We developed a methodology integrating several forms of remotely sensed data into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) model that identifies suitable sites for riparian conifer restoration at the Cedar River Municipal Watershed in western Washington, U.S.A. The model integrates vegetative and geomorphic variables with information on the habitat preferences of anadromous fishes to identify riparian stands where conifer restoration would have the greatest biological benefit for salmon recovery. The high‐resolution raster datasets used in our analysis were capable of characterizing the biophysical attributes of riparian areas at finer spatial scales than was previously possible. This model is intended to serve as a screening tool to identify candidate sites for riparian area restoration. The assessment approach described in this study can be applied not only to model salmonid habitat at the watershed scale but also to assess landscape patterns relevant to a wide range of restoration goals. This methodological framework offers several advantages over other approaches to restoration site selection and planning. First, the fine‐scale spatial resolution of the GIS datasets (pixels ≤5 m) used in the model provides a more accurate representation of the habitat conditions than has been possible with coarser‐scale data (pixels ≥5 m). Therefore, the accuracy of site identification is greatly improved. Second, the quantitative nature of the model exercises greater objectivity than some other landscape‐scale planning approaches. This regional planning tool could be replicated in other watersheds with comparable datasets and could be applied to identify habitat restoration sites for other species or guilds of species by simply altering the model criteria to match the habitat needs of the target organisms.


This case describes the motivation, challenges, and opportunities the founder of an innovative cycling product experienced as he attempted to use crowdfunding as a platform to establish and grow his business idea. The case begins with a brief overview of how the entrepreneur came up with the idea and the journey from product concept to product launch. The decision to crowdfund the idea is explained and the challenges and opportunities in trying to navigate the crowdfunding arena are explored; from selecting a suitable crowdfunding platform to the launch and management of the final campaign. Despite the fact the campaign failed to raise the funding target, the media coverage from the crowdfunding campaign led to a number of significant business avenues, which ultimately helped launch the product onto the marketplace. The case examines these events and closes as the entrepreneur reflects on the lessons learnt from the experience and his advice going forward to anyone considering crowdfunding.


Recently (IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1876-1911, 2013), Reed published an anthology of contributions from different research groups, each developing and/or applying Monte Carlo-based radiation transport tools to simulate a variety of effects that result from energy transferred to a semiconductor material by a single particle event. The Tool suIte for rAdiation Reliability Assessment (TIARA) simulation platform and its development by STMicroelectronics and Aix-Marseille University is described in this paper as a complement to this anthology.


Student teaching, normally taken during the senior year in college, is considered to be the final step in professional preparation. This most vital course in the teacher-training program, the so-called internship which provides the crucial test for the prospective teacher, is only offered when the student is about to finish his college education. This procedure appears to be quite logical since the basic education courses -educational psychology, principles, and methods-must first be studied in order to provide the necessary background for student teaching. Unfortunately, there is little to be done if one discovers that he either dislikes or is unsuccessful at student teaching after completing four years of college. It is too late to change a career if this experience tells the tragic story of choosing the wrong occupation. It is true that to determine potential teacher failures any earlier than the senior year is exceedingly difficult. Obviously students could have received high marks in other education courses only to learn later that they are not and can not be successful at classroom teaching. Even the important practice of observing regular teachers at work is not enough to tell the student what teaching would be like for him. Offering student teaching sooner is not practical as it should normally occur after most course work is terminated.


The enormous energy use of the building sector and the requirements for indoor living quality that aim to improve occupants ' productivity and health, prioritize Smart Buildings as an emerging technology. The Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning ( HVAC ) system is considered one of the most critical and essential parts in buildings since it consumes the largest amount of energy and is responsible for humans comfort. Due to the intermittent operation of HVAC systems, faults are more likely to occur, possibly increasing eventually building ' s energy consumption and / or downgrading indoor living quality. The complexity and large scale nature of HVAC systems complicate the diagnosis of faults in a centralized framework. This paper presents a distributed intelligent fault diagnosis algorithm for detecting and isolating multiple sensor faults in large-scale HVAC systems. Modeling the HVAC system as a network of interconnected subsystems allows the design of a set of distributed sensor fault diagnosis agents capable of isolating multiple sensor faults by applying a combinatorial decision logic and diagnostic reasoning. The performance of the proposed method is investigated with respect to robustness, fault detectability and scalability. Simulations are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of multiple sensor faults applied to a 83-zone HVAC system and to evaluate the sensitivity of the method with respect to sensor noise variance.


In this paper, we report a single-chip large area (5×5 mm2) InGaN/GaN blue LED with the optical output power of 4.3 W. This device consists of 24-stages small LED-cells that are connected in series. Driven at 500 mA, the forward voltage is measured to be 87.2 V with a reverse current of 2.63×10-9 A at -120 V. The comparison of two different cooling schemes, i.e., with/without fan cooling, was made; the results suggest that the thermal convection between the heat sink and air is more critical. A simple white LED package was also tried by covering silicone gel mixed with yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor. The luminous flux and the correlated color temperature (CCT) were measured to be 1090 lm and 5082 K, when the device was driven at 500 mA. This report also demonstrated the feasibility of the application for camera flash.


Compressed Sparse Code Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (CoSCo-HSOM) is an extension of ideas existent in the gesture classification and recognition research area. Building on Hierarchical Self-Organizing systems and cognitive models introduced by neuropsychologists, we present the CoSCo-HSOM algorithm introducing novel features to the previously published sparse encoding HSOM model. During the training phase we use activity lists, i.e., ordered lists of recently activated nodes on each level, instead of activity level based encoding of short term memory. Furthermore, we present how HSOMs can be used to learn and reproduce a generalized task on the Nao humanoid robot, using only the initial posture of the robot. The effectiveness of CoSCo-HSOM is supported through a comparative analysis with the Gaussian Mixture Model approach, on the same task using the same training data.


We compute the full dimension of Konishi operator in planar N=4 SYM theory it for a wide range of couplings, from weak to strong coupling regime, and predict the subleading terms in its strong coupling asymptotics. For this purpose we solve numerically the integral form of the AdS/CFT Y-system equations for the exact energies of excited states proposed by us and A.Kozak.


Hydrogen produced from water splitting offers a green alternative to conventional energy such as fossil fuels. Herein, CuCo2S4 nanowire arrays were synthesized on a nickel foam substrate by a two-step hydrothermal approach and utilized as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. The CuCo2S4 nanowire arrays were identified as an exceptionally active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a basic solution with an extremely low overpotential of 65 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The hierarchically structured CuCo2S4 electrode was also highly active toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), achieving a high current density of 100 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of only 310 mV. Consequently, an alkaline electrolyzer constructed using CuCo2S4 nanowire arrays as both anode and cathode can realize overall water splitting with a current density of 100 mA/cm2 at a cell voltage of 1.65 V, suggesting a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overa...


Abstract We study the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a non-homogeneous nonstrictly hyperbolic system of 2 × 2 conservation laws, satisfying the Lax entropy inequality. We obtain the convergence and the consistency of the approximating sequences generated by either the fractional Lax–Friedrichs or the fractional Godunov scheme. For this purpose we use the methods of the theory of compensated compactness.


This procedure involves the isolation of orange oil from orange peel an the identification of a major component - limonene.


Exhaust gas recirculation systems are used in diesel engines to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Since excessive recirculation in the cylinders may lead to an increase in generation of particulate matter and to unstable combustion, the exhaust gas recirculation rate should be measured correctly and should be controlled precisely. Unfortunately, the harsh conditions of the exhaust gas recirculation path make it difficult to measure the exhaust gas recirculation mass flow rate directly by using the relevant sensors. Therefore, precise control of the exhaust gas recirculation system depends on accurate estimation of the exhaust gas recirculation rate. To estimate accurately the exhaust gas recirculation rate in a turbocharged diesel engine, we propose an observer based on a model reference identification scheme. A linear parameter-varying model of the intake manifold pressure was derived to serve as the observer's reference model. An update rule of the observer was designed with the model reference identification scheme. The intake and exhaust temperature models were developed through an empirical approach. Convergence of the proposed observer was proven in terms of the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed observer was implemented on a real-time embedded system and validated successfully through experiments on the engine.


Recently, we have reported the usefulness of ZnBr2/DIEA (N,N-diisopropylethylamine) combination for the in situ generation of zinc acetylide species from terminal acetylenic compounds. We applied the system to the reactions with Ntosylimines, activated quinolinium salts, and carboxylic acid chlorides. The alkynylation of epoxide via ring opening with metal acetylide is an important carbon-carbon bond forming reaction. However, this useful reaction suffers from some intrinsic limitations including low yields and regioselectivity. Recently, several new methods have been suggested in order to solve these problems. Lithium acetylide in the presence of BF3 etherate 3a or Et2AlCl, 3b,3c titanium acetylides, trimethylgallium-catalyzed lithium acetylide in the presence of LiClO4 3f all afford better yields than the classical methods. The ring opening reaction of epoxide with these reagent combinations proceeded at the least hindered position without a special substituent which control the approach of the metal acetylide by chelation with the special substituent. Recently, regioselective ring opening of epoxide with lithium alkynyl trimethylaluminium ate complex in the presence of BF3 etherate was reported. 4c In these respects, we decided to examine the feasibility of the alkynylation of epoxide with ZnBr2/DIEA system. 1


Qualitative analysis of remnant solvents in reference material of cyclotrimethyl-enetrinitramine(RDX)was identified as acetone by NMR.The content of acetone was determined by the internal reference method of NMR as 0.0258% with relative standard deviation(RSD)of 2.27%(n=12).The content was also determinbed as 0.0248% by the non-weighing method(n=12)with the RSD of 2.26% respectively.


Abstract Recent global economic changes and Hong Kong's return to mainland China after 1997 have created a demand for a new form of business education in Hong Kong secondary schools. To assure a leadership role for Hong Kong in the future world economy, Hong Kong's secondary schools must take steps to separate vocational and business education and incorporate international issues, information technology, attitude development, and ethics into the business curriculum.


Machine learning method has a broad application prospect in the power system transient stability assessment field. Still, there is a problem that it needs to use a large number of labeled samples to train the model, and time domain simulation takes a long time. Combining the semi-supervised learning method with the active learning method, a power system transient stability assessment method based on semi-supervised active learning is proposed to solve the problem. A clustering algorithm is used to select the initial samples, ensuring the initial model's performance. Semi-supervised learning makes full use of the unlabeled sample pool and accelerate overall learning process. The simulation results on IEEE 10-machine, 39-bus system show that this method requires fewer labeled samples than traditional active learning methods, further improving assessment efficiency.


In the opinion of the author, the implementation of the Directive, which will replace the currently binding Council Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave, should consist primarily in the implementation of those of its provisions which extend the existing parental leave rights of employees or introduce new rights. In essential part, this it is possible by amending certain provisions of the Labour Code Act.


The paper presents the evaluation of capacitance matrix of an artificial orbiting satellite considering a composite metallic structure of a parabolic reflector antenna with cuboid and plates. Integral equations are formed by relating the unknown charge density on the metallic conductor and are solved using the Method of Moments (MoM) in which the pulse functions are used as basis functions and the delta functions are used as testing functions. The surfaces of the conducting structure are meshed using non-uniform triangular patches. The matrix equations are solved by iterative generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm. The numerical data on the capacitance matrix and charge distribution of these structures have been presented. The capacitance of a metallic cuboid is computed to validate the approach.


The fact that the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) can represent the energy of a gear vibration signal was used for the gear damage detection. A new gear fault detection parameter called NP4 is derived from the joint timefrequency Wigner-Ville Distribution. The novelty of the NP4 parameter is in application of the previously de®ned statistical parameter called kurtosis to the WVD data and its interpretation for gear fault detection. The important distinct feature of the fault detection parameter NP4 from other fault detection parameters, such as ®gures of merit, is that it does not compare a measured gear vibration signal with the ideal one. Thus, the parameter NP4 can work for the fault detection without a long recorded vibration history of the gear. New techniques for enhancing the information content of the WVD of the gear vibration signal and the reliability of the parameter NP4 are also described. The utility of the gear fault detection parameter has been demonstrated using numerous gear vibration experiments. A correlation between the level of the gear tooth damage and the value of the gear fault detection parameter NP4 is demonstrated. The gear fault detection strategy based on the developed parameter NP4 is presented and investigated in the paper.


bjectives:Embolization of intracranial aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC) is proving to be a safe method of protecting aneurysms from rupture. Occasionally, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms present with symptoms related to the aneurysm's mass effect on either the brain parenchyma or cranial nerves. In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the response to GDC embolization in a series of 6 patients presenting with cranial nerve dysfunction due to mass effect. Patients and Methods:Aneurysms were classified by size, shape, and amount of intraluminal thrombus. Patients were classified by duration of symptoms prior to GDC treatment(range<1 month to>4 years). Clinical assessment was performed within days of the GDC procedure and at later follow-up appointments(range 5-16 months, mean 9 months). Results:In the immediate post-GDC embolization period, one of the five patients had transient worsening of third nerve palsy, which later improved to better than baseline status. Two patients who presented with third nerve deficit from a internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction aneurysm had complete recovery. One patient who presented with hemiparesis and dysarthria from a giant mid-basilar aneurysm showed improvement of these symptoms. One patient who presented with sixth cranial nerve deficit from a cavernous aneurysm showed no change at the 8-months follow-up examination. Conclusion:The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms by using GDC is suggested as an alternative therapeutic method for improving or alleviating neurological deficits produced by mass effect.


We reported muscle transfers for the reconstruction of shoulder abduction and external rotation in birth palsy. Case 1: A 5-year-old boy with left birth palsy presented co-contraction of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. His preoperative active range of motion (a-ROM) was 80 degrees in abduction and —20 degrees in external rotation. The clavicular part of the pectoralis major was transfered to the infraspinatus for external rotation. Seventeen months after surgery, abduction improved to 130 degrees and external rotation improved to 60 degrees. Case 2: A 10-year-old girl with left birth palsy presented co-contraction of abduction and adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation. Her preoperative a-ROM was 130 degrees in abduction and —30 degrees in external rotation. Transferring the teres major to the infraspinatus for the reconstruction of external ratation, and lengthening of the sternal part of the pectoralis major for release of internal rotation contracture were performed. Twenty-six months after surgery, a-ROM improved 170 degrees in abduction and 90 degrees in external rotation. Case 3: A 5-year-old girl with bilateral birth palsy presented incomplete flaccid paralysis of the shoulder and elbow joint. We performed reconstruction of the elbow flexion by the Steindler procedure when she was four years of age. Her preoperative a-ROM was 0 degrees in abduction and —20 degrees in external rotation. Reconstruction of abduction and external rotation was performed like Case 1. Ten months after surgery, a-ROM improved to 145 degrees in abduction and 60 degrees in external rotation.Muscle transfers for the reconstruction of shoulder abduction and external rotation mentioned above are efficient surgical treatments in birth palsy.


From 2 to 5 UT on 14 November 2012, the Van Allen Probes observed repeated particle flux dropouts during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm as the satellites traversed the post‐midnight to dawnside inner magnetosphere. Each flux dropout corresponded to an abrupt change in the magnetic topology, i.e., from a more dipolar configuration to a configuration with magnetic field lines stretched in the dawn‐dusk direction. Geosynchronous GOES spacecraft located in the dusk and near‐midnight sectors and the LANL constellation with wide local time coverage also observed repeated flux dropouts and stretched field lines with similar occurrence patterns to those of the Van Allen Probe events. THEMIS recorded multiple transient abrupt expansions of the evening‐side magnetopause ∼20–30 min prior to the sequential Van Allen Probes observations. Ground‐based magnetograms and all sky images demonstrate repeatable features in conjunction with the dropouts. We combine the various in situ and ground‐based measurements to define and understand the global spatiotemporal features associated with the dropouts observed by the Van Allen Probes. We discuss various proposed hypotheses for the mechanism that plausibly caused this storm‐time dropout event as well as formulate a new hypothesis that explains the combined in situ and ground‐based observations: the earthward motion of magnetic flux ropes containing lobe plasmas that form along an extended magnetotail reconnection line in the near‐Earth plasma sheet.


Charcot (1877) described some aspects of the typical deformities of the hands and feet seen in Parkinson's disease. He likened the deformity of the hands to that sometimes observed in chronic progressive rheumatism. He said that the differential diagnosis is usually made with ease, because in cases of Parkinsonism 'there is found neither the articular tumefaction and stiffness, nor the osseous deposits and cracking sounds observed in nodose rheumatism'. He describes the deformity of the toes as a 'griffe' (or claw), on account of the extension of the first and concomitant flexion of the second phalanges. Hughlings Jackson (1899) also mentions deformity of hands seen in some cases of Parkinsonism. He remarked that 'in paralysis agitans the interossei are the muscles of the hand which are preponderatingly affected and the set of the hand resembles that of tetany of children'. Cooper and Bravo (1958) show that the deformity of the hands in a case of Parkinsonism was relieved by unilateral occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery. The deformities of the hands and feet add to the difficulties of severely handicapped patients. In suitable cases most of these deformities are reversible by operation on the thalamus. The typical deformities will be described, their mode of production discussed, and it will be shown that they are reversible by stereotactic lesions of the thalamus.


T-shaped column is usually used as side column in buildings, which is one of the weak members in structural system. This paper presented a quasi-static cyclic loading experiment of six specimens of reinforced concrete (RC) T-shaped columns under compression-flexure-shear-torsion combined loadings to investigate the effect in the ratio of torsion to moment (T/M) and axial compression ratio (n) and height-thickness ratio of flange plate (Φ) on their seismic performance. Based on the test results, the failure characteristics, hysteretic curves, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and strength degradation were analyzed. The results show that the failure characteristics of RC T-shaped columns mainly depend on the ratio of torsion to moment, which can be divided into bending failure, bending-torsion failure and shear-torsion failure. With the increase of T/M ratio, the torsion ductility coefficient increased, and in a suitable range, the torsion and horizontal displacement ductility coefficient of RC T-shaped columns could be effectively improved with the increase of axial compression ratio and the decrease of height-thickness ratio of flange plate. Besides, the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens mainly depended on the bending and shear energy dissipation capacity. On the other hand, the increase of axial compression ratio and the ratio of torsion to moment could accelerate the torsional and bending stiffness degradation of RC T-shaped columns. Moreover, the degradation coefficient of torsion strength was between 0.80 and 0.98, and that of bending strength was between 0.75 and 1.00.


Abstract A latent heat effectiveness model in term of dimensionless groups ε =f (NTU, m, Crm) for energy wheel has been analytically derived. The energy wheel is divided into humidification and dehumidification sections. For each section macroscopic mass differential equations for gas and the matrix were applied. In this process local latent effectiveness (εc, εh) for the humidification and dehumidification sections of the wheel were obtained. The latent effectiveness of the wheel is then derived from local effectiveness [ε=f(εc,εh)]. The model is compared with the existing experimental investigation and manufacturer data for energy wheel. More than 90% of the experimental data within a confidence limit of 95%.


Because of the fact that Ceftriaxone sodium can be oxidized by Fe3+,and Fe3+is reduced to Fe2+,Fe2 +and K3[Fe(CN)6] generate soluble Prussian blue.A new method for determination of Ceftriaxone sodium was established by measuring the generated Prussian blue absorbance at 733 nm.The content of Ceftriaxone sodium shows a good linear relationship with absorbance in the range of 0.11 ~7.20μg·m L-1.The regression equation of calibration is A=0.2717ρ(mg·m L-1)+0.0325,and the correlation coefficient is R=0.9992 and apparent molar coefficient is e=1.8×105L·(mol·cm)-1.This method has been applied to determine the Ceftriaxone sodium powder injection in pharmaceuticals with satisfactory results.The average recovery was 100.5%.


The paper analyzes the dynamic equilibrium of the electricity market by using the principle of economics and establishes the non-autonomous linear discrete periodic mathematic models, the models describe the actions of the electricity market under the assumption that market demand is the linear function with variable coefficient of forecast price and that the market supply is the linear equation with varied coefficient of spot price. The practical stability of the electric market is discussed by using Lyapunov function and the calculus inequality. A number of critical conditions to judge the practical stability of electric market and the existing of practically asymptotically stable periodic solution of electricity market are obtained and these conclusions are explained by example. Keywords-Electric market; model of deference equation; practical stability; periodic solution; practically quasi-stable


Many promising trends in early childhood education for American Indian children have sur faced during this decade. Some of these trends are characteristic of early childhood education generally. Others relate specifically to programs for Native Americans. All seem noteworthy and represent a breakthrough for pupils who, for a variety of reasons, have fared poorly in the edu cational institutions of this nation and whose prognosis for success in school has, in the past, been dismal indeed. 'Photos: Bureau of Indian Affairs


The sinoatrial (SA) node is a thin sheet of cardiac muscle fibers composed of several hundred thousand cells, each of which is an electrical oscillator. Studies of cells isolated enzymatically from the SA node indicate that the intrinsic oscillation frequency of each cell is different. Despite these differences, a coherent oscillatory electrical wave known as the pacemaker potential is generated within the node. This wave is conducted throughout the heart, determining its rate of beating. The pace making cells in the Rabbit heart beat at a wide range of frequencies (80-330 beats per minute) in culture, but within the heart they beat at a common frequency set by the normal sinus rhythm. As a result the synchronization within the heart becomes extremely difficult with such a wide range of intrinsic frequencies. The adjustment of rhythms due to an interaction is the essence of synchronization, the term originating from the Greek words chronos meaning time and syn meaning the same, common. Upon direct translation "synchronous" means "sharing the common time", "occurring in the same time". This work attempts to explore the issues in the much desired synchronization within the heart with a valid electro physiology model of cardiac pacemaker cells in the cardiac system. For the species Rabbit, an array of sinoatrial node cells was developed and the same was simulated using Matlab software. The simulated results were validated against the prevailing experimental data. The existence of a parameter that can influence the frequency of the so generated action potential was investigated that resembled Gap Junction conductance in real electrophysiology. The intrinsic frequency of the individual cells in the formulated cell array was varied both ways and the resultant effects as observed in the synchronization of the cardiac cells were presented. The functional role of the gap junctions in effecting the much desired synchronization issues within the cardiac system was elucidated.


The AN / TPY-2 fire control radar is one of the most advanced Missile Defense Radar, jamming effect evaluation on AN / TPY-2 radar is a complicated question because of its new work system. The fundamental theory of Set Pair Analysis is analyzed in the paper and the jamming effect evaluation model based on Set Pair Analysis is build. According to the impact level of specific jamming model to AN / TPY-2, the evaluation index system is found. The evaluation experiment is carried out and the results of simulation prove the method is corrective and effective.


1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Genotyping methods 3.1. Genetic markers 3.1.1. Insertion sequences 3.1.2. Short repetitive DNA sequences 3.2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis 3.2.1. IS6110 RFLP analysis 3.2.2. PGRS RFLP analysis 3.3. PCR-based typing 3.3.1. Mixed-linker PCR 3.3.2. Spoligotyping 3.3.3. VNTR and MIRU-VNTR typing 3.4. Comparison of genotyping methods 4. Molecular epidemiological studies 4.1. Epidemiological applications of molecular techniques 4.2. Approach for systematic molecular epidemiological studies 4.3. Interpretation of molecular epidemiological studies 5. Perspectives 6. Acknowledgement 7. References


Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine whether micro-osteoperforations of cortical bone produce accelerated tooth movement during space closure in adult patients. Methods: Ten healthy adult patients, ages 18 to 37 years old requiring maxillary first premolar extractions participated in this split-mouth study. Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) were placed bilaterally for anchorage control. Micro-osteoperforations were performed unilaterally and ipsilateral maxillary canines were distalized using sliding mechanics. Canine retraction rate was measured using: (1) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and (2) Digital models taken before canine distalization at the initiation of the study (T0) and three months later (T1). Results: Mean space closure on the micro-osteoperforation side was 0.44mm less for TAD-Upper canine distal measurement, 0.30mm greater for Upper 2nd premolar mesial to Upper canine distal measurement on CBCT. Space closure on the micro-osteoperforation side was 0.14mm greater for Upper canine Cusp Tip-Upper second premolar Cusp Tip, 0.24mm less for Upper second premolar mesial to Upper canine distal measurement, 0.24mm greater for Upper lateral Midpoint-Upper canine Cusp Tip, 0.18mm greater for Upper molar mesio-palatal Cusp Tip-Upper canine Cusp Tip on digital models. Space closure on the Micro-osteoperforations side was not statistically significant for any variable (t-test p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that canine retraction is very variable on the experimental side when compared to the control side over the treatment time and the increase in the rate of tooth movement was not significantly different in the overall sample. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement in the orthodontic treatment of adult patients.


Background:  In the form of learning activities in schools, reading is one of the most essential skills that students need to master. The ability to read for students is seen as a determinant of their success in carrying out their learning activities while at school.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out how far the beginning reading ability of 4th grade elementary school students at MI Tarbiyatul Falah and the difficulties they face.
Design and methods: This study applies a descriptive qualitative method, which is a method that is carried out by visiting data sources directly, then analyzing the data obtained as it is. Researchers collected further data using interview techniques, observation and tests on these students and class teachers to find the causal factors.
Results: the researcher draws the conclusion that in students' initial reading skills, each aspect relates to and influences other aspects of reading, and this difficulty is motivated by factors that become obstacles in applying initial reading skills


Bukhrain as a famous Marxist theorist in the former Soviet Union has left us many precious spiritual heritage. It is of profound educative significance in the new situation today to further analyze the formation and main course of Bukhrain's historical materialism.


The paper proposes to improve the teaching quality of the engineering course-Analytical Chemistry,through clarifying the focus,reforming the teaching methods(the adoption of PBL,flow chart and case-based teaching method),making use of the modern means of teaching and integrating the scientific research and production practice into the teaching course.


y Formal methods are easily dismissed as heavy weight and irrelevant. People legitimately ask to see what impact formal methods have had on software development practices outside of those areas where governments or regulatory agencies have mandated their use. We argue that design automation is an opportunity for the insertion of formal methods into software development practice. In particular, we advocate the development of small, domain-speciic design languages, and the use of these languages as front-ends to program generation systems. Software Design for Reliability and Reuse (SDRR) is a method developed at the Paciic Software Research Center to support the development of generators for domain-speciic languages 1]. Our method, which utilizes a robust suite of reusable transformation tools, has been used to implement a software component generator for a message translation and validation problem domain identiied by the Air Force. Independent contractors have used our system as part of an experiment comparing our generation-based technology to an existing solution that uses a program templates based reuse technologyy16, 18]. Preliminary results show a productivity improvement factor of 2.9 over templates, which already represents a signiicant productivity improvement over ad hoc methodss12]. The formal methods community is currently in a phase of critical self-evaluation. At the recent 1994 Monterey workshop on formal methods, the emerging consensus was that there needed to be a new, more realistic vision for future research. Participants universally concurred that formal methods are critical to the emergence of software engineering as a well-organized discipline based, as are other engineering disciplines, on sound and well-tested mathematical models. To this end, future research must be focused on approaches that would have a direct positive impact on large-scale software development. Crucial to this eeort are the following goals Incorporate formal models and algorithms in computer tools designed to solve problems of practical signiicance Recognize that practical software development is largely driven by user requirements changes Authors supported in part by Air Force Materiel Command.


Effective traffic management requires the integration of different systems. Siemens has brought together COMET, Siespace, ANPR and eMerge to demonstrate the power of a total traffic information system in the UK. COMET is an urban traffic management and control (UTMC)-based traffic management system that provides a robust platform for other applications. When Siespace is integrated with COMET it supports both car park and traffic information signs. The use of Siespace in Leicester City is outlined. The use of automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) in Siemens' integrated system for monitoring, network modelling and incident detection is described. eMerge automatically generates live traffic and travel web pages for use within a traffic authority website. The use of eMerge in Southampton's ROMANSE traffic and travel website is outlined.


In this study, fillers (gravel and brick) of different surface areas were installed on both banks of two test channels so as to have the same capacity, and effects of differences in surface area and porosity of the streamside on aquatic biota and activity of the attached biofilm were investigated at downstream distance. The results showed that an increase in surface area and porosity causes change in the composition of microbial community, increasing the number of total bacteria and nitrifying bacteria and improving oxygen uptake activity. Although there was no evident difference found in the biofilm microfauna between the two test channels, a result was obtained that oxygen uptake rate by protozoa and metazoa evaluated by laboratory batch experiments quadruples farther downstream in the gravel-filled channel. Furthermore, it was clear, from the result that there observed many Physidae and Ephemeroptera that prey on deposits such as detritus precipitated in the interstices, that the amount and diversity of macrobenthos increased in the gravel-filled channel. These results suggest that surface area and porosity are extremely important factors in the detritus food chain constructed by settling and accumulation of particulate organic matter, and it is considered that controlling them can create a diverse aquatic biota.


Abstract
In this article, we make the point that managerial domination as described by pragmatic sociology is an appropriate notion to make sense of complex forms of domination in contemporary organizations. Based on Lemieux's work on 'grammars', we complement approaches of complex domination put forward by pragmatic sociologists such as Boltanski and Thevenot. We illustrate these ideas by means of an ethnographic study of the financial intermediation industry. Our analysis sketches out an alternative conceptualization of power in such environments, and by so doing, helps us delineate the features that characterize complex financial domination. We conclude by arguing that this type of domination is the result of specific contradictions inherent to the grammars of financial intermediation.


Fanniff and Letourneau concluded that neither their review of the published literature nor their own investigation supported the use of Scale 1 of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II (J-SOAP-II). I argue that empirical findings on Scale 1 are mixed and that there is more support in the literature than one might conclude from reading Fanniff and Letourneau. Their negative conclusions about Scale 1 are based on a flawed literature review as well as problematic methods in their own investigation.


The proposition set forth in this paper is that WEU, rather than in danger of being marginalized due to internal contradictions and lack of coherence, is seen by the major European members as an organization which is, again, becoming part of the established European security architecture precisely because it serves numerous, and sometimes very different, national and regional purposes. Moreover, WEU, while continuing to grow in structure and substance, is likely to remain more closely tied to the Atlantic Alliance than to the European Union for now, although that nexus, too, will develop as post Cold War security is redefined away from poles and pillars to cooperation and integration.


The acceleration processes of plasma flows in an applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster are numerically investigated with a physical model including the ion-rich sheath effect on an anode. A heat transfer model regarding the electron energy through the anode is also taken into account. An external magnetic field of 0.1 and 0.15 T is applied to argon propellant of 0.1 g/s under a constant discharge current of 1 kA. Comparing the current contour lines with and without the sheath model, it is shown that the current contour lines calculated with the sheath model tend to shift toward upstream region around the diverging anode surface due to the presence of an anode sheath. Then about 50% of the input power is lost through the anode surface, although the ion-rich sheath decelerating the electrons reduces the net anode heat loss to 15-17% of the input power. It is also shown that an increase in the strength of the applied magnetic field reduces the ratio of the anode heat loss to the input power by virtue of magnetic nozzle effect. Nomenclature A = Vector potential B = Magnetic flux density e = Elementary charge E = Electric field I = Unit Tensor j = Current density J = Discharge current Jc = Coil current k = Boltzmann constant l = Mean free path ms = Mass of species s M = Atomic weight n = Number density p = Pressure q = Heat flux 1 Research Fellow of JSPS, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Associate Professor, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Email: email@example.com 3 Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Evolution comes before survival only in dictionary. We are creatures of reason, programmed to preserve energy and maintain equilibrium. However in this era of electronics and communication it is important to not merely survive but to thrive, we must occasionally consider the role of autonomous machine at times of disaster. Having a disaster management machine will help us through early evacuation which will eliminate panic situation and reap the ultimate rewards in saving precious lives. This paper discusses NISTARA (which is a Sanskrit word meaning rescue and pronounced as Nistar), a system built to detect and handle disasters in physical environments. It is based on different sensors (water, fire, seismic) deployed at different vantage points, which send their signals to a base computer which implements fuzzy logic based detection and evacuation response. It sends camera images to output displays, and information to end user cellular phones through specially designed android app. This paper also discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing this device in premises such as schools, offices, colleges and hospitals.


Debris flows that have occurred in the area of San Martino Valle Caudina (Campania, Southern Italy) are described by geomorphological and hydrological analyses, focusing on the recent event of December 2019. This area can be considered a key example for studying debris-flow phenomena involving the pyroclastic mantle that covers the karstified bedrock along steep slopes. A hydrological analysis of the time series of the maximum annual rainfall, of durations of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, was carried out based on a new approach to assess rainstorm magnitude. It was quantified by measuring the deviation of the rainfall intensity from the normal conditions, within a specified time period. As the time series of annual maxima are typically skewed, a preliminary transformation is needed to normalize the distribution; to obtain the Z-value of the standard normal distribution, with mean µ = 0 and standard deviation σ = 1, different probability distribution functions were fitted to the actual data. A specific boxplot was used, with box width Z = ±1 and whiskers length Z = ±2. The deviations from these values provide the performance of the distribution fits. For the normalized time series, the rates shown by the trends and relative significance were investigated for the available time series of 11 rain gauges covering the Western–Central Campania region. The most critical condition for the debris-flow initiation appears to occur when a severe or extreme rainfall has a duration ≥ 12 h. The trend analysis did not detect statistically significant increases in the intensity of the rainfall of duration ≥ 6 h.


St Philip's Hospital, London WC2A 26X I. K. BARTON M. A. MANSELL Barton, LK., ManseU. M.A. & Grimes. A.J. (1987) Red-cell Mterability: correcting for the cell size effect. (Letter). British Iournal o/ Haernatology, 65, 248-249. Keidan. A.J.. Marwah. S.S. & Stuart. J. (1987) Evaluation of phosphate and HBPES buffers for study of erythrocyterheology. Clinical Hernorheology. in press. Kenny, M.W., Gyde. O.H.B. & Stuart J. ( 1984) Influence of cell size on deformabihty in treated polycythaemia Vera. Clinical Hernorheo-


Summary. A new model to describe the latitude dependence of the angular dispersion of the palaeomagnetic field (palaeosecular variation) is developed following previous models, but with crucial differences. It is shown that if the probability distribution of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) is circularly symmetric about the rotation axis then the geometry of the distribution of field directions is latitude dependent. This has a significant effect on the latitude dependence of dispersion and is accounted for in the model. The dipole and non-dipole parts of the field are not artificially separated but are intimately linked through an observationally determined relation that the time averaged intensity of the non-dipole field is dependent upon the intensity of the dipole field. It is shown that a consequence of this relation is that no knowledge of the probability distribution of the geomagnetic dipole moment is required. This is a fundamental improvement over previous models.

The model provides excellent fits to the palaeodata and, unlike previous models, is not inconsistent with the latitude variation of the non-dipole field dispersion determined from the present field. For the past 5 Ma the point estimate of the VGP dispersion due to dipole wobble is 7.2° and of the VGP dispersion at the equator due to variation in the non-dipole field is 10.6°. This estimate of the dispersion due to variation in the non-dipole field is in excellent agreement with the value predicted from an analysis of the variation in field intensities over the same period. Fits of the model to data from earlier periods indicate that dispersion due to variation in the non-dipole field is essentially independent of the geomagnetic reversal rate while dipole wobble is positively correlated with reversal rate.


Saint-Paul (2017) discussed the use of native species in the Brazilian aquaculture, arguing that the selection of species to meet the national demand is concluded. However, many species used in aquaculture are not autochthonous to the basin where they are cultivated, and then should not be considered native. Here we highlight the risks of intra-country introductions in a country with continental dimensions such as Brazil, that shelters a great variety of ecoregions and Ramsar sites. Natural barriers are biologically more relevant than geopolitical divisions, so Brazilian species should be considered as non-native if they are introduced into a basin where they do not occur naturally. Concerning this, we aim to claim the attention to the issue, demonstrating that aquaculture in Brazil still have to be improved, based on sustainable strategies such as: i) to make aquaculture more environmentally-friendly, especially by avoiding leaks and pollution (i.e. biotic and abiotic - prevent escapes and eutrophication) to natural ecosystems; ii) to regionalize production promoting the use of locally native species (native in the region, basin and/or sub-basin) exploring local markets; iii) to avoid hybrids;  iv) to improve technology in all phases of management; v) to improve  measures, both mitigating and compensatory, or penalties and liabilities in cases of leakage (e.g. polluter pays principle) and vi) a profound change in policies and laws, adopting the Precautionary Principle and considering the effects of aquaculture on biodiversity and ecosystems services,, and in particular, with regard to treaties to which it is a signatory. For example, the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, Nagoya Protocol), where Brazil and 192 other countries have established a Strategic Plan and targets to reduce biodiversity loss on a global scale - the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Besides that, the use of native species is preferred but those species should be selected taken biological and biogeographical frontiers into consideration that will not impact in the ecosystem. The current situation demands a profound behavioral shift towards novel and better practices, or aquaculture will continue to erode the aquatic biodiversity without a positive growth.


Coal ash is a major component of solid residue resulting by coal-fired thermal power plants. Trace elements like Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo and Pb in fly ash and pond ash samples collected from ten coal-fired thermal power plants in India, and crops (rice, wheat, maize grain and straw and onion bulbs) grown on coal ash treated soils at Angul, Bakreswar and Farakka sites of India have been analysed at Institute of Physics by Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence techniques. Our analysis shows that the concentrations of trace elements of grains are higher than in straws. Increasing trends in the uptake of micro-nutrients by the crops due to application of coal ash, were recorded, but within permissible limits.


White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is widely consumed by Indonesian people in daily life. It contains high nutrients, especially its protein content. Protein can be generated from meat but it is expensive and gives an economic burden to some people, particularly in this pandemic condition. The aim of this research was to improve the productivity of white oyster mushrooms using sludge biogas as biofertilizer and to provide alternative protein sources. The mushroom medium used in this research consisted of M1, M2, and M3, and each medium was made in three replications. Parameters observed were harvesting age, fresh weight, number of caps, stalk length, and diameter of caps. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the difference between means was determined by DMRT. All media with the sludge addition improved the growth and production of the mushroom. M2 medium demonstrated the best improvement in productivity. The increasing productivity in the M2 medium included fresh weight (118%), diameter of cap (22%), number of caps per cluster (225%), and stalk length (50%). In conclusion, the sludge biogas could be able to enhance the productivity of white oyster mushroom. The increasing production of this mushroom will affect the availability of alternative protein sources and support food safety in this pandemic situation.


Class D inverter is one of the high-frequency high-efficiency resonant power sources, which has been applied to DC/DC resonant converters, radio transmitters, and electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps (Kazimierczuk and Szaraniec 1993). Its high DC/AC power conversion efficiency is achieved by the zero-current switching (ZCS), which enables its operation at several hundred kilohertz. However, ZCS is not maintained when the operating frequency is shifted away from the resonant frequency, or when a phase shift is given between the two switching legs. Those may result in an increase of switching losses. Against the problem, this research presents a novel method to control the output power or voltage of Class D inverter at a fixed operating frequency with ZVS. In this work, we first propose to develop a class D inverter and its open loop model is simulated and various outputs are traced out. In the first stage, a closed loop model for Class D inverter is designed and simulated. For this closed loop model a Proportional and Integral controller is chosen as a controller. The values of Proportional and Integral controller is chosen by Zieglers Nichols tuning rule. A disturbance in terms of voltage is given at a particular instant to the inverter to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller and the output reaches the reference point after some time with the control action of PI controller. We, next, implement the simulated class D inverter as an embedded hardware and various outputs are presented. The embedded controller used for this implementation is Atmel 89C2051. The proposed work improves on the one which is recently published by Nam-Ju et al (2007). The outputs are compared with the


This article posits that the Web 2.0 environment has altered the landscape of the Internet in a way that calls into question several DMCA requirements. In particular, the DMCA-embedded concepts of direct financial benefit, interference with standard technical measures, and the legislative red flag test for identifying infringing material are significantly challenged by the new ways that intellectual property is distributed on the Internet. The general policy inherent in the DMCA is that the burden for policing the Internet for copyright infringement is primarily on the copyright owner, and that online service providers must only cooperate when necessary to eliminate copyright infringement. This Note argues that this burden may be inequitable in light of the Web 2.0 movement and that a balancing test would be more appropriate for determining when OSPs should be expected to do more than simply cooperate with copyright owners.


the Social Security Department for the Security Service in Piła, lt. col. Stanisław Zając. This document is currently stored in the archive of the Institute of National Remem-brance (pol. IPN) in Poznań.


The aim of this study was to investigate the agar content and agar gel strength from intact and squeezed thalli of Gracilaria manilaensis collected from the earthen pond at Pantai Merdeka, Kedah, Malaysia. Agar content and agar gel strength of different agar extraction processes, i.e. native extraction and NaOH (5% w/v NaOH) treated of intact and squeezed thalli at different time intervals, were evaluated. The results showed that agar yield of intact thalli was highest in native extraction (13.5%); whereas, agar yield of squeezed thalli was highest when treated with 5% w/v NaOH for 3 hrs (9.4%). For intact thalli, agar yield of alkali-treated samples were less than native extraction. For squeezed thalli, agar yield of alkali-treated samples were not much different when treated at different time intervals except for 1hr treatment which showed that agar yield of intact thalli was lower than squeezed thalli. The gel strength was very low (< 60 g) for native extraction in both intact and squeezed thalli, but higher after treated with alkali. Analysis of variance of gel strength showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between native extraction and 3 hrs alkali treatment of intact thalli, while squeezed thalli showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between native extraction and 6 hrs, 12 hrs and 24 hrs of alkali treatment. The results demonstrated that alkali treatment did not affect agar yield; instead, it affected the gel strength of extracted agar under squeezed condition.


In January 1994, Vice Admiral Bobby Ray Inman announced his withdrawal as Secretary of Defense nominee amid charges that the news media, in collusion with Senator Bob Dole, conducted a smear campaign against him. This episode prompted considerable soul-searching on the part of the news media about whether public figures are treated fairly, and whether media audiences are getting an accurate picture about the person and the issues involved. On the day of Inman's announcement, National Public Radio interviewed several public figures who were recovering from their own confrontations with the news media.(note 1) Probably the most well-known was Lani Guinier, whose comments inspired the title of this paper. Guinier, another failed Clinton administration nominee, who had been named to head the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, was firm in her assertion that the news mediaboth print and televisionactively distorted her ideas and her public image.(note 2) She likened her experience to that of Alice in Wonderland who fell into the rabbit hole and found that she did not recognize herself.(note 3) "Even my own mother couldn't recognize me in the press coverage that I received," Guinier observed.(note 4) She contended that the results of the priorities and constraints of news practices are that "the American people really are being . . . denied a robust debate about ideas and about policies that might actually improve the lives of many people."(note 5)


Introduction. The development of civilisation and rapid urban, technological and information-related changes are connected to the changes of people's lifestyle in well-developed societies. Young people are often insufficiently interested in their health and make no attempts to protect it. Finding out what students think about health is important because of the role their opinion plays as far as their health-related behaviour is concerned.


To simulate confined combustion, a new numerical method is presented. Assuming low‐Mach number flow and neglecting viscosity, radiation and heat conduction, the divergence of the velocity field is time‐dependent only. Thus, Helmholtz decomposition of the flow field yields a simpler numerical solution algorithm. This leads to Poisson's equations for the scalar and vector potential. To track the flame front, marker points are distributed along the discontinuity.


Abstract Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus comiculatus L.) cv. Maitland, was separately inoculated with eleven different strains of Rhizobium. Its performance then was compared with an uninoculated control, 'Grasslands Huia' white clover, and 'Grasslands Maku' lotus from a spring sowing (August 1975) on a low fertility soil at Ballantrae, the Grasslands Division DSIR hill country research area in the lower Ruahine range near Woodville, North Island, New Zealand. Six of the strains performed satisfactorily, with four of these producing consistently high growth rates in the host plants and the highest DM yields at 6 months (February 1976). The results clearly show that careful selection of an effective strain of Rhizobium is required for birdsfoot trefoil to realise its potential.


Critical infrastructure(CI) safety system is a complex and highly inter-dependent and networked social-technical system which,if disrupted or destroyed,would have a serious impact on the health,safety,security,or economic well-being of people and / or the effective functioning of governments.This paper is devoted to the study of the architecture of the CI safety system and problems in its management.We present the architecture of the networked CI system along with its disaster management system,in which the system is described with the notion of view,and the generic process of the disaster management.Also,it discusses how to apply the systems engineering approach to analyze and simulate the networked CI system,and how to find the underlying weak parts and efficient ways to improve them.Finally,we show the usefulness of the architecture by outlining a general procedure for disaster management which is systematic and rational.


Stimulated scattering of electromagnetic waves of circular polarization incident on a magnetized plasma from ion waves propagating parallel to the external magnetic field is studied. The relevance of the process to ionospheric modification experiments is discussed.


Abstract The concern for increasing macroeconomic stability is specific to both, small and large countries within the European Community. In that paper are presented ways in which are made links between the states of the world policies and economies development characteristics. That study has imposed a new type of characterization sustained by the national economies manifestation whose is correlated with the interaction between governmental policies and also with national and regional factors. This interaction is conditioned by specify effect of the economic, scientific, demographic, social and cultural development of each country, part of European Union. Taking into account all the imminent obstacles over the years of nations existence, is demonstrated that the European Union is supposed over and over of a new development process, being considered one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world and also one of the most competitive. However, major weaknesses arise due to the existence of significant disparities in prosperity and productivity between Member States and component regions. The complexity of the regional development policy arises at the level of the European Union, from its objective of reducing the economic and social disparities existing between the different region of Europe's that was and will be an objective that it has implications on important areas for development, such as economic growth, labor force, transport, agriculture, urban development, environmental protection, education. Registered at different levels (local, regional, national and European) - regional policy, deals with the coordination of the different sectors and with the cooperation between the decision levels and the balancing of the financial resources. The conclusion is related with the idea of a must follow regional development economies starting from national level respecting a certain dynamic. That aspect must also take into account the continuous changes determined by the restructuring of the production and the increase of the competitiveness at national and local level.


Students enrolled in an alternative school program indicated they were more satisfied with the alternative program than with a traditional high school program. School administrators should be aware of the perceptions of students toward alternative schools and the implications for traditional secondary schools.


In the sample edition of the Peshitta Old Testament issued at the end of 1966 by the Peshitta Institute of Leiden University 1), for reasons stated in the General Preface 2), the evidence from biblical quotations in Syriac patristic literature had to be left out. Biblical quotations in theological literature must always be used with great caution as due allowance has to be made for simple allusions or quotations made from memory. One of the more reliable sources in this respect is to be looked for in regular biblical commentaries 3) and it is from that quarter that I would like to collect here some evidence for the Peshitta text of Song of Songs 4) additional to that contained in the biblical MSS. For this purpose I have compared the Peshitta text 5) in one of the better known 6) Syriac commentaries on Song of


Based on the three-dimensional (3D) elasticity theory, this paper presents the mechanical properties of steel strip reinforced thermoplastic, cross-section view of such pipe plastic-steel-plastic (PSP) under internal pressure. The steel strip reinforced PSP pipe consists of four layers. Mises yield criterion is introduced to predict the damage of the pipe on layer 2. Further a 3D finite element model is established in ABAQUS to compare with the theoretical model and the result shows good agreement with each other in terms of hoop stress and axial stress, which means the proposed elastic model is feasible and can be applied and updated to study the elasto-plastic properties of steel strip reinforced PSP pipe in future research, and serve as a guide to the forthcoming experiments.


Administration of ascorbic acid (0.3% in drinking water) inhibited the promoting effect of estradiol dipropionate on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced uterine sarcomogenesis in CBA mice. However administration of sodium ascorbate intensified the promoting effect of estradiol on the uterine sarcomogenesis, as evidenced by the shortening of the periods of tumour incidence.


Probes for the measurement of the magnetic field distribution in fast pulsed discharges have been constructed. Their frequency response has been measured and agrees well with that calculated from an equivalent circuit. The probes described have an attenuation flat (to within 1%) up to 20 Mc/s. A criterion is given which states the optimum value for the impedance of the recording circuit.


A water pump for a vehicle may include a pulley provided with a through bore formed at a middle portion thereof, and a clutch compartment being formed at a rear surface along a circumference of the through bore; a brake pad; a clutch disk; a hub; a return spring; a field coil disposed in the clutch compartment of the pulley and wrapped a coil case and a cover corresponding to a rear surface of the clutch disk; and a main shaft rotatably mounted to a pump body through a pump bearing, and provided with one end portion connected to a middle portion of the hub and the other end portion connected to an impeller by interposing a sealing unit therebetween, wherein the clutch disk comprises a plurality of first ring members piled up coaxially, each first ring member has a different diameter, and first molding portions which are operated as nonmagnetic adhesives are formed between the first ring members.


The statement "a wrong boundary condition, saying that the amplitude X is zero deep inside the substrate crystal" on page 986 is incorrect. In fact, our boundary condition Eq. (2) can be obtained from Halliwel's analytical formula for a single-crystal layer' by setting X = 0 at the back side of the crystal layer and assuming the layer thickness to be infinite in her formula. Therefore, our Eq. (2) and the above boundary condition yield the same result. The above statement, however, does not affect any other contents and conclusions of our paper.


This paper provides a very brief overview of the history of graphical approaches to programming. A more detailed description is given of SoftWIRE, a recent radical graphical approach to programming, which has much potential. SoftWIRE utilizes Visual Basic (VB) in the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Microsoft Visual Studio. NET. The description of SoftWIRE provides details, advantages, and program examples. Predictions are made on the development and the future of graphical programming and also on a possible shift to using a graphical-oriented paradigm to teach programming. A sample course description and outline using SoftWIRE and a graphical approach for Computer Science I (Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming) is given in the Appendix.


The Neighbourhood Road Safety Initiative (NRSI) forms part of the Government's response to dealing with reducing inequalities in road traffic accidents. The causal links between deprivation and road traffic injury are little understood and this is currently a barrier to developing the most effective action in these neighbourhoods. In partnership with the DfT these authorities have been investigating their casualty problems and developing comprehensive strategies to deal with these throughout their deprived communities. Broad based solutions are required together with the need to work in partnership with a range of local stakeholders. The overall aims of the project are to: reduce casualty rates in disadvantaged areas at a greater rate than across the local authority as a whole; evaluate the impact of this initiative on disadvantaged communities; and understand the causal chain that has resulted in the poor road safety performance of particularly disadvantaged areas. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211985.


Disclosed is a steel strand anchor rod in bundle with a rotary jet grouting drill, which comprises a steel strand in bundle, an anchor plate and an anchor head. The steel strand in bundle is fixed with the anchor head around the anchor plate; the anchor plate is provided with a centre round hole; a rotary jet grouting drill and a drill rod are passed through the round hole; a ring shape positioning steel plate and a gliding ring are fixed at the outer wall of the drill rod; a grout pipe and a nozzle are arranged in the rotary jet grouting drill. The utility model has the advantages that the high-pressure jet grouting technique and the geological drill are combined organically; the soil and the cement slurry can be mixed into the cement soil on spot with the great pressure of the high-pressure jet grouting; the controllability of the diameter is good. As is determined through the high-pressure pump adjusting the pressure, the diameter of the anchor rod can reach 300mm to 800mm. Therefore, the anti-pulling force is strong. The utility model is suitable for various soil layers, particularly suitable for the soil layers of deep sludge, soft soil, clay, sand and saturated flow plastic clay, and the soil layer with rich groundwater source.


Abstract The concept of quantum information in a state is analysed. For a component of an entangled state, the potential measurements are claimed to define a context, against which the information is to be interpreted. Projective measurements are shown to allow the processing of information contained in the incoming quantum states. Finally the process of a quantum measurement is considered as a mapping between different parts of the system, a quantum information transfer.


Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of thisstudy was to assessed the impact of development induced displacement on the livelihood of small holder farmers. The study employed mixed methods approach with case control design. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion.By using Census survey and systematic random sampling a total of 162 cases (displaced) and 162 controls (non-displaced households) participated in the study respectivelly. The study employed a modified sustainable livelihood conceptual framework by incorporating basic elements of the frame work The finding revealed that compared to the controls, the cases have lower size of land holding, average livestock holding(1.45 ha vs1.1 ha), (1.804 vs. 2.574 for oxen; 0.936 vs. 1.56 for cows respectively). The controls average annual income is higher than the cases (31,000 vs. 23600 respectively). Greater proportion of displaced households (76.2%) than the non-displaced households (9.7%) perceived that their annual income is decreases within the five years preceding the survey. Compared to controls, large proportion of cases couldn't able to meet the basic needs of the household (55.1% vs. 23.2%).The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for displaced households.


This paper analyses the parallel opportunity of the multi-processor system,makes full use of the characteristics of Fourier Transform in digital image processing,fulfils the assembly line algorithm,parallels the FFT algorithm(dual exchange algorithm) in the multiprocessing machine,realizes the basic host,and solves the complexity when N takes great value during FFT.It succeeds in enabling the multicomputer to work in phase and use CPUs effectively.


Results of an 8-month design study by Chicago Bridge and Iron Co. for Exxon Production Research Co. indicate that a buoyant drilling-tower structure could be installed in 1350 ft of water. The tower differs from a fixed structure in that a universal joint near the ocean floor would permit the tower to tilt and oscillate when subjected to wind, current, and wave forces. The force required to prevent excessive tilting is provided by buoyancy near the water surface. If several such structures were built, they would cost about $38 to $48 million each, plus $6 to $10 million for the initial construction site.


We conducted simulations that estimated power and Type I error rates of statistical tests for detecting trends in raptor population count data collected from a single monitoring site. Results of the simulations were used to help analyze count data of bald eagles (HaIi- aeetus leucocephalus) from 7 national forests in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin during 1 980-1 989. Seven statistical tests were evaluated, including simple linear regres- sion on the log scale and linear regression with a permutation test. Using 1,000 replica- tions each, we simulated n = 1 0 and n = 50 years of count data and trends ranging from -5 to 5O/% change/year. We evaluated the tests at 3 critical levels (a = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10) for both upper- and lower-tailed tests. Exponential count data were simulated by adding sampling error with a coefficient of variation of 400/o from either a log-normal or autocorrelated log-normal distribution. Not surprisingly, tests performed with 50 years of data were much more powerful than tests with 1 O years of data. Positive autocorrelation inflated a-levels upward from their nominal levels, making the tests less conservative and more likely to reject the null hypothesis of no trend. Of the tests studied, Cox and Stuart's test and Pollard's test clearly had lower power than the others. Surprisingly, the linear re- gression t-test, Collins' linear regression permutation test, and the nonparametric Lehmann's and Mann's tests all had similar power in our simulations. Analyses of the count data suggested that bald eagles had increasing trends on at least 2 of the 7 national forests during 1 980-1 989.


The most accurate procedure for computing the intermodulation products is to find a steady-state period of the signal, and then to determine the spectrum by means of fast Fourier transform. However, this method needs a time-consuming numerical integration over many periods of the faster signal even for accelerated extrapolation methods for determining the steady state. In the paper, an efficient method for a fast estimation of the main intermodulation products is presented. The method uses higher-order Volterra series in a simple multistep algorithm, which is compatible with a typical structure of the frequency-domain part of software tools. The method is demonstrated by an illustrative example first, which clearly shows possible incorrect interpretation of the Volterra series. Afterwards, the efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by a fast estimation of the main intermodulation products of a low-voltage low-power CMOS RF four-quadrant multiplier.


To formulate estimation problem for a observed nonlinear system, differential equations are required as a system model. We recast those equations as integral equations and apply integral operator, which is approximated by Chebyshev interpolating polynomial. Resulting equations of the nonlinear estimation problem are integral equations discretized on the grid of Chebyshev points. A sequence of linear least squares problems are solved iteratively. Grid resolution can be determined automatically to maximize computation accuracy. Numerical efficiency is achieved by applying iterative method that requires only matrix-vector multiplications, and via implementation of Discrete Cosine Transform when solving indefinite integrals. The estimation algorithm works with matrices having bounded low condition number compared to large and unbounded condition number for the formulation with differential operator. This achievement has important practical value when applying the algorithm with high-order models when the differential operator formulation is typically ill-conditioned. Application to a Duffing system having chaotic response, has been used to illustrate advantages of the proposed estimation algorithm based on Chebyshev integral operator.


Abstract Although tortoises (Testudinidae) are a familiar clade of reptiles, with a body fossil record extending to at least the Eocene, hitherto no tortoise ichnosites have been described. Here, a number of sites attributed to tortoise trackmakers are identified within Pleistocene aeolianites on South Africa's Cape south coast. These date from late Marine Isotope Stage 6 to Marine Isotope Stage 4. The findings indicate large trackmakers, with evidence of a trackmaker length of more than a meter—substantially longer than the largest extant tortoises in southern Africa. This suggests either the presence of an extinct very large tortoise species, or that Pleistocene leopard tortoises in the region were larger than their descendants. Variations in substrate properties are responsible for a variety of track and trace forms. A mismatch exists between the reported ichnological evidence for large tortoises, and the regional archaeological and body fossil records, which almost exclusively comprise smaller tortoises. The findings illustrate the potential of ichnology to complement and augment the paleontological and archaeological records.


We give an analysis and generalizations of some long-established constructive completeness results in terms of categorical logic and pre-sheaf and sheaf semantics. The purpose is in no small part conceptual and organizational: from a few basic ingredients arises a more unified picture connecting constructive completeness with respect to Tarski semantics, to the extent that it is available, with various completeness theorems in terms of presheaf and sheaf semantics (and thus with Kripke and Beth semantics). From this picture are obtained both ("reverse mathematical") equivalence results and new constructive completeness theorems; in particular, the basic set-up is flexible enough to obtain strong constructive completeness results for languages of arbitrary size and languages for which equality between the elements of the signature is not decidable.


PCT No. PCT/CA94/00267 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 5, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 5, 1996 PCT Filed May 13, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/27152 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 24, 1994This invention relates to the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in female breast tumor extract as a prognostic or predictive indicator for breast carcinoma. The presence of prostate-specific antigen in breast tumors is associated with earlier disease stage, younger women and better survival. PSA is associated with tumors which have estrogen and/or progesteron receptors.


To determine systematic trends that possibly allow extrapolation of the results of continuous irradiations to low dose rates four different fibers were exposed to dose rates between 0.05 rd/s and 180 rd/s of a Co-60 source and to the pulsed radiation of a flash X-ray facility. Data obtained show that in some cases extrapolation of the induced losses measured in this dose rate range to higher dose rates yields nearly exactly the results of pulsed irradiations with about 10 exp 11 to 3 x 10 exp 12 rd/s so that the extrapolation down to values of 10 exp -5 seems to be allowed too.


A 25-year-old man returned to Seoul National University Children's Hospital with mild dyspnea on exertion. He had undergone an arterial switch operation at 1 month after birth to correct a complete transposition of the great arteries and a ventricular septal defect. When the patient was 15 years old, dilatation of the neo-aortic sinus and annulus was first identified; since then, it had gradually increased. Given the young age of the patient and the degree of aortic regurgitation (AR), which was mild to moderate, we opted to perform a valve-sparing neo-aortic root replacement with aortic valve repair. Postoperative echocardiography showed successful reductions in the sizes of the aortic sinus and annulus, with only mild AR remaining.


Visually induced changes in the expression of early growth response‐1 (EGR1), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS), and NGFI‐A binding protein‐2 (NAB2) appear to form a part of a retinal network fundamental to ocular growth regulation, and thus, the development of myopia (short‐sightedness). However, it is unclear how environmental (visual) cues are translated into these molecular changes. One possibility is through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, a known regulator of such processes. By sequencing bisulfite‐converted DNA amplicons, this study examined whether changes in DNA methylation occur within specific regulatory and promoter regions of EGR1, FOS, and NAB2 during the periods of increased and decreased ocular growth in chicks. Visually induced changes in ocular growth rates were associated with single‐point, but not large‐scale, shifts in methylation levels within the investigated regions. Analysis of methylation pattern variability (entropy) demonstrated that the observed methylation changes are occurring within small subpopulations of retinal cells. This concurs with previous observations that EGR1 and FOS are differentially regulated at the peptide level within specific retinal cell types. Together, the findings of this study support a potential role for DNA methylation in the translation of external visual cues into molecular changes critical for ocular growth regulation and myopia development.


Accompanying the growing awareness that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are useful for diagnostics and therapeutics is the realization that EV applications must be established with rigor, reproducibility, and standardization. The small size and heterogeneity of most EVs are well-known barriers to rigorous studies. However, progress is also hampered by the largely unknown influence of a host of pre-analytical variables and a lack of quality controls, differences in EV separation and characterization techniques (van Deun et al., 2017), a general lack of dedicated reference materials and standards (Welsh et al., 2020), and analyses that are poorly defined and thus irreproducible. The goal of this Editorial is to summarize the past, present, and future contributions of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) to improving rigor and standardization in EV research. We highlight in particular the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee and the recently published results of a survey on the methods used for separation and characterization of EVs (Royo, Théry, Falcón-Pérez, Nieuwland, & Witwer, 2020). Major challenges remain. Even so, we predict that within a few years, the expansion of an ISEV infrastructure dedicated to rigor and standardization will enable us to turn the ugly duckling of current challenges into a beautiful swan of comparable and reproducible EVmeasurement results. Because we are working in a new and developing field of research, ISEV has the unique opportunity to set high standards for rigor, and we may even lead the way for other research fields and societies. Rigor and standardizationwith community input have been part of the ISEVmission since its founding. Impetus for founding a society arosewith a 2011meeting in Paris that was organized byClotilde Théry andGraçaRaposo. The incipient community voted to emphasize 'extracellular vesicles' in the name of the society rather than limiting focus to specific subtypes of EVs. Following the first annual meeting of ISEV in 2012, the first ISEV Workshop was organized and held in October, 2012 in New York City. This Workshop gave rise to the first two ISEV position papers, on standardization of sample collection and processing (Witwer et al., 2013) and RNA analysis (Hill et al., 2013). Subsequent workshops and co-sponsored events have given birth to additional position papers and other products, most of them published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (JEV) (Lötvall et al., 2012; Théry, Gho, & Quesenberry, 2019), that provide guidance on topics ranging from non-mammalian EVs (Soares et al., 2017) to EV RNA (Mateescu et al., 2017) and membranes (Russell et al., 2019) to biomarker considerations (Clayton et al., 2018) and therapeutic uses of EVs (Lener et al., 2015; Reiner et al., 2017). In 2014, the first position statement was published on the 'Minimal experimental requirements for definition of extracellular vesicles' (MISEV) (Lötvall et al., 26913). Following a community guidance survey (Witwer et al., 2017) and a series of intensive information-gathering surveys and exchanges with the ISEV board, MISEV was updated as the 382-author 'MISEV2018' (Théry et al., 2018). The goal of these manuscripts has not changed over the years, because it was and still is a challenge to purify and detect EVs, and to attribute specific biological cargo and functions to EVs. Working towards rigor and standardization, ISEV is not alone. Over the years, formal and informal collaborations with other societies and groups have coalesced. An early development was the founding of the Extracellular Vesicle Flow CytometryWorking Group (www.evflowcytometry.org), which first met at the ISEV2015 annual meeting. Members of ISEV, ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis andHaemostasis) and ISAC (International Society for Advancement of Cytometry) have prepared guidelines to improve the reproducibility of EV detection by flow cytometry, culminating in the 2020 position paper 'MiFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicles flow cytometry experiments' (Welsh et al., 2020). Additional papers are planned, including an educationalmanuscript about 'do's and don't's' of EV flow cytometry. A guidelines publication was produced by several ISEV Board of Directors (BoD) members with members of ISTH and the American Heart Association (AHA) (Coumans et al., 2017). ISEVhasworkedwith groups such as SOCRATES and the International Society for Cell andGeneTherapy (ISCT) on issues of clinical translation of EVs (Börger et al., 2020; Witwer et al., 2019). Importantly, the EV-TRACK consortium and knowledgebase, led by the Hendrix group, was launched to improve transparent reporting of EV research and is endorsed by ISEV/JEV (van Deun et al., 2017).


Introduction Injury is recognized as a major health problem in most high and low-income countries. Rafsanjan is considered as one of the accident-prone areas in Kerman province. Objective To study the epidemiology of traffic accidents in the Rafsanjan city. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted, by using the data from the Emergency Department (ED) of Aliebn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan city. The population included all people who had had a traffic accident in the city of Rafsanjan from March 21, 2014 through February 18, 2015. The sample included those who had been injured and transferred to the ED of Aliebn Abitaleb Hospital. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and logistic regression. SPSS software version 19 was used for data analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Age, gender and location of accident, had significant association with the number of mortalities (p=0.02), and other results of this study suggest that there was a significant relationship between the status of the injured and the gender (p<0.001), the accident location (p<0.001), and the type of injury (p<0.001). Conclusion The rate of accidents in one year in Rafsanjan city was high. Moreover, young people and motorcyclists had most accidents. Teaching the laws and regulations to the people of the city, is the most effective method in reducing accidents and mortality.


The system of interests of preschool children is the most important characteristic of the individual, showing the degree of its formation. In this regard, the study of cognitive interest and features of its manifestation is an integral direction of scientific and pedagogical research, designed to optimize the process of education and upbringing of preschool children. The inclusion of preschoolers in the world of foreign language culture helps to increase the level of formation of cognitive interest and the development of creative abilities of the child.


Publishers' details for: Ancient and Modern: Time, Culture and Indigenous Philosophy; Stephen Muecke, Sydney, UNSW Press, 2004, pp 198, pb $39. 95, ISBN 1868407860.


The structure of the Core Chip for Phased Array T R Modules is presented. Methods for the formation of a phase delay for X phase shifters are considered. An original differential design of SiGe core chip for X-band is presented. The schematic of 5 bits phase shifter and attenuator are designed. It consist of a series number LPF and HPF filters. Gain of phase shifter is 1.5 dB. Attenuator has the adjustment range from 0 to 24dB. Linear output power of the core chip is 5dBm. The total consumed current of the device is 158mA, at 5V power supply.


This article investigates secondary school teachers' conceptions of mathematics and their teaching practices in the use of graphing calculators in their mathematics classrooms. Case studies on three teacher participants were developed using quantitative and qualitative data that consisted of self-assessments on beliefs in mathematics, observations, surveys on professional and personal technology use and semi-structured interviews. All three teachers had a similar goal of attempting to use the graphing calculators to eliminate mechanical processing time and enhance their students' ability to construct their own learning. The major findings of this article relate to: (1) proficiency with the graphing calculator; (2) a common starting point and (3) integration into the curriculum. This article concludes that factors such as teachers' personal experiences and teaching practices, together with the level of proficiency of the students with the technology, influence how the graphing calculators are used in the mathematics classroom. When graphing calculators are effectively used in the mathematics classroom, they are a powerful tool to assist teachers in providing their students with an environment to help them construct their mathematical knowledge and understanding.


The paper analyzes,through field-observation and documentation,the distribution of the sporting results of the Eighth Business School Cup college faculty table tennis match held between a group of colleges and universities of Shanxi province.It shows that table tennis games among the college faculty in Shanxi are extensive,and their effects on health and society are evident.North University of China and Business College of Shanxi University are the most powerful schools;Taiyuan Normal University,Shanxi Radio and TV University and Jinzhong University demonstrate the best potential to win models in the future;and Shanxi Economic Management Cadre Institute,Jincheng Institute of Technology,Taiyuan Radio and TV University,Taiyuan University of Technology,Shanxi Normal University are the ones with the greatest competitive potential.Finally for the schools involved in the competition,the authors propose some balances,namely,the balance between bigger scale and higher quality,between better physical constitution and better technique and strategy,between exercise and competition,so that the sport can be developed to a higher level.


Household rainwater features were examined in the high rainfall Inadi ward, in the Vulindlela district of KwaZulu. The aim of the investigation was to determine the present status of rainwater collection equipment at private houses, with a view to upgrading such facilities as an interim source of water for potable and general purposes. The survey showed that galvanized roofs in general were in reasonable condition, although gutters and storage vessels were inadequate and were often in a poor state of repair. It is important to note that the data revealed acceptance of rainwater collection as a supplementary water supply source.


1 MBBS, MD, (Obs & Gynae), FICMCH, Assistant Professor, Sri Krishna Medical College, & Hospital, Muzaffapur, Bihar, India Email: email@example.com 2 MBBS, MS (Obs & Gynae) SKMCH, Senior Resident, Sri Krishna Medical College, & Hospital, Muzaffapur, Bihar, India 3 MBBS, MS (Obs & Gynae) SKMCH, Professor (Obs & Gynae), Sri Krishna Medical College, & Hospital, Muzaffapur, Bihar, India Abstract Objective: To Study the efficacy and safety of prior use of mifepristone before misoprostol use in second trimester abortion considerably reduce the induction abortion interval with lowest possible dose and adverse reaction. Material & Methods: A Prospective Study was conducted which include 50 patients visiting the antenatal OPD elective for abortions between 13 and 20 week of gestation as per the MTP act. They were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each-the study group received mifepristone 200 mg orally before misoprostol where as the control group was induced with misoprostol alone. The result was analyzed. Observation: Statistical analysis of the study was done. The induction abortion interval was significantly shorter in the study group, thereby decreasing the side-effect of the drug as well as duration of hospital stay. Conclusion: This study of offers a reliable, safe and cost effective option by using mifepristone before misoprostol to decrease the induction-abortion interval Keyword: Mifepristone, Misoprostol, Second Trimester Abortion.


Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response typically triggered by an infection, and is associated with hypoperfusion, hypotension, and/or organ dysfunction (Hermans, Leffers, Jansen, Keulemans, & Stassen, 2012; Burney et al., 2012). Sepsis accounts for over a half million emergency department (ED) visits each year (Hermans, et al., 2012). According to Hermans et al. (2012), one of the biggest advancements in sepsis treatment has been promotion of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), a key component of which is early recognition in the ED.


The reported investigation is based on the use of a three-dimensional, primitive equation model. The President's Day storm, formed in the Gulf of Mexico as a massive anticyclone, affected the northern states with record-breaking cold temperatures. Attention is given to the physical processes relevant to storm formation, the forecast model, a description of experiments and model forecasts, and model results. An attempt is made to determine the important dynamic processes at work during the evolution of the storm. The jet streak interactions which occurred in the cyclogenetic environment, the effects of cold air damming, and the formation of a strong mesoscale coastal front are found to be of particular interest.


Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features of autosomal recessive(AR) inherited myofibrillar myopathy(MFMs).Methods The clinical data of a AR inherited MFMs patient diagnosed by pathological detection were analyzed retrospectively.Results This case was onset at 7 years old.Her manifestation was weakness of limbs,and slowly progressive,from proximal to distal,combined with cardiomyopathy.Her parents were consanguineous marriage.Her old brother had almost same weakness of limbs since infancy and suddenly dead at 38 years old.The muscle pathological examination showed that the muscle fibers had vacuolar degeneration,and most of them were non-rimmed vacuoles.Desmin sedimentation was found in the some muscle fibers.The gene mutation related to MFMs,such as desmin,αB-crystallin and myotilin was negative.Conclusions AR inherited MFMs can be onset at infancy.The limbs weakness can be progressive from proximal to distal,and involved cardiomyopathy.The vacuolar degeneration and desmin sedimentation of muscle fibers are its pathological features.


This study deals with the application of fracture mechanics to predict the residual strength capacity of reinforced concrete beams weakened by the presence of a crack whose tip is subjected to a Mode I stress field. Carpinteri Model for fracture collapse of reinforced concrete beams served as a catalyst for the present formulation in which the requirement of yielding of reinforcement incipient to crack propagation as assumed by carpinteri was relaxed.


Some primitive animals have compact huge soluble oxygen binding molecules in extracellular solution for oxygen transport. As this old principle of nature works without complication it is tried to transfer it to man using native human hemoglobin. There are a lot of strong indications that human hemoglobin associates in high concentration (> 20 g/dl). So, a procedure was elaborated to covalently fixate the associates. A molecular weight higher than 6 ± 106 dalton is achieved in a 97% yield as evidenced by chromatography. Performing ultrafiltration a cut-off retentat at 300,000 dalton has a yield of 80%. Starting with outdated blood the oxygen pressure at half saturation of this polymer is 9.5 mmHg (in vivo conditions) without manipulating the oxygen affinity of the binding sites. The cooperativity of the polymer is decreased. Presumably known complications with extracellular hemoglobin solution (e.g. high viscosity, low residence time, oncotic interference) are avoided by applying the "new" principle.