In this study, an investigation was carried out into the occurrence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in the effluent of the university hospital (HUSM) of the UFSM. The degradation of these antimicrobials by the electrocoagulation (EC) process was also examined, in both the aqueous solution and hospital effluent, and a study was conducted in order to identify the subproducts formed. The experiments were optimized through factorial planning and, also, checked by response surface methodology. The best conditions for EC (achieving 58.0% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction) were obtained by using 13 mA cm -2 , 500 mg L -1 of NaCl, and 30mm of interelectrode distance. The quantification of SMX (27.8 μg L -1 ) and TMP (6.65 μg L -1 ) in the hospital effluent, and the identification of the degradation products were carried out through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quadrupole linear and ion trapping with electrospray ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS_QTrap). Removals of 88.0% (degradation only) and 33.0% (adsorption only) were achieved for aqueous solutions of SMX and TMP, respectively, under optimized conditions. In hospital effluent samples, fortified with additions of SMX and TMP, corresponding removals of 16.0% (degradation) and 28.0% (adsorption) were achieved. This suggests that the EC process is efficient in degrading SMX in aqueous solution, although the same was not the case with TMP. The degradation products of SMX were identified (m/z 256.0 and 288.5); however, only the latter is mentioned in the literature. Toxicological aspects were not considered in this study.


For the problem of false coin detection,the electromagnetic characteristics of different material coins was analyzed according to the electromagnetic testing theory.A coin discrimination method based on specified excitation current was proposed and a special electromagnetic sensor was developed,meanwhile,an intelligent device based on MCU and with the functions of electromagnetic excitation,signal extraction,coin identification,sound alarm,learning and memory.Experimental results show that the intelligent detection device can identify the authenticity of a coin quickly and effectively.The device have obtained national patent.


Harry Magdoff sat down to talk in front of a video camera in April 2003, three weeks before the conference "Imperialism Today" sponsored by Monthly Review in honor of his ninetieth birthday. An edited version of his remarks would be shown on a large screen at the start of the conference. But Harry has much to say that will be left on the cutting room floor, not because it lacks relevance, but because the time for the video is short, and a good portion of it will be devoted to how he became a socialist. Here, then, are Harry's thoughts on capitalism, imperialism, the United States-and Iraq. (Note: the transcript of the interview was edited in July 2003 under Harry's supervision to fill in a number of deteils.) During the interview, Harry completely ignores the camera and videographer. Dressed in a flannel shirt and dark blue sweatpants, he talks easily and fluently, though he has had a sleepless night. Even approaching ninety, his mind is clear, his words crisp, his gaze strong.-H.G.


Background: The impact of time from diagnosis to chemotherapy initiation (time to treatment, TTT) for AML has been a topic of ongoing debate. A prior study reported that TTT ≥5 days adversely impacted overall survival in younger ( 10 days) and older patients (>5 days). Prior data also showed no impact of TTT on early mortality. Given these conflicting findings, consensus on the impact of TTT on survival is lacking and warrants further study. Using prospectively collected population-based data, we analyzed a large cohort of adult AML patients to examine the effect of TTT on overall survival. Methods: Using data from the California Cancer Registry and Patient Discharge Dataset between 1999-2012, patients≥15years diagnosed with de novo AML and who received inpatient treatment between 1-90 days from diagnosis were identified (n=5337). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with TTT>5 days vs 1-5 days with data presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect of TTT on overall and 60-day survival was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with TTT (1-5, 6-10,>10 days)considered as a time-dependent variable. Patients were stratified by age group ( Results: Of the 2659 patients 5 days increased with age in both younger and older patients. Across both age groups, patients requiringleukapheresis(age 5 days. Younger (age 5 days (OR 1.43, CI 1.04-1.97). Delaying chemotherapy >10 days (vs 1-5 days) adversely impacted overall survival in both age groups (age 10 days (vs 1-5 days) (Table). Conclusions: In a large cohort of patients with de novo AML, TTT of up to 10 days did not have a negative impact on overall survival in patients over the age of 60. In younger patients ( 5 days was associated with decreased overall survival. Delaying chemotherapy over 5 days adversely impacted 60-day survival in both age groups. Our observation that patients were more likely to have a shorter TTT at non-NCI designated hospitals may relate to delays associated with transfer to or clinical trial enrollment at NCI centers. Our results suggest that waiting to get results of ancillary testing, such as cytogenetic and molecular mutation analyses, in order to inform treatment decisions for AML patients, may be feasible in some patients with AML. In an era of rapidly evolving prognostic and treatment landscapes for AML, our findings may have implications for personalized therapy, including novel targeted therapies, and clinical trial design for patients withAML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In this paper we present a content planning system which takes into consideration a user's boredom and cognitive overload Our system applies a constraint-based optimization mechanism which maximizes a probabilistic function of a user's beliefs, and uses a representation of boredom and overload as constraints that affect the possible values of this function Further, we discuss two orthogonal policies for relaxing the parameters of the communication process when these constraints are violated conveying less information or breaking up the material into smaller chunks.


We report infrared observations of the planetary nebula Hen 2‐113 obtained with VLT/NACO, VLTI/MIDI, VLT/ISAAC and TIMMI at the ESO 3.6m. Hen 2‐113 exhibits a clear ring‐like structure superimposed to a more diffuse environment visible in the L′ (3.8 μm), M′ (4.78 μm) and 8.7 μm bands. No clear core at 8.7 μm and no fringes through the N band could be detected for this object with MIDI. A qualitative interpretation of the object structure is proposed using a diabolo‐like geometrical model. Our ISAAC and TIMMI observations indicate that the PAHs are mostly concentrated towards the lobes of the diabolo and the bipolar lobes of the nebula. In L′ band, a void 0.3″ in diameter was discovered with NACO around the central source. The L′ and M′ fluxes from the central source were derived from NACO data indicating an important infrared excess with respect to the expected stellar emission based on stellar models and short wavelength data. The observed flux from this source in the L′ and M′ is about 300 and 800 time...


This study aimed to put forward the research plan for the construction of tropic agriculture database system in order to resolve the existing problems in China's tropical agriculture resources.According to this plan,a database system framework of tropical agriculture was formulated,a series of tropical agriculture database and a database resources platform were established to realize the information sharing online and provide reference to the relevant micro-decision making departments and reliable information resources to the research,education and production of tropical agriculture.


Coffee bean contains bioactive compounds including caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) that have a stimulant effect and are used for combating fatigue and drowsiness, and enhancing alertness. However, when the coffee bean was processed in the form of green coffee bean (GCB) extract, it has an unpleasant flavour and limitations instability, activity, and bioavailability. This study aimed to produce microcapsules of the GCB (Coffea canephora) ethanolic extract containing considerable amounts of the bioactive compounds for nutraceutical supplements. The GCB ethanolic extract was microencapsulated by spray drying using a whey protein concentrate (WPC) biopolimer. The particle size (PSA), morphology (SEM), and physicochemical characteristics (UV and LC-MS/MS), as well as radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of the microcapsule were determined. We found that the microencapsulation yield was 95.85% of the extract, with the particle mean of volume diameter was 1.312 µm (span value: 1.285 µm). The morphology of microcapsule particles was irregular microspheres with dense, smooth, wrinkle and shrivel, compact, and homogeneous surface. The microcapsule demonstrated the caffeine content of 15.25%, the CGA content of 8.52%, the total phenolic content of 1794.7 ± 77.0 mg GAE/100g and the radical scavenging activity of 179.23 µg/mL.
The WPC can be used to encapsulate the GCB extract by using spray drying microencapsulation to produce a high yield microcapsule with a smaller and narrower particle diameter. This microencapsulation was able to engulf and package unpleasant flavor and aroma, and to preserve considerable amounts of the bioactive compounds.


Capillary column analysis of volatile organics has been approved be the EPA for use in several methods. Currently the EPA has several different method for the analysis of volatile organics, including packed and capillary methods. This paper presents a comparison between the methods and between packed and capillary columns.


Taku Glacier is the largest glacier draining the Juneau Icefield, and reaches tidewater near the mouth of the Taku River. Taku Glacier historically calved icebergs into a 100-m-deep tidal basin but...


The improvement of fish immunity is a critical factor in successful aquaculture. In recent years, the use of garlic (Allium sativum) as an immunostimulant has attracted researchers and farmers' interest in enhancing fish's health and disease resistance. This abstract discusses an overview of the use of garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture. Garlic is widely known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunostimulant properties. Several studies have evaluated the effects of garlic supplementation on various species of cultured fish. The results have shown that the administration of garlic in fish feed can enhance immune responses, such as increased immune enzyme activity and antibody production. Furthermore, active components in garlic, such as allicin and diallyl sulfide, have been proven effective against fish pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture still requires further research. Factors such as the appropriate dosage, interactions with farming conditions, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms must be considered. To optimise the use of garlic, further research is required to explore optimal dosages, interactions with environmental factors, and a better understanding of its effects on fish immune responses. In conclusion, garlic as an immunostimulant in aquaculture shows promising potential. The oral administration of garlic extract through the fish feed is capable of preventing infections by Aeromonas sp. and Aeromonas hydrophila in fish species such as Tawes, Catfish, Dumbo catfish, and Nile tilapia, while also enhancing non-specific immunity, such as increased total hematocrit, total haemoglobin, total erythrocytes, and phagocytic activity.


In this paper, we will propose TeLQAS, which is an ontology-based natural language question/answering system for the domain of Telecommunication Technologies. In an online process, the system accepts the users' questions in English, and after retrieving the related text documents from either its local database or web; it summarizes the retrieved text documents with the highest relevance. The privilege of the system is that it is capable of extracting the related text documents automatically from the collections on the web in an offline process using a beneficial text categorization mechanism based on the concepts in the system ontology. It will then store them in its local database. We have developed a prototype for the proposed system in the domain of Optical Telecommunication. The experimental results of the prototype for a collection of 100 different questions in the optical telecommunication domain, shows that TeLQAS has a good accuracy in comparison with other similar question/answering systems.


Pre-shared entanglement can significantly boost communication rates in the high thermal noise and low-brightness transmitter regime. In this regime, for a lossy-bosonic channel with additive thermal noise, the ratio between the entanglement-assisted capacity and the Holevo capacity—the maximum reliable-communications rate permitted by quantum mechanics without any pre-shared entanglement—scales as log(1 / ¯ N S ), where the mean transmitted photon number per mode, ¯ N S (cid:28) 1. Thus, pre-shared entanglement, e.g., distributed by the quantum internet or a satellite-assisted quantum link, promises to significantly improve low-power radio-frequency communications. In this paper, we propose a pair of structured quantum transceiver designs that leverage continuous-variable pre-shared entanglement generated, e.g., from a downconversion source, binary phase modulation, and non-Gaussian joint detection over a codeword block, to achieve this scaling law of capacity enhancement. Further, we describe a modification to the aforesaid receiver using a front-end that uses sum-frequency generation sandwiched with dynamically-programmable in-line two-mode squeezers, and a receiver back-end that takes full advantage of the output of the receiver's front-end by employing a non-destructive multimode vacuum-or-not measurement to achieve the entanglement-assisted classical communications capacity.


THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN RESPONSE TO CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES by Sharon Bancroft, Bachelor of Science A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Regional Planning at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Major Director: Dr. Michela Zonta, Assistant Professor, L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Community development corporations (CDCs) have become important vehicles for revitalizing urban neighborhoods. These small, multi-disciplinary groups must adapt quickly to changing conditions in the industry. The author interviewed CDC directors and other industry experts from Richmond, Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia to identify and compare contemporary challenges, opportunities and adaptations among community developers. The cost and availability of land, inadequate funding and organizational capacity were significant barriers in both cities. In Richmond, increasing competition, NIMBY and staff retention were other barriers. In Atlanta, securing community buy-in, the permitting process, and the growing need for affordable housing were other barriers. Increasing public interest in affordable housing, the need for new housing types and increased housing demand present new opportunities. Atlanta also has new public policies supporting housing. In response, CDCs in both cities are expanding their geographic areas, developing partnerships, and adding new development products. Atlanta CDCs also reported expanding non-development activities.


Runge-Kutta methods are efficient methods of computations in differential equations, the classical Runge-Kutta method of order 4 happens to be the most popular of these methods, and most times it is attached to the mind when Runge-Kutta methods are mentioned. However, there are numerous forms of them existing in lower and higher orders of the classical method. This work investigates the linear stabilities and abilities of some selected explicit members of these Runge-Kutta methods in integrating the singular Lane-Emden differential equations. The results obtained established the ability of the classical Runge-Kutta method and why is mostly used in computations.


Glass forming materials are characterized by a complex relaxation pattern, which evolves over several time decades. Dielectric spectroscopy has proven particularly useful for studying such scenario as it is able to monitor the dielectric dynamics of a system over a range up to 16 time decades. In this work we study effect of thermodynamic history on activation volume of secondary relaxation inside the glassy forming systems, Poly[(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde], (PPGE) and 1,18-bis (p methoxyphenyl) cyclohexane (BMPC), with two different type of secondary relaxation. Our results show that at bout systems, activation volume of secondary depends to the thermodynamic history.


The standardization of resources spatiotemporal information had become an important part of mineral resource planning.Against to the requests of mineral resources planning,AutoCAD mapping technology and geographic information system(GIS) management technology were combined.Spatial and non-spatial data were pre-processed by using convenient graphics operation and editing capability of AutoCAD,and then through the powerful spatial analysis and database Construction of ArcGIS to integrate data management and visualize expression.By this way,a form from data acquisition to the final outcome of technology planning process was explored to solve technical issues of the traditional mineral resources planning in the graphical data acquisition difficulties,data management difficult,low achieve accuracy of complicated process,graphics associated with the data to show.Practice showed that the technology methods and greatly improved the planning process efficiency,shorten the planning cycle and made the subsequent planning and management work more convenient,efficient and faster,which provided technical support and help for mineral resources planning's digitization and informationization.


In this paper, we build a theoretical-philosophical interlacing that aims to discuss the relationship between Mathematical Modeling and the reality of the cyberworld. This reality is particularly viewed as a possible vector of virtualization, i.e. as an element that enables the transformation of the perception of the problem involving a particular situation or entity. To do so, we make an association between mathematical modeling and transformations that involve the ways of being denoted by real, possible, current and virtual, through the four Aristotelian causes. Complementing this association, we assume a conception of problem that allows a consolidation among the established relationships and also a conception of reality that sees the cyberworld as one of its dimensions. Finally, we present an example of mathematical modeling from the classroom, aiming to characterize the reality of the cyberworld as a vector of virtualization.


The electrochemical degradation of aniline was investigated using a novel electrochemical reactor, three_dimensional electrode reactor. The experimental results indicated that the reactor could efficiently remove aniline. The removal efficiency could be attributed to a combination of direct and indirect electrochemical reactions,that is,anodic oxidation and oxidation of electrogenerated H 2O 2 and hydroxyl radicals generated in electro_Fenton process. It was also observed that the removal efficiency was significantly dependent on applied voltage,Fe 2+ concentration,pH value and electrolysis time. In the experimental range they all have a positive effect on the removal efficiency except for pH value. Furthermore,hydroxyl radicals generated in electro_Fenton process was confirmed whith the method of spin_trapping ESR.


Tardigrades are well known for their capacity to enter an anhydrobiotic state, and remain ametabolic for several years. Yet the evolutionary background, and the forces of natural selection that act on anhydrobiotic capacity have remained unexplored. In this paper, I review the basic problem of anhydrobiosis and the phenotypic traits that may be the main targets of natural selection for improved anhydrobiotic capacity. I also make an attempt to put anhydrobiosis into a life history perspective, and discuss this life form in the perspective of energetic and genetic constraints.


Does a candidate's pathway to parliament affect subsequent legislative roles and behavior? Party candidate nomination processes in Canada are very decentralized, with responsibility for candidate selection allocated to the local constituency associations. However, candidates may also secure a nomination by being "parachuted" into a constituency: appointed by the party leader as the candidate who will stand for the party in the general election. This practice is most common in the Liberal Party of Canada, and as such we study this party's candidates in the six most recent elections (between 1993 and 2008) in order to explore both (a) the characteristics of parachuted and locally nominated MPs; and (b) the legislative consequences of parachuting candidates into constituencies. We find that party leaders are using the power of appointment to recruit both star candidates and women into the House of Commons, but that appointed candidates from each of these groups serve very different roles in Parliament. We find a strong link between nomination method and subsequent legislative roles and activities: parachuted candidates are much more likely to serve in high-profile legislative positions while locally nominated candidates are more likely to engage in low-profile legislative activities. The process by which candidates come to stand for election, we argue, directly affects the nature of representation by Members of Parliament in the legislature, and has implications for the study of candidate nomination and legislative roles in parties in other democracies.


Power Cues: The Subtle Science of Leading Groups, Persuading Others, and Maximizing Your Personal Impact, by Nick Morgan. 2014. Boston MA: Harvard Business Review Press. 262 Pages. $25.00Power Cues: The Subtle Science of Leading Groups, Persuading Others, and Maximizing Your Personal Impact, is written for anyone, particularly those in leadership positions, wanting to improve communication skills and to become effective and persuasive communicators. This book reveals the significance of both verbal and nonverbal communication and how our unconscious human behavior impacts our interpersonal verbal and nonverbal communication with others. It shows how our social connections with one-on-one interactions, being a part of a team or being in front of an audience of people, can shape, persuade and even change opinions and personal belief systems, if used effectively.Nick Morgan begins this book reflecting on different defining moments in his early life. Describing his relationships with family members, co-workers and other significant people in his life, including the key and prominent leader, the Dalai Lama. Morgan's experiences shaped his self-awareness by helping him be cognizant of how unconscious messages impact the conscious messages we deliver to others. The author describes the aspects of unconscious thinking having to do "with your so-called intuition, your reading of other's attitudes, emotions and intents and the control of your own body language, broadly defined to include your voice and posture as well as your mannerisms and gestures."According to the author, recent scientific research of the brain reveals that people communicate through body language, gestures, and voice, and that "when you communicate with someone else, the two of you align your brain patterns, even if you don't agree with the other person." This author announces this good news by stating that if we take the verbal and nonverbal communication with an increase in self-awareness of our unconscious, we can tap into a hidden power that can have a positive impact on our communications with others. It can help us to speak to others in a charismatic way no matter what subject is being discussed.Morgan outlines seven power cue steps in practical terms of how one can become more self-aware and in sync with our unconscious selves to develop necessary skills such as reading the body language of others. This, in turn, impacts our ability to lead and communicate effectively and charismatically. Power Cues outlines seven effective strategies that can help one to become self-aware of gestures and unconscious communication by bringing these concepts to the forefront of knowing. This will assist us to become conscious communicators with others in day-to-day conversations, in groups and in presentations. The first step in becoming more self-aware is to participate in a self-assessment of how our gestures and body language impact others and if it aligns with our speech. How do we talk, stand or sit before others we are speaking to? What are we doing with our posture and hands?Next, we must focus on our tone of voice, facial expressions and emotions. Focusing on these will help us prepare for important meetings, conversations and presentations. This will give us the edge in grabbing the audience's attention and affects whether or not we engage or disengage the person(s) we are speaking to. …


Viewed broadly, programming projects fail far more often than they succeed. In some cases, failure is a useful step toward success, but all too often it is simply failure.


Iodinated radiographic contrast agents are drugs very useful in clinical practice to improve the visibility of internal organs and structures in X-ray based imaging techniques. Their use keeps increasing, particularly in less healthy and older patients, with one or more comorbid conditions, such as advanced vascular disease, severe long-standing hypertension, diabetes and impairment of renal function. However, they may have side effects the most frequent being Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN). After a short description of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CIN, the conditions favoring the development of CIN in patients are discussed, the main ones being pre-existing renal impairment, particularly if secondary to diabetic nephropathy, salt depletion and dehydration, congestive heart failure, age greater than 70 years and concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs. Then the measures to prevent CIN are suggested, beginning with monitoring renal function, discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, use of either iodixanol or iopamidol at the lowest dosage possible. The main procedure for prevention of CIN is an adequate hydration of the patient with either oral water intake or isotonic sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate infusion. (A long list of references is provided that will enable readers a deep evaluation of the topic).


This paper outlines the key administrative tools (planning, organizing, directing and controlling) employed by a general organizations (public or private companies) with a study in the Scriptures, seeking examples of the use of these tools and how they might be used as aid for efficient and effective management of the churches.


The paper gives an outline of the work on standardization in the area of identification and description of documents. The regular revision of the standard ISO 3297 Information and documentation - International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is described. Different phases of revision are enumerated. The main issues of the revision and the solutions proposed by the ISSN Standard Revision Working Group are presented. The new elements in the text of the committee draft are described.


Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are dangerous and expensive. Idiosyncratic ADRs, especially the difficult to predict, rare and severe hypersensitivity‐driven ADRs, are the leading cause of medicine withdrawal and termination of clinical development. At the same time, a large proportion of drugs are not associated with hypersensitivity driven ADRs, offering hope that new medicines could avoid them entirely with reliable predictors of risk. Hypersensitivity driven ADRs are caused by the formation of chemically reactive metabolites by metabolic enzymes. These reactive metabolites covalently attach to proteins to become immunogenic and provoke an ADR.


Constructing harmonious society is the inevitable demand of constrcting harmonious universities.The foundation of harmonious universities is harmonious personal relationship the construction of which has to depend on excellent students who respect teachers and the elderly and unite students.Graduation eduction in college students has its important theoretical consequences and practical significance.The author believes that the implementation of gratitude education is beneficial to promoting universities'spirit of teaching and learning,the realization of the goal of talent development and to the healthy development of college students' body and mind.The paper analyzes the existing problems on gratitude education,such as its dogmatic form;education breaking away from society;formulaic appraisal system;disagreement of college students'knowledge and practice;stereotyped education results;unfavorable effects of behavior guidance.At last,the paper puts forward some methods of promoting college students' gratitude education,which are: 1) combination of education and harmonious campus culture;2) the full play of teachers and administrators in the emotional level;3) working from trivialness.


Mutual inductance coupling-based electromagnetic sensors utilize the quasi-static or dynamic magnetic excitation and sensing signals to detect the multiaxis deformation. The compact size and high sensitivity allow their application in tiny and precise measurement systems, such as space-confined minimally invasive surgery. Until now, however, there has not been any theoretical derivation of the relationship between microdeformation and obtained electromagnetic signals yet. To address this problem, this paper presents a triaxial deformation sensor with corresponding measurement electronics based on lock-in technique to pick up the sensing signals for deformation reconstruction. Simulations and experiments were carried out to explore the relationship between mutual inductance and triaxial deformation, including longitudinal compression from 3 to 4.8 mm, inclination angle from −20° to 20 °, and orientation angle from 0 ° to 360 °. The results indicate that the orientation angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be expressed in terms of arctan function of the mutual inductance and longitudinal compression <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved through polynomial fitting method. The inclination angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> shows a linearity with the mutual inductance components along <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> direction when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is fixed, and the linear coefficient changes with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, the deformation was reconstructed with the average errors of 0.00037 mm, 0.9199 °, and 0.000026 ° and the corresponding root-mean-square errors of 0.0144 mm, 1.3608 °, and 0.1356 ° for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The reconstruction algorithms and measurement circuit will promote the application of microtriaxial deformation sensors in high precision displacement measurement and multiaxis force sensing systems.


Eukaryotic cell cycle progresses via four phases, G1, S, G2, and M in that order. Each phase can start only after the previous phase has been completed. The molecular mechanism on how this is accomplished was first genetically studied by Weinert and Hartwell (77) using S. cerevisiae and they designated this phenomenon checkpoint control. The first example of the checkpoint was the DNA damage checkpoint; the cell cycle arrests at G2 until the damage in DNA is repaired. Since then checkpoint controls have been found in other than DNA damage such as those checking replication errors, spindle integrity, nuclear position, etc. Each checkpoint has been found to be a key point of cell cycle regulation, therefore, checkpoint study became a central subject in cell cycle investigation. Here we concentrate our attention on the spindle checkpoint in S. cerevisiae. Progression of mitosis Mitosis is a mechanism to correctly divide the replicated genetic material into two daughter cells. Mitosis is started by activation of MPF, a complex consisting of Cdk1 and mitotic cyclin, and ends by abolishing the MPF activity by destruction of the mitotic cyclin or by accumulating the Cdk inhibitor, Sic1. Another key step of mitosis is the metaphase-anaphase transition which is stimulated by destruction of an anaphase inhibitor, Pds1 (80, 81), by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The spindle checkpoint is a monitoring system of these processes to ensure the correct partitioning of the replicated chromosomes. The sister chromatids remain unseparated until the onset of anaphase


A method for improving the thermal schemes of steam turbine installations of thermal power plants with the replacement of one low-pressure surface-type heater with a mixing-type low-pressure heater is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of low-pressure surface and mixing type heaters are presented. A scheme for including a low-pressure mixing type heater in the regenerative heating system of a steam turbine plant is considered. The calculation of determining the additional power of the turbine plant when using a combined regeneration system was carried out. It presented that it is more efficient to use for regenerative water heating at thermal power plants mainly low-pressure surface heaters and, partially, mixing-type heaters. The use of a mixing-type heat exchanger in the thermal circuits of medium-power steam turbine plants leads to an increase in thermal efficiency and the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle of the plant as a whole. An increase in the power of the turbine plant due to the elimination of undercooling in the heaters is shown.


The supplementary and complementary relationship between imparting knowledge and educating people is discussed from the angles of education essence. In the course of education, students should make a thorough study of the internal scientific relation of their own discipline as well as the scientific truth and the materialistic thoughts of the contents of the discipline. As a result, teachers takes dual responsibility to improve their virtues and refine their achievements.


This work was financed by JACUMAR (Secretary of Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) and Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca, Alimentacio i Aigua (Generalitat Valenciana).


Theoretical work suggests that collective spatiotemporal behaviour of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) can be modulated by annular lipids sheathing their hydrophobic moiety. Here, we present evidence for this prediction in a natural membrane by investigating the mechanism that maintains steady amount of active isoform of Lck kinase (LckA) by Lck trans-autophosphorylation offset by the phosphatase CD45. We gauged experimental suitability by quantitation of CD45 and LckA subcellular localisation, LckA generation as a function of Lck and pharmacological perturbation. Steady LckA was challenged by swapping Lck membrane anchor with structurally divergent ones expected to substantially modify Lck annular lipids, such as that of Src or the transmembrane domains of LAT, CD4, palmitoylation-defective CD4 and CD45, respectively. The data showed only small alteration of LckA, except for CD45 hydrophobic anchor that thwarted LckA, due to excessive lateral proximity to CD45. The data are best explained by annular lipids facilitating or penalising IMPs' lateral proximity, hence modulating IMPs protein-protein functional interactions. Our findings can contribute to improve the understanding of biomembranes' organisation.


Older people who are socially isolated are at risk of alcohol misuse. But the problem tends not to be noticed as they drink alone at home.


These tables contain values of the observed thermodynamics of the binding reactions of selected proteins with chemically-related series of small molecule ligands at specified temperature (T) and pH.


The invention provides a method for preparing 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-15 beta, 16 beta-methylene-5-androstene-17-ketone by a microbial transformation method. The method uses Botryodiplodia malorum CBS13450 as a strain and comprises the steps of preparing a resting cell transformation system and transforming a substrate, wherein the resting cell transformation system comprises a buffer solution which is selected from a phosphate buffer solution, an acetate buffer solution, a phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, a monopotassium phosphate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution or a citric acid-sodium hydroxide-hydrochloric acid buffer solution. Under the optimal transformation conditions, the system has a transformation result that 0.3 percent of substrate is fully transformed within 45 hours.


Objective (1) Microembolization is one of the pathogenesis of "no- reflow phenomenon" after PCI. In our study, to maintain that fibrin is one of the important ingredients of microemboli which involves in the formation of microembolization soon after thrombolysis, and thus build up a theoretical basis for microthrombolytic therapy is the main purpose. (2)Analysize the trend of TBF after microembolisation. (3)Comparing the expression of thrombomodulin among microembolisation group, embolisation group and the control group.Methods Rat cremasteric arteries were embolized through photochemistry, and microthomboli formed after thombolysis by staphylokinase. 60 adult male SD mice weighed (180±10) g were randomized separated .30 mice were separated to 5 groups: 5 min, 30 min, 6 0 min, 90 min after microthrombolization and the control group. First, TBF of each group was measured. Then, cremasters were cut down and stored in formaldehyde solution for Masson staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The other 30 adult male SD mice were randomized separated to 3 groups: 90 min after thrombolization, 90min after microthrombolization, and the control group. 5 cremasters of each group were stored in formaldehyde solution for immunohistochemitry.5 cremasters of each group were stored in liquid nitrogen for western blot.Results (1)Fibrin was observed in pathologic sections as well as fibrinolytic markers t-PA and PAI in immunochemical sections. The more time passed, the more t-PA were found reduced while PAI increased. (2)TBF of 5 min after microembolisation decreased significantly compared to the control group(P =0.00). While, TBF of 30 min after microembolisation increased significantly compared to 5min after microembolisation (P =0.00). TBF of 60min after microembolisation decreased significantly compared to 30 min(P =0.00). The same result was found when compared 90min after microembolisation to 60 min after microembolisation(P =0.00). When TBF measured with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager, it could be seen that blue and green area expanded 5 min after microembolisation. On the contrary, red area expanded 30min after microembolisation. And TBF of 60 min, 90min after microembolisation witnessed blue and green area progressively decreased. (3)With the formation of thrombolisation, the content of thrombomodulin increased. In immunohistochemical section, the buffy area increased.In X-ray picture of Western blot, thrombomodulin expressed in molecular weight 39KD and 46 KD. It can be found that thrombomodulin increased significantly in microthrombolization group in contrast to thrombolization group(P 0.05) and the control (P 0.05).Conclusions (1) Fibrin is one of the important parts of microthromboli soon after thrombolysis. And the number of fibrous emboli is increasing after microembolization. (2)TBF after microembolisation decreases in the first place. Then, increasing shortly after decreasing. After a short period of time, TBF progressively decrease.(3) Thrombomodulin expressed mostly in microembolisation group compared to embolisation group and the control group.


Sir, Singh et al.[1] studied the association between leisure‐time physical activity and the cross‐sectional prevalence of depression among the youth of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh. Although this was a prospective study, they used only a single measure of physical activity and only a single measure of depression, and they examined very few confounding and mediating variables. Given that the association between physical activity and mental health has been known for decades,[2,3] their study breaks no new ground.


Experimental data for cold flow nozzle plume entrainment was obtained at Marshall Space Flight Center. The objective of the experiment was to produce validation data for computational fluid dynamics analysis of plume induced entrainment. Air with total temperature of 340K and total pressure of 20 atmospheres was exhausted through sonic and bell nozzles into a quiescent freestream. The entrained flow velocity was measured with particle image velocimetry and hot film anemometry. This paper provides an overview of the test hardware, test setup and data collected. A portion of the experimental results are presented here. The complete test report and test data are documented in a NASA Technical Publication.


Dr. Haym Soloveitchik has opened a window to ourselves, the religious world in which we were raised and which is currently fading from contemporary Jewish life. The significance of the recent and current changes in that world, and of Dr. Soloveitchik's treatment of them, can be easily measured by the intensity of discussion his article has generated among Orthodox Jews of all varieties. The discussion below results from the same impulses that moved Dr. Soloveitchik in his article to know and understand ourselves.1


In studies on the duration of passive hypersensitiveness we 1 have shown that an animal, passively sensitized in utero by passage of antibodies from the mother via the placental route, loses its hypersensitiveness in about 21/2 months. The purpose of the studies undertaken at this time was to determine the duration of active hypersensitiveness which results from sensitization produced in the fetal stage of the guinea pig by passage of antigen via the placental route a few days prior to birth. 2 Thus far we have determined that the animal actively sensitized in utero retains its hypersensitiveness for at least 6 months. On account of the persistence of this active state in the second generation, it is possible for an animal so sensitized to transmit her antibodies to the fetus and thus passively sensitize the offspring of the third generation. These 2 phases of transmission of hypersensitiveness are illustrated by the following family in which we have a pregnant female injected with 11 cc. horse serum 4 days before parturition. The 2 offspring (second generation) were shown to be actively sensitized by the fact that they exhibited fatal anaphylaxis at 109 and 143 days respectively. The third generation was shown to be passively sensitized, for 1 animal died when 3 days old, requiring no incubation period for the establishment of anaphylaxis. The sensitization had definitely worn off, for the second animal of this generation was shown to be negative at 127 days. These criteria have already been established in the previous studies referred to. The 2 animals of the fourth generation were negative at birth. To summarize, we have a mother guinea pig who receives a sensitizing dose of horse serum a few days before parturition and thus actively sensitizes her offspring via the placenta. The second generation—in which the active state of hypersensitiveness persists— in turn passively transmits a state of hypersensitiveness to its off-spring, the third generation. This passive sensitization wears off in the third generation, before the birth of the fourth generation.


Health system reform in Ukraine encompasses a series of structural reforms to increase the efficiency of service delivery with the goal of improving the health of the population. Health financing policies based on strategic purchasing of services are used as the levers to overhaul the entire health system. The reform is a political response to a broken Soviet-style system on the edge of collapse, one characterized by lowperformance, outdated polyclinics, and underfunded, understaffed, and low-quality hospitals. It relies on inefficient budgeting processes designed to pay for inputs, such as the number of beds, the size of facilities, or number of staff, as opposed to results. Bureaucratic, unmotivated, and lowsalaried health workers supported a culture of demanding informal out-of-pocket payments from users of services; such household payments financed up to 53 percent of total health funding. The government is introducing strategic purchasing, contracting arrangements, and e-health systems to change behaviors, foster productivity, increase transparency, and pay for results. In other words, it is reforming the payment system of health services to drive efficiency. The reform is shifting to capitation for primary health care and contracting with hospitals for inpatient hospital services. The newly created National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSU) is a single payer agency and people have a free choice of provider based on the principle of "money follows the patient". The NHSU has signed capitation contracts with more than one thousand primary health care (PHC) providers and, in the record time of less than a year, almost 28 million people enrolled and signed declarations with a preferred provider. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment system is anticipated to result in hospital rightsizing, specialized care mergers, and the elimination of underutilized beds. The new payment system is expected to create the necessary incentives to improve quality, boost performance, and establish a healthier, financially protected citizenry. Effective reform will reduce the burden of disease, control costs, improve wellness, and foster economic growth.


The ideas to explore and apply the resources of the Chinese course in vocational school are to revise the teaching materials to introduce more fresh knowledge;to carry out campus cultural construction make the classroom teaching more colorful;to explore more active resources to improve students' practical ability;to apply the life resources to achieve happy classroom teaching,and to combine the network resources and the film and television to achieve the humanistic education.


A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Science and Engineering of Saga University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


The Virginia lines of chickens resulted from long‐term selection for low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight. We hypothesized that hyperphagia and obesity in HWS are associated with reduced fatty acid oxidation efficiency and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle and fat. Pectoralis major and abdominal fat were collected from 56‐day old LWS and HWS chickens (n=8). Production of 14CO2 and 14C‐labeled acid‐soluble metabolites (ASM) from the oxidation of [1‐14C] palmitic acid were measured. The ratio of CO2/ASM was indicative of oxidative efficiency. Fatty acid oxidation and metabolic flexibility were then measured in Pectoralis major and gastrocnemius skeletal muscles from 61 day‐old LWS and HWS chickens (n=7). Metabolic flexibility was determined from the decrease in pyruvate oxidation in the presence of free fatty acids. The rate of CO2 production was greater in 56 day‐old LWS than in HWS chickens in fat (P = 0.001), while the rate of ASM production was greater (P = 0.003) in the fat of HWS than LWS. The ratio of CO2/ASM production was greater (P < 0.0001) in the fat of LWS than HWS. Metabolic flexibility was greater (P = 0.006) in the Pectoralis major of LWS than in HWS. The results suggest that HWS chickens have impaired metabolic flexibility and oxidative efficiency in skeletal muscle and abdominal fat in comparison to LWS chickens.


From the Publisher:
Excellent for administrators of an NT network, this comprehensive and updated edition provides readers with the latest information on hacks, attacks and patches. The CD-ROM includes evaluation and demonstration versions of commercial firewalls, scanners and proxy servers, together with security tools for NT.


The periosteum in a long bone is apparently a thick layer of specialized dense connective tissue covering the entire bone surface, except for the articular cartilage and insertion site of the tendon or ligament. In case of the ulna, its periosteum exists in the area between the bone and muscule tissue. It is composed of two or three parts. The cellular layer with its numerous cell components exists in contact with the bone aurface. This cellular layer has been generally regarded to have osteogenic capacity. Most research indicates that the cellular layer is almost impossible to recognize upon reaching adulthood; therefore, the periosteum at this stage is considered to lack osteogenic capacity. However, the opposing view exists that the periosteum an adult maintains its osteogenic capacity, albeit accompanied by some time lag. To date, there are various opinions concerning the relationship between periosteal structure and its osteogenic capacity. Research on the adult periosteal structure is especially insufficient, and many unanswered questions remain. The present study was designed to obtain fundamental knowledge on structural differences of the periosteum in young and adult stages. We studied the ulnar periosteum of rabbits by light microscopy. The results are summarized as follows: The young periosteum can be divided into two parts: cellular and fibrous layers. The cellular layer with rich cell components was observed on the inner surface in contact with bone, indicating that this layer has osteogenic capacity. The fibrous layer, in contact with muscular tissue, consists of fibrous tissue containing few cells. In the periosteum of adults, the existence of two layers cannot be discerned. The adult periosteum was devoid of a cellular layer rich in cells, and consisted mostly of fibrous tissue with a few spindle-shaped cells. The thickness of the periosteum in young rabbits was nearly three times wider than that of adults. Our observations agree with many previous reports and support then, except for a few minor differences. The adult periosteum therefore dose not have a cellular component and lacks osteogenic capacity or its is osteogenic potential is markedly inferior to that of the 旭川医科大学医学部歯科 口腔外科学講 座 (主任:北 進一教授) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Asahikawa Medical College (Chief: Prof. Shinichi Kita)


Cocoa production on degraded soils in Ghana is less sustainable and less competitive because of increasing plant nutrient depletion and consequent degradation of soil resource base. The need for supplementary plant nutrients has led to current introduction of recommended cocoa fertilizers like Asaase Wura (N:P:K 0:22:18 + 9CaO + 7S + 6 MgO), Cocofeed (N:P:K 0:30:20), Potassium Rich Sidalco Liquid fertilizers (N:P:K 6:0:20 + 1 MgO + trace elements) and Balanced Sidalco Liquid fertilizer (N:P:K 10:10:10 + 1MgO + trace elements)for farmers. For an effective and efficient intervention to the existing problem, there is the need to monitor the levels of degradation of cocoa soils in the different ecological zones and cropping systems. A study was therefore conducted by sampling and analyzing eight hundred soils from four great soil groups covering different areas of the Ghana cocoa belt - Acrisols (75%), Lixisols (10%), Ferralsols (9%) and Nitisol (3%), within four cocoa regions; Eastern, Ashanti, Western and Central. This paper discusses the ratios of the primary and secondary nutrients in addition to their soil reactions, and was compared with the established ratios of nutrient elements in a good cocoa soil. The results showed the need to add calcium and nitrogen to the soils to meet the standard ratio of K: Ca: Mg of 2:17:8, and to augment the low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in the soils. There is also still the need to search for fertilizer formulations with nitrogen and calcium that will be in the right forms and ratio to suit the nutrient changes recommended for sustainable and competitive cocoa production for the Ghana cocoa belt. (Resume d'auteur)


The newly-diagnosed person with diabetes may respond to the diagnosis with feelings of grief, a reaction that interferes with patient learning of self-management and results in poor disease control. Recognition of patient grief moves the focus of effective diabetes teaching from the hos pital to the community setting.


Data were collected from a colony of 49 male and 55 female two‐year‐old Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus (Milne‐Edwards, 1867). This report gives tables which present data regarding linear measurements of body and organs and absolute and relative organ‐weight data. The means, standard deviations, ranges, and coefficients of variation were summarized in the tables. Grossly observed pathological organs were omitted from the study. The tables give information about this species which could be helpful in future laboratory investigations where the body‐and organ‐weight ranges, variability and linear measurements of this species may be of practical value.


After 171 years of British colonial rule, Hong Kong has developed its distinct identity, with a laissez-faire economy, freedom of the individual, and the rule of law, in contrast with the historical experience of mainland China. Combined with the tragic experience of the Cultural Revolution and the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989, this led the people of Hong Kong to the fear of reintegration, creating a mindset of 'binary opposition' among the people of Hong Kong. The contested identities destabilise mutual trust and encourage local resistance against the 'encroachment' from China.

This thesis looks beyond the identity of binary opposition and argues that to resist China's re-absorption is not necessary to take the form of antagonism. The mode of hybridity is not only a useful strategy to resist national assimilation, but also creates the necessary space for the possibility of cultural reconciliation. Christian churches, part of the ambiguous colonial tradition and recent opposition, could become such a space for reconciliation if they can learn from the Biblical experience as well as contextual theologies in other parts of Asia.


Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis were applied to well-logging data from the Miocene clastic formation in the Carpathian Foredeep, Poland. The main goal was to improve the results of interpretation of well logging in terms of determining gas-saturated horizons. The presented examples illustrate how statistical methods help limit the number of log data while preserving sufficient information. In addition, the two cases illustrate the grouping of data into clusters to reveal sets of features attributed to reservoir horizons and sealing layers and construction of discrimination functions to distinguish between gasor water-saturated beds of sandy-shaly lithology.


Abstract Since 2016, New Jersey dance educators have requested more opportunities to collaborate beyond professional development workshops hosted by Dance New Jersey (DNJ) resulting in a question: How can DNJ support more collaboration among its members? While exploring ideas and imagining possibilities, the executive director at the time, Cristina Marte, discovered Video Collaboratory, a web-based, private application designed for group collaboration around video documents. With this tangible option, she constructed a pilot program enlisting two high school dance programs from different parts of the state to engage in the process of dance making, sharing, and communicating through a virtual platform. The intent of the collaboration during the student feedback process was to provide students with additional support from distant "choreography pals" to enhance the creative experience. The successes of the project revealed the advantages of unforeseen collaborations, the possibilities in technology, and the enhancement in the creative feedback process.


Free fatty acids amplify basal secretion of both glucagon and insulin from isolated human islets at normoglycaemia via metabolic and FFAR1 dependent mechanism


BACKGROUND
falls, seizures, syncope and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) are common presentations to emergency departments sharing overlapping clinical features and diagnostic uncertainties. These transient attacks can be markers of serious adverse outcomes and are associated with high admission rates. We evaluated the effects of an integrated suite of pathways for transient attacks designed to improve adherence to best practices and reduce costs through fewer admissions.

METHODS
a suite of clinician-designed pathways based on initial presenting diagnosis was developed to support ambulant care in a large hospital in Queensland, Australia. We performed a set of regression analyses to identify the differences in total cost and length of stay (LOS) before and after implementation. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the cost savings of the freed capacity in the patient cohort.

RESULTS
pathway implementation was associated with reduced admitted LOS and costs. Falls patients admitted LOS declined by 32.5%, and admission costs by 19.5%. Syncope, seizure, and TIA patients admitted LOS declined by 22% with no change in admitted costs. Despite a small increase in 90-day representations, total emergency department LOS was unchanged. Emergency department costs were similar between falls and non-falls patients. The Monte Carlo analysis showed that the most likely outcome was a cost savings in freed capacity of $71 per patient episode.

CONCLUSION
the ATAP suite of pathways was associated with reduction in LOS, release of capacity and reduction in costs. Further study is needed to evaluate mechanisms and clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population.


Division VII provides a forum for astronomers studying our home galaxy, the Milky Way, which offers a unique laboratory for exploring the detailed structure of the stellar and gaseous components of galaxies and the process by which they form and evolve.


Jagannath Textile Company, situated in Coimbatore has taken a unique place in the industry always advancing towards the winning edge. The company's and vision are built on two principles- "Commitment and Discipline". It believes that through the valuable contribution of their employees and the recognition of their efforts, any level of pe r formance can be achieved. The company strives to create an environment within the organization that allows all employees to feel genuine sense of accomplishment. Effective communication has been used as a tool by the company for ensuring transparency, building employee trust, incorporating changes to corporate strategy, regulating the flow of information, reaching employees appropriately, measuring the effectiveness of their internal communication network and also to maximize the contribution of front-line Managers. The organization chooses the right communications channel for the task at hand and encourages two-way communication during the day to day affairs. Transparency, fairness, loyalty, recognition, respect, rewards and employee trust are inextricably linked with their corporate strategy. It focuses on strategies for modifying employee attitude and behavior for building a harmonized over-arching strategic communications plans. Several latest innovative communication techniques like intranet, print, e-mail, video, face-to-face etc. have been adopted to improve their bottom line even during unprecedented situations. Some common obstacles are managed smoothly without any friction in the employer-employee relationship. A good understanding between the employer and employee has been maintained with sustainable rapport through their excellent communication plan. Employee communication strategies of Jagannath Textile Company can certainly create an insight to the newly ventured budding corporatist in fostering effective communication and also to leverage the ideas for driving business results. Keywords: Employee communication, Transparency, Communication plans, Employer-employee relationship


A harmonious relationship between doctors and patients is an important aspect of the socialist harmonious society.The key of harmonious relationship is to perform effective humanistic caring for patients,to change the service model,to perfect the attitude of service;the patients should seek scientific medical help and adopt a rational attitude towards possible medical accidents.Thus the kind of concordant ambience will come into being in medical treatment.


The increase in milk yields over the last twenty years has substantially increased the metabolic demands made of dairy cattle, increasing the risk of metabolic dysfunction and disease. Metabolic disease in early lactation has been shown to have negative impact on milk production, fertility and cow health and has substantial economic significance to the dairy industry. This article aims to discuss different strategies in the monitoring of metabolic disease, particularly with respect to use of milk compositional data, biochemical appraisal, disease incidence rates and animal-based observations. A panel of veterinary surgeons is consulted as to their approach to metabolic monitoring.


This paper is timely and has now been revised to shed further lights on some important points as follows. Authors recognise that their study was limited to a few databases, however reflected the study dealt with the main databases. This was due to the need to synthesise evidence quickly during the current COVID-19 pandemic. They have now highlighted this as a limitation of the study. This paper is likely to attract good readership as it makes an important contribution to the COVID-19 literature. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, May 19, 2021


We generalize the Barab´asi–Albert's model of growing networks accounting for initial properties of sites and find exactly the distribution of connectivities of the network P ( q ) and the averaged connectivity q ( s,t ) of a site s in the instant t (one site is added per unit of time). At long times P ( q ) ∼ q − γ at q → ∞ and q ( s, t ) ∼ ( s/t ) − β at s/t → 0, where the exponent γ varies from 2 to ∞ depending on the initial attractiveness of sites. We show that the relation β ( γ − 1) = 1 between the exponents is universal.


Land development is a critical task for municipalities and local governments. It demands a carefully crafted plan that takes factors of various aspects into considerations, including economical, financial, environmental, and regulatory. The cellular automaton (CA) model and several variations have been proposed and utilized to facilitate urban and regional land development, but elements in the models that help to find patterns in land development history to guide future planning are still lacking. In this paper, we propose an extended CA model (ECADM) to address this problem. The new model is multi-faceted extension of the CA model to include more attributes and transition rules so that data mining techniques can be applied to find relationships among various components in land development


A precision to start with: when a new development occurs in science, the vocabulary is often uncertain. Here, under the word evolutionary, I include also the fields of self-organization and of cognitive economies as covered in (Lesourne et al., 2002). Evolutionary microeconomics is a young twig in economies. Hence, research possibilities are immense. To try to identify some of these is the purpose of this paper which does not pretend to exhaustivity but would like to stimulate young scientists. The paper is divided into two parts, the first being devoted to observations and experiments, the second to theory. Convenient for this presentation, such a separation would be dangerous in practice since empirical research suggests models and theory would become arbitrary if not confronted to facts.


Crystal texture of otolith from chrysochir aureus was characterized by digital cammera,x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that there were several rounded aragonite crystal, with 1/2 long sulcus in otoliths. The samples were mainly composed of CaCO3 (98.38%) with worse stablity aragonite structure, and second phase materials, by XRD; The strongest absorption peak 1477cm -1 of IR spectra related to carbonate structure, peak 1083 cm -1 and 855 cm -1 belonged to CaCO3 aragonite; and the TGA curve could be separated into three stages: evaporation of water, release and combustion of volatile inorganic salts and organic compounds (1.62%), then decomposition of CaCO3 (98.38%). The crystal texture characterization could rich the basical study of chemistry for Chrysochir aureus, and could be applied to build a chemical biology database for classification of fish otoliths. 1


At the dawn of the 20th century, Erich Muhsam, a politically-committed writer, strongly identified with those on the margins of society -the bohemia and the proletariat-, in no small part due to the rebelliousness which accompanied their state of desperation caused by a capitalistic society controlled by the bourgeoisie. In his works, Bourgeois life is then shown in opposition to the bohemian world, the only context which allows for artistic creation due to its intrinsic inclination to freedom. The bohemian - the artist - together with the proletariat - all those outcasts and victims of the bourgeois society - builds a free community founded on a solid anarchistic foundation, from which a new society will grow. The writer is at the service of this new society and he - Muhsam in this case - then shares his duty with the revolutionaries. Erich Muhsam did just this and he devoted his entire life and work to fulfilling this duty. By doing so, he not only restored in the written word a lost ethical dimension, but also enabled utopia to become a possibility.


ABSTRACT The Rideau Canal Waterway, which flows between Ottawa and Kingston, constitutes one of the triumphs of early nineteenth century engineering. Constructed for defense and transportation purposes amid a virtual wilderness, the canal was built under extremely difficult physical and health conditions. Today the Waterway is designated as a National Historic Site and is preserved, as far as possible, in its original condition. It is now used almost wholly for recreational purposes but also serves a flood control function.


(Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible with the correct tenses of the verbs) "And it hath come to pass afterwards, I do pour out My spirit on all flesh, And prophesied have your sons and your daughters, Your old men do dream dreams, Your young men do see visions. And also on the men-servants, and on the maid-servants, In those days I do pour out My Spirit. And I have given wonders in the heavens, and in the earth, Blood and fire, and columns of smoke. The sun is turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, Before the coming of the day of Jehovah, The great and the fearful. And it hath come to pass, Every one who calleth in the name of Jehovah is delivered, For in mount Zion and in Jerusalem there is an escape, As Jehovah hath said, And among the remnants whom Jehovah is calling!"


238Background: Care experience ratings are recognized as measures of quality. We introduce a new resource, SEER-CAHPS, linking cancer registry data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program with Medicare claims and the Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey. Methods: The SEER-CAHPS data resource includes registry data from 1973-2011 (diagnosis, incidence, mortality, and sociodemographic data), Medicare CAHPS survey data from 1998-2013 (sociodemographic, health status, and care experience ratings), and Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims data from 2002-2013. SEER-CAHPS includes global ratings of overall care, personal doctor, specialist, health plan, and prescription drug plan and composite ratings of doctor communication, care coordination, getting needed care, and getting care quickly. The data also contain optional survey weights to account for the Medicare CAHPS sampling design. Results: Currently, SEER-CAHP...


Background: Cells resist complement-dependent cytotoxicity by elimination of the membranolytic C5b-9 complex from their surface. Results: Modulations of caveolin-1 and dynamin-2 expression and activity affect C5b-9 endocytosis and cell death. Conclusion: Elimintion of C5b-9 and complement resistance depend on caveolae formation, dynamin activity and lipid rafts. Significance: Targeting of key factors in the C5b-9 elimination pathway may enable us to regulate C5b-9 homeostasis and cell resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The complement system, an important element of both innate and adaptive immunity, is executing complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) with its C5b-9 protein complex that is assembled on cell surfaces and transmits to the cell death signals. In turn, cells, and in particular cancer cells, protect themselves from CDC in various ways. Thus, cells actively remove the C5b-9 complexes from their plasma membrane by endocytosis. Inhibition of clathrin by transfection with shRNA or of EPS-15 with a dominant negative plasmid had no effect on C5b-9 endocytosis and on cell death. In contrast, inhibition of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) by transfection with an shRNA or a dominant negative plasmid sensitized cells to CDC and inhibited C5b-9 endocytosis. Similarly, both inhibition of dynamin-2 by transfection with a dominant negative plasmid or by treatment with Dynasore reduced C5b-9 endocytosis and enhanced CDC. C5b-9 endocytosis was also disrupted by pretreatment of the cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Filipin III, hence implicating membrane cholesterol in the process. Analyses by confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localization of Cav-1-EGFP with C5b-9 at the plasma membrane, in early endosomes, at the endocytic recycling compartment and in secreted vesicles. Further investigation of the process of C5b-9 removal by exo-vesiculation demonstrated that inhibition of Cav-1 and cholesterol depletion abrogated C5b-9 exo-vesiculation, whereas, over-expression of Cav-1 increased C5b-9 exo-vesiculation. Our results show that Cav-1 and dynamin-2 (but not clathrin) support cell resistance to CDC, probably by facilitating purging of the C5b-9 complexes by endocytosis and exo-vesiculation.


With the introduction of fast reconfigurable optical node elements and automatic configurability via signaling, the optical transport layer has become a very dynamic entity. This agility enables capital and operational savings, e.g., due to more efficient utilization of in-place resources, as well as new revenue generating service opportunities, like bandwidth on demand. Additionally, there can be substantial benefits in using the optical layer for restoration. We examine the benefits of optical layer dynamic reconfigurability, especially when there is greater coupling between a packet data service layer (taken here to be IP/MPLS for concreteness) and optical transport layer. We compare failure restoration using only the service layer to various alternatives involving the transport layer, with and without optical layer reconfigurability. We also consider orchestrated restoration between the data and optical transport layers, and propose a joint restoration mechanism. In single-layer restoration paradigms, we find that IP layer restoration is more cost-effective at lower aggregate traffic levels for link failures but, as traffic scales, optical layer restoration is more cost-effective. In multilayer protection paradigms, we find that overlaying joint router protection on transport layer link protection permits strong synergy of protection capacity reuse, thus leading to significant cost savings for operators.


The search of alternative crops for production of biodiesel, inserts the castor plants in the program of family agriculture as source of employment and incom...


During the process of programming and manufacturing corporation production line,computer simulation is an indispensable tool all the time,for it exerts a colossal function in several aspects,such as reducing expense,saving outlay,shortening developing periods,improving the efficiency of the equipments.Every country is trying to research and manage advanced manufacturing technologies due to the severe competition in manufacturing area nowadays.The paper introduces the application of simulation system in production plan,constructs a typical AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) production plan simulation system,analyzing the efficiency of the equipment in the system by model,and it provides a scheme of system optimization as well.


Large quantities of wastewater are generated on dairies in south-central Idaho, which can be a source of valuable nutrients as well as contribute to air quality and climate change issues via ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study was to examine the range of lagoon water properties among dairies in the region and to determine how they varied spatially and temporally. Twenty-seven lagoons were sampled twice in a nutrient survey to determine physicochemical characteristics, while six lagoons were sampled (3 to 27 times) over a longer period to determine how these characteristics changed with space and time. Lagoon properties measured consisted of total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and specific conductivity. Results indicate that all lagoon characteristics varied greatly between dairies and with sampling date. Seasonal trends indicated that N decreased from spring to fall, while specific conductivity, total P, total K, and in some instances TS and VS increased over the same period. There was an effect of housing type on these properties, with freestall dairies having higher concentrations of TS, VS, COD, TKN, TAN, and specific conductivity than dry-lot dairies. There was little effect of dairy size on the physicochemical characteristics measured. These results suggest that it is important to account for the nutrients applied with lagoon water in nutrient budgets in order to prevent over-application of N and K, which could lead to N leaching and forage quality issues. In addition, capturing the temporal variation in lagoon properties is important to accurately model seasonal variations in NH3 and GHG emissions.


The Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Sandstone of central and northeast Texas has long been one of the largest oil and gas producers in Texas. North of the Angelina-Caldwell flexure, production is at moderate depths of 3,000-6,000 ft from fluvial and subaqueous deltaic facies. South of the flexure, the undifferentiated Woodbine-Eagle Ford interval produces from depths between 10,000 and 15,000 ft from fractured turbiditic channel siltstones and sandstones. This investigation (1) more precisely defined environments of deposition, (2) determined their relationships to development of the East Texas basin, and (3) related these environments to hydrocarbon production. Much greater control was used than in previous studies, including an extensive core study (approximately 70 cores), close well control (approximately 1,200 electric logs), and an outcrop study. In general, the depositional environments of the updip Woodbine change progressively from a complex fluvial system in the northeastern portion of the study area to delta plain, delta front, and prodelta shelf in a southwestward direction. Major fluvial axes are oriented north-northeast to south-southwest. The fluvial system includes (1) a braided stream facies, (2) a distributary channel facies, and (3) a meander belt facies. The two principal recognizable facies of the delta front are coastal barrier sands and progradational channel-mouth bar sands. Woodbine deposition ended with transgression of Eagle Ford seas and subsequent deposition of marine shales. These shales provide a potential hydrocarbon source and seal for Woodbine reservoirs. End_of_Article - Last_Page 142------------


Plan registration and CFO certification System for Majlis Daerah
Dungun(MDD) was developed to case the tasks of approving plan and
producing CFOs certificates by MDD officer. The computerize allows

information that are stored in the systems database to be retrieved fast and
accurate, mid thus help to reduce the time required to produce a CFO. In the
existing system used in MDD, information pertaining to producing CFOs are
being kept manually in different table file, thus will slower the time required
to obtain this information.This system was build based on the waterfall
system development methodology and used Microsoft Access 2000 as the
software development tool.It is hope that the system will help to increase the
effectiveness of MDD management in their task of approving and producing
CFOs.


This paper discussed the general mechanism and route from the development economists about how the ideological conception influences the economic growth and economic development.This paper also explained the concrete mechanism and route that the backward thoughts caused the poverty of farmers.From the reflection of China's anti-poverty process,this paper concluded that the poor's backward self-thought quality is the root of poverty and put forward the policy suggestions on how "the thought opposes poverty"


Singlet oxygen lifetimes [τ(1O2)] in polymer matrices were calculated using the strong exponential correlation between the incremental rate constant (Kxy) of energy transfer from 1O2 to terminal oscillators X—Y contained in solvent molecules and the energy (Exy) of the highest fundamental vibration of the oscillator X—Y. The lifetimes in polymers correspond very well to experimental data in the literature. They depend only on the nature and quantity of molecular oscillators in the medium but not on the state of aggregation. The computed lifetimes in common polymers vary only from 10 to 50 μs. Therefore the lifetime of 1O2 in singlet oxygen reactions in polymers is of secondary importance in comparison to the diffusion coefficient.


wiki is the product of work over the past five years by the authors of this paper with the assistance of college students preparing to become history teachers and by public school teach-ers and students associated with the History Teacher Education Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass). Ever expanding, the site now includes:


As distance learning programs become more prevalent and as we begin to offer undergraduate engineering programs in a distance format, the question of laboratories and their role in engineering education becomes increasingly important. There is an ongoing debate about whether a remote laboratory experience can really accomplish the goals of educational laboratories. This leads, then, to the question of what are the true goals of a laboratory experience. This question has been addressed before, but not extensively in the context of distance education or with regard to the massive computing power that now enables highly sophisticated simulations. In January 2002, ABET, with support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, held a colloquy to explore this issue. This paper reports the preliminary conclusions of that colloquy.


Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration(Ce50) of sufentanil blunting cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation during propofol administration.Methods The patients undergoing selective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Induction of anesthesia was initiated by TCI sufentanil at the target effect-site concentration with the Bovill mode 3 min latter.TCI of propofol began at the target plasma concentration of 3 μg/ml.After the loss of consciousness,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg was administrated.Target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up and down sequential test.The initial concentration was set at 0.4 ng/ml and the ratio of two successive target effect-site concentration was 1.2.Results The Ce50 of sufentanil was 0.32 ng/ml with 95% confidence interval of 0.3-0.36 ng/ml.Conclusion The Ce50 of sufentanil blunting cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation is 0.32 ng/ml during propofol anesthesia.


A new strategy for LER simulation is proposed in this paper, which applies a discrete model at 1~2nm scale for exposure, continuous reaction-diffusion model at 7nm scale for post-exposure bake (PEB) and a newly developed continuous statistical lateral dissolution model (SLDM) at 1nm scale for development. Without the computational complexity of a molecular LER simulator, this new LER modeling is able to simulate LER induced by exposure statistics by incorporating impacts of PEB and dissolution. This LER simulator has been used to investigate factors that impact LER generation, including non-Fickean diffusion, shot noise and resist contrast. SLDM has also been applied to analyze large unlikely roughness event (LURE) that can lead to chip failure. By finding an equivalent lateral dissolution path for LURE, an analytical estimation of LURE is obtained.


Summary It was shown that goats maintained under nembutal anesthesia continue to secrete milk of normal composition at the normal rate. Comparisons between arterial and mammary venous blood samples drawn from goats anesthetized with nembutal showed that the uptake of milk precursors continues under these conditions. In view of these results it was pointed out that the adverse effects caused by excitement of the animal while drawing arterial and venous blood samples may be eliminated by the administration of nembutal.


The article deals with topical issues of professional training of future teachers. The essence of the concepts of «self-development» and «self-improvement» was revealed, the significance of pedagogical practice as a factor of professional self-development and self-improvement of the future teacher was substantiated. It was revealed that effective preparation of participants in the educational process in educational institutions is possible due to the strengthening of the practical orientation of students' training. That is, pedagogical practice is the initial stage in the system of professional training, the first part of the practical mastering of the pedagogical profession. It promotes the deepening and systematization of knowledge gained by students in the process of studying specialized disciplines, as well as the development of information competence of future professionals. Pedagogical practice provides a combination of theoretical training of students with their practical pedagogical activity in the conditions of educational institutions of different types and promotes the formation of a creative attitude towards future professional activities, deepening and systematization of the knowledge gained by students in the process of theoretical training; self-development and self-improvement of future teachers. In this period, the foundations of professional activity of future specialists are laid, professional qualities are formed, the ability to self-development, self-realization and interest in the future profession are revealed. It is established that proper organization of pedagogical practice contributes to professional growth of the future teachers, development of abilities, allows to create external and internal conditions for self-development of the student. Thus, continuous self-education and self-improvement are the only way that allows a modern educator to become a real professional, to develop professional competence.


Devulapalli CS, Haaland G, Pettersen M, Carlsen KH, Lodrup Carlsen KC. Eur Respir J . 2004;23:869–875

To determine the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) for treating recurrent bronchial obstruction in young children up to 2 years of age and to assess possible modifying effects of ICSs on lung function in young children with recurrent bronchial obstruction.

Observational, noninterventional birth cohort of 3754 newborn children (3697 with complete questionnaire data by 2 years of age); 306 children with documented recurrent bronchial obstruction by 2 years old were identified …


Air ground radio equipments are the necessary equipments to actualize the flight control by the control tower at an airfield. In order to ensure the command transmitting unobstructed, the air ground communication equipments usually include a series of radios, and they work respectively at the different frequencies. However, in the flight control, because every radio has a corresponding remote control terminal, the commander must to face multi sets remote control terminals. For the convenient and reliable operation, the air ground radio equipments centralized remote control scheme based on CAN bus is provided. By the centralized remote control mode, the control operation of radio equipments is integrated. The commander can expediently achieve the air ground audio command using one set of changeless remote control terminal through anyone of many radio equipments in the ground control tower. The audio command information of commander also can be cluster transmitted through multi sets of radio equipments at the same time. Thus, whichever channel is using, the audio communication link can be established timely and credible between pilots and ground commander. The flexibility and reliability of air ground audio command communication is improved.


e17042 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer diagnosed among U.S. Veterans. Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) occurs in patients who, despite having received androgen deprivation therapy, experience a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and castrate testosterone levels, with no evidence of metastatic disease on radiographic imaging. Given the recent approval of novel antiandrogens, the treatment landscape for nmCRPC has rapidly evolved. Although there have been numerous clinical trials examining the safety and efficacy of these treatments, few studies have identified real-world treatment patterns among nmCRPC patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using patient information obtained from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Cancer Registry and the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) to identify patients who were diagnosed with PC at the VA, and later developed nmCRPC, defined as having: (1) evidence of rising PSA, i.e., 2 consecutive increases in PSA concentration over a baseline value; (2) evidence of ongoing androgen deprivation consisting of a serum testosterone level of ≤50 ng/dL (≤2.0 nmol/L); and (3) no evidence of metastatic disease on radiology reports. Treatments were extracted from CDW pharmacy dispensation records and were indexed at nmCRPC diagnosis. Results: A total of 12,549 patients were diagnosed with nmCRPC and treated in the VA from 2006 to 2020; of these, 7,239 (58%) were white, 3,386 (27%) were black, 784 (6%) were Hispanic, and 1,140 (9%) other. Median age at PC diagnosis was 69 years, with most patients residing in the South 4,817 (38%). Of the 7,659 (61%) patients receiving first-line (1L) nmCRPC therapy, 5,508 (72%) received bicalutamide, 621 (8%) ketoconazole, 563 (7%) abiraterone, 492 (6%) enzalutamide, and 242 (3%) flutamide. Although bicalutamide remained the most frequently used 1L nmCRPC therapy regardless of year, the adoption of abiraterone and enzalutamide beginning in 2012 resulted in a decline of 1L bicalutamide from 80% of patients in 2006 to 43% in 2020. Ketoconazole was the second most common 1L nmCRPC therapy and the most common second-line (2L) and third line (3L) nmCRPC therapy. Of patients receiving 1L therapy, 2,244 (31%) received 2L therapy, and of these, 708 (32%) received 3L therapy. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest real-world cohort of nmCRPC patients treated in a nationwide equal-access health care system. Despite the recent approval of several nmCRPC treatments (apalutamide, darolutamide, enzalutamide) which have demonstrated improved metastasis-free survival and treatment-related quality of life, our real-world findings suggest that older, first-generation antiandrogens remain the predominant 1L treatment for nmCRPC patients.


ABSTRACT We describe a large hospital outbreak (93 bloodstream infections) of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates which was mirrored by increased colistin consumption. The outbreak was mostly traced to the clonal expansion of an mgrB deletion mutant of an ST512 strain that produced KPC-3.


A small optical cavity with a high Q is attractive for optical nonlinear applications. We discuss various applications that utilize or are affected by cavity opto-mechanical coupling.


Intertrochanteric (Pertrochanteric) Fracture of the Femur. By Kellog Speed (American Journal of Surgery, May, 1921).?The old distinction between intraand extra capsular fracture of the femur has now been dropped, and it is important to state precisely what is meant by intertrochanteric fracture. It is that fracture in which the main plane of bony separation passes from the tip of the greater trochanter obliquely downwards and inwards to or through the lesser trochanter. Depending on the degree of violence in the cause, there may be impaction of the acetabular fragment into the shaft fragment or a comminution into two or more distinct fragments. On examining two series of cases the author found that this fracture constituted 22 per cent and 24 per cent, respectively, of all fractures of the femur. The average age in 120 patients was 62*1 years ; there were 71 males and 49 females ; 20 patients died. The average result is bony union. If extension and abduction have restored the fragments to proper position there will be no shortening. There is usually some restriction of hip motion no matter how perfect the reduction. In bad reduction we may expect shortening up to one inch, seldom more. There will be excess callus leading to restriction in hip function, and some adduction on account of change of neck angle. Bony union even in these cases, however, permits weight-bearing and a fair degree of function.?Charles Bennett.


The compound of the present invention represented by general formula (1) is useful as a luminescent material. In the formula, R1, R3, and R5 represent cyano groups, or R1, R2, R4, and R5 represent cyano groups. The remainder R1 through R6 represent groups represented by general formula (4).


Objective To study the screening function of rapid one step detection of vibrio cholerea by Rapid Immune Colloidal Gold Strip in the patients with vibrio cholerea infection.Methods The feces samples of 61 patients with diarrhea were tested by Rapid Immune Colloidal Gold Strip for vibrio cholerea (O1/O139 kit),and the feces were tested by routine microscopic examination,culture and motility test as comparison.Results Negative results were observed in both the Rapid Immune Colloidal Gold Strip test and the control test.Conclusion The method of detecting vibrio cholerea with Rapid Immune Colloidal Gold Strip is simple,quick,and suitable in use in intestinal tract department of a hospital or in epidemic military area.It is significant to spread this test technique.


Simple Summary It is widely accepted that DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases, is altered in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and contributes to carcinogenesis, the advancement of the disease and even its chemotherapy resistance. After an immunohistochemical study of a patient cohort from our department and TNM plot, GEPIA2, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, TCGA and Proteomic data analysis for mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs (DNMTA, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L), it is obvious that DNMTs expression is altered in ovarian cancer tissues. DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L are overexpressed in primary high-grade EOC. DNMT3A is overexpressed in the early stages only, whereas DNMT1 and DNMT3L are also overexpressed in tumor relapses. On the other hand, DNMT2 is downregulated in high-grade ovarian carcinomas. This can be a pivotal first step in biomarker and/or more effective targeted treatment development for patients with ovarian cancer. Abstract Background: Despite recent advances in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) treatment, its recurrence and mortality rates have not improved significantly. DNA hypermethylation has generally been associated with an ominous prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, but the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in EOC remains to be investigated. Methods: In the current study, we systematically retrieved gene expression data from patients with EOC and studied the immunohistochemical expression of DNMTs in 108 primary and 26 relapsed tumors. Results: Our results showed that the DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L RNA levels were higher and the DNMT2 level was lower in tumors compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and DNMT3A and DNMT2 expression decreased from Stage-II to Stage-IV carcinomas. The proteomic data also suggested that the DNMT1 and DNMT3A levels were increased in the tumors. Similarly, the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3L protein levels were overexpressed and DNMT2 expression was reduced in high-grade carcinomas compared to non-neoplastic tissue and low-grade tumors. Moreover, DNMT1 and DNMT3L were increased in relapsed tumors compared to their primaries. The DNMT3A, DNMT1 and DNMT3B mRNA levels were correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that DNMT1 and DNMT3L are upregulated in primary high-grade EOC and further increase in relapses, whereas DNMT3A is upregulated only in the earlier stages of cancer progression. DNMT2 downregulation highlights the presumed tumor-suppressor activity of this gene in ovarian carcinoma.


This research was carried out at the "Experimental Edgardia Farm" - State of Sao Paulo University, Campus of Botucatu - Brazil, during the growing season of 1990/91. The objective was to evaluate the effect of water depths and the beginning of water application on the weed development and rice yield. Three water dephts (5, 10 and 15 cm); three water application moments (15, 42 and 74 days after crop emergence) and weed management (weeded and unweeded) were tested in a randomized complete block design, arranged in split-splitplots. The moments were the main plots; the water depths, the splitplots and the weed management, the split-splitplots. The weed development was affected by the water depths and water application moments. The grain yield was reduced in 61.5% by the weed competition with the rice crop.


Time of concern European red mite European red mites (Fig. 1) overwinter as fertilized eggs (Fig. 2). Egg hatch is closely correlated with bud development and first occurs when apples buds are in the tight cluster stage; hatch is more than 50 percent complete at the pink stage, and virtually 100 percent complete by the end of bloom. The first summer eggs can, as a rule, be found at petal fall or at latest by fruit set. There are four to nine generations of European red mite a year, depending on the locality and length of the growing season. Environmental factors such as diminishing food supply, temperature and photoperiod trigger winter egg production from midto late August, but this may continue until late September.


This chapter describes how transportation economics is a very broad field. It includes the application of economic principles to pricing, cost analyses, and regulatory issues. It also includes the analysis of transportation impacts on land use, economic development, and the environment. The field of transportation economics also includes the analysis of costs and benefits of transportation improvement and initial construction projects. It is this later aspect of transportation economics that is of interest to transportation engineers and is the subject described in this chapter. The chapter begins with a discussion of the methodology of project appraisal. This includes cost analysis, methods to deal with uncertainty, methods of benefit quantification and evaluation, rate of return analysis, net present value analysis, the appropriate discount rate to use, benefit-cost ratios, net benefit analysis, and suboptimization. The chapter then discusses transportation user benefits, intangible costs and benefits, and the externalities associated with transportation projects.


Geographical Distribution of Biovars of Ralstonia solanacearum in Brazil Melo, Maria Salete de Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Furuya, Naruto Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Iiyama, Kazuhiro Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Khan, Abu Ashraf Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 他


The present invention provides an organic functional layer comprising one kind of high efficiency and capable of emitting high-luminance organic electroluminescent display device. The present invention is an organic electroluminescent device (100), and the organic EL element (110) the organic functional layer sandwiched between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (21) (13) disposed on the substrate obtained by (10), characterized in that the organic functional layer (13) containing a side chain polymeric liquid crystal material, the side chain portion of the side chain type polymer liquid crystal material is disposed toward the first electrode (11) or the second 2 a side electrode (21).