This study was performed to evaluate the role of tachykinin NK2 receptors in gastric barosensitivity and in postsurgical intestinal atony, using a selective NK2 antagonist (MEN 11420). Gastric distensions were performed in rats equipped with a gastric balloon and electrodes implanted in the neck muscles. Ileus was produced by laparotomy and caecum palpation in rats previously prepared with electrodes implanted on the proximal jejunum. Fifteen minutes before gastric distension or laparotomy, the animals received MEN 11420 (10, 100 or 200 μg kg−1 intravenously) or saline. The first distending pressure to increase the integrated neck electromyogram > 100% was considered the pain threshold. MEN 11420 (100 μg kg−1) increased significantly pain threshold (20.5 ± 1.2 vs. 17.0 ± 0.8 mm Hg) but did not modify gastric volumes at the three doses tested. Abdominal surgery was followed by a total inhibition of jejunal spiking activity lasting 80.4 ± 18.7 min. MEN 11420 (10 and 100 μg kg−1) shortened the duration of motor inhibition by 36 and 39%, and induced a premature recovery of the phase III of migrating myoelectric complex at the lowest dose tested (130 ± 32 vs. 192 ± 28 min). We conclude that NK2 receptors, probably located on afferent fibres, are involved in gastric barosensitivity and in postsurgical intestinal atony.


The numerical method for study of hydrodynamic flows over an arbitrary bed profile in the presence of external force is proposed in this paper. This method takes into account the external force effect, it use the quasi-two-layer model of hydrodynamic flows over a stepwise boundary with consideration of features of the flow near the step. There are performed the numerical simulations based on proposed algorithm of various physical phenomena, such as a breakdown of the rectangular fluid column over an inclined plane, the large-scale motion of fluid in the gravitational field in the presence of Coriolis force over an underlying mountain-like surface. Computations made for two dimensional dam-break problem on slope precisely conform to laboratory experiments.


A linear cascade of high-pressure vanes equipped with a realistic film-cooling configuration has been studied. The aim is to provide an accurate analysis of a heavily cooled high-pressure vane subjected to aggressive inlet swirl. The analyzed vane is characterized by the presence of multiple rows of fan-shaped holes along pressure and suction side while the leading edge is protected by a showerhead system. Numerical simulations have been performed on hybrid unstructured grids using a steady approach with the commercial code ANSYS Fluent®. The transitional kT-kL-ω model by Walters and Cokljat has been selected as turbulence closure. A realistic computational domain that mimic a combustor/vane count of 1:2 has been used. The classical analysis approach with uniform inlet flow has been compared with an approach that takes into account inlet swirl motion considering two clocking positions of such velocity distortion. This latter have been obtained through a non-reacting swirl generator experimented during the EU-funded TATEF2 Project and representative of modern aeroengines. Results highlight the importance of considering realistic boundary conditions for cooling system analysis and quantify the effects of swirl in affecting external heat transfer. Nomenclature C chord [m] HTC heat transfer coefficient [W/m2K] k kinetic energy [m2/s2] L length scale [m] NHFR net heat flux reduction [-] p pressure [Pa] q heat flux [W/m2] s curvilinear abscissa [m] T temperature [K] Tu turbulence level [-] average ~ spanwise average ̂ pitch-wise average Subscripts 0 stagnation quantity ax axial aw adiabatic wall c referred to coolant exit referred at cooling holes exit in inlet L laminar m referred to mainstream max maximum min minimum rec recovery T turbulent un referred to uncooled geometry w wall Greek symbols η adiabatic effectiveness [-] φ overall film effectiveness [-] ω specific dissipation rate [s-1] Abbreviations BR Blowing Ratio DR Density Ratio GCI Grid Convergence Index HPV High-Pressure Vane LE Leading Edge TE Trailing Edge


It has previously been observed that the filters learned in the first layer of a CNN are qualitatively similar for different networks and tasks. We extend this finding and show a high quantitative similarity between filters learned by different networks. We consider the CNN filters as a filter bank and measure the sensitivity of the filter bank to different frequencies. We show that the sensitivity profile of different networks is almost identical, yet far from initialization. Remarkably, we show that it remains the same even when the network is trained with random labels. To understand this effect, we derive an analytic formula for the sensitivity of the filters in the first layer of a linear CNN. We prove that when the average patch in images of the two classes is identical, the sensitivity profile of the filters in the first layer will be identical in expectation when using the true labels or random labels and will only depend on the second-order statistics of image patches. We empirically demonstrate that the average patch assumption holds for realistic datasets. Finally we show that the energy profile of filters in nonlinear CNNs is highly correlated with the energy profile of linear CNNs and that our analysis of linear networks allows us to predict when representations learned by state-of-the-art networks trained on benchmark classification tasks will depend on the labels.


In the arterially‐perfused adult rat, pharmacological blockade of gap junctions increases frequency, decreases amplitude, and in some cases, alters the pattern of phrenic bursts. The role of functional gap junction coupling in hypoglossal (XII) motor output in this preparation, however, remains to be identified. Therefore, we examined the effects of pharmacological blockade of gap junctions using carbenoxolone (CBX; 100 μM; n=20) on phrenic and XII nerve discharges in arterially‐perfused adult rats; experiments were also conducted using the inert analog glycyrrhzic acid (GZA; 100 μM, n=6) as a control for non‐specific effects of CBX. We found that perfusion with CBX (1) increased phrenic and XII burst frequency by significantly reducing both burst duration and the duration between bursts, (2) decreased phrenic and XII burst amplitude, and (3) shifted the time‐to‐peak to an earlier time point in the phrenic and XII bursts. The effects of CBX on XII burst timing and patterning were greater that those observed for phrenic bursts, with pre‐I XII discharge being markedly reduced or absent in most, but not all, XII bursts. In contrast, GZA was ineffective in similarly altering phrenic or XII activity. These data lend further support to a role of gap junctions in central respiratory control in adult rat, and suggest that the role of gap junction coupling in phrenic and XII motor control may not be identical. Supported by NS045321


[2] Cochrane, G. " What is Craft? " craftscotland. Increasingly, tangible interaction design is orienting itself toward craft as something distinct from design. There are efforts to translate, or reproduce, the materiality of spaces in other media; calls for a coherent approach to experience and evaluation; and NSF funding aimed at making the concepts and needs of HCI accessible to graphical and traditional crafts communities. In addition, researchers from Indiana University are teasing out a method for designing tan-gibles, starting with metaphors from nature. They speak of this as a designerly approach, emphasizing an " old " view of design—crafting artifacts through critical engagement with form and material, and foregrounding curiosity on the part of the designer [1]. Such intangible qualities as meaning , authenticity, commitment, engagement, and passion are becoming central to contemporary design, qualities that arguably not only characterize but also constitute craft, and which can be found discussed throughout craft literature. With a background in Craft and working in HCI, interaction design, and tangibles, this presents an exciting opportunity. Craft is no longer being defined simplistically as handmade goods; nor are assumptions being made about the cultural status of the " C-word " in relation to Design or to Art (and to be fair, these can sometimes appear to be the only two issues exercising the craft community itself). Instead, people are putting out intelligent questions and propositions, and a hand is extending from HCI to Craft as a discipline with something important to contribute to emerging creative practices. Given this interest, I'd like to offer my thoughts on the subject and outline how craft itself is undergoing a significant shift from an activity defined by local praxis, to a form of knowledge and engagement with the world. i think i Know What Craft is— Why Do you Have to tell Me? First of all, it is important to own up to what looks like a serious problem with craft: It doesn't seem able to define itself. You can pick up any piece of the literature and find a quote to this effect. It is possible to write almost any definitive statement about craft, and for the opposite position to simultaneously hold true: " Craft can be a confusing word. When you use it there is a strong possibility that the other person is thinking about something quite different to you. One person imagines handmade one-off pieces …


Huffman coding technique leads to loss-less coding and is used extensively in practical video compression systems. This technique assigns variable word length codes to different symbols based on the probabilities of the symbols. The unequal code word length of tlie symbols makes it difficult to implement high-speed Huffman decoders using pipelining and parallel processing. Previous approaches to pipeline the Huffman decoder algorithm lead to large increase in hardware complexity. In cost-effective decoders, we need to implement high-speed decoders using little or no hardware overhead. To this end, this paper proposes a new concurrent loss-less coder which requires no hardware overhead. Our loss-less coder imposes the code word length multiplicity constraint, i. e. , it forces the code word lengths to be multiples of the speedup factor. This loss-less coder leads to slight degradation in coding performance (as measured in terms of the average code word length). We improve the performance of the concurrent coder by using conditional coding. These combined approaches lead to coding performance comparable with unconditional Huffman decoder and leads to about 10 times reduction in hardware compared with previous approaches (for the same speed-up).


Historically microbial natural product biosynthesis pathways were elucidated mainly by isotope labelled precursor directed feeding studies. Now the genetics underpinning the assembly of microbial natural products biosynthesis is so well understood that some pathways and their products can be predicted from DNA sequences alone. The association between microbial natural products and their biosynthesis gene clusters is now driving the field of 'genetics guided natural product discovery'. This account overviews our research into cyanotoxin biosynthesis before the genome sequencing era through to some recent discoveries resulting from the mining of Australian biota for natural product biosynthesis pathways.


The interaction of electromagnetic fields and fluids may be described from a scientific point of view, by the proper application of the principles of the special theory of relativity. The practical application of these principles, to actual physical phenomena of engineering, Astrophysics, Geo-physics, etc., is important in recent years. The study of this application to continuum has become known as magneto hydrodynamics or magneto fluid mechanics. The studies of magneto hydrodynamics of viscous conducting fluids play a significant role during the recent times, owing to its practical interest and abundant applications in astro-physical and geo-physical phenomenon. Astrophysicists and geo-physcists realized soon after the advent of special relativity theory that electromagnetic fluid interactions were of great importance in stellar and planetary processes. The main impetus to the Engineering approach to electromagnetic fluid interaction studies has come from the concept of the MHD direct conversion generation, propulsion studies of radio propagation in the ionosphere, and controlled nuclear fusion. The study of flow problems of electrically conducting fluid particularly of ionized gases is currently receiving considerable interest.


Active Galaxies
Powerful twin jets of plasma often reach more than tens of thousands of light-years from their base in an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Astronomers are still at work investigating what can corral the jets so tightly and propel them so far. Marti-Vidal et al. may have found the


A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2014 to April, 2015 on 14,508 slaughtered cattle at Yola abattoir Adamawa State on Postmortem examination. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of Contagious Bovine PleuroPneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Fasciolosis and Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) in slaughtered cattle according to sex and breeds. A regular visit was made to the Yola Abattoir at 6:00 AM Seven (7) times a week and this was done for Six (6) Months. A total of 14,508 slaughtered cattle were examined at postmortem and 3,418 (23.56%) cases were recorded; CBPP 898 (6.19%), Fasciolosis 1,100 (7.58%) and TB 1,420 (9.79%). There was Statistical significance (P


We investigated the influences of the titania precursor chemistry and hydrothermal temperature in the sol–gel procedure on the growth of TiO2 nanocrystallites. The nanocrystallites were prepared either from Ti(OiPr)4 (OiPr = isopropoxide) in acetic acid solution or from Ti(OiPr)3(OAc) (OAc = acetate) in water followed by nitric acid acidification. Nanocrystallites formed from the first method were 20–40% larger than those produced from the second method. The average size of calcined TiO2 nanocrystallites formed from Ti(OiPr)4 varied from 16–36 nm over the hydrothermal temperature range of 180–300 °C, while the average size of those prepared from Ti(OiPr)3(OAc) varied from 13–23 nm over temperatures of 200–250 °C. Significantly, the size of the crystallites displayed a linear dependence on the hydrothermal temperature. Crystal growth in acetic acid was enhanced in the [001] direction with increased autoclave temperature, whereas crystallites formed in the presence of nitric acid grew less rapidly in the [001] direction. The mechanisms for the preferential growth direction of the nanocrystals are discussed.


Recently, some new and promising methods have been proposed to reduce the number of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) computations in Isolated Word Recognition. For these methods to be properly applicable, the verification of the Triangle Inequality (TI) by the DTW-based Dissimilarity Measure utilized seems to be an important prerequisite.


The growing demands of metrology have tightened the allowable tolerances of depth and step height measurements in semiconductor and nanotechnology fabrication. With manufacturing tolerances in the range of 1 nm to 3 nm, special care is required to achieve calibration traceable to the SI (Systeme International d'Unites, or International System of Units) meter in order to meet manufacturing requirements. This paper describes the steps taken to achieve this level of measurement capability. The methodology used to achieve this traceable calibration is to use an inclined plane to establish linearity over the step height range of interest of a reference critical dimension atomic force microscope (CDAFM) and then to link a single traceable step height somewhere within this range. The deviations from perfect linearity in the vertical position are shown in the paper. Then using this newly calibrated reference CD-AFM, various step height structures were used to transfer the traceable calibration from the reference CD-AFM to one-dimensional AFMs (1DAFM) used for manufacturing process control. A traceable step height calibration, with an expanded uncertainty of 2.24 nm (k = 3) is demonstrated for the reference CD-AFM. From this result, a traceable calibration of the manufacturing AFMs with a combined expanded uncertainty of 2.8 nm (k = 3) for a nominal 164 nm step height is developed.


ABSTRACT This paper presents the author's work in introducing a modified version of infant observation as a requirement of a university course in Early Childhood Education, a qualification course for Nursery Teachers in a Norwegian University. The author explores her psychoanalytic ideas about how learning takes place after tracing the paradigm shift in Early Years Education in a north European country in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The author herself learnt a great deal about the Tavistock model of observation and in later work at the Tavistock Clinic. She emphasises the emotional component in learning, the nature of learning from a psychoanalytic perspective and on the countertransference (what is felt) along with what is seen and heard in observing young children. The expansion of nursery places in the author's country for three to six-year-old children led to an expansion in nursery teaching courses at universities and the opportunity to include 'learning form experience', along with other forms of learning, was taken. The paper also includes responses from questionnaires given to former students who had undertaken observations and their thoughts on its impact on their approach to their teaching work.


We present a generalized result on Gauss-Seidel convergence for bounded linear operators on Hilbert space .#'. From this result, we obtain overrelaxation theorems of Petryshyn [4], [5], de Pillis [1], Ostrowski [3] and Reich [6].


Different theorists proposed different definition of learning strategies (Wenden, 1987, O'Malley and Chamot, 1990, Oxford, 1990).  All the definitions highlighted that learning strategies are the actions taken to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferrable. The study aims to find out how Health Vocational School students in Ruteng, Flores employ learning strategies, what strategy is mostly employed and the implications of learning strategy employed to language learning and teaching which cover cognitive strategy, meta cognitive strategy and social strategy. It's mixed method research combining the use of quantitative and qualitative study.  For the purpose of quantitative study, it was chosen 123 students by using the technique of cluster random sampling, meanwhile for the purpose of qualitative data, it was chosen 12 students and three English teachers by using purposive sampling. The research result shows that students of health vocational schools in Ruteng, Flores employ medium language learning strategy for the three learning strategies studied (Cognitive strategy employed by 90,2% (111) students, meta cognitive strategy employed by 86,2%(106) students, and social strategy employed by 86,2% (106) students. Regarding learning strategy mostly employed, the most frequent strategy is cognitive strategy which gains the mean 3.33. Meanwhile, the least strategy is social strategy and it reaches the mean of 3.26.  Medium learning strategy for the three strategies studied, and cognitive strategy as the most frequent strategy employed has the implication to applying teaching method which is oriented to raise up students' cognitive strategy, adopting regularly the meta cognitive instruction in the classroom to help students improve academic achievement, and providing the opportunity for students to practice speaking English out of the classroom.


Incoloy 800H alloy has excellent high‐temperature mechanical properties and broad application prospects. However, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of this alloy at different deformations has been little studied. The thermal deformation characteristics and DRX mechanisms of Incoloy 800H alloy are studied by thermal compression tests. Quantitative analysis of grain size, DRX fraction, misorientation distribution, and twin boundaries under different deformation degrees is conducted using electron‐backscattered diffraction. Furthermore, the evolution characteristics of dislocations and grains are observed through transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the proportion of DRX improves with increasing deformation significantly. In the DRX process, discontinuous DRX (DDRX) is the main nucleation mechanism, while continuous DRX (CDRX) serves as an auxiliary nucleation mechanism. As the deformation increases, the CDRX + DDRX mechanisms can also be observed simultaneously in the high‐density dislocation region near the grain boundary. In addition, the ratio of ∑3 boundaries first decreases and then increases as the deformation increases. The initial twins gradually disappear due to the increase in deformation, and new twins are formed within the DRX grains. Twins can promote grain boundary bulging, provide more nucleation sites for DRX, and have a significant promoting effect on DRX.


This work in progress paper presents an overview of the development of an efficient and accurate mobile traffic generator based on an open source computer-based traffic generator software. A high performance mobile traffic generator would simplify the evaluation of the quality of networks deployed in remote areas. The motivation for this software is to ease feasibility testing and monitoring in the field particularly in rural areas by using affordable and lightweight technology such as a mobile device. Furthermore, a mobile system is more suitable than a personal computer (PC) or laptop in a rural area where the deployment of computers is difficult and impractical. To conduct the research, both an experimental and a simulation research methodology will be applied and the method of investigation will combine methods such as laboratory experiments, document analysis and a literature survey.


We study the properties of an electromagnetically interacting medium in the presence of high concentration of electrons at extremely high temperatures and chemical potentials. We show that the electromagnetic properties of a medium such as the electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, magnetic moments and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves as well as the corresponding particle processes depend on temperature and density of the medium. Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos are significantly modified due to their interactions with electrons when they propagate through such a medium of hot and dense electrons.


Methods suitable for determination of extractable organic chlorine in water, sediment and fish have been optimized. Cyclohexane was found to be the best nonpolar extraction solvent. For sediment and fish samples a cyclohexane/isopropanol solvent mixture was used. The organic chlorine in the extracts was determined by neutron activation analysis. The precision of the methods varied between 1 and 11 percent over a large concentration interval. Two methods for determination of adsorbable organic halogen using carbon and XAD-4 as adsorbents were compared. The carbon adsorption method had a lower detection limit (3 µg/l) and gave higher concentrations for effluents,and fresh and brackish water samples. The XAD-4 method gave higher concentrations for sea water samples. Examples of treatment with sulphuric acid containing different amounts of water and the use of thin layer and gel permeation chromatography to separate and characterize extractable organic chlorine are shown.


The invention relates to a full-automatic bulk cargo storage yard stacking and taking method applied to large port wharfs, truck stations and open storages. According to the method, when a stacking and taking machine works, an operating driver for operating and monitoring is not needed in a cab of the stacking and taking machine and a person for control and operation of the whole process is also not needed in a field industrial personal computer on the basis of fully ensuring the utilization rate of a stock yard and exerting the stacking and taking capacity and other functions of the stacking and taking machine. After the field industrial personal computer acquires an operation task from a management system, optimal calculation and security inspection are performed according to the condition of the stock yard and the state of the stacking and taking machine, and related stacking or taking mode information is automatically generated; and then the system automatically sends related control instructions to a programmable logic controller (PLC) corresponding to the local stacking and taking machine, and the stacking and taking machine performs unmanned automatic stacking and taking operation of the whole process. Therefore, the method overcomes the defects of low automation degree of the conventional bulk cargo storage yard, high labor intensity of operators, low working efficiency and low field utilization rate.


Parting from Jake in Dili, I arrive in Oecussi and quickly become reacquainted
 with an old friend from the time I spent there with the UN,
 Markus. Once a prominent entrepreneur and public servant who relished
 the 'opportunities' that came with his position he was now a pariah, having
 been accused of embezzling thousands of dollars from his office. While
 his family outwardly accepted Markus's fall was a result of a conspiracy
 by mendacious rivals, he was also known for trampling traditions, taboos,
 and hierarchies in pursuit of wealth, and some privately suggested that
 his misfortune might be spiritual retribution. Through this sometimesdramatic
 story I explore how, for some at least, meto frameworks are used
 to understand success and failure in the kase world.


Longevity in Okinawa is considered to be a result of traditional low calorie diet. Le Bourg suggests that Okinawa is an example of severe malnutrition, which is harmful for later generations. We believe that current loss of longevity advantage in Okinawa is a result of diet westernization and that the dietary restriction is a valid way of life extension in humans.


It is important for a number of reasons that we obtain a thorough understanding of the present oxidation status of the mantle. Suband supersolidus phase relationships, the nature of degassed volatile species, electrical conductivity, diffusivity, and mechanical behavior arc some of the properties that are a function of this parameter. Of further interest is the fact that the present oxidation state must in some way reflect the complex processes that have occurred since the formation of the proto-mantle some 4.5 Gyr ago. These processes include the redox characteristics of accreted material, heterogeneous equilibria prevailing during the growth of the Earth (such as those involved in core formation), convective cycling in the mantle, subduction of oxidized surface layers of the Earth and mixing in the mantle, incorporation of impacted planetesimals, infiltration by melts and fluids, and selective volatile losses and gains. It would be fair to characterize the current range of opinions on the oxidation status of the upper mantle as diverse, partly as a result of discrepancies between theoretical and experimental approaches to the problem, and partly because of differences in philosophical viewpoints concerning the major redox controls. Granted this divergence of opinion for the upper mantle, it must also be recognized that knowledge of the redox state(s) of the greater part of the mantle to the boundary with the core is rudimcntary. There does appear, however, to be some intriguing evidence not only that the present upper mantle is heterogeneous with respect to oxidation state, but also that a secular trend toward oxidation of the subcontinental mantle portion of the lithosphere has taken place.


Thirty-six crossbred pigs, equally divided between gilts and barrows, were fed from an average of 6 wk of age to market weight on three dietary treatments. Isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were supplemented with either soybean meal (SBM), low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) from Brassica napus cv. Bronowski or commercial RSM of B. campestris origin. Metabolic studies were conducted at average weights of 14 and 31 kg and there were no significant differences in coefficients for digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible nitrogen or nitrogen retention between treatments, between sexes, or between periods. During the first 6 wk of the experiment and for the overall experiment, there was a difference between sexes in their response to low glucosinolate RSM. Barrows gained at a similar rate when fed diets supplemented with either SBM or low glucosinolate RSM, but more slowly on diets supplemented with commercial RSM. Gilts gained more slowly when fed either RSM than when fed a SBM-supplemented diet....


In biomedical engineering many applications (C.A.T., R.M.N., microscopy) involve the representation of 3D numeric data to help in the comprehension of objects structure. In this paper we are interested in the case where the 3D object information is obtained from a sequence of 2D cross-sectional images. The proposed method is the polyhedral approximation of an object's surface by a set of triangular planar patches what is called triangulation. Although this approach has been often developed, it suffers some limitations, for instance when the contours are very distorted or when there is more than one contour by slice (multiple-contour). We propose a triangulation algorithm which provides a solution to these problems and which can be used even for complex shape objects. We present the application of our algorithm to the 3D representation of three real biomedical objects of increasing complexity.


Abstract Ursula Le Guin's novels included in Annals of the Western Shore, published between the years 2004 and 2007, have as protagonists three young characters who, among uprising, rebellion and unfair states, have to find their place in Le Guin's the Western Shore world. The three protagonists share a gift – the gift of remembering and telling stories – which is transmitted to two of them through an older man from the community where they live. Once the main characters come together at the end of the third novel of the saga, they realise that the only way in which a free and prosperous state can be achieved is through knowledge and the sharing of the stories of both ancestors and new writers. The series, thus, problematizes the concept of wisdom associated with a binary stereotypical image of old age as either attached to loss and decrepitude or to wisdom, particularly in the fantastic mode. In this article, and following Le Guin's belief in the intrinsic interconnectivity of all things, "organic and inorganic, material and spiritual, object and force – [that] shape and are shaped by each other" (Senior 1996: 104), we aim to explore the value of intergenerational relationships in building a fairer and more prosperous society in Le Guin's series Annals of the Western Shore. Whereas the young characters and protagonists in each of the three novels need the guidance of older members of their communities to come to terms with their "gifts", the coming of age of these young protagonists will also question the unfair and destructive beliefs behind the social organisation of the regimes in which they grew up and became adults.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the dynamics of human infection and reinfection of Schistosoma japonicum after chemotherapy in marshland and lake endemic regions so as to provide the evidence for developing a cost-effective control strategy.

METHODS
From 2007 to 2011, the schistosome infection, intensities and reinfection of population were investigated and the results were analyzed dynamically in Caohui Village, a national schistosomiasis surveillance site in Changyi Township, Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province, China.

RESULTS
The schistosome infection rate was 3.55% and the mean intensity was 1.56 in 2007, and the schistosome infection rate was 1.52% and the mean intensity was 1.60 in 2011. The reinfection rates were 2.70%, 9.09% and 2.47% in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The schistosomiasis endemic situation shows a downtrend in the village. However, the reinfection is still serious; therefore, we should strengthen the research of risk factors of reinfection and control them.


A simple lumped-parameter model for the frequency-dependent transmission line is presented in this paper. The transients due to sequential energisation of a 345 kV transmission system have been computed with the proposed line model. The computed results show satisfactory agreement with field measurements.


Collaborative source localization in the wireless sensor network is presented. This new approach uses multi-modality energy-based constant false alarm ( CFAR) node detection and multi-modality region detection to detect the targets first and then uses acoustic energy based localization ( EBL) algorithm to further locate the target in the detected region. Experiments are conducted. Results show that this new approach is accurate and robust. Besides, it needs less communication bandwidth and consumes less computation energy. Therefore, it is favorable in the wireless sensor network system. I. I NTRODUCTION The emergence of small, low-power devices that integrate micro-sensing and actuation with on-board processing and wireless communication capabilities stimulates great interests in wireless distributed sensor network. Such distributed sensor network systems have a variety of applications [1], [2]. Examples include underwater acoustics, battlefield surveillance, electronic warfare, geophysics, seismic remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. Such sensor networks are often designed to perform tasks such as detection, classification, localization and tracking of one or more targets in the sensor field. The sensors are typically battery-powered and have limited wireless communication bandwidth. Therefore, efficient collaborative signal processing algorithms that consume less energy for computation and communication are needed. An important collaborative signal-processing task is source localization using a passive and stationary sensor network. The objective is to estimate the positions of the moving targets within a sensor field monitored by the sensor network. Most localization methods depend on three types of physical variables measured by or derived from sensor readings for localization: time delay of arrival (TDOA), direction of arrival (DOA) and received sensor signal strength or power. DOA can be estimated by exploiting the phase difference measured at receiving sensors [3], [4],[5] and is applicable in the case of a coherent, narrow band source. TDOA is suitable for broadband source and has been extensively investigated [6], [7], [8]. In practice, DOA measurement typically require costly antenna array on each node. The TDOA techniques require a high demand on the accurate measurement or estimation of time delay. In contrast, received sensor signal strength is comparatively much easier and less costly to obtain from the time series recordings from each sensor. In this paper, we presented a novel approach to estimate the source location based on the received signal power (energy) from different sensor modality (acoustic, seismic, PIR) in the wireless sensor network system. The sensor field is divided into several smaller regions. Each region, there is a manager sensor node. Other nodes are detection nodes. The targets are detected by multi-modality energy-based CFARnode detection (by detection nodes) and multi-modality region detection (by manager node). Once region detection announces the detection of the target, acoustic energy based localization ( EBL) algorithm is activated and performed to further locate the targets i the activated region. Experiments were conducted to evaluate this collaborative urce localization in wireless sensor network system. Results show that this new approach is robust and accurate most of time. And it need low bandwidth and low computation burden. This paper is organized as follows: In section II, collaborative multi-modality node detection and region detection is described. In section III, we will derive the energy based source localization algorithm. Experiments are provided in section IV. A conclusion is given is section V. II. COLLABORATIVE SOURCEDETECTION IN WIRELESS SENSORNETWORK A. Multi-modality node detection and region detection The sensor field is divided into several smaller region. Each region, we define one manager sensor node. Other nodes are defined as the detection nodes. The region is activated by our tracking algorithm implemented by Kalman filter, which uses the previous localization results to predict the target location in the next time period. When it predicts that the targets will go into another region, the current region manager node will send this information to the manager node of that region. The corresponding region is then activated. Each detection node in the activated region calculates the average energy in every time-period for different modality. And then, each detection node performs energybasedCFARdetection and calculates the noise mean and noise variance for different modality. Detection node then reports the binary detection results (0 or 1) for each modality as well as acoustic energy, noise mean and noise variance to the manager node in every time period. For example, suppose we have three modality, say, acoustic, seismic and PIR. Now, region 1 is activated currently. At the most recent time period, using CFARdetector, node i detects the target with acoustic energy and PIR energy respectively. But it doesn't detect the target with seismic energy in this period. It then reports '101' as well as average acoustic energy, noise mean and variance in this period to the manager node. Manager node performs multimodality region detection algorithm to detect the targets. It performs as follows: The manager node first uses majority voting to get the detection result for each modality. For example, in region 1, if there are more than N/2 nodes report the acoustic detection, where N is the number of detection node in region 1, the manager node judges that the acoustic modality detection for its region is 1. So does seismic modality detection. PIR sensor is special, manager node announces PIR detection if there is more than 1 PIR detection. After that, manager node uses different weights for different modality to fuse the detection results of each modality. If the fusion result announces that targets are in the region, acoustic EBL algorithm is activated and performed to further locate the targets in the region using the most recent reported acoustic energy, noise mean and variance from its detection nodes. B. Energy-BasedCFAR Detector Previously, we described that node detection used energybasedCFARdetector to detect targets for each modality. This section, we will introduce the algorithm for this CFARdetector. Briefly, the CFAR detector proceeds as follows. A T0 time series was taken at the beginning of the experiment to initialize the meanμk(0) and standard deviationσk(0) of the noise energy, assuming no presence of target during this period. This is known as the noise level initialization phase. Then each nodek goes to the detection phase where the energy yk(n) is compared to a threshold Tk(n) at time n. Assuming the noise energy sequence is independent Gaussian, we can define Tk( ) as Tk(n) = μk(n) + Cσk(n), whereC is a constant chosen to yield a desired constant false alarm probability:


leaves her own historical enterprise somewhat hanging in the air: if the success of the mathematical program was inevitable, neither Jevons's ideas nor whether Mill and Edgeworth et. al. approved them matters all that much. These quibbles notwithstanding, the very positive contribution of this book is that it enables us to see, for the first time, how Jevons's ideas on science and his project to remake economics mathematically, fit together. Given Mill's continued influence on the economics professions, it is also valuable to have Jevons's methodological departures from Mill elaborated, as they are here. For those struggling with the question whether Jevons imperfectly and inappropriately took over the field metaphor from physics, the book is less directly useful; but implicitly it nonetheless provides a welcome and refreshingly different perspective on those issues: anybody who takes a position must ensure that their judgement either is consistent with what Jevons believed about the nature and role of science and mathematics or show that he himself was incoherent. Neil de Marchi Duke University


We report the measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasi-elastic (NCQE) cross section by observing nuclear de-excitation gamma rays at Super-Kamiokande with the T2K neutrino beam. The de-excitation gamma ray events induced by NCQE reactions are selected from the T2K RUN1-3 data corresponding to 3.01×1020 protons on target.The selections use the event information to remove the background events which are from radioactive impurities at the detector wall, and the event selection achieves 69% of NCQE signal purity. In the 4∼30 MeV reconstructed energy region forty-three events are observed, compared with the expected number of 51.0. The neutrinooxygen NCQE cross section is measured as 1.55 × 10−38cm2 with a 68% confidence interval of (1.08, 2.34) × 10−38cm2, and the 68% confidence interval is consistent with the theoretical NCQE cross section of 2.01 × 10−38cm2. The Cherenkov angle distribution of the candidate events shows a discrepancy between the data and the MC expectation. The discrepancy might be due to the secondary gamma-ray production which can be reduced by possible improvements in near future.


Described the problematic situation of clinical (medical) psychology in terms of its research facility -the phenomenon of mental adaptation. The theoretical and applied aspects of the phenomenological approach in psychiatry and medical psychology, associated with the specificity of their object and objects. Shows examples of some of the procedures of phenomenological research method as applied to clinical psychology and psycho disorders, mental adaptation.


The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEPWM) based on Di¤erential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm to improve the AC output voltage quality of modi…ed 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverter. The DE optimization algorithm is used to solve non-linear transcendental equations necessary for the SHEPWM. Computational results obtained from computer simulations presented a good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A laboratory prototype based on STM32F407 microcontroller was built in order to validate the simulation results. The experimental results show the e¤ectiveness of the proposed modulation method.


Diagnosing turbine engine bearing structures with the aid of FAM-C and FDM-A methods The diagnostic method FDM-A [2], based on the measurement of the pulsation component frequency modulation, and the FAM-C method, making use of the alternating current frequency, were developed in the Air Force Institute of Technology. The essence of their accuracy consists in "natural" synchronisation of the sampling signal with the angular velocity of the observed kinematic links. These methods make it possible to determine the level of wear of a subsystem and its location during normal operation of the power unit. They provide opportunities for determining numerous parameters of bearings, bearing structures, and the rotor unit. Moreover, the FDM-A method makes it possible to detect resonances in particular elements and their parameters - among others, they provide opportunities for assessing the level of the mechanic quality factor of the examined structure, i.e. the time margin of structure operation until the structure reaches the state of resonance. On the other hand, the FAM-C method provides opportunities for defining numerous parameters of the phenomena connected with the rotor unit. The diagnostic system is connected to an arbitrary point of the electric network (electric junction, for instance) supplied with the direct voltage1 or the alternating voltage2 taken from the generators driven by the examined rotating system. The presented experimental material was recorded in operating investigations of the aircraft turbine engine unit, in which the role of "generators - observers" was played by: an aircraft DC generator and a three-phase AC rate generator. Generators of this type are also used in rocket cutters with turbine engines, this way the conclusions presented in the article can be easily transferred to those objects. During the measurements, performed on the decks of the examined airplanes and on engine test beds, the ranges and locations of assembly and wear defects were determined. Successive stages of wear of the rolling bearings were also observed.


Reports indicate the presence of up to three independent cone shapes in keratoconus (round/oval/global) but the preponderance of one cone over another is unclear. This work evaluates keratoconic corneal topography and corneal thickness using videokeratoscopy and ultrasound pachometry, respectively. An EyeSys™ videokeratoscope (VKS) (EyeSys Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA) was used to assess the topography of 54 keratoconic eyes (27 subjects) and 27 age‐matched normals. In addition, ultrasonic pachometry measurements were made over 14 known areas in normal and keratoconic eyes. Corneal thinning was significant for all keratoconic areas measured except for the far temporal cornea. A correlation between corneal radius and thickness was evident. Analysis of cone shape revealed a potential fourth variety: the asymmetric bow‐tie cone. Further topographic evaluation of this cone entity using the VKS revealed its dependence on gaze direction which may account for apparent differences in progression patterns between round and bow‐tie cones.


The development and refinement of the Preservation, Accommodation, and Repatterning model (PAR) took place over a 10-year period. This paper presents a discussion of the evolution of PAR. The paper describes the observations and the line of empirical research findings that guided conceptualization and evalliation of the model. The model was developed based on the affective tone of counseling sessions and cross-cultural interactions which make up the three components of the model: preservation, accommodation, and repatterning. The structured use of well-defined traditional microcounseling skills are detailed, as are the limitations of the model. The use of the PAR model in the development of guidelines for the negotiation of diversity within training programs is discussed. PAR guidelines were developed in recognition of the real, day-to-day, life experience of minority clients, faculty, internship site-staff, and counselor trainees who often engage in futile attempts to attend to issues of power differences and feelings of alienation that can occur within counseling relationships and within the training environment. The model's view of human nature is likewise explored, including its basic characteristics, its therapeutic goals, the role and function of the therapist within the PAR model, the relationship between the therapist and the client, and the application and limitations of the PAR model. (MKA) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Running Head: Multicultural Counseling and Development ot) o PAR--A Theoretic Model for Self-Assessment and Practice .--4 toward Multicultural Counseling Competence Robbie J. Steward Michigan State University Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology 436 Erickson Hall East Lansing, MI 48824 517-432-1524 (Office) 517-353-6393 (FAX)


Routine identification of pathogenic microorgahisms predominantly based on nutritional and biochemical tests is a time-consuming process; the delay may lead to fatal consequences at times on Earth and in space exploration. Optical biosensors provide an attractive alternative to rapid detection of microorganisms in complicated food or other biological materials at the International Space Station and planetary outposts. In this work two types of optical biosensors Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor were used for microorganism detection and identification. FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis was successfully applied to detect the presence/absence of microorganisms in two microbial cocktails made from four and five pathogenic microorganisms in apple juice with 100% accuracy. FTIR spectroscopy combined with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was also investigated as a potential method to identify and quantify microorganisms in apple juice. SPR biosensor was used to detect E. coli with possible extension to near real time analysis.


Online partial discharge monitoring system (PDMS) was developed to assess the condition of stator winding in high voltage motors. 80 pF capacitive couplers were connected to a 6.6 kV motor stator coil terminal. The voltage applied to stator coils were at 3.81 kV, 4.76 kV and 6.6 kV, respectively. These stator coils have various types of artificial insulation defects such as large voids, semi-conductive coating damage and strand insulation fault. On-line PD monitoring system, digital PD detector (PDD) and turbine generator analyzer (TGA) were used to measure PD activity. Most of the defect mechanisms of a large motor can be associated with PD patterns such as internal, slot and conductor surface discharges. PD patterns coincide with on-line PD monitoring system, PDD and TGA. These instruments have an input bandwidth of 100 kHz-50 MHz, 40-400 kHz and 0.1350 MHz. Continuous on-line PD monitoring system was measuring the discharge activity of large motors that were installed with 80 pF capacitive couplers at the terminal box.


We investigated the ecological aspects of the myxobiota associated with both the mesophilic and gallery forests from a fragment of the Cerrado biome located in the municipality of Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Myxomycete assemblages were sampled in pre-established plots and compared using basic ecological calculations (α and β diversity, richness, abundance, similarity, evenness, functional diversity, and substrate ecology). A total of 55 records were obtained, corresponding to 19 species, 10 genera, and eight families. Of these, 37% were exclusive to the gallery forest, 26% to the mesophilic forest, and 37% common in both. No differences were found between species richness and composition between areas, however, the greater abundance and greater number of exclusive species in the gallery forest are suggestive of better conditions and resources for myxomycete communities in this forest formation. Furthermore, species were found to have different functional characteristics between the compared areas, which seemed to show a relationship with forest structure and the complexity of the niches. This is one of the first studies on the ecology of myxomycetes in the Cerrado biome providing relevant preliminary data for further research to be carried out in areas with little monitoring.


Dietary exposure to potentially high‐risk compounds such as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), formed in meat during cooking, or from exposure to hemeiron naturally occurring in meat, have all been proposed as possible mechanisms responsible for the reported weak association between red and processed meat consumption and increased cancer risk in observational studies. In this study, a systematic review of the mechanistic literature was used to examine the available evidence‐base to determine if sufficient evidence exists to link heme iron, BaP, or HAAs from red and processed meat to increased cancer risk. Inclusion criteria required that study designs accommodate exposure from a whole food or in the context of a well‐described diet and that outcomes adequately represent normal physiology of the tissue of interest. Results regarding dietary Ba Prevealed, of 51 studies published since 2000, only 4 met the full criteria for inclusion. The primary reasons for study exclusion were a failure to evaluate effects of BaP administered orally or as part of a diet and a failure to adequately represent non‐cancerous tissue physiology. Regarding dietary HAAs, of 294studies published since 2000, 29 publications met the full criteria for inclusion. Only 3 of the included studies utilized an animal model to investigate HAA intake from foods or as part of a well‐described diet and only one type of HAA was evaluated in the included animal studies. In the human studies there was near‐exclusive use of a single, non‐comprehensive database, rather than actual and/or direct analytical measurement of dietary HAAs. And regarding dietary heme iron, of 210 search results since 2000, only 13publications met the full criteria for inclusion. The type of heme iron supplemented in animal diets, as surrogates for naturally occurring heme iron, were found to independently affect the outcomes in some studies. The use of hemeiron surrogates has not been systematically validated against naturally occurring heme iron. For all compounds, the exclusive use of carcinogen‐treated animals was questioned as well as the use of in vitro cytotoxicity assays as surrogates for normal colon physiology. In each case, evidence was found to be weak and inadequate in both humans and animals concerning the mechanistic relationship between the dietary exposures of BaP, HAAs, or heme iron and human cancer.


Background: Magnetic resonance (MRI) scanning of the heart is an established part of the investigation of cardiovascular conditions in children. In young children sedation is likely to be needed and multiple controlled periods of apnea are often required to allow image acquisition. Suppression of spontaneous ventilation is possible with remifentanil, however the dose required is uncertain. Aims: To establish the dose of remifentanil, by infusion, required to suppress ventilation sufficiently to allow a 30 second apnea during MRI imaging of the heart. Method: Patients aged 1 to 6 years were exposed to different doses of remifentanil and the success in achieving a 30 second apnea was recorded. A dose recommendation was made for each patient, informed by responses of previous patients using an adaptive Bayesian dose escalation design. Other aspects of anesthesia were standardized. A final estimate of the dose needed to achieve a successful outcome in 80% of patients (ED80) was made using logistic regression. Results: 38 patients were recruited, and apnea achieved in 31 patients. The estimate of the ED80 was 0.184 μg/kg/min (95% CI 0.178-0.190). Post-hoc analysis revealed that higher doses were required in younger patients. Conclusion: The ED80 for this indication was 0.184 μg/kg/min (95% CI 0.178-0.190). This is different from optimal dosing identified for other indications and dosing of remifentanil should be specific to the clinical context in which it is used.


BACKGROUND: Composite grafting techniques for coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) have been widely used. However, it remains unclear whether this technique provides similar blood flow to the left coronary artery when compared to the conventional alternative. We sought to compare the total blood flow to the left coronary branches that are revascularized with left internal thoracic (LITA) and radial artery (RA) grafts using composite and non-composite techniques. METHOD: A total of 42 patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the CABG technique to be used: Group A or composite LITA-RA in a Y format (n=14); Group B or modified composite LITA-RA [intercoronary graft with RA and LITA to RA at the level of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), n=14)]; and Group C or pedicled LITA to the LAD and aorto-coronary RA (n=14). The patients were submitted to postoperative blow flow velocity analysis using a 0.014 inch 12 MHz Doppler flowire. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was calculated by determining the average hyperemic peak velocity (APV) after an injection of adenosine. RESULTS: Proximal LITA baseline APV was 28.4±4.8 cm/s in group A, 34.4±7.9 cm/s in group B (p=0.0384 x C) and 25.8± 8.6 cm/s in group C. The CFR was 2.1 ± 0.4, 2±0.3 and 2±0.4 in groups A,B and C respectively (p=0.7208 A, B x C). The total Q to LCA branches was 110±30 in group A, 145±59 in B and 133±58 mL/min in C (p=0.3232 A, B x C). CONCLUSIONS: The LITA-RA composite graft maintains an adequate CFR and conveys similar blood flow to the left coronary artery branches when compared with conventional CABG technique.


Taking the rotating cavity with micro-turbine as research object,the experimental researches have been applied to study the flow characteristics inside the rotating cavity.The five-hole probe system was used to measure the velocity of the flow.The distributions of velocity and vortex inside the rotating cavity were summarized respectively under two rotational speeds(1100r/min and 1800r/min) in six axial locations.The results reveal that the ratio between inflow inertia force and rotating effect is the main factor that influences the flow.It also indicates that the flow is mainly controlled rotating effect at higher speed.Then,the distribution of tangential,radial and axial component of velocity is given in the paper.


Crocins,the coloring glycoside of Crocus Sativus L.,include crocin-1、crocin-2、crocin-3、crocin-4 and crocetin.In curing cardiovascular diseases,crocins are used in lowering center blood pressure,preventing atheroma and thrombus,and also protecting liver,curing cancer,erasing inflammation,treating parenchyma injure etc.


This investigation was carried out with the purpose of reducing the sulphur content in diesel from the topping plant and avoiding air pollution, due to the presence of SOx in the emissions, at the same time reduced the corrosion rate in the equipment, machinery or mechanical components of the industry. An oxidative desulphurization (ODS) process was carried out with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [BMIM][HSO4]) that serves as a solvent and catalyst. H2O2 (30 % wt) was used as an oxidizing agent, because it is benign to the environment. A maximum of 43.14% removal was obtained at a volumetric ratio VIL/Vdiesel (1:1), molar ratio H2O2/S (5) and reaction time (2 hours). In addition, the IL was evaluated after subjecting it to a regeneration process, being able to recycle it only once until it is saturated again; also the physical-chemical properties of diesel were studied before and after of exposed it to the ODS process.


This work addresses the person re-identification problem, which consists on matching images of individuals captured by multiple and non-overlapping surveillance cameras. Works from literature tackle this problem proposing robust feature descriptors and matching functions, where the latter is responsible to assign the correct identity for individuals and is the focus of this work. Specifically, we propose two matching methods: the Kernel MBPLS and the Kernel X-CRC. The Kernel MBPLS is a nonlinear regression model that is scalable with respect to the number of cameras and allows the inclusion of additional labelled information (e.g., attributes). Differently, the Kernel X-CRC is a nonlinear and multitask matching function that can be used jointly with subspace learning approaches to boost the matching rates. We present an extensive experimental evaluation of both approaches in four datasets (VIPeR, PRID450S, WARD and Market-1501). Experimental results demonstrate that the Kernel MBPLS and the Kernel X-CRC outperforms approaches from literature. Furthermore, we show that the Kernel X-CRC can be successfuly applied in large-scale and multiple cameras datasets.


New loaded silicone compositions comprising a nanoparticulate metal oxide filler selected from the nanoparticulate bismuth oxide monoclinic alpha phase erbium nanoparticulate oxide and mixtures thereof. The new composite compositions exhibit a combination of excellent performance characteristics in both cured and uncured states. Thus, the uncured preparations are normally liquid free flowing self-leveling, which outgas easily vacuum, readily colorable by addition of pigments and which cure at temperatures of about 60 degrees C. The cured compositions have to excellent acoustic characteristics which make them ideally suited for use in applications such as acoustic lenses for imaging and therapy. For example, the acoustic impedance of compositions provided by the present invention closely matches the impedance of human tissue. This can lead to improved efficiency of the ultrasound transmission between the lens of an ultrasonic probe having such a composition and the patient.


The purpose of this study is to understand the process of learning and cultural literacy education needs based on experienced arts and cultural actors. This study carried out for cultural literacy practitioners will be formed optimally if the learning process takes significant importance. This research is a case study with qualitative approach carried out in Bejiharjo village, Yogyakarta. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. The key people included art and cultural practitioners, community leaders, and cultural village manager. The results showed that the actor implementing the learning process independently and collectively preserved and developed culture. It is realised there is a need for cultural literacy education that can be applied directly in cultural activities related to regeneration, curriculum, trainer and competence in marketing arts and culture. A meaningful education process can be done as an act of development to manage arts and cultural community.


Based on the health of human capital theory and theory of regional differences, this paper study the regional differences in rural areas from a health perspective of human capital. In this paper, it showed that the incidence of poverty, health and a negative correlation between better health, the possibility of occurrence of poverty smaller by the simple OLS model, Probit model and Logit model of China's rural health human capital inequality on the poverty impact of empirical analysis.


Contemporary evaluation techniques to assess the contribution of the creative economy in the innovative development of the territories are quite diverse and include most of the important approaches to the study of the structure and effect of the creative industries. The models are built based on the evaluation of the statistical data array from different countries and territories. These models have shown practical importance for the elaboration of the regional development strategy. At the same time adapting foreign techniques is not always possible due to the lack of statistical information, the measurement errors or the impossibility of direct transferring of a particular methodology. The article considers the up-to-date techniques to evaluate the effect of the creative industries, with consideration of possibility to apply these techniques to analyze the effect of the creative economy in the development of the Russian regions. (Khackimova E.R. Review of up-to-date evaluation techniques of creative industries and their effect on development of terrirories. Life Sci J 2014;12(12):423-425) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82


Dehydronorcantharidin thiosemicarbazide is synthesized from condensation product of thiosemicarbazide with furaldehyde and maleic anhydride by Diels-Alder reaction.The structure of the target compound was confirmed by IR,1H NMR13 C NMR and elemental analysis. The reaction conditions were optimized,and the yield of the target compound was 76.2%.


Arterial hypertension following blunt abdominal trauma is a rare complication that can be induced by compression of the renal parenchyma due to a perirenal or subcapsular hematoma or adrenal hemorrhage. A 63-year-old woman was admitted after blunt abdominal trauma. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a right renal subcapsular hematoma and right adrenal gland hematoma. The patient developed hypertension during conservative treatment. Pheochromocytoma, renovascular hypertension, adrenal adenoma, thyroid disease, and other causes of secondary hypertension were excluded. On following the patient, her blood pressure normalized spontaneously without prescribing any antihypertensive medications. The renal subcapsular hematoma and adrenal hemorrhage regressed progressively as the blood pressure normalized. We report this case to make physicians aware that transient hypertension can develop in patients with blunt abdominal trauma, and to prevent the use of unnecessary antihypertensive medications. (Korean J Med 2013;84:414-417)


As showed by agricultural and geological environment survey results,the overall quality of the land with the square of 54000km2 in the lower reach of the Yellow River in Shandong province is in good condition,and majority of the land is clean.99.9% soil in survey region is green soil,which can produce wheat,corn and other agricultural products;first class soil accounts for 92.7% which is suitable for producing green food production;second class soil accounts for 7.2%;and third class soil accounts for 0.1%.In this survey,it is found that land which has been polluted seriously by heavy metal are mainly distributed in surrounding areas of cities.As showed by geochemical survey results of shallow groundwater,the state of environmental pollution in shallow groundwater in this region is serious.Regions with good water quality mainly distribute in the piedmont lot in north of Jining district,surrounding areas of Pingyin county,south part of Changqing county and south part of Jinan city,while water quality in other areas is poor or very poor(not suitable for drinking).


This paper examines the implications of cross-border production fragmentation in the context of regional integration, using both general- and partial-equilibrium approaches. It shows the conditions under which fragmentation converts a trade-diverting FTA into a trade creating one. It assesses the effect of fragmentation on the balance of payments and the sensitivity of trade flows to exchange-rate changes.


After completing this article, readers should be able to:

1. List the patient selection criteria for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

2. Describe common complications of ECMO.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a method of heart-lung bypass that has been used widely to treat respiratory failure in neonates since 1982. Although invasive, ECMO results in a 94% survival rate for infants who have meconium aspiration syndrome and have failed to improve despite optimal ventilatory support (Fig. 1 ). Multiple conditions have been treated with ECMO, including respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Fig. 2 ), persistent pulmonary hypertension, and pneumonia. Cumulatively, the overall survival of infants who receive ECMO is 80%.

ECMO requires the placement of cannulas in the major blood vessels of the neck (Fig. 3 ). Support may either be venovenous (VV), with blood removed from and returned to the venous circulation via the jugular vein, or venoarterial (VA), with blood removed from the venous circulation and returned to the arterial circulation via the jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively. Blood removed from the patient undergoes gas exchange through the membrane lung and then is warmed before returning to the patient. Clotting of the circuit is prevented by heparinization. ECMO provides cardiopulmonary support while allowing the underlying pulmonary or cardiac dysfunction to resolve without the risk of further injury from barotrauma or hyperoxia.

Although the conditions that may contribute to the initiation of ECMO are multiple, patient selection criteria are specific and have been standardized among ECMO centers.

1. Gestational age of at least 34 weeks. ECMO has been limited to this group because of the need for systemic …


Milk production in the Azores contributes with 30% of national production. With the end of milk quotas and Community support to the production, farmers face risks and uncertainties that influence their decisions on the quantity of milk to produce and respective price to practice.
Focusing on the economic performance of milk producers of Sao Miguel, this work aims to categorize the economic viability of their dairy farms after the elimination of all or part of the Community and regional subsidies, and incorporated the remuneration to family labor. The results indicate that only a small number of farms does not have economic and competitive viability and all of them are viable in financial terms.


Although several investigations have focused on luminescence modulation by chelation with metal cations using bidentate ligands or crown ether systems, a bis(crown ether) system has not yet been used for modulation of chemiluminescence (CL) reactions. In the CL reaction of 2-(phenyl and 4-dimethylaminophenyl)-4-hydroperoxy-4-3',4'-(15-crown-5)phenyl-5-3'',4''(15-crown-5)phenyl-4H-isoimidazoles 2a and b possessing a bis(15-crown-5 ether) moiety, the rate acceleration was observed in the presence of K(+), Rb(+) and Cs(+) due to the holding effect of the bis-crown moiety, but no rate acceleration was observed by Li(+) and Na(+) due to the template effect of the crown moiety. The acceleration of the CL reaction rates is ascribable to the conformational change induced by the scissor-like motion of the bis-crown moiety assisted by the holding effect.


case out of the construction, for the subjunctive of reported statement (implied indirect discourse) does not eschew verbs of this sort, as can be seen in Cic. Sen. 78: "Demonstrabantur mihi praeterea, quae Socrates supremo vitae die de immortalitate animorum disseruisset" ("the views which Socrates was said to have set forth"). Nor can a point be made of the fact that diceret introduces oratio obliqua, since in this same oration (Phil. ii. 3) criminatus est (a verb of "saying" in the indicative mood) also governs oratio obliqua: "De amicitia, quam a me violatam esse criminatus est, .... pauca dicam." In fact, the proximity of this relative clause, in which the indicative is used, to the one under discussion, in which the subjunctive is used, seems to make it undeniably clear that the mood of the verb in such clauses does convey meaning. And a subjunctive, such as diceret, instead of indicating carelessness of expression is in reality an evidence of the author's desire to express the exact shade of -meaning he has in mind. HOMER F. REBERT


The showed that students' understanding towards Javanese letters in SDN 3 Ngadirenggo of Trenggalek Regency are still quite low, it is necessary to develop a media which can help the students in learning process and improve the reading skill of Javanese letters. This research purposed at learning media development of Javanese letters scrabble which can help the students in learning Javanese language material. In addition, it investigated the effectiveness of learning media development of Javanese letters scrabble when the media was conducted in learning Javanese language, especially javanese letters material for fourth grade students of elementary school.
Research and Development were included in this research by using model development, namely ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This model employed product approach by means of systematic and interactive steps. The steps consist of five steps, namely: (1) analyze, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, (5) evaluation.
Research results shows that learning media of Javanese letters scrabble earned a highly valid and eligible assessment in accordance with validation from the experts. The percentage was 92,3% from the result of validation by material experts with vey valid criteria and 92 % from media experts with vey valid criteria. The media effectiveness was observed from the result of students' learning outcome in the implementation had an average of 87,5 and the students had ≥ 70 of score with the percentage of 83% students complete. Media interest also can be observed from the result of teacher assessment in fourth grade. It revealed that a media is a highly eligible to be applied for learning media of 92.5% with vey good criteria, and the percentage 92,9% with vey good criteria from the result of students' response toward media in implementation. Scrabble learning media of Javanese letters is suggested to be developed for the digital version. Moreover, other media that can support the success of learning should be developed.


Natural catastrophes increased over time in numbers and in economic losses. This trend is expected to continue. Reinsurers operating in high risk areas attempted to transfer part of their huge losses to the financial markets or to less risky areas domestically or internationally, including Arab countries. Statistics show relatively low number of events and low economic losses resulting from natural catastrophes in Arab countries. The risk transfers over-burdened Arab insurance companies. These transfers did not receive serious academic attention. The present paper studies aspects of insurance and reinsurance against natural catastrophes, studies risk transfers and presents suggestions to reduce the extra burden that transfers inflect upon Arab insurers.


A method for the Spectrophotometric determination of chromium (Vl) after extraction of its ternary complex with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) as the chelating agent in to molten naphthalene biphenyl has been developed. The Cr-(PDC)3 complex in a nitric acid solution is quantitatively extracted from into molten naphthalene biphenyl at about 70 oC. Organic phase can be obtained as a solid lump on the surface of the aqueous phase, making its collection simple. Therefore the organic phase dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The chromium in this solution is than determined by using atomic absorption technique. The effect of different variables such as acid concentration, naphthalene biphenyl, shaking time, foreign ions and APDC concentration was investigated. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society


This paper constructs a model to calculate composite system's coordinating degree,establishes sustainable development system from five sub-systems of development level,development efficiency,development potentiality,development openness and development regulation,and makes an empirical analysis on Liaoning's sustainable development from 1981 to 2006.There comes conclusion that Liaoning's sustainable development being not coordinated generally,which appears that coordinating degree's being not high within long period.


Objective:To study the pregnancy rate of intrauterine insem ination (IUI) and the relative factors affecting the pregnancy rate. Methods: The sperm was selected by swimming-up technology. 301 infertility couples accepted IUI.Results: 301 couplels Underwent 435 cycles IUI,of whom 78 cases got pregnant. The cumulated pregnancy rate was 24.9%,while pregnancy rate per cycle was 17.93%. Among them,2 cases ended in ectopic pregnancies,2 cases were complete hydatidiform mole ,7 cases were twins or multiple pregnancies,48 cases resulted in single pregnancy,19 cycles were aborted. The pregnancy rate of stimulate ovulation cycles was higher than that of natural cycles,but the pregnancy rate among the three stimulate ovulation had no difference .The pregnancy rate on different time after the injection of HCG had no difference. Conclusion:IUI is one of the reliable assisted reproductive technologies,The pregnancy rate of stimulate ovulation cycles was higher than that of natural cycles.


Objective To establish kainite quickly induced emporal epilepsy rat model. Methods Kainic acid was continuously injected into right lateral ventricle of rat via stereotactic technique to make an epileptic focus. The behavior of the rats was recorded by a video camera. EEG signal was recorded by an EEG polygraph. The pathologic changes were observed with Nissl and BrdU staining. Results The changes in behavior and EEG experienced three phases, which were acute, silent and chronic. According to Racine's scale, 8 rats were classified as type Ⅴ, 12 as type Ⅳ, 2 as type Ⅲ and the other 2 as type Ⅱ. The spike waves originated from hippocampus and spread to amygdala and frontal lobe. Pathologic changes showed that prolonged seizures induced pyramid cell loss in the hippocampus. BrdU labeled cells mainly localized in dentate gyrus(P0.01). Conclusion The kainic acid induced rat model is an ideal animal model to simulate human temporal lobe epilepsy. Development of epilepsy is accompanied by enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus.


Agency is read or legal persons and played intermediate role between seller and buyer. They found seller for buyer and buyer for seller with respect to their role and position. So they played important role in exchange transaction and if agency Company has not enough supervision on their subset, they damaged to owner of stock and legal person has responsibility. Some of civilian responsibilities of exchange agency are: Other stock sell, in order transaction, delay pay, make mistake in transaction and so on. Keywords: Agency, exchange transaction, civilian .


In order to adapt the objective of training engineers who can meet the needs of the industry, problems in current professional practice model of telecommunication engineering education in regional colleges are discussed in this paper. Plan for a project-driven training system is proposed based on exploration of school-enterprise cooperation to build a practice base for communication engineering. Each important factor of the proposed practice teaching system and the corresponding teaching method have been analyzed in detail, which makes an effective attempt to establish an inter-related training mode. Our teaching results show that the proposed scheme can effectively meet the needs for the modern technical experts in telecommunication industry.


EZH2, the functional enzymatic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), is a histone methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me), and may act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cellular contexts. EZH2 overexpression correlates with worse prognosis in many cancer types including breast, lung, and prostate cancer. However, other data suggest EZH2 activation results in better outcomes in colon cancer, and several publications show that inactivating mutations in EZH2 and its related proteins are common in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Because EZH2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for many cancer types, understanding the roles of EZH2 in lung tumor initiation and progression is important. We generated the LSL:Kras G12D/+ ; p53 flox/flox (LSL: lox-stop-lox) mice ( Kras/p53 mice) with either zero, one or two floxed alleles of Ezh2 and induced lung tumors with intranasal adeno-Cre virus administration. Similar to findings by other groups, mice with two floxed alleles of Ezh2 ( Ezh2 null) had higher tumor burden (57%), higher tumor grade, and lower survival (110 days) than Ezh2 wild-type Kras/p53 mice (45% and 116 days, respectively). Ezh2 null tumors also had a higher propensity to metastasize than Ezh2 wild-type tumors at time-points greater than 110 days after adeno-Cre virus administration (75% vs. 16%, respectively). However, we also observed that mice with only one floxed allele of Ezh2 ( Ezh2 heterozygous) had lower tumor burden (27%) and grade and increased survival (127 days) compared to Ezh2 wild-type mice. These data suggest that full and partial insufficiency for Ezh2 have distinct phenotypic outcomes. We generated two-dimensional tumor cell lines, from which the preliminary RNA-seq showed that 108 genes were significantly upregulated and 45 genes significantly downregulated in Ezh2 flox/flox cells relative to Ezh2 +/+ Kras/p53 cells (FDR 1.3). GSEA results of Ezh2 null vs. wild-type positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), KRAS-driven tumorigenesis, metastasis, Hippo signaling, and imprinted genes. In contrast, Ezh2 heterozygous vs. wild-type showed enrichment of non-metastasis signatures and only partial enrichment of PRC2-target and imprinted genes. Consistent with RNA-seq results, Ezh2 null cell lines showed obvious EMT morphology compared to Ezh2 wild-type cells. ChIP-seq studies to learn how H3K27me3 correlates with gene expression are ongoing. In conclusion, Ezh2 haploinsufficiency (heterozygous) leads to better prognosis while full insufficiency (null) causes aggressive metastatic lung tumors in the Kras/p53 mouse model. Given that loss of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase Ezh2 leads to more aggressive KRAS-driven tumors, we are now exploring the efficacy of the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitors in this genotype. Three-dimensional cultures of murine tumor cells have demonstrated sensitivity to the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitors GSK-J4, which may be a method to epigenetically target KRAS+ tumors. Citation Format: Fan Chen, Aria L. Byrd, Yanming Zhao, Carla F. Kim, Christine Fillmore Brainson. Ezh2 haploinsufficiency and full insufficiency in KRAS/p53-null lung tumors drive distinct cellular phenotypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.


Capabilities in fully non-axisymmetric numerical methods have resulted in a parametric study of various conventional and ultimate torsatron configurations. No superbananas are found in torsatrons without local magnetic wells. Neutral injection calculations show that, if the vacuum magnetic surfaces are well defined, tangential injection is very efficient.


A single failure time distribution (FTD) may not be a good model for describing the system characteristics in case failures patterns are subjected to many causes. And, this suggests strongly that the population is not homogeneous but rather is made up of several subpopulations mixed in unknown proportions. Since, instantaneous/ immediate failures are a natural occurrence and such failures usually discard the assumption of a unimodel distribution and hence the usual method of modeling and inference procedures may not be accurate in practice such failures are called inliers. The inconsistency of such life data is modeled using a non-standard mixture of distributions by considering the FTD as Lindley distribution. Further, likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of model along with Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) for various parametric functions, wherever possible is done. Various estimators and characteristics are studied with the support of numerical examples.


In Dire Dawa, Ethiopia's second-largest city, the Gargaar Relief and Development Association responds to the needs of the local population, which is composed of several ethnically and linguistically distinct groups. Gargaar instituted a reproductive health project in 1995 that involves community-based distribution (CBD) of oral contraceptives and condoms by a cadre of community health workers. CBD is important in a setting where women are embarrassed to visit a family planning clinic, and demand for services often outstrips the project's capacity and inventory. This success obliterates the common misconception that the poorest of the poor will not seek contraception because they must concentrate on other, "more pressing" needs. Most of the project's beneficiaries survive on a day-to-day basis, and many are refugees subject to various resettlement schemes. The project has shown the importance of incorporating reproductive health aspects into development efforts, even in areas of absolute poverty. Thus, Gargaar provides community development assistance, such as a women's revolving loan fund for income generation, with provision of affordable and accessible contraceptives.


A dielectric microcavity of dye doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is fabricated by SU-8 photoresist molding technique. The molding technique by fabricating a solid polymer dye microcavity laser is described in detail. The dye laser microcavity resonators properties are confirmed


Purpose - Knowledge sharing is an important factor influencing organizational development, and research has been conducted on the relationship between leadership and knowledge sharing behavior for a long time. However, some employees suggested that they were reluctant to share their knowledge with colleagues and organizations. Accordingly, this paper proposes that the relationship between leadership and knowledge sharing behavior is only understood by comprehending how leadership can help reduce the employee costs of knowledge sharing.
Design/Methodology/Approach - We conducted analysis for employees of the service, manufacturing, and construction industries and public institutions, and 253 samples were used in hypothesis testing. In hypothesis testing, structural equation modeling, direct, and indirect effects were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS.
Findings - We confirmed that spiritual leadership promotes knowledge sharing behavior among employees. In addition, as a result of verifying the mediation effect of the perceived cost of knowledge sharing, it was confirmed that spiritual leadership can help reduce perceived employee costs of knowledge sharing, and leads to the knowledge sharing behavior of employees.
Research Implications - This study proved the relationship between spiritual leadership and perceived cost in knowledge sharing behavior. It was confirmed that spiritual leadership is important as a factor that helps reduce perceived employee costs and promotes knowledge sharing behavior.


Sounding rockets are relatively small rockets developed primarily for high-altitude experiments, and are used in many
academic and low-cost research missions. Antennas for sounding rockets need to be compact, lightweight, omnidirectional
and have a form factor that allows them to be integrated on the rocket without causing drag, which can make their design
challenging. A group at ENSEIRB-MATMECA, Bordeaux Institute of Technology, used CST STUDIO SUITE to develop a low
cost antenna that can be integrated into the nose cone of a rocket and transmit payload and telemetry data in the
869.4–869.65 MHz and 2.4–2.4835 GHz frequency bands.In the course of flight, the maximum distance between the rocket
and the ground base station is 2.5 km, and the elevation relative to the base station varies between 90° and 160° (Figure 1).
However, to minimise the risk from malfunctions such as parachute failures, the antenna was designed to have maximal
elevation coverage. Full specifications can be found in [1] – the most critical is that in the upper band, the maximum allowed
gain variation is 8.7 dB.


The results of the comparative analysis of the spleen in healthy individuals of bream Abramis brama and those infected by the Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids are given. Two age groups of bream were studied. The comparison was carried out by the index of common lipids (CL), the content of common lipids, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (POL), and the common antioxidant activity (CAA). The dependence of the lipid exchange character in the fishes infected by Ligula on age, as well as on different levels of the infestation is demonstrated.


To resolve the fire safety design problems of modern large-scale emporium,the author brings forward a new concept named sub-safety zone and defines it clearly.For the altitude of sub-safety zone,the author takes some advances of design outline from combustible control,fire suppression,fire-proof compartmentation,smoke control,fire spread control and evacuation etc.Because of no fire safety code stating sub-safety zone,the author advances to use performance-based design to analyze the security of sub-safety zone from some aspects:safety judgment,smoke flow simulation,evacuate simulation and fire spread calculation.


Using a method initially developed by George Young (1819-1889), Arthur Cayley (18211895), and later by George Watson (1886-1965), an explicit quartic is constructed to enable the solution in radicals of a quintic when it is a solvable equation. Not one, but two sextic resolvents are derived which are important to forming the coefficients of this quartic. Certain difficulties and their solutions as well as a novel consequence to the method are also addressed in this paper. Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 12E12; Secondary: 12F10. It was the year 450 AH (c. 11 century AD). The poet-mathematician bent over the sand and scribbled some words. In the distance, a caravan of merchants and their camels were trudging on the dirt road going to the great city of Samarkand, but the poet paid them no heed. He was looking at the words he had written which modern mathematicians would understand as the cubic equation 0 32 20 3 = + + x x . It was just yesterday that the poet solved a similar equation using conic sections. He frowned, as a thought occurred to him, and he made several scribbles. The equation became the fifth degree equation 0 32 20 5 = + + x x . The poet stared at it for a moment. It was probably impossible to solve, he thought, as there were only the three dimensions of length, breath, and width. As he continued to ponder over the matter, an idea for a poem came to him. He erased the equation, and started to write on the sand, "The Moving finger writes, and having writ..." Little did he know that it would take almost a thousand years before such equations could be solved.


All database systems must be able to respond to requests for information from the user that is process queries. Secure and efficient algorithms are needed that provide the ability to query over encrypted database and allow optimized encryption and decryption of data. Data encryption is a strong option for security of data in database and especially in those organizations where security risks are high. Firms outsourcing their databases to untrusted parties started to look for new ways to securely store data and efficiently query them. When we apply encryption on database then we should compromise between the security and efficient query processing, because the operations of encryption and decryption greatly degrade query performance. This paper presents a survey on various encryption algorithms and identifies many of the common issues, themes, and approaches that cover query processing. Also in this paper a survey is made based on performance of query processing as well as pros and cons of existing algorithms.


The Paralympic games began as a way for World War II veterans to take part in elite-level competition. Thanks to various disability-sport organizations, men and women who have served in the military are still using sport as a form of rehabilitation and a way to transition into their new life. Language: en


To investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive functions in boys with persistent and remittent ADHD from childhood into young adult years. Males (n=217) 15-31 years with and without ADHD were assessed at 3 time points over 10 years into young adulthood. Subjects were stratified into Remittent ADHD, and Persistent ADHD based on the course of ADHD. Cognitive domains included: 1) overall IQ (overall IQ, block design IQ, vocabulary IQ, 2) achievement scores in reading and math and measures of executive function (Wechsler arithmetic, digit span, digit symbol, Rey-Osterrieth, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Stroop Test). Cognitive outcomes were modeled as a function of group (Controls, Remittent ADHD, and Persistent ADHD), age, group by age interaction, and any demographic confounders using linear growth-curve models. There were no significant interaction effects of group by time. Main group effects indicated that persistent and remittent ADHD groups both had significantly lower scores on all cognitve outcomes compared to Controls and these did not differ between them. Psychometrically-defined cognitive deficits are relatively stable into young adult years and appear to be independent of the course of ADHD. More work is needed to help define the implications of these deficits in individuals with a remitting course of ADHD. Disclaimer: a PDF file of As a we version of The copyediting, typesetting, review of the proof citable form. that the production process errors may be discovered could the and all legal disclaimers that apply to the pertain.


Intrauterine growth restriction is the consequence of the delay in growth and development potential of each individual, which occurs in response to maternal, fetal and placental causes. It is one of the principal causes of perinatal morbility and mortality and represents 10% of all pregnancies in the world. Its diagnosis and management have been established by prenatal control, ultrasound, Doppler and biophysical profile. In the last decade Doppler ultrasound has become of great relevance in the management of patients with IUGR because it has the best prediction of fetal outcome. The following article has the objective to analyze the most recent studies in the importance of Doppler in the management of singleton pregnancies with IUGR for its usefulness in decreasing perinatal morbimortality in the everyday clinical practice.


Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 28 employees of administrative staff of Damghan Velayat Hospital. In order to determine the level of ergonomic risk, the physical status of patients was evaluated before and 6 months after intervention using ROSA method. The ergonomic principles were also used to increase the staff's awareness. Finally, one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to analyze the statistical data.


The incorporation and chemical bonding of fluorine introduced in SiO2 thin films by NF3‐enhanced oxidation of silicon has been studied by means of x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. Fluorine bonding in the oxide network is observed, indicated to occur in the area of the oxidizing interface and resulting in depth profiles which reflect the manner of the exposure of the growing oxide to the NF3 fluorine source during oxidation.


Benes networks are known as the non-blocking rearrangeable networks which can realize arbitrary permutation without conflict. In this thesis, a class of 2$log\sb bN$ stage rearrangeable networks which are equivalent to Benes networks is introduced. Networks in this class can be either symmetric or asymmetric in their structure, regular or irregular in their inter-stage connections, and $2log\sb bN$ or 2$log\sb bN -$ 1 stages. A switch labelling scheme is proposed to provide means for testing the topological and functional equivalency for this class of networks. This switch labelling scheme can also provide a novel matrix representation for network configuration. This new representation introduces a portability concept for the routing scheme on this class of networks. With this new representation, a general routing scheme is also developed which can realize arbitrary permutation for the whole class of 2$log\sb bN$ stage networks.
In this thesis, we also propose two types of general fault-tolerant routing schemes for the whole class of $2log\sb2 N$ stage networks: First, a one-pass fault-tolerant routing scheme is presented. For the failure of control line in the switches, a fault-free routing algorithm is proposed to tolerate multiple faults on each stage of the network. For the failure of switch data lines and inter-stage links, a graceful degradation routing algorithm is developed to configure the network so that the loss is ensured to be minimal for weighted permutation requests. Second, a novel two-pass fault-tolerant routing scheme is proposed to tolerate more switch and link faults when one-pass fault-tolerant routing fails. Our two-pass fault-tolerant routing scheme dramatically increases the fault-tolerant capability of a network. It can tolerate the failure of almost half of a network.


Robin Blackburn examines the slave system in the two Americas - United States, Brazil and Cuba - which he judges as an essential element of capitalist modernity, capable of contributing to, or even explaining the industrial revolution. Instead, its abolition, according to the author, was due not to economic causes, but to internal or international crises, the struggles for independence, the wars and revolts of the slaves, rather than the humanitarian propaganda of the antislave movement. Often the battle for emancipation - in particular the Haiti revolution that broke out in 1791 - did not yield any immediate gains for the former slaves, but left as its heritage the defense of the universal rights of man.