Its botanical name is Nigella sativa. It is believed to be indigenous to the Mediterranean region but has been cultivated into other parts of the world including the Arabian peninsula, northern Africa and parts of Asia.The Black seeds originate from the common fennel flower plant (Nigella sativa) of the buttercup (Ranunculaceae) family. It is sometimes mistakenly confused with the fennel herb plant. The Black Seed forms a fruit capsule which consists of many white trigonal seeds. Once the fruit capsule has matured, it opens up and the seeds contained within are exposed to the air, becoming black in color.The Black Seed is rich in nutritional values. It contain almost 40% fixed oils and 1.4% volatile oils. It also contains around fifteen amino acids, proteins, calcium, iron, sodium, and potassium. Among its most effective compositions are thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and thymol. The magazine Food Chemistry found the Black Seed to be high in protein, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins A, B1, B2, C and niacin as well as calcium, potassium and iron. These are the very nutrients that modern science has found that we most lack. It also provides many of the same nutrients that the FDA recommends to help prevent disease and slow down the aging process It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like homeopathic. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment different types of diseases and ailments. it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-eNabwi (Prophetic Medicine). It has been widely used as antihypertensive, liver tonics, diuretics, digestive, anti-diarrheal, appetite stimulant, analgesics, anti-bacterial and in skin disorders. Extensive studies on N. sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, antioxidant properties, etc. Due to its miraculous power of healing, N. sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines. Cancer is one of the major threats of modern life, which is considered as the second cause of death after myocardial infarction. Millions of people die every year in different types of cancer despite tremendous efforts to find methods of control and cure. In the last century, great advances were made in modern homeopathic medical science to control disease. Many active ingredients have been found in the seeds of N. sativa. The seeds contain both fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin Ghosheh (1999) described the quantification of four pharmacologically important components: thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone (DTQ), thymohydroquinone (THQ), and thymol (THY), in the oil of N. sativa seed by HPLC. Much of the biological activities of the seeds have been shown to be due to thymoquinone, the major component of the essential oil, which is also present in the fixed oil .TQ is considered as potent anti-oxidant anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic agent. Moreover, TQ is a relatively safe compound, particularly when given orally to experimental animals . Alpha (α)-hederin, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin.


and predecessor, Professor Phillips, the Drift beds of the neighbourhood of Oxford and the Thames Valley. Beyond the fact of the occurrence of flints in the Thames Valley, he was not aware of the widespread distribution of chert from the Lower Greensand on the higher hills of the Thames district, on which I mainly based my hypothesis of the Southern Drift. In fact, at that time, no one had recognised this chert debris, or if it had been noticed the fragments were spoken of as Snrsen-stones. So far back as 1847, in "The Ground Beneath Us," after speaking of the flint gravel of the Thames Valley, I say : " It must have been from some distant spot that the materials of this gravel had been derived The nearest place . . . . is in the range of hills passing by Croydon and Epsom, a distance of six to ten miles southward from Clapham." Again, " Whatever may have been the cause of this exceptional phenomenon the great and preponderating mass of flint debris from the Chalk hills, and of sandstone and chert from the Greensand hills of Surrey, leaves no reasonable doubt that the main bulk of the gravel of Clapham and of London has been derived and transported from the Surrey downs and Sussex hills." Mr. Shrubsole sees a difficulty in the existence of a Wealden dome, which he considers open to question. But how, without higher ground than any in the Thames Valley, could debris from the Lower Greensands have drifted over the ground to the northward of it? These remarks are not intended to convey any disparagement of Professor Phillips' excellent work, which I have often had occasion to study with advantage. JOSEPH PBESTWICH.


Purpose To explore the high resolution CT(HRCT) manifestations and pathological features of pneumonia type carcinoma of lung(PTCL) patients with different ages. Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients with pathology-proven PTCL were selected, and divided into young and middle age group(60 years, n=14) and old age group( ≥ 60 years, n=22), the image manifestations and pathological features of PTCL in both groups were compared. Results The main types of PTCL in young and middle age group were pure ground-glass nodule, mixed ground-glass nodule and simple pulmonary segmental and pulmonary lobar consolidations(n=10) and the main types of PTCL in old age group were mixed morphogenetie shadows, eonsolidations with fibroses and masses and simple pulmonary segmental and pulmonary lobar consolidations(n=19), with signifcant difference between the two groups(χ2=12.103, P0.05). The frequency rate of peripheral distribution of lesions, uniformity consolidation and protrusion interlobar fssure in old age group were higher than those in young and middle age group with signifcant difference(χ2=3.859, 5.719, 12.837, P0.05), and the frequency of heterogenous consolidation in young and middle age group was higher than that of old age group(χ2=5.719, P0.05). The change rate of lesions in old age group was lower than that in young and middle age group after six months follow-up(χ2=11.137, P0.05). Conclusion The main type of patients PTCL in young and middle age are pure ground-glass nodule,mixed ground-glass nodule and simple pulmonary segmental and pulmonary lobar consolidations; and the main image features of old age group are peripheral distribution of lesions, uniformity consolidation and protrusion interlobar fssure, which have the low change rate of lesions, and pathology examination should be early underwent for defnite diagnosis.


Occult traditions have inspired considerable musical ingenuity over the centuries, as well as some undeniable masterpieces. From the Pythagorean concept of a music of the spheres to the occult subculture of 20th-century pop and rock, music has often attempted to express mystical states of mind, cosmic harmony, the demonic and the divine--nowhere more so, perhaps, than in the music for occult and science fiction films such as The Mephisto Waltz, The Devil Rides Out, Star Trek, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, The Omen and The Exorcist.


Recent evidence that industrial accidents may be caused in part by shiftworkers' lack of alertness has caused growing concern at the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and within the scientific community. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was threefold: (1) Is sleepiness on the job specific to utility plants (2) Are performance and safety problems caused by sleepiness specific to utility plants (3) Are specific shift schedules associated with a higher prevalence of sleepiness Findings indicate sleepiness on the job among shiftworkers is a widespread problem, not limited to the nuclear power industry. The most common solution in American industry is to overstaff each shift and discipline sleeping employees. Results show this is not effective. A more proactive solution is recommended including some of the following: (1) Provide employees education to assist adjustment to shiftwork. (2) Design and implement shift schedules that are more compatible with human physiological capabilities. (3) Allow officially sanctioned napping on shift as is done in Japan. (4) Divide 6-, 8-, or 12-h shifts into smaller blocks of 2 to 3 h of primary duty. (5) make the environment where employees work more conductive to alertness. (6) Develop a firehouse type of schedule wheremore » some employees sleep throughout the night, but are awakened if operational problems arise. (7) Provide incentives to employees to adjust their life style to the night shift and reward them with time off.« less


The issue addressed in this article is twofold; first of all, it seeks to show how pragmatics and semantics are two inseparable fields, for both of them are related to meaning. Nevertheless, needless to say, meaning in pragmatics seems to be more meaningful since it relates to real situations. In addition, the work depicts the language used in political spheres where the former Organization of the African Union (OAU) Chairperson Robert Mugabe displays anger since he is asked to give up the leadership of Zimbabwe, his cake. The speech is a real cacophony: use of non-sentences, banter principle, ellipses and so on; which reveal Mugabe's uneasiness and of course he is not ready to yield in. To reach the goal assigned to this study, the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was used. In addition to the CDA, Speech Act Theory (SAT) was of great deal to depict Mugabe's sense of irony and lack of politeness. However, Mugabe, the outgoing Chairperson of the OAU, succeeded to call for reforms at the United Nations (UN). Despite his hypocritical attitude, the Africans, i.e. "us" as opposed to "them", i.e. the Westerners; are shown by the addresser (Mugabe) to be under domination of Europe. Besides, through laments, he clearly demonstrated that the latter are dictators and have no lesson about democracy to give to the former.


Electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties of flexible supercapacitors assembled with nanostructured activated carbon fabric (ACF) electrodes can be tailored by applying a pressure and tuning electrolyte ion size relative to electrode pore size. Experimental results reveal that increasing pressure between the supercapacitor electrodes can significantly improve capacitive performance. The ratio of solvated ion size in the electrolyte to the pore size on the electrodes determines the minimum pressure necessary to achieve an optimum performance. For a specific electrode material, this minimum pressure for optimum performance is primarily governed by the size of the larger solvated ions (either the anions or cations), and is lower (∼689 KPa) when the ratio of the solvated ion size to the pore size is higher than 0.6, and is higher (at least 1379 KPa) when the ratio is lower than 0.6. An analytical model capable of predicting the experimental performance data has been developed. These results together provide a fundamental understanding of pressure dependence of electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties and pave the way for practical applications of flexible supercapacitors.


Employer-based trip reduction (EBTR) strategies are the transportation demand management elements of commuter option programs that target commuter travel. This paper reports the results of 2 surveys conducted in the Atlanta metropolitan area of implementation of EBTR strategies and employer perceptions of associated costs and benefits. On average, less than 25% of employers surveyed utilized EBTR strategies. Survey results indicate that employers commonly perceive that EBTR strategies provide minimal benefits for the company, that employers believe their employees lack interest in such measures, and that upper management does not provide support. Employers regard the distance between work location and transit as a significant barrier to implementing EBTR programs, and onsite sale of transit passes is associated with cost, equity, and operational concerns. However, members of transportation management associations and Atlanta's Clean Air Campaign report higher levels of implementation.


The invention discloses the slow-wave structure of a kind of helix TWT and the preparation method of this slow-wave structure, including being from inside to outside sequentially connected with fixing helix, supporting rod and shell;It is provided with active metallization layer on the face, effective coverage contacted with helix on supporting rod internal face;The joint face fixing for connection corresponding with supporting rod internal face in helix outside wall surface is that plane is arranged;Along the axis direction of helix, the outside wall surface of supporting rod is that the first inclined-plane is arranged;The internal face of shell is provided with second inclined-plane corresponding with the outside wall surface of supporting rod.The present invention is by using brazing metal so that after welding, solder can fill supporting rod and the slight void on helix contact surface so that it is being in close contact completely, its thermal resistance is the least;And by the preparation method of slow-wave structure provided by the present invention, the slow-wave structure obtained can be used in high-power spiral line row wave tube, has and can reduce thermal contact resistance, improve the advantages such as slow-wave structure radiating efficiency.


An effective method of coupling optical signal from single mode fiber to thin film waveguide applicable to integrated optical (IO) devices is shown. The technique uses a coupling waveguide of garnet material. The matching of propagation constants between thin film and garnet material is achieved by controlling the thickness of the thin film waveguide. Mismatching of propagation constants due to variation of film thickness along the propagation length and its refractive index variation are considered in the analysis of coupled power. Polymer, co-polymer and polymerized solgel solution are used for the IO waveguide devices. Different structures of thin films are shown. Conditions for improving the optical power coupling efficiency will also be discussed.


We have applied the Glauber and Metropolis prescriptions to investigate the stationary states of the Ising model in one and two dimensions. We have employed the formalism of the master equation to follow the evolution of the system towards the stationary states. Although the Glauber and Metropolis transition rates lead the system to the same equilibrium states for the Ising model in the Monte Carlo simulations, we show that they can predict different results if we disregard the correlations between spins. The critical temperature of the one-dimensional Ising model cannot even be found by using the Metropolis algorithm and the mean field approximation. However, taking into account only correlations between nearest neighbor spins, the resulting stationary states become identical for both Glauber and Metropolis transition rates.


Based on its connotation the integrated management model of equipment development and manufacture is analyzed in the paper.Five integrated management models is put forward,including corporation,group,cluster,trade and nation.The working mechanism of integrated management model is discussed.


Common sense" is an important concept in western philosophy. With general,direct and clear characteristics,it involves metaphysics,epistemology and practical philosophies so it is often discussed in western philosophy. Its significance,positions and roles in western philosophy can be shown by studies of British classical empiricism,Scottish common-sense philosophy and critical common-sensism. Therefore,we should emphasize the study of the notion when we study western philosophy.


The biosorption of ions from five heavy metal elements(Cd2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Cr6+) by Isochrysis galbana is studied to discuss the relationship between the algal growth and the ion absorption to compare the algal absorption ability for each kind of ion with the others.The result shows that Isochrysis galbana has a stronger heavy metalion absoption abilities in the initial algal growth stage,while the biosorption abilities become weaker in the later time of the logarithmic growth stage.The absorption abilities of Isochrysis galbana for the five kinds of heavy metal ions can be put into an order as follows.Pb2+≈Cu2+Zn2+Cr6+Cd2+.


The invention cyclooctane to a new Are as defined in the above formula, X, Y and Q are each specification.


Tensor distributions of several four‐vector variables which transform according to a finite representation of the Lorentz group are considered. We give a canonical classification of all possible forms of such objects; this is used to show that, in the relevant cases, it is sufficient to regularize them with respect to the invariants that may be formed out of the variables to obtain analytic functions. We apply this result to Wightman functions, showing a result similar to a theorem proved in position space by Borchers under different assumptions.


Introduction An unwanted side effect of MRI is the production of uncomfortable and sometimes harmful levels of noise. The noise levels can easily reach values above 100 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and are a result of the (fast) switching of the gradient coils. The changing currents in the coil together with the static B-field lead to Lorentz forces which produce vibrations of the gradient coil. Hedeen et al. [1] showed that the relation between the applied pulse sequence and the produced sound can be modelled as a linear time invariant (LTI) model with gradient current as input and produced sound as output. The transfer function (H) relates the gradient input currents to the produced sound and was measured by Hedeen et al. [1] using trapezoids with 1 ms duration and 0.1 ms rise and fall times. Here we present a similar approach but using a step like change in gradient strength (from 0 to 10 mT/m in 0.1 ms) to determine the acoustic response of a 3T MRsystem. In addition, we show how a trapezoidal gradient pulse can be optimized such that a particular resonance frequency of the gradient coil is inherently damped by the gradient waveform itself. Methods & Results All measurements were performed on a 3T Philips scanner equipped with a dual Quasar gradient coil. The sound was recorded at the isocenter of the scanner with a Bruel Kjaer condenser microphone (4190), mounted on a non magnetic support, connected to a B&K sound analyzer (2260) through the appropriate preamplifier and a 10 m long extension cable. Acquisition of the scanner gradient current monitor signal and of the microphone signal took place via a 16 bits DAC board (National Instruments 6052E). All analog signals were low-pass filtered before acquisition at a 100 kHz sampling rate. A series of trapezoidal waveforms (0.1 ms rise and fall times with a 500 ms plateau of 10 mT/m) was presented every 0.7 s for 18 seconds (Figure 1) to each gradient axis separately. The 24 acoustic responses to the trapezoidal waveform were averaged after applying a high-pass butterworth filter (cutoff frequency 5 Hz). Figure 1 shows that the responses are clearly separated and limited to the blocks rising and falling edges (i.e., in first approximation positive and negative step responses). Figure 2A shows the calculated transfer function for the X-gradient using the Fourier transform (FT) of the derivative of the current as input and the FT of the produced sound as output. The main resonance frequencies are at 617, 1070 and 1281 Hz for the X-gradient, 618 and 968 Hz for the Y-gradient (transfer function not shown) and 1336 and 1576 Hz for the Z-gradient (transfer function not shown). We noticed (not shown here) that the responses to the rising and falling edges were almost identical apart from having an opposite phase. This observation was exploited to design gradient waveforms that inherently damp certain resonance frequencies of the gradient coil. By appropriately timing the falling edge, a particular resonance frequency can be damped because it is excited out of phase with respect to the rising edge. Or to be more precise: Each trapezoid can be constructed as a convolution of two block pulses. Furthermore, the FT of a block pulse (of width L) is a sinc function with its first zero at f=1/L in the frequency domain. Because a convolution in the time domain translates to a product in the frequency domain under an FT, each trapezoid inherently damps two frequencies. Or the other way around: By appropriately determining the width of two block pulses, a trapezoidal waveform can be constructed that damps two resonances of the gradient coil. This is illustrated in figure 2B where we show the acoustic response of the X-gradient to a trapezoidal gradient waveform that was constructed by the convolution of blocks with width L1=1/1070=0.93 ms and L2=1/617=1.6 ms. As can be seen in the figure the two main resonances at 617 and 1070 Hz are clearly damped. The third resonance at 1281 Hz is also suppressed because it is close to the first harmonic of the resonance at 617 Hz. In addition, figure 2C and D show the responses to a trapezoidal and triangular waveform with equal duration and gradient area but having maximum and minimum slew rate, respectively. The measured SPL for the three waveforms was 76.0, 85.5 and 78,9 dB for optimized convolution, trapezoidal and triangular pulse, respectively. Discussion In addition to the existing literature [2], [3] on 'silent' gradient waveforms, we provide a theoretical framework that allows designing gradient pulses that inherently damp certain resonance frequencies. The optimal trapezoidal pulse reduced the SPL by 9 dB compared to a trapezoidal with maximum slew rate, equal area and identical length. A drawback of the proposed convolution pulse is that the timing and length (2.5 ms) are completely fixed by the resonance frequencies of the gradient coil. Ideally, in future coil design the resonance frequencies should be matched to the maximum gradient performance using the proposed method. Finally, we like to note that in contrast to the work of Hedeen et al. [1] we calculated the transfer function using the derivative of the current as input instead of the current itself. Although mathematically this only leads to an additional 1/f factor in the transfer function it also reflects more clearly the fact that it is the change in current that produces the sound. In addition, it leads to a transfer function that falls off as at least 1/f. The latter is to be expected for a realizable physical system because a flat spectrum corresponds to an unlimited amount of energy in the system. In the future we hope to extend the work on 'silent' gradient waveforms from single pulses to EPI like readout trains. References [1] R. Hedeen and W. Edelstein, "Characterization and prediction of gradient acoustic noise in MR imagers," Magn. Reson. Med., vol. 37, pp. 7-10, 1997. [2] F. Hennel, F. Girard and T. Loenneker, "'Silent' MRI With Soft Gradient Pulses", Magn. Reson. Med., vol 42, pp 6-10, 1999. [3] T.P. Eagan, T. N. Baig , J. Derekshan, J. L.Duerk and R.W. Brown, "Acoustic Noise Suppression: Gradient Self-Help?", ISMRM 2007. Figure 1: Trapezoidal input waveform (A) and acoustic response (B)


Degradation regularity of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates(LAS) was studied in the reaction stage during the treatment wastewater from synthetic detergent production by SBR process,and the primary analysis of bio-degradation kinetics of LAS was reported.The results showed that after aerating for about 6 hours,the concentration of LAS in the wastewater can reach national effluent standard under such experimental conditions(initial concentration of LAS ≤ 90 mg/L;temperature range:(23.0±0.5)?℃).Bio-degradation process of LAS can be simulated well by both Monod model and the first order reaction equation under the condition of low substrate concentration.The corresponding kinetic parameters were determined.


The anomalous drag, D, due to large amplitude plasma waves is used for the first time, in place of η*j, to estimate dissipation at the sub-solar magnetopause and to determine the extent to which this drag accounts for the reconnection electric field. This anomalous drag is determined by measuring correlations of the fluctuations in the electric field and plasma density. Large amplitude electric fields occurred more than 60% of the time in the more than 100 sub-solar, low latitude magnetopause crossings of the THEMIS satellite. They occurred mainly near the magnetospheric separatrix in the form of electrostatic lower hybrid and whistler waves. The anomalous drag at the separatrix was generally <10% of the average reconnection electric field, and it was <1% of the field in the current sheet. Thus, anomalous drag due to waves is not a significant driver of reconnection or of the required dissipation at the sub-solar magnetopause.


: Hermoelectrical studies of Ni substituted Ni– Mg–Zn–Cu ferrites of various compositions were studied from room temperature to well beyond the Curie temperature by differential method. The series of samples were prepared by standard double sintering ceramic method. The Seebeck coefficient was measured as a function of temperature and found to be negative for all compositions showing that these ferrites are n-type semiconductors. The variation of thermoelectric power as a function temperature is discussed based on obtained results .


With the rapid development of e-commerce in our country, many college students regard e-commerce as their preferred business model for personal entrepreneurship. Under the new situation, the e-commerce education for undergraduates should be strengthened. The emphasis is to strengthen the "three education" such as the popularization education of entrepreneurial awareness of e-commerce, the specialized education of entrepreneurial skills and the personalized education of undertaking actual combat; the establishment of "Internet + E-business innovation education "platform for learning, entrepreneurs, schools, families, businesses and social communication platform, public support platforms such as" three platforms "to build schools, families and all sectors of society's three-dimensional ecological help education system.


The titled tetraselenanaphthalene derivative (BEDO-TSeN) has been synthesized using the reaction of 1,4-dioxene-2,3-diselenolate with tetraiodo- or tetrabromoethylene. The structure of this tetraselenanaphthalene derivative was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The π-donor property of this molecule was determined by CV analysis.


Porencefaliya is the presence in the brain containing fluid cavities. the last one may be single or multiple, often arranged symmetrically and are associated with the ventricular system. This article describes a clinical case of a patient with congenital porencefaliey. He lived with her for a lifetime without gross focal symptoms and is found in 59 years on MRI examination.


Abstract The interparticle distance between black aggregates in rubber was estimated by Fraunhofer diffraction with the mask of an electron micrograph of filled rubber. Up to 40 phr, the distribution of interpartiele distance has a sharp peak centered at 8000 A˚ with 20 phr and at 7000 A˚ with 40 phr. Above 60 phr, the interparticle distance distributes broadly in the vicinity of 4000 A˚. The size of black aggregates at 20 phr extends from 300 A˚ (one particle) to 3000 A˚, and the average diameter is 1200 A˚. Above 40 phr, black trends to aggregate more than at 20 phr, and the average diameter is about 1500–1600 A˚, the maximum diameter being 5000 A˚. In one black aggregate, there are about 40 spherical particles. The relation between the size and interparticle distance shows that isolated black aggregates are distributed in rubber under 40 phr and that at 40 phr they begin to connect partly with each other. Above 60 phr, a network of chains of black develops everywhere. The contact of black aggregates at...


While isolating the hypoglycaemic principle from Mzrsa sapientum, three crystalline fractions were obtained from the extracts of flowers. These were tested for their pharmacological and hypoglycaemic activities. The third fraction, m-p. 129-131" C was found to be most active (J a i n, 1967, 1968). The obtained substance was soluble in petroleum ether, chloroform, and other nonpolar solvents but less soluble in polar solvents. Its reactions was found to be neutral to litmus whereas the acidic solution reduced a solution of potassium permanganate in acid, and debrominated a solutioll of free bromine. Unsaturation was confirmed by a positive trinitro methylene test. Chemical analysis following the method of combustion, indicated C = 84.86%, H = 11.69% and 0 = 3.45 %, the empirical formula the molecular weight (Rast method) 424 , optical rotation in chloroform being [a] = 448.8". Infrared spectrum analysis of this substance gave indications for its being a triterpene or a steroid. A peak at 1730 cni-I suggested the presence of a carbonyl group, probably on a six membered ring but not conjugated. Another peak appeared a t 1653 cm-' and indicated unsaturation. A third peak appeared a t 892cm-' and suggested a ) = CH.) group which is in agreement to the general appearance lof the spectrum of a tri-terpene or a steroid. The report of its N M R spectra strengthened the above conclusions showing a singlet at 278 c n ~ two protons ( ) = CH.)). The proton count shows presence of six methyl groups. The methyl signal appeared as doubletts a t 59 and 53. From the above data this substance appeared to be either a tetra-or a pentacyclic tri-terpene in which the keto-group could occupy 3-position, on which usually the -OH group of the tri-terpene is located, though the melting point appears to be rather low for its being a tri-terpene. Establishment of the structure of this substance is as yet under question. The author wishes to thank Dr. K i d w a i, Department of Chemistry, Muslim University, Aligarh for helping in discussions and confirming the data.


Critical scattering of neutrons by nickel was studied by the time-of- flight technique. Complete measurements were made at and above the transition temperature T//sub C/. The two more important results are: the existence of a rather important inelasticity at T/sub C/ and a term in K/sup 4/ in the spatial dependence of the cross section. This last point is an important difference with the case of iron. (auth)


The author analyzes the views of history of Avant garde novels,points that the inner spirit of Avant garde historical novels,(AHN)has more similarities with the "metahistory" theory of Hayden.White,moreover,the inadequacy of "metahistory"——Considering the history is the text and denying the existance of the objectivity of history,can also be found in AHN.AHN is self-contradictory:it doubts the existance of historical authenticity while deconstructing history.What's more,it Still tries to reconstruct the historical authenticity in its creation.


Preliminary measurements of the cross-section for the processes ppbar --> W --> mu nu, e nu; ppbar --> Z --> mu mu, e e, tau tau from the D0 detector are presented. Integrated luminosities for these data samples are 96 pb-1 for W --> mu nu, 177.3 pb-1 for W --> e nu and Z --> e e, 148pb-1 for Z --> mu mu and 207 pb-1 for Z --> tau tau. A measurement of the muon charge asymmetry from W boson decays (integrated luminosity 230 pb-1) and Z/gamma* --> e e inclusive differential cross section as a function of boson rapidity (integrated luminosity 337 pb-1) are presented as well. The results are in generally good agreement with SM predictions.


Recent construction projects consist of large and complex facilities, which project management information system (PMIS) is used for managing construction cost and schedule. The ministry of land, transport and maritime affairs (MLTM) is using a continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) system for managing the public construction projects. This study attempts to survey some problems of the CALS system in practical application, and then suggests the new functions to improve practical application of the CALS system. All functions in each menu were analyzed in the practical application aspect. All projects ordered from MLTM should use the CALS system as a PM1S, but the practical application is limited in partial functions and special working group. And the utilization of system is focused on simple tasks and report process. One of main reason is that the system is using numerical data rather than graphical data. This study suggests new functions and a visualized management method that can improve the practical applicability using a 4D object in each current functions.


Acid value is not more than 50 mg KOH / g, a methacrylate polymer transition metal content is 1ppm or less, equation (1) with a terminal double bond structure polymer having more than 80 mole% represented containing methacrylate polymer to: (1) (. in the formula (1), R is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group) by active energy ray-curable resin composition using the warp is small and it can hardness obtain high cured product.


In the past, massive haemoptysis was the major cause of death in sanatoria-confined patients with tuberculosis. Haemoptysis is today a relatively rare clinical symptom but for a few conditions, namely tumours, infections, vasculitis, pulmonary infarction and hypertension and other less frequent causes [1,2]. It is surprising that congenital coagulation disorders are not mentioned or have to be included only among the rare causes. This corresponds to reality as reports on patients with congenital haemorrhagic disorders and this type of bleeding are rare. It is usually limited to haemophilia patients with end-stage HIV infections associated with pneumonia and other infections [3,4]. A few additional cases concern non-terminal patients. However, in most of these cases, endobronchial and /or pulmonary disease were /was also present. Hence, in most instances, the haemoptysis had a concomitant cause. It is likely that the coagulation defects played only a secondary despite an aggravating role. Haemoptysis is seldom mentioned, if any, as a bleeding symptom or sign in the literature dealing with congenital bleedings disorders [5,6]. The dearth or lack of information in this regard has already been lamented by some investigators [7,8]. The purpose of this article is to report five cases of haemoptysis in congenital bleeding disorders. The first two cases were patients with severe haemophilia B who presented haemoptysis during the course of an end-stage HIV infection. Both patients presented with bacterial and fungal infections. Haemoptysis was severe and recurrent and occurred in preterminal stages. In one instance, it was the immediate cause of death. These two patients have been discussed in a previous paper dealing with causes of death in HIV-positive patients [3]. The third patient was a 41-year-old non-smoker male with Type I von Willebrand s disease. In this case, haemoptysis occurred during a bacterial pneumonia accompanied by fever, malaise and cough. Fine and medium size rales were audible over the lower part of the right lung. Chest X-rays revealed the presence of an infiltrate in lower right pulmonary field. WBC was 15 000, ESR was 60. The haemoptysis consisted mainly of recurrent blood streaking of bronchial secretions during a 3-week period. The patient was treated with pertinent antibiotics with good results. Control chest X-rays after 20 days showed a completed clearing of the infiltrate. Bloodstreaked phlegm continued for a few days after disappearance of fever. No recurrence of haemoptysis was noted during a 6-year follow up. The fourth case was a 59-year-old HIV positive, Hepatitis B positive patient with, severe haemophilia A who, during the past 2 months, had presented with recurrent mild haemoptysis and was suspected on clinical grounds to have a lung cancer as he was a heavy smoker. Physical examination revealed the presence of medium-size dry rales on the upper part of the right lung. There were no palpable lymphnodes. Haemoptysis was mild, but recurrent. The patient was later found to have bronchogenic large-cell carcinoma of the upper lobe of the right lung with mediastinal invasion. The evaluation consisted of chest X-rays, computerized axial tomography (CAT), bronchoscopy, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and biopsy under transfusional protection. Because of general conditions, no surgery could be performed. The patient died about 6 months after diagnosis and during this time, he continued to present with, in spite of substitution therapy, Supported in part by Associazione per l Emofilia e le Coagulopatie delle Tre Venezie. Correspondence: Prof A. Girolami, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Padua University, Via Ospedale, 105, 35128 Padova, Italy. Tel.: +39 049 8213026 (1792); fax +39 049 657391; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


In this paper, we investigate the impact of data uncertainty on the prediction of a vital sign of abnormalities. We analyze the evolution of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) vital signs time series over a given forecasting window, whose values are classified according to a model of normality that models patient's physiological deterioration. To this end, we developed a generic prediction framework that enables the deployment of different methods for data preparation, training, prediction, and classification so as to perform a set of experiments. To address our purpose, we selected a general regression neural network model (to predict vital sign trends) and a support vector machine (to recognize abnormalities) as the appropriate methods for a baseline analysis. However, other algorithm choices could be tailored in the defined prediction framework. We extract from the multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care II waveform database a set of 302, 940 vital sign samples (organized as 459 records) to define training and testing data sets. From our experiments, we obtained evidence demonstrating the incidence of null values in the MAP/HR input time series on forecasting tasks. This was performed under different conditions in terms of null values in the observation window, and varying other factors like labeling methods and forecast window sizes. In our experiments, we concentrate on analyzing the extent of prediction performance under such conditions and identify that a tolerable level of null values is around 25% where it is possible to still derive forecast windows with an accuracy target  $\geq 0.9$  for both MAP and HR vital signs. The presented evaluation contributes to acknowledge the importance of uncertainty conditions on the prediction performance of vital signs and paves the way for future extensions involving other prediction approaches.


Photophysical and photochemical properties of a [2+2] fullerene dimer, C120, have been characterized by laser flash photolysis. By laser irradiation to C120, a triplet−triplet absorption band appeared at 700 nm. From triplet energy-transfer reactions with some energy acceptors, photophysical properties of C120, including triplet energy, extinction coefficient, and quantum yield of the intersystem crossing process, were estimated. Reduction of C120 in the ground state by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene resulted in decomposition into C60•- and C60. Photoinduced electron transfer from N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine to triplet-excited C120 was confirmed by the observation of a transient absorption band due to the radical anion of C120 at 1020 nm. Electron-transfer rates between triplet-excited C120 and various electron-donors were explained by the semiempirical Rehm−Weller relation. Oxidation of triplet-excited C120 was also observed by employing tetracyanoethylene as an electron-acceptor.


People with mental handicap have high vulnerability to sexual abuse (Lumley and Scotti, 2001). Sexual abuse of this population is serious. According to the study of Stromsness (1993), nearly 80% of women with mild mental handicap had been sexually abused. This underscores the need for sexual abuse prevention education. The training should be carefully planned to enable the participants to execute appropriate skills in actual sexual abuse situation. In situ assessment, though controversial, seems to be the only effective evaluation method and in situ training enhances the generalization of the skills to real life situations (Miltenberger et al., 1999).


A variety of methods have been used during the last 20 years to reinforce soils. One of these in soil nailing. Most often, soil nails are installed by inserting steel rods in drilled holes, then grouting them in place. Sometimes the nails are inserted using percussion methods. These methods generally require excavation of a working bench in order for the construction equipment to work below the slope being nailed. These methods are not suitable for repairing small slips of road fills and embankments where access is limited. Launched soil nailing, a new technique developed in the United Kingdom by Soil Nailing, Ltd., allows nails to be inserted into the slope using a launcher attached to the end of an excavator boom. With this method the nails can be installed into slopes up to 8 to 11 m (26 to 36 ft) above or below the road surface without excavation or ground disturbance. The launcher uses high-pressure compressed air to install the nail. The depth of penetration depends both on the compressed air pressure and on the in situ material. At a reproduction rate of 15 nails per hour, this method is rapid, yielding production results not experienced using conventional methods. In July and August 1992, the USDA Forest Service sponsored a demonstration project for launched soil nails to stabilize failing road slopes. Small slope failures [no deeper than about 4.5 m (15 ft)] can be stabilized for about $150/sq m ($14/sq ft) of slope face. Low retaining walls and excavate-and-replace methods typically cost $161 to $645+/sq m ($15 to $60+/sq ft) of face area. Equipment mobility, rapid placement, minimum site disturbance, and low costs indicate a strong future for launched soil nails for the repair of the road infrastructure.


The integration of Grid Interactive Battery Energy Storage Systems (GI-BESSs) in energy services, such as peak shaving and load balancing, is a common practice in the modern-day electric power system. However, it is essential to ensure their economic feasibility, such as through their incorporation in Power Oscillation Damping (POD). This paper proposes an optimized control algorithm for a GI-BESS to mitigate low-frequency oscillations by utilizing synchrophasor measurements gathered by the Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). The proposed algorithm enables the GI-BESS to mitigate inter-area active power oscillation by altering the exchange of reactive power between the grid and the GI-BESS. Thus, by using the proposed algorithm, the GI-BESS can provide power and energy services, simultaneously. Moreover, the effects of this controller on State of Charge (SoC) and dispatched power are assessed. The algorithm is tested on an IEEE 39-bus system and demonstrates that the proposed algorithm improves the damping of inter-area oscillations.


In the western central Atlantic, deep-sea drilling during Leg XI has revealed Late Jurassic to Cretaceous pelagic sediments that closely resemble Mesozoic sedimentary rocks exposed in the circum-Mediterranean orogens. This discovery is to be expected according to the concepts of plate tectonics because Alpine-type mountain ranges originate from the elimination and deformation of ocean basins and continental margins. In this context, the ophiolite belts of the central Mediterranean area are interpreted as remnants of oceanic crust and lithosphere which have been emplaced tectonically on the continental margins during Alpine orogeny. More specifically, close time correlations between the central Atlantic and Tethyan associations and palinspastic reconstructions suggest that the central Atlantic and the Alpine-Mediterranean Tethys had, during their early evolution, a parallel paleotectonic development and also were, at least from the Late Jurassic onward, connected directly to each other. In the Alpine-Mediterranean region Mesozoic pelagic facies are present in both true oceanic and continental-margin settings. In the latter, these facies overlie Bahamian-type platform carbonate rocks lying ultimately on a continental crust. The oldest, Triassic, pelagic sediments were deposited in basins resulting from early rifting. Ophiolites of possible Late Triassic age reported from Turkey suggest that a small ocean was formed in the eastern Mediterranean area at that time. During the Early Jurassic, the continental margins of the evolving Tethys were affected by block faulting and many of the former shallow-water sites were submerged; in these regions platform sedimentation was replaced by pelagic and turbiditic carbonate sedimentation and generally is analogous to the Cretaceous-to-recent geologic history in the Blake Plateau and the deeper troughs of the Bahamian region. Joides results and the magnetic-anomaly pattern suggest that this phase of block faulting 180 m.y. ago coincided with early rifting in the central Atlantic. The opening of this part of the Atlantic obviously implies transnational movements between Africa and Eurasia and, in fact, a more or less synchronous opening in the central Mediterranean Tethys is confirmed by radiometric data an the age of the oldest sediments. Transform movements are suggested by the local abundance of tectonic breccias in the oceanic realm (ophicalcites) and by indications of compressive movements as early as Late Jurassic. The oldest sediments recovered from the central Atlantic are greenish-gray and red, slightly nodular limestones of Late Jurassic age. These limestones are very similar to the Tethyan Ammonitico Rosso. However, the Ammonitico Rosso occurs in deeply submerged continental margin settings--different from what is observed generally; the first sediments deposited on the newly formed oceanic crust in the central Mediterranean were not pelagic limestones but radiolarites. As these radiolarites encroach locally on the deeply submerged continental margin, they may reflect a different current system resulting in a higher position of the calcite-compensation depth. From the Tithonian onward, white and gray chalky limestones and nannoplankton oozes were deposited in the western Atlantic and most of the deep parts of the Tethys. The transitional contact with overlying black clays indicates that compensation depth was reached in the truly oceanic realm during the "middle" Cretaceous. However, the occurrence of ophiolitic olistoliths in the Mediterranean association indicates the tectonic emplacement of large ophiolite nappes in the late Early Cretaceous and a diverging history of central Atlantic and Tethys from that time forward. A quantitative evaluation of the different plate movements in the Tethyan realm is still far from being reached, but comparisons of deformed and undeformed continental margins and ocean basins may help to provide some of the premises for such an attempt. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2215------------


This paper outlines an exploratory workshop at City Law School, City, University of London funded by HEIF/ 'EUTIP' Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) on understanding of the EU as a Good Global Actor.1 The EU has as its mission to be a good global governance actor yet is continuously challenged in the world. As a global actor, the EU is both a weak and strong actor in a divergent range of global governance areas. It is not comparable to study the EU as a global trade actor for example to its efforts in human rights, data, cyber or the environment. EU international relations constitutes arguably a booming field of law where the EU appears often to be a victim of its own success. The range of the subjects and objects of EU law continues to expand and the EU is arguably increasingly a victim of its own success, increasingly taking decisions with impacts on third countries or parties, subjecting more entities to sanctions regimes, being bound to consult more entities and have more third countries, parties and entities such as lobbyists interested in the directions of EU law. The assessment of the EU as a global actor includes broad checks on normative action ex ante and ex post facto- yet it is no less harsh. Ex ante metrics of EU global action include court-centred ones such as an opinion from the CJEU on legality of an international agreement, often precluded in most constitutional systems on account of its conflict with pacta sunt servanda. The contours of the principle of the autonomy of EU law have the capacity to put more stringent parameters on EU institutionalised evolutions as to international engagement. How can we assess the EU as a global actor given these realities? The aim of the event was to explore informally the nexus between trade and security, trade and economics and trade and human rights as a future research agenda with input from a variety of scholars It reflected upon four major themes: 1) The EU's Contribution to the Democratisation of Global Governance 2) Deeper Trade Agreements and New Normative Foundations 3) The EU as a Global Actor in Trade and Fundamental Rights 4) EU's Trade in the Era of Global Data Flows.


An algorithm for tracking of multiple objects in video based on time-adjustable adaptive composite correlation filtering is proposed. For each frame a bank of composite correlation filters are designed in such a manner to provide invariance to pose, occlusion, clutter, and illumination changes. The filters are synthesized with the help of an iterative algorithm, which optimizes the discrimination capability for each object. The filters are adapted to the objects changes online using information from the current and past scene frames. Results obtained with the proposed algorithm using real-life scenes are presented and compared with those obtained with state-of-the-art tracking methods in terms of detection efficiency, tracking accuracy, and speed of processing.


The present article contains information about the book of poetry written in the genre of "muammo" by the poets of the Ottoman Empire. The author also compares the general characteristics and peculiarities of "muammo" poetry of Ottoman-Turkic poets with poets of Maverannahr and Khorasan who lived in the Middle Ages and makes conclusions on these subjects.


Cysts are maintained by the presence of a cavity lined with epithelial cells and filled with a fluid secreted by them. The dental record is the most common type of development and is involved in wrapping an included tooth crown and connecting to the tooth through the cementoenamel junction. Having a prevalence in the first three decades of life, with a predilection for males. Radiographically, dental cysts appear as a radiological, unilocular or multilocular lesion with well-defined and radiopaque edges associated with the crown of an included tooth. Usually, dental cysts are submitted to surgery by enucleation or marsupialization. The objective of the article is to illustrate a case of dental diagnosis, thus showing the characteristics from the type of lesion and the best treatment method. Patient in postoperative follow-up and without complications.


BACKGROUND
The Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) bacterial load could have impact on transmission and sequelae. This is the first study to date providing a comparison of the CT bacterial load of all three anatomic sites estimated by cycle quantification (Cq) values.

METHODS
Laboratory data from 7,900 CT positive samples were included (2012-2018). The Cq value was used as an inversely proportional measure for CT load. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess differences in mean Cq values per sample type.

RESULTS
Vaginal swabs had the lowest Cq values (31.0) followed by urine samples (32.5), anorectal swabs (34.0) and oropharyngeal swabs (36.8) (P<0.001). Men and women had similar oropharyngeal (36.4vs.37.3;p=0.13) and anorectal (34.2vs.33.9;P=0.19) Cq values. Men (32.2) and women (30.7) aged <25 years had lower urogenital Cq values than men (32.8) and women (31.9) aged ≥25 years (P<0.001). HIV positive patients (33.8) had higher urogenital Cq values than HIV negative patients (32.6) (P<0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Men and women have a similar CT load at extragenital locations arguing for similar transmission potential and clinical relevance. Older patients and patients co-infected with HIV had a lower CT load suggesting exposure to previous CT infections potentially leading to some partial immunity reducing CT load.


The a priori valence bond method in the σ‐π approximation has been applied to benzyl radical with inclusion of an increasing number of ionic structures. When all structures are included, the hyperfine coupling constants calculated from spin densities through the McConnell relationship are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Comparison with other theoretical results is also included.


Coherent beam combination (CBC) of fiber lasers has the potential to solve the power limitation in single fiber as well as maintaining good beam quality, which have been under intense research recently. Considering the advantage of high diffraction efficiency, compact volume and relatively easy to fabricate, phase grating has been considered as a promising combination component, and has been under intensive research recently. In this manuscript, take sine phase grating as an example, the combination efficiency in the case of phase error, incident angle error and laser intensity fluctuations will be detailed. Conclusions can be obtained from numerical calculating that the effect of incidence angle error and intensity fluctuation can be controlled within the specified range using off-the-shelf techniques. Nevertheless, the question whether the phase error can be controlled to be within 0.32 rad when scaled to high power level remains open due to the limited control bandwidth of existing phase stabilization system. For practical engineering in CBC using phase gratings, phase error control is the key component towards high efficiency.


FlexRay is an automotive communication protocol, which is developed by core members of the FlexRay consortium (BMW, Bosch, DaimlerChrysler, Freescale, GM, NXP Semiconductors and Volkswagen). Nowadays, it is set to become widely used in the automotive industry where it will replace traditional networking schemes such as Controller Area Network (CAN). However, in the FlexRay, it just uses the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code to detect the errors. In this paper, we design of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) scheme which combines the CRC code with ReedSolomon (RS) code. Smart Hybrid Powerpack (SHPP) is an electro-hydraulic system, which is combined with advanced technology like fault tolerant, intelligent control, smart phone remote control and monitoring. This paper will apply the FlexRay into the SHPP system using the HARQ scheme. Simulation result shows good performance by using HARQ scheme comparing with CRC code only. Keywords-FlexRay; HARQ; SHPP


Microtitration methodology has become popular in recent years for virus titration and serological procedures (1,2,3,5). Many of the avian viruses have been adapted successfully for growing in cultured cells, lending these adaptable to microtitration methods. There have been a number of reports in recent years of the use of microneutralization tests with avian viruses (4,6,7). An inverted microscope (Olympus Model IMT, ActinoRex, Inc., Springfield, Mo.) was recently purchased for use in our laboratory. One of the criteria used for selecting the microscope was that it have a mechanical stage, and that this stage be compatible with standard 12.7 cm X 8.5 cm 96-well microtitration plates (Falcon Plastics, Oxnard, Calif.). There was no standard-accessory microtitration-plate holder available for the inverted microscope, but a device could be made that would work with the standard-accessory mechanical stage (Olympus IMT-MVR). The simple microtitration-plate holder was machined from a piece of 3-cm-thick brass plate, and is depicted in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The only modification was a slight enlargement of the mechanical stage by filing to hold the plate. The only inconvenience in using this accessory is in vertical movement. The stage will move the plate only to the sixth well. All 12 wells in a row can be observed, however, simply by reversing the plate in the holder. The lateral movement of the mechanical stage is sufficient to cover the full width of the microtitration plate.


Analyzing the data of the census of population for the year 2001, the designation of origin "Città Castelli Ciliegi" territory appeared to be an area with a fast-growing population, a higher presence – compared to regional average values – of the population aged 0 to 14 years, and fewer people over 65. The working age population was higher than the average provincial and regional values. As for education, it appeared not to be a particularly noteworthy territory, but very significant progress was registered as compared to 1991. Higher incidence of activity and lower unemployment rates than the provincial and regional average values – the latter lower than in 1991 – indicated a territory characterized by a growing economy and positive trends even in municipalities that previously registered difficulties. The territory's employment structure appeared to be midway between those of the two provinces of Modena and Bologna. In both 2001 and 1991, this territory had a higher percentage of foreign resident population than the average provincial and regional values.


【Drug discovery and development processes are time consuming and costly endeavors. It has been reported that on average it takes 10 to 15 years and costs more than $ 1billion to bring a molecule from discovery to market. Compounds fail for various reasons but one of the significant reasons that accounts for failures in clinical trials is poor prediction/understanding of pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism in human. In an effort to improve the number of compounds that exhibit optimal absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and pharmacokinetic properties in human, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetic scientists have been continually developing new technologies and compound screening strategies. Over the last few years, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its applications to preclinical/clinical pharmacokinetics and ADME studies have significantly increased, particularly for new chemical/biological entities that are difficult to support with conventional radiolabel studies. In this review, the application of AMS for micro-dosing, micro-tracer absolute bioavailability, mass balance and metabolite profiling studies will be discussed.】


Uncertainty measures can supply new points of view for analyzing data and help us to disclose the substantive characteristics of data sets. Accuracy and roughness proposed by Pawlak are mainly two important measures to deal with uncertainty information in rough set theory. However, these measures are constructed by set operations, which bring about poor efficiency. In this paper, we proposed a binary granule representation by a conversion from a set to a binary granule. Correspondingly, set operations are converted to binary granule computing. Besides, we investigate how to understand measures from rough set framework in the viewpoint of binary granule representation by introducing Hamming distance between granules. Moreover, a concept of granule swarm distance is defined for measuring uncertainty between two granule swarms, which provides a more comprehensible perspective for measures in rough set theory. Theoretical analysis shows that the binary granule representation is valuable to understand rough set measures.


In this paper, the aerodynamic shape of air intake was investigated for the efficient cooling of electronic equipments in aircraft pod. As a first step, ESDU method was applied for the basic shape design of air intake considering the operational environments. The second step was to confirm the performance on design point, so the internal flow field of air intake was analyzed using a commercial Navier-Stokes code(FLUENT). And also the aerodynamic characteristics of internal flow at off-design condition was investigated with the variations of airflow rate. The results show that the air intake meets the requirement of target performance under the mission environments.


The article discusses the actualization of the working programs of core disciplines, presents approaches to the construction of training courses. The research has shown that currently it is necessary to revise the content of work programs, to actively introduce digital technologies into the educational process. The practical significance of the research lies in the improvement and implementation of the teaching methodology for specialized disciplines using modern digital tools in the process of teaching students of the Russian State Agrarian University. The authors consider a practical example of using digital tools in such subjects as «Accounting reporting», «Technologies for working with information». Many sections of the program include digital tools that were tested by students in practical classes and in independent work in solving assigned tasks.


Consumer boycott has been a very dominant issue in behavioral sciences specially in the domain of marketing management and we have taken up the issue as a research and analysis issue in consumer behavior aspects motivated by social media interactions. We have planned to conduct a research study on the factors affecting brand boycott in fast moving consumer goods sector in India with empirical evidences and first hand data to be collected from the targeted respondents who has somewhere hidden motive regarding brand boycott or not to purchase and not to consume those products which either become a point of controversy or face peoples rejection in their routine life and consumption or heavily influenced by social media interactions in day to day life. The basic purpose of this paper is to introduce the boycott issues and identify the responsible factors and to justify the body of the research by portraying the background and the research problem that led to the development certain thoughts created by or theoretical evidence in the expansion of knowledge in marketing management or consumer behavior. It presents various social media interactions and its dimensions, that cause adequate reasons of boycott by consumers in the society and explores hidden facts and myths as well as evidences behind boycott issues in fast moving consumers goods. This gives us an opportunity to explain all relevant facts and figures concerning to research on factors affecting brand boycott in fast moving consumer goods sector and aims to explore various responsible constructs, issues, myths and realities on consumers buying perceptions towards what to consume and what not to consume.


Detailed knowledge of the thermo-hydraulic processes in fuel assembly of nuclear reactor is very important from operational safety point of view. Modern computer simulation techniques, like CFD or FEM, can be very useful in detail study of such processes, because after verification and validation processes of CFD model, you can relatively easily change boundary and initial conditions, or other input parameters of the model. The flow field in fuel assembly of nuclear reactor VVER 440 is very complex mostly in fuel assembly head, where the thermocouple is placed. In the fuel assembly head main hot coolant stream from the fuel rods area is mixed with colder coolant from central tube and bypass. Thermocouple as the only point of coolant temperature measurement in fuel assembly has to register average coolant temperature at the outlet. In our research, we focused on modelling and simulation of thermo-hydraulic processes in fuel assembly. All CFD analyses were performed by ANSYS CFX software [1].


In this work, we propose a framework that performs a number of popular image-processing operations in the continuous domain. This is in contrast to the standard practice of defining them as operations over discrete sequences of sampled values. The guiding principle is that, in order to prevent aliasing, nonlinear image-processing operations should ideally be performed prior to prefiltering and sampling. This is of course impractical, as we may not have access to the continuous input. Even so, we show that it is best to apply image-processing operations over the continuous reconstruction of the input. This transformed continuous representation is then prefiltered and sampled to produce the output. The use of high-quality reconstruction strategies brings this alternative much closer to the ideal than directly operating over discrete values. We illustrate the advantages of our framework with several popular effects. In each case, we demonstrate the quality difference between continuous image-processing, their discrete counterparts and previous anti-aliasing alternatives. Finally, our GPU implementation shows that current graphics hardware has enough computational power to perform continuous image processing in real-time.


Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) users with severe dysarthria may benefit greatly from using residual vocalizations to enhance communication efficiency and naturalness. Many individuals use their residual vocal control to gain attention, express emotions, and convey intentions to familiar care givers. This research was designed to test the hypothesis that speakers signal such information through the control of phonatory features such as pitch and duration, despite severe degradation of segmental speech sounds. The study examined whether eight speakers with severe dysarthria caused by cerebral palsy could control the pitch and duration of sustained vowel productions at three distinct levels. The results indicated that all speakers were able to consistently control sustained production of the vowel /a/ at three durations (short, medium, and long). Speakers were more variable, however, in their ability to control pitches (low, medium, and high). Seven of the eight speakers were able to produce at least two distinct pitches. The potential impact of harnessing residual phonatory control as an additional channel of input for AAC users with severe speech and motor impairment is discussed.


This paper reports the experience of using the PAELLA algorithm as a helper tool in robust regression instead of as originally intended for outlier identification and removal. This novel usage of the algorithm takes advantage of the occurrence vector calculated by the algorithm in order to strengthen the effect of the more reliable samples and lessen the impact of those that otherwise would be considered outliers. Following that aim, a series of experiments is conducted in order to learn how to better use the information contained in the occurrence vector. Using a contrively difficult artificial data set, a reference predictive model is fit using the whole raw dataset. The second experiment reports the results of fitting a similar predictive model but discarding the samples marked as outliers by PAELLA. The third experiment uses the occurrence vector provided by PAELLA in order to classify the observations in multiple bins and fit every possible model changing which bins are considered for fitting and which are discarded in that particular model. The fourth experiment introduces a sampling process before fitting in which the occurrence vector represents the likelihood of being considered in the training data set. The fifth experiment considers the sampling process as an internal step to be performed interleaved between the training epochs. The last experiment compares our approach using weighted neural networks to a state of the art method.


The article discusses the occurrence, distribution and phytosociological affinity of Laserpitium krapfii in Slovenia. According to some literature sources (Tutin 1968, Fischer et al. 2008) and the distribution patterns, two subspecies of L. krapfii are be expected in Slovenia: L. krapfii subsp. krapfii and L. krapfii subsp. gaudinii. The revision of the Slovene herbarium material in LJU and LJS herbaria confirmed only the occurrence of its type subspecies. It has a Dinaric pattern of distribution (NW-SE) in the Alpine, Prealpine, Dinaric and Predinaric phytogeographical regions, with most of its known localities in the hills south of Ljubljana, in the Snežnik mountains, in the Kočevje region with the Kolpa Valley and in the Gorjanci mountains. Since the species mostly thrives in the mountain beech forests, it can be considered as a diagnostic (differential) species of the Illyrian alliance Aremonio-Fagion.


Angeloni et al published a landmark study on the use of Coulter counters in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) diagnosis. Riggio and Angeloni have recently published an editorial on the ascitic fluid analysis in diagnosis and monitoring of SBP. Herein, some points of interest are discussed.


The chemical vapor deposition method was used in the fabrication of large-aperture graded fiber waveguides with a core made of SiO2P2O5GeO2. The parameters of the waveguides were as follows: the total losses at λ = 0.85 μ ~6 dB/km; the numerical aperture ~0.4; the dispersion of a pulse ~2.5 nsec/km. The Rayleigh scattering coefficient was 2.5 dbkm−1μ−4. Measurements were made of the material dispersion of the cores of these waveguides.


Abstract Terrestrial invertebrates are a major source of prey for salmonids in many streams. Their importance as prey appears to be related to (1) the seasonal timing of terrestrial inputs relative to the abundance of aquatic prey and (2) water temperature, which affects food demand by fish. Most studies of seasonal patterns of terrestrial inputs have come from temperate systems, and patterns in most other systems are unknown. We measured monthly biomass of aquatic invertebrates, input of terrestrial invertebrates, and diets of Oncorhynchus mykiss (non-anadromous and juvenile anadromous life history forms) for 15 months in two streams in a basin with a Mediterranean-type climate on the Big Sur coast of California. Biomass of aquatic invertebrates and terrestrial inputs followed a similar seasonal pattern; highest levels occurred in summer and early autumn and were highly correlated with water temperature. Total annual input of terrestrial invertebrates was 8.7 g·m−2·year−1, and terrestrial inputs provided...


Facing the continuing growth of the disabled delinquencies,government should take its responsibility to organize the whole society to decrease this kind of crime.Each government department and social organizations should adapt their works to prevent this kind of crime.Volunteers should also be concluded in this work.


Abstract Larval mites from two families, Arrenuridae (one species) and Microtrombidiidae (two species), assigned to the genera Arrenurus and Ettmuelleria respectively, were collected from adult female mosquitoes and crane flies captured at Waikanae, New Zealand, during January 2002 and from September to April, 2002/03 and 2003/04 inclusive. These are the first New Zealand records of mite parasitism of mosquitoes and tipulids.


The aim of the review is to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly age group, the causes of its occurrence, and to present modern methods of prevention and physical rehabilitation. The study focuses on the relationship between exercise, training effects and physiological mechanisms, as well as the safety of various types of strength, anaerobic and multimodal training, which have a positive impact during the prevention and rehabilitation treatment of sarcopenia. Literature reviews, meta-analyses, and original studies are included that focus on older people in all settings, using validated assessment tools and methods. A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases – PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Springer, for the period from 2012 to June 30, 2022. There were no restrictions on the language bias of the publication. Search strategy. The keywords used to define the terms of participation in the review are "older/advanced age", "sarcopenia" and "sarcopenic obesity". Articles were included if they met the following criteria – cohorts with mean or median age ≥ 60 years and any of the following definitions of sarcopenia: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Elderly (EWGSOP), Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). To ensure comparability of interventions, the review included studies that were conducted for at least 8 weeks, and the distribution of patients by study design was randomized. Also, articles involving hospitalized patients are excluded.


Raspberry ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic detoxification of RK against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanism, including whether RK regulates inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, seven groups of rats were used: I, Control; II, received 200mg/kg RK for 5 days (PO); III, received a single dose of CCl4diluted with olive oil (1:1 v/v; 1 mL/kg body weight) intraperitoneally on the fifth day; IV, V, VI, and VII received 25, 50, 100, and 200mg/kg RK (PO) daily for 5 days, respectively, with a CCl4intraperitoneal injection on the fifth day. Histopathology, ultra-microstructural examination via transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemical detection of NF-κB and cytochrome c, DNA fragmentation, and the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, tumor necrosis factor-α, and caspase-9 were detected in the liver. Serum liver transaminases were also measured. CCl4induced a significant elevation of serum liver transaminases, as well as increased hepatic malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and caspase-9. In addition, CCl4 increased NF-κB activation, cytochrome c expression, and DNA fragmentation. However, CCl4 decreased hepatic glutathione content. RK pre-treatment significantly ameliorated CCl4 hepatotoxicity, with the highest dose nearly normalizing all measured parameters. In conclusion, RK is a promising protective agent against CCl4 hepatotoxicity, possibly through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities


The design plan of two kinds of driving system was put forward through the detailed analysis of technical requirement of gate roll coating machine by combining advanced common DC-BUS driv- ing craft.The driving system with brake unit made up of Simens touch- ing screen TP,ABB ACS 800 converters,Simens S7-380 PLC,formed 3 layer communication control net;whereas the controlling system with common DC-BUS,was composed of 3 layer control system,with the advanced hardware converters of S7-300PLC,ACS800 and com- mon DC-BUS unit and software of STEP7 adopted,to realize the de- sign of elctric control system in the coating machine.The performance targets such as running speed,regulating accuracy,could reach or exceed the requirements of users,with the satisfactory control obtained.


This paper focuses on the subject of the extraordinary behaviours of self and its gifts improvement. The main purpose of this paper is to show the majesty of faith and rituals in the spiritual improvement of man. The soul of man is a grant of Allah. This reality gains Man an unutterable dimension. Man is always in contact with the divine effect in his self depth by this soul. Self is a very mystical and wonderful area. According to us beleive in Allah and to live under the guidance of Islamic faith improves gifts of man. Religious worship and sincerity carry him to a different extent. This extent provides him some unusual behaviours and the expansion of gifts which cannot be explained by psychology and science. In a way our aim is to show the mistake of simplified explanation of the extraordinary behaviours and miracles against Islam by the paper


Wave-type weakly electric fish emit a highly regular electric discharge using a specialized electric organ. This electric organ discharge (EOD) forms the basis for an electric sense used for navigation, prey detection and communication. The metabolic cost of the EOD is not fully understood, but recent research suggests that it constitutes a significant portion of the fish's energy budget. In the current study, manipulation of metabolic rate via exposure to hypoxia did not significantly alter EOD frequency. Changes in metabolic rate through swimming resulted in EOD frequency increase. To manipulate EOD frequency directly in individual fish, the jamming avoidance response (JAR) and long term frequency elevation (LTFE) were used. EOD frequency elevation and jamming stimulation resulted in an increased MO2 possibly associated with increases in sensory processing. Taken together, these data indicate that electric signalling in wave-type weakly electric fish is a not a major contributor to whole-animal energetic cost.


Cytotoxicity as measured by inhibition of growth and DNA synthesis (IC50) and by decrease in clonogenicity (EC50) has been compared with that of dAdo. IC50 for growth and for DNA synthesis is similar in all 3 cases. IC50 for 2-CldAdo (0.045 μM) is lower than for 2-BrdAdo (0.068 μM) and dAdo (0.9 μM). For 2-CldAdo and 2-BrdAdo, EC50 is somewhat higher than IC50 and much greater in the case of dAdo. About 20% of cells are resistant to concentrations of 2-BrdAdo >>EC50 but viability is decreased to approximately 2% by 18 hr exposure to 2-CldAdo at 20 × EC50 or to dAdo at 3 × EC50. Treatment with 2-CldAdo or dAdo sufficient to cause large losses in viability result in accumulation of cells at the G1/S border. The nucleosides are converted over 24 hr to increasing levels of the triphosphates. The latter inhibit reduction of CDP and of ADP by L1210 ribonucleotide reductase with IC50 in the order: 2-BrdATP < 2-CldATP < dATP << ara-ATP. In intact CCRF-CEM cells dAdo specifically decreases dGTP with other dNTPs increasing, whereas 2-CldAdo and 2-BrdAdo decrease dCTP and dATP with a transitory decrease in dGTP but dGTP and dTTP are elevated above controls by 24 hr. Data indicate that inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase possibly contributes to inhibition of DNA synthesis but is probably not the lesion critical for cell death. Supported by American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities.


title SUMMARY /title The origins of the Accademia dei Lincei are rooted in a moment of deep theoretical tension, between methods that reflect the weight of the great Greek scientific texts which had returned into circulation and the fresh contributions of empirical data, particularly enriched by the new discoveries. At the same time magic-hermetic influences existed alongside positions of great rational validity. In the work of Cesi and of the first Lincei, different forces and different ways of conceiving the science of nature, from the segreti and the magia of Della Porta to the ragione and esperienze of the Galileans are interwoven. The author attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of this pattern drawing extensively on the Carteggio Lincei .


This short paper is a response to Steven Smith's argument for an institutional understanding of the Establishment Clause. It challenges Smith's dismissive posture toward the classical understanding of the "secular." The classical understanding takes secular to refer "to this time and this world (as opposed to some other time or world, such as 'eternity' or the hereafter," rather than simply denoting a "nonreligious" viewpoint. By focusing on three presuppositions underlying the classical account — (1) the kingship of God, (2) the presence of the church, and (3) the expectation of a world-to-come — the paper argues that the classical account provides a more robust limitation on government than is commonly assumed.


Background  Endogenous opioids are implicated in pain‐regulation in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to examine whether endogenous opioids suppress the excitability of colonic nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons during chronic IBD, and if so, whether modulation of underlying voltage‐gated K+ currents was involved.


Studying the spatial pattern of plant community is to understand and recognize this community and is essential to understand many ecological and forest management issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of Winkelmass index in determining the spatial pattern of Pistacia atlantica Desf. in Zagros forests. A field with an area of 30 hectares was selected in Qalajeh forests inthe Westof Iran. Completed sampling was conducted and stem map of Pistacia atlantica Desf. was produced. The absolute spatial pattern of Pistacia atlantica Desf. was determined using Nearest Neighbor Index. In order to determine the spatial pattern of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Using Winkelmass index, 60 sampling points were selected on the stem map and the required angles were measured. The values of Nearest Neighbor and Winkelmass Index were 1.09 and 0.45, respectively, which indicated uniform tended to random pattern in both indices for Pistacia a tlantica Desf. Therefore, it is concluded that the Winkelmass index has suitable performance in evaluating the spatial pattern of Pistacia atlantica Desf. in Zagros forests.


Current traffic light systems use a fixed time delay for different traffic directions and do follow a particular cycle while switching from one signal to another. This creates unwanted congestion during peak hours, loss of man-hours and eventually decline in productivity. In addition to this, the current traffic light systems encourage extortion by corrupt traffic officials as commuters often violate traffic rules because of the insufficient time allocated to their lanes or may want to avoid a long waiting period for their lanes to come up. This research is aimed at tackling the afore-mentioned problems by adopting a density based traffic control approach using Jakpa Junction, one of the busiest junctions in Delta State, Nigeria as a case study. The developed system uses a microcontroller of PIC89C51 microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors. The signal timing changes automatically based on the traffic density at the junction, thereby, avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project were infra-red (IR) sensors and photodiodes which were placed in a Line of Sight configuration across the loads to detect the density of the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high based on which timings were allotted accordingly. The developed system has proven to be smart and intelligent and capable of curbing incidences of traffic malpractices and inefficiencies that have been the bane of current traffic congestion control systems in emerging cities of the third world.


Many organic and inorganic compounds can exist in different solid forms [1–6]. They can be in the amorphous (Chapter 10), i.e., disordered, or in the crystalline, i.e., ordered, state. According to McCrone's definition [2], "The polymorphism of any element or compound is its ability to crystallize as more than one distinct crystal species", we will call different crystal arrangements of the same chemical composition polymorphs. Other authors use the term "polymorph" more broadly, including both the amorphous state and solvates (Chapter 15). Since different interand intramolecular interactions such as van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds will be present in different crystal structures, different polymorphs will have different free energies and therefore different physical properties such as solubility, chemical stability, melting point, density, etc. (Chapter 2). Also of practical importance are solvates (Chapter 8), sometimes called pseudopolymorphs, where solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice in a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric [6, 7] way. Hydrates (Chapter 9), where the solvent is water, are of particular interest. If non-volatile molecules play the same role, the solids are called co-crystals. Solvates and co-crystals can also exist as different polymorphs, of course. In addition to the crystalline, amorphous and liquid states, condensed matter can exist in various mesophases. These mesophases are characterized by exhibiting partial order between that of a crystalline and an amorphous state [8, 9]. Several drug substances form liquid crystalline phases, which can be either thermotropic, where liquid crystal formation is induced by temperature, or lyotropic, where the transition is solvent induced [10–12]. Polymorphism is very common in connection with drug substances, which are mostly (about 90%) small organic molecules with molecular weights below 600 g mol [13, 14]. Literature values concerning the prevalence of true polymorphs range from 32% [15] to 51% [16, 17] of small organic molecules. According to the same references, 56 and 87%, respectively, have more than one 1


Introduction: The Akt kinase isoforms (Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3) are activated downstream of the insulin receptor, and exert unique effects on cell growth, survival and metabolism. We recently described a novel ATP-dependent "dephosphorylation-resistance cage" in Akt kinases that controls access of cellular phosphatases to dephosphorylate the Akt activation loop (T308 in Akt1). Hypothesis: Here, we describe that, when Akt is localized at the cell membrane, intramolecular interactions of Akt C-terminal sequences with the hydrophobic groove of the kinase domain protect the phosphorylated activation loop (pT308 in Akt1) from cellular phosphatases. Methods and Results: Charged amino acid replacements of Akt C-terminal phosphorylation sites regulated by MTORC2 (Ser473) and by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Ser477) increased phospho-T308 protection from cellular phosphatases regardless of subcellular location. Functionally, these phosphatase-resistant Akt variants were refractory to ceramide-dependent dephosphorylation and amplified insulin-dependent T308 phosphorylation in a regulated fashion (Figure 1). Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that modulating phosphatase sensitivity of Akt activation loops via C-terminal hydrophobic groove may provide a platform to develop novel Akt agonists.


In this paper, we show a design and implementation of hybrid device profile detection method, and its application to electricity saving. This method provides device detection by hybrid connection among various machine learning methods for time series data of electricity consumption from existing devices. In this paper, target devices are consumer devices. Also, we show an application of this method to electricity saving and others.


This work studies supply chain management and it is focused on ways how to build up logistics metrics. Interfaces are big problem in supply chain management too, because of possibility of material, information and financial flow destabilization. This paper is one of the solutions of internal grant research Nr. 06/07 Analysis of logistic activities for logistic controlling and metrics.


................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements....................................................................... 3 Introduction................................................................................4 Background Information................................................................7 How is apparel made?......................................................................7 What are the environmental concerns in the apparel industry? .............................8 Adding sustainable practices to the five stages of apparel making. .........................9 Can consumer behavior be a possible reward for sustainable practices? ...................10 How does one measure sustainable practices? .............................................12 Overview of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition and the Higg Index ..........14 How and why was the Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC) formed? .......................14 What are the benefits when one joins the Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC)? ............16 What is the Higg Index? .....................................................................18 What does the current version of the Higg Index (2.0) consist of? ...........................20 What are the weaknesses, and challenges of the Higg Index? ...............................22 Future Development Plans for the Higg Index ..............................................23 Methods ....................................................................................24 Composing the Survey Questionnaire ........................................................24 Collecting the Responses .....................................................................28 Creating the Logistic Binomial Regression Model ...........................................29 Results and Discussion ..................................................................31 Survey Results ...............................................................................31 Results of the Logistic Binomial Regression Model ..........................................34 Results from other studies on sustainable consumption of apparel ...........................36 Will Higg Index scores influence consumers towards consumption of sustainable apparel? ...39 Limitations and Further Research.....................................................42 Conclusion..................................................................................43 Bibliography................................................................................46 Appendix A.................................................................................51 Appendix B .................................................................................52 Appendix C..................................................................................54 Appendix D.................................................................................56


Archetypes inform our self-image, influence how we see the world, and direct many of the actions we take as we navigate and create our realities. According to psychologist Carl G. Jung, archetypes are powerful determines of human experience and human psychological and political realities. As such, they hold significant spiritual, psychological, and sociological interest. There has been sustained interest from those interested in the psychology and spirituality of archetypes; however to date sociologists have remained largely aloof. Hoping to overcome this lacuna, this paper explores the sociology of archetypes by examining the emotional and psychological power of archetypes and by demonstrating how powerful archetypes become situated in elite "spiritual" discourses designed not in the service of human health and development, but in the service of the political and economic agenda of societal and world elites.


The next generation of wireless communication is a ubiquitous radio system concept, providing wireless access from short-range to wide-area, with one single reconfigurable and adaptive system for all envisaged radio environments. This paper presents the design approach of RCO (reconfigurable concurrent oscillator) that simultaneously generates two or more signals of different frequencies that eliminate the need of lossy switches for switching the frequency band, thereby improves the system throughput. The measured phase noise for band#1 (2.3-2.6 GHz) and band#2 (4.6-5.2 GHz) are typically -130 dBc/Hz, and -120 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset from the carrier respectively; and to our knowledge, this is the best phase noise performance for this class of VCO (voltage controlled oscillators) by using MCPR (multi-coupled planar resonators) so far reported.


We demonstrate resonant excitation of a plasma wave by a train of short laser pulses guided in a pre-formed plasma channel, for parameters relevant to a plasma-modulated plasma accelerator (P-MoPA). We show experimentally that a train of $N \approx 10$ short pulses, of total energy $\sim 1$ J, can be guided through $110$ mm long plasma channels with on-axis densities in the range $10^{17} - 10^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$. The spectrum of the transmitted train is found to be strongly red-shifted when the plasma period is tuned to the intra-train pulse spacing. Numerical simulations are found to be in excellent agreement with the measurements and indicate that the resonantly excited plasma waves have an amplitude in the range $3$ - $10$ GV m$^{-1}$, corresponding to an accelerator stage energy gain of order $1$ GeV.


General equilibrium theory can state conditions for the existence, uniqueness and optimality of the Walrasian equilibrium. However, it cannot satisfactorily explain how this equilibrium comes about. Experimental economists, on the other hand, claim that it takes a few uninformed traders and a Continuous Double Auction to achieve results that closely resemble the Walrasian equilibrium. This suggests that we can learn something profound about price discovery from experimental trading. This thesis seeks behavioral explanations of price formation, which acknowledge that the economy is out of equilibrium and that human choice is fallible. It analyzes experimental trading in the Scarf examples by means of simulation techniques. Among other things, it finds that rules of thumb better explain human trading behavior than do monopolistic competition, prospect theory or entropy-sensitive preferences. This thesis also proposes a new price adjustment process in which an auctioneer assumes that all traders have Cobb-Douglas utility functions. This price adjustment process globally converges in exchange economies in which agents have CES utility functions, ranging from Leontief to Cobb-Douglas utility functions. In the unstable Scarf economies, for instance, prices spiral towards their equilibrium values in a direction that is consistent with the predictions of tâtonnement theory. The new price process shows that an auctioneer needs substantially less information than is implied by the Saari-Simon result.


Energy scaling of integrated circuits has hit a roadblock as the operating voltage of the MOSFET-based solid state switches has attained a minimum possible value. The thermionic emission mechanism, which governs the switching of the Metal-oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), does not allow to achieve subthreshold swing below 60 mV/decade at room temperature, thus establishing a lower limit on the operating voltage. Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) which operate on the principle of field modulation of Band-to-band Tunneling (BTBT) can deliver a subthreshold swing less than 60 mV/dec. Therefore, TFETs are considered as a potential candidate to replace MOSFETs as solid-state switches to achieve further scaling of the supply voltage. However, the swing of a TFET is degraded by non-idealities such as traps, band tails, interface roughness, etc., which are inevitably present. To understand the effect of the non-idealities on the TFETs, physics-based models have been developed in this work and implemented in the Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulator Synopsys Sentaurus Device. Simulations show that channel quantization reduces the on-current of the TFET which is confirmed by comparison with the experimental transfer characteristics of InAs/Si TFETs. Also, interface roughness and band tails are found to degrade the swing. TCAD analysis of experimental InAs/Si and all-III-V TFETs has confirmed that, maximum degradation of the swing results from the traps at the hetero-interface and the oxide interface. Our simulation set-up has achieved good agreement with the experimentally obtained temperature dependent as well as VDS dependent transfer characteristics which confirms reliability of the set-up. Using this set-up, we have shown that, scaling of the


In actual federal court cases involving employment lawsuits, social context factors influenced outcomes. Plaintiffs received less in negotiated settlements than in trials and arbitrations. In arbit...


ABSTRACT In this study, the combined antimicrobial and mosquito repellency treatment on woven cotton fabric using microencapsulated Coleus aromaticus was optimized through Box Behnken experimental design tool. The methanol-based solvent extraction was carried out for the preparation of crude extract from coleus aromaticus. The microcapsules were prepared using Gum acacia as shell material and Coleus aromaticus leaf extract as core material. These capsules were applied over the Cotton fabric through pad-batch method. Three process parameters have been taken for optimization, such as microcapsule concentration (gpl), concentration of BTCA, and curing temperature. The treated fabrics were subjected to antimicrobial activity and mosquito repellency characterization. Subsequent to this, polynomial equation was developed for both antimicrobial activities, as well as mosquito repellency behavior. Through RSM analysis, the influences of each process variables on the response were analyzed. The optimum process parameters are such as the concentration of microcapsule 40gpl, the concentration of BTCA 67.5 gpl, and the curing temperature was 116°C. The combined desirability coefficient was found as 0.792. Further to this, SEM and FTIR studies were executed for the confirmation of microencapsulated treatment effectiveness.


This is an observational, cross-sectional, conducted in 30 patients with heart disease who were hospitalized. Two 6MWT practices were carried along a 20-meter corridor. The distance traveled, the cardiorespiratory parameters and signs of intolerance to physical exertion were collected. The adverse effects identified in both practices were classified as non-cardiopulmonary and cardiopulmonary, and in the latter group, divided into non-serious and serious.