The role of nutrition and dietetics professionals across all areas of practice is more vital than ever, given the current global landscape in the context of climate change and resource scarcity. Shared values and goals connect nutrition and dietetics professionals across the world in learning, research, and nutrition practice. It is now possible for the nutrition and dietetics profession to move boldly into the sphere of food systems and sustainability, offering unique expertise and leadership for the future. Nutr Today. 2020;55(3):131–135


Combining PET and MRI technology in order to obtain simultaneous functional information with anatomical precision in vivo is of tremendous interest in the field of molecular imaging. PET/MRI imaging provides perfect anatomical and temporal coregistration of PET and MR images, along with clear delineation of tissue boundaries. An MR compatible PET scanner based on Rat Conscious Animal PET (RatCAP) is developed for simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images of the rat brain in a 9.4 T microMRI scanner. The PET tomograph is housed in a segmented G10/copper case constructed with a copper coating thickness of 5 microns, to minimize the eddy currents and provide better RF shielding. Special RF coils were designed to fit inside the PET tomograph. A custom made G10 tube assembly was constructed for accurate positioning of the rat bed, RF coil and RatCAP. Simultaneous PET/MRI images of a rat striatum phantom were acquired in the 9.4 T microMRI with minimal interference between PET electronics and MRI. PET compatible RF quadrature coils are being constructed which are capable of providing rat brain images with improved SNR. The preliminary results show the feasibility of performing PET/fMRI studies of rat brain and exploring the possibility of acquiring simultaneous PET/MRI whole body mouse images in the 9.4 T.


Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication after major head and neck surgery. In this study it was possible to predict fistula formation as early as the second postoperative day, using serial measurements of the amylase concentration in wound drainage. Wound amylase estimation may be used to help avoid major pharyngocutaneous fistulae by providing an 'early warning' and allowing modification of the postoperative feeding regimen in certain situations.


Recently we have reported indirect X-ray photon-counting imaging using CMOS photon detectors (CPD) and have shown its high spatial resolution with MTF of over 0.7 at 10LP/mm [1]. However, at that time its energy resolution potential and the quantum efficiency were totally unknown. Thus, there was a question about whether it can detect relatively low energy X-ray photons, for example around 20keV used for mammography, with sufficient quantum efficiency while eliminating counting errors. In this study we exposed the CPD test devices to near single energy X-ray photons of 19.5keV adopting a clinical mammography equipment and additional Mo filters, and measured output intensity distributions. We also fitted our intensity distribution model to the results estimating signal yield per keV and parameters for signal variation. We tested with 2 types of Hamamatsu Photonics CsI(Tl) scintillators. A CPD with J6675-01 scintillator plate has a signal distribution of 76% FWHM, still showing sufficient capability of photon counting with a little loss of actual signals. The signal yield is about 3.6 e-/keV. In the meanwhile, a CPD with J6675 has a superior distribution of 49% FWHM with signal yield of 7.1 e-/keV. In both types, the dominant factor of the variation is not shot noise or sensor noise but something that is proportional to the signal intensity. This variation factor is possibly attributed to random noise of scintillation intensity, which is about 28% rms in J6675-01 and 17% rms in J6675.


IntroductionIn the backdrop of the All Parties Conference (APC) convened by the Government of Pakistan on 9th September, 2013, it is appropriate to revisit the question of the costs and benefits of the war on terror for Pakistan. For policy makers, there is a dearth of quantitative material to consider; they usually have differing qualitative narratives emanating from official and unofficial sources1. On the quantitative side, normally there is only access to statistics related to registered and reported terrorism cases, and the number of dead and injured civilians2. The only official publication on the subject is a special report within the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2010-11(ESP 2010-11)3, which showed that the total cost of war on terror from 2001-02 to 2010-11 to be approximately US $ 67.926 billion4. The participants of APC 2013, however, chose not to express themselves quantitatively. Instead their preferred mode of expression was to identify the qualitative vis-a-vis 'costs' of war on terror. Accordingly, the Resolution of APC 2013 recorded:"There have also been colossal damages to social and physical infrastructure and huge consequential financial losses and adverse effects on our economy"5Conversely, no 'benefits' of the war on terror were alluded to in the Resolution6. The preference of qualitative expression of 'costs' may be due to political and diplomatic reasons; however, it is a fact that there is little or no research by independent sources on the issue and this might well be one of the reasons for not expressing the costs in quantitative terms. The situation, therefore, supports the need for serious quantitative research on the issue. This article, however, is not designed to fathom and quantify the 'costs' of the war on terror for Pakistan; it only proposes to explore and preface, to the extent possible, the methodology and framework for any such research in the future.Literature ReviewIn Pakistan, on the official level, the two-page special section of the ESP 2010-11forms the basis of any discussion. It may also be noted that after 2010-11, the subsequent issues of the annual ESP have omitted the special section on the costs of the war on terror as it relates to the Pakistan economy7. There is no dedicated portion in the ESP 2010-11 on the methodology of assessing or estimating the costs of this war. Two things are reported in the ESP 2010-11 about the assessment of the costs. First, the assessment of 'direct and indirect costs' was performed by an inter-ministerial committee constituting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and having representatives from Finance, Interior, Commerce and 'some other ministries' including representatives of two provinces that border Afghanistan8. Secondly, four assumptions that were the basis of the estimation of costs for the first year of the war on terror (2001) have been mentioned. The four assumptions were: (i) end of war by December, 2001; (ii) resumption of normalcy by January, 2002; (iii) ouster of the Taliban in Afghanistan (regime change) resulting in normalcy in Pakistan; and (iv) removal of an additional increase in freight cargo and war risk premium. It is also noted in the ESP that the assumptions have not yet been materialized, and the costs have continued to increase over the following years. Comprehensively addressing this subject is an article by Stiglitz (2012)9. The article focuses on the estimation of the costs of wars by the US in Iraq and Afghanistan. It addresses the methodological issues in assessing the costs and also tries to complete the picture by talking about the 'benefit' side of the equation. Without defining the term 'benefit' in the war on terror, the paper observes that assessing 'benefits' is 'difficult'10 and complex as two issues affect it, namely: first, the issue of choosing between threat diversion and threat destruction; and second, the endogeneity of opposition forces. On the other hand, the article argues that estimating the costs of war is 'easier' (though problematic in some elements). …


Over the years, scholarship on Indian environmental history has moved away from its early anxieties and concerns. Issues which are now so central to the contemporary aspirations of South Asian countries have taken over from an early and essential focus on the colonial state. The two books under review have opened up possibilities for a new kind of environmental history, which can be practised with global concerns and with a renewed concern for re-examining the discourse on science. D'Souza locates his examples in the eastern coast of British India, that is, the present state of Orissa, in order to study how Company administration began to treat inundation as a calamitous event rather than a geomorphological process (p. 52). To understand this complex but big shift in the meanings of inundation, D'Souza tells us how the 'introduction of capitalist property, by shifting the tax demand from the previous emphasis on the gross output to a rent on the land, initiated a drastically new administrative response to delta's hydraulic volatility' (p. 79). The author argues that while recurring floods were never new to the precolonial times, both the Mughal and Maratha political formations, through their 'calibrated and hedged system of social and political alliances', could successfully negotiate these recurring floods as occurring elsewhere in pre-British India. However, what does not become clear from the otherwise persuasive study of D'Souza is the political economy of the pre-colonial river embankments. They treated the recurring inundations as part of a broader process in which it was understood that the destructions of one season were often compensated by the abundance of the next phase of inundation. The author states that while inundations caused temporary


Locally rapairable codes (LRCs) are ingeniously designed distributed storage codes with a (usually small) bounded number of helper nodes participating in repair. Since most existing LRCs assume exact repair and allow full exchange of the stored data (β = α), they can be viewed as a generalization of the traditional erasure codes (ECs) with a much desired feature of local repair. However, it also means that they lack the features of functional repair and partial information-exchange (β <; α) in the original regenerating codes (RCs). Motivated by the significant bandwidth (BW) reduction of RCs over ECs, existing works by Ahmad et al and by Hollmann studied "locally repairable regenerating codes (LRRCs)" that simultaneously admit all three features: local repair, partial information-exchange, and functional repair. Significant BW reduction was observed. One important issue for any local repair schemes (including both LRCs and LRRCs) is that sometimes designated helper nodes may be temporarily unavailable, the result of multiple failures, degraded reads, or other network dynamics. Under the setting of LRRCs with temporary node unavailability, this work studies the impact of different helper selection methods. It proves, for the first time in the literature, that with node unavailability, all existing methods of helper selection, including those used in RCs and LRCs, are strictly repair-BW suboptimal. For some scenarios, it is necessary to combine LRRCs with a new helper selection method, termed dynamic helper selection, to achieve optimal BW. This work also compares the performance of different helper selection methods and answers the following fundamental question: whether one method of helper selection is intrinsically better than the other? for various different scenarios.


Conductivities of the electrolyte sodium acetate in three glycyl dipeptides solution (glycylglycine, glycyl-L-valine, and glycyl-L-leucine) were measured at 298.15 K. Values of limiting molar conductivities and the Walden product were calculated. The results show that the values for the sodium acetate decrease with the increasing of the concentration of peptides and values of Walden product are not constant.


Abstract : Aluminosilicate gels have been utilized in numerous optical, dielectric, and catalytic applications. These applications require a high degree of molecular homogeneity, but reproducible means of achieving this remain unobtainable for many compositions. In this work, reaction occurring in one of the most successful sol/gel processes are examined by means of both liquid and solid 13C, 29 si, 17), and Al NMR. The synthesis process studied was the method, optimized by Krol, of prehydrolyzing tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS, in ethanol, and subsequently adding aluminum sec-butoxide, and then further water. After prehydrolysis and addition of aluminum sec-butoxide, an aluminosilicate precursor is formed in which the aluminum is tetrahedrally coordinated to four silicate ligands. After adding further water, gelation is accompanied by the expansion of the tetrahedral aluminum to octahedral coordination; this apparently. occurs by nucleophilic attack of silanol groups on the aluminum in the aluminosilicate precursor. At sufficiently low water to silicon molar ratios, where transparent gels and longer gel times result, this coordination expansion is preceded by condensation of the silicate ligands to form Si-O-Si.


Throughout 2016-2021, there were 31 landslides that have caused physical, economic, and social damages. Bumiaji Sub-District has several tourist destinations that are potentially exposed to landslides. This study aims to create a landslide risk map in Bumiaji Sub-District. This research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Therefore, the data collected was secondary data obtained from Google satellite images, Google Street View, the digital elevation model from the National Geospatial Institution, and other literature reviews. The data was then analysed using a landslide risk assessment based on Perka BNPB Number 2/2012. The results of this risk analysis show that Bumiaji Sub-District is dominated by low-level risk (48%), followed by high-level risk (30%), and medium-level risk (15%). High-risk level is affected by high hazards and vulnerabilities, especially in Giripurno Village. High hazard level is affected by high intensity of rainfall, slope degree, the sensitivity of soil to erosion, and the type of land cover. High vulnerabilities are affected by physical, social, and economic aspects susceptible to losses.


Production method of a residual solvent is very small thermoplastic resin fine particle aqueous dispersion remaining in the resin particles, and, provides a toner for residual solvent is very little electrophotography. Self-water-dispersible thermoplastic resin, and swelling it in to the boiling point organic solvent of less than 100 ℃ capable of swelling but not dissolving, dispersing the swollen material obtained in the form of microparticles in an aqueous medium produced an initial aqueous dispersion, and the initial aqueous dispersion to prepare a dispersion by removing the organic solvent from the body. The toner for electrophotography is, the body from the dispersion containing the fine particles obtained by separating microparticles of the self-water-dispersible thermoplastic resin and dried. The aqueous dispersion, a thermoplastic resin, a toner, a swollen material, an organic solvent, a residual solvent, the phase-inversion emulsification method, a polyester resin


According to the current regulations and rules,the article analyses the status and weak- ness of safety management (emergency preparedness,external natural or human event)and economic de- velopment of nuclear power plant around planning restricted zone. The author puts forward suggestions to accelerate the construction of regulations and rules for the spe- cial planning restricted zone,and proposes establishing the nuclear power plant around planning restricted zone development fund for dynamic control and compensation,etc..


Nowadays in apartment housing, most of construction works are
 performed by subcontractors.
However the existing quality management systems are only focused
 on contractor's aspects.
The purpose of the study is to suggest the quality improvement
 methods through the analysis of quality management process in
 the construction site. The proposed methods may improve the work
 performance relations between contractors and subcontractors.


The rapid and accurate detection of partial discharge (PD) in AC metal enclosed switchgear (switchgear cabinet) is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of power grid and improve the reliability of power supply. At present, the main methods used to detect PD signal in high voltage (HV) switchgear cabinet are transient earth voltage (TEV), ultra high frequency (UHF) and ultrasonic emission (AE). Based on a simple comparison of the above three methods, this paper reviews the TEV detection method which is widely used and has formed many standards. The physical principle, instrument composition and requirements of TEV detection method and field technical standards are summarized. The related applications including comprehensive application analysis, multi-technologies joint detection, discharge power verification and positioning, PD transmission simulation and robot application are introduced. Finally, the technology prospect of integrated composite sensor and Internet of things (IOT) is given.


A 59-year-old woman presents with a purplish lesion on her left buttock, and a biopsy is performed. What is your diagnosis?


Orthopedic conditions, such as bone fractures, are very common in avian medicine. External fixators have been considered the gold standard for birds, since they allow early movement of the limbs and minimal invasive surgery. Fractures in several bones have been successfully treated in pigeons. However, to the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of successful surgical repair of tarsal-metatarsal fracture in rock pigeon. External fixator was made with four 24G catheters, being inserted manually proximal and distal to the fracture and connected with polymerizable acrylic. Radiographic consolidation of fracture was observed 60 days post-surgery and anti-inflammatory and antibiotic protocols were successful on avoiding pain and infection during surgery and bone healing.


Mercury-free UV-radiation sources are described. An electron beam similar to cathode-ray tubes (CRT) excites a luminescent material in a vacuum bulb. A high density of excitation requires the cathode and the luminescent material to be resistant for that and provide the extended lifetime of the UV-radiation source. Carbon fibre and nano-carbon based field-emission cathodes produce long lasting stable emission with a high current density (up to 0.3-0.5 A/cm2 ). Li2B4O7:Cu and Li2B4O7:Ag luminescent ceramics survive under high radiation doses and provide UV luminescence bands peaked at 360-370 nm and 270 nm, respectively. The luminescence band at 360-370 nm has a good overlap with the fundamental absorption edge of TiO2, which is known as a photo-catalyst in air and water cleaning systems. The luminescence band at 270 nm overlaps with DNA absorption and provides a direct disinfection effect. We suggest the structure of complex luminescence centres and energy transfer mechanisms. The electron structure of lithium tetraborate and the contribution of impurities are also discussed in paper.


Health professionals have an obligation to improve both the health of the individual and the public in a time of scarce resources. The Institute of Medicine (IOM), Healthy People Curriculum Task Force and professional education accreditation standards indicate the need for health care professionals to demonstrate competencies related to community engagement, basic health promotion skills and the ability to work effectively in interprofessional teams. An Interprofessional Course, IPE 413: Developing Care for a Vulnerable Population provides students the opportunity to collaborate to address health needs in cooperation with a community partner. Students work in teams to address the complex health care needs of an individual community member. The one hour elective course is open to students from nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, social work, and exercise science. Efforts are underway to explore the possibility of offering this course to medical students. Students are assessed on the knowledge and experience gained through this interprofessional experience using the Team Skills Scale and student reflections. Faculties from each of the disciplines utilize a collaborative model in the instructional design of the course. The content is co-taught and faculty not only role model interprofessional care, but also serve as mentors and resource personnel for the students as they work with their clients. Received: 07/10/2015 Accepted: 08/28/2015 © 2015 Laughlin et al. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. H IP & Team-Based Care for Vulnerable Populations EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY 2(4):eP1087 | 2 Introduction Higher education in the health sciences is under multiple demands to prepare learners for the future of health care with a significant focus on team-based care, also known as interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). According to the American Hospital Association (AHA, 2015), practicing primary care providers are challenged to meet the current needs of health care populations. The AHA identifies that health care providers need "to practice to reach their potential in a team-based model of care delivery" (AHA, 2015, p. 5). In 2011, the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice were established as the foundational skills all health care providers need for effective team-based care (Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel, 2011). Since this time, the accrediting bodies of the health science professions have put in place more stringent curricular requirements for interprofessional education (IPE) in order to prepare the health professions students for practice demands (Zorek & Raehl, 2013). Currently, academic institutions are now charged with implementing interprofessional education in order to prepare health sciences students for team-based care. Academic institutions have used multiple pedagogies to help students attain skills in collaboration and team-based care including simulation, case analysis, and service-learning. Dow, Blue, Konrad, Earnest, and Reeves (2013) identified challenges facing interprofessional education in higher education among the health sciences in regards to attaining the skills described in the Core Competencies (Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel [IPEC], 2011). One unmet area for IPE is related to health care providers working in underserved areas with vulnerable populations (Dow et al., 2013). Dow and colleagues (2013) report that current IPE has not been adequately preparing health sciences students for the complexities of providing care to patients affected by health disparities due to multiple social factors. According to Dow et al, "a student planning to practice in a resource poor, primary care setting needs specific skills in teamwork, leadership, and follower-ship that bolster collaboration by allowing all health care professionals to practice at the top of their licensed abilities" (Dow et al., 2013, p.353). An appropriate, yet complex pedagogy to prepare students for meeting the needs of vulnerable populations is community-based service learning. Several models regarding this approach to IPE have begun to emerge in the literature as exemplars in meeting the gap identified by Dow et al. (2013). Frequently identified in the literature as a pedagogical approach is the use of free clinics, which involve collaborative faculty participation and student involvement (Moskowitz, Glasco, Johnson, & Wang, 2006; Shrader, Thompson, & Gonsalves, 2010; Wang & Bhakta, 2013; Arndell, Proffitt, Disco, & Clithero, 2014; Farlow, Goodwin & Sevilla, 2015). These types of clinics in underserved communities are one avenue for exposing students to IPE with vulnerable populations. Students report learning how to collaborate and meet community needs in free clinic settings. Educational experiences with underserved populations also allow students the opportunity to learn the importance of overlapping roles and how to collaborate with limited resources to meet patient needs. This article will identify how an interprofessional community-based clinic course for health professions students frame their understanding of IPCP and builds proficiency based on the IPEC Core Competencies.


This paper outlines a methodology for evaluating operational performance in imaging and spectral instruments using non-sequential ray tracing (NSRT) optical modeling. The NSRT-based model allows the inclusion of components such as light sources, measurement targets, and optical instruments in a three-dimensional space, similar to computer-aided design (CAD). The proposed model propagates scalar energy and vector information of wavelength-dependent rays from the source through the target and instrument components, thus deriving spectral radiant power, irradiance, and radiance on the detector surface for performance estimation. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, several case studies were conducted, spanning across various scenarios and instrument sizes, demonstrating the versatility of the methodology.


AN ESSAY ON MICRO HETEROGENEITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF INEQUALITY Hyungsik Shin, PhD George Mason University, 2016 Dissertation Director: Dr. Robert Axtell The level of inequality has increased over the past several decades and reached at the historically high level in many developed countries. Yet, the traditional theory of supply and demand in labor has failed to elucidate the emergence of prevailing inequality from bottom up. In fact, its scope on inequality has been limited and overlooked the emergence of inequality through interactions of heterogeneous sub-systems in micro level. In this dissertation, therefore, I have used Agent-based Models as an alternative to traditional methods to understand the evolution of inequality given micro heterogeneity and bridge the gap between the theory and real world. In the first two chapters, I have studied how behaviors of ill-motivated heterogeneous individuals cause inequality to rise and severe crises. In the first chapter, it has focused to compare and contrast macro behaviors such as inequality and growth when the compensation system is vulnerable to free riding or not in an otherwise identical economy. The model results have demonstrated that if the compensation is ill-defined, individuals became selfish – free riders – and the economy became volatile hence experienced constantly rising inequality followed by crises. In the second chapter, it has examined the e↵ect of such ill-defined compensation system on inequality and growth via consumption channels – demand-driven recession. The simulation outcomes have revealed that even a mild income concentration in the hands of a few in the beginning could cause a terrible economic recession eventually because such an income squeeze led a decrease in consumption of the poor and middle class which in turns, drags down a whole economy. It has confirmed the wide-spreading belief that if the poor and middle class cannot a↵ord to buy goods and services, it causes a collapse of an economy eventually. In the last chapter, I have explored that when information – characteristics – about goods is the object of preference rather than goods per se, contrast to the traditional theory of supply and demand, how such a change in the preference object a↵ects market equilibrium and inequality in a barter-based economy. The simulation results have demonstrated that, depending on the ratio of characteristics of goods, even after finitely many numbers of trades, MRSs of goods do not necessarily converge to the optimal level. In other words, many agents are not content with their after-trade endowments but can't be helped because existing goods do not suit them to be Pareto optimal. When it comes to inequality, GINI coe cient, an index for measuring the level of inequality is limited to capture dynamics of the change in wealth over trades within a period. Thus, it is not clear that the change in the object of preference a↵ects the evolution of inequality over trades as well as over time. Chapter 1: Rent-seeking behavior, Inequality and Long-run Economic Growth


Query: In the past few years, chevron osteotomy has become more widespread in the treatment of mild Hallux valgus deformities thanks to its low rate of complications and excellent results. The results in moderate to severe deformities are not as convincing, depending on the surgical procedure used. The objective of this study was to examine the influence which the choice of surgical procedure and thus the osteotomy has on the clinical, radiological and pedobarographic results in the forefoot. Method: In a prospective study, we examined the surgical results of 140 feet treated between August 2004 and March 2005 in our clinic for moderate Hallux-Valgus deformity. In 70 patients, Ludloff osteotomy and in 70 the Scarf osteotomy was selected as the method. The patients underwent pre- and postoperative clinical, radiological and pedobarographic examination. In addition, patient satisfaction was determined using the Kitaoko Forefoot Score. Indication for performance of the osteotomy was a Hallux-Valgus deformity up to an intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of 17°. Results: The mean preoperative IMA was 14.5 °, the Hallux-Valgus angle (HVA) 31.3°. The IMA could be improved by Scarf osteomy on average by 7.6°, by Ludloff osteotomy by 8.1°. With suitable plantarisation of the 1st metatarsal head, better and more even pressure distribution in the forefoot could be achieved with both surgical procedures and the load peaks reduced overall. The complication rate was somewhat lower overall in the Scarf osteomy. Conclusion: Both the Scarf osteotomy, and the Ludloff ostetomy enable achieving of good results in moderate deformity. The extent to which one procedure should be preferred over the other could not be determined. Both procedures have advantages as well as disadvantages. Further attention to this area of Hallux-valgus surgery is definitely needed to meet the higher demands of the patients.


ABSTRACT We report the soil microbial diversity and functional aspects related to degradation of recalcitrant compounds, determined using a metagenomic approach, in a landfill lysimeter prepared with soil from Ghazipur landfill site, New Delhi, India. Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence and functional diversity of complex microbial communities responsible for waste degradation.


Synthetic layered double hydroxides (LDH) such as hydrotalcite (HT), (Mg/sub 6/Al/sub 2/(OH)/sub 16/) (CO/sub 3/) /times/ 4 H/sub 2/O, provide a highly basic (pK/sub a/ < 35) environment for supporting transition metals. Ruthenium was grafted onto a HT using Ru/sub 3/(CO)/sub 12/ as a precursor and was subsequently reduced under flowing H/sub 2/ at 275/degree/C to ruthenium metal. The supported catalyst exhibited substantial selectivity at 275/degree/C for C/sub 1/-C/sub 4/ alcohols at moderately low pressures (0-190 psig). Methanol was the most dominant oxygenated product. The factors effecting the thermal stability and selectivity properties of this new class of catalyst system are presented.


The electrochem. prepn. of Mn2(SO4)3 [13444-72-9] was studied in concd. H2SO4 (15-17M). The reaction must be effected at high temp. (80-90 Deg) and in the presence of Ag ion as catalyst. [on SciFinder (R)]


A flexible optical fiber probe for attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy with Fourier-transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope is developed. The probe is based on a hollow optical-fiber that comprises a polycarbonate thin tube and silver- and polymer-inner layers and that shows low losses in a wide wavelength range in the infrared. The probe has an ATR prism whose shape is optimized for use with hollow optical fibers. Some results on preliminary experiments show the potential uses of the probe in clinical applications. The probe is appropriate for in-vivo applications used with a thin endoscope because the fiber comprises only non-toxic and chemically durable materials.


We show results obtained from simulations of the optical turbulence (OT), provided by the atmospheric non-hydrostatic Meso-Nh model applied to the astronomical site of Roque de Los Muchachos (RLM) in the Canary Islands. The validation of the numerical technique is done comparing simulated and measured C N profiles obtained by different instruments operating during the same observation campaign of 11 nights. The results of this study show, for each night, a good average estimation of the OT obtained with Meso-Nh, compared to the dispersion of measurements from the different instruments. For the first time, the contribution to the optical turbulence of the radiation of the ground was studied. Quantitative estimations are given of the ability of the model to simulate the temperature near the ground around the telescope. Moreover, a set of 3D simulations shows that the horizontal distribution of the optical turbulence is not necessarily uniform, especially in the first 10 km above the ground. Finally, a study of the optimization of the optical turbulence parameterization in the model code is presented.


Background: Prescription auditing is a comprehensive clinical audit process that improves the quality of care by systematically reviewing treatment against defined criteria and making changes as a consequence. A prescription is a written order from a doctor to the person who will supply the drug. Every country has its own set of prescription information requirements and rules and regulations defining which pharmaceuticals require a prescription and who is eligible to write it.
Objective: The study aims to determine the quality of out-patient department (OPD) prescription forms in Indian tertiary care, highlighting the elements that should be written in a prescription to improve the institution's overall quality of care.
Methodology: This will be a cyclical activity that will assess prescriber's practice of generating  prescription orders, refining it to solve problems detected, and comparing the outcomes to audit criteria that have been agreed upon. This will be a cross sectional study conducted in AVBRH hospital setting and data will be collected from OBGY OPD and will be analyzed using SPSS Version 25.
Expected Results:  According to the findings of the various prescription audits, the percentage of drugs administered by generic name is lower than required. The average number of antibiotic prescriptions is higher than the prescribed amount. NLEM's suggested drug list should be expanded.
Conclusion:  Prescribers must be aware of the need to write prescriptions in legible handwriting with capital letters for pharmaceuticals with generic names, as well as receive continuous training and be encouraged to do so. The most important condition for a prescription is that it be clear, understandable, and specific.


s (1) 9-BBN achieves excellent chemoselectivity in the hydrobo-ration of nonsymmetrical dienes, resulting in the anti Markovni-kov products, often in >99% selectivity. 3 (2) Selective reduction of many functional groups can be achieved with 9-BBN, for example, the reduction of tertiary lac-tams to cyclic amines. 4 However, no reduction of nitro groups, alkyl halides and aryl halides is seen and conversion of groups such as epoxides and nitriles is slow. 5 (3) Carbon-carbon bond formation via palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of alkyl and alkenyl boranes allows synthesis of a wide variety of highly functionalised compounds. 6


Objective To appraise the clinical efficacy of PTA by Deep balloon combined with TAI in patients with diabetic foot.Methods Thirty four patients with diabetic foot were randomly divided into two groups-test group(n=17),the patients underwent PTA by deep balloon combined with TAI and control group(n=17),the patients underwent routine treatment,such as debridement,antibiotics and insulin.All the patients were follow up for 6-9 months.Results The total effective rate was 86.96% in test group and 60.87% in control group,There was a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05)).Conclusion The curative effect of PTA by deep balloon combined with TAI was better than the routine treatment.It could give a satisfactory prognosis and decrease of the disability rate.


In recent years,the number of global earthquake disasters has been increasing,and people has paid more attention to the earthquake disaster mitigation performance of the building.This article analysis the difference of base isolated structure architecture and traditional in earthquake resistant buildings,highlighting the key technology of the base isolation structure-base isolation layer and the isolation devices.With nearly 20 years of successful use of isolated examples of architectural structures,highlights the seismic isolated structures built on the superiority.Finally,with base isolation technology,economy,building on the future development of isolated structures were analyzed.


The higher technic education and higher polytechnic education were comparatively studied from the double aspects of history and caltivating target, and no essential difference was found, and the tendency of their development takes on integrlity, speediness and standardization at present.


A large international effort is under way to assess the presence of a shadow in the radio emission from the compact source at the centre of our Galaxy, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). If detected, this shadow would provide the first direct evidence of the existence of black holes and that Sgr A* is a supermassive black hole. In addition, the shape of the shadow could be used to learn about extreme gravity near the event horizon and to determine which theory of gravity better describes the observations. The mathematical description of the shadow has so far used a number of simplifying assumptions that are unlikely to be met by the real observational data. We here provide a general formalism to describe the shadow as an arbitrary polar curve expressed in terms of a Legendre expansion. Our formalism does not presume any knowledge of the properties of the shadow, e.g. the location of its centre, and offers a number of routes to characterize the distortions of the curve with respect to reference circles. These distortions can be implemented in a coordinate-independent manner by different teams analysing the same data. We show that the new formalism provides an accurate and robust description of noisy observational data, with smaller error variances when compared to previous approaches for the measurement of the distortion.


"Exploring The Arts" is the story of an experiment in teaching appreciation of the arts at the college level at Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio. The course was developed after two years of planning and one year of experimentation. Mr. Shackson, chairman of the Division of Fine Arts, tells the story of this venture and it is hoped the plan at Otterbein may stimulate other ventures of this type.


Oulanka National Park, Finland aims to ensure nature conservation while providing high quality visitor experiences. The growth of outdoor recreation and nature tourism, however, has fueled concern about consequent pressures on the natural resources of the park. This analysis assessed the spatial relationship between biodiversity hotspots and visitor distributions within Oulanka National Park. Known occurrences of rare or threatened species (lichen, moss, fungi, and vascular plants) within the park were used as indicators of biodiversity. Areas with a high density of threatened and endangered species (i.e. biodiversity hotspots) were identified through kernel density analysis and compared to the spatial distribution of visitor use within the park. Results indicate important habitats for endangered species are often located nearby or on the edge of high visitor use zones leaving them vulnerable to human impacts. Further research will investigate the relationships between visitor experiences at specific spots and acceptance of nature management measures.


ABSTRACT The search for new nutritional alternatives that favor human health is related to one of the world's tendencies in science and food technology nowadays: research on food with functional properties (antioxidant activity, prebiotic activity, intestinal motility, among others), mainly regions' autochthonous products, from which the productive sector can benefit thanks to its transformation and added value generation. In this review, the importance of four Andean food items with the potential to be explored and maximized by obtaining functional products is described. Because of the fact that blackberry, yacón, açaí and yellow pitahaya are promissory Andean foods with exceptional qualities for consumers' health, information was gathered about studies and possible effects in treatment of diseases, and the most used methods for the product and therefore for their biocompounds. It was concluded that this kind of food items represents important alternatives for the transformation and extraction of biocompounds (pigments, antioxidants, fructo-oligosaccharides, fiber, among others), in which non-thermal technologies play a fundamental role in conserving their functional properties, and at the same time, strengthen rural agro-industry and the exploitation of autochthonous products for strengthening region's and world's economy.


Objective To investigate CT features of biliary stricture developed after liver transplan-tation and to evaluate CT examination in diagnosing different biliary strictures. Methods Fifty-five patients with biliary stricture were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). CT features were observed and a comparison of CT findings between ischemic biliary stricture group (IBS, n = 23) and non-ischemic biliary stricture group (NIBS, n = 32) was made. The related statistic analysis was conducted. Results PTC or ERC exam confirmed IBS in 23 cases and NIBS in 32 cases. With multislice spiral CT scan, biliary dilatation in different degree was found in 54 cases (98.18%), and one case of IBS missed diagnosis, who had diffuse intrahepatic bile duct stricture but no extrahepatic biliary dilatation. The biliary stricture at hepatic hilum and the irregular dilatation of intrahepatic bile duct in IBS group were 91.30% and 69.57% respectively, which were significantly higher than that in NIBS group (12.50% and 37.50% respectively), with the unilateral P value 0.01. The occurrence of the anastomotic stricture, the extrahepatic dilatation and the regular dilatation of intrahepatic bile duct in IBS group was 34.78%, 34.78% and 26.09% respectively, which was significantly lower than that in NIBS group (84.38%, 90.63% and 62.5% respectively), with the unilateral P value 0.01. CTA detected hepatic artery stenosis in 16 amidst 23 cases with IBS and 5 amidst 32 cases with NIBS. The incidence of hepatic artery stenosis was markedly higher in IBS group (unilateral P value 0.01). In IBS group, severe hepatic artery stenosis was developed in 5 cases with intrahepatic biloma and in 2 caseswith biliary abscess. Two-thirds cases with bile leak were accompanied by IBS. On CTA scan, hepatic artery thrombosis was found in one and severehepatic artery stenosis in another one. Conclusion IBS and NIBS carry different CT features, including the location of the biliary stricture, the location and the type of the secondary biliary dilatation. The main characteristics of IBS are the biliary stricture at hepatic hilum and the irregular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct. CTA can also demonstrate the related hepatic arterial disorders, which is very useful information for clinical treatment.


Introduction Dissolved Al(III) forms polynuclear hydroxo complexes such as AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12 (aq) (Al13, ε-Keggin) and (AlO4)2Al28(OH)56(H2O)26 (aq) (Al30). Both nanoclusters are stable in acidic solutions due to their high positive charge. Their aqueous chemistry is of great interest in relation to many geochemical processes, including interactions with various environmentally significant anionic species like phosphates, arsenates and antimonates.


This work covers the history of the landscape, the climate, the vegetation, the vertebrate animals, Aboriginal association with the land, and conservation and the future.


Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a chronic genetic disorder due to a mutation in the β-globin gene with resulting abnormal expression of hemoglobin S (Hb S). Homozygous Hb SS, with two copies of abnormal β-globin chain, is associated with anemia, repeated ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inflammation that can affect all organs, and can lead to acute chest syndrome, stroke, vasculopathy, and kidney disease.1 Hypertension is recognized and reported in adults with SCD where the abnormal blood pressure (BP) is commonly associated with pulmonary hypertension or chronic kidney disease.2 In children with SCD, clinic BP measurements are commonly normal or low. However, recent reports, in which investigators used 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to examine out-ofoffice BP, describe abnormal ambulatory BP patterns, in children with SCD.3-5 Their findings of normal clinic BP with ambulatory hypertension are characteristic of masked hypertension. For example, in a sample of 52 children with SCD, Becker et al3 identified masked hypertension in 35% of the patients and 56% lacked the normal nocturnal dip in BP. In 21% of the SCD children, microalbuminuria was present and their nocturnal BP dip was less than those without microalbuminuria. The publication by Stabouli et al6 in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension provides additional insights on abnormal BP in SCD. The investigators enrolled 16 pediatric patients with SCD and a comparator group of 16 pediatric patients who had been referred for suspicion of hypertension; thus, the comparator group was considered at high risk for hypertension. All participants had ABPM and also measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Office hypertension was detected in 12.5% in SCD children compared to 43.8% of children at risk for hypertension. On ABPM 18.5% of SCD children had ambulatory hypertension compared to 25% among those with high risk for hypertension. Ambulatory hypertension in SCD children was consistently nocturnal hypertension. One child at risk for hypertension had both office and ambulatory hypertension resulting in 18.8% masked hypertension among the children at risk for hypertension. Therefore, the prevalence of masked hypertension appeared to be similar in the two groups. Interestingly, 25% of the SCD children had cfPWV > 95th % and 18.8% of the high risk for hypertension children had cfPWV > 95th%. Thus, prevalence of masked hypertension and elevated cfPWV was similar in the two groups. However, the underlying determinants of these hemodynamic and vascular phenotypes are quite different. It is assumed that in this study the children considered at risk for hypertension did not have any underlying secondary cause of their abnormal BP, and they represented children at high risk for primary hypertension. Increased cfPWV, an estimate of vascular stiffness, has been reported in children with hypertension and with pre-hypertension7 and is thought to be indicative of hypertensive mediated target organ damage. Children with SCD already have a serious chronic disease, and the masked hypertension is most likely secondary to vascular consequences of SCD. Children with SCD typically have elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). With a later decline in GFR, albuminuria is commonly found. Patients with SCD are at high risk for developing chronic kidney disease in early adulthood,8 and significant renal pathology has been documented in some children with SCD.9 The exact mechanism for the nephropathic injury is currently not known. However, it is reported that angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for one year appeared to stabilize GFR and lower albumin excretion, suggesting potential benefits of early interventions on albuminuria.10 The findings reported by Stabouli et al in this issue draws attention to abnormalities in BP and vascular stiffness in SCD. This publication and other recent reports indicate that clinical management of children with SCD should include screening for abnormal BP that includes out-of-office BP assessment. Further research is also needed to determine possible interventions that could mitigate the vascular and organ injury due to SCD that is already underway in childhood.


This article examines gendered and ethnicised discourses of national identity in Australian and Japanese television advertisements. Both content analysis and audience response research are used to argue that such symbolic representations of the nation routinely reflect and reinforce, and occasionally challenge, the marginalisation of women and ethnic Others in Australia and Japan.


Models are the keystones in model-driven systems development. They describe systems at different layers of abstraction and with a focus to different domains. For each domain, dedicated domain specific visual modelling languages are used for model definitions with the idea to separate concerns to different domain experts. This enables precise problem and requirement definitions and should decrease efforts in developing and validating systems. We focus on multi-view models that are in relationship with source models by triple graph grammars. A multi-view model provides different views of the source model at different layers of abstraction but within the same DSL which is typically different from the DSL of the source model. In practice, elements in different views may overlap. We present an informal methodology for consistently propagating updates from one view to the other views and also to the source domain. We motivate our approach by multi-view models in a hospital scenario.


This study is an analysis of the differences in Receptivity toward Direct Mail between Anglophones (English Canadians) and Francophones (French Canadians). A Receptivity toward Direct Mail model is proposed and demonstrated. This model integrates the Pay Attention To, Cognitive, Affective/Motivational, and Behavioral stages as well as various demographic data, lifestyle preferences and culture dimensions (Acculturation and Culture Identity). Due to the exploratory nature of the study, conclusions are formulated in terms of further work to be accomplished to better understand the situation.


Text-based CAPTCHAs are still the most widely used CAPTCHA mode. Many researchers have proposed attack methods to break them. In previous attacks, segmentation-based methods require at least three steps: preprocessing, segmentation, and recognition, which means that different modes of CAPTCHA require various preprocessing and segmentation algorithms. In recent years, a series of deep learning (DL) models have been designed for cracking text-based CAPTCHAs. However, these methods require annotating numerous images, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised DL-based solver for breaking text-based CAPTCHAs, which can use a small number of labeled CAPTCHAs to achieve a high-performance attack model. The CNN module and the attention-based Seq2Seq module are two key components for effective feature extraction and character recognition. The experimental results show that our solver successfully attacked 9 types of most popular text-based CAPTCHAs, and the attack success rate is better than the four latest attack models. In addition, our model does not perform any data preprocessing and has a fast attack speed, making it more suitable for real-time attacks. The code and dataset are available on the github.


and and theories that are often The experience gained from the research and presentation of conflict-ing ideas in a participants to effectively contribute scientific knowledge to poli-cy-making entities objective of the debates remains the has up its to proactively to policy and national international involving entomological both the scientific community and general public on entomol-ogy-related areas were for scientific topic were debated: Traditional breeding programs host plant resistance to insects effective transgenic programs. Three teams were recruited to work on each topic statement, with one team presenting an unbiased intro duction, one the Pro side, and one the Con side. They were all involved in semester-long preparation and meeting deadlines before the final showdown. Entomological the distinguished the


dw dx = e −x/2 √ 2πx , where x = Γ/〈Γ 〉 is the resonance width measured in the units of its mean value. We analyze the influence of the resonance overlapping and show that the experimentally observed deviations from of the PTD arise due to the influence of a moderate number of neighboring resonances located inside a restricted energy interval within which the mean level spacing D remains constant.


The following paper evaluates the strength properties of the critical area of the turbine rotor stage of a jet engine. This is where the blade is attached to the rotor disk. Important aspects of this issue are characteristic geometrical dimensions and operating factors, e.g., changes in rotor speed. In the article, the strength properties of the rotor stage with a trapezoidal blade–disk connection were analyzed using parametric analysis considering fluid–structure interaction (FSI). Virtual models of the compressor rotor stages were developed, including parametric blade–disk connections and discrete models for FEM (finite element method) and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analyses. The parametric analysis was aimed at assessing selected geometric parameters in terms of their impact on the maximum stresses in the blade root. The analysis performed shows that by changing the blade's width and thickness angles at the root, we can influence the value of the maximum stresses in the rotor stage. It was noticed that some combinations of these two parameters may negatively affect the value of the stresses in the rim.


The following is an adaptation of Timur Kuran's formal analysis of the way revolutionary activity spreads, sometimes rapidly and unexpectedly, among previously docile populations (1989).1 The logic of bandwagons and deterrence in such cases resembles that observable in the interactions between center and regions in multilevel states such as Russia. Besides adapting Kuran's model to the case of intergovernmental relations in a divided state, I suggest two natural extensions. These are to incorporate central strategies of fiscal appeasement into the analysis of how protests spread, and to consider the way that imperfect information affects such central strategies. Consider a two-level state consisting of a central government and N regional governments, subscripted i.2 The center sets net tax (or subsidy) rates for each of the N regions, Ti e (2`, ̀ ). Next, each of the N regional governors decides simultaneously on a course of action, Xi e {A, R}, where A constitutes accepting the center's authority and paying the tax (accepting the subsidy), and R constitutes rejecting the center's authority and withholding the tax (refusing the subsidy). Assume that at a given moment the center has a fixed stock of resources it can use to sanction recalcitrant governors, and that it is irrevocably and incorruptibly committed to punish all defectors to the limit of its ability, splitting the punishment between them. Thus, if Xi 5 R, the governor of i will be subjected to a central punishment that decreases his utility by an amount negatively related to the number of regions choosing R (denoted NR). 3 Governors are assumed to derive positive utility from both income and local political support. They suffer utility losses when they remit taxes to the center, since any revenue remitted either reduces the governors' own tax take or his local support (since constituents do not like paying more tax and expect their governor to negotiate a favorable deal with the center). However, support of local constituents does not depend just on the level of tax they are required to pay. It also depends on how historical, cultural, and other factors predispose constituents to respond to conflicts between their regional governor and the center, independent of the impact such conflicts may have on tax rates. Populations of different regions have different propensities to "rally round" behind a local leader in confrontations with the center. Let si (e [0, 1]) denote region i's "rallying-round" factor—the exogenous propensity of its population to support a regional leader who defies the center because of the act itself, regardless of instrumental calculations. A high value of si—i.e., a population prone to rally behind the governor—suggests that a provincial leader can earn a high support premium by defying the center. Assume that si varies across regions, but that its distribution is common knowledge. Governor i's choice of action, then, depends on the balance between three factors.


This article discusses the relationship between productive public expenditure and long-term economic growth with a two-section growth model, and gets the following conclusion: the amount of input of government productive public expenditure depends on the comparison of the output elasticity of different sectors. This conclusion provides a strong theoretical support to the construction of harmonious and innovative society and the mode of economic growth through the change of government public expenditure.


In this paper, we develop an equivalent approximation approach to obtain the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equations of intertemporal decision problems under uncertainty. An implicit discount function is adopted in the derivation of the rate of change of value function for the HJB equations to provide the broadest coverage of time preferences. Meanwhile, we provide an illustrative example for application by revisiting the intertemporal consumption and portfolio decisions problem. Furthermore, we verify the validity of our approach in robustness tests by incorporating exponential, nonconstant, and stochastic hyperbolic discounting functions, respectively. The HJB equations and their resulting decision rules in the finite and infinite planning horizons have confirmed that our approach provides an efficient and reliable alternative to acquire the HJB equations in the intertemporal economic issues under uncertainty.


Time‐of‐flight camera systems are an essential component in 3D scene analysis and reconstruction for many modern computer vision applications. The development and validation of such systems require testing in a large variety of scenes and situations. Accurate room impulse response simulation greatly speeds up development and validation, as well as reducing its cost, but large computational overhead has so far limited its applicability. While the overall algorithmic requirements of this simulation differ significantly from 3D rendering, the recently introduced hardware raytracing support in GPUs nonetheless provides an interesting new implementation option. In this article, we present a new room response simulation method, implemented in a vendor‐independent fashion with Vulkan compute shaders and leveraging NVIDIA VKRay hardware raytracing. We also extend this method to multi‐GPU computation with asynchronous streaming and introduce a domain‐specific high‐performance compression scheme in order to overcome the limitations of on‐board GPU memory and PCIe bandwidth when simulating very large scenes. Our implementation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first ever combined application of Vulkan hardware raytracing and multi‐GPU compute in a non‐rendering simulation setting. Compared to a state‐of‐the‐art multicore CPU implementation running on 12 CPU cores, we achieve an overall speedup factor of up to 20 on a single consumer GPU, and 71 on four GPUs.


Humans are constantly exposed to a rich tapestry of visual information in a potentially changing environment. To cope with the computational burden this engenders, our perceptual system must use prior context to simultaneously prioritise stimuli of importance and suppress irrelevant surroundings. This study investigated the influence of prediction and attention in visual perception by investigating event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with these processes, N170 and N2pc for prediction and attention respectively. A contextual trajectory paradigm was used which violated visual predictions and neglected to predetermine areas of spatial interest, to account for the potentially unpredictable nature of a real-life visual scene. Participants (N=36) viewed a visual display of cued and non-cued shapes rotating in a five-step predictable trajectory, with the fifth and final position of either the cued or non-cued shape occurring in a predictable or unpredictable spatial location. Results showed both enhanced N170 and N2pc amplitudes to unpredictable compared to predictable stimuli, and furthermore the N170 was larger to cued than non-cued stimuli. In accordance with previous research these results suggest the N170 is in part a visual prediction error response with respect to higher-level visual processes, and furthermore the N2pc may index attention reorientation. The results demonstrate prior context influences the sensitivity of the N170 and N2pc electrophysiological responses. The findings suggest attention boosts the precision of prediction error signals, furthering our understanding of how expectation can modulate prediction in selective visuospatial attention. Implications of this research provide insight into how prior context in visuospatial motion guides attention in a visual scene.


THE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE has evolved from a small workshop where technologists exchanged ideas on using computers for designing arti-facts as diverse as buildings and electronic circuits to a large event with a rich technical program coupled with a trade show and commercial presentations. In its 40 years, DAC has maintained an exemplary balance between its technical and commercial souls. Graduate students and faculty see DAC as the premiere showcase for their research. EDA companies consider DAC the place to present their strategic directions and new tools to customers. Semiconductor and electronic systems companies regard DAC as the forum to have their needs heard and the place to find new tools and methodologies. DAC is the crossroad where young researchers and professionals meet with the electronics industry icons and the academic stars. It is the place where the hopes of startups materialize or evaporate, and venture capitalists scout talents and ideas. DAC's secret to longevity and relevance has been in its chameleon-like ability to mutate according to the changing industrial landscape: It has added new topics and entire tracks, such as the recently introduced embedded-system design track, as soon as the commu-nity's interest in these areas arose. New components— from demo suites, floor talks, and the silicon village to the recently introduced DAC pavilion—have been added, tried, evolved, or dropped, as needed. Building on past successes, DAC has continually innovated and evolved, but has always provided a forum for researchers and practitioners , keeping the research relevant and the hype contained. It has even forced traditional conference sponsors, the volunteer societies, from a monitoring role to active participation in community building and support. To the volunteers who serve as its organizers, DAC is also the most elaborate " service " ever thought of— although vied for as a distinction of honor, working on DAC is exhausting, and at times exasperating and excruciatingly detailed, in all its aspects, from technical program to panels to exhibit floors. DAC's organization reflects—as does the discipline that DAC represents— the exacting optimization of all possible variables and meticulous details into a single chorus that magically comes together year after year. For 40 years, DAC orga-nizers—the general and technical program chairs— have blended the cacophony of program elements into a single successful show. Earlier this year, IEEE Design & Test challenged this group of individuals to recall the most memorable moments and share with our readers …


Growth…Development…Progress…- These seem very attractive and rosy words, which attract us a lot. India has started progressing by leaps and bounds. With the massive change in the economic policy of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization in 1991, India has moved on the path towards modernization, urbanization, industrialization and great technical and professional advancement. Youth of India today is found crazy behind fulfilling their dreams and desires through this path. Tremendous growth of private sector enterprises is observed in our country. A number of educated youth are employed in these sectors. Physical growth, material prosperity, luxurious life style and urban habitation are considered only as a synonym of success. And hence our education system has become exam oriented and competition oriented only. Will it lead our nation towards the true 'Swaraj' dreamed by Mahatma Gandhi? Obviously not. According to Gandhi "Education should be so revolutionized as to answer the wants of the poorest villager, instead of answering those of an imperial exploiter. India's way is not Europe's, and India lives in seven hundred thousand villages." The dilemma of rural management education is between explicit value orientation towards the betterment of the poor and the value neutral optimization approach of conventional management education. In most of the cases, the situation of the students of rural management is very strange and full of dilemma. In their education, theories of rural development are discussed but the reality is quite different. Management education is provided through the books and case studies keeping in view the management principles and theories developed in foreign countries. They are given examples of corporate world and large scale industries. Sometimes practical application of such knowledge into real rural life is not possible. Thus, the students feel gap between the knowledge they gain and their practical life. Gradually, the direction of their thinking starts changing.


The article is devoted to the complex analysis of the social and economic and cultural rights and freedoms as the essential element of constitutional legal status of the person and the citizen in the Russian Federation. Their place and role in the whole system of rights and freedoms are determined by the author.


This article discusses a kind of infrared asynchronous serial communication system.This system implements wireless data communication between two personal computers based on windows98 swiftly and efficiently. According to the experiment, medical apparatus or peripheral equipment can also communicate with PCs without cable.


This article examines Jesus of Nazareth through the lens of a theory that challenges the weak points of the two paradigms that dominate the current historical research in this field, while more effectively explaining traits ascribed to the figure of Jesus revealing an incredible humanistic profile. Anthropology, psychology and sociology will contribute in a very important way to the analyses developed in this article.

The strength of the logic based on evidence would have prevailed on propositions which were not demonstrated, nor they were necessary, whose only effectiveness was in being deeply rooted inside men's minds.
(Frova and Maranzana 1998, 29) Galileo Galilei


Objective: To determine the clinical value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in diagnosing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) associated with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) population. Methods: Plasma BNP was determined in 59 MHD patients with normal ejection fraction. The ratio of early to late annular velocity (E'/A') was determined by tissue Doppler imaging as a parameter of diastolic function. Results: LVDD occurred in 66% of the patients. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses identified a cut-off of 353.6 pg ml−1 as the one with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting LVDD. Conclusions: Plasma BNP may serve as a potential biomarker in diagnosing LVDD in MHD patients with normal systolic function.


The self-radiation of an extended absorbing medium under the action of a laser field with a fast-changing frequency is studied. The oscillations in the time-dependent intensity of the medium radiation are found. These oscillations are caused by the beatings between the vibrations of the oscillator at the fast-changing exciting and constant resonance frequencies. The time duration between local peaks of the oscillations is inversely proportional to the difference between the resonance frequency of the oscillator and the instantaneous laser frequency.


The theory of multiple causations to ocular inflammations is far from being new. Irons €9 Brown (1923) examined causal factors for 100 patients with iritis. Those present were syphilis, gonorrhea, other urogenital infections, tuberculosis, infections in tonsils, teeth, sinuses, and other infections. In 37 cases they found more than one cause, but that one was the more important. In 17 patients with "combined infections", it was impossible to select a single one as being particularly important. DukeElder (1947) supported the theory of multiple foci; one attack of a disease might be provoked by one focus, a new attack from another. The theory was definitely built on an experimental basis when the pathogenesis of an ocular inflammation was considered to be a sensitization, with later provocations. Shwartzman (1930) showed that the phenomenon that carries his name, may be provoked in an unspecific way. Bordet (1936) demonstrated that tuberculous infection, besides tuberculin reactivity, caused an unspecific hyperergy to several other bacterial proteins. Holxberger €9 Packalh (1954) brought about a stronger reaction in tuberculous foci of experimental animals, by unspecific inoculation (of coli bacilli), than by injection of tuberculin. Vaubel(l932) and Kneppe &' Wder (1935) provoked inflammations in sensitized animals merely by unspecific stimuli, that might be mechanical, termic or chemical. Conditions, resembling phlyctenulosis, might be provoked experimentally by several unspecific factors (Sorsby, 1942). In this work, how ever, it has been statistically demonstrated that there exists one pr incipal correlation for the diseases phlyctenulosis, scleritis, sclerokeratitis, and for the non-uniform group ic chr + : to tuberculosis. In a similar way one principal correlation exists for both groups of acute ic : to urogenital infection followed by arthritis, most frequently as certain or suspected spa. In this respect episcleritis is the most interesting, caused by specifictuberculous-infection as well as by unspecific bacterial attacks.


Government reports indicate that many New Zealand schools have few supports for teaching as inquiry. Recent developments in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), however, appear to provide new tools which could support several aspects of teachers' inquiries, such as digital portfolios and online collaboration platforms. This literature review investigates what barriers there might be for ICT to support teaching as inquiry, primarily in a New Zealand setting. It challenges the prevailing notion that teachers' failure to recognise the potential of technology is the single most critical missing strategy for inquiry development, and shows that a variety of other factors continue to have significance in the literature. The implication of this review is that a variety of strategies appear to be required to support teachers in using ICT for an inquiry approach to teaching, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.


For evaluating feasibility of field control of stone fruit tree crown gall,a medication experiment with completely randomized design was carried out in field from 2008 to 2009 to control crown gall of 3-year-old plantlet of Prunus domestica×armeniaca cultivars.Indexes of relapse rate of crown gall,the time of relapse,base diameter growth and fructifications were recorded for assessment of control effect.Benefit was evaluated by comparison of input of medication and output of fruit yield during a 10-year orchard produce period.Results show that relapse of crown gall symptoms was significantly prolonged after treated by chemicals,which helped the diseased tree to grow normally during growing season.All chemicals had no obvious effect to decrease overall relapse rate with 100 % of relapse rate.The difference of the base diameter growth between treated and healthy seedlings was not significantly whereas it was significantly compared with that of diseased seedling controls.Overall production of fruit was significantly different among treatments,i.e.healthy control,diseased control and chemical treatments(F 3,123=9.346,P0.001 in 2008 and F 3,123=10.347,P0.001 in 2009).No significant difference of fruit production was found between healthy control and trees treated by Chitosan Citric Acid Salt,whereas production of both healthy and a Chitosan Citric Acid Salt treatment was significantly higher than that of disease control.Overall fruit production of Chitosan Citric Acid Salt treated tree was 10 %~20 % lower than that of healthy control.Based on conservative estimation on input and output of 7 years production,redemptive loss by medication was obviously higher than loss caused by crown gall or by re-planting seedlings,even it was lower than output from healthy trees.Therefore,it is feasible to control early stage crown gall with selective chemicals or medicines and with appropriate approaches.


In choreography, the relationship between body and space is fundamental. Not only in the performing arts, it is an essential part in space design as well. In this sense, the comparison study between performing arts and space design will have various helpful aspects from which a creative design can be derived. This thesis aims to study spatial characteristics and expression methods in the choreography of performing arts that is dance in this case. The general background study of the relationship between body movement and space design in the modern art and architecture was explained in advance. And then its application in choreography was studied. Two case choreographers were selected: Merce Cunningham and Frederic Flamand. They have unique ways of designing and choreographing the relationship between body movements and stage spaces. This thesis attempts to find the differences as well as common characteristics between the two choreographers in terms of how they relate bodily movements and emotions into the given space.


The article aims to present and analyze political and legal thought of Olympe de Gouges, a French revolutionary activist, who is considered one of the most important precursors of modern feminism. Her writings should be situated in the context of radical egalitarian doctrines, influential during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The paper also shows an impact of this pre-feminist thought on the private and public law of the Revolution. Las part is devoted to a comparison of de Gouges' ideas with some contemporary feminist discourses.


This research aim to obtain a description applyingRealistic Mathematic Education (RME) approach able to improving student c om prehens ion class VII MTs Alkhairaat Tondo on word problem fract io n matter . This research is a classroom action research , with refers to the design of the research Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart , that is planning, action, observation, and reflection. T he results of research indicating applying Realistic Mathematic Education approachwich can understanding im pro vementstudent to pass trought the steps is to (a) C o mprehend the contextual problematword problem fract io n matter, to serve up the techer contectual problem and then student to ask C o mprehend the contextual problem, (b) clarifying the contextual problematword problem fract io n matter, ait help techer to giving with important signpost to give which can student to direct for C o mprehend the problem, ( c ) com pared and cover a lot of ground to  the rejoinder, techer to ask student co m pared and cover a lot of ground to  the rejoinder with friends group and then to ask student co m pared and cover a lot of ground to  the rejoinder possession in discussion class ( d ) conclude , techer to direct student for to drauw aconclusion about problem solve or concept from to learn matter.


Publication bias, outcome reporting bias, and spin led to an "overly positive representation" of results from trials of second generation antidepressants for treating anxiety disorders, a study in JAMA Psychiatry has found.1

In the trial Annelieke M Roest and colleagues, of University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, studied the results of phase II and III double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials that were submitted for review by the US Food and Drug Administration in pursuit of marketing approval for second generation antidepressants for five anxiety disorders, comparing them with results that appeared in journal articles.

Nine drugs were evaluated in the trials: seven selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine hydrochloride, paroxetine controlled release, sertraline hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate, fluvoxamine CR, and escitalopram …


Abstract In an uncompleted paper, the glaciological observations made by the late Michael Holland and his party in the mountainous Sukkertoppen region of West Greenland (lat. 66° N.) during the summer of 1956 are described. Notes on the features of this region and of the present state of the glaciers were fairly complete; it is felt that these should be put on record as likely to be of use to future workers. It is concluded that in recent years retreat of the main glaciers appears to have been very slight. Pit measurements were made and tabulated and comparisons were made with the earlier findings by Etienne in the same area. No notable difference in the annual accumulation is yet apparent; it is tentatively concluded that there may have been a small increase, but caution is heeded in interpretation as the nearest meteorological stations lie at some distance.


A linearization algorithm for the envelope supply voltage waveform is proposed for an open-loop multi-switcher envelope tracking power amplifier (ETPA). To maintain the fidelity of the supply voltage, we develop a two-step method comprising "non-linear pre-emphasis" and "envelope memory polynomial digital predistortion", where the captured supply voltage of an RFPA is used. An ETPA is demonstrated using a 45 V CMOS multi-switcher envelope modulator and a 2.14 GHz 30 W GaN RFPA. The measured envelope absolute RMS error and ACLR are improved to 1.3% and -45 dBc from 6.4% and - 36dBc, respectively, compared with conventional pre-emphasis.


This paper presents enhancement of the load range of dual band real to real matching networks for a given frequency ratio through load shifters. The proposed structure is a simple L-section and has versatility to serve any impedance environment ranging from almost a short circuit to nearly an open circuit for any frequency ratio. In this paper, the cascaded stepped impedance structure proposed by Monzon is analyzed in details using Smith chart, and its limitations regarding the load range with increase in frequency ratio have been studied. The proposed load shifter has been successfully applied to Monzon's structure at larger frequency ratios for both small and large loads. The simulated and the measured results are in a good accordance. This structure can also be used with any other regular matching network capable of matching limited range of load.


Assessment of blood flow velocity in Doppler images is of great importance in clinical studies and research. From the Doppler waveform envelope, numerous indices can be obtained, such as the pulsatility index, resistance index, and systolic/diastolic ratio, as well as acceleration of the blood through valves. The evaluation for the Doppler images is usually conducted offline and manually by the physicians. Fully-automatic detection of the envelope has the advantages of being convenient, time and labor saving. The main objective of this paper is to propose an automated technique based on image processing and computer vision algorithms for real-time tracing of the waveform envelope in a sequence of pulsed Doppler images. To this end, first we establish an information-theoretic image model and a statistical shape-driven dynamical model, which are used to address the large degree of noise and poor contrast common in this application. Relying upon these two models, we construct a discrete Kalman filter for the recursive estimation of the blood velocity envelope, while taking into account the measurement noise from these two sources. The models and Kalman filter form an adaptive weighting, closed-loop envelope tracing framework. We present the theory and implementation of our methodology, and demonstrate its ability to accurately trace the blood flow velocity in pulse wave Doppler images as well as its robustness to noise and computational efficiency.


Spectroscopic data are analyzed by fitting a collisional-radiative model to the emission spectrum of a low-temperature plasma in the wavelength range of visible light. The inference procedure employs Bayesian probability theory and accounts for all measurement and model uncertainties. An effort is made to assign well-justified uncertainties to the atomic data needed for the description of the plasma. The credibility region of the reconstructed electron energy distribution function is obtained by the analysis.


Significant similarities between this paper and a number of other papers have been identified, as well as indication of image and data manipulation suggestive of the use of a "paper mill". These papers share common structures and wording yet do not share any common authors. The authors did not provide a sufficient response or evidence to refute these claims. As a result, the scientific accuracy of this paper is not reliable. The corresponding author notified the Journal Editor that all authors agree with retraction of the paper and the authors apologize to the readership of the Journal for any inconvenience caused. Adhering to the international guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics, the Journal has determined these are grounds for retraction.


The present invention CPAVKRDVDLFLT: about combination with other peptides for (SEQ ID NO 1) peptide consisting of the sequence of the hydrochloride salt, as well as immunosuppressive purposes. .BACKGROUND


with additives. It has been found that the introduction of pump kin puree has practically no effect on the amount of washed gluten. However, at a dosage of pumpkin puree from 5 to 25 %, the compres sion strain of raw gluten increases from 68.5 to 94.7 units instrument. This makes it possible to regulate the desired final properties of bread and the deformation of gluten in the dough


The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared using modified chemical co-precipitation,and corresponding thiolated and coating nanoparticles were also obtained via surface mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane(MPTES) modification and humic acid(HA).The properties and structure of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD) and infrared spectroscopy(IR) etc.The application of the nanoparticles to the adsorption of aqueous Pb2+,Cd2+,Cu2+ were also investigated in this study.The results showed that the average size of prepared nanoparticles were about 20~30 nm with homogeneous distribution;the nanoparticles could adsorb Pb2+,Cd2+,Cu2+ in solution efficiently and the adsorption data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm.The sorption maxima of nano-Fe3O4 to Pb2+ reached 172.4 mg·g-1,the sorption maxima of Fe3O4/HA to Cd2+,Cu2+ increased by 75.8% and 231.5% as compared with that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.The adsorption of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MPTES to metal ions followed the order Pb2+Cd2+Cu2+,but Fe3O4/HA followed the order Pb2+Cu2+Cd2+;the coating of humic acid with Fe3O4 nanoparticles could obviously improve its adsorption capacity for Cd2+ and Cu2+ in solution,but marginal effect was observed for Pb2+.


The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the evaluation of the effect of a coating system on the rate of plywood moistening and changes in dimensions in relation to changes in relative air humidity. Coefficients of dimensional changes were determined in relation to relative air humidity and effects were studied of the coating system on the rate of plywood moistening. All measurements were carried out in water-resistant combined plywood with surface coating and thickness of 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 mm and in all-beech plywood 10, 12, 15 and 18 mm in thickness. Based on the results obtained it is possible to state that bending strength and modulus of elasticity are decisively affected by the construction of a sheet. Therefore, it is suitable to select the sheet structure according to requirements of a customer. It is known that surface layers transfer the greatest stress and that the stress of layers decreases towards the axis of symmetry. The fact can be used in designing the sheet structure, e.g. using veneers manufactured from cheaper species for central layers. Thus, the price and even density of plywood can be substantially reduced maintaining the required strength. By means of coats it is possible to reduce substantially penetration of moisture across the plywood edge. Comparisons between polyurethane coat U 2070 and acrylate coat AQUACOL V 2080 are demonstrated in a figure. Changes in the length and width of combined plywood and all-beech plywood amount to on average 0.020-0.025% per 1% change in moisture. Under upper values of the moisture range the changes are generally substantially lower. In practice, a suitable clearance for changes in the length and width of plywood amounts to 2 mm/m. Changes in thickness reach on average 0.4-0.5% per 1% changes in the moisture content.


An experiment was carried out to study colour discrimination on a display to simulate six different white light sources. Each centre includes 20 pairs of illuminant mode colours, which were assessed by 20 observers using the ratio method against a dark background. The results were used to test various models including the xy, uv, u′v′ chromaticity diagrams; the CIELUV, CIELAB and CAM02-UCS uniform colour spaces and the CIEDE2000 colour-difference formula. The results showed that the models developed from illuminant mode colours such as u′v′ and CIELUV predicted the results much more accurately than those developed from surface mode colours such as CIEDE2000 and CAM02-UCS. The present results lead us to propose the use of Δu′v′ to set tolerances for all white light sources along the blackbody locus.


Abstract : Reviewing many research results, the present report concludes: (a) the ability of the weighted average models to predict the decisions that people make varies from situation to situation; (b) even where they are successful in predicting decisions, these models may not do a very good job of describing the psychological processes that determined them. That is, their predictive accuracy is in part an artifact of the research techniques used.


Private Sector Development Department Vice Presidency for Finance and Private Sector Development The answer is a decided "yes." Privatization is necessary, and not simply to improve the performance of public enterprises—though the evidence is striking that it can and does improve performance. Privatization's essential contributions are to "lock in the gains" achieved earlier in reforming public ownership or in preparing a firm for sale, to distance the firm from the political process, and to inoculate it against the recurrence of the common and deadly ailment of public enterprises: interference by owners who have more than profit on their minds.


Summary The Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus funiculus) can damage eucalypt seedlings growing in forestry plantations. The browsing damage caused by these herbivores is spatially variable, both within and between plantations. This study tests the hypothesis that the severity of browsing damage and the relative abundance of herbivores within a plantation, declines with increasing distance from adjacent cover habitat (remnant bushland or established plantation) and windrows. Randomly located damage plots (five seedlings) and scat plots were established at 15 plantations at the time of planting. Browsing damage was assessed at six and 12 months after planting. Scat counts were carried out from planting to 320 days. Correlation analyses indicated that browsing damage levels were related to distance from cover habitat in some, but not all, plantations. Damage scores measured at six months were negatively correlated with distance from cover habitat at four plantations (r = 0.373). Damage scores measured at 12 months were negatively correlated with distance from cover habitat at five plantations (r = 0.456). Damage was never correlated with distance from windrows. There was very little evidence to suggest that herbivores used areas close to cover habitat or windrows in preference to areas that were far from these habitat features. Significant correlation between the number of scats that were found in a plot and the distance from cover habitat was observed at only one plantation (pademelon: r = 0.603). There was no correlation between scat numbers and distance from windrow. These results suggest that there will often be little scope for reducing the economic impact of browsing damage, using methods weighted towards reducing levels of damage at the perimeter of the plantation. However, it may occasionally be possible to target edges in certain plantations, provided that the site characteristics conducive to edge effects are identified.


Reich's founding in 1871 versus the new and younger personalities who arose in the period after 1871; and from the imbalance in the socio-economic structure of the Reich. Imperial Germany, by 1913-1914, was already a world power. It did not need a war to achieve this. It was a world power on the basis of its leadership in industrial and agricultural productivity through scientific, engineering, and technological achievements. Yet the apex of the pyramid of the economy and society was a quasi-feudal military aristocracy which held the decision making power. This caste was not only absolutist in political thought (c. seventeenth century), imbued with a new mercantilism in economic policy (Colbertism with modern German methods and terminology) but, worse still, it was parochial, unimaginative, shortsighted, narrow-minded, and mediocre. Burchardt's book abounds in examples of this in every chapter. It may well not have been the author's intention to bring out these factors but the impression can scarcely be missed. His review on the projections of a future war's duration; the mythology of a "short war"; the mishandling of just about everything from agriculture to labor economics; a lack of understanding of other countries; and many other fundamentals before 1914 serve to point up the monumental mismanagement on the part of Germany's prewar leaders. Like a lot of other people, they believed what they wanted to believe, read and listened to what they wanted to hear, and managed to lose contact with reality. The Germans, in a sense, were their own worst enemies.


Abstract:Hart Crane's lyrics abound with transient figures who often doubt their intelligibility or viability as persons, and his letters reflect a significant anxiety about his own ability to communicate the problems he experienced in being and remaining intelligible to others. Against that background, this article offers a reading of Crane's transient figures as linguistic performances of such doubtful and tenuous existences. In this, the article puts Crane in dialogue with one of his most admired and mimicked contemporaries, Charlie Chaplin, as well as with theories of transient sociability from language philosophy, urban sociology, and modernist studies.


The main measures are aimed at increase of the rail strength. Partly the rail strength increase is attained by means of raising the carbon content is steel, improvement of its metallurgical quality and by addition of alloying elements. The drastic improvement of the rail strength is being attained through the heat-treatment. This article comprises also a short review of the investigation of mechanical properties of hardened rails and their performance after 4-year service. The strength is noted to be considerably increased, the contact-fatigue damage reduced greatly and the general durability raised. Authors give also the method of recovering the hardness of the metal in the zone of welded joints in cwr.


We consider the integers having the property of reversing when multiplied by a specific integer k. First, we proved that k should be either 1, 4 or 9. Second, we classify these integers as (10, 1)- reverse multiples, (10, 4)- reverse multiples and (10, 9)- reverse multiples. Then we conclude their general form.


Makhangrass (Loliummultiflorum Lam.), also called Italian ryegrass) is a cool season annual bunchgrass native to southern Europe. It is closely related to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Both are widely distributed throughout the world, including North and South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia. Makhangrass is an important short duration grass. High palatability and digestibility make this species highly valued for forage. It is used in many environments when fast cover or quick feed is required. Characteristics include: High yield potential, fast establishment, suitability for reduced-tillage renovation and use on heavy and waterlogged soils (Rana et al., 2013). The agriculture and livestock sector provides employment to 52 per cent of the work force. Even being highest livestock population (529.7 million) in India (Anonymous, 201112), supporting nearly 20 per cent of the world livestock and 16.8 per cent human population on a land area of only 2.3 per cent, India faces a net deficit of 62.7 per cent green fodder, 21.9 per cent dry crop residues and 64 per cent feeds. During 2010, supply of green forages and roughages was 395.2 and 451 million tonnes against the demand of 1061 and 589 million tonnes, respectively (ICAR, 2012). Makhangrass is highly nutritional multicut, highly succulent and the most palatable grass in the World. Makhangrass feeding will greatly improve milk production International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 1945-1950 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. Two of the three selected fonts (Arial and MeMimas) are frequently used in textbooks in Spain. The third type of letter (Dixy) was specially developed for typographic research purposes, following graphic features that according to literature and previous studies on reading patterns favor the dyslexic, and could improve reading skills in these individuals. To examine the quality of reading (speed and accuracy) between fonts, a small—but significant—sample was used. Ten children in Madrid, from eight to 10 years old were examined while reading words and pseudowords with three different fonts (Arial, MeMimas, and Dixy). The result of the study shows the influence of the shapes of the letters in the legibility of texts with familiar and unfamiliar words (pseudowords) in children with dyslexia. The study showed that using the font Dixy, despite not being known by the children, reading is more accurate than using fonts known to them, such as Arial and MeMimas. As to the reading speed, the results indicate that, although the Dixy is a font never seen before by the children, reading speed is similar to a known font for them, as is the Arial, and greater than a hand writing font such as MeMimas.


Abstract 1775 Promising clinical responses have been observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients treated with lenalidomide as a single agent or in combination with other agents, The mechanisms of action of lenalidomide are under study; unlike most other anti-leukemia drugs, lenalidomide has no direct cytoxic effects in vitro on primary CLL cells, which typically are in G0/1 phase of the cell cycle. We examined the activity of lenalidomide on CLL cells that were induced to proliferate in vitro. To induce proliferation, CLL cells were cultured in media containing human interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 and with stromal cells (HeLa) made to express CD154. Labeling CLL cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), allowed us to monitor for several rounds of induced CLL-cell division via flow cytometry. We found that addition of 0.33–10 micro M lenalidomide to such cultures resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of leukemia cells induced to undergo cell-division. Moreover, we found that lenalidomide could significantly reduce the number of dividing CLL cells in each patient sample tested (n=4) by an average of 1.7 fold, reducing the fraction of dividing cells from 77% ± 27% to 44% ± 22% after 6 days of culture (mean +/− SD, P Disclosures: Corral:Celgene: Employment. Kipps:Igenica: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Research Funding. Messmer:Celgene: Research Funding.


The Western science and technology which invaded China during the mid-nineteenthcentury, in the wake of European military and economic aggression, entered a culture witha long indigenous tradition of natural philosophy, formed by extraordinary figures suchas Zhang Heng (78–139), Sun Simiao (581–682), Ge Hong (c. 21–341), Shen Gua (1031–1095) and Song Yingxing (c. 1587–1665). Moreover, as modern research has shown, China was, at least until about A.D. 1400, moreadvanced scientifically and technologically than Western Europe in many respects. Thesmall minority of late Qing scholars who showed any interest in the natural world or intechnology could console themselves that they were working within a noble but neglected side-stream of Chinese culture.