One class of polymers that is inherently of great value for many applications is the aliphatic polyesters. Such polymers are very suitable for use as temporary guides, scaffolds, for tissue formation and other biomedical applications, due to their biocompatibility, degradability and appropriate mechanical properties. A prominent way to incorporate sites that allow alterations and modifications of the polymer backbone could be by copolymerization of functional monomers. The focus in this thesis is the development of new monomers and subsequent polymers bestowed with functional groups.Radical ring-opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals through a free-radical mechanism presents an alternative route to conventional ring-opening polymerization for the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters. By RROP, it is possible to incorporate ester functionality into the backbone of non-degradable polymers by copolymerize cyclic ketene acetals with vinyl monomers.The possibility of creating materials with high degree of functionality is achieved by copolymerization with other and possible functional monomers. Three different copolymerizations including cyclic ketene acetals were performed. First, to increase hydrophilicity of a hydrophobic polymer by copolymerization of two cyclic ketene acetals, 2-methylene-1,3,6-trioxocane (MTC) and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO). Second, to introduce degradability into a non-degradable backbone by copolymerize MDO and vinyl acetal (VAc). Subsequently, the acetate side-group was hydrolyzed into the more hydrophilic alcohol group. Third, to introduce reactive functionalities into the degradable backbone of poly(2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane) (PMDO), by copolymerize MDO and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The epoxide side-groups, originating from GMA, were subsequently used in post-polymerization reactions by coupling with the bioactive molecule heparin.The degradability of this class of copolymers was evaluated using the MDO/GMA-based material as model, showing that the materials degrade during 133 days without a rapid release of acidic degradation products or any substantial lowering of the pH. Methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays were also performed to confirm the innocuousness of the material. The results from the degradation study together with the MTT assays showed that these materials would be interesting for use in biomedical applications.Finally, a combination of controlled radical polymerization with controlled ring-opening polymerization was performed. α-Bromo-γ-butyrolactone (αBrγBL) together with e-caprolactone (eCL) or L-lactide (LLA) was successfully copolymerized to achieve copolymers with active and available grafting sites for single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP). Different acrylates, ranging from the hydrophobic n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate to the hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, were subsequently grafted via SET-LRP. All designated acrylate monomers were successfully grafted onto the polymer backbone, thereby emphasizing the versatility and ability of αBrγBL to act as a bridge between SET-LRP and ROP for a wide range of monomers.


Summary: This study aimed to validate the Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale (PNPPS) and assess its psychometric properties for pediatric nurses. The final PNPPS comprised 19 items and showed that the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the five-factor structure (reciprocity, professional knowledge and skill, sensitivity, information sharing, and communication). References: • Choi, M. Y., & Bang, K. (2013). Development and testing of a pediatric nurse parent part-nership scale. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 43(2), 194-202 • Lee, Y., & Seomun, G. (2016). Development and validation of an instrument to measure nurses' compassion competence. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 76-82. • Yeun, E. J., Kwon, Y. M., & Ahn, O. H. (2005). Development of a nursing professional values scale. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 35(6), 1091-1100. • Choi, M. Y., & Kim, J.S. (2015). Relationships Between Clinical Decision-Making Patterns and Self-Efficacy and Nursing Professionalism in Korean Pediatric Nurses. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30, e91-e88. • Coyne, I. (2015). Families and health-care professionals' perspectives and expectations of family-centred care: Hidden expectations and unclear roles. Health Expect, 18(5), 796-808. First Primary Presenting Author Primary Presenting Author Mi-Young Choi, PhD Chungbuk National University Associate Professor Cheongju Korea, Republic of (South) Author Summary: Present: Associate professor, Major in Pediatric nursing, Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk University, Republic of Korea. Past: Registered Nurse, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea. Second Secondary Presenting Author Corresponding Secondary Presenting Author Ju-Yeon Uhm, PhD Pukyong National University Department of Nursing Assistant Professor Busan Korea, Republic of (South) Author Summary: Present: Assistant professor, Major in Fundamentals of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea. Past: Assistant professor, Department of Nursing, Daegu Haany University; Registered Nurse, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea.


Abstract:Malaysia has consistently placed high priority on reducing income inequality, particularly between ethnic groups, with increasing emphasis in recent years on national—rather than intergroup—inequality, exclusion of low-income households, and gender disparity. Official statistics show steeply declining household income inequality in recent years, and a marginal gender wage gap, but further investigation finds different trends and more nuanced pictures. This paper presents alternative findings that pose questions about the official account. Computing estimates of wage distribution, the study finds moderate changes in inequality, with relatively higher wage growth at the top and bottom ends—managers, production and elementary workers—while professionals, skilled workers and service workers have experienced slower gains. Shifts in Malaysia's economic structure and labour markets are consistent with the modest changes in inequality that are observed, and somewhat confound the drastic drop plotted in official sources. On gender inequality, women's rapidly increased educational attainment and steadily rising labour participation have bolstered their economic standing, and may account for the surprisingly low average male-female wage disparity. However, when disaggregated by occupation, age group, and employment status, substantial gender gaps are observed. Malaysia's efforts to redress inequality warrant more rigorous analyses and systematic policies.


The content of nitrate,nitrite and nitrate reductase activity in pakchoi,Chinese cabbage,cabbage,spinach during storage were researched.The results showed that the content of nitrate in pakchoi was over the national standard before and after storage.The content of nitrate and nitrite in pakchoi and spinach was over the national standard after storage for three days,so the two kinds of leaf-vegetables above were inedible after storage.The change of nitrate reductase activity in four kinds of leaf-vegetables had not rules during storage.There was no correlation between decrease rate of nitrate and change of nitrate reductase activity in four kinds during storage for three days.


Semiconductor membrane fuel cells are a new promising R&D for solid oxide fuel cells and proton ceramic fuel cells. There is a challenge of the electronic short circuit issue by using semiconductor to replace conventional electrolyte membrane. In this work, type II band alignment of the semiconductor heterostructure based on Mg-doped ZnO and ZnO can, on one hand, block electrons passing through the junction, and on the other hand, trigger the ionic properties of membrane to boost the fuel cell performance. The Mg doping into ZnO creates more oxygen vacancies at the surface of ZnO, leading to enhanced ionic transport, and meaningful fuel cell performance of 673 mW/cm2; while the Mg-doped ZnO/ZnO heterostructure fuel cell has delivered 997 mW/cm2 and OCV 1.04 V at 520 oC. It is worth highlighting that the constructed heterostructure interface, especially the band bending and constituted build-in electric field, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the ionic transport and suppressing the electron passing through the internal device. First principal calculations using density functional theory confirmed the doping of Mg and the formation of heterostructure with ZnO to help for enhancing charge carriers and separations. This work suggests that the constructed type II band alignment or the semiconductor heterostructure is useful for developing advanced fuel cells.


The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which is a surface layer formed on the negative electrode, plays an important role in inhibiting the reductive decomposition of the electrolyte solution in a lithium-ion battery. However, it has not been understood well which components are important for the SEI to prevent the electrolyte decomposition. Lithium fluoride (LiF), as an artificial SEI, was formed on an amorphous-Si thin film by physical vapor deposition. Changes in the surface morphology of the Si electrode with potential sweeping were investigated using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although large amounts of non-uniform surface deposits that originate from electrolyte decomposition emerged on the bare Si-film electrode during the first lithiation process, few surface deposits were observed on the LiF-coated Si-film electrode even after two cycles in an ethylene carbonate-based electrolyte solution without additives. It is clear that LiF is a required SEI component that inhibits electrolyte decomposition on Si negative electrodes.


Abstract. Regulatory experience of approving and monitoring safety of biosimilar medicines varies across the World. Recentlythe European Union has taken lead in establishing a transparent regulatory process for approving biosimilars. The EU to datehas approved a number of biosimilars, such as several formulations of somatotropin, epoetin and most recently, filgrastim. Theprevailing view among regulators is that as proteins are much more complex than small molecule medicines, it may not bepossible to demonstrate the identical nature of two biological products originating from different manufacturing sources solelybased on quality information. This leads to the thinking that follow-on biological products manufactured after expiry of patentand other exclusivity rights by "generic" manufacturers can not be approved using the same simplified regulatory proceduresas applied for small molecule based generic drugs. Generating additional nonclinical and clinical data to demonstrate that thesemedicines have an equivalent, or similar, safety and efficacy profile to the originator product is needed. However, several partieshave raised concerns that these regulatory measures may not be enough to ensure the safety and efficacy of these products. Inthis article a short review of regulatory experience, main principles and issues concerning quality, safety and efficacy (as ofteninseparable) of these products is given.Keywords: Biosimilar, pharmacovigilance, drug safety, drug regulation


Campus card as a digital campus an important part of safety-critical data, how to build a response to the earthquake, fire, equipment damage and man-made such a serious case of misoperation remote Disaster Recovery System colleges and universities to become active the exploration and pursuit of the goal, the importance of digital data analysis of the campus, combined with several data Disaster Recovery program, the search for a card application data and the corresponding importance for their Disaster Recovery system data needs to conduct a brief Discussion and analysis.


Monascus purpureus recombinant mppC and mpp7 knockout strains were subjected to extractive fermentation in the context of azaphilone pigment production. Inclusion of Diaion HP-20 resin resulted in the selective production of unreduced azaphilone congeners, in addition to the early intermediate FK17-P2a, from ΔmppC and Δmpp7 strains that would otherwise mainly produce reduced congeners. Structural determination of two novel unreduced azaphilones from the Δmpp7 strain was accomplished. The unreduced azaphilone compound was converted into the cognate reduced congener in recombinant M. purpureus strains, demonstrating its intermediate role in azaphilone biosynthesis. This study demonstrates the possibility that extractive fermentation with Diaion HP-20 resin can be used to obtain cryptic azaphilone metabolites.


A solidification model for ductile iron, including Weibull formula for nodule count, has been presented. The principal assumptions of the kinetic nature of growth, depending on undercooling in respect of the eutectic equilibrium temperature and austenite liquidus line, have been adopted, disregarding the diffusion processes, which was justified by the rapid course of the crystallization process in a thin-walled casting. From this model, the following parameters can be determined: cooling curves, kinetics of austenite and eutectic nucleation, austenite and eutectic growth velocity, and volume fraction. The correctness of the mathematical model has been experimentally verified by comparison with literature data in the range of the most significant factors, which include temperature field, the value of maximum undercooling, the value of minimum and maximum temperature on a cooling curve, maximum undercooling, the recalescence and graphite nodule count interrelated with the casting cross-section.


Synovial joints are generally considered to consist of a number of discrete elements (capsule, cartilaginous articular surfaces, synovial fluid, and synovium'); and synovial fluid is regarded as a body fluid lying within a tissue space bounded by synovium. Because this arrangement is reminiscent of the major body cavities, synovium and synovial fluid are often discussed in similar terms to those used for the lining and contents of other body cavities. By analogy synovial fluid and the changes that it undergoes in disease are often likened to those seen in other body fluids; for instance, by the use of the term joint effusion. This almost subconscious view of the synovial joint has important implications for the way in which joints and joint diseases are perceived and, in particular, how changes in the amount and composition of synovial fluid are evaluated. The synovial joint is so commonly regarded as containing a body cavity that it is perhaps surprising to discover that if its anatomy is studied in detail its structure is not in any way comparable with that of the major body cavities. The fundamental biological difference between the 'joint space' and the body cavities lies in the nature of the interface between the elements lining the 'joint space' (synovium and cartilage) and the synovial fluid. It is accepted that cartilage consists of cells in a solid matrix with no discrete surface cell layer.2 Direct exchange of water, solutes, and certain macromolecules occurs between the synovial fluid and cartilage matrix.3 It is also well recognised that at the ultrastructural level the interface between cartilage and synovial fluid is ill defined.4 Thus at both the physical and chemical level there is no discrete boundary between cartilage and synovial fluid, there being a small but important area of the joint in which components of both are mixed. Although the surface synoviocyte layer often appears as a discrete boundary zone between the liquid synovial fluid and the more solid synovium, electron microscopy shows that synoviocytes are structurally dissimilar to the mesothelial cells of pericardium, peritoneum, or pleura, and morphological4 and epitope expression studies' have shown that in lineage and function synoviocytes and mesothelial cells are quite distinct. Although the synoviocytes that aggregate on the synovial side of the interface between 'solid' synovium and 'liquid' synovial fluid are surrounded by basement membranelike material, this is not a true basal lamina as it lacks the ordered trilaminar arrangement typical of this structure.6 7 Indeed, synoviocytes are not natural lining cells but are rather a mixture of bone marrow derived cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and locally derived secretory cells.8 Because in normal joints both the cell layer and the basement membrane-like material are incomplete,9 in places synovial fluid is in direct continuity with the extracellular fluid of the synovium.10 Thus there is not the cell layer and complex basal lamina characteristic of the lining of other body cavities that directly controls the exchange of fluid, ions, and macromolecules between conventional lining tissues and the adjacent tissue space. As a result the synovial intima is a relatively ineffectual barrier to the passage of fluid, macromolecules, and cells.8 The morphological relation between the apparently discrete elements within the joint is, as is indicated above, quite unlike the structure of any conventional body cavity. As might be predicted the synthesis of synovial fluid is also very different from the production of body cavity fluids. Unlike pleural or pericardial fluid, which is a highly selected residuum of predominantly low molecular weight components of tissue fluid, synovial fluid consists of a mixture of a filtrate of plasma and macromolecules produced by cells within adjacent tissue." The difference can be fully explained by the lack in the joint of any form of the cell/basement membrane 'filter' mechanism seen at the interface between fluid and tissue in the body cavities. When comparison is made with other body constituents it is found that in general terms there is no essential difference between the formation of synovial fluid and an extracellular tissue matrix. In view of the way in which it forms and its physical and chemical relationships with surrounding elements it is probably better, therefore, to regard synovial fluid, not as a carefully controlled transudate into a body cavity, but as a peculiarly liquid connective tissue. Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathological Sciences, University ofManchester A J Freemont


Ramp-up is a major step in the implementation of manufacturing systems, and is even more critical in reconfigurable manufacturing systems. For a successful reduction in ramp-up time, it is essential to analyze and monitor both the overall manufacturing system and the individual machine tools/processes that comprise the system. Towards this end, we have addressed the issue of monitoring tool wear using audible sound to enable faulty conditions associated with wear to be identified during the process before the part quality gets out of specification. Audible sound generated from the cutting process is analyzed as a source for monitoring tool wear during turning, assuming adhesive wear as the predominant wear mechanism. The analysis incorporates the dynamics of the cutting process. In modeling the interaction on the flank surface, the asperities on the surfaces are represented as a trapezoidal series function with normal distribution. The effect of changing asperity height, size, spacing, and the stiffness of the asperity interaction is investigated and compared with experimental data.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. MicroRNA miR-181a is downregulated in the kidneys of hypertensive patients and hypertensive mice. In vitro, miR-181a is a posttranslational inhibitor of renin expression, but pleiotropic mechanisms by which miR-181a may influence blood pressure (BP) are unknown. Here, we determined whether deletion of miR-181a/b-1 in vivo changes BP and the molecular mechanisms involved at the single-cell level. We developed a KO (knockout) mouse model lacking miR-181a/b-1 genes using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Radiotelemetry probes were implanted in 12-week-old C57BL/6J WT (wild type) and miR-181a/b-1 KO mice. Systolic and diastolic BP were 4- to 5-mm Hg higher in KO compared with WT mice over 24 hours (P<0.01). Compared with WT mice, renal renin was higher in the juxtaglomerular cells of KO mice. BP was similar in WT mice on a high- (3.1%) versus low- (0.3%) sodium diet (+0.4±0.8 mm Hg), but KO mice showed salt sensitivity (+3.3±0.8 mm Hg; P<0.001). Since microRNAs can target several mRNAs simultaneously, we performed single-nuclei RNA sequencing in 6699 renal cells. We identified 12 distinct types of renal cells, all of which had genes that were dysregulated. This included genes involved in renal fibrosis and inflammation such as Stat4, Col4a1, Cd81, Flt3l, Cxcl16, and Smad4. We observed upregulation of pathways related to the immune system, inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, and nerve development, consistent with higher tyrosine hydroxylase in the kidney. In conclusion, downregulation of the miR-181a gene led to increased BP and salt sensitivity in mice. This is likely due to an increase in renin expression in juxtaglomerular cells, as well as microRNA-driven pleiotropic effects impacting renal pathways associated with hypertension.


Machine design and electrical contacts involve frequently elastic circular contacts subjected to normal loads. Depending on geometry, these may be Hertzian or surface contacts. Both possess highly nonuniform pressure distributions which diminish contact load carrying capacity. The achievement of a uniform pressure distribution would be ideal to improve the situation, but this violates stress continuity. Instead, the generation of a uniform pressure over most of contact area can be sought. Generally, equivalent punch profile which generates this pressure is found by numerical evaluation of double integrals. This paper simplifies the derivation of punch profile by using an existing correspondence between a polynomial punch surface and elastically generated pressure. First, an improved pressure profile is proposed seeking to avoid high Huber-Mises-Hencky stresses near contact surface. Then, this is approximated by the product between typical Hertz square root and an even polynomial, which yields directly the punch profile. Formulas for normal approach and central pressure are derived.


'V for Vendetta' (James McTeigue, 2005), based on Alan Moore and David Lloyd's graphic novel of the same name, opens with a meditation on the relationship between the political and the personal. It is 5 November 1605 and Guy Fawkes is creeping through underground tunnels with a wagon of gunpowder, when suddenly he is surrounded by armed men with dogs.


The present invention evaluates the adequacy of claims emitted under the insurance contract or debt protection contract, a computer system based automatic loss verification system. Claimant, take contact to the insurance company or lender, instead of requesting to provide a complete documentation proof of the loss event emit billing system is based on predictive modeling a plurality of prospective risk factors risk using an evaluation tool, scoring the relative risk of the claim in advance. Associated automatic loss validation tool assigned using other information connected to the risk score and the claims, the relative confidence level that must be satisfied before such request is approved through the decision process , the system automatically accesses to verify the billing, allocating a combination of certificate source or certificate source third party provides. .The


The modern run-time environments provide a high-level object-oriented programming model, reflection capabilities, and a large amount of libraries. These platforms are particularly suitable to host programs written in many different languages. To let all languages reuse the common libraries, the platform has a reflection mechanisms to access the metadata information, which can be used by the compilers to provide language interoperability in a seamless way. Writing a compiler for such platforms becomes an exercise in programming model mapping. Most of the languages rely on closely related flavors of the object-oriented model, but the mappings from one model to another are not always trivial. This thesis investigates the implementation of a language interoperability platform based on an active object-based object-oriented model. First, it analyzes the relations between the type systems of the platform and its subset used for interoperability, and the languages for the platform. Each language type system must be mappable to the platform type system, and the interoperability type system must be bidirectionally mappable to every language type system. Many languages implement a different flavor of the object-oriented model. A few simple mapping rules to transform each flavor onto another one are presented. Second, the Aos kernel implementing Active Oberon's active object model is introduced as language interoperability platform. The language Active Oberon is presented as natural notation for the active object model. The Paco scope-parallel Active Oberon compiler is a case study that shows a non-trivial application relying on active objects. It parses each scope concurrently and solves forward references in the code with parser synchronization, instead of requiring a second parsing pass. Third, the Jaos Java Virtual Machine for Aos is presented. The jit-compiler maps the Java model to the active object model, and compiles the java byte-code using the data-layout and facilities provided by the kernel; the jit-compiler and the Java reflection libraries use the same metadata repository as the Active Oberon compiler: this allows both languages to interoperate seamlessly. Plugins for the metadata repository and for the kernel's dynamic loader allow to use multiple metadata persistency formats and multiple object-file formats at the same time.


RightScale offering a multi-cloud management solution has announced that it now officially supports Windows Azure Infrastructure Services, which was released earlier this week. In January ...


Caliciviruses use a termination/reinitiation mechanism for expression of their minor capsid protein VP2. This process is dependent on defined sequence motifs in a region located
upstream of the VP2 translational start site which is called the 'termination upstream ribosomal binding site' (TURBS). This element is necessary to tether the posttermination ribosome to the viral RNA to allow reloading of initiation factors and restart of translation. In general, the molecular principles of this mechanism show similarity to prokaryotic translation initiation. The talk will summarize basic features of this interesting mechanism of gene expression and present the results of RNA structure and function relationship of the TURBS


The paper tries to combine the theoretical pattern with the practical study,so it analyzes the process of a specific dissension under the perspective of rule,discourse and pattern.And the paper draws such a conclusion that the process of mediation displays the balance between the inner law and the outer law,the negotiation between the mass discourse and the experts' discourse.And the pattern of state and society discloses the nature of mediation that it is just a balancing process of multiple powers.


Flexible displays are essential components in wearable screens, electronic newspapers, and smart identity cards [1]. Flexibility is usually limited by the weakest interface or by the most brittle layer in the stack, which is often a conducting oxide or metal [1]. Widespread use of flexible displays faces challenges due to processing limitations, such as high temperature (>200°C) [2] and fabrication costs of the active-matrix backplane[3,4,5]. Here, we present an active-matrix, flexible electrophoretic display that includes in its pixel electronics films of solution processed graphene combined with Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs). Graphene is produced by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite [6,7,8]. SWNTs are produced by arc discharge[9]. These are also functionalized with 3% carboxyl groups [9] to enhance dispersibility in water[10]. The SWNTs are individualized and stabilized in solution using tip sonication [11]. The de-bundling is performed employing linear chains surfactants [11], followed by ultracentrifugation to remove residual bundles [11].Coating by Meyer bar is used to deposit first the SWNTs dispersion and subsequently the graphene-ink, directly on the backplane of the display. The SWNTs-graphene ratio is 40:60% in mass, that assures the uniformity of the film on the backplane without aggregates. The SWNTs role is fourfold: 1) decreasing the contact angle of the ink on the backplane from 27.5° to 9.75°, 2) increasing the interfacial adhesion of the graphene ink with the substrate, 3) formation of a conductive network on the backplane for the subsequent graphene coating [12, 13], 4) promoting the charge transfer between graphene flakes, improving the conductivity of the graphene film [14]. The graphene coating improves the adhesion of the graphene/SWNTs film on the backplane during the processing of the display. The display contains 122880 pixels (320x384) (Fig.1a), driven by the same number of Thin Film transistors (TFTs). Graphene and SWNTs conformally cover 3μm deep vias (Fig.1b) and create the contact with the gold electrodes underneath. The graphene/SWNTs layer has strong adhesion on the backplane, with a peel force of 2.68 N. No delamination or cracking occurs up to a radius of curvature of 0.5mm, assuring the full flexibility of the display. References [1] PCP Bouten, Wiley (2005) [2] J.Lewis et al. Mat. Today 4 (2006) 38 [3] S.R.Forrest. et al. Nature 428 (2004) 911 [4] Y. Chen. et al. Nature 423 (2003) 136 [5] M. A. McCarthy et al. Science 6029 (2011) 570 [6] Y.Hernandez et al. Nat. Nanotech. 3 (2008) 563 [7] F. Torrisi et al. ACS Nano 6 (2012) 2992 [8] M.Lotya et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 3611 [9] M. E. Itkis et al. Nano Lett., 3, (2003), 309 [10] B.White et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, (2007), 13684 [11] T.Hasan et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (2007) 12594 [12] L. Hu et al. Nano Lett. 4 (2004) 2513 [13] D. Zhang et al. Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 1880 [14] D. S. Hecht et al. Adv. Mater. 23 (2011) 1482


Contact resistance and thermal process are very important parameters for contact. The film on contact surface has an influence on contact resistance and the thermal process. This paper has analyzed the static contact resistance and the thermal process, and then the finite-element models are proposed for contact with film. The contact boundary condition is automatically met in calculating the finite-element method for contact without film, but it will be changed when the contacts are covered with film. We have developed the finite-element program for contact with film. Our results for resistance of single-spot contact are approximate to the theoretical value. Finally we have analyzed the effect of the film on the thermal process.


. For a stochastic process reset at random times, we discuss to what extent the probabilities of some orderings of observables associated to the intervals of time between resetting events are universal, i.e


A one-pot oxidation/Michael addition/oxamination reaction of allylic alcohols affords the formation of multifunctionalized aldehydes with high levels of stereoselectivity under environmentally benign conditions.


(+)-Eudesma-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one (1)isolated from Atractylodes rhizomes has been degraded with basic alumina to the trisnor ketone (3). From the CD spectra of 1 and 3, the absolute configuration of 1 has been established to be 5S, 10R, which has so far been allocated to the (−)-enantiomer.


Describes the effects of pruning, season of pruning, shading, sunlight, and side of tree on epicormic branching and quality of first 16-foot log.


KHARIZ ARIGHI. The Influence of Management Ownership, Institution Ownership,
Profitability, Dividend Policy and Firm Size on the Debt Policy of Manufacturing
Company that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017 Faculty of
Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 2019
The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of management ownership on
the debt policy, to analyze the influence of institution ownership on the debt policy, to
analyze the influence of profitability on the debt policy, to analyze the influence of
dividend policy on debt policy, and to analyze the influence of firm size on debt policy
in manufacturing company that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research
using secondary data from annual report from Indonesia Stock Exchange.
The hypotheses results showed that the management ownership and dividend policy
have not influence on the debt policy. Institution ownership and firm size have
positive influence on debt policy. Profitability has negative influence on the debt
policy.
Keywords: Management Ownership, Institution Ownership, Profitability, Dividend
Policy, Firm Size, Debt Policy, Manufacturing Company.


Species' variety of ephitipical lichens in different kinds of man-made plants of forests' ecosistems in steppe zone of south Russia is represented at the article. The dinamic of appearence of ephitipical lichens at the different stadies of forest's development was watched. On the base on found species-indificators the works were held in Novocherkassk, Rostov district.


Galectin-3 stabilizes cell-cell junctions and regulates inflammatory pathways in the gut-liver axis. Galectin-3 knockout (Lgals3−/−) mice have atypical behaviors by obscure mechanisms. Given that BALB/c mice naturally develop low-sociability, stereotypies and restrict interest, they have been included as autism experimental model. Our major aims were to investigate whether galectin-3 in the gut-liver axis interferes with autistic-like behaviors analyzing BALB/c Lgals3−/− mice or under partial inhibition of galectin-3 oral intake of cow's milk for 7 days. Behavioral patterns were assessed using a three-chambers test, open field, and self-grooming. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry (Galectin-3, NOS-2, Iba-1, Ki-67, Dll-4, Shank-3, Synaptophysin and Drebrin) were performed in gut, liver, and/or brain. Lgals3−/− mice amplified stereotypies, social retraction and restrict interest associated with reduction of cerebral Shank-3+ cells. In Lgals3+/+ mice, cow's milk intake also amplified atypical behaviors, reduced galectin-3 in enterocytes and Kupffer cells, and disturbed niches of intestinal KI67+ and Dll-4+ cells and hepatic NOS2+ cells. In the brain of milk-treated mice, Iba-1+ microglial cells and NOS2+ Purkinje cells were increased whereas Shank-3+ and Drebrin+Synaptophysin+ cells were reduced suggesting, for the first time, that galectin-3 interferes with autistic behavior. Perhaps, a perspective to new therapies in genetically predisposed individuals to atypical behaviors.


Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly prescribed to individuals with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate patient reported satisfaction with orthotic devices and services in individuals with CMT to provide preliminary data for advancing AFO development and improving clinical care.


The whole physics process of ductile fracture in 30CrMnSi steel was investigated by the experiment of three-point bending specimen,which was monitored by acoustic emission system and the analysis of fracture by SEM and X-ray spectrometer.The results indicate that the whole process of the fracture includes there stages: the plastic deformation of crack tip,the crack pre-critical propagation and the crack critical propagation.The process of plastic deformation of crack tip is the formation and growth of cavity.The essential of crack pre-critical propagation is the connection of the dimples and the crack critical propagation is attributed to large-scale cleavage.There is a tendency to be more brittle during ductile fracture propagation for all stages.It is testified that acoustic emission technology is an efficient means to monitor the damage propagation for the high strength steel.


Abstract: Fusarium head blight, caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, results in major losses in wheat. In two separate field experiments, spikes of winter wheat cultivars 'Overland' (moderately resistant) and 'Overley' (susceptible) were sprayed at anthesis with the triazole fungicide Prosaro (prothioconazole + tebuconazole) or the strobilurin fungicide Headline (pyraclostrobin) or not sprayed. Following harvest, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations were monitored during 120 d of grain storage at 10 °C, 40% relative humidity, and 10%, 16%, or 20% grain moisture. In 'Overland', DON decreased significantly at P = 0.05 from an average of 3.6 to 3.0 μg g-1 in the check and decreased from 2.7 to 2.2 μg g-1 in the Prosaro treatment. DON did not significantly decrease (4.4–4.1 μg g-1) in the Headline treatment. DON concentrations did not differ between 16% (3.1 μg g-1) and 20% (3.0 μg g-1) grain moisture. In 'Overley', DON increased significantly from 3.1 to 3.6 μg g-1 in the check and from 2.9 to 3.5 μg g-1 in the Headline treatment, but remained the same at 2.2 μg g-1 in the Prosaro treatment. DON concentrations were not different between 16% (3.2 μg g-1) and 20% (3.1 μg g-1) grain moisture but were significantly lower (2.7 μg g-1) at 10% grain moisture. These results indicate that the effects of fungicides applied at anthesis in the field can impact DON concentrations through grain storage. Triazoles are recommended over strobilurins to achieve this extended postharvest protection from DON, and grain moisture during storage should be below the maximum safe level of 13.5% at 10 °C.


by SHABAZZ A. RAH-KHEM Mid-level managers often face complex tasks when they are implementing strategic plans at the local level and monitoring related change initiatives. Yet, little is known about how these middle managers navigate such complexity and how their interactions within their local organizational networks create innovative responses to unforeseen turbulence during plan implementation. One challenge is that middle managers confront daily competing priorities such as how to tease out new local efficiencies, improve quality, leverage new technology, enter new markets, and comply with new regulations. We examine which specific elements influence adaptability in local settings, in the face of overarching strategic imperatives, and the bottom-up process of the middle-managers' initiation and/or participation in adaptive responses to turbulence. Understanding these elements can contribute to better implementation of strategies that facilitate organizations' successful responses to emergent opportunities. We conduct three studies to examine such factors. We focus specifically on their effects on individual mid-level managers' decision effectiveness, as the managers seek to balance formal plan implementations with environmental turbulence. The first qualitative study conducts 33


In thisseriesofpaperswepresenta detailed study oftheparticle{particle collective excitations ofthe Hubbard m odel,and their contribution to the density and spin excitation spectrum .In the rstpaper,we shallinvestigate thesingletparticle{particlepairwith m om entum ( ; ),the particle,ofthe negative{U Hubbard m odel. W e review three previously obtained theorem s aboutthe particleand develop aself-consistentlinearresponsetheory which takesinto accountitscontribution to the density excitation spectrum in the superconducting state. W e show thatthisself{consistenttheory agreeswith theexacttheorem saswellastheresultsofnum ericalM onteCarlosim ulations.


Against the problem of water-land intermodal transport logistics in area of Yangtze River, based on the method of bi-level programming, a layout optimization model of the area under the condition of flow of goods in dual direction is built up. The model involves optimized selection of ports as the intermodal transport hubs and determination of throughout of ports after construction from the point view of logistic planning department and optimized selection of water-land intermodal transport routes and determination of goods volume among the routes. The example reveals that the problem of layout optimization in Yangtze River basin under the condition of dual-direction goods flow can be modeled by bi-level programming, and the model can be solved by two kinds of algorithms including two-phrase one and adding objective functions.


This paper analyzes the results of a pilot study at Glendale Community College (Arizona) to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive multiple choice final exam in the macroeconomic principles course. The "pilot project" involved the administration of a 50-question multiple choice exam to 71 students in three macroeconomics sections. The assessment looked at four areas: (1) problems of test administration, such as quality of the questions and the problem of time constraints; (2) student reactions to the test as related to the hours they spent studying for it; (3) the relationship between the unit test (covering three to four chapters) scores and the comprehensive final exam; and (4) the relationship between the class writing assignment and the final exam. Results indicate that the use of a comprehensive final exam may be a redundant measure of student performance if unit tests are given throughout the semester. However, a case can still be made for comprehensive final exams on the grounds that they may promote a fuller understanding of the material, or that they provide a second chance for learning material that may have been missed or distorted. Appended are the final exam questionnaire, tables indicating hours studied, test score analysis, and a copy of the final exam. (AS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** THE USE OF A COMPREHENSIVE MULTIPLE CHOICE FINAL EXAM IN THE MACROECONOMICS PRINCIPLES COURSE: AN ASSESSMENT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ) Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION ..)(1Se CENTER (ERIC) his docum ent has been reproduced as ceived from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Social Sciences Division Glendale Community College April, 1999 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY M. Petrowsky TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER (ERIC)


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a five-year survival rate of 8%. Oncogenic KRAS mutation is found in greater than 95% of PDAC cases, but additional mutations or injury are required for disease initiation and progression. Chromatin remodeling protein ATRX has been previously implicated in DNA repair, replication and maintaining genomic stability. I hypothesized that loss of ATRX could increase the susceptibility of pancreatic tissue to pancreatic injury or KRAS-mediated damage. In this study, combination of inducible ATRX loss in adult mice with recurrent pancreatic injury or oncogenic KRAS activation resulted in increased pancreatic damage, including fibrosis, inflammation and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Interestingly, this effect was gender-specific, causing pancreatic damage exclusively in female mice with ATRX loss/KRAS activation. This study defines a novel role for ATRX within the exocrine pancreas, and provides insight into the epigenetic factors that can influence susceptibility to pancreatic disease.


A practical 12-step synthesis of the bis-functionalized (chloromethyl)hydroxybenzoindole (1), a prodrug form of CBI, is described. The first examples of bis-lexitropsin-CBI precursor conjugates (2i-ii) were thereby synthesized. Introduction CC-1065, isolated from the culture of Streptomyces zelensis is one of the most potent antitumor antibiotics discovered to date and has a wide spectrum of activities against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo as well as against microbial organisms. The structure of CC-1065 consists of three substituted pyrroloindole subunits (A C). Studies on the mechanism of cytotoxic action show that CC-1065 binds to double stranded BDNA within the minor groove at AT rich sites and alkylates the Ν 3 position of the 3' adenine by its subunit A . NH2


Near-infrared transmittance spectra (740 - 1140 nm) were gathered on single kernels of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum) for the purpose of establishing the feasibility of measuring wheat hardness (i.e., texture) by spectroscopy. Spectra of kernels from a ten-variety hardness standardization set were modeled using multiple linear regression (MLR) on log(1/T) and d2log(1/T)/d(lambda) 2 (up to five terms for each) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis (up to nine factors). Near-infrared diffuse reflectance hardnesses, determined by an official method of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, were the reference values. Single kernel hardness models were then applied to five varieties of wheat excluded in calibration. Results indicated that single kernel hardness by optical measurement of intact kernels is possible, presumably to the extent of the correlation between hardness and vitreousness. However, there is some doubt as to whether intact-kernel transmittance measurements are sensitive enough to measure the biochemical component (presumably, a low-molecular weight protein) that determines hardness. Five-term log(1/T) MLR and eight- factor PLS models provided the best modeling performances. Single kernel hardness models were used to examine kernel-to-kernel variation in hardness. By way of example, when the eight-factor PLS model was applied to the standardization set, Bennett had the least variation (standard deviation of 5.1 NIR-hardness units), and Nugaines had the most (s.d. equals 14.9 NIR-h.u.). Soft wheats tended to have more variation than hard wheats.


Oral health problem in Indonesian has increased. Yogyakarta is the fourth province with the highest number oral health problem and the third province with the highest Effective Medical Demands (EMD) for oral health in Indonesia. This fact indicates that it needs the attention of many parties to solve this problem, especially in Yogyakarta. Through community empowerment, community will be able to independently maintain their oral health and can be expected to be one of a solution to overcome the existing problems.The establishment of Oral Health Cadre (KADEGI) is a form of community empowerment strategy in terms of human resource development. Community empowerment, using the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) method, is very effective to help the KADEGI mastered several skills such as (a) able to do dental health education, (b) able to do early detection of oral disease and (c) able to refer oral health cases to the nearest public health services (puskesmas).The results of KADEGI's work in data collecting of oral health problem in Desa Panjangrejo showed that from 1.198 respondents who were examined, 64% of respondents had tooth cavities and 49% had debris and calculus. These data indicate that Desa Panjangrejo's resident are still need special attention in oral health problem by various parties.


The purpose of this paper is to report on the history of Villber since its foundation in Rosario in the 1950s until its shutdown in Plant No 1 in Pavon. Particularly important are the causes which led to the bankruptcy of a domestic capital company, leader in the refrigeration industry. In this respect, the analysis of the continuing conflicts between the employers and the workers gains strength, especially during the Villazo in 1974 and since the end of the military dictatorship in 1983 to the bankruptcy of Villber in 1986. 1974 commercial agreements with Cuba are studied in detail every time they reveal a series of connections of political and economic nature with central government.


The development of theoretical aspects of preservation of archival electronic documents under modern conditions is of great significance. Scientists and specialists from many countries are actively working in this sphere. Scientists and specialists of the Russian Federation pay considerable attention to this area of archival science, studying various issues of electronic (digital) documentation. The article focuses on several key aspects in view of implementation of the national project "Digital economy." Within the framework of this project, it is necessary to conduct research and solve practical problems in the field of electronic documents: problems of terminology, selection of electronic documents for storage, design of information systems for the archives, creation of a Center for electronic documents storage. The article concludes that it is hopeless to search for a single definition of an electronic document in various branches of knowledge. Terms electronic and digital document were compared using philosophical categories of information theory. The authors propose to divide electronic documents into three groups by their life cycle stage; documents in each group should be managed differently. They list issues that require theoretical understanding in order to come to a practical solution of the problem of preservation of electronic documents in state (municipal) archives. They underscore the problems of the so-called "replacement scan" and the need to safeguard the arrays of "robotic" documentation.


Control means for actuating at least one power take-off control unit (36) and optionally further control devices (28, 32) of a work vehicle with a control unit (10), at least with the control units (28, 32, 36), with operating elements (12, 14, 16) for manual control of control units (28, 32, 36), with at least one automatic switch (18) for activating or deactivating an automatic mode for the automatic actuation of control devices (28, 32, 36) and with a control system (46), which is the basis of signals a Hubwerksbedienelements (50) control signals for raising and lowering to a Anbaugeratehubwerk (49) of the work vehicle emits, is electrically connected, wherein the control unit (10) includes means that the PTO shaft in activated automatic mode (37) automatically switches off when when lifting the Anbaugeratehubwerks (49) a predetermined Hubwerkslage is exceeded or a prescribable time period has expired, characterized geke is used to mark, that the control unit (10), a release control element (25) is electrically connected, and that the control unit (10) has means which automatically turn on the PTO shaft (37) in activated automatic mode when the ...


A novel formulation and synthesis method to overcome the thickness limitations in samples of photopolymerizable glasses with high refractive index species is presented. The reported method allows the recording of volume holographic diffraction gratings in samples of ∼500 μm thickness with a high optical quality and low scattering. Holographic grating recording is performed in a single coherent light exposure step, resulting in volume gratings of high optical quality. A holographic notch filter implemented in a 500 μm thick photopolymerizable glass with a spectral bandwidth below 0.3 nm and an excellent filter extinction ratio of <−27 dB is also demonstrated.


Summary In 1999, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommended a six step evaluation framework for public health programs. The framework was developed to "guide(s) public health professionals in their use ofprogram evaluation" (Center for Disease Control (CDC), 1999) Their overall intent was to provide a model of evaluation procedures to be included in the daily operations ofpublic health programs. These procedures promote effective public health strategies and improve existing programs. Since1999 various programs have incorporated the evaluation framework; however it has still not been practiced consistently throughout various public health initiatives. A case study of the Celebrate Research Project a part of the University of Connecticut Health Center's (UCHC)Celebrate Women program was undertaken to demonstrate the benefits the evaluation framework can offer. From January 2004 to November 2004 the Celebrate Research Project underwent evaluation and organizational revision guided by the CDC recommendations. The projects goals and objectives were identified and procedures were analyzed to determine how well these goals were being met. The project was identified as being" under exposed, under marketed, under funded, under utilized, and suffering from inconsistent employment. Recommendations were offered based on these observations and one specific recommendation, simplification of the programs procedures, was implemented to demonstrate the benefits a program can reap from evaluation efforts. At the completion of implementation a meta-evaluation was undertaken on the Celebrate Research Project Evaluation. The meta-evaluation provided additional support demonstrating the credibility of the CDC framework for program evaluation.


We derive a formula for the bit-error probability (BEP) of binary partial-response continuous-phase modulation (PRCPM) with N-bit differential phase detection (DPD) in a Rician fading channel subject to L-branch maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity. We compute the BEP for minimum-shift keying (MSK), Gaussian MSK (GMSK), and 2 RC (2-b-duration raised cosine) frequency signals as a function of the energy-to-noise ratio per bit E/sub b//N/sub 0/ and other system and channel parameters [N=1 and 2 and L=1, 2, and 3, Rician factor K=-/spl infin/, 0, 6, 10, and /spl prop/ dB, Doppler frequency shift f/sub D/T=0, 0.01, and 0.02, Gaussian premodulation filter bandwidth B/sub g/T=/spl infin/, 0.5, 0.25, and the presence or absence of a Doppler frequency tracking loop (DFTL) in the receiver]. In all cases, the BEP is significantly reduced by diversity.


This article delves into the correlation between the search for meaning and the search for identity in adolescence. By integrating the perspectives of general psychology and social psychology, it highlights that adolescents face these two developmental tasks implicitly rather than self-consciously. The central idea is that the meanings individuals give to reality, before being the result of a cultural framework, derive from one's personal experience and interpretation of what one lives through when coming into contact with reality.


NIR light emitters are widely used in the areas of optical communication, spectroscopy, etc. However, the light emitters based on compound semiconductors face significant challenges with respect to their integration with silicon-based platforms because of their large footprints and low crystallinity grown on Si substrates. On the other hand, carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, are an attractive material for light emitters because (i) a small footprint emitter can easily be obtained due to its simple fabrication process, (ii) carbon nanomaterials can be prepared directly on a Si wafer, (iii) the unique optical, electrical and thermal properties are exhibited due to their low-dimensional structures. Here we talk about the electrically driven, ultra-high-speed light emitter based on carbon nanotubes and graphene [1-3]. We also talk about the quantum light generation from an individual single-walled CNT (SWNT). Photon antibunching is a typical feature of low dimensional materials, such as semiconductor quantum dots, and have been attracted much attention for use as single-photon sources in quantum cryptography. However, single photon sources at room temperature and telecommunication wavelength has not been reported so far. In this study, we demonstrated the photon antibunching in SWNT at telecommunication wavelength and room temperature [4]. This work was partially supported by KAKENHI from MEXT, A-STEP from JST, SCOPE from MIC, Japan.


Diisobutyl phthalate in leather goods was extracted by ultrasonic extraction method with hexane as the solvent,then the samples were purified by solid phase extraction(SPE),and finnally the diisobutyl phthalate content was determined and comfirmed by gas chromatography-mass selection detector(GC-MSD).The results indicated that this method was precise and reliable.While the plasticiser level of 100 mg/g was added in samples,this method provided recovery ratio of 94%,relative standard deviation of 4.9% and determination limit of 10 mg/kg.The technical items meet the related requirements.


Sophisticated design tools should 'understand' the methods underlying the design process, not only in terms of syntax but in terms of the semantics of design 'elements' and 'steps' and their relations, etc. Despite the need for such 'comprehensive method support' , at present only few design tools support much more than the syntax of design elements; most graphical tools mingle design methods and graphical representations into one tool, and little emphasis has been put on the use of toolbuilding-tools.


In this paper, we focus on improving the performance of an Iterative Learning Identification (ILI) algorithm for identifying discrete, Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Linear Time- Varying (LTV) plants that are able to repeat their trajectories. The identification learning laws are determined through an optimization framework, which is similar in nature to the design of norm optimal Iterative Learning Control (ILC). The ILI algorithm has been previously demonstrated to be capable of tracking rapid parameter changes. However, when it is applied to systems with noise, it results in high frequency parameter fluctuation around their true values. This paper suggests a time-varying ILI technique to improve the steady state estimation while maintaining the ILI's ability to track rapid parameter changes.


Main technical problems to be solved in development of large and medium-size prebaked aluminum electrolytic cells were described,and new technology,new material adopted in the design and its technical characteristics were discussed.Series economic scale corresponded with all types of large and medium-size prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell was also introduced.


The paper was to evaluate the vaccine safety,and to prevent public health risk due to virus spread,the approach vaccination of was adopted in this research; and neck intramuscular injection of IBRV LNM attenuated vaccine strain was carried out. Blind passage for three generations in animal has tested the reversion risk to virulence. A total of 14 healthy and weaning cows at 6- 8 month old were divided into three groups. The 1st reversion of virulence trials used 105. 0TCID50/mL neck intramuscular injection of IBRV LNM attenuated vaccine strain. Then,the nose swab samples were collected for continuous 14 days. After passed through 0. 45 μm filter membrane,nasal swabs mixture was prepared as the virulence test inoculum for next generation. The body temperature was detected and clinical observation was carried out for continuous 14 days after inoculation. The inoculation dose was 1ml / cattle. Blood was collected on the 0 and 14 thdays of animal vaccination. After serum isolation,it was used for the antibody detection of serum. Research results showed that no virus was isolated from the nasal swabs from the F2 generation; vaccinated animals did not show any clinical signs of IBR; serological testing of IBRV antibody was negative,which indicated that the strain-inoculated animals did had reversion of virulence in all three generations.


AbstractIntensive work in the last 6 years has demonstrated that first generation non-viral vectors (cationic liposomes and polylysine conjugates) are effective in gene transfer. However, these vectors are not suitable for intravenous administration; only poorly reproducible results were obtained. We discuss here all identified problems with these vectors and show that at least some of the problems can be solved by using polycation condensed DNA together with lipids. These novel supramolecular assemblies, LPD's, are about 50–100 fold more active in gene transfection than the first generation vectors. The structure and mode of action of the LPD's are also discussed.


Alternative notions on the reduction mechanism of crystalline metal oxides during the electrolysis of CaCl2 melts, which is actively discussed worldwide is scientific publications for recent 15 years, are described. It is shown based on the known experimental data on the nature of the Ca–CaCl2 solution and its reduction properties that metal oxides can reduce without the direct contact with the cathode in the volume of a homogeneous Ca–CaCl2 salt near cathode, i.e., catholyte. The reducing agent is calcium dissolved in a form of Ca+ cations in this case. In this case, the reaction surface area multiply increases, which favorably affects the course of heterophase chemical reactions. The method of introduction of Ca+ ions into the salt melt can be both by electrolysis of CaCl2 or due to the dissolution of metal calcium in this case, and it does not vary the essence of our process model.


This paper describes two interconnected methodologies for soliciting customers' expectations of suppliers (of products or services) and for measuring satisfaction against these expectations. The first of these procedures identifies Key Purchase/Evaluative Criteria and takes the form of a structured interview. It pursues the customers unaided spontaneous identification of the critical and essential attributes necessary to meet (or exceed) their expectations. The focus in on individual customers' operational definitions of these attributes and their view of importance. The second, Report Card methodology, incorporates these criteria into a standardized measurement scheme designed to elicit how well expectations had been met. The format of this Report Card can be described as analogous to a Chinese menu with specific core items accompanied by key attributes and other customized items from which to choose. Both methodologies rate suppliers and the suppliers' competitors identified as such by individual respondents. Results include gap analyses of these ratings against the ratings of suppliers and against the maximum possible score. Results are presented in the customers' words and include a "How to Think About This" interpretation that shapes recommendations.


A review of past work on the taxonomic status of the bonobo chimpanzee is presented. It is suggested that differences in size and morphology of the common and the bonobo chimpanzees have been exaggerated or poorly understood.

It is concluded that not enough data from the field on both bonobo and rainforest-living common chimpanzees exist to classify the bonobo. However, using Simpson's ('61) evolutionary species definition and the preliminary ecological data available, a subspecies designation for the bonobo chimpanzee is supported. Resolution of this taxonomic question through extensive field studies of both the bonobo and rainforest-dwelling common chimpanzees may greatly aid our interpretation of the hominoid fossil record.


BRS Pérola do Cerrado is the first cultivar released from Passiflora setacea breeding program. Fruits are green; present weight around 50 to120 g, length with 5 to 6 cm and width with 4 to 5 cm. The pulp shows yellow pearl color, sweet flavor different of Passiflora edulis pulp. The seedlings production comprehend the stages of cleaning, aril removal, seeds dormancy break by phytohormones (gibberellin and cytokinin), seeding and care in the nursery. The highest germination rate is obtained when the seeds are immersed in the 300 mg/L phytohormone water solution (GA4+7 + N-(phenilmetil)-aminopurine) for 1 to 20 minutes. Nursery soil substrate must present adequate fertility levels. The fertilization with N and Mg must be done each 10 days after seeds germination. The seedlings can present roots development problems in the soil substrate with excess of humidity. Low temperature (above 15 oC) can retard the seedling growing. The seedlings with 30 to 60 cm height and two or three month old are adequate to be planted in the definitive place.


Recently organic luminescent radical materials have attracted much attention as a class of novel luminescent materials which can produce doublet emission. Here we report two modified organic luminescent radicals TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 derived from tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) through introduction of imidazole. Various measuring methods have been carried out to characterize the structure and radical properties of the two products, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (EPR). The existence of single electron on two products has been confirmed by the EPR spectra with g TTM-Imz2=2.0040 and g TTM-Imz3=2.0038, which were close to the free electron ( g =2.0023). Then, photo- physical properties have been characterized through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, transient state fluorescence spectroscopy, and so on. Absorption spectra of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 both have a strong absorption band at short wavelength and a week absorption band at long wavelength. For TTM-Imz2, its absorption peaks are λ =382 and 552 nm, and for TTM-Imz3, λ =390 and 558 nm. Emission spectra of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 in various solvents do not show significant change. The emission peak of TTM-Imz2 is λ =581 nm in hexane, and for TTM-Imz3, λ =584 nm. Compared to the emission peak of TTM, they have bathochromic shift about 20 nm. Using rhodamine 6G in ethanol as a standard, the relative fluorescence quantum yields of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 in chloroform have been determined under excitation with λ ex=380 nm, which are up to 5.9% and 10.5% respectively. The excited luminescence lifetime ( τ ) of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 in chloroform were 12.8 and 16.1 ns respectively determined by transient fluorescence decay. Furthermore, theoretical calculations have been carried out to study the molecular orbitals, electron distribution and the effect of imidazole moiety of the radicals. The DFT calculations (UB3LYP/6-31G(d, p)) results show that both of the radicals have propeller type planner structure with sp2 hybridization central carbon atom. And the dihedral angle between imidazole moiety and its adjacent benzene ring is 33°–35°. The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is mainly distributed on the central carbon atom and partially delocalized onto the benzene rings and the imidazole rings. The energy gap between SOMO and the lowest unoccupied orbital of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 are 2.22 and 2.19 eV, respectively, which are lower than that of TTM (2.32 eV). Thus, compared to TTM, both of the absorption peaks and the emission peaks of the products have bathochromic shift. Finally, TGA measurements were performed to test the thermostability of the radicals. The thermal-decomposing temperature of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 are 129°C and 182°C respectively. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity decay of the radicals in toluene was recorded under excitation of a pulse laser with λ ex=355 nm. The fluorescence intensity of TTM decreased rapidly with a half-time of 27.9 s, by contrast, TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 are more stable with a half-time of 1156.1 and 661.4 s, which are up to TTM′s 41.4 and 21.9 times. Finally, OLEDs of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 have been fabricated. Both of the devices realized orange light emission. The maximum luminance of TTM-Imz3 reaches 147 cd/m2, and the maximum EQE of TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 reaches 1.1% and 2.9% respectively. In conclusion, the introduction of imidazole moiety in TTM-Imz2 and TTM-Imz3 increase the fluorescence quantum yields and enhanced the stability of the TTM radicals effectively, and orange light emission has been realized both in solution and OLEDs.


Hyperthyroidism is one of the causes of osteoporosis. Long-term uncontrolled hyperthyroidism can lead to serious osteoporosis. We presented a rare case of serious osteoporosis in children with multiple vertebral fractures and severe chronic thyrotoxic myopathy which was caused by long-term uncontrolled hyperthyroidism,in order to call attention to differentiation diagnosis of osteoporosis,especially to osteoporosis induced by hyperthyroidism.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of application of peripherally inserted central catheter in old patients with tumor,and analyze the relevant factors of UEX.Methods Clinical data of 164 old patients with tumor from January 2011 to June 2012 in conduit room of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Catheter success rate,complications situation and the time of retained catheter were analyzed.Regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant factors of UEX.Results A total of 142 cases (86.6%) were applied successfully,30 cases (18.3%) of complications were found; retained catheter time were 12-176 days,the average time was 73 days.Education before the catheterization,regular visit,bachelors degree or above,history of atrial fibrillation were found had the correlation with UEX (P < 0.05) ; education before the catheterization,regular visit,bachelors degree or above were the protective factors (OR < 1.000),history of atrial fibrillation was the risk factor (OR > 1.000).Conclusions Application of PICC is safe and feasible,it is worthy of clinical application.

Key words:
Peripherally inserted central catheter;  Old patients with tumor;  Unplanned extubation


We investigate a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user parallel packet-erasure broadcast channel. There is an ongoing effort to harness millimeter-wave bands, which are known to be unstable having high outage probabilities, by combining them with stable legacy bands. Motivated by this effort, we consider a <italic>heterogeneous</italic> scenario in which the parallel subchannels are categorized into two classes having different outage probabilities. For the two-user case, we characterize the sum capacity by developing an explicit achievable scheme and deriving a matching upper bound. In contrast to suboptimal schemes that apply coding on a per-subchannel basis only, our scheme applies coding <italic>across</italic> subchannels to exploit coding opportunities that arise from asymmetric outage probabilities more efficiently, thereby achieving optimality. By extending our scheme systematically to be applicable for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user case, we show that it can provide significant gains over existing schemes. Compared to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user scheme currently employed in practice, which allocates chunks of subchannels to users exclusively, we demonstrate the performance improvement attainable by our scheme to be substantial, as the multiplicative gain scales with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Moreover, we find that our scheme outperforms a per-subchannel extension of state-of-the-art <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user schemes by large margins, further reducing the optimality gap. Our results suggest a potential coding scheme that can be employed in future wireless systems to meet ever-growing mobile data demands.


Based on the baroclinic semi-geostrophic model,the effects of zonally symmetrical Ekman- CISK mechanism on the characteristics of 30—60-day low frequency oscillation(LFO)near the equator are investigated.It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the observational features of LFO.Besides,the planetary-scale LFO with the period of 30—60 d could be triggered by the Ekman-CISK mechanism,and the growth rate of perturbation with wave number 1 is in order of O (10~(-6)s~(-1)).The zonal propagation of LFO and the corresponding longitudinal-height structure of physical quantities are also discussed in detail.


The invention provides a backlight module and a plate lamp module. The backlight module or the plate lamp module comprises a back plate, a diffuser plate, a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, a first light modulation element, a second light modulation element and a light diverging element, wherein the diffuser plate is arranged above the back plate, and the first light-emitting element emits first light; the second light-emitting element emits second light, and the first light passing through the first light modulation element is converted into first parallel light which is in parallel with the back plate; the second light passing through the second light modulation element is converted into second parallel light which is in parallel with the back plate, and the first and second parallel light passing through the light diverging element is respectively converted into first diverging light and second diverging light; and the first diverging light and the second diverging light pass through the diffuser plate to form uniform emergent light. The weight of a display, a portable electronic device or a panel light is substantially reduced, and the backlight module or plate lamp module has the advantages of cost saving and convenience in assembly.


The issue of how to design and implement novel learning spaces that work across physical and virtual domains simultaneously is the concern of this thesis. It investigates the conceptualisation of hybrid learning spaces; the iterative development of a learning design process for teachers; and the nature of learner and teacher practice, including their roles and activities in implementing this new form of learning space. The thesis explores the challenges that teachers face in embedding novel learning designs and interventions in their practice, and the related challenges that learners face in engaging in the new forms of learning interactions that result from these novel interventions. The thesis emphasises the evolving roles and activities of the learners, how these roles and activities inform each other, and how they relate to the learning design. The changing nature of teacher design and implementation practice, including their use of the learning design framework is assessed. The thesis is comprised of two separate empirical studies, each with a distinct design and implementation aspect, and with two different populations. In the first study, the learning design process is developed by the researcher and then implemented with a group of young learners in a hybrid learning space. In the second study, a learning design process is iteratively developed by a group of teachers, and is then implemented in the hybrid space with a group of PGCE students. The thesis contributes to the literature on learning spaces, by establishing both a conceptualisation of a hybrid learning space, and a learning design process to support teachers. It contributes to the CSCL literature by examining how learners and teachers develop highly specific roles and activities to support collaboration, whilst exploring how these inform novel learning practices in the hybrid space. The thesis challenges the dominant position of scripts in the CSCL literature by arguing that support for particular interactions, closely aligned with the affordances of the hybrid space, is more effective at supporting collaboration than the outside imposition of specific roles. The thesis is grounded in a socio-constructivist epistemology, a theoretical perspective on mixed physical-digital spaces, and a methodology derived from Interaction Analysis.


$^{235}\mathrm{Pu}$ was produced by the bombardment of $^{233}\mathrm{U}$ with 30-MeV $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles and its decay was studied by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy after a chemical separation. This isotope decays predominantly by electron capture with a half-life of 25.6 min. Energies and intensities of 15 $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays have been determined. An extended decay scheme is proposed and electron-capture branching intensities are given.


Abstract In the ever increasing number of robotic system applications in the industry, the robust and fast visual recognition and pose estimation of workpieces are of utmost importance. One of the ubiquitous tasks in industrial settings is the pick-and-place task where the object recognition is often important. In this paper, we present a new implementation of a work-piece sorting system using a template matching method for recognizing and estimating the position of planar workpieces with sparse visual features. The proposed framework is able to distinguish between the types of objects presented by the user and control a serial manipulator equipped with parallel finger gripper to grasp and sort them automatically. The system is furthermore enhanced with a feature that optimizes the visual processing time by automatically adjusting the template scales. We test the proposed system in a real-world setup equipped with a UR5 manipulator and provide experimental results documenting the performance of our approach.


This paper presents a revised procedure for the international standard procedure for the measurement of laser damage threshold, ISO 11254-1. This paper presents a suggested revision of the published international standard. This paper gives a step by step recipe for the calculation of the threshold using this revised technique and gives expression of the estimation of the uncertainty in that estimate.


Summary The effects of leaf age on water relations, organic solute, and total ion accumulation were studied in mature and immature leaves of two-year-old grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Savatiano) grown under water stress conditions. Osmotic potential at full turgor decreased significantly in leaves of stressed plants, irrespective of leaf age, indicating the occurrence of an active osmotic adjustment. The apoplastic water fraction (A) increased during leaf ontogeny in both control and stressed plants. However, the values of A were lower in stressed plants. Starch concentration decreased significantly in both mature and immature leaves during the drought cycle, while the relative proportion of monosaccharides and sucrose was markedly different in immature leaves compared to mature. The accumulation of total inorganic ions, induced by drought, was also age dependent, increasing significantly with leaf age, while there were no significant differences in total amino acids content. Inorganic ions and carbohydrates seem to be the major component of osmotic adjustment in mature and immature grapevine leaves, respectively.


Previous researches indicate that the cases of malicious software infection and spread, which completely destroy computer systems, have become more frequent. Such software threats have proliferated recently but their damage ten times exceeds the damage caused by computer viruses which destroy data. Therefore, the development of mathematical model of the malicious software threats spreading with the possibility of complete computer systems destruction in order to localize them is a topical scientific task. In this article we propose a new mathematical model of malicious software spreading technology based on biological approach. It is based on PSIDR (Progressive Suspected-Infected-Detected-Recovered) model and named PSIDDR (Progressive Suspected-Infected-Detected-Destructed-Recovered). The analysis and comparative investigation of the developed model were processed and proved the expediency of its installation in stage of computer networks designing. Also the analysis and comparative investigation showed commensurability results of modeling with the known PSIDR model in low probability of malicious software attack with fatal consequences. Also the results showed a significant (more than 2 times) increase in accuracy of the simulation results in conditions of malicious software destructing ITCS (Informational Tele-Communication System) hardware components.


Some theoretical and practical aspects of finite element modelling of dynamic fracture in composites are discussed. Our concerns are devoted to composites characterized by material symmetries, showing a typical orthotropic or transversely isotropic structure. Our aim is to apply cohesive theories of fracture (interface laws), now widely accepted and validated in isotropic materials, to anisotropic material. Specifically, we consider transversely isotropic fibre-reinforced polymeric matrix composites (graphite-epoxy). Recent research programs demonstrated the existence of a strong relationship between the fracture toughness and the fibre orientation. A cohesive law can easily be modified in order to account for such dependence. In the same way, self-adaptive algorithms that permit the explicit simulation of dynamic fracture processes (by performing topological changes of the finite element mesh) can be easily modified to include this relationship.


High purity SbPO4 hollow spheres assembled by nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by a template-free solvothermal reaction in a mixed solvent of water, ethanol, and oleic acid. The synthetic conditions for the hollow sphere SbPO4 were monitored by a series of time-resolved experiments and further optimized by adjusting the solvent ratio and pH value in the reaction system. Based on XRD and SEM characterization, it is interesting to reveal a phase conversion process from Sb4O5Cl2 to SbPO4 as well as morphology evolution. The phase and morphology transition mechanism was discussed from the chemical equilibrium perspective. Size distributions of Sb4O5Cl2 and SbPO4 samples were in a narrow range of 7 to 13 μm. The Sb4O5Cl2 spheres were constructed in situ by nanosheets, which act as self-sacrificed templates for the SbPO4 hollow spheres. Room-temperature alternative current impedance measurements indicate that the permittivity for the SbPO4 hollow spheres is as high as 130 at 40 Hz, which obviously originates from the interfacial effects with numerous carriers blocked. The synthetic methodology reported in this work can be applied to a broad class of assembled nanostructures for optimization of dielectric performance.


In this paper, we study fuzzy dependencies among attributes, between the attributes and methods in a fuzzy object class basing on approximate semantic. Similarly in the precise/fuzzy relational database, we present the definition of fuzzy attribute dependency, fuzzy method dependency and the inferences rules of it on object-oriented database model with fuzzy information and uncertainty.


This study was conducted to identify resistance sources against the newly documented pathotypes (P5 and P6) of Sporisorium reilianum, causing sorghum head smut. A subset of 67 sorghum association panel (SAP) accessions, 29 in 2017 and 38 in 2018 along with checks BTx635 (resistant) and BTx643 (susceptible) were screened in the greenhouse against P5 and P6 pathotypes in two separate experiments in both years. At 18 to 20 days after planting, accessions were inoculated by injecting the seedlings below the apical meristem with sporidial suspensions following an established inoculation procedure. Three accessions (PI656091, PI533919, and PI533821) in 2017 and 17 accessions (PI597961, PI656071, PI656048, PI576435, PI534075, PI534145, PI656057, PI576437, PI651492, PI656014, PI656025, PI655999, PI656010, PI656082, PI534123, PI533927, PI656100) in 2018 were identified as potential resistant sources to both P5 and P6 pathotypes of S. reilianum. These SAP accessions are new sources that can be further used to develop new breeding parental lines and hybrids and mapping populations for quantitative trait loci markers closely linked to head smut resistance.


On the wide research front which is roughly designated by "projective tests," but perhaps more accurately by "misperception tests" (1), few recent advances have been so promising as that connected with music perception. The powerful and immediate connection of musical stimulation with emotional experience, and the many indications that unconscious needs gain satisfaction through this medium, have long pointed to measures of musical preference as effective avenues to deeper aspects of personality. Moreover, the lack of verbal content is itself, on general principles, a promise that the verbal, cognitive defenses of the censor may be by-passed and the emotional needs probed more directly without distortion by defense elaborations.


This article focuses on new boundary issues that have emerged from the encounter of modern science from abroad and local foodstuffs exemplified by the caterpillar fungus in Republican China (1912–49). The caterpillar fungus was believed in premodern Chinese society to be able to reversibly transform from a blade of grass to a worm, thereby crossing boundaries between two species. It had different uses, ranging from a culinary ingredient to a medicinal substance, and in this way also crossed boundaries of identity. At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientific scholarship from Japan began to bring new perceptions of the fungus to Chinese society through translation. Modern science expanded human vision into the microscopic structure of the caterpillar fungus, and deconstructed it into two nontransformable species grouped with other similar species. The Chinese term for it also entered the Japanese language. However, the category of the term was broadened, crossing the boundary between the caterpillar fungus and other similar species, thereby indicating semantic boundaries of shared vocabulary. As local food or material culture in Republican China engaged scientific attention, the caterpillar fungus as a disenchanted wonder of nature sometimes transformed into a scientific wonder, eliciting new explorations within different scientific boundaries. The new scholarship led to tensions and negotiations between domains of knowledge about this organism but would not necessarily drive out the vernacular culinary or medical expertise. The emergent boundary issues overall depict both rupture and continuity in modern Chinese food knowledge.


I would like to thank the NZIMLS for the opportunity to attend the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) annual meeting in Boston, October 6-9, 2012. Receiving the Barrie Edwards and Rod Kennedy Scholarship made it possible for me to attend this conference.


ABSTRACT As Nigeria marked its centennial in 2014, violent sectarianism pried open a historical debate about whether 'amalgamation' of the country's two former regions by British authorities in 1914 was a 'mistake'. Even before independence, however, self-interested nationalism restrained self-interested regionalism, sustaining unification. I argue that a 'parallel institutionalism' has ever since mediated the nation's heterogeneity through two different visions of representation. A long pause in state creation, a reduction in the Effective Number of Parties, and declining relevance of a pact that facilitated the 1999 democratic transition have revealed latent tensions in the status of multicultural institutionalism and strengthened liberal institutionalism. I then analyse how demographic, economic, and migratory trends are slowly transforming the structure of representation, placing dilemmas of parallel institutionalism at the centre of future nationhood. Additional research could explore a natural experiment between the northeast, which is facing an Islamic insurgency, and the northwest, which is not.


The frost table depth is a critical state variable for hydrological modelling in cold regions as frozen ground controls runoff generation, subsurface water storage and the permafrost regime. Calculation of the frost table depth is typically performed using a modified version of the Stefan equation, which is driven with the ground surface temperature. Ground surface temperatures have usually been estimated as linear functions of air temperature, referred to as 'n‐factors' in permafrost studies. However, these linear functions perform poorly early in the thaw season and vary widely with slope, aspect and vegetation cover, requiring site‐specific calibration. In order to improve estimation of the ground surface temperature and avoid site‐specific calibration, an empirical radiative–conductive–convective (RCC) approach is proposed that uses air temperature, net radiation and antecedent frost table position as driving variables. The RCC algorithm was developed from forested and open sites on the eastern slope of the Coastal Mountains in southern Yukon, Canada, and tested at a high‐altitude site in the Canadian Rockies, and a peatland in the southern Northwest Territories. The RCC approach performed well in a variety of land types without any local calibration and particularly improved estimation of ground temperature compared with linear functions during the first month of the thaw season, with mean absolute errors <2 °C in seven of the nine sites tested. An example of the RCC approach coupled with a modified Stefan thaw equation suggests a capability to represent frozen ground conditions that can be incorporated into hydrological and permafrost models of cold regions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The experiment was conducted at Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR- IIHR, Aiginia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during kharif seasons of 2018 in collaboration with Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, to study the seed germination, days taken to reach grafting stage and grafting success (percentage) of rootstock and scion seeds used for grafting. The cultivated and wild species of brinjal and tomato were used as rootstocks with tomato Arka Rakshak F1 hybrid as scion. The experiment was conducted with 13 root stocks following statistical design CRD with three replications in pro trays to find out better root stock for grafting. A significant difference was recorded for the rootstock and scion parameters. Utkal Anushree had taken minimum number of days (6.67 days) for germination and the wild Solanum torvum had taken maximum number of days (16.67 days) to germinate, On the other hand, Arka Rakshak took least number of days (34.33 days) to reach grafting stage while the wild Solanum torvum reached to grafting stage within 56 days. The grafting success percentage ranged from 74.67 to 96 percent. Maximum grafting success (%) was recorded in Solanum torvum whereas minimum grafting success (%) was observed in S. sisymbriifolium wild solanum spp. root stock.


Results on three-nucleon (3N) elastic scattering and breakup below the pion production threshold are discussed. The large discrepancies found between a theory based on numerical solutions of 3N Faddeev equations with standard nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials only and data point to the need for three-nucleon forces (3NF's). This notion is supported by the fact that another possible reason for the discrepancies in elastic nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering, relativistic effects, turned out to be small. Results for a new generation of chiral NN forces (up to N 4 LO) together with theoretical truncation errors are shown. They support conclusions obtained with standard NN potentials


Existing discourse formalisms use different taxonomies of discourse relations, which require expert knowledge to understand, posing a challenge for annotation and automatic classification. We show that discourse relations can be effectively captured by some simple cognitively inspired dimensions proposed by Sanders et al.(2018). Our experiments on cross-framework discourse relation classification (PDTB&RST) demonstrate that it is possible to transfer knowledge of discourse relations for one framework to another framework by means of these dimensions, in spite of differences in discourse segmentation of the two frameworks. This manifests the effectiveness of these dimensions in characterizing discourse relations across frameworks. Ablation studies reveal that different dimensions influence different types of discourse relations. The patterns can be explained by the role of dimensions in characterizing and distinguishing different relations. We also report our experimental results on automatic prediction of these dimensions.


A children's village project in Tanzania, funded entirely by an Australian not-for-profit organisation, has won a major architectural award; providing the perfect completion to a difficult journey. Jonathan Green explains.


The paper analyses the reason of inaccurate information of accounting at present, and it puts forward relevant solving fundamental methods and concrete methods .


Although Mendel published his genetic studies on peas in 1866 it was not until the end of the last century that his work was understood and taken up by other scientists. In 1898, Farrer (48) discovered that resistance to rust in wheat is inherited. Biffen's discovery in 1905 (9) that resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) in wheat obeys Mendel's laws caused a breakthrough in breeding for disease resistance and the understanding of the genetics of plant-fungus interactions. The optimism induced by Biffen's studies led him and other scientists to the conclusion that resistance to this fungus would be durable, as it was expected that the fungus would evolve too slowly to overcome the introduced resistance gene. Only a decade later, however, Stakman and coworkers (126, 127), studying resistance in wheat to wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f . sp. trifici), were able to show that resistance


Literature is our way to experience the world through the imagination. The literature of imagination inteprets experience by a fictitious concerned with actual truth or particular event. There some literary works, like poems, novels, plays, and short stories. Values in literature are the same as values in life. This study uses content analysis design. The data was taken from The Dangerous Game written by Amina bint Al Huda. The finding shows that there are some values that people can get from the literature such as the religious values and the social values as in to find a spouse and to live as husband and wife. Religious values refer to religion system, it has strongest basic of truth than other values. This value can arise confidence, belief and faith, then people can realize that they just a creature of God, a weak creature that the Almighty has all the allowance to decide His creature's destiny. Keywords: religious values, short story, The Dangerous Game


Modification of activated carbon (AC) with different acid solution might result in various surface oxygen groups,which can enhance the anchoring interaction between AC support and metal precursor and change the dispersion and basicity of the catalyst.The influence of HCl,HNO3,and HF treatment on RbNO3-KF/AC catalyst in the gas-phase synthesis of C2F5I by reaction of C2HF5 with I2 and O2 was studied.The pore structure and the surface chemical properties of the AC support were investigated by N2 adsorption-desorption and Boehm titration.The dispersion and basicity of the catalyst before and after acid treatment were investigated by CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.It was found that after the HCl treatment,the RbNO3-KF/AC(HCl) catalyst has high dispersion and moderately basicity,which is helpful for the enhancement of catalytic activity for C2F5I synthesis.The catalyst dispersion is in the order RbNO3-KF/AC(HNO3) RbNO3-KF/AC(HF) RbNO3-KF/AC(HCl) RbNO3-KF/AC.The same sequence is also observed for the amount of acid surface oxygen groups on AC,but not for the weak basicity of the catalyst.The key role of acid treatment on the AC surface chemistry and moderate basic sites,which are closely related to catalyst dispersion and basicity,is examined to rationalize these findings.


Summary Oral amantadine (3 x 100 mg/day for 3 days) had no effeet on basal GH values in 6 subjeets (3 with untreated Parkin son's disease). The drug did, however, boost L-DOPA sti mulation of GH, so that a positive response was also obtain ed in 2 subjects who had failed to respond to L-DOPA alone.