The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care funded the dialogue through the Academic Health Science Centre (AHSC) Alternative Funding Plan (AFP) Innovation Fund. The views expressed in the evidence brief and dialogue summary are the views of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views of the Ministry or the AHSC AFP Innovation Fund. The McMaster Health Forum convened a stakeholder dialogue on the subject of enhancing patient transitions from treatment in regional cancer centres to survivorship in the Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant Community. With the support of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care, the dialogue brought together participants – one policymaker, six managers, nine healthcare providers, three patients and patient supporters, and four researchers – from the region and the province to examine the problem, options for addressing it, and key implementation considerations. Deliberation about the problem Dialogue participants tended to come at this problem in one of two ways. One large group generally agreed with how the problem was framed in the evidence brief, namely that the cancer care subsystem lacks a sustained approach to supporting cancer patients in the transition from receiving treatment in a regional cancer centre to survivorship in the community. A second, smaller group framed the problem in a different way, namely that all patients are not living well after treatment, either because of gaps in the system (particularly in terms of psychosocial care and self-management supports), or because of the lack of a comprehensive, organized approach to supporting patients to live well after treatment.


In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Khor et al. ([1][1]) investigate Bcl-2 and Bak as potential predictors of clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients enrolled in the Radiation Oncology Group Protocol 92-02.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United


By extending Darcy's law to the dry domain above the free surface and specifying the boundary condition on the potential seepage surfaces as Signorini's type, a partial differential equation (PDE) defined in the entire domain of interest is formulated for non‐steady seepage flow problems with free surfaces. A new parabolic variational inequality (PVI) formulation equivalent to the PDE formulation is then proposed, in which the flux part of the complementary condition of Signorini's type in the PDE formulation is transformed into natural boundary condition. Consequently, the singularity at the seepage points is eliminated and the difficulty in selecting the trial functions is significantly reduced. By introducing an adaptive penalized Heaviside function in the finite element analysis, the numerical stability of the discrete PVI formulation is well guaranteed. The proposed approach is validated by the existing laboratory tests with sudden rise and dropdown of water heads, and then applied to capture the non‐steady seepage flow behaviors in a homogeneous rectangular dam with five drainage tunnels during a linear dropdown of upstream water head. The non‐steady seepage flow in the surrounding rocks of the underground powerhouse in the Shuibuya Hydropower Project is further modeled, in which a complex seepage control system is involved. Comparisons with the in situ monitoring data show that the calculation results well illustrate the non‐steady seepage flow process during impounding and the operation of the reservoir as well as the seepage control effects of the drainage hole arrays and drainage tunnels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia in North America and reports of treatment failure attributed to echinocandin-resistant C. glabrata are increasing. This report describes a...


Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has become increasingly common to mitigate urban stormwater runoff. However, there is limited research on the impact of age and type of GSI. This study evaluated nutrient and metals concentrations in the soil water of five different GSI systems located at the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon. The GSI systems included a bioretention curb extension (part of Portland's Green Street project), a bioretention basin, a bioretention planter, an infiltration basin, and a bioswale ranging in age from 2 to 11 years. Samples were taken from each system during rain events over a 10-month period and analyzed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), phosphate (PO43−), and total phosphorus (TP). Copper and zinc concentrations were found to be impacted by GSI age, with lower concentrations in older systems. The same trend was not found with PO43− and TP, where almost all GSI systems had soil water concentrations much higher than average stormwater concentrations. Age likely played a role in phosphorus soil water concentrations, but other factors such as sources had a stronger influence. Phosphorus is likely coming from the compost in the soil mix in addition to other sources in runoff. This study shows that GSI systems can be effective for copper and zinc, but changes to the soil mix design are needed to reduce high levels of PO43− and TP in soil water.


The research development to date is still unclear regarding the impact of workplace friendship on organisational outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to extend previous research by investigating the relationship between workplace friendship on innovative work behaviour. This study also examines the mediating role of workplace happiness, knowledge sharing and psychological safety on the relationship between workplace friendship and innovative work behaviour. Data were obtained using a self-administrated survey from 250 employees working in the creative industry of Small Medium Entreprises (SMEs) in Central Java, Indonesia. Findings reveal that workplace friendship shares a positive relationship with innovative work behaviour via workplace happiness and knowledge sharing. Results also indicate that workplace happiness and psychological safety have a significant effect on knowledge sharing. However, the findings found that psychological safety is not significantly related to innovative work behaviour. This present study provides a new insight regarding on how to nurture a workplace friendship to encourage employees' innovative work behaviour.


This study was designed to observe young children working with a turtle robot on five Logo tasks. Eighteen children (mean age 7 years 3 months) attempted the tasks individually and then in one of three gender pairs: boy-boy, girl-girl or boy-girl. The results of the study revealed that initially the boy-boy pairs completed the tasks using the least amount of moves, in less time and with fewer errors than the other gender pairs. However, by the final session, the boygirl pairs made the least amount of moves in order to complete the task and the girl-girl pairs made the fewest errors. Analysis of the interaction between pairs of children and the strategies that they deployed in order to complete the tasks were conducted in an attempt to gain information about the possible reasons for such an effect. The analyses suggest that the most successful pairs are characterised by certain styles of interaction, but as yet no single, suitable explanation has been found to account for the differences, or changes, in performance over the five sessions.


The surveillance of a 94.5 m high embankment dam in northern Quebec, Canada, revealed the possibility of the existence of a zone of higher hydraulic conductivity in its till core. The spatial continuity of the measured fines content in the dam during construction was computed by geostatistical means to predict values at unsampled locations for the entire core volume. The hydraulic conductivities were inferred using the predicted fines content and in situ compaction conditions. The inferred hydraulic conductivities and their spatial representations were supported by thermal and seepage field monitoring data. This provided the necessary background information to interpret the surveillance data and determine the cause of the presence of a more pervious zone in the core, which was related to spatial variability of the fines content of the till, placement water content, and compaction procedures. The geostatistical approach complemented with laboratory and construction control data is an efficient tool to char...


The fluorescence quenching rate constants, kv of acridine orange with a series of electron donors have been measured. ka decreases from the diffusion controlled value with increasing oxidation potential of the electron donor. A comparison between the reactivity of the excited singlet and triplet state shows the excited singlet state to be more reactive. This is explained by the higher energy of the excited singlet state compared to the triplet state. However, even with regard to the singlet-triplet energy splitting, the excited singlet state shows a higher reactivity than the triplet state by 0.12eV. This difference cannot be explained by uncertainties in the redox potentials of the electron acceptor or electron donor, since the same electron acceptor and the same series of electron donors has been used for excited singlet and triplet quenching measurements.


The aim of this study was to examine the students' perspectives on formative assessment, partly about how students perceived the assessment in general, partly about what students' opinions were on ...


This article considers the role of changing contexts of production in the evolution of ceramic material culture in early Greece. Rather than focusing on the aesthetics of ceramics or reading political and social change from patterns in ceramic style and consumption, we consider Early Iron Age (EIA) ceramic style in its context of production. Isolating the idiosyncratic aspects of EIA material culture and evaluating them in dialogue with the ethnographic record, we argue that dynamics of change in EIA ceramic repertoires may be best explained as the result of evolving contexts of production after the Bronze Age collapse that resulted in women having an increased and prominent role in potting and painting vessels. Likewise, stylistic changes occurring in the late eighth and seventh centuries BCE may be related to a transition back to a more complex economic structure in which ceramic style was driven by profit-seeking male potters.


To the Editor. —The article in theArchivesby James R. Keane, MD, entitled "Hysterical Hemianopia: The 'Missing Half' Field Defect" (1979;97:865-866) prompts us to describe a patient with hysterical bitemporal hemianopia. Report of a Case. —A medically unsophisticated 15-year-old girl was being examined for headaches and blackouts when incomplete bitemporal field loss was discovered. Each time the field was assessed, the bitemporal defects became more apparent and of greater density and began to spread to the inferonasal quadrants; visual acuity remained at 20/25 OU. On each occasion, the defect was strictly aligned along the vertical meridian. Optic atrophy was never seen. Findings from two computed tomographic scans, skull roentgenograms, sella tomography, EEG, cerebral angiography, pneumoencephalography, CSF analysis, and exploratory craniotomy were all normal. Pattern reversal visual evoked response (VER) showed increased latency and decreased amplitude with temporal hemifield stimulation of either eye. Findings from nasal hemifield stimulation were normal.


As the continually deepen of urbanization in china, the research of urban ecology has been regarded as the hot focus. This article is base of the view of systematism, and brings forward the conceiving of "the model of urban eco-community construction fish" which is based of "organization learning fish model" . At last, this article does some elementary exploration on building strategies as well.


Heart failure (HF) causes different forms of remodeling in left atrium (LA) vs left ventricle (LV), with fibrosis much more prominent in LA. MicroRNAs (miRs) are central regulators in cardiac remodeling. This study compared LA and LV miRNA changes during the development of experimental HF.


The aims of the study are to establish the pollutant profile along Sungai Perlis during high and low tides based on physical and chemical parameters and relate the water quality with the land used along the river. Sungai Perlis is the main river in Perlis, Malaysia with size of river basin approximately 310 km2. Three station points were selected along Sungai Perlis which are one station at the upstream, one station at the middle stream and one at the downstream. Six parameters were selected which are DO, BOD, COD, TSS, AN and pH. From the findings, the water quality index during high tide for upstream and downstream of Sungai Perlis are in Class II, whereas during low tide, it classified in Class III. However, no changes in water quality index during high and low tides for middle stream of Sungai Perlis, which is in Class III. The pollutant profiles also showed that the river were less polluted during high tide compared to low tide. The land use activities along Sungai Perlis include residential areas, recreational, agricultural, commercial, construction and fisheries located at Kuala Perlis which are directly and indirectly also contributes to the water quality of Sungai Perlis.


Sixty fathers living in Puerto Rico with low socioeconomic backgrounds and documented histories of family-directed aggression were randomly assigned to an experimental (structured learning therapy or SLT) and a control condi tion. SLT produced a significant reduction in aggression on three dependent variables: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), direct skill measure, and minimal generalization- of-skill measure. No such reductions were noted for the control group. Initial group differences on two of the in struments (Buss-Durkee and a behavioral checklist) negated the assumption of equivalence on the instruments and precluded further interpretations of results based on them. No differences were found between groups on the extended generalization-of-skill measure. While the general effec tiveness of SLT as a means of reducing aggression among this population was generally sustained, the suggestion is made that it should be used in conjunction with other broader approaches aimed at ameliorating cultural sup port for male aggression in the family context.


The purpose of the article is to improve the model of the enterprise (institution, organization) management process on the basis of general management functions. The graphic model of the process of management according to the process-structured management is presented. It has been established that in today's business environment, the model of the management process should include such general management functions as: 1) controlling the achievement of results; 2) planning based on the main goal; 3) coordination and corrective actions (in the system of organization of work and production); 4) action as a form of act (conscious, volitional, directed); 5) accounting system (accounting, statistical, operational-technical and managerial); 6) diagnosis (economic, legal) with such subfunctions as: identification of the state and capabilities; analysis (economic, legal, systemic) with argumentation; assessment of the state, trends and prospects of development. The prospect of further research in this direction is: 1) the formation of a system of interrelation of functions and management methods, taking into account the presented research results; 2) development of the model of effective and efficient communication business process of the enterprise.


Robocup Rescue Simulation System is a suitable test-bed for test and evaluation of multi-agent system's related ideas and techniques. Hence, the world robocup competitions are held each year and the used ideas and techniques are evaluated in the form of different teams. In rescue simulation system, at the start of simulation, police agents should search and explore the earthquake area and open the blocked roads. In this paper, which is the first application of distributed learning automata in rescue simulation system, the agents imitate the ways which real people use for solving traffic problems in their societies. Like the real peoples' solutions for traffic problem, the agents use virtual police and street signs in their virtual environment junctions. The results indicate the fact that the proposed method gives more exploration power to rescue agents.


A comparative study is made of three methods for obtaining the required cooling of the SIRTF. The first is a supercritical helium system in which the 2 K temperatures are obtained by a Joule-Thomson expander; the second is a superfluid (He II) helium system; and the third is a hybrid system in which supercritical helium provides the major cooling and small He II reservoirs supply specific detector cooling. The superfluid helium system is found to offer superior performance; it would be the system to use if funding were available. The comparative study gives equal weight to performance, operations, and cost. From this point of view, the hybrid system is selected as the best compromise to obtain an operational SIRTF.


The World Bank (WB) as an international policy transfer and diffusion agent has beenactively involved in orchestrating and driving higher education systems. The Bankcontains the world's largest international development research institute and is alsobelieved to be the greatest funder of higher education. In this article, I have tried to showthe role of the WB in Ethiopian higher education system using human capital theory asan analytical framework. The WB is the major international organization that plays apivotal role in the Ethiopia higher education system. The Bank's influence on Ethiopiahigher education ranges from offering financial support to reforms and some researchproject and sponsoring short-term and long-term training to providing policy advisoryservices. The WB provides various financial and expertise-based contributions toEthiopian higher education. The Bank also exercised its symbolic power by providingpolicy prescriptions in consultancy and research and setting the frame of referencesthrough analytical reports, sector reviews, and thematic workshops. Despite thesecontributions, the Bank is not creating sufficient spaces for local actors to criticallychallenge and criticize the recommendations of the Bank. The involvement of the Bankbeyond the mere financial support has been the subject of criticism by researchers andacademicians of the country. The article maintains that the WB is one of themanifestations of the process of globalization that has complicated the policy-makingprocess of the Ethiopian higher educational institution.


The introduction of metered bronchodilator aerosols has been an important advance in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease. They have the advantage of easy portability and controlled dosage. Their use of small particles allows the active substances to be deposited in the lung rather than the mouth and throat. Several preparations are available and this paper is a report of a double-blind controlled trial to compare the effects of isoprenaline ('Medihaler Iso', Riker) and orciprenaline ('Alupent', Boehringer, Ingelheim). The object of the study was to compare the two as regards efficacy, duration of action and side effects, especially those on the cardio-vascular system. METHODS


Stem and progenitor cells derived from adult bone marrow, as well as peripheral blood, have been shown to regenerate vascular cells in response to tissue injury. Circulating progenitors are thought to be derived from bone marrow, but their exact cellular origin is unclear. Also yet to be determined is whether the type of injury dictates the contribution of such cells to postnatal neovascularization and which subpopulations of cells within marrow and blood exhibits the greatest relative contribution to vascular regeneration. We addressed these issues in studies that will be discussed.


This paper presents a singular prey-predator fishery model, where maturation delay for prey and gestation delay for predator are considered. Fishing efforts are introduced to harvest prey and predator population, which are developed as control instruments to investigate optimal utilization of fishery resource. By analyzing associated characteristic equation, local stability analysis is studied due to combined variations of double time delays. Furthermore, Pontryagin's maximum principle is utilized to characterize optimal harvest control, and the optimality system is numerically solved based on an iterative method.


Recent results by the CDF and DO Collaborations for non-Standard Model Higgs boson searches in collisions at center-of-mass energy of √s = 1.96 TeV using up to 8.2 fb−1 of Fermilab Tevatron data are discussed. Searches for neutral Higgs bosons predicted in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), doubly-charged Higgs bosons predicted in extended models, as well as Higgs bosons within Hidden Valley and Fermiophobic models are described.


In order to make the special fine sand concrete meet the high performance requirements of the spilling weir body,the paper studies on the impermeability,the frost resistance and cracking resistance of the special fine sand concrete mixed with the polypropylene fiber,finds out the best percentage of the polypropylene fiber which can satisfy all kinds of technological features and economic requirements and the influence rules of the percentage on the technical parameter,and provides the reference for the application of the polypropylene fiber in the special fine sand concrete.


Big data technologies are playing an important role in various fields such as biology, finance, economics and engineering. However, the complexity of big data has not been fully understood, especially for the dynamical system in high dimensional space. Here we present a theorem about existence of three-dimensional chaotic behavior for a dynamical system which is widely used in engineering and business. We also give the chaotic behavior at different velocities under initial and fixed values. Simulation results show that our approach can uncover the rich dynamical behaviors of the high dimensional system, e.g. the relationship between the initial value and the chaotic behavior in three- and two-dimensional space.


Structural and functional impairments of cerebral small vessels (CSVs) result in white matter hypo‐perfusion and ischemia that are major cause of Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) or white matter disease is a variety of abnormalities in brain microvasculature. Recently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a significant risk factor for stroke as well as for subclinical vascular diseases such as CSVD. Endothelial cell dysfunction is a major contributor to CSVD in CKD. Interestingly, both kidney and cerebral microvasculature share similar anatomical and physiologic characteristics. The goal of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hyperphosphatemia in cerebral microvasculature using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), human arteries, and CKD mice as our models.


Aims: The aims of the research were to identify whether there is a shortage of surveyors in regional Queensland, the impacts of a surveyor shortage, the demographics of registered surveyors and Spatial Science students, the processes of becoming a registered surveyor and ways of increasing surveyor numbers in regional Queensland.
Methodology: A literature review was conducted on the shortage of surveyors in regional Queensland and the process of becoming a registered surveyor. Professionals within the industry were also consulted on these matters. A
questionnaire was then designed to meet the aims of the research and distributed to Spatial Science students studying at the University of Southern Queensland and
Queensland University of Technology online.
Outcomes and Benefits: There is a shortage of surveyors in regional Queensland that may have a substantial impact on the industry. Increasing enrolment numbers through improved marketing to high school students has been identified as an
effective remedy to address surveyor shortages.There are also ways of enticing Spatial Science students into taking up positions in regional Queensland upon graduation


Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the influence of academic institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, social (friend) support, and existential spiritual well-being on suicidal ideation of college students. Methods: The research design was descriptive survey research involving 285 college students in city G. Data was collected from May 18, 2011 to November 2, 2011 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The findings reveal that suicidal ideation of college students was low, i.e., average score was 9.2±3.65 (possible range 5∼25). This study determined that suicidal ideation is negatively correlated with interest on the part of the academic institution, open parent-adolescent communication, social support from friends, and existential spiritual well-being. The extent of existential spiritual well-being was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, controlling for general characteristics variables (gender, number of close friends, first supporter) and institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, and social support. Existential spiritual well-being accounted for 50% of the explanation of suicidal ideation of college students. Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of this study, designing an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation of tertiary education students is strongly recommended.


Dear Editor, Until today there is no explicit and evidence based answer, about the superiority of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) over the nodal observation, in patients with primary melanoma. An interesting debate flared-up after the publication on the 28th of September 2006 in NEJM by Morton DL, et al1. The multicentre selective lymphadenectomy trial-1 group (MSLT-1) evaluated the usefulness of SLNB over the nodal observation in patients with primary melanoma. They concluded that in cases with primary melanoma that are 1.2 to 3.5 mm in thickness, SLNB should be preferred to observation. However, reputable melanoma centres comparing the overall disease-free survival and melanoma specific survival of the SLNB group and observational one, found that there is no essential profit for the SLNB group. MSLT-1 group promised further analyses of the data (results expected around 2008-2011) that would have solved the question of usefulness once and for all, but the results have not yet published. Because of unexplained delay for publishing their new results, on 7th Jan 2013 the Editor of the BMJ declared: 'This is not the only case in which clinical trial data have been published late or not at all. In addition to the well documented suppression of data by drug companies there are clear examples of delayed or non-publication in non-industry sponsored trials'2. In England the National Institute for Health and clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends that SLNB should be performed only in centres with expertise and in context of clinical trials. However, it is reported that was carried out, in at least 19 hospitals, only 2 of which were involved in clinical trials3. Therefore we can see that there are alternate interpretations that refute the published results of MSLT-1. Do we need another randomized control trial or do we need a new interpretation of the results of the MSLT-1 by a common group of the funders of the trial and its refuters?


A test dose of Zr{sup 95} was given to a female patient which had a metastatic reticula endothelial tumor at the distal portion of the left femur. A comparison of the deposition of Zr{sup 95} showed greater uptake 24 hours after administration than any of the normal tissues investigated.


The water soluble azo initiator—azobis(isobutylamidine hydrochloride)(AIBA) was synthesized using ABIN as material by base catalysis method.The effects of the preparation conditions,such as the concentration of ABIN-methanol solution,sodium methoxide dosage,ammonium chloride dosage,the effect of the first and second step reaction time on the yield of end product was investigated.Thermal decomposition reaction kinetics of AIBA was measured.The chemical structure of azobis(isobutylamidine hydrochloride) was characterized by Flourier-infrared spectra(FTIR) and 1HNMR.Finally,poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc) was prepared using AIBA as initiator by emulsion polymerization.Meanwhile the relative molar mass of PVAc was tested by Gel Permission Chromatography(GPC).The experimental results indicate that:the thermal decomposition reaction grade of AIBA is 1,the decomposition activity energy is 67.39kJ/mol and the Xn of PVAc reached 4949.


For electronic systems to operate reliably, especially those that transmit data at fast speeds, data integrity is essential. To find and fix faults in data transmission, some error detection and correction techniques are used which might include Hamming code, Reed-Solomon Code, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), Turbo codes, and other advanced ECC methods. The requirement for a dependable and efficient error detection and correction module that can be integrated into current systems is essential. The proposed error detection and correction module promises to be a potential approach for maintaining data integrity in electronic systems. The module can be integrated into existing systems and delivers dependable error detection and correction capabilities while consuming less power and operating more efficiently. In this research work, we offer an error detection and correction module using reversible logic which has a reduced power consumption and also boosts efficiency which is integrated onto the AHB-APB interface to detect and rectify faults that may occur in data transmission. The proposed model contains a ECC module which is designed for single error correction, double error detection as well as double adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC). This module is then implemented onto the AHB - APB bridge in order to facilitate efficient communication between the connected devices and components.


Presentation given at the 5th South East Public Health Conference by Hilary Powlson, Head of Health in East Brighton Health4All.


The transition from Pietism and Evangelicalism to a social gospel in the thought and activities of a number of Christians, occurring as it did in the nineteenth century, was a transition largely provoked by the impact of the Industrial Revolution on landscape and people. Yet those who were among the earliest to respond to the new industrial and geographical situation often retained an older vision of life and society and left to others the task of developing a more effective response.Joseph Rayner Strphens (1805–79), sometime Methodist, notorioue revolutionary of the late 1830s, advocate of the Ten Hours Bill and vigrous opponent of the factory system in nineteenth-century England, was just such a person; he provides and illumination case study in the stryggle to carve out a social gospel which was virtually without precedent at the time.


In this paper, we use the wavelet transform to the Wiener Integral Processes ,we ob- tain some statistical properties about the transform and density degree.


The magnetization processes in amorphous glass-covered wires with positive (Fe based), negative (Co based), and nearly zero magnetostriction (Co based with a small amount of Fe addition) are analyzed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. A second peak in the low field range of the derivative resonance spectra has been observed for all samples. A clear relationship between the shape of this peak and the type of magnetization process that occurs in these wires was found. The obtained results show that FMR measurements offer new possibilities of investigating the magnetization processes in amorphous glass-covered wires.


An 8‐year‐old boy presented with small, skin‐colored papules of 9‐months duration on the upper lip. Results of the histopathologic examination were consistent with syringoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of syringoma of the mustache area of a child.


The article presents the results of research on the prediction of the polish timescale UTC(PL) based on GMDH and GRNN neural networks, which were compared with the results obtained in the GUM using the analytical linear regression method. The lowest values of the prediction error was obtained for GMDH neural network for time series analysis methods and data prepared on the basis of time series ts1. These results were significantly better than the prediction error values obtained in GUM using analytical linear regression method. In the case of GRNN neural network prediction errors obtained using the regression method and data prepared on the basis of time series ts2 are very close to the values of prediction error obtained in the GUM. However, for data prepared on the basis of time series ts1 reached a very high value.


Full strength grouted sleeve connectors ensure the integrity of connected precast concrete components. This research investigated the behaviour and the strength performance of the proposed A, B, C and D-series grouted sleeve connectors for joining precast concrete components. The connectors were subjected to increasing tensile loads untill failure. The performances of the connectors were also evaluated in terms of stiffness, yield strength, ductility and failures modes. The experimental results show that the C-series grouted splice sleeve connectors succesfully achieved the full tensile strength of the connected steel bars. In addtion, the confinement provided by the steel sleeve controls and delays the splitting cracks of the surrounding grout and eventually enhances the bond between bar-and-grout significantly. The enhanced bond contributes to a shorter development length of the connected bar as compared to the conventional bar lapping method


ASCETICISM and monastic organisation are two of the unique contri butions which Indian civilization has made to the theory and practice of individual conduct and social organisation. Asceticism is a complex of a number of traits whose main content lies in some kind of bodily mortification, and mental and physical withdrawal. Its essence lies in passivity as opposed to activity, in renunciation of worldly life as contrasted with absorption in it. This characterization of asceticism as an individual practice needs some modification in its application to asceticism as group behaviour. Rules and regulations come in almost auto matically when more than two individuals group together. Some kind of habitation becomes a necessity. Three is company; and complete withdrawal comes to an end. Monastic life leads to an endeavour in one kind of social organisation, peculiarly fitted for ascetic life. Monastic life is thus a paradoxical social phenomenon. It is an essay in social organisation for those who negative and renounce both social as well as individual life.


The purpose of this study is to know labor and communication strategies in increasing theloyalty of wage workers. The results of this study indicate that employment BPJS is doingquite well with marketing communications, and that many loyal companies continue to usethe workforce's social security programs. The writer uses a descriptive method with thequalitative approach of describing, recording, analyzing and explaining the conditions thatare occurring within the company using the data-collection technique of interviews with thecompany's marketing division. The welfare of the worker is a temporal and spiritual meetingof needs both inside and outside work relationships that can improve worker performanceand productivity and thus create a healthy and comfortable working environment. One of theworker's welfare is protecting the worker. Indonesia has a special agency aimed at protectingworkers which is job BPJS. Bank Indonesia the central bank/bi decided to raise itsbenchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 8.25 percent, he said. In promoting civilityBPJS and labor needs a good marketing communication startegi. Good marketing strategiescan increase customer loyalty to continue using products or programs from labor BPJS.


This report presents the results of a geochemical and mineralogical survey of the Fremont Gorge and Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Areas, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah. The Fremont Gorge and Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Areas comprise about 265 mi/sup 2/ in Wayne and Garfield counties, Utah. The study areas are located along the Dirty Devil River just north of Utah State Highway 95 and along Sulphur Creek five miles east of Torrey, Utah. The area is comprised of flat lying sediments of the Henry Basin section which are Triassic to Holocene in age. The topographic relief in the study area is about 3000 ft (915 m) with a maximum elevation of 6900 ft (2100 m). The ground surface is a flat lying plateau which has been eroded to steep walled canyons by intermittent streams and one third order river. The climate is arid. 4 refs.


A good mechanical stability of the optical interferometer comprises an electronic bandwidth sufficiently wide electronic signal processing system provides an optical coherence analysis system. The source light signal from a light source and an interferometer splitter to split into a reference arm and a sample arm, a first sample arm polarization beam splitter for transmitting a source light signal to the sample, among the source light signal the first polarization component reflected from the sample, the first and the sample arm polarization beam splitter for transmitting the first optical detector pair, a second sample arm polarization beam splitter for transmitting a source light signal to the sample the second polarized light component reflected from the sample of the source light signal, and a second sample arm polarization beam splitter for transmitting the second optical detector pair, the first sample arm polarization beam splitter and the second sample and a non-reciprocal of the measuring wave polarization direction rotating system located between the arm polarization beam splitter. .Field


Over the past decade, the kinetic-data-structures framework has become thestandard in computational geometry for dealing with moving objects. A fundamental assumption underlying the framework is that the motions of the objects are known in advance. This assumption severely limits the applicability of KDSs. We study KDSs in the black-box model, which is a hybrid of the KDS model and the traditional time-slicing approach. In this more practical model we receive the position of each object at regular time steps and we have an upper bound on  d max , the maximum displacement of any point in one time step. We study the maintenance of the convex hull and the Delaunay triangulation of a planar point set  P  in the black-box model, under the following assumption on  d max : there is some constant  k  such that for any point  p  in  P  the disk of radius  d max  contains at most  k  points. We analyze our algorithms in terms of Δ k , the so-called  k -spread of  P . We show how to update the convex hull at each time step in  O (min( n ,  k Δ k log  n )log  n ) amortized time. For the Delaunay triangulation our main contribution is an analysis of the standard edge-flipping approach; we show that the number of flips is  O (k 2 Δ k 2 ) at each time step.


The North Yellow Sea Basin is one of petroliferous basins where the exploration and study degree is low in east China.Beginning with analysis of original data in the study area,using special treatment methods of seismic data such as the impedance,instantaneous amplitude,instantaneous frequency,etc.,as well as other AVO oil and gas examination technology,combined with regional sediment and geological data,this paper generally analyzes the reservoir,seal distribution,and oil and gas geological conditions of Structure A in the central depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin.It is concluded that there are two sets of advantageous reservoir and seal compounding in the area,and the oil and gas condition at the center and limb of the Structure is better.These results have an important guiding sense for study of the petroleum trap distribution in the research area.


Abstract

 A cladistic analysis based on 120 morphological characters and 72 OTUs was conducted for the flat wasp genus Anisepyris Kieffer. The genus is mainly Neotropical region with few Nearctic species. The analysis retrieved well-supported relationships among the Anisepyris species and exposed the distribution of synapomorphies among the lineages, particularly concerning the mandible shape, dorsal pronotal area sulcus, and mesopleural foveae. The main diagnostic characters, described by Barbosa and Azevedo (2018) for the 13 species-groups of Anisepyris, were scrutinized. Transformation series and evolutionary hypotheses were also discussed. This discussion elucidates the importance of each character in the evolution and diversification along the different lineages. A discussion on the species-groups distribution is proposed, in relation to their diagnostic features. A hypothesis about the original distribution and the subsequent diversifications was also discussed. In conclusion, due to a possible recent origin for Anisepyris species, the dispersion could be related primarily to dense forest areas; and the retrieved synapomorphies could be related to posterior distributions of the species in disparate areas from their original environment.


AbstractThis study aims to 1) enable primary school students to develop models that will help them understand and analyze a system, through a learning process based on system dynamics approach, 2) examine and evaluate students' models related to socio-scientific issues using certain criteria. The research method used is a case study. The study sample consists of 10 primary school students, grades seven and eight. Students were first informed about the theoretical background of system dynamics approach, arid then some applications were conducted using sample scenarios to show how to model a system with the Stella program. This experimental study lasted one hour for 14 weeks. For the last 8 weeks, students chose one of the previously determined topics and worked on developing a model based on system dynamics using the Stella program. Recordings of the models students had developed arid interviews conducted with them were analyzed based on five criteria (using the correct concepts in the model, determining arid using the variables, determining the relationship between the variables, locating numerical parameters, and creating and interpreting graphs). In addition, semi-constructed interviews and records by the observing teacher were analyzed and evaluated in relation to the models students had developed. Analytical results revealed that students had difficulty in determining the stock and flow in a system, could not easily perceive the system as a whole, and were unable correctly to form a relationship among various aspects of the system. However, students' interest in the topics they were working on increased while developing the model.KeywordsSystem Dynamics, Model Development, Stella Program, Socio-scientific Issues.Children, who are curious and enthusiastic about research and discovery in the earlier stages of their lives, gradually lose these characteristics as they mature. This is a most crucial concern in education. The current educational system fails to properly foster children's imagination and eagerness to learn. In the new curriculum, the Ministry of Education (Milli Egitim Bakanligi [MEB], 2006) aims to solve this problem with the help of student-centered teaching methods, based on constructivist learning. Hence the Science and Technology Curriculum aims to transform students into inquisitive individuals who can solve problems, make the right decisions, understand, use, and develop new technology-all of this while preserving their eagerness to learn throughout their lives (MEB, 2006).To achieve these aims, socio-scientific topics should also be included in the curriculum, in addition to building the theoretical background related to science and technology subjects. This way, students can develop social awareness related to these subjects and use technology effectively (Ramsey, 1993; Sadler, 2011; Zoller, 1987).Socio-scientific topics help students develop responsibility about economic, political, social, and ethical issues related to science. They can also be used as tools to enhance students' critical thinking and decision-making skills (Lee, 2007; Pedretti, 1999). Socio-scientific topics are issues with social dimensions, debated among scientists. These topics involve moral beliefs and values' effectiveness in decision-making processes and risk-benefit analysis (Ratcliffe & Grace, 2003). Some examples of these topics are genetically modified foods, global warming, cloning, and nuclear energy (Sadler, 2011).Zeidler, Walker, Ackett, & Simmons (2002) have observed that incorporating such topics in science lessons increases students' scientific literacy and facilitates conceptual learning. These topics also develop critical thinking, inquiry, and argumentation skills (Sadler & Zeidler, 2004; Zohar & Nemet, 2002). With the help of this study, presumably, working on real socio-scientific issues while developing models based on system dynamics will enable students to understand the system thoroughly. …


【The study was to apply a mat style reed planting method at confluence to improve plants growth conditions by relaxing disturbed topographical base due to water flow and was intended to review the effect to build up a vegetation strip by monitoring process after the construction. First off, We've attempted to construct reed mats on selected sites as confluences of Tan and Gaehwa stream and then examined and analyzed characteristics of soil and vegetation community. As the results of the examination, the soil texture was proven to be a mix of sand and loamy sand and be 6.3 ~ 7.0 soil pH. In addition, it contained 1.0 ~ 4.6% of organic matter, 0.04 ~ 0.22% of T-N and 27.8 ~ 41.2% of water content. For its vegetation structure, the Tan stream confluence was first actually a point bar without plants prior to the construction but 8 kinds of hygrophytes including Persicaria hydropiper and 9 kinds of terrestrial plants such as Potentilla supina, Artemisia annua, and Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis. On the other hand, the Gaehwa stream confluence contained 6 kinds of hygrophytes such as Bidens frondosa and other 11 kinds of terrestrial plants prior to the construction while it produced 7 kinds of hygrophytes including Ranunculus ternatus as well as Phragmites australis and 9 kinds of terrestrial plants such as Potentilla supina after the construction. For the Phragmites australis, almost of them was weathered away in early days just after planting because of development period passed, but on May, six months later from planting, it was investigated that its length was approximated as 65 ~ 85cm with 75% coverage and that the number of it was 437 ~ 633/ $m^2$ . The study was shown that reed mats can improve environmental conditions of disturbed topographical base, enabling natural growth of various riparian vegetation including the introduced plant, reed. In the meantime, it was supposedly judged that to recover or build up a vegetarian strip, supplementary materials should be prepared to help produce and grow plants because it is not probable to expect river drift by water flow at confluence and that corrosion, burying or inundation owing to changes of water lever should be considered.】


Microcontrollers are a major bottleneck in operations that involve graphic handling. They are slow and do not contain sufficient memory to effectively provide high quality graphics for embedded applications. This paper addresses the problem by designing a dedicated graphics processing unit (GPU). The architecture of proposed GPU is designed, then described using Verilog HDL and successfully mapped on Xilinx Spartan 3E board. Graphic functions initiate from host device, and instructions are offloaded to the GPU over serial interface. On the GPU side, received instruction is parsed, identified and the frame buffer is updated accordingly. The GPU provides pixel writing, line drawing, rectangle fill and text writing capabilities. The VGA interface of the FPGA board is used to show the frame buffer on a monitor. The results of this scheme open a new approach in designing embedded systems where co-processor GPU can assist a slow microcontroller with graphic instructions.


We investigate the dynamics and energetics of magnetic reconnection in a general linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. Our investigation is threefold: First, we formulate a generalized 2.5D linearized MHD system in the presence of viscous, pressure, collisionless, and axial magnetic effects. Second, we find, in accordance with previous studies, that viscous effects, while reducing the rate of reconnection, boost the rate of total energy release. Moreover, viscous dissipation, as opposed to resistive dissipation, is unlikely to be impeded by pressure forces. Third, we compare two different equilibrium axial magnetic field profiles. One profile emulates a quasiseparatrix layer and the other profile emulates a 3D null point. In 2.5D, these profiles actually correspond to a hyperbolic field threaded by an axial field and a null line, respectively. We show evidence that fast reconnection is only attainable in the presence of a null.We investigate the dynamics and energetics of magnetic reconnection in a general linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. Our investigation is threefold: First, we formulate a generalized 2.5D linearized MHD system in the presence of viscous, pressure, collisionless, and axial magnetic effects. Second, we find, in accordance with previous studies, that viscous effects, while reducing the rate of reconnection, boost the rate of total energy release. Moreover, viscous dissipation, as opposed to resistive dissipation, is unlikely to be impeded by pressure forces. Third, we compare two different equilibrium axial magnetic field profiles. One profile emulates a quasiseparatrix layer and the other profile emulates a 3D null point. In 2.5D, these profiles actually correspond to a hyperbolic field threaded by an axial field and a null line, respectively. We show evidence that fast reconnection is only attainable in the presence of a null.


Abstract : BACKGROUND: USCG is in the process of acquiring improved infrared (IR) sensor systems for installation on standard rotary-wing platforms. Historically, IR sensor systems have not been used for primary detection work. Question remains, "How can these high-tech sensors be best employed to assist in obtaining initial detections on hard-to-find targets?"


The global positioning system(GPS) receiver architecture was analyzed to develop a baseband signal processing algorithm for GPS receiver using general-purpose microprocessors.The signal processing scheme in traditional receivers was modified to create a software GPS receiver.During tracking,the local carrier and code are generated from a pre-stored carrier and code table,which reduces the computational burden.A non real-time GPS software receiver was implemented on a MATLAB platform and tested with the actual satellite signals.The test shows that the standard derivation of the positioning errors was 6.3 m.The work lays a foundation for implementation of a real-time GPS software receiver.


Waiting for Wolves in Japan: An Anthropological Study of People–Wildlife Relations. John Knight. Honolulu: University of Hawai`i Press, 2006. 296 pp.


BenjaminMiller, an accomplished scholar of international relations (IR) theory at the University of Haifa, and Ziv Rubinovitz, an Israel Institute Teaching Fellow at Sonoma State University, have written an ambitious work assessing the types of US grand strategy that American presidents have adopted from Harry Truman through Donald Trump. The authors' purpose is not to offer a detailed history of US foreign policy, but instead to introduce a general typology of grand strategies and to set out a "parsimonious" model to explain the conditions under which changes in those strategies occur. (For those unfamiliar with the term, its meaning here is that of as concise an explanation as possible, with the fewest variables and assumptions, and optimal explanatory power.) In their words, "We argue that since the end of World War II there has been an ongoing ideational competition in the foreign policy community among four major approaches: offensive realism, defensive realism, defensive liberalism, and offensive liberalism. This competition is brokered by external/systemic forces, notably the distribution of capabilities and the balance of threat" (p. 247).


Purpose – Seeks to identify the characteristics of high performance organizations (HPO) so managers can start improving their organizations in such a way that these also become HPOs.Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a meta‐analysis of the results of 91 HPO studies performed in the last and present decade.Findings – The results of the analysis offer a first picture of what a modern HPO looks like and provides the characteristics managers need to focus on in order to turn their companies into HPOs.Research limitations/implications – Despite an extensive literature search, potentially valuable studies might have been missed. Also, the studies look by definition at what organizations have done in the past, therefore not necessarily giving a guarantee that these characteristics will also be valid and of importance for the dynamic future. Further HPO research should focus on validating the characteristics found in this study so that managers can start improving their organizations with conf...


Patients and Methods A 16 year-old girl with a 9-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Results The patient's vision deteriorated from normal to legal blindness within 6 months as her ophthalmologic examination progressed from minimal background diabetic retinopathy to severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The accelerated course of diabetic eye disease is attributable to the moderate anemia resulting from the leukemia and its treatment. Conclusions Although anemia is usually well tolerated by young patients, it is not well tolerated by the diabetic retina. Diabetic patients require close ophthalmologic follow-up and aggressive management to maintain normal hemoglobin levels.


To assess contribution of T1-201 rest-24 hour delay redistribution in detection of viable myocardium, we studied the predictive value of this redistribution in 17 patients who peformed rest-24 hour delay perfusion SPECT before bypass surgery. Regional wall motion was compared with gated SPECT in 10 patients and echocardiography in 7 patients before and after bypass surgery. Rest and 24 hour delayed uptakes were scored from 0 (normal perfusion) to 3 (defect). In rest SPECT, 56 segments showed perfusion decrease. Thirty four segments(61%) improved after surgery and were defined as viable Nineteen(34%) segments had more uptake of T1-201 at 24 hour delay, and the other 37 segments did not. In 81%(25/31) of segments with mildly decreased perfusion, wall motion after bypass surgery improved, 57% (8/14) of segments with severely decreased perfusion improved, and 9%(1/11) of segments with defects improved. In 14 among 19 segments which had more T1-201 uptakes at 24 hour delay, wall motion was improved(positive predictive value of redistribution: 74%). 20 among 37 segments which had persistent decreases in rest-24 hour redistribution improved and 17 did not(negative predictive value: 46%). Segments having severe perfusion decrease or defects showed improved wall motion after surgery in 64%(7/11), if it had redistribution at delay. Segments with either mildly decreased uptake in resting or rest-delayed redistribution showed improved wall motion in 76%(32/42). Among the 14 segments which showed improvement in wall motion, 10 had partial reversibility in stress-rest images and the other 4 had persistent perfusion defects in stress-rest images. These 4 segments were found viable only with rest-24 hour delayed perfusion SPECT. We concluded that rest T1-201 uptake or redistribution at 24 hour delay should be referred as an evidence to warrant postoperative improvement of abnormal wall motion and we could predict myocardial viability with preoperative rest-24 hour delay perfusion SPECT in the segments with rest perfusion decreases.


Abstract This study is based on the findings conducted to investigate children and parents' preferences of language of learning and teaching in grades 1 – 3. This study is a survey in which interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data from pupils, parents, school heads, Foundation Phase teachers and teachers in Early Childhood Development Centres (ECDs). The sample consisted of fifty learners, forty parents, thirty school heads, hundred and fifty Foundation Phase teachers and twenty ECDs. Respondents were purposively selected from metropolitan, township and rural schools in Motheo district in Free State province in South Africa. The findings were that learners and parents preferred English as the language of instruction at Foundation Phase. It is recommended that there is a need for attitude change and thus a serious campaign for all stakeholders to appreciate the role played by the mother tongue in the early years of schooling.


In this paper, a new plan is introduced to freguency control for constant water pressure, and a special frequency controller for constant water pressure is designed. It reserves the virtue of freguency control for constant water pressure based-on traditional PLC. On the other hand, It realizes that water supply capacity can be adjusted continuously and water supply pressure can be keeped invariable, so water supply quality is improved. This system needs no programming on-line, also the parameters of PID can be adjusted automatically, so system debugging is simple and convenient.


The goal of this project is to compute the registration of two partial meshes (source and target) representing an object in two different poses. The approach is divided into two steps, both using a deformation model favoring as-rigid-as-possible deformations. If necessary, a coarse alignment between source and target is calculated in the initialization step, assuming a roughly isometric deformation and using feature based correspondences. During the refinement step, the initial correspondences and deformation parameters are refined using a non-rigid ICP variant, iterating between the calculation of correspondences based on closest points and the deformation using an as-rigid-as-possible model. We evaluate our method for single-view scan data acquired using a structured light scanner and for synthetic data involving multiple views for acquisition.


Aim . Traditionally, the dependability indicators of resistive position sensors based on wire-wound potentiometers used in various control systems are confirmed by means of appropriate dependability tests or tests of comparable products. For cases of non-availability of comparable products test data or significant changes in the product's design and materials, a method for short-term dependability testing and dependability indicators forecasting is required. Calculations of dependability indicators are to be based on statistical information on the variations of properties and parameters over the course of dependability testing along with research findings regarding the physical patterns, descriptions of process kinetics that cause such variations. Methods. The analysis of physical processes that cause catastrophic changes in resistive position sensors has shown that under electrical loads thermal and electrical fields form that cause electrokinetic, thermoelectric, thermo-diffusion effects. In all cases the rates of physical and chemical processes are functions of material temperature, have temperature dependence and are described with the Arrhenius equation. The conducted research allowed establishing that variations of the position sensors' impedance are largely defined by the processes occurring in the resistive element. The temporal dependence of impedance can be described with a logarithmic, exponential or polynomial dependence. Results. Mathematical models that describe physical and chemical processes occurring in resistive position sensors in operation allowed developing a scientifically grounded calculation and experimental method for short-term reliability testing. The method includes the description of thermal and electrical modes, durability testing conditions and timing. It is shown that the results of such tests are used in subsequent statistical processing for the purpose of forecasting dependability values. Gamma-percentile time to failure and failure rate are evaluated by means of forecasting the degradation of the acceptance criterion values. The dependence of acceptance criteria values acquired in the course of the tests is approximated by a straight line, exponential curve or a polynomial equation. The form of the approximating line for forecasting the value of gammapercentile time to failure and failure rate is defined analytically based on the adopted model that describes the physical and chemical processes occurring in potentiometers in operation. The value of acceptability criteria of gamma-percentile time to failure required by the performance specifications and technical regulations is identified through extrapolation of the approximating line as a continuation of the chosen approximating curve (straight line). Conclusions.  The provided test data for short and long-term reliability corresponds to the calculated values of dependability indicators, which confirms the applicability of the developed calculation method. The application of the proposed method allows reducing the scope and duration of costly dependability tests.


The detoxification effects of heavy metals in sediment was studied, adopting oxy calcinetion and reducing calcinations techniques to treat the Suzhou River sediment. Up to 40%~65% of Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd removed by oxy calcination at temperatures higher than 900℃ . When the temperature was 500~900℃, even though the removal effect was not obvious, but could inhibit effectively the dissolution of the heavy metals. The oxycalcination technique could not only be unable to remove Cr; but also could increase the release of Cr, this was due to the transformation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI) in the calcinations process, while adsorption of Cr(VI) on sediment was limited. The reducing calcination technique could avoid effectively the transformation of Cr(III) in sediment to Cr(VI); thus control the dissolution of heavy metals including Cr.


Sensor miniaturization and low power drain, combined with the advancements in small, untethered free descent/free ascent vehicles known as "ocean landers," make near bottom and mid-water measurements of ocean dynamics to even hadal depths possible by any size research institution. This creates an opportunity for increased global scientific collaboration, including impacts of climate and environmental change in the most remote regions. Instrumentation that fit the size and weight constraints of a small ocean lander, such as Global Ocean Design's Nanolander, include Nortek ADCPs. Acoustic sensors noninvasively capture waves, currents, and turbulence spectrum, useful in studies of sediment transport and biomass in the water column. This information complements data from other environmental sensors such as a camera, CTD or DO sensor. Together, these sensor packages provide a multidimensional understanding of a site. This combined approach of miniaturized sensors and ocean landers provides researchers a cost-effective, easily deployable means to measure a wide variety of environmental conditions over any time period defined by experimental parameters. Scientists can follow their research, play a hunch, or respond to a time-critical event much more easily. Vessels as small as 18-ft have been used routinely to deploy Nanolanders to 1km.


Schiff's bases represent a class of pharmaceutical and medicinally important molecules. The present work was conducted to synthesize some schiff's bases derived from tetrahydroisoquinoline moeties and was synthesized by the condensation reaction of aminobenzaldehyde with various aromatic amines. The product obtained in good to excellent yield (60% to 86.4%). The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra (ESI-MS) data.


The present study applied four specific training programs to the triple jump athlete Gao Chundong whose speed and explosive force were weak. His triple jump score raised 0. 8 m, reaching a level of 15. 40 m (national first grade) after one year's theming. Four specific training programs made this study aimed at raising fast jump force, developing withdrawalmuscular group force and special sustaining force. Using these progams consisting of different methods showed there was no mistaking what the programs were aimed at and gave good results. These training programs are suitable for training foe similar type of triple jump athletes.


The present invention discloses the chemical synthesis process of methyl prednisoline. By using pregnenolone acetate as initial material, the present invention prepares methyl prednisoline through the steps of: epoxidation, mildew oxidation, place-11 reduction, place I and II dehydrogenation, place VI methylation and other reaction steps. The process of the present invention has mild reaction condition, high product purity, stable product quality, high product yield and low production cost, and is suitable for industrial production of methyl prednisoline.


The production area has increased rapidly,the production and the profit have been remarkably improved,since the production of protected fruit in Liaoning Province has the advantage of its climate,resource and technology,but there are still some problems existing,such as non-conformed facilities structure,non-reasonable structure of kinds of fruit tree and varieties,conducting the cultivating technology badly,poor fruit quality,unbalanced marketing,and lower commodity level of the fruit etc.Many technologies need more research and resolve.For its more restricted factors,the production of protected fruit should suit to local conditions,develop properly,introduce and select the special varieties for protected fruit cultivating,and bring about varieties diversifying,production standardizing,running in a large scale,management modernizing,and product high and superior quality,so that it can participate in competing in the international market.


The basic health research data which has been released in 2013 shows that the anemia incidence number is still high, 21.7%. This is caused by the lack of micronutrition (fiber, folic acid, vitamin A or B12) as the result of the lack of green vegetable consumption. This research aims to reform the green spinach (Amaranthus spp.) into green spinach leather in a form of vegetable leather, to increase the perception of the vegetable reception and minimized the lost Fe content during processing to increase nutritional intake. This research uses experimental research design with the formulation of 85% green spinach leaf and 15% agar-agar as the binder. The Fe content measurement was conducted using Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The measurement of the green spinach vegetable leather product sensory acceptance is conducted using rating hedonic test. The sensory test result from 53 panelists states that the vegetable leather has a significantly better perception compared with the original spinach for the flavor attribute, aroma, and texture. The Fe content test results in the Vegetable Leather product is 3.3 mg/100 g. This result still has enough Fe content as the daily intake.


Reentry is irregular, abnormal electrophysiological activity of a heart and is thought of major cause of electrical instability leading to cardiac sudden death. A new digital video imaging system was developed and its performance was evaluated to analyze the spiral wave dynamics during polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with high spatio-temporal resolution (1 ms, 0.1 mm).


In the following article we would analyze the defin ition of communication and its connection with human society .In addition the defi nitions given at times taken for granted concepts indentified in the Greek language from antiquity and the media communication in ancient Greece, Byzantium, Indians and Romans. Will occur the basic elements of communication (sender, symbols, receiver). Will be highlighted the levels of communication through which communication processes are prioritized and classified. We will indicate the forms of the definition there of, we will approach the language from the perspective of dialectology . I addition we wil l focus on the features of dialects and deviations from the perceived «norm» of common Greek. Finally reference will be made to communication barriers and ways to improve it and lead our conclusions.


The structure of the human myelin peripheral membrane protein P2 has been refined at 0.93 Å resolution. In combination with functional experiments in vitro, in vivo and in silico, the fine details of the structure–function relationships in P2 are emerging.


Drazin Inverse and its Application to Linear Degenerate Systems by Trevor A. Wilcox Dr. Zhonghai Ding, Examination Committee Chair Assistant Professor of Mathematics University o f Nevada, Las Vegas In the thesis, we review some recent progresses on the study of Drazin inverses and the study of linear degenerate systems with nonsingular pencil. Properties of the Drazin inverse are discussed. An application of Drazin inverses to linear degenerate systems is presented. Furthermore, a numerical algorithm for calculating Drazin inverses and a FORTRAN program are provided.


Exciton–exciton interactions in doubly electronically excited molecular monolayers, may result in the formation of bound two‐exciton states (biexcitons), whose binding is induced by the change in the molecular permanent dipole moments upon electronic excitation. We solve for the biexciton energies in the dipole approximation, and explore the effects of biexcitons on the monolayer nonlinear susceptibility. Calculations are made for monolayers with molecular dipole moments oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the monolayer surface.


Based on the impulse approximation, the radiative charge exchange process in high-energy ion-atom collisions is studied with an application to the collisions between protons and hydrogen atoms, as well as collisions between various uranium ions (U/sup +2/, U/sup +36/, U/sup +92/) and various target atoms (N, Ne, Ar, Kr). The dependence on the incident-ion charge state and the target atom is discussed.


The functions of a protein can be inferred from the molecules that associate with it. A protein-molecules association can be identified from their co-occurrences in biomedical literature. Based on this, recent computational methods predict protein functions, especially with the exponential explosion of biomedical literatures post-genomic era. These methods extract information from the literatures that explicitly describe the functions of proteins. We observe that some molecule terms pertaining protein functions may co-occur implicitly with proteins in biomedical texts. Thus, these recent methods may miss vital information about protein functions that is implicitly mentioned in the literature. To overcome this, we propose an Information Extraction system called PLPF that adopts techniques for predicting the functions of proteins from their both explicit and implicit co-occurrences in biomedical texts with molecule terms pertaining protein functions. It uses a combination of explicit term extraction methods and logic-based implicit term extraction methods. Let $\boldsymbol{t}$ be a functional term that co-occurrence with an unannotated protein $\boldsymbol{p_{u}}$. PLPF will assign pu the functional category $\boldsymbol{t}$, if: (1) the co-occurrences of the pair $\boldsymbol{t}-\boldsymbol{p_{u}}$ are explicit and the pair is semantically related bases on the syntactic structures of sentences, or (2) the co-occurrences of the pair $\boldsymbol{t}-\boldsymbol{p_{u}}$ are implicit based on the inference rules of predicate logic. We evaluated PLPF by comparing it experimentally with four existing methods. Results showed marked improvement.


Reflection is a key component in teachers' educational programs. As teachers transfer human values through the subject(s) they teach, their pedagogical thinking plays an essential role in decision-making. As part of the Arctic Reformative and Exploratory Teaching Profession (ArkTOP) project (Finland), this case study examines the potential for developing pedagogical thinking in the education of primary school teachers. The aim of this study was to identify the levels of pedagogical thinking in students and educators through studying their reflections on piano courses. The results indicated that student teachers reflected on an action level rather than upon metatheory. Teacher educators shared reflections from both an object theory and metatheory level, while the student teachers' reflections were focused on their individual skills when making music. Thus, teacher educators should offer student teachers more guidance on how to reflect upon their activities and provide argumentation for their possible pedagogical decisions.


Semiconductor devices, transistors, and methods of manufacture thereof are disclosed. In an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a gate dielectric disposed over a workpiece, a gate disposed over the gate dielectric, and a spacer disposed over sidewalls of the gate and the gate dielectric. A source region is disposed proximate the spacer on a first side of the gate, and a drain region is disposed proximate the spacer on a second side of the gate. A metal layer is disposed over the source region and the drain region. The metal layer extends beneath the spacers by about 25% or greater than a width of the spacers.


This paper concerns the iterative solution of symmetric elliptic problems with piecewise constant coefficients in two or three space dimensions discretized by linear finite element methods on unstructured triangular or tetrahedral meshes. The effect of the discontinuous coefficients is studied by first postulating that there are d fixed regions of the domain where the coefficient takes constant positive values a = (a1, . . . , ad)and then considering certain (positive) coefficient sequences {a(m)} in which some of these values approach $0$ or $\infty$ as $m \rightarrow \infty$. We consider the performance of additive Schwarz domain decomposition preconditioners constructed from local solves on automatically generated subdomains together with a global solve on some coarser grid. Assuming no relationship between the regions on which the coefficient function is constant and either the subdomains or the coarse grid, we show that the preconditioned conjugate gradient method converges (in both the energy and the Euclidean norms) with a number of iterations which grows only logarithmically in the size of the maximum jump ${\cal J}^{(m)} := \max\{a_k^{(m)}/a_l^{(m)} \ : \ k, l = 1, \ldots , d\} $, as $m\rightarrow \infty$. The result is obtained by a careful analysis of the preconditioned matrix. It cannot be obtained by the usual procedure of estimating condition numbers: a simple example is given in which the condition number of both the original and the preconditioned stiffness matrices degrade linearly in ${\cal J}^{(m)}$. Recent results of Chan, Smith, and Zou have shown that by using this preconditioner together with the conjugate gradient method, the number of iterations can be bounded independently of the mesh diameter provided the subdomains have overlap commensurate with the size of the coarse mesh. Our results now show that this method is also highly resilient to discontinuous coefficients, even if no attention is paid to the coefficient discontinuity in the construction of the solver.


This article summarized the application of PBL in psychiatric teaching practice.In PBL teaching practice,questions should be designed according to various aims of teaching,and questions should be asked in various stage of class and with various forms so as to inspire the students to explore new things and make them combine their self-study with mutual study


Displacement ventilation is acknowledged to be an efficient system for the removal of contaminants and excess heat from occupied zones of rooms, this system is aiming at supplying clean undiluted supply-air directly to the zone of occupation. Air flow rate, temperature and the design of the supply device strongly influence the parameters that determine thermal comfort. In the paper, one kind of displacement ventilation systems - chair air supplying system is investigated. A full-scale experimental model is established, temperature field and velocity field are measured at different air flow rate, supply air temperature with four different chair air outlets. PIV (particle Image Velocimetry) technology is applied in measuring velocity field. The PD (percentage of Dissatisfied) in occupied zone is evaluated. The results show that this system has a stable temperature gradient, the vertical temperature difference between 0.1 m (above floor level) and 1.1 m is lower than 3 C in most cases. So a comfortable thermal environment is given by this displacement ventilation system.


The recovery method and process of tungsten, nickel and aluminum from spent catalyst was investigated, which had realized the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals about tungsten, nickel and aluminum. The results showed that leaching rate of WO3 was above 95% and the recovery was 90.85%, nickel and aluminum leaching rate were 98.27% and 90% respectively, the recovery were 91.83% and 92.78% respectively. It had got the conclusion that the technological process was developed, low-cost, high-extraction and process feasibility with good economic benefits and environmental benefits.


SUMMARY The zinc(II) biosorption capacity of non-living biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in the batch system. Concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 mg/l Zn(II) were tested. The biosorption of metals was strongly affected by pH and the concentrations of zinc adsorbed increased from pH 2.0 to maximum levels at pH 6.0. A biosorption equilibrium was established after about 15 min and the adsorbed Zn(II) ions did not significantly change further with time. Reduction in biomass concentration in the suspension at a given metal concentration enhanced the metal/biosorbent ratio, and thus increased metal uptake per gram of biosorbent. The equilibrium data could be fitted by a Langmuir isotherm equation. Under optimal conditions, up to 79.24 mg Zn(II) g biomass was adsorbed.


Australian federal government enacted Sustainability Curriculum Framework as a guidance document for curriculum developers and policy makers in May 2010.The Framework gives a description of sustainability curriculum in three broad year groupings in terms of three organizers: sustainability action process,knowledge of ecological and human systems repertoires of practice,which is characterized by practice,development,compatibility and flexibility.It has inspiration for Chinese sustainability education in primary and secondary schools,such as carrying forward education for sustainability through a particular curriculum and establishing sustainability curriculum framework;highlighting the features of practice of education for sustainability and enhancing research on mechanism that brings up sustainability action;constructing curriculum system of education for sustainability and strengthening research on learning psychology of education for sustainability.


Abstract Greening technology is gaining more attention in different aspects, especially the surface transport. This technology aims to improve performance and reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, a typical automotive spark ignition engine with four cylinders and 1600 cc displacement was considered. This work introduces a neuro-fuzzy approach that can be used to design an intelligent system for controlling the overlap angle in the spark ignition engine cycle. The simulation results showed that the neuro-fuzzy-based control system for varying the overlap angle achieved increased engine power and reduced fuel consumption in comparison with the conventional engine that used fixed overlap angle. The power was improved by about 2.2–12.6 %, while the BSFC was reduced by about 2%-11%.


Background In recent decades, the amount of data about allergic rhinitis (AR) in Korean National Health Insurance Service has increased. Objective To investigate the prevalence and quality of sensitized allergens of AR in Korean children and adolescents. Methods This study obtained the results of the Korean International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires and the skin-prick test (SPT) results of 14,356 students who participated in a health screening from 2010 to 2014. AR was defined as one with current symptoms of AR with at least one or more positive results of an SPT with inhalant allergens. Results The prevalence of AR in children was 20.8%. Positive rates of the allergen group were 87.3% for house-dust mites, 37.0% for pollen, 12.4% for mold, and 8.4% for pets. The common allergens in descending order were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Betula, Humulus, Alnus, and Alternaria. As the children became older, pollen-sensitization rates tended to increase (p value for trends, <0.001). In metropolitan and middle inland areas, weed pollen was the most common pollen. The rates of tree-pollen sensitization were the highest at the seaside and in the southern inland. The most common comorbid allergic diseases associated with AR were pollen allergy and allergic conjunctivitis at 37.0% and 34.5%, respectively. Conclusions This was the first study conducted in Korea to investigate the prevalence of AR in the general population by using both questionnaires and SPTs. The allergens used for the SPTs were chosen based on the common allergens in this study, and this current pollen data will contribute to establish the cause of increasing AR prevalence in Korea.


Abstract : VIA Team Mission Statement: To develop a near real time, two way, mobile, lightweight, robust and low cost multi-lingual language translation device that can be operated with minimal training in a hands free manner. This report describes the current status of ViA's Phase 1 SBIR to develop a mobile language translator. The objectives of this Phase 1 research effort are as follows: (1) Investigate the scientific, technical and commercial merit and feasibility of the system described in the preceding mission statement; (2) use the results of this investigation to select the best approach for the language translator system; (3) Develop a working prototype that will be delivered to the government representative. There are three technical areas that are being investigated: (1) the mobile computer platform; (2) the operator interface; and (3) the language translation software. The commercial feasibility study includes identifying potential applications, languages to be supported, cost, and user requirements such as performance specifications, system weight and acceptable battery life. By combining both the commercial and technical elements, the ViA team is developing a complete definition and functional prototype of a mobile, near real time language translation device.


This paper discusses the features of structuring university education in the developed countries (Great Britain and Russia). The intrinsic analysis is made of functioning of educational systems in these countries. The authors give grounds for the possible conceptual bases of formation and development of a regional educational system, taking into account integration, continuity of education and ethnocultural orientation of educational system in the Adyghea Republic.


Serum albumin of Monopterus albus was obtained through the steps of mixing ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, and named MAA-serum, which is a single chain protein with molecular weigh of 67 kDa. MAA-serum is not a glycoprotein. The N-terminal amino acid sequence is GHKKW. The purified MAA-serum was used to immunize rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody with the dosage of 0.5 mg/per rabbit. After immunized three times, the rabbits were anesthetized with ether, then the blood was collected by a cardiac puncture, and precipitate with saturated ammonium sulfate to obtain polyclonal antibody. ELISA data demonstrated that the antibody titer of the serum was up to 1∶100 000. The anti MAA-serum polyclonal antibody had a high quality of potency and specificity. The antibody provided an useful experimental tool to profoundly research the tissue expression profile and biological function of MAA-serum.


Regeneration of the natural zeolite adsorbed by NH4+ by use of saturated sodium chloride solution was examined. The following results were obtained.1) The regeneration rate of zeolite was not dependent on their place of occurrence and crystal structures.An empirical formula to predict regeneration rate by the particle size and the solution temperature was obtaind.2) The space velocity of saturated sodium chloride solution in the regeneration column was determind in order to make the retention time in the column equal to the regeneration time given by the obtained empirical formula.The volume of the regeneration solution used to obtain 90% regeneration ratio was 1.7ml · meq-1 for Clinoptilolite and 0.8ml · meq-1 for Mordenite regardless of NH4+ exchange capacity.3) The regeneration solution was reused after NH4+ was removed. The regeneration capacity of the reused solution was almost the same as the new solution although K+, Ca++ and Mg++ accumulated in the solution. The sodium chloride used treat one cubic meter of the model wast water by the presented process was 104 grams for Clinoptilolite and 81 grams for Mordenite.


sarcoid lesions on the chest and back. She said that these had first appeared in 1932 -i.e. shortly after the eyes first began to give trouble. A biopsy showed the typical picture of benign lymphogranulomatosis. At that time there was no lymphatic enlargement. A skiagram of the chest showed very extensive fibrosis, suggestiRg to the radiologist a diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis or alveolar carcinomatosis. A bilateral iridectomy was performed in 1934 together with the extraction of the lens from the right eye. Exudate, however, closed the iridectomy area and no obvious improvement was obtained. In 1936, a further iridectomy was performed, again without any improvement resulting, since as on the first occasion, the anterior chamber filled with a dense white exudate. Mr. Geoffrey Bridgeman, who kindly furnished me with the report on the eye condition (by permission of Sir Stewart Duke-Elder) says that the optic condition is one of chronic plastic iridocyclitis, showing relapses whenever any intra-ocular operation is undertaken. The patient has unfortunately not been seen from the dermatological point of view since 1934. She now presents a very extensive sarcoid eruption covering the chest, back, and arms. This in appearance and distribution strikingly resembles a secondary syphilide. The lesions are circinate in many places, with involuting centres. Some lesions have healed, leaving a faint scarring. On the forearms there are many papules the size of a split pea-some of them tending to be grouped. All the lesions are epidermal. This eruption has been present for eight months and is now fading. Tonsils slightly enlarged; epitrochlear glands palpable; spleen palpable. A skiagram of the chest shows that the fibrosis is less in extent than it was in 1934. Bones unaffected. Wassermann and Mantoux reactions negative. On physical examination the chest appears normal. Apart from her eyes her general health appears to be completely unimpaired. The case is of interest since serious ocular manifestations do not appear to be common in the reported ca.es of benign lymphogranulomatosis. In this case they have been the first symptoms to be noticed and have resulted in practically total blindness. The skin eruption is unusual, on account of its widespread nature and apparently sudden onset. After having a few chronic nodules of the more usual dermal type which spontaneously disappeared, she suddenly has, as it were, exploded in the manner of a secondary syphilitic eruption.


Objective:This paper proposes a design of portable ECG monitor in dual processor based on 3G,analyzes the design for function module. Methods:Bases on 3G,network,multimedia technology,the monitor equips an TMS302VC5402 micro-processor as its main controller,digital signals processor BSP15 process multimedia message,and 3G communication module HC25 to realize the wireless communication. Results:The system has the functions of ECG display and automated analysis and diagnosis,which can detect and send the data to monitoring center of hospital within the coverage of 3G network.The system can help a patient far away from the hospital save herself(or himself) by the two-way video technology. Conclusions:The realization of this system can help doctor real-time,full-scale,no the region restrainedly to obtain the ECG message of patient. The system is suitable for the patient of coronary.The 3G leads the ECG information to deliver more rapidly and conveniently.


The Californian strawberry cultivars Camarosa (short day), Gaviota (short day) and Diamante (day neutral), released in New Zealand in the past five years, were compared in the 2002-03 season with the older Californian cultivar Pajaro (short day), the most widely grown cultivar in the Auckland region for many years. All of the recently released Californian cultivars above produced significantly greater yields than Pajaro. Gaviota produced a similar percentage of saleable fruit to Camarosa, but a significantly lower yield. Diamante produced a lower percentage of saleable fruit than Camarosa, particularly during periods of wet weather, and a significantly lower yield. Yield in all short day cultivars was lower in plants from the low altitude Katikati nursery than the high altitude Ohakune nursery. There was no consistent relationship of yield and planting time. Yield peaked in midDecember following a cold spring. Additional keywords: Camarosa, Gaviota, Pajaro, Diamante, short day cultivars, chilling.


Objective To investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba extracts on the L-type calcium channel protein mRNA expression of the cardiomyocyte in the experimental type 2 diabetes rats,so as to study the therapeutic effect of ginkgo biloba extracts on the type 2 diabetes.Methods Diabetes rat model were induced by high glucose and high fat feedstuff and low-dosage streptozotocin.The 20 rats were randomized into diabetes group,therapy group,and 10 additional normal rates were taken as control group.The rats in therapy group were lavaged with ginkgo biloba extracts,the other two groups were lavaged with 0.9% NaCl injection.After ten weeks,mRNA expressions of the L-type calcium channel protein of all groups were detected by RT-PCR.Results The expressions of the L-type Calcium protein mRNA in each group were(0.157±0.028),(0.257±0.025),and(0.226±0.029) respectively,the differences were significant(F=28.232,P=0.000).The expressions of the L-type Calcium protein mRNA of diabetes group and therapy group were significantly higher than that of the control group,while the therapy group was significantly lower than the model group.(P0.05).After 10 weeks,the level of blood glucose in diabetes group was significantly increased compared with control group,while it is significantly decreased in the therapy group compared with diabetes group(P0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extracts can decrease the blood glucose and the L-type calcium channel protein mRNA expression in the cardiomyocyte of the type 2 diabetes rats.Ginkgo biloba extracts have therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes.


The Rayleigh number at which steady convective flow changes to time-dependent flow is determined experimentally for several fluids with Prandtl numbers from 1 to 104. The time dependence is of two forms: (i) a slow tilting of the cell boundary, with time scale of the vertical thermal diffusion time, (ii) an oscillation with a faster time scale determined by the orbit time of the fluid around the cell. The nature of this oscillation is one of hot (or cold) spots advected with the original cellular motion. At a fixed point in the fluid this produces a time periodic oscillation of the temperature. A discrete change of slope of the heat flux curve accompanies this transition. As the Rayleigh number is increased, transition to disorder is seen to result from an increase in the frequency and number of these oscillations.


One possible solution is for the 25 or 30 largest corporations in a metropolitan region each to create a new position which might be called &dquo;President&dquo; or &dquo;Vice President of External Affairs&dquo;. Such a person would not be a lobbyist, but would be that corporation's full time representative in the community and on city and regional governmental levels. He should have a total grasp of his company's philosophy as well as close enough communications with the &dquo;Internal President&dquo; that he can make financial commitments if needed. In other words, the new External Affairs President would replace the current President in most community affairs and be available for assignment to strategic governmental commissions. The net result to a community would be an expert corps of business urbanologists, always available to participate in solving problems with local and regional government.


Language "crossing," the term coined by Rampton to describe codeswitching by linguistic outsiders, is itself not a new phenomenon. It is part of the experience of the immigrant, the tourist, the exchange student, and increasingly, any participant in a large urban community. Recently such crossing has attracted broad interest, and the depth of the experience the "motions and flavors of... vastly different subjectivities" that are possible through language crossing (Hoffman 1989:210) has been explored in several memoirs devoted to such experience (Hoffman 1989, Davidson 1993, Kaplan 1994, Torgovnick 1994). Like these literary explorers, some scholars of language have begun to notice the poetic potential of language crossing, as well as the often undervalued insight of the "non-native speaker" (Kramsch 1997). Amid this increasing recognition of language diversity, and reflection on the human complexity of multilingual interactions and communities, Rampton's book brings sociolinguistic and anthropological insight to the analysis of crossing. Unlike the memoirists discussed above, who primarily describe their own individual development as language/culture crossers, Rampton's goal is to investigate empirically how "interpersonal conduct can be linked up with widespread social change" (16). Accordingly, he delves into the political and sociological meanings of the practice to understand its relevance to language policy, language acquisition, and the politics of culture in contemporary British society. Rampton's task is by no means simple, but his meticulous coverage of the issues involved in language crossing does justice to the complexity of the practice. His starting point is the work of Hewitt 1986, who studied the practice and politics of Creole crossing in East London by wiring adolescents with microphones and recording their talk. While Rampton clearly admires Hewitt's ideas and methods, his study expands on that work by including code-crossing in Stylized Asian English (SAE) and Panjabi (in addition to Creole), and by more carefully scrutinizing the micro-details of interaction. Rampton replicates Hewitt's methods, but he also incorporates analytic techniques from interactional sociolinguistics,


Much has been said and written about the peer review process for scientific journals. A simple search of the MEDIS database reveals 435 articles that contain the term "peer review." The first International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, sponsored by the American Medical Association and to be held in 1989 in Chicago, 1 will delve into the effectiveness of this process extensively. But there is another side to the peer review process. The administration of a peer review file and its daily use for reviewing manuscripts is complicated. 2 Management of such a large body of data has been made somewhat easier through computerization. Our peer reviewer file and manuscript processing procedures were converted from paper to electronics in 1988 through a difficult and tedious process. The file of nearly 6000 reviewer names, addresses, and relevant information is now available on a computer database. When a manuscript arrives


John Collins' two articles (Collins, 1975; 1978) are the most ambitious, indeed the only coherent attempts to propose a theory of the internal structuring of the Australian working class by modern capitalism. He starts from the existence of contradictory trends towards simplification of the class structure into two major classes, yet simultaneously towards 'complexity and differentiation within the ranks of the two major classes' and he seeks to explain this in terms of the objective needs of the capitalist mode of production for 'the production and reproduction of labour power (and hence of capital accumulation) and of the social relations of production (class relations)', (Collins, 1978: 43) in other words for profitability and social