 μmol L -1 , E. regnans took up ammonium the fastest with glycine and nitrate taken up at slower rates. The absence of significant differences at lower concentrations was a true biological effect rather than a function of larger relative errors. This study demonstrates that substrate concentration has a large effect on plant preference for N forms, and sounds a warning for studies of N nutrition that do not consider the concentration-dependence of plant preference for N forms.