An automatic spike detection algorithm for classification of multi-channel EEG signals based on artificial neural network is presented. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network was chosen for single channel recognition, with model optimization using receiver operating characteristics analysis. Waveform simplification was employed for high noise immunity. Feature extraction with as few as three parameters was used as preparation for the inputs to the neural network. Identification of multi-channel geometric correlation was performed to further lower the false-positive rate by using an incidence matrix. Threshold value for spike classification was chosen for simultaneous maximization of detection sensitivity and selectivity. Evaluation with visual analysis in this preliminary study showed a 83% sensitivity using 16-channel continuous EEG records of four patients, while a high false positive rate was found, which was believed to arise from the extensive and exhaustive visual analysis process. The computation time required for spike detection was significantly less than that needed for online display of the signals on the monitor. We believe that the algorithm proposed in this study is robust and that the simple structure of RBF neural network yields high potential for real-time implementation.


This article attempts to describe the life and activity of the outstanding scientist of Korean studies Boris Dmitrievich Pak, major milestones of his career in science, shaping him as a scholar, an important focus of his research, the most important works. assess his contribution to Korean studies, to the forming the new generation of scientists, his social activities, to show his place in the domestic and the international scientific community, to tell about a time when he had to live and work, the difficulties that he as a son of the "enemy of the people" and a representative of the repressed people had to overcome. The author also wanted in addition to the analysis of B. D. Pak 's works to help to get to know him, to reveal some features of his personality, human side, based on her personal experiences.The article describes the childhood years, deportation, education in the Central State University, postgraduate studies, the first monograph. It described period after the move to Moscow and work at the Institute of Oriental Studies, analyzes his main works. The author gives the characteristic of the school of B. D. Pak, his international and social activities.Boris D. Pak was born on January 4th, 1931 in Vladivostok, in the family of Pak Dynnen and Choi Yon Ai. In 1937, his father was arrested "as a Japanese spy" and shot. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1958. Boris's family survived the deportation of the Korean population in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Being a "son of an enemy of the people" B. D. Pak from the early years experienced enormous hardships, was forced to do hard physical labor. But despite this he graduated from high school with honors in 1950 and joined the faculty of the Eastern Central Asian State University in Tashkent, as a history major. Already during his studies at the university he showed a great aptitude for scientific research. He took part in student conferences. His paper on the Japanese Communist Party in 1954, was published in the proceedings of the students. The collection opened with his article. Undoubted leadership qualities, excellent achievements in learning, talent, and a great capacity for work soon attracted attention and he was elected leader of the Young Communist League.After graduating with honors in 1956, B. D. Pak worked as a teacher of history and director of the school № 13 with the famous collective farm "Polar Star" in Middle-Chirchik district of Tashkent region.In 1962, Boris D. Pak enrolled in postgraduate studies at Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after V. I. Lenin. This became possible with the death of Stalin, when for the Koreans in Central Asia and Kazakhstan the restrictions on studying and living outside the Central Asian republics were eased. In 1965 he defended his Ph. D. thesis "The liberation struggle of the Korean people on the eve of the First World War." In 1967, it was published by the publishing house "Science".After finishing graduate school, B. D. Pak was sent as a lecturer in the history of the East to Irkutsk State Pedagogical Institute. The most prolonged and intense "Siberian period" in the scientific activities of Boris Pak began. In September 1968, Boris Dmitrievich received academic rank of assistant professor and was elected Dean of the Faculty of History.In 1972, B. D. Pak enrolled in doctoral studies at Moscow State Pedagogical University, and in 1974 he defended his doctoral thesis on "Russia and Korea in the middle of XIX - early XX century." After that, he was elected chair of World History. In 1977 he was awarded the title of professor. He becomes the leading scientist in Siberia on Korea and East Asia.B. D. Pak is the author of over 200 scientific papers. His writings on the history of Russian-Korean relations, the history of Russian Koreans recognized classic, translated into many languages.Boris D. Pak is the founder of the trend in Korean Studies - History of Russian-Korean relat


HE ability of certain carnivore cestodes to develop in more than one host suggested the question, Will the common dog tapeworm, T~nia pisiformis Bloch, develop in the domestic cat (Felis domestica) ? Several kittens reared in cages covered with wire screen (eighteen mesh) were given Cysticercus pisiformis from the peritoneal cavity of the cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsii, the intermediate host of this dog tapeworm. In the experiment, three control and eight experimental kittens were used. When kittens 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29 and 32 were approximately six weeks old, feedings of cysticerci were made every few days until from ten (kittens 27, 29, 32) to approximately seventy-five cysts had been fed to each kitten. The examinations of these animals yielded the following results: Kitten 27, examined two days after feeding, three tapeworms (length, 3.5 to 4 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 29 (died), examined two days after feeding, eight tapeworms (length, 3.5 to 6 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 32 (died), examined five days after feeding, five tapeworms (length, 6 to 10 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 24, examined twenty-one days after first feeding, two tapeworms (length, 6 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 25, examined twenty-two days after first feeding, three tapeworms (length, 10 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 23, examined fifty-two days after first feeding, four tapeworms (length, 4, 5.5, 12.5, 22 mm.) in the small intestine. Kitten 22, examined ninety-eight dayis after first feeding, no


Ultrathin acrylic acid polymer films have been deposited on the surfaces of nanoparticles of ZnO using a plasma polymerization treatment. The average size of nanoparticles is on the order of 50 nm in irregular shapes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) experiments showed that an extremely thin film of the acrylic acid layer (15 nm) was uniformly deposited on the surfaces of the nanoparticles. In particular, the particles of all sizes exhibited equally uniform ultrathin films indicating a well-dispersed nanoparticles in the fluidized bed during the plasma treatment. The deposition mechanisms and the effects of plasma treatment parameters are discussed.


According to one highly influential approach to moral responsibility, human beings are responsible (eligible to be praised or blamed) for what they do because they are responsive to reasons (Fischer & Ravizza 1998). However, this amounts to a descriptive assumption about human beings that may not be borne out by the empirical research. According to a recent trend in moral psychology (Haidt 2001), most human judgment is caused by fast, nonconscious, and intuitive processes, rather than explicit, conscious deliberation about one's reasons. And when humans do engage in explicit deliberation, it primarily serves to provide post hoc rationalization of their intuitive judgments (confabulation). If this is correct, it is tempting to conclude that most of our judgments—and the actions we perform on their basis—are not genuine responses to reasons. The reasons-responsiveness approach would thus appear to be committed to the implausible conclusion that we are not responsible for very much after all, including, most problematically, our implicit biases. I argue that the reasons-responsiveness approach can avoid this conclusion by showing three things: (1) that affective and intuitive processes can be reasons-responsive; (2) that the responsiveness of those processes can be bolstered by the agent's environment; and (3) that practices like blame are one of the key ways in which human beings are attuned to reasons over time. I argue that the first and second of these items, despite their initial plausibility, are insufficient on their own to explain why humans can be held accountable for things like implicit biases, and that the way forward is to appreciate what holding each other accountable does—i.e., its effects.


— This paper studies the effects of initial perturbations on the inner liner surface (ILS) of an imploding cylindrical liner. In MagLIF [1], nonuniform preheat of the fuel could provide an additional source of spatial nonuniformity on the ILS. A blast wave generated by the laser preheat might trigger the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RM) on the ILS which then serves as another seed to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RT) during the stagnation (deceleration) phase of the implosion. Another scenario is that the shock initiated from the outer liner surface, during current rise [2], propagates inward and is reflected at the ILS. This reflected shock would carry the initial ILS perturbations [2] which then serve as an additional seed for the magneto-RT (MRT) during the acceleration phase of the implosion. These potentially dangerous interactions are analyzed using the 2D HYDRA code. The effects of axial magnetic fields, of the initial surface roughness spectrum, and of gas fill or water fill (to examine deceleration phase RT) are studied.


MapReduce is widely used for BigData processing. It was originally designed to overcome the I/O bottleneck of commodity servers. However, several high speed storage and network devices have recently emerged, and speeds continue to increase. Employing such brand new devices will solve the I/O bottleneck, making the CPU the next serious bottleneck in the MapReduce framework. In this paper, we conduct a performance study of Hadoop MapReduce by using a server cluster built on state-of-the-art devices. We show the CPU is the bottleneck in such an environment. To overcome the CPU bottleneck, we propose hardware acceleration for MapReduce. We implement a prototype using a many core processor board developed by Tilera and show the feasibility of our proposal.


Complex power is discussed in Sections 11.5 and 11.6 of Introduction to Electric Circuits by R.C. Dorf and J.A Svoboda. In particular, Table 11.5-1 summarizes the equations used to calculate complex power in the frequency domain. Circuit analysis in the frequency-domain is described in Sections 10.6 thru 10.11. Table 10.7-1 summarizes the correspondence between the time domain and the frequency domain. Also, Appendix B provides a review of complex arithmetic.


We describe a simple maneuver using batteries and a light bulb in order to help the surgeon identify the end of the metal wire to which the silicone tube is connected during lacrimal intubation.


The Development of the "Gakusei" Organization in Ehime Prefecture -A Histrical Study of Measures concerning the Private Primary SchoolKatsuo Kumita Ehime University In the development of the "Gakusei organization the increase of public primary schools was accompanied by the decrease of private schools. Just as the spread of public primary schools was not allowed to follow the line of natural growth, the decrease of private ones was one of the social phenomena brought about by the bureaucratic control. In this paper the writer will discuss the following problems from the historical point of view. 1) How the Ehime Prefectural Authorities utilized the private primary school to their own advantage for the purpose of founding primary schools and encouraging school attendance, which were the main practical aims of the "Gaksei" organizanion. 2) What the relationship of the Ehime Prefectural Autnorities to the Education Ministry was with respect to the measures concerning the private primary school. The fundamental attitude of the Government toward the control of primary schools was to maintain public primary schools and private ones without any discrimination. This attitude was based on their need to establish a centralized system of education, and it tended to check the free development of private primary schools. The Nature of the Advisory Body in the Administrative System of Education in the Meiji Era -An Analysis of the Process establishing the Council of Higher EducationHaruyoshi Hirahara Tokyo University Graduate Student It was in December, 1896 by the enactment of the Regulations of the Council of Higher Education that an advisory body was established for the first time in Japan which whould deal with the basic problems of education in general in a council system. Administrative bodies are usually mono-headed, because that will make their running expenses less, their works more effective, and their staff more responsible. However, the conference system is introduced so that the quality of the works would be improved and that more people would have a chance to participate in the activities of the nation. This is the modern and democratic principle. In this sense, the establishment of the Council of Higher Education with the conference system means a change of the former principle of educational administration into the modern, democratic one. However, the Council, when it was actually established, consisted of the bureaucrats from a narrow circle, had a much limited authority, and did not change any of the traditional autocracy of bureaucrats. It shows that under Absolutism the establishment of any body with the conference system does not necessarily mean anything democratic. In this article, I will try to investigate what social class with what purpose proposed the establishment of the Council of the above-mentioned character, with what process it was established and what role it actually played. Through these investigations I would like to clarify the nature of the advisory body under Absolutism.


Let N be a complete hyperbolic 3-manifold with finitely generated fundamental group, and let H be its convex core. We show that there is an upper bound on the radius of an embedded hyperbolic ball in H, which depends only on the topology of N. As a consequence, we deduce that limit sets of strongly convergent kleinian groups converge


The electrohydrodynamic instability to small axisymmetrical surface wave disturbances of a circular, cylindrical, electrically conducting, viscous jet, which is projected along the axis of a circular conducting cylinder, is considered for the cases when the charges or potentials remain unaltered. The discussion given is applicable for arbitrary viscosities and it is shown that points of transition from stable to unstable modes of oscillation, or vice versa, are the same as for the inviscid jet.


I became a journalist because information is power, and that leads to justice. If you do not have the facts, you cannot have rule of law. Part of what is happening today is that impunity reigns precisely because we have now made facts debatable. In the Nobel lecture, I talked about how disinformation exploded like an atom bomb in our ecosystem. Unlike Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it did not kill 140,000 people immediately, but it is having that same impact. This is the last six years we have lived through.


This datasheet on Amaranthus hybridus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Food Quality, Food Safety, Further Information.


We present a new model of quasi-one-dimensional trap with some unknown physical predictions about a second transition, including about a change in fractions of condensed coherence lengths due to the existence of a second critical temperature Tm < Tc. If this physical model is acceptable, we want to challenge experimental physicists in this regard.


This article sets disability discourse within the context of two foundational ideas. Our Western tradition has inherited these two ideas from the Christian understanding of the human condition, and they need to be taken together if we are to realize a wholesome humanism. The first is the incommensurable value of every individual human being, which, however, if taken on its own as a foundation, can lead to severe isolationism. It requires the corrective of the second; namely, the realization that humanity itself is a substantial unity. We cannot stand absolutely apart, and knowing this raises the crucial issue of our relationship to those who in certain circumstances are self-helpless.


Objective To investigate general information on subjects receiving human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)in Guiyang,their status of HIV infection and situation of depression,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of HIV.Methods The general information on 908subjects receiving VCT in Guiyang Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)in 2010-2012was collected.Their information and HIV test results were analyzed.Questionare of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)was used to investigate depression condition of 237subjects in 2012.Result Of the 908subjects,160were HIV positive.The incidence of HIV infection was 17.62,which was mainly transimitted by sex.. Most of the consultants were the young adults,and the ratio of men to women was 3.2∶1.The positive rate was higher in subjects with a lower level of education.High detection rate of HIV/AIDS was identified in the populations of injection drug users(36.84%),HIV positive spouse/regular sex partners(33.77%),MSM(26.84%).Of the 237consultants,67.51%had depression symptoms.The females and consultants with a lower level of education were more prone to depression.Conclusion VCT site is an important window for identifying HIV/AIDS cases and intervention.It is necessary to strengthen the intervention among injection drug users,MSM and HIV positive spouse/regular sex partners.We can develop Psychological counseling in VCT.


This paper introduces a novel differential modulation scheme for a two-user cooperative diversity system which does not require channel state information at either the users or the destination. The performance of fixed decode-and-forward and selection relaying protocols is evaluated in both symmetric and asymmetric interuser-channel cases. The lower bound on the performance of the decode-and-forward protocol is given, while the exact bit-error probability of the selection relaying protocol is thoroughly derived. The decode-and-forward relaying protocol achieves a performance gain when the signal-to-noise ratios in the interuser channels are symmetric and sufficiently high. The selection relaying protocol shows a larger performance gain and does not exhibit an error floor like in the case of the decode-and-forward protocol. In addition, it is robust to the asymmetric interuser channels.


This study discussed the use of posters in Physiology pedagogy. Students may be sub-divided into buzz groups say of four. Students may initiate instructions in the design of posters, e.g. the use of hypolipidermic drugs. Reflection, may contribute 35% of the final overall mark involving communication skills, and peer reflection of content and support. Physiological detail with nutritional and pharmacological associations may be graded according to a mark scheme and awarded a total of 65% of the final mark. During reflection, the poster presentation may evaluate how students explained the cause of the disease, compared particular types of treatment and analysed the most effective treatment. Students may rely upon their peers to understand articles and possibly read through articles more carefully. Marks for individual pieces of work may be awarded for content, design and clarity (e.g. 70% of the marks). Marks may be awarded for posters discussing the action of hypolipidermic drugs, illustrations of the transport of cholesterol between the liver, gut and extra-hepatic tissues, lifestyle and health, associations of cholesterol, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and the action of named hypolipidermic drugs. Each member in small group work may participate in the use of posters. In poster deign, if students work cooperatively, they may engage in an exceptionally good discussion of inherent principles with a simple, but effective focus on relevant Physiological drivers. Essays may form part of the Physiology assessment. In some cultures, individualism, as opposed to group work, is encouraged via competitive grading. Small group work was effective in helping students appreciate pharmacological-physiological inter-relationships from the cellular level. Poster assessment provided one useful way of re-enforcing knowledge of a challenging subject.


Objective\ To approach the diagnostic value of ultrasonography on membrum of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods 32 cases of RA patients preliminary proved (86 joints) were examined by high resolution ultrasound. Results Ultrasonic image of specific pathologic conditions that were put into trouble of the juxta articular soft tissue on RA were showed,such as:synovial hypertrophy,articulation effusion,bursal synovitis,around peritendineum effusion,juxta articulation soft tissue swell,arthrodial cartilage and sub facies articular bone erosion. Conclusion Ultrasound examination is useful for the diagnosis of RA membrum were injured and the selection of therapy measure. [


In this chapter, the author considers his own experiential knowledge of the new cycle's struggles as the starting point for an investigation of today's global fields of conflict and recounts a number of exemplary experiences gathered in contemporary struggles. He reflects on how these experiences can help us gain an understanding of wider conflicts, including the contemporary crisis. Self-organisation, self-entrepreneurship, self-engagement, self-rationalisation and self-optimisation are the strategic keystones of new approach. The confrontation between the strategies of subjectivation and social-revolutionary subjectivity, which plays out in all areas of society and affects the very foundations of scientificity, has not only dissolved the Cartesian framework hitherto proper to the self-conception of the bourgeois sciences; it is also forcing the left to move beyond the old dichotomies of 'theory' and 'practice'. Painful as it may be, the political economy of capital has long since moved far beyond Marxist orthodoxy and most left-wing concepts. Keywords: Cartesian framework; Marxist orthodoxy; political economy of capital; social-revolutionary subjectivity


A. Summary Note * The past two decades saw a decline in the number of poor at the global level. In Africa, however, both the absolute number and the share of poor in the total population have increased, and the prognosis is that poverty will continue to worsen in this region. Government spending, if used wisely, can play a crucial role in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty. This role is particularly important for the rural sector, as the majority of poor reside in rural areas. However, despite an increasing trend over the past two decades, public expenditure, particularly in agriculture and in rural areas, remains low in Africa compared with Asia and Latin America. For West Africa, the picture is even dimmer. For example, agriculture spending accounted for 4 percent of total government expenditures in West Africa in 1998 compared with 10 percent for Asia and 5 percent for East Africa. Government spending affects rural poverty through many channels. For example, public investment in agricultural research, rural education, and infrastructure increases farmers' income directly by increasing agricultural productivity, which in turn reduces rural poverty. Indirect impacts come from higher agricultural wages and improved nonfarm employment opportunities induced by higher agricultural productivity. In addition to their productivity impact, public investments in rural education, health, and infrastructure directly promote rural wages, nonfarm employment, and migration, thereby reducing rural poverty. For example, improved infrastructure access will help farmers set up small rural nonfarm businesses such as food processing and marketing enterprises, electronic repair shops, transportation and trade, and restaurant services. Understanding these different effects provides useful policy insights to improve the effectiveness of a government's poverty reduction strategies. In particular, this knowledge provides information on how public investment can be used to strengthen weak links between poverty reduction channels to increase efficiency in targeting public resources on poverty reduction. The literature on the impact of public investment on growth and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. Two recent studies undertaken at IFPRI estimated the productivity and poverty reduction effects of public investments in rural Uganda and Tanzania. One important finding to emerge from the case study on Uganda is that all types of public spending (namely, agricultural research, roads, education, and health) reduce poverty while increasing the country's agricultural production. For the country as a whole, government expenditure on agricultural extension and research has the highest return to labor productivity and …


Computing miniaturization and smart devices rapidly change manufacturing. Decentralization and atomisation of resources uncover novel manufacturing behaviour. Virtual representations of units, processes and resources enforce unaccustomed network principles with strategic impact and irrefutable implications on manufacturing. Eventually manufacturing in total might have to be reconsidered. Distributed manufacturing, largely engaging interacting intelligent manufacturing units and decentralized planning, may be regarded as the manufacturing future. Gradually evolving decision procedures clearly illustrate important effects of irreversible shifts of focus towards units' collaboration and interoperability.


Drip irrigation is often preferred under water limited conditions over the other irrigation methods because of its high water application efficiency on account of reduced surface evaporation and percolation losses. The major limitation of drip irrigation is its initial investment. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the cost of drip installation by altering the planting geometry besides enhancing the productivity and moisture use. Results of the two years field study conducted on sandy loam soils revealed that drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan with normal row system (60 cm ×30 cm) registered significantly higher yield of green chilli (14.08 t ha^(-1)) which was on par with 0.8 Epan two rows paired system (90-45-90 cm ×30 cm: 13.45 t ha^(-1)) and significantly lowest was noticed with 0.6 Epan four rows paired system(45-45-45-120 cm×30 cm) (5.50 t ha^(-1)). The quality parameters viz; TSS and Ascorbic acid were significantly higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan with normal row system and lowest was observed with 0.6 Epan four rows paired system. Total water used was maximum in 1.0 Epan (691.7 mm) followed by 0.8 Epan irrigation (590.2 mm) and the lowest was recorded in 0.6 Epan irrigation (488.8 mm). There was a saving of water by 14.68 percent and 29.34 percent under 0.8 and 0.6 Epan drip irrigation schedules respectively over 1.0 Epan. Indications of less leaf eater potential in 1.0 Epan drip irrigation (-0.58 to-0.67 MPa) followed by 0.8 Epan (-0.61 to-0.68 MPa) and more negative leaf water potential in 0.6 Epan (-0.71 to-0.88 MPa) in relation to water applied were observed. Water use efficiency recorded was maximum in 0.6 Epan normal row systems (24.1 Kg and the least was recorded in 0.6 Epan four rows paired system (11.3 Kg ha-mm^(-1)). The significantly higher root growth characters such as root length (42.6 cm), number of primary roots (28.7), root dry weight (11.05 g plant^(-1)) and maximum depth of penetration were recorded with 0.6 Epan four rows paired system and the least was observed with 1.0 Epan with normal row system. This indicating root proliferation under stress conditions and marked performance in terms of yield under water limited environments. Significantly higher Benefit: Cost ratio was recorded with 0.8 Epan two rows paired system (2.24:1) and was on par with 1.0 Epan two rows paired system (2.00:1) and 1.0 Epan normal row system (1.85:1). The significantly lowest B: C ratio was noticed with 0.6 Epan four rows paired system.


The extracorporeal removal of carbon dioxide is an effective technique used to treat patients with acute and severe hypercapnia. The technique has recently been modified from an arterial-venous into a veno-venous one. This modification, which is significant, ensures a safer and easier application of the technique. Furthermore, the flow of blood through the veno-venous system is regulated by roller pumps, making the extracorporeal removal of carbon dioxide possible in haemodynamically unstable patients for the first time. The improved technique can be used together with invasive mechanical ventilation to treat very severe hypercapnia, or for facilitating protective ventilation. In addition, extracorporeal CO2 removal can be used as an alternative to mechanical ventilation; for example, in patients suffering an exacerbation of COPD. The expansion of indications and the simplified technique make extracorporeal CO2 removal better and more broadly applicable. This results in new therapeutic options for patients with hypercapnia.


Preface Introduction Part One Chapter 1: Disenchanted Aristotelian Naturalism A: Hegel's Aristotelian Turn 1: Animal Life 2: The Inwardness of Animal Life B: From Animal Subjectivity to Human Subjectivity C: Animal Life and the Will Chapter 2: Self-Consciousness in the Natural World A: Animal and Human Awareness B: Consciousness of the World C. Self-Consciousness 1: Being at Odds with Oneself in Desire 2: The Attempt at Being at One with Oneself as Mastery Over Others 3. Masters, Slaves and Freedom 4: The Truth of Mastery and Servitude 5: Objectivity, Intuition and Representation Part Two Chapter 3: The Self-Sufficient Good A: Actualized Agency: The Sublation of Happiness B: The Actually Free Will C: The Impossibility of Autonomy and the "Idea" of Freedom D. Being at One with Oneself as a Self-Sufficient Final End Chapter 4: Inner Lives and Public Orientation A. Failure in Forms of Life B. The Phenomenology of a Form of Life C. Greek Tensions, Greek Harmony D: Empire and the Inner Life Chapter Five: Public reasons, Private Reasons A. Enlightenment and Individualism B: Morality and Private Reasons C. Ethical Life and Public Reasons Chapter Six: The Inhabitable Alienation of Modern Life A: Alienation as Uninhabitability 1: Diderot's Dilemma 2: Civil Society and the Balance of Interests 3: Making the Sale and Getting at the Truth B: Power: the Limits of Morality in Politics 1. Bureaucratic Democracy? 2: The Nation State? Chapter Seven: Conclusion: Hegel as a Post-Hegelian A. Self-Comprehension 1: Hegelian Amphibians 2: Second Nature and Wholeness B: Final Ends?


ABSTRACT Applications of sedimentary petrography to the Oil Industry are reviewed critically; the methods of approach and techniques of investigation at present in use lead to an unbalanced appraisal of the petrology and petrography of sediments; suggestions are put forward for improvement by organized research and emphasis laid on petrography until sufficient observational data accumulate to lead to a fundamental philosophic background for the petrology of sediments.


In order to be able to use the numerical analysis method to study the physical and mechanical properties of permeable concrete,based on monte carlo method random distribution principle,using APDL language combined with finite element software established porosity were 5%,7. 5%,10% and 5% respectively the four groups of permeable concrete block 3D structure model,random pore distribution,calculation and analysis each block stress distribution under different load. The results show that the established 3D model of pore distribution close to the real permeable concrete structure; the strength of the force analysis shows that the strength of the permeable concrete is decreased with the increase of porosity; profile cloud images show that the greater the block internal stress concentration phenomenon is more obvious under the big porosity. In addition,under the same displacement load,the first maximum stress appear near the inner pore of high porosity block,and then destruction and can't bear the load,the compressive strength is low.


Elastic r -P sea ttering below 500 MeV has been studied on the basis of the modified one particle-exchange model, in which the sand u-channel contributions (N940 , Ll 1238,N(520) and the t-channel ones (;r, r;, c600) were taken into accountY The P 11 -resonance (N{~70) and spin-2 meson like f 0 had been neglected, so that the data below Ll-resonance energy mainly were employed to fix the parameters. The purpose of this short note is to show some results of the extended analysis, in which N 11 and f 0 are included and the data above Ll-resonance energy are also added. Furthermore we must reexamine the c600 -contribution, since recent analyses of experiments show that the "down solution" of the S-wave 7r-7r phase shift is favorable and no meson exists at such low mass region. 2l The phase shifts, however, are large (50"-'180 degree) in the mass region 400"-' 1000 MeV showing strong Swave rr-rr interaction. Such an interaction is expected to contribute to yp....o,yp considerably. We approximate the 7r-7r contribution with a meson of which mass (width) is 800 (650) MeV (c 800). The coupling constants are determined by the same model as c600 Y We found gNN,g,rrf4rr= :1:6.0 X 103 • We use the same notations as those of Ref. 1). The interactions with respect to N" and f 0 are taken as + (1/m)fNN"rijlN"IJ,a}JfFI,v + (2/m) gNN/Jfr /J.fJ/ff(/) 1,v


Thank you very much for downloading miraculous stories from the japanese buddhist tradition the nihon ryoiki of the monk kyokai. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this miraculous stories from the japanese buddhist tradition the nihon ryoiki of the monk kyokai, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


Problems of application of civil law norms and civil law theory for the protection of property rights by means of replevin are considered. The legal practice on the subject is researched. The author takes the position that the courts need to change the practice for certain conditions of imposing replevin.


The V-TiO2(V-doped TiO2)/cellulose acetate nanofibers with the diameter of(200 ± 53) nm were fabricated via an electrospinning technique using vanadium chloride and titanium tetra-isopropoxide as precursors,cellulose acetates as a fiber template,and N,N-dimethylformamide/ acetone(volume ratio is 1:2) as a co-solvent.The V-TiO2/cellulose acetate nanofibers were transformed into V-TiO2/cellulose nanofibers after treated with 0.1 mol/L NaOH/ethanol solution.The V-TiO2 nanofibers were obtained via calcination of V-TiO2/ cellulose nanofibers at 500 ℃ for 5h.The structure and morphology of nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,respectively.The photocatalytic activity of nanofibers toward the decomposition of rhodamine B was investigated.The results show that the light absorption efficiency is enhanced,and the photorespones are broadened by doping V according to the wavenumber at peak absorption.The degradation rate for the decomposition of rhodamine B by V-TiO2and TiO2nanofibers for 20 min is 67% and 77%,respectively


Background: Securing the cystic duct and artery is the most important step in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several techniques are followed for the same, such as clips, intra or extra corporeal ligation, harmonic scalpel, LigaSure etc. Intracorporeal ligation has the advantage of using standard knotting method, without the need for extracorporeal knot creation, pushing device, accessing appropriate tension without the risk of cutting through the tissue and the ability to secure knot in difficult locations. Single ligation of cystic artery and duct (SLAD), as No clip laparoscopic cholecystectomy (NCLC) is time saving, as both the duct and artery are secured in a single ligature. Methods: Since September 2018 to February 2019, we used intracorporeal single ligation of cystic artery and duct in 40 patients with symptomatic Gall bladder stones undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Patients were discharged on 1st or 2nd postoperative day and followed up in our outpatient department on 5th or 6th postoperative day. The 2nd outpatient visit was 8-10 days later for suture removal and to review histopathology report. Results: We performed SLAD in 40 patients with symptomatic Gall bladder stones. Patients were in the age group of 17-60 yrs. Average age was 45yrs. There was a slight Female predominance with 24 out of 40 (60%). We were able to tie the cystic duct and artery in single ligature. We had no bleeding complications. The mean time taken for ligation was 3.5min.. Conclusions: Single ligation of cystic artery and duct is feasible and safe alternative method to secure cystic artery and duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Although it can be used routinely, it gives an added advantage over clips in cases with thick oedematous cystic artery and duct complex. There is no increase in operating time as only one ligature is used.


Blended cements have great potential to reduce the CO2 footprint due to cement production. C(alcium)–S(ilicate)–H(ydrate) in these novel materials is known to incorporate a considerable amount of Al. We have for the first time applied large-scale first principles calculations to address the mechanism of Al incorporation into low C/S ratio C–S–H. In agreement with state-of-the-art NMR information, our calculations show that Al substitutes Si in bridging tetrahedra only, and that substitutions in pairing tetrahedra are strongly disfavoured in a wide range of conditions. In broad terms, the energy penalty for having an Al atom in a pairing position is of about 20 kcal mol−1. Al in bridging tetrahedra is therefore the thermodynamically favoured state, rather than merely a kinetically trapped one in a solid–liquid equilibrium known experimentally to take a very long time to reach. A systematic investigation of Al–Al and defect–Al correlations shows that having two Al atoms as next-neighbours is particularly unfavourable, which gives clues on the limit of Al incorporation into C–S–H. All in all, the current work supports the model and methodology employed to pursue further studies in such materials (e.g., higher C/S ratio systems), in the context of what is still the open question of the structure of C–S–H.


Vacuum brazing of 316L stainless steel with BNi7 Ni-based filler metal was carried out.The influences of brazing clearance and holding time on microstructure,element distribution and microhardness of the joint seam were studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness test.The results show that the joint seam was comprised of Ni-Fe based solid solution and intermetallic compounds.The content of intermetallic compounds decreased with the increase of brazing clearance,and decreased with the prolongment of brazing holding time.When the brazing clearance and holding time were 40 μm and 60 min respectively,the content of intermetallic compounds was the least and the hardness distribution was more uniform.


Objective To study the effect of foot motor imagery on lower extremity motor function in hemiplegics after stroke.Methods 72 hemiplegics were randomly divided into two groups: the experiment group and the control group.Normal rehabilitation was performed in the both groups and motor imagery was added in the experiment group.They were assessed with lower extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) and gait analysis.Results The scores of FMA in knee,ankle and lower extremity,gait frequency and speed improved in experiment group more than in controls(P0.05).Conclusion Foot motor imagery can improve lower extremity motor function.


Residency is an important predictor of success in contests with ownership asymmetries. Residency often can interact with a winning experience. However, given that some residents lose a contest even when showing an ownership advantage and that the process leading to loss often determines the loser's subsequent success, prior ownership might also interact with a loss. Here, we staged experimental contests between males of the hermit crab Pagurus minutus with a similar‐sized weapon (i.e., cheliped) to examine this possibility. Male–male contests in this species occur between a solitary intruder and an owner guarding a mature female. We evaluated (a) whether resource ownership and female value affect the contest outcome and (b) whether the probability of winning after losing differs depending on the initial role of the loser (i.e., owner or intruder) by using precopulatory guarding pairs of P. minutus collected from the field. In the first fighting trial, we found an ownership advantage and increasing owner success as the body size of his partner increased. Although some owners lost the fight, in contrast to our prediction, the frequency of losing in the second fighting trial did not differ between prior owners and prior intruders. Because losers from the first fighting trial of male–male contests have no female regardless of their initial role, this shared solitary status might be related to the lack of difference in success in the second fighting trial. Moreover, unlike in other animals, resident status might not always assure greater fighting ability in P. minutus males because guarding Pagurus males can avoid male–male contests by climbing up objects in the field. Losers in the first trial, therefore, may have been weaker contestants based on traits other than size, regardless of whether they were owners or intruders.


This paper proposes a new structural approach of features extraction for isolated Arabic characters based on the «Hough Transform». The new approach consists first in detecting loops and points in the structure of the entered Arabic character, and classifying it accordingly. Then the «Hough Transform» is used to detect the longest lines in the character structure, in different directions, and according to a well-chosen threshold. Afterwards, we have made improvements to this method, by introducing another threshold to consider also the shortest lines in the character structure. A recognition rate of 99% has been achieved for the recognition of Arabic characters written with fonts that have already been learned in the learning phase, and a remarkable rate for characters written with other fonts than those used in the learning phase.


Preliminary analyses of total crown area and dentine exposure surfaces in a sample ofhominid teeth seem to indicate that a significant correlation between tooth size and occlusal abrasion occurs, most probably related to dental occlusal function rather than to normal food mastication. Dental microwear on the buccal surfaces of teeth might be determined by food stuffs abrasiveness whereas occlusal gross wear could be more dependent on either cultural practices with teeth or food processing. The effect of occlusal function of teeth on diet determination and ecological interpretation of hominid behaviour is dealt with, considering that habitat occupation and diet might affect differently and distinctly tooth wear rate patterns.


Studying the effects of dark energy and modified gravity on cosmological scales has led to a great number of physical models being developed. The effective field theory (EFT) of cosmic acceleration allows an efficient exploration of this large model space, usually carried out on a phenomenological basis. However, constraints on such parametrized EFT coefficients cannot be trivially connected to fundamental covariant theories. In this paper we reconstruct the class of covariant Horndeski scalar-tensor theories that reproduce the same background dynamics and linear perturbations as a given EFT action. One can use this reconstruction to interpret constraints on parametrized EFT coefficients in terms of viable covariant Horndeski theories. We demonstrate this method with a number of well-known models and discuss a range of future applications.


Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of tamoxifen on traumatic brain injury in rats and potential mechanisms. Methods: The modified Feeney freefall method was used to establish a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly dividedinto four groups: sham surgery group, traumatic brain injury group, traumatic brain injury + solvent treatment group, and traumatic brain injury + tamoxifen treatment group. The experiment included two parts. During the first part, drugs were provided via intraperitoneal injection at 1 and 8 hours after traumatic brain injury, a histopathological examination of the brain tissue was performed at 24 hours after traumatic brain injury in rats, and the relevant mechanisms were explored. During the second part of the experiment, tamoxifen was provided at 1, 8, 24 and 72 hours after injury, and neurological function was assessed after the rats survived for seven days. Results: Tamoxifen treatment significantly inhibited nuclear transfer of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 in the brain tissue surrounding the traumatic brain injury site (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1) β and cleaved-caspas-3 (P < 0.05). In addition, tamoxifen significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury, the extent of neuronal damage, and neurological defects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tamoxifen exerts a neuroprotective effect on traumatic brain injury, which may be related to inhibiting the NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response.


1 Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia 2 Graduated Program of Biology Department Faculty of Mathematics and Science Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia Corresponding author. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Multiple intelligences is one of the theories of intelligences got a lot of recognition lately. This theory was created by Howard Gardner, a psychologist from Harvard. At first Gardner found seven types of intelligence but then develop it into eight, and discuss the possibility of intelligence ninth. This multiple intelligence has a correlation with learning attitudes of students. Especially in science subjects. Science is a subject that trains many students' intelligence so that it finally shapes the learning attitude of the students themselves. This is a descriptive research of correlation that aims to reveal how the correlation between multiple intelligences and the science learning attitude of students. This research was conducted on January in grade VII SMPN 33 Padang lessons year 2018/2019. The sample consisted of 32 students in one class, VII 4. Sampling technique is simple random sampling, by drawing one class which was made of a sample. The results of the study indicate anot correlation between multiple intelligences and the science learning attitude of students with a value of r = 0,28, the coefficient of the t-count was 1,70 smaller than the t-table of 2,04, so it can be concluded that there is not significant correlation between multiple intelligences and the science learning attitude of students but there are some intelligences that have a relationship with the value of learning attitude science of students in class VII 4 of SMPN 33 Padang.


CuSO4 concn R : FRz (%) NB1 NB2 BB 0 1.1 1.2 1.1 4 2.8 3.4 3.3 6 4.0 5.0 5.2 10 4.7 6.3 6.7 15 3.5 5.6 6.0 20 1.7 2.7 3.0 Plant growth depends on radiation as source of energy for photosynthesis, the p cess that transforms radiation energy i chemical energy. In addition to photosynth sis, plant growth and development depends radiation through its effects on photomorph genesis, i.e., processes that control growth differentiation by photon flux in specific re gions of the spectrum, independent of pho synthesis. Photon flux required for photosy thesis is much greater than that required photomorphogenesis and is mainly absorb by chlorophyllous pigments. In photomo phogenesis, photon flux in specific regions the spectrum is perceived by biological pho receptors present in small quantities. Up absorption of photons in specific waveleng of the spectrum, these photoreceptors ind signals that can lead to a specific plant sponse. There are at least three photoreceptor s tems present in higher plants. Two light-a sorbing photoreceptors [ultraviolet blue (UV B) and blue (B)] detect wavelengths only the 370to 500-nm range of the spectru Phytochrome, the widely studied photorece tor system in higher plants, is capable of tecting wavelengths from 300 to 800 nm w maximum sensitivity in red (R) (600–700 nm and far-red (FR) (700–800 nm) waveleng of the spectrum. Phytochrome has at least reversible light-absorbing forms; the red-a sorbing phytochrome (P r) absorbs R light maximally and upon absorption is transform into the far-red-absorbing phytochrom (Pfr) which absorbs FR light maximally and transformed into the P r form. Of the two forms, the Pfr form is assumed to be the active fo that controls signal transduction and pla response. Interest in photomorphogenic respons has increased in recent years due to the creased use of electric light sources with variety of spectral qualities. Photon ratios b tween the R and FR region of the spectrum : FR ratio) and in vitro estimates of phyt chrome photoequilibrium [ø = amount of ph tochrome in the P fr form relative to total phytochrome (Pfr : Ptot)], based on photochemica properties of purified phytochrome and spe tral photon flux distribution of light source have been commonly used in discussing relationship between light environment a phytochrome-mediated photomorphogen


A study of the theme of the Amazons in manuscripts and early prints of the 15th century. The writer considers Benedictine monk Sigismund Meisterlin's novel reference to the Amazons in his 1456 manuscript Augsburger Chronik—the first example of humanistic history writing in Germany—and the images of fighting Amazons used in it, which are not found in earlier illustrated manuscripts of German provenance. She then highlights the general ambivalence of the Amazon theme and the broad spectrum of interpretations illustrated by its pictorial representations in 15th-century manuscripts. She examines this iconography, arguing that the often neglected illustrations of German manuscripts of this period can substantially contribute to the contemporary reception of the texts.


With the fast development of information technology and .com economy, modulization has become one of the hottest topics of economists and management experts. What's more, there is the very possibility of the complete change coming with modulization in the current industries, enterprises structures, and economic system. Proceeding with the relationship between division of labor and modulization, this article expounded the connection between the structure of division of labor and that of modulization, basing on the systematic comparison of the difference existing between division of labor and modulization. Exploring in the angle of the alternation of dominating resources, this article also exposed the tracks and features of economic system structure evolvement.


This paper introduces three modes of capital operation in media industry,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each mode.Approaches of capital operation in media industry at present stages have been discussed,too.


The design of global fixed-time observer for a category of lower-triangular nonlinear systems is reported in this brief. Under a wild condition that admits the Hölder continuous conditions as a special case, a constructive algorithm of global fixed-time observer design is proposed by virtue of non-recursive combining bi-limit homogeneous technique. Rigorous stability analysis as well as robustness with respect to exogenous disturbances is provided to show the proposed observer ensuring global fixed-time convergent performance of the estimation error dynamics. Simulation results of an example of MEMS mirror with the nonlinear viscous damping dissipative load are given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The Akchar Erg of the Sahara of western Mauritania shows a morphology and stratigraphy that can be recognized as the amalgamation of late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits that reflect eustatic and climatic events. Mapping, trenching, and dating by 14C methods and artefacts show that the prominent complex linear dunes (draas) of the Akchar Erg are actually composite features showing at least three constructional and two destructional phases. The constructional phases are represented by three convex-up layers: (i) a modern veneer moulded into superimposed crescentic dunes, which partially mantle the larger linear bedforms; (ii) a middle, partly root-turbated sand deposited sometime during the last 4000 years; and (iii) a core of linear dune sand formed during the last glacial period (13 000–20 000 yr BP), which today shows relict relief, intense root-turbation, and pedogenesis. These constructional phases are separated by super bounding surfaces that coincide with erg destructional phases. Surface 2 bounds the middle aeolian sand, and is marked by a lag surface of small granules. Surface 1 is a very prominent surface with an abundance of Neolithic artefacts, and represents stabilization of the linear dunes during the humid, interglacial period (4000–11 000 yr BP). Interdraa deposits originated during the interglacial period, and consist of continental lacustrine limestones and sandstones, humic sands deposited in marshes, and sabkhas on the coast. The sabkhas originated during interglacial highstand of sea-level when interdraa areas were marine embayments, and subsequently dried during regression. The draa and interdraa sequences, therefore, in spite of being adjacent facies, actually represent different events and were not formed simultaneously. The upwind sand-sheet margin of the Akchar Erg shows exposures of the middle and core aeolian sands (which were previously protected from deflation by vegetation) being progressively cannibilized in the current phase of erg construction, and revealing a crystalline basement rock. In this proximal area, conditions are not favourable for the incorporation of these aeolian accumulations into the stratigraphic record.


Dietary supplements are recommended for pregnant women who cannot meet the daily dose through food intake, or who are at higher risk of deficiencies because of a substance abuse (e.g. smoking). Today, the preventive effect of folic acid (FoA) in the periconceptional period is evidence based, and there are studies about the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the association between FoA and n-3 FAs supplementation and health behavior - diet, physical activity, smoking - of pregnant women.

 The cross-sectional study was conducted among women having their babies at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (N = 1548). Data collection was based on self-administered questionnaire and health documentation. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with IBM SPSS 26.0; the results are expressed in odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

 Mean age of women was 31 years, most of them had university degree, nearly 90% of them lived in partnership. The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was 6.5%, 39.8% did not consume fruits/vegetables daily, 58.5% ate fish less than weekly, 47.9% were physically inactive; 67.6% took FoA, and 30.6% n-3 FAs. FoA and n-3 FAs taking were more likely among those who ate fruits and vegetables every day (OR/CI: 1.30/1.01-1.66; 1.47/1.15-1.89) and among non-smokers (OR/CI: 1.73/1.06-2.83; 4.80/1.69-13.61), while FoA consumption associated with physical activity (OR/CI: 1.37/1.07-1.74) and n-3 FAs with fish consumption (OR/CI: 1.35/1.06-1.72).

 Our results showed that a high proportion of pregnant women did not follow a healthy lifestyle, and the unhealthy behavior was significantly associated with the less frequent use of dietary supplementation. The results call the attention for the importance of counseling on healthy lifestyle and appropriate supplement use before and during pregnancy.

 Use of dietary supplementation is higher among pregnant women following a healthy way of lifestyle. The results reinforce the importance of lifestyle counseling during pregnant care.


The climatic variability severely affects the environment, water availability, agriculture, food security, etc. particularly in the developing countries like India.In India rainfed agriculture covered about 68 per cent of the total cultivated area and more than 40 per cent of human and 60 per cent of livestock population (Sharma and Soni, 2006). It has been reported that there would be reduction in average runoff and water availability by 10-30 per cent during middle of this century. The frequency of rainfall showed the decreasing trend and the extreme events of rainfall showed the rising trends (Goswami et al.,2006). Patra et al. (2012) have reported the insignificant decline trend in annual and monsoon rainfall and the increasing trend in winter and summer season rainfallin Odisha state. While Attri et al. (2018) have shown non-significant increasing trend in rainfall in arid region of India.


The hot power backward spinning(HPBS) of the high strength cast aluminums (HSCA) cylinder is a complex metal forming process. To analysis the plastic deformation of HSCA cylinder in HPBS process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model of the process was built under the ABAQUS/explicit environment based on the solution of several key techniques, such as heat boundary condition treating, material properties definition, ALE adaptive meshing technology, etc., and verified by theoretical evaluation. Then simulation and analysis of HPBS of the process were carried out. The results show that the strain gradient which leads to the serious inhomogeneous deformation is produced in the thickness direction of the workpiece during the process.


calculator when appropriate, and what working should be shown in an answer. At the end of each chapter, there is an exercise with plenty of questions for practice. The answers at the back of the book are detailed, giving an outline solution rather than just a numerical answer. The content of the book is quite good, containing most of the topics needed for most syllabuses. However, there is nothing on data collection, non-parametric tests or the Mest. One small point, that I was not happy about, is that in the descriptive statistics chapter, there is no mention of when to use n 1 rather than n in standard deviation. Apart from this, the standard of explanation in the book is very high, and working through this book would be an excellent preparation for a statistics examination. HILARY MASON


Abstract : The health and well-being of military families is a key part of sustaining the health and readiness of our military forces. The Forum on Health and National Security, sponsored by the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, addressed interventions to mitigate the effects of stressors confronted by military families and strategies to enhance the resilience and well-being of these families, as wartime transitions to peace, garrison, and small group deployments. Participants represented military and civilian leaders, and health care and family services educators, researchers, planners, and providers. The goal of the Forum was to share knowledge across disciplinary boundaries, and to develop new perspectives and vantage points, in order to better understand the needs of military families. Participants considered the challenges as well as potential solutions at different levels, from the individual to the family to the larger systems in which soldiers and families are embedded, including both military and civilian communities. In the coming years, additional transitions, and new challenges, will confront military families. Fewer resources will be available to mitigate the effects of the challenges, requiring even greater consideration of cost-effective solutions. To facilitate difficult decisions by leadership in a challenging transitional time, the group developed a set of recommendations addressing: (1) leadership; (2) training and education; (3) programs and interventions; and (4) research.


The common pharmacologic strategies used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) include suppression of gastric acid with histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and stimulation of gastrointestinal motility with dopamine receptor antagonists or motilin receptor agonists. These medications are primarily metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Although frequently used, none of these drugs has strong evidence for efficacy in decreasing the complications of reflux in preterm infants or term neonates. In addition, a few well-conducted, masked, randomized studies that have accounted for maturational changes in their design have raised concerns about the safety of these medications in infants.


ABSTRACT— Glass samples from three x Bi2O3y SiO2 (100-x-y) B2O3, (Where x = 50 and y = 5, 10, 20) and xBi2O3-ySiO2-zAl2O3(100-x-y-z) B2O3 (Where x=50, y= 0,5 and 30, z=2,4,6,8) were prepared by melt quenching technique. SiO2, Al2O3 substituted bismuth borate (Bi2O3-SiO2-B2O3, Bi2O3-Al2O3-B2O3, Bi2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3) glasses were prepared with varying concentrations of SiO2 and Al2O3.the characterization of these glasses was carried out using density measurements. The absorption edge, Urbach energy and transition temperature has been calculated from the optical and thermal analysis respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the glass has BO4, BO3 units as the local structure. The molar volume of glasses has also been calculated from density measurements following Archimedes method, which clearly shows decrease in molar volume of bismuthborosilicate and increase in boroaluminosilicate glasses. DSC and density measurements supports the conclusions drawn from these studies.


Structural and biochemical studies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants with the enhanced infectivity have attracted significant attention and offered several mechanisms to explain the experimental data. In this study, we used an integrative computational approach to examine molecular mechanisms underlying functional effects of the D614G mutation by exploring atomistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins as allosteric regulatory machines. We combined atomistic simulations, deep mutational scanning and sensitivity mapping together with the network-based community analysis to examine structures of the native and mutant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in different functional states. Conformational dynamics and analysis of collective motions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins demonstrated that the D614 position anchors a key regulatory cluster that dictates functional transitions between open and closed states. Using mutational scanning and sensitivity analysis of the spike residues, we identified the evolution of stability hotspots in the SARS-CoV-2 spike structures of the mutant trimers. The results offer support to the reduced shedding mechanism of as a driver of the increased infectivity triggered by the D614G mutation. By employing the landscape-based network community analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, our results revealed that the D614G mutation can promote the increased number of stable communities in the open form by enhancing the stability of the inter-domain interactions. This study provides atomistic view of the interactions and stability hotspots in the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, offering a useful insight into the molecular mechanisms of the D614G mutation that can exert its functional effects through allosterically induced changes on stability of the residue interaction networks.


An anthology of African-American writing, edited by the author of "Mama" and "Disappearing Acts". The collection includes works by both established and emerging authors, including Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor, John Edgar Wideman and J.California Cooper.


Increasing the efficiency of telecommunications companies is currently very much needed to maintain the sustainability of the company, especially data transfer from each location. The problem that is often experienced is the lack of management of the amount of bandwidth needed so that there is often a shortage or excess of bandwidth allocation at each BTS site so that this problem can reduce the profits obtained by the company. From these problems, we need a system that can regulate and predict future bandwidth requirements. In this study, bandwidth requirements will be simulated using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average method, the ARIMA method using time series data from November 2019 to January 2020. After trying out several ARIMA models (1.0.0), (1.1.0), (1.0.1), (0.0.1) and (0.0.6), it was found that the ARIMA Model (0.0.6) has the best level of accuracy with an RMSE value of 419,139


The theory that describes the interaction of quarks is Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), but how quarks are bound inside a nucleon is not yet well understood. Pion photoproduction experiments reveal important information about the nucleon excited states and the dynamics of the quarks within it and thus provide a useful tool to study QCD. Detailed information about this reaction can be obtained in experiments that utilize polarized photon beams and polarized targets. Pion photoproduction in the γp→ π0p reaction has been measured in the FROST experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. In this experiment circularly polarized photons with electron-beam energies up to 3.082 GeV impinged on a transversely polarized frozen-spin target. Final-state protons were detected in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Results of the polarization observables T and F have been extracted. The data generally agree with predictions of present partial wave analyses, but also show marked differences. The data will constrain further partial wave analyses and improve the extraction of proton resonance properties.


Now a day's Heart attack is a common one which affects almost 60% of total population due to their food conditions and various environmental factors. Still now there is no separate system for the intimation of heart attack. After the occurrence of heart attack only, the patient can be monitored. Only pre possible solution for the detection of heart attack is by analyzing the number of beats per minute (BPM). So this work detects the heart attack based on the number of pulses. If the pulse rate other than the range (60–90) occurs it is considered as the indication of heart attack. Addition to this detection of heart attack, this work intimates the occurrence of heart attack to the helpline in wireless GSM module. In this work, a system to detect heart attack is designed and developed. A pulse sensor is used for sensing the heart beat signals. The microcontroller checks these signals and counts the pulses. If the pulses are greater or less than certain levels, the controller activates GSM module and sends an alert message to mobile numbers already coded in a microcontroller. The developed system is tested with the measurement of different male and female persons. The system performed accurate detection and intimation of messages to the different care takers of the patients. Many lives may be saved in the short duration by using this developed system.


It is shown how to augment current finite difference formulations for modeling pulse‐echo scattering in an elastic solid with simple techniques that calculate the various longitudinal and transverse wave components separately. The separation techniques are used in an investigation of the scattering from a point source on the transducer axis. The structure of the scattered waves is much clearer when the components are separated, and there is also insight into the different contributions to the echo signal itself. The techniques generalize to other situations and coordinate systems.


One- and two-dimensional algorithms for the transient simulation of semiconductor devices are presented which incorporate a solenoidal total current. The paper includes results from one-dimensional simulation of a p-n junction, including forward-to-reverse bias switching and also switching and also switch-on into high injection in an asymmetric structure. A discretization scheme for the two-dimensional formulation is described with details on handling voltage driven terminals and the associated boundary conditions.


A family of weighted two-layer finite-difference schemes is presented. Using the example of the numerical solution of model problems on the propagation of a single soliton and the interaction of two solitons, the high quality of explicit-implicit schemes of the Crank-Nichols type with the parameter σ = 0.5 and the order of approximation O(Δt2 + Δx2) isshown. Completely implicit two-layer difference schemes with the parameter σ = 1 and O (Δt+ Δx2) are characterized by absolute stability with a low solution accuracy due to a highapproximation error. The family of explicitly implicit difference schemes is absolutely unstable if the explicitness parameter σ <0.5 prevails. Analysis of the structure of the approximation error, performed using the modified equation method, confirmed the results of numerical simulation.


Scholars have applied considerable research attention to risk and uncertainty over the past four decades, but they have also extensively contested how these concepts influence entrepreneurship. Thi...


The prolific Nile Delta to the south is an active petroleum province, but exploration activity in the deep water Levantine Basin offshore Cyprus, Israel and Lebanon has been limited. However, the recent deep water subsalt gas discoveries offshore Israel, the announced 2nd licensing round offshore Cyprus in 2009 and the planned 1st licensing round offshore Lebanon has spurred a significant increase in industry interest in the area. The Levantine Basin is bound to the east by the Levantine margin, to the north by the Latakia Ridge and to the west by the Erastosthenes Seamount and is interpreted as a Mesozoic transform rift graben. Our interpretation and the Tamar discovery indicate that much of the pre-Messinian sedimentary package in the Levantine probably consists of Oligocene to Miocene successions, rather than the Early Cretaceous/Senonian successions suggested previously.


A 69-year-old man with no previous history of vascular disease was commenced on propranolol 40mg b.d. and frusemide 40mg 0.d. at home by his genera1 practitioner for a tachyarrhythmia causing intermittent central chest pain, dyspnoea and palpitations. The following day these symptoms had become more severe and, in addition, he had developed cold blue feet. This deterioration prompted his emergency admission to hospital a day later, by which time his feet had worsened and he had begun to notice parasthaesiae in his fingers. He had no relevant past medical history but was a smoker of 25 cigarettes a day. On admission he was in mild congestive cardiac failure, with an elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary basal late inspiratory crackles and a supraventricular tachycardia (160/min, regular). However blood pressure (140/90 mmHg) and urine output were well maintained and there was no evidence of hepatomegaly or oedema. He had cold, cyanosed extremities, disproportionate to his degree of heart failure, with incipient gangrene of all toes. Popliteal pulses were present but no pedal pulses were palpable. However, using Doppler ultrasound pedal pulses were later detected with an ankle-brachial pressure systolic index of just greater than 1.0. His P-blockers were withdrawn leading to a striking improvement in pedal circulation, and his heart failure was treated successfully with digoxin and diuretics. Echocardiography failed to reveal any source of emboli and there was no subsequent evidence of cold agglutinins, a vasculitic process, paraproteinaemia or diabetes mellitus. Attempts were made to minimize ultimate tissue loss by cautiously infusing dextrdn 70 in 5 per cent dextrose (500 ml/day) and performing bilateral chemical lumbar sympathectomies. Patches of dermal gangrene on the fingers (Figure I ) gradually resolved. The patient proceeded to autoamputation of all toes over the next 3 months and, after local surgical debridemenf his feet healed.


This paper raises a kind of meter data monitoring system based on the MCGS configuration software. Lower collector and watt-hour meter adopts RS485 connection,which is used to data acquisition watt-hour meter terminal,the upper data management and real-time monitoring using the MCGS software.The way of data exchange between concentrator and PC using the DDE. Through the MCGS software it can obtain accurately the watt-hour meter for online monitoring and accurate real-time curve drawing.Through DDE data thermal interaction it can be a very good synchronization of the acquisition system and monitoring. The system real-time performance is high,the operability is strong,can meet the needs of practical application.


In the present study, the phase transition of clinoptilolite, 16(Na, K)6[Al6Si30O72]. 20H2O, to barium zeolites, has been investigated in the alkaline hydrothermal conditions, at the presence of the barium bearing solutions, and the high temperature. Firstly, the primary sample collected from Aftar area, west of Semnan. Secondly, powdered and examined without purification. Clinoptilolite, as a natural zeolite, transformed to edingtonite, BaAl2Si3O10.4H2O, and harmotome, BaAl2Si6O16.6H2O, as the barium zeolites, in the influence of alkaline solutions, and the hydrothermal circumstances, arranged by the hydrothermal autoclaves. Finally, the processed products evaluated by the X-Ray graphs and SEM images.


Nivolumab (Opdivo®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), atezolizumab, and pidilizumabab are anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies. Nivolumab is licensed in advanced melanoma and second-line therapy of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. When activated, the programmed cell death (PD)-1 is implicated in the inhibition of the immune system. Anti-PD1 removes this inhibition and allows the immune system to control tumour cell progression.1-4 Immune-mediated toxicity of this treatment have been reported, either organ-specific toxicities – i.e. pneumonia, colitis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, and thyroiditis – or skin toxicities – i.e. vitiligo, photosensitivity, lichenoid eruption. Recently, cases of anti-PD1-induced psoriasis have been reported.

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Determination of the critical moment is a crucial step of the process of assessment of the buckling resistance of a metal beam with no intermediate restraints between supports. The critical moment of an ideal beam depends, among others, on support conditions and variation of the bending moment along the span of the beam. It can be found as a solution of the eigenvalue problem of differential equations of bending. This complex procedure can generally provide a formula for the calculation of the critical moment with certain coefficients varying depending on the variation of the bending moment along the span and support conditions of the beam. The formula for the critical moment and numerical values of the coefficients taking into account the type of supports and variation of the bending moment for some common cases can be found in literature.


High quality heterojunctions based on dual acceptor doped ZnO:(As,Sb) films grown on n‐type GaN templates were used for UV detector application. Photodetectors made on the obtained diodes appeared to have a high selectivity in the UV spectral range. Photocurrent measurements revealed a very narrow response window of ∼12 nm only. The difference between the dark and bright current was large and the ratio of these currents was about 103. The response time of the detectors is shorter than 1 ms.


An iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain state delay. Convergence conditions are theoretically established. Further analysis is made, which shows the relation of the delay in uncertain states and the sampling frequency with the iterative learning control convergence property. The algorithm only needs estimation bounds of state delay, so it is very simple and easy to implementation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.\;


"Double-qualification" teacher's construction is an important job in higher vocational college;meanwhile,it's the key part of showing the trait of higher vocational college,innovation and practice of students,reform of teaching and teaching effect.So department responsible for education should establish correlation system to make "double-qualification" teachers construction scientific,systematize and standardized.It should be "man-oriented",promote teachers professional developing ability and make plan of "double-qualification" to improve teacher resource structure.Teachers should improve cognition,change views and join the after-job training actively.


D emographic indices are typically constructed out of aggregated statistical data derived from different subpopulations, and that is true not only on the national level, but also on the local level. Such indices are therefore potentially misleading means, because they obscure differences between component subpopulations. Moreover, even when attempts are made to disaggregate national statistics, the units used have many of the same faults. First, they mask much internal variation, and, second, it is often assumed that the units themselves are self-contained. Frequently, the units are administrative subdivisions of the larger nation and are conceived of as places, but migration in and out of these so-called places is rarely considered a factor influencing mortality within them. The challenge of demography, then, depends on knowing the changing composition and different vital rates of subgroups within mobile populations and on uncovering the various strands of the population and weighing their differences and interdependencies. But given the general lack of detailed data for even small subpopulations, such a task is often very difficult. Some might argue that the smaller the group and the smaller the variation within it, the more meaningful is the mean. But even micro populations are not fixed and uniform; within single families, there may be considerable variation (Adams and Kasakoff 1999). Others might argue that on the level of the large nation-state, small differences become inconsequential, especially as modern communications and standards of public health may tend to create a uniform population. But such homogeneity does not exist at at any level of analysis that we have examined. The underlying social reality is so complex that the usual demographic rates have to be taken as no more than summaries of dubious convenience. In this article, we use individual-level data to present three examples of the ways in which migration affected adult life expectancy in the American North from 1740 to 1880. We found that to understand mortality changes, particularly among adults, we had to consider the accumulated lifetime experiences of the population, experiences that for many, if not the majority, took place in more than one locality and occupation. People moving spatially and socially brought their demographic histories with them. Depending on the particular disease environment and the source of the migrants, new arrivals might have either raised or lowered mean life expectancy in their new location. Such mixtures are not only difficult to sort out statistically, but they also raise questions about the demographic stability of places. There is, therefore, a fundamental tension between looking at the lives of individuals who are parts of migration streams linking spatial and occupational units and the units themselves. Are the rates in a particular spatial unit the result of the migrants who entered into it or the people born there? (We will address this question later by means of the example of cities.) The following examples help us develop the argument that migration is important in the study of mortality, especially as it affects those analyses in which it cannot be studied directly.


Aim To investigate protective effects and mechanism of pinacidil,metoprolol,glutamine,insulin on H9c2 cardiac myocytes exposed to simulated hypoxia/reoxygenation.Methods H9c2 cardiac myocytes were randomly divided into seven groups:① Control group;② Hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) group;③ Pinacidil(Pin) group;④ Metoprolol(Met) group;⑤ Glutamine(Glu) group;⑥ Insulin(Ins) group;⑦ Pinacidil+Metoprolol+Glutamine+Insulin(PMGI) group.The survival rates of cardiomyocytes were detected.The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the culture medium was measured.The mitochondria were labeled by Rhodamine123 fluorescence probe and the fluorescent intensity produced by Rh123 was measured,which reflected changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP,△Ψm).The apoptotic percentage was measured with flow cytometry.Results The combined use of pinacidil,metoprolol,glutamine,and insulin could protect the H9c2 cardiac cell membrane caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury,increase cell survival rate,decrease LDH leakage,decrease the apoptotic rate and increase the mitochondrial membrane potential.Conclusions Compared to the individual drug,the combination of the different mechanisms protects the mitochondria of cardiac myocyte,decreases the injury and enhances antiapoptotic effection of myocardial cells.


Objective To analyze the morphological features,histogenesis of solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas(SPT),and the relationship between its clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods Clinicopathological observation and immunohistochemical staining of SPT were done in 18 cases.Results Sixteen of the 18 patients with age 12-65(mean 32 years)were young females and two were adult males.Thirteen patients were followed up and none recurred after tumor resection,and other 5 patients lost follow-up.The tumors were 7 cm in average diameter,all encapsulated,and 16 cases were solid alternately with cystic but 2 cases were absolutely solid.Histologically,solid sheets and pseudopapillary showed in the all cases.A uniform population of cells was seen,the nuclei were oval or round without atypia,and rate of mitotic activity was low.Pseudopapillary structure with a fibrovascular core was remarkable.Aggregates of foamy histocytes and cholesterol clefts were often found.Immunohistochemically,the tumors were positive for β-catenin(nuclear)(13/18),α1-AT(18/18),vimentin(18/18),CD10(14/18),PR(12/18),CKpan(5/18),Syn(3/18)and CgA(4/18).Conclusions ① Both SPT and other tumors of the pancreas have shown a similar morphology.Therefore,diagnosis of SPT should exclude other tumors of the pancreas.②The abnormal nuclear expression of β-catenin may be related to the tumorigenesis of SPT.


Bandung is a metropolis in Indonesia located 10 km from the Lembang Fault. Being near a fault and having a dense population places Bandung at a high risk of suffering an earthquake. The lack of an earthquake risk assessment for the Lembang Fault is the main motivation of this study, which aims to provide information on the risk of building damage and estimated casualties in the Coblong District. This study uses earthquake scenarios with magnitudes of 6 and 7 caused by the Lembang Fault. Earthquake acceleration data on bedrock along with building vulnerability curves are used to obtain the probability of building damage. The number of victims is calculated based on the level of building damage using the event tree model from the HAZUS method. The results of the calculation show that the Lembang Fault earthquake with a magnitude of 6 could cause casualties in Coblong amounting to around 0.6% of the population, rising to as much as 1.5% for a magnitude of 7. The level of building damage is 36.6% and 55.6%, respectively.


The invention discloses a weather-proof and hydrolysis-resistant continuous glass fiber reinforced polyamide composite material, which is prepared from the following components by weight: 400-560 parts of PA66, 100-140 parts of PA6, 300-500 parts of continuous glass fiber, 6-10 parts of an antioxidant, 1-6 parts of a composite anti-hydrolysis agent, 2-5 parts of a composite light stabilizer, 4-8 parts of a lubricant, and 5-15 parts of a carbon black masterbatch. The weather-proof and hydrolysis-resistant continuous glass fiber reinforced polyamide composite material provided in the invention has excellent weatherability and good hydrolysis resistance, and at the same time has excellent rigidity and impact toughness. An injection molding piece made of the composite material has a good surface appearance. Besides, the material can be directly shaped through injection molding, the production efficiency is high, and the used piece can be recycled after smashing.


When developing a video gesture recognition system to recognise letters of the alphabet based on hidden Markov model (HMM) pattern recognition, we observed that by carefully selecting the model structure we could obtain greatly improved recognition performance. This led us to the questions: Why do some HMMs work so well for pattern recognition? Which factors affect the HMM training process? In an attempt to answer these fundamental questions of learning, we used simple triangle and square video gestures where good HMM structure can be deduced analytically from knowledge of the physical process. We then compared these analytic models to models estimated from Baum-Welch training on the video gestures. This paper shows that with appropriate constraints on model structure, Baum-Welch reestimation leads to good HMMs which are very similar to those obtained analytically. These results corroborate earlier work where we show that the LR banded HMM structure is remarkably effective in recognising video gestures when compared to fully-connected (ergodic) or LR HMM structures.


In Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds, intrusion detection systems (IDSes) increase their importance. To securely detect attacks against virtual machines (VMs), IDS offloading with VM introspection (VMI) has been proposed. In semi-trusted clouds, however, it is difficult to securely offload IDSes because there may exist insiders such as malicious system administrators. First, secure VM execution cannot coexist with IDS offloading although it has to be enabled to prevent information leakage to insiders. Second, offloaded IDSes can be easily disabled by insiders. To solve these problems, this paper proposes IDS remote offloading with remote VMI. Since IDSes can run at trusted remote hosts outside semi-trusted clouds, they cannot be disabled by insiders in clouds. Remote VMI enables IDSes at remote hosts to introspect VMs via the trusted hypervisor inside semi-trusted clouds. Secure VM execution can be bypassed by performing VMI in the hypervisor. Remote VMI preserves the integrity and confidentiality of introspected data between the hypervisor and remote hosts. The integrity of the hypervisor can be guaranteed by various existing techniques. We have developed RemoteTrans for remotely offloading legacy IDSes and confirmed that RemoteTrans could achieve surprisingly efficient execution of legacy IDSes at remote hosts.


Upgrading flexibility, agility, quality- ability and economical- ability are the general goals of manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, the present state of small and medium- sized enterprises in manufacturing industry is compared with the required environment, pre- condition and key techniques in advance manufacturing technology implementation. It is proposed that, based on practical technology, regional cooperative manufacturing is an important way to improve the synthetic competitive ability of small and medium- sized enterprises. The Principles, process and required environment of regional cooperative manufacturing as well as time sequencing control strategy is discussed. Steps of region cooperation manufacturing implementation are given with a typical case analysis.


Objectives : Recently the case of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid appliment was reported. In this study, anti-inflamation effects and anti-allergy effects were studied by stimulus of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid extracts in HaCaT cells. Methods : The atopic dermatitis were induced by TNF-...


Alexander Duff, M.B., Ch.B. Thesis?44 Post-operative respiratory complications?some observations." George Graham Macphee, M.A., M.B., Ch.B., L.D.S. Thesis?44 Dental caries, 1933." Neil McEachran Montgomery, M.B., Ch.B. Thesis?44On the evolution of paranoidal states." Archibald Ogg, M.B., Ch.B. Thesis?44 Some aspects of the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis." Thomas Paton, M.B., Ch.B. Thesis?44Therapeutic malaria in general paralysis of the insane, with a clinical survey of thirty-two cases so treated."


An automatic testing system for measuring photometric characteristics of motorcycle headlamps and signal lamps was introduced.Controlled by a computer,the system,with lamps rotating measurement method,can work efficiently.In contrast to other testing methods the proposed system is superior in fast speed and high accuracy.Moreover,the system's structure,working principle and measuring process were expounded.Finally many experiments were performed with the testing system and experimental results show that the system can meet the needs of motorcycle producing.


. The challenge of predicting soil organic carbon distribution accurately has received great attention in order to support urban green space soil management during climate change. This study compared four geostatistical methods: kriging combined with land use, ordinary kriging, inverse distance weighting and radial basis function, to predict the spatial distribution patterns of soil organic carbon content and soil organic carbon density in the Xiong'an New Area, estimate organic carbon stocks, and assess the role of land use types in the spatial prediction of soil organic carbon stocks. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content decreased with increasing soil depth, and was significantly affected by different land use types (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient values of kriging combined with land use were on average 0.229 higher than those of other methods. The root mean squared error and the mean absolute error of kriging combined with land use were on average 0.148 and 0.139 lower than those of the other methods. Kriging combined with land use has a greater advantage over other methods in predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon content, and also the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon density and the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon, the prediction results of the four interpolation methods were similar. The average soil organic carbon density was 2085 Gg (0-30 cm) and 1363 Gg (30-60 cm). In conclusion, land use type clearly influences the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in urban areas, and by using land use type as auxiliary data, we can obtain a more accurate spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and predict the total storage capacity of the soil. This study may result in significant advances in the spatial prediction of soil organic carbon for urban areas.

http://www.international-agrophysics.org/pdf-156027-85143?filename=Application of land use.pdf


SERIOUS CONFUSION SURROUNDS THE ACCIDENT AT FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER Plant with regard to the amount of permissible radiation exposure, particularly in children ("Fukushima revives the low-dose debate," D. Normile, News Focus, 20 May, p. 908; "Citizens fi nd radiation far from Fukushima," D. Normile, News & Analysis, 17 June, p. 1368). The primary reason for this confusion is the lack of scientifi c evidence (1). On 29 April, Osako Toshiso, Cabinet Advisor and a professor at University of Tokyo who specializes in radiation safety, offered a tearful resignation. He claimed that the 20-mSv limit on annual radiation exposure for elementary school playground use set by the government was too high, and recommended that it should be lowered to 1 mSv/year. The government says that these standards are based on those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (2). These may be suitable for adults, but there is insuffi cient evidence to argue that the same standards apply to children. It is now necessary to initiate a large-scale cohort study of childhood thyroid cancer in the Fukushima region. This study would register all children in the affected region; periodically and accurately measure their internal and external radiation exposure; and follow the children for more than 10 years. This would mark the most important scientifi c study that Fukushima can now offer to the people of the world. This study would augment the lessons learned from Chernobyl. Although some middle-term (~10 years) and middle-scale studies have been published on Chernobyl (3–6), most recovery projects lacked economic support (7), and the subtle health effects of low-level radiation exposure have yet to be determined. A long-term and large-scale follow-up study of the Fukushima accident can provide fi rm and reliable evidence for low-dose effects of radiation exposure on thyroid cancer in children. Given the current confusion and disorder, it would be diffi cult for Japanese researchers and the Japanese government to execute such a study singlehandedly (8). However, they should not have to organize the effort alone. The risk of childhood exposure to radiation is a real one for people living in any region of the world. It is time to organize an international joint research team supported by countries worldwide to uncover lessons to be learned from Fukushima for the sake of future humanity.


A investigation was conducted to poplar blister canker in experimental forestry farm of Wen County in Jiaozuo City in 2011,in which the influences of stand age,density and site conditions on disease occurrence were analyzed.Meanwhile,a comparative experiment was conducted to the control efficiency of carbendazim and NaHCO3 on poplar blister canker.The results showed that the average incidence of poplar blister canker in each sublot was 35.44%,and it was over 50% in sublots with serious situations.The main influencing factors for the disease in this area were stand age,agrotype and density,and their influencing degree on the disease ordered as stand ageagrotypedensity.The results of the comparative experiment indicated that NaHCO3 had a better control efficiency.


The title transformation proceeds via a hydrogen transfer reaction involving the dehydrogenation of MeOH to form formaldehyde, followed by aldol condensation with the ketone (I) and (IV).


The main object of the Conference of the Spectroscopy Group of The Institute of Physics and The Physical Society, held at the Washington Singer Laboratories, Exeter University, 2nd-3rd July 1964, was to discuss unresolved problems rather than achievements. Nevertheless, some original material was presented and this report appraises the current state of limitations imposed by instrumental parameters and sample form and present methods of determining limits of detection. The papers are available in lithographed form.