The article contains sections titled:

1. Toxicological Studies: General Aspects
2. Acute Toxicity
2.1. Testing for Acute Toxicity by the Oral Route: LD50 Test and Fixed-Dose Method
2.2. Testing for Acute Skin Toxicity
2.3. Testing for Acute Toxicity by Inhalation
3. Repeated-Dose Toxicity Studies: Subacute, Subchronic and Chronic Studies
4. Ophtalmic Toxicity
5. Sensitization Testing
6. Phototoxicity and Photosensitization Testing
7. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Tests
7.1. Fertility and General Reproductive Performance
7.2. Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity
7.3. Peri- and Postnatal Toxicity
7.4. Multigeneration Studies
7.5. The Role of Maternal Toxicity in Teratogenesis
7.6. In Vitro Tests for Developmental Toxicity
8. Bioassays to determine the carcinogenicity of chemicals in rodents
9. In vitro and in vivo short-term tests for genotoxicity
9.1. Microbial Tests for Mutagenicity
9.1.1. The Ames Test for Bacterial Mutagenicity
9.1.2. Mutagenicity Tests in Escherichia coli
9.1.3. Fungal Mutagenicity Tests
9.2. Eukaryotic Tests for Mutagenicity
9.2.1. Mutation Tests in Drosophila melanogaster
9.2.2. In Vitro Mutagenicity Tests in Mammalian Cells
9.3. In Vivo Mammalian Mutation Tests
9.3.1. Mouse Somatic Spot Test
9.3.2. Mouse Specific Locus Test
9.3.3. Dominant Lethal Test
9.4. Test Systems Providing Indirect Evidence for DNA Damage
9.4.1. Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) Assays
9.4.2. Sister-Chromatid Exchange Test
9.5. Tests for Chromosome Aberrations (Cytogenetic Assays)
9.5.1. Cytogenetic Damage and its Consequences
9.5.2. In Vitro Cytogenetic Assays
9.5.3. In Vivo Cytogenetic Assays
9.6. Malignant Transformation of Mammalian Cells in Culture
9.7. In Vivo Carcinogenicity Studies of Limited Duration
9.7.1. Induction of Altered Foci in the Rodent Liver
9.7.2. Induction of Lung Tumors in Specific Sensitive Strains of Mice
9.7.3. Induction of Skin Tumors in Specific Sensitive Strains of Mice
9.8. Methods to Assess Primary DNA Damage
9.8.1. Alkaline Elution Techniques
9.8.2. Methods to Detect and Quantify DNA Modifications
9.9. Interpretation of Results Obtained in Short-Term Tests
10. Evaluation of Toxic Effects on the Immune System
11. Toxicological Evaluation of the Nervous System
11.1. Functional Observational Battery
11.2. Locomotor Activity
12. Effects on the Endocrine System


ELECTION 2008The home of the new NASA Lunar Science Institute lacks air conditioning, a conference room, and a working water fountain. But lunar scientists hope to refurbish the shabby surroundings as part of a larger renovation that will set the agenda for a new generation of scientific exploration.


Fifty patients having pyoderma or Infectiou Eczematoid Disease (IED) were successfully treated with Septilin 2 tablets t.i.d., for one month followed by 1 tablet t.i.d. for another month. It was seen that thee was a marked improvement in the nature of the discharge from the lesions in most of the cases, and there had not been any case of exacerbation. Only three cases had persistent mucopurulent discharge at the end of 2 months.


It was stated that the Army has aggressively pursued new hybrid techniques more than either the Navy or Air Force. It has 30 ongoing hybrid projects in various stages of contracting and execution, while the Navy has 6 and Air Force 2. The Army is programming for 8 hybrid projects in fiscal year 1979, the Navy for 5 and Air Force none. In terms of dollars, the Army's fiscal year 1979 program is worth $2.25 million, and the Navy is expected to spend about $1.7 million.


We report the high-temperature failure behaviours and mechanisms of K-based additives in the Mg(NH2)2–2LiH hydrogen storage system. The onset of hydrogen release from a Mg(NH2)2–2LiH–0.08KF sample is approximately 80 °C; this is a 50 °C reduction in comparison with the pristine Mg(NH2)2–2LiH. However, the positive effects of K-based additives disappear when the hydrogen release and uptake of the KF-added Mg(NH2)2–2LiH samples are performed at higher temperatures (>200 °C). The change in the crystal structure of the dehydrogenation product, the enlargement in the grain and particle sizes of the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation products, and the increase in the inhomogeneous degree of mixing and distribution of K-based additives should be the three most important reasons for the increased operating temperature during the follow-up cycles. In particular, the ability of K-based additives to lower the operating temperature for hydrogen storage in the Mg(NH2)2–2LiH system can be sufficiently recovered after ball milling. Therefore, the failure of K-based additives after high-temperature treatment is only phenomenological instead of being natural. Strictly limiting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of the K-added Mg(NH2)2–2LiH system at lower temperatures is critical for maintaining the superior effect of K-based additives.


The goal of this paper is to create a model simulating a part of the terrorist attack in the Tokyo subway in 1995 using sarin gas and its implementation using AnyLogic software. Another goal is to find possibilities of minimizing the losses using what-if scenarios. The model should serve as a tool for further investigation of the attack and proposes the appropriate security options in the future. The final part of the work summarizes the results of the research and suggestions for improving the model.


Irresponsible lending and borrowing are key reasons for high public debt levels in low, middle and high-income countries. The related debt service seriously threatens the ability of governments to finance the provision of public services and to achieve internationally agreed development goals. Irresponsible lending and borrowing have also been instrumental in causing financial crises in a large number of countries, as they have driven debt levels beyond a sustainable level, and continue to do so.


Trace expressions are a compact and expressive formalism, initially devised for runtime verification of agent interactions in multiagent systems (MAS), which has been successfully employed to model real protocols, and to generate monitors for mainstream multiagent system platforms, and generalized to support runtime verification of different kinds of properties and systems. In this paper we present the trace expression formalism and its use in the runtime verification context focusing on future works related to the distribution aspects.


As an important ecological corridor, the Yellow River basin (YRB) is crucial for the eco-environmental security and sustainable socio-economic development of China. Systematic studies on the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation cover and the response of vegetation dynamics to climate change in the YRB at different timescales are lacking. Utilizing a long-term remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and gridded climate dataset, we examined the spatiotemporal variability of vegetation cover and its response to climate variables in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) at multiple timescales by using the Mann-Kendall test, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis. Results indicated that the annual NDVI in the YRB decreased spatially from southeast to northwest, and peaked in August. From 1982 to 2015, the YRB experienced greening during the annual, growing season and spring, with statistically significant NDVI increases (p < 0.05) recorded in over 55% of the vegetated areas. NDVI trends should be expected to persist in the future, as evidenced by the Hurst index exceeding 0.5 in over 85% areas of the YRB. Temperature and precipitation determined the spatiotemporal pattern of vegetation cover in the YRB, and vegetation dynamics response to climatic variations varied among seasons and climatic zones. In contrast to other seasons, spring NDVI was significantly correlated with temperature, whereas winter vegetation was more vulnerable to suppression by increased precipitation. Vegetation growth was more susceptible to precipitation than to temperature in the arid and semiarid zones, while temperature dominated vegetation dynamics in the semi-humid zone, and the sunshine duration was essential for vegetation growth in high-altitude regions. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interrelationship between vegetation dynamics and climate change in the YRB and provides useful suggestions for the regional ecological conservation in the context of global warming.


Three sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) cultivars that varied in vine length were compared at 5 N levels. Increasing N levels increased weight and the percentage of No. 1 grade roots of all cultivars. Vine length did not have a linear effect on yield. The long-vine 'Centennial' out-yielded the other cultivars, followed by the short-vine 'L3-243' and the intermediate-vine length 'Goldrush'. N applications linearly increased dry matter, carotenoid (fresh and processed), protein content, and reduced fiber content of all cultivars. Cultivars varied significantly for each quality variable studied with the exception of protein content (fresh wt basis), including dry matter, carotenoids, fiber, firmness, and split roots after processing. N applications had no influence on soil P, K, Ca, Mg, or pH. Organic matter content of the soil was increased slightly by increased N applications, probably as a result of excessive vine growth, which was incorporated into the soil after harvest.


Simple Summary Lynch syndrome is characterized by a higher relative risk of developing certain cancers, especially digestive cancers. Many guidelines from different scientific societies are now available and allow excellent follow-up for these patients, but occasionally propose divergent management approaches. We provide here a synthesis of these guidelines and a focus on prevention, diagnosis, and endoscopic follow-up of these digestive cancers and early neoplasia. Abstract Lynch syndrome patients could benefit from various recommendations to prevent digestive cancers. In this review, we summarize the criteria to identify Lynch syndrome in patients with digestive cancers. We detail endoscopic screening procedures in patients with Lynch syndrome for gastric, small bowel, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. We review the precise modalities of endoscopic follow-up, particularly the discrepancies that exist between the guidelines of the various scientific societies. We discuss the treatment of colorectal cancers in Lynch syndrome cases and patient adherence to endoscopic follow-up programs.


Project portfolio management (PPM) is evolving swiftly and becoming the main tool of managing complex project environment. Many organisations are adopting this system in an effort to achieve a better strategic alignment, reduce organisational project complexity, increase the project success rate and improve utilisation of organisation's resources. The paper aims to examine motivations for implementation of PPM and its alignment with business strategies. This empirical evidence is to be confronted with literature. We examine PPM practices in five (multinational) companies based in the Netherlands, representing a diverse sectoral and organisational mix. The study is rich in practical implications for organisations. The paper adds novel insights that can improve the success of project portfolio management in practice.


had not been completed in 6 patients. Of the remainder, 98 have returned to full work and 3 to part-time activities. These patients come from many walks of life and include a doctor, nurses, business executives, a cleric, an actor, housewives, long distance lorry drivers, school children, engineers, and an engine driver. The last patient had a stage 3 carcinoma of his transverse colon complicating the colitis and four years after operation he is still driving his engine. There has been a return to maximum pre-illness weight in most cases and some have so exceeded this that a dietary regime has had to be imposed. Two patients have had normal confinements and two have sired infants.


Abstract We have used Resonant Raman scattering induced by pressure tuning to study the phase transition of bulk and 40–80 A colloidal microcrystallite CdS. The experimental results show that the bulk CdS undergoes a well defined first order phase transition at 27 kbar and the intensity of the Raman scattering increases sharply when the level of the intermediate state (bound exciton I2) is close to the photon energy. After the phase transition no Raman scattering and photoluminescence can be observed. However, the phase transition in the colloidal CdS is quite different from the bulk CdS and the phase transition occurs over a large pressure region up to 50 kbar. We attribute this different pressure behavior in colloidal CdS to the effect of surface reconstruction and large surface distortion energy of the small particles.


The Mα and Mβ emission spectra and the MIV and MV absorption spectra have been studied for the rare earth elements. It is conclusively shown that the complicated multiplet structure observed in the emission spectra is not real emission structure but is, instead, produced by sample self‐absorption. This is demonstrated by observing the emission spectra over wide variations in take‐off angle and bombarding‐electron energies and finally by comparing the detailed structure of both the emission and absorption spectra. The MIV and MV absorption structure completely overlaps the Mα and Mβ emission lines which are each found to have but one intensity maximum when obtained under conditions of minimum self‐absorption. Some of these spectra have never been shown previously, while others have been studied in detail by several investigators. Points of agreement and disagreement with previous work are mentioned and the wavelengths of the emission lines and absorption edges are listed for all of the lanthanides. It is c...


The invention provides a large-mining-height dual-fully mechanized mining face stoping process. The stoping process comprises the following steps: (1) determining whether the coal-seam thickness of a mining area of a working face to be mined is within the range of 3.5-7.0m, whether the geological structure is simple and relatively stable in thickness and whether the inclination angle is smaller than 12 degrees; and (2) arranging three parallel stoping tunnels in a main tunnel of a vertical mining area, communicating every two adjacent tunnels by use of an open-off cut to form a large-mining-height fully mechanized mining face, and then forming a left large-mining-height fully mechanized mining face and a right large-mining-height fully mechanized mining face, wherein the dip separation of the two faces is determined according to a formula as described in the specification. The large-mining-height dual-fully mechanized mining face stoping process is used for solving the technical problem that the large-mining-height fully mechanized mining face is incapable of breaking through the yield of 10 million tons/a to a large extent, and meanwhile, provides the enough security guarantee and cost control.


Hypertension prevalence is higher among non‐Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics, yet fewer Hispanics receive treatment. There are several approaches to assess accordance to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan and these rarely include Hispanics. A food frequency questionnaire was used to score and compare three DASH scoring paradigms (Fung et al 2008 (FUDASH), Toledo et al 2007(TODASH) and Folsom et al 2007(FODASH). Using SPSS, Spearman correlations and kappa tests were performed between DASH scores. In this cross‐sectional study of Hispanics, 169 participants were 66±9 years, obese (BMI 30±5) and 73 % female;29% were hypertensive. There were 17% accordant (score, 29–38) based on FUDASH 13% were accordant (score, 3–6) based on TODASH and 55% were accordant (score, 6–10) based on FODASH. Correlations and kappas are as follows: FUDASH‐TODASH (rs=0.46, p<0.001; kappa=0.25, p <0.001), TODASH‐FODASH (rs=0.43, p<0.001; kappa =0.10 p<0.01) and FUDASH‐FODASH (rs=0.69, p<0.001; kappa=0.16; p<0.0001). Based on these analyses, choice of the scoring paradigm to assess DASH accordance is critical and warrants further study.


The goal of the study is the analysis of national documents on the topic of the study, the main actors who shape the policy of internationalization at the national levels and the identification of the mechanisms used to ensure the efficiency of educational activities in universities in the context of internationalization in countries that are leaders in the number of international students. To achieve the above goal, several methods have been used, including an internet search, analysis, systematization of evident information. It was found that Ministries of education provide the regulatory framework for higher education and cooperate with other national ministries and organizations to develop international opportunities for higher education. Policies and programs to promote incoming/outgoing student mobility aimed at «degree mobility» or «credit mobility» include: grants and scholarships; simplification of visa policy; preferential admission; «Study in» marketing campaigns. The main goals of national organizations are: to maintain the visibility of higher education on the international market of educational services; attract international students to study in the country; promote language learning; join forces to solve global problems. The impact of national internationalization policies on the efficiency of educational activities is largely measured by the following quantitative indicators: number of foreign students, number of educational programs in foreign languages, and number of double degree programs. Based on the results of the analysis of European internationalization strategies, recommendations have been formulated to increase the effectiveness of educational activities in the context of internationalization.


Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) comprise a class of broad-spectrum fungicides utilized for management of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In many cases, reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides has been correlated with point mutations in the SdhB and SdhC target genes that encode components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. The genetic basis of SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms, however, has been functionally characterized in very few fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a fast-growing and SDHI fungicide-sensitive phytopathogenic fungus that can be conveniently transformed. Given the high amino acid sequence similarity and putative structural similarity of SDHI protein target sites between S. sclerotiorum and other common phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi, we developed an in vitro heterologous expression system that used S. sclerotiorum as a reporter strain. With this system, we were able to demonstrate the function of mutant SdhB or SdhC alleles from several ascomycete fungi in conferring resistance to multiple SDHI fungicides. In total, we successfully validated the function of Sdh alleles that had been previously identified in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea, Blumeriella jaapii, and Clarireedia jacksonii (formerly S. homoeocarpa) in conferring resistance to boscalid, fluopyram or fluxapyroxad, and used site-directed mutagenesis to construct and phenotype a mutant allele that is not yet known to exist in Monilinia fructicola populations. We also examined the functions of these alleles in conferring cross-resistance to more recently introduced SDHIs including inpyrfluxam, pydiflumetofen, and pyraziflumid. The approach developed in this study can potentially be widely applied to interrogate SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms in other phytopathogenic ascomycetes.


An escalating energy demand can be seen especially in developing and fast-growing economies such as India. Conventional energy resources meet most of the energy demand. The alarming issue of global warming and the dependency on fossil fuels to meet the energy demand has motivated the use of clean energy sources. In this context, the educational institutions with high electricity consumption in India have been planning to opt for locally available renewable energy sources to meet their electricity demand. Even one of the most crucial issues in such academic institutions is the food waste management. Most of the institutes, give up their food wastage to piggeries which are directly fed to animals or discarded or dumped irrationally. In this paper, an optimal microgrid solution using locally available energy resources for a real physical location considering its real time-power demand is proposed. Various scenarios and different combinations of energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic, food waste based biogas plant, and a diesel generator as backup have been considered along with batteries as storage in off-grid and grid-connected systems. Hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER) PRO software package is utilized for detailed technical and financial analysis with a multiyear growth approach to determine the optimal energy system, which is unlikely observed in literature so far. The detailed analysis results illustrate that photovoltaic contributes most of the electricity being generated in all the scenarios. The renewable fraction is comparatively high in the off-grid system in the range of 92% to 100% as compared with 63% to 80% in grid-connected systems. The results obtained also show that levelized cost of electricity is low in case of grid-connected systems varying between 0.18 Indian National Rupee (INR)/kWh to 1.39 INR/kWh in contrast to 11.96 INR/kWh to 18.47 INR/kWh for off-grid systems.


Background: Glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G6PD)deficiencyincreasesthevulnerabilityofredbloodcellstooxidativedam-age. Inthisstudy,weaimedtoevaluatetheassociationof serumzinclevelwiththeseverityof G6PDdeficiencyinchildrenwithacute hemolysis. Methods: Thiscrosssectionalstudywasperformedon40children,admittedtohospitalduetoacutehemolysisof G6PDdeficiency. Hemoglobin level, number of transfusions, severity of hemoglobinuria, duration of acute hemolysis, and severity of hemoglobin drop were recorded; moreover, serum zinc level was monitored. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 18. Results: The serum concentration of zinc was higher in male patients compared to females (P = 0.044), while hemoglobin level upon admission was lower in male patients (P = 0.013). The serum level of zinc had no association with hemoglobin level (0.333), number of transfusions (P = 0.604), severity of hemoglobinuria (P = 0.569), duration of acute hemolysis (P = 0.908), and severity of hemoglobin drop (P = 0.932). Conclusions: This study revealed that serum zinc concentration was not associated with the severity of acute hemolysis in G6PD-deficient children.


First-principles plan-wave pseudopotential method is used to calculate the energy bandgap properties, bowing parameters and structural properties of wurtzite BexZn1-xO alloys. The results show that the energy bandgaps and average bowing parameters of BexZn1-xO alloys increase with Be content increasing. We find the corrections of the energy bandgaps of BexZn1-xO alloys in accordance with the experimental value. The reason about the energy bandgaps broadened is analyzed. The average bowing parameter of BexZn1-xO alloys is 6.02eV, which is in good agreement with previous experimental data. The bowing parameter mostly arises from volume deformation of alloy and charge transfer effect. Futhermore, we have analyzed the change of lattice parameter, average bond length and average second-neighboring distance along with Be content in BexZn1-xO alloys.


In the conclusions of his article on the implications of science and technology for international institutions Eugene B. Skolnikoff advances three provocative propositions: 1) Existing international institutions and governmental attitudes are inadequate to meet the requirements imposed by foreseeable technological developments. 2) These requirements may be better met by creating new international institutions rather than by adding to the functions of those already in existence, especially the United Nations. 3) States with advanced technological development may have to reserve to themselves substantial if not exclusive power in international institutions concerned with technology. With these propositions as guidelines he issues a plea for creative planning for the 1970s and the even more distant future.


Background: In AD, APP can be processed in lipid rafts, and γ-secretase-associated proteins (GSAPs) can affect Aβ production. Results: We identify novel GSAPs in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Conclusion: VDAC1 and CNTNAP1 associate with γ-secretase in DRMs and affect APP processing with less effect on Notch processing. Significance: Novel GSAPs that regulate Aβ production can be used as AD therapeutic targets. In Alzheimer disease, oligomeric amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) species lead to synapse loss and neuronal death. γ-Secretase, the transmembrane protease complex that mediates the final catalytic step that liberates Aβ from its precursor protein (APP), has a multitude of substrates, and therapeutics aimed at reducing Aβ production should ideally be specific for APP cleavage. It has been shown that APP can be processed in lipid rafts, and γ-secretase-associated proteins can affect Aβ production. Here, we use a biotinylated inhibitor for affinity purification of γ-secretase and associated proteins and mass spectrometry for identification of the purified proteins, and we identify novel γ-secretase-associated proteins in detergent-resistant membranes from brain. Furthermore, we show by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of gene expression that a subset of the γ-secretase-associated proteins, in particular voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and contactin-associated protein 1 (CNTNAP1), reduced Aβ production (Aβ40 and Aβ42) by around 70%, whereas knockdown of presenilin 1, one of the essential γ-secretase complex components, reduced Aβ production by 50%. Importantly, these proteins had a less pronounced effect on Notch processing. We conclude that VDAC1 and CNTNAP1 associate with γ-secretase in detergent-resistant membranes and affect APP processing and suggest that molecules that interfere with this interaction could be of therapeutic use for Alzheimer disease.


For practical use of radiative wireless power transfer (WPT), it is necessary to design a system which is able to supply circuits with a dynamic loading characteristic. In this paper we present a practical way to obtain efficiency and dc output power characteristics of a WPT system. An Avago HSMS-2852 Schottky diode pair is used to rectify the RF power. The diode pair is matched to a 50 Ω input impedance and loaded with an Texas Instruments TI BQ22570 Power Management Circuit. The system is able to deliver 20 mW dc output power during 10 ms with a period of 8.7 s at an RF input power level of -10 dBm. This corresponds to a distance in excess of 9 m having a 6 dBi receiving antenna and using a 3 W EIRP transmitter at 868 MHz.


The knowledge and beliefs that teachers hold are an important determiner of what happens in the classroom. Ideally teacher cognition should be informed by research and theory about effective language learning. This paper examines the beliefs related to vocabulary teaching held by a cohort of 60 Malaysian pre-service teachers engaged in a multi-year trans-national teacher education programme. It also examines how these beliefs are reflected in descriptions of imagined teaching. This examination suggests that pre-service teachers hold beliefs that coincide with those of their trainers to some extent, but that they do not give effective expression to their beliefs in descriptions of teaching. It may therefore be more appropriate to focus on developing knowledge of language teaching practices in pre-service teacher education than on beliefs.


Background Smart homes are becoming an increasingly integral part of our daily lives. Smart homes consist of domestic Internet of Things (IoT) products that are connected to a communication network and provide various functions and services to their consumers with the purpose of improvement of their quality of life. However previous research suggests there is very limited user-centric research published in this domain. One of the main factors for the success of smart homes is the acceptance and adoption of technology by new users. This report presents a literature review conducted with the aim of exploring smart homes, their characteristics, advantages, and challenges perceived by the consumer. This paper investigates various factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of new technologies by consumers and how the design of smart homes can be integrated with a product-service system (PSS), considering socio-cultural aspects. Methods The study is an integrative review of papers from major journals in design, consumer research, management, and marketing on the topic of smart home IoT products from 2000 to 2020 relevant articles were shortlisted and analyzed considering the purpose, method, and main findings of the studies. Results The four major categories that emerged through the analysis of the shortlisted articles are as follows: 1. The Terminology used in smart home and IoT products, 2. Consumer behavior and its relationship with the other factors such as benefits, barriers, and socio-cultural aspects in smart homes, 3. New technology acceptance, and 4. Product service system (PSS) design in smart homes. Conclusions A multi-faceted evaluation of articles of the first two categories proposes a new theoretical framework investigating consumer behavior related to smart homes and IoT product adoption. The framework is described illustrating key terms and associations between them with future directions on smart home IoT products. It is expected that design practitioners and researchers would find the developed framework helpful while designing IoT products.


Recently the subject of the relation between the level of welfare payments and the number of people receiving welfare has attracted renewed interest. This paper presents an analysis of the determinants of the proportion of people receiving one form of public assistance, General Assistance Payments. We develop a model which is somewhat more complete than those of earlier studies by including more appropriate measures of the economic forces which affect the likelihood of people receiving GAP. Our results suggest that labor market conditions, particularly the unemployment rate during the recent past, is the most consistent explanation of variations in the rate of assistance. The level of the payments themselves seem to play a distinctly secondary role. These conclusions hold for both the numbers of families and individuals on General Assistance. In addition, we show that the recent controversy regarding the effect of the level of GAP on the demand for assistance is likely to be a matter of model specification rather than matters of definition or theory.


People face many different small or great problems in certain periods of their lives. The most distinct quality of problem-solving skills is to eliminate all negative phenomena in order to achieve a certain goal. This study aims to understand whether problem-solving skills of some students studying at the departments of physical education teaching, coaching education and sports management at different schools of physical education and sports vary depending on their university, department, gender, and socio-economic status. 243 female and 351 male students (N=594) studying at School of Physical Education and Sports at the University of The Yozgat Bozok, Erciyes University and Omer Halis Demir University during 2017-2018 academic year comprise the sample of the present study. To this aims, Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), which was developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) and adapted by Sahin et al. (1993) was used as a data collection tool. Data normality was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests. T-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were also applied to independent samples to test hypotheses. When the number of independent variable groups was more than one and ANOVA results were significant, post-hoc LSD test was applied in order to identify differences between groups. The data analysis demonstrated that female students' problem-solving skills were significantly higher compared to male students. In addition, the participants' average problem-solving skill scores displayed a significant difference. It was found out that average problem-solving skill scores of students studying at the University of Yozgat Bozok were significantly higher than those studying at Erciyes University and Omer Halis Demir University.


Perceptions of education is a cognitive process that is experienced by everyone in understanding information about their environment through sight, hearing, appreciation, feeling, and smell. This study aimed to analyze the low level of education of Sungai Loban villagers. This study used survey method. The study population was all residents of the village of Sungai Loban aged between 16-19 years. Samples of the present study used a non-probability sampl ing, with the samples of 128 people. The data analysis us ed descriptive test, test requirement analysis and hypothesis testing using analysis of product moment. This study use d a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The r esults of this study found that (1) the social environment ha d a positive influence on the interest to go to college which was proved with r 2 value, amounted to 0.0992 or 9.92%, (2) p erception of education ha d a positive influence on the interest to continue to college which was evidenced by the high r 2 value, amounted to 0.4173 or 41.73%, (3) t he influence of the social environment and perceptions of education to interest s of go ing to college (studies o n secondary education students who reside d in the village of Sungai Loban Tanah Bumbu regency) , simultaneously by 44.3% and the re maining 55.7 % wa s influenced by other factors , but not examined in this study. Students as the next generation should have high education in order to participate in economic development and other fields. The low enrollment rate occured because there we re several influencing factors , such as: transportation and other economic factors and personal awareness. Keywords: Social environment, Perception s about Education, Interests, Coll ege.


Context: Herpes genitalis is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus for which no therapy is available which can cure its recurrence. Aims: Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of topical silver nitrate (AgNO3) in combination with oral levamisole in recurrent herpes genitalis. Methods and Material: A total of 60 patients clinically diagnosed as recurrent herpes genitalis (with 2 or more episodes in last 6 months) with a positive Tzanck smear were divided into 2 groups (test and control) of 30 patients each. Patients in test group were treated with topical application of 10% AgNO3, and then repeated every week, till lesions cleared, or for a maximum of 4 applications along with oral levamisole. In control group distilled water was applied. Patients were followed up for a total period of 24 weeks Results were analysed statistically. Results: In test group only 12 (40%) out of 30 patients showed recurrence, whereas in control group 21 (70%) out of 30 patients showed recurrence. Conclusion: Topical AgNO3 along with oral levamisole has been found to be an effective therapeutic modality not only for treatment but also for preventing recurrence of herpes genitalis and prolonging remissions.


Background  Oral terbinafine and oral itraconazole are two of the most common agents used for the treatment of toenail dermatophyte onychomycosis. Despite the fact that diabetic patients are more likely to have onychomycosis than normal individuals are, there is little research into the efficacy of standard oral regimens of terbinafine and itraconazole for onychomycosis in the diabetic population.


A thin wideband resistively loaded absorber with frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. A unit cell of the absorber contains a "c" shaped metallic dipole which printed on the substrate, loaded with a lumped resistor in the middle. A PEC ground plane was under the substrate. The substrate material chosen is FR4, having a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02 and a thickness of 1mm. Simulation results show that the absorption coefficient of the proposed structure is greater than 90% from 4.07GHz to 16.54GHz with 121% operating frequency band, while the thickness is less than 8% of the free space wavelength at the lowest operation frequency. In addition, the effects of structure parameters of the unit cell and various incident angles on the absorption properties were analyzed.


The anti-bullying and school-based violence program is an effort to prevent and deal with violence against children. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the vision, mission and work programs of change agents, the impact of the existence of change agents, and how collaboration between Guidance and Counseling Teachers and Change Agents. The research subjects consisted of Guidance and Counseling Teachers, members of Change Agents and Students. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study are (1) Vision and Mission of the program for preventing and overcoming acts of bullying within the education unit, as an effort to prevent and deal with violence against children. Aims to create a safe and comfortable climate for students to learn. (2) The impact of the existence of a change agent for SMK Negeri 2 Banjarbaru, namely the existence of an anti-bullying change agent has a positive impact on school residents, including self-awareness to always behave well and spread kindness to fellow human beings. (3) Guidance and Counseling Teachers and Change Agents collaborate well where the Guidance and Counseling Teachers become facilitators or coaches. Meanwhile, change agents are tasked with giving or influencing friends with positive behavior and always maintaining the comfort of the school.


Constrained multiobjective optimization arises in
many real-life applications, and is therefore gaining a constantly
growing attention of the researchers. Constraint handling techniques
differ in the way infeasible solutions are evolved in
the evolutionary process along with their feasible counterparts.
Our recently proposed threshold based penalty function gives
a chance of evolution to infeasible solutions whose constraint
violation is less than a specified threshold value. This paper
embeds the threshold based penalty function in the update and
replacement scheme of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm
based on decomposition (MOEA/D) to find tradeoff solutions for
constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs). The
modified algorithm is tested on CTP-series test instances in terms
of the hypervolume metric (HV-metric). The experimental results
are compared with the two well-known algorithms, NSGA-II and
IDEA. The sensitivity of algorithm to the adopted parameters is
also checked. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed penalty function in the MOEA/D framework for
CMOPs


Objective: To compare the unprecedented 91 cases of melioidosis in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia from 1 October 2009 to 30 September 2010 with the 540 cases in the preceding 20 years and postulate reasons for this year of very high melioidosis incidence.


Abstract Effects of design parameters of the twisted mini-channel, including twist pitch, width, height, and length, are investigated numerically at the Reynolds numbers between 300 and 1500. The Al2O3-H2O nanofluid is used as working fluid, and it is simulated using the mixture two-phase model. The volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles is 1, 2, 3, and 4%. The results show that decreasing of twist pitch and channel length leads to higher values of the Nusselt number. As the Reynolds number is increased, the influence of these factors enhances. The increase of the channel width and height decreases the convective thermal resistance and thus improves the Nusselt number along with a certain penalty in the pressure drops. For all models, by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the convective thermal resistance is reduced leading to the thermal performance improvement. Finally, two correlations are proposed for the Nusselt number and friction factor, which are useful as a tool to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the twisted mini-channel.


An analysis for the growth process of PbI2 single crystal by bridgman method has been made.It is found that during the growth process,the iodine vaporizing and condensing,the lead segregating and precipitating are two important factors affecting the crystal quality with ampoule descending.A new pull method using U-type ampoule was proposed in the paper to grow PbI2 single crystal,the results show the iodine evaporating was effectively avoided and the segregating lead removed,and an orange and translucent PbI2 crystal was obtained.Tests demonstrated that the crystallinity of the grown PbI2 crystal is excellent,the infrared transmission is about 45% and the resistivity is about 1.7×1012Ω·cm.All of these are the base for fabrication of PbI2 room temperature nuclear radiation detectors with excellent performance.


Introduction A majority of the biomechanical in-vitro studies depend on virtual coordinate systems. These are in most cases based on anatomic landmarks. Typically, the vertebral body is marked by passive or active markers and tracked with a motion capture. Each vertebra needs to be referenced with a digitizing probe. The precision of this registration and the consecutive orientation of the body coordinate system are mainly depended on distinguishable anatomic landmarks. Hence, referencing of vertebral bodies is quite error prone. Further problems arise if the reference procedure has to be redone during testing process or the anatomic landmarks are not accessible because of the operative procedure or testing set-up. Material and Methods To address the problem of repeatability, we developed a set of small marker screws that have specially designed screw heads (Fig. 1). The spherical tip of the digitizing probe can be fitted into the cutout cone of the screw head with the result that the referenced point is equivalent to the point of intersection of the screw axis and the perpendicular base of the cone. Accordingly, if the screws are firmly attached to the bone, it will be possible to reference the points very reliable. The following steps did this: 1st step: Insertion of three or four marker screws into each vertebral body. The positions can be freely chosen as long as the motion capture system is able to generate a coordinate system. Any interference with the operative procedure or testing setup should be prevented at this point. 2nd step: Performing a CT/MRI scan of the specimen. In most cases, this has to be done to exclude compromising defects anyway and consequently, no extra effort is necessary. 3rd step: Referencing of the body coordinate systems with the aid of the marker screws. This can be repeated during the testing procedure if necessary. 4th step: Completion of the in vitro testing procedure. Results Transformation matrices could correct the virtual shift from the referenced body coordinate systems to the anatomically aligned coordinate systems taken from CT scan. This was done by determination of the marker screw heads in the depicted volume and virtual regeneration of the referenced body coordinate systems from the 3rd step. Then the coordinates for the generation of the anatomically aligned coordinate systems can be obtained. On the basis of the two coordinate systems, a transformation matrix can be calculated to shift data from one system to the other. In consequence, it was possible to apply each transformation matrix to the data set obtained during the in vitro testing procedure to shift it virtually to the respective anatomically aligned coordinate system. Conclusion The presented algorithm facilitates the link between the kinetic data from in vitro testing procedures and the precise anatomical data from 3D imaging. Accordingly, it might help to understand complex motion parameters (e.g., FHA) by plotting them into the 3D volume. Fig. 1 Marker screw and digitizing probe.


A two-hole directional coupler consisting of an air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AFSIW) coupled to a dielectric-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is introduced and studied for the first time. The design of the proposed two-hole coupler, based on different dielectric-loaded SIWs and on multilayer printed circuit board process, is presented in detail with its theoretical foundation. The proposed coupler is of interest for monitoring high-performance, self-packaged, and low-cost millimeter-wave substrate integrated systems based on AFSIW. For demonstration purposes, a forward coupler operating in the Ka-band satellite uplink frequency band (27 to 31 GHz) has been designed and fabricated. In its frequency range of operation, it achieves measured insertion loss, coupling, and isolation of 0.28 ± 0.15 dB, 20.8 ± 0.24 dB, and 46.76 ± 3.92 dB, respectively.


We investigate the interplay between magnetic and structural dynamics in ferromagnetic atomic point contacts. In particular, we look at the effect of the atomic relaxation on the energy barrier for magnetic domain wall migration and, reversely, at the effect of the magnetic state on the mechanical forces and structural relaxation. We observe changes of the barrier height due to the atomic relaxation up to 200%, suggesting a very strong coupling between the structural and the magnetic degrees of freedom. The reverse interplay is weak; i.e., the magnetic state has little effect on the structural relaxation at equilibrium or under nonequilibrium, current-carrying conditions.


A novel dual-band antenna by using CRLH-TL structure is proposed for the wireless local area network (WLAN) application. The dual-band behavior is achieved by loading shorted meander lines and interdigital capacitor to form unit-cell CRLH-TL loaded antenna. The bandwidth enhancement of proposed antenna can be achieved by merging the two extended-bandwidth resonances. The dual-band version exhibits two distinct resonances at 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz, with measured −10 dB bandwidths of 500MHz and 2.1GHz. The lowest resonance at 2.4GHz corresponds to a 47% reduction in the resonant frequency compared to a reference unloaded monopole. The size of proposed antenna is 30 × 20 × 1.6mm3. The measured gain reaches −1.6 dBi at 2.4Hz and 2.6 dBi at 5.5GHz, respectively. The measurement and simulation results show good agreement.


The current knowledge on the treatment of resorcinol-and nitrogen-containing wastewater in different treatment wetlands is limited. This study investigated three laboratory-scale treatment wetlands, namely, floating wetland, planted wetland and unplanted wetland, treating artificial wastewater containing resorcinol and ammonium. Under the inflow resorcinol concentration of 10 mg/L, these wetlands exhibited a removal efficiency of approximately 94% on average, with a specific area removal rate of 260 mg/(m2·d), regardless of wetland type and the presence of plants. These results suggest that treatment of resorcinol-containing wastewater by wetlands is a low-cost and ecological alternative. Compared with the dynamics of ammonium in the unplanted wetland, the high ammonium removal rate (>95%) observed for the planted and floating wetlands strongly indicated that the plants stimulated ammonium oxidation processes mainly by releasing oxygen from the roots. Acidification at pH 3, which can be attributed to an active nitrification process and the secretion of hydrogen ions by the plant roots, was observed in the floating wetland. The low pH buffer capacity could be caused by the low content of dissolved inorganic carbonates, and the use of substrate may act as a barrier to prevent rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide from the pore water to the atmosphere. The significant nitrate accumulation rate of 20 mg/L noted in the floating wetland indicated a limited denitrification process due to the high redox condition (600 mV). A better oxygenated condition for the floating wetland is beneficial to oxidation removal of organic compounds and ammonium, but it may not be good for such reduction processes as denitrification.


Fibrous dysplasia is a rare fibro-osseous lesion of the bone that has been described in horses, dogs, cats, pigs, and monkey~.~ The lesion may be either monostotic or polyostotic and is thought to be developmental rather than neoplastic.' Young animals are most commonly affected and may be presented for disfigurement or obstruction of natural cavities or passage^.^.^ Expansile growth may result in decreased bone strength leading to pathologic fract~re.~ This report details the clinical and pathologic findings associated with fibrous dysplasia in a dog. A 5-month-old, female Collie was presented for a firm enlargement of the nose near the level of the left canine tooth. Radiographs revealed no abnormalities, and the dog was treated with a broad spectrum antibiotic. The swelling continued to increase in size, and the dog was returned to the clinic for re-evaluation 6 days later. Physical examination revealed a fever of 40 C, probably due to a unilateral rhinitis secondary to partial or complete occlusion of the left nasal cavity. An aspirate of the lesion was submitted for bacteriologic culture, and the antibiotic therapy was changed. Culture of the aspirate yielded an alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus and chromogenic rods, which were considered contaminants. Continued expansile growth of the mass resulted in disfigurement of the anterior nose. The owners opted to euthanatize the dog 3 weeks after its initial presentation. A complete necropsy was performed, and significant gross findings were confined to the nose. The submitting veterinarian described a firm, gray- and red-mottled mass that was effacing nasal turbinates and overlying cortical bone. Portions of the nasal mass were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted to C. E. Kord Animal Disease Laboratory for histologic evaluation. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed numerous delicate spicules of immature, woven bone that were separated by a proliferation of cells having an oval to fusiform shape with deeply basophilic nuclei and small amounts of lightly basophilic cytoplasm. Trabeculae varied, with some being linear and occasionally parallel, while other spicules were curved, sometimes nearly forming circles. Many trabeculae were lined by fusiform cells resembling the adjacent fibroblastic proliferation (Fig. l), although occasional hypertrophied cells consistent with osteoblasts were also present. Multinucleate giant cells were dispersed throughout the stroma, sometimes located within Howship's lacunae. Much of the spindle cell proliferation was loosely arranged, although more compact areas contained small amounts of collagen. There was a loss of overlying cortical bone, yet the lesion was confined by periosteum (Fig. 2). A few scattered lymphoid cells were located along the margins of the mass, while siderophages were dispersed throughout the supporting stroma. Based on clinical, gross, and histologic findings, the lesion was diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia. In contrast to animals, fibrous dysplasia in human beings is a relatively common pathologic abnormality of bone that begins in childhood but may not be recognized until adult It is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign tumescences of ribs and also occurs in the long bones and the skulL6 In human beings, the maxilla is the most common site of involvement in the skull, and fibrous dysplasia occurs in a monostotic form.6 Histologically, the lesion consists of


We report a new pathway through which PP1β signals to nucleophosmin (NPM) in response to DNA damage. UV induces dephosphorylation of NPM at multiple sites, leading to enhancement of complex formation between NPM and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the subsequent upregulation of E2F1. Consequently, such signaling pathway potentiates the cellular DNA repair capacity.


This article shows that extended mandates are especially effective for investors subject to taxes. Not only is the portfolio more efficiently positioned from a before-tax perspective, but it also offers significant after-tax benefits from both increased loss harvesting and tax arbitrage between tax rates on long and short positions. Recent studies have shown that adding a short extension to a long-only tax-exempt equity portfolio leads to a more efficient portfolio. In this article, we show that these extended mandates are even more effective for taxable investors. Not only is the portfolio more efficiently positioned from a pretax perspective, but it also offers significant after-tax benefits from increased loss-harvesting opportunities and tax arbitrage between tax rates on long and short positions. Following a review of extended strategies, the principles of tax-efficient investing, and the relevant tax regulations for long and short holdings, we give a conceptual rationale of why this strategy works so well for taxable investors. One reason is that a portfolio with long and short positions offers loss-harvesting opportunities in both up and down markets, in contrast to a long-only portfolio, which suffers from a lock-in effect during bull markets. Extended mandates also offer an effective arbitrage on differential tax rates because both realized losses and the expensing of dividends on the short side are always at short-term rates. A short extension thus allows holdings to be repositioned in a more tax-efficient manner, which creates a more optimal portfolio from a pretax perspective and reduces taxes from both inside and outside the portfolio. To explore our conceptual expectations and provide empirical support, we ran a series of Monte Carlo simulations based on 25 years of actual S&P 500 Index returns. We constructed forecasts with a moderate amount of explanatory power by using realized returns mixed with a significant amount of noise; we also constructed monthly risk-controlled portfolios for both long-only and short-extension strategies that were managed in both a tax-exempt and a tax-efficient manner. We examined returns and their components on a before- and after-tax basis. Our simulation results confirm our expectations. If run in a tax-insensitive fashion, the tax-exempt long-only case has a positive added value that becomes negative after taxes, but it retains a significant amount of added value when run with proper tax management. The tax-exempt extended mandate improves upon the long-only case. These results confirm and enhance prior research. The after-tax results of extended mandates are particularly new and interesting. Even when run in a tax-insensitive fashion, the extended strategy retains positive after-tax performance because of realized losses from short positions sold in a generally rising market. The real power arises when short-extension portfolios are run in a tax-sensitive manner, with annualized after-tax alpha more than double that in the long-only case. To gain further insight into the dynamics of these strategies, we examined their performance and characteristics over time and analyzed the components of after-tax value performance. Both tax-advantaged strategies notably reduce gains realization, but extended mandates have a superior dividend advantage and dramatically increase the capture of short-term losses. We close with some practical considerations. We discuss the impact of different tax rates, both individual and corporate. We also discuss the impact of forecasting skill because we assumed a respectable amount thereof in our simulations. Although pretax added value is one aspect of added value, the after-tax aspect is far larger and far more certain. Finally, adding a short extension is particularly useful for legacy assets with a low cost basis because the extra extension can reposition the portfolio and the additional loss harvesting allows large positions to be reduced in a tax-efficient manner. For taxable investors, the case for extended mandates is quite compelling.


Adding RE element Sc to magnesium can improve the mechanical properties,especially the mechanical properties under higher temperature.The analysis was operated on the valence emectron structure of Mg-Sc alloy with the Empirical Electron Theory in solid and Molecules.Calculation show that magnesium is on the third hybrid level and scandium on the fifth hybrid level in pure metal crystal.The enhanced bond energy and Valence electron density illustrates that the solution strength effect of Sc is better.MgSc phase priority precipitated in aging process with high degree of coherent can significantly improve the strength and function of the creep resistance,efficiently refine grain of the magnesium alloy.


We report the anisotropic focusing characteristics of a spherically configured region of micro-domains that have been induced within a cubic shaped crystal of Ce:doped Sr Ba Nb O . The internal spherical structure 0.61 0.39 2 6 focuses extraordinary polarised light, but not ordinary polarised. The spherical region, which is easily observed via scattering, is formed as the crystal cools down, after a repoling cycle through the Curie temperature, with an applied field. Analytic modelling of the thermal gradients that exist within the crystal during cooling reveals a small (<1 ) temperature difference between the central and outside regions. The similarity in shape between o these temperature profiles and the observed scattering region suggests a possible mechanism for the growth of this spherical micro-domained structure.


The fragmentation of di-2-pyridyl ketone on electron impact involves elimination of neutral CO from the molecular ion and rearrangement to the 2,2′-l>ipyridyl molecular ion in addition to rupture of the central bonds to form C5H4N+ and C6H4NO+ ions.


Chapter 2 examines La Meri's controversial legacy in American concert dance. An Anglo-American dance artist who specialized in Asian and Latin American dance practices, La Meri fashioned herself as a dance polyglot, having studied with instructors at stops along the way of her worldwide performance tours in the 1920s and 1930s. When World War II commenced in Europe, La Meri settled in New York City in 1940 and established herself as one of the world's foremost ethnologic performers. This chapter investigates debates that surrounded La Meri in the 1940s to illuminate the tensions that developed between so-called ethnic dance and modern dance, on the one hand, and cultural formations of whiteness, on the other.


A program has recently been completed to evaluate the potential use of a specially developed low-loss glass as the primary insulation in an underground transmission cable system.


Recently NTU built up a new fibre fabrication system, benefit from which we will have the capability to fabricate most of our designed specialty fibresIn this talk, we will introduce the recent progresses in the area of specialty fibre design and application achieved in our group.


Dampness and microbial growth in buildings are associated with respiratory symptoms in the occupants, but details of the phenomenon are not sufficiently understood. The current study examined the effects of growth conditions provided by six plasterboards on cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of the spores of Streptomyces californicus, Penicillium spinulosum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Stachybotrys chartarum. The microbes were isolated from mold problem buildings and thereafter grown on six different plasterboards. The spores were harvested, applied to RAW264.7 macrophages (104, 105, 106 spores/106


A partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of one or more positive integers. Two sums which only differ in the order of their summands are considered to be the same partition. A summand in a partition is also called a part.The number of partitions of n into exactly r parts is denoted by P_r(n).In this paper,the authors study partitions of n into exactly 6 parts,and obtain a counting formula for P_6 (n).


Eliciting priors from expert opinion enjoys more eciency and re- liability by avoiding the statistician's potential subjectivity. Since elicitation on the predictive prior probability space requires too-simple priors and may be bur- dened with additional uncertainties arising from the response model, quantitative elicitation of exible priors on the direct prior probability space deserves much attention. Motivated by precisely acquiring the shape information for the gen- eral location-scale-shape family beyond the limited and simple location-scale fam- ily, we investigate multiple numerical procedures for a broad class of priors, as well as interactive graphical protocols for more complicated priors. We highlight the quantile based approaches from several aspects, where Taylor's expansion is demonstrated to be an ecien t approximate alternative to work on the regions in which the shape parameter is highly sensitive. By observing inherent associa- tions between the scale and shape parameters, we put more weight on practical solutions under a proper sensitivity index (SI) rather than presumability. Our proposed methodology is demonstrated through skew-normal and Gamma hyper- parameter elicitation where the shape parameter is numerically solved in a stable way. The performance comparisons among dieren t elicitation approaches are also provided.


The human IgA Fc receptor (FcαR, CD89) plays an important role in host defence against invading pathogens. To study the properties of the receptor, 12 MoAbs, namely, MIP7c, MIP8a, MIP9a, MIP10c, MIP11c, MIP14b, MIP15b, MIP38c, MIP59c, MIP65c, MIP68b and MIP71a, were generated. The inhibitory effects of the antibodies on FcαR functions were tested. Three of the antibodies, MIP7c, MIP8a and MIP59c, were able to block up to 90% of soluble FcαR binding to IgA‐coated beads and 70–80% of neutrophil phagocytosis of IgA immune complexes (IC). MIP8a could also inhibit IgA IC‐induced neutrophil lactoferrin release, while cross‐linking of FcαR with MIP8a and anti‐mouse IgG could elicit neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, IgA IC‐induced lactoferrin release required both extracellular calcium and magnesium, whereas MIP8a‐induced release did not require extracellular magnesium and only partially required extracellular calcium. In addition, the time course of IgA IC‐induced lactoferrin release was slow. Lactoferrin was not detectable if the incubation time was less than 0·5 h. In contrast, MIP8a‐induced lactoferrin release was fast. Lactoferrin could be detected within 5 min of incubation. Therefore, neutrophil lactoferrin release induced by IgA IC differed from that induced by cross‐linking of FcαR with MIP8a.


By estimating blank size rationally and accurately,the stamping quality,the productivity and material utiliza1tion can be improved.Expanding and nesting design flow of blank based on FEM has been presented.Some part case has verified that the method is efficient with high precision and low time.


A practical synthesis of the anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus cephem (6R-trans)-E-7-[[[[2,5-dichloro-4-[3-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenyl]-thio]-acetyl]amino]-4-[[(2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl]thio]-2,6-dimethyl-1-[3-(4-methylmorpholino-4-yl)propyl]-1-pyridinium, hydroxide, inner salt (BMS-247243) was developed. A process was developed for the interchange of the iodide counterion in 3a to chloride 3b that was essential for an efficient synthesis of the C-3 side chain 4-mercaptopyridone 6b. Use of catalytic Bu4NCl in the reaction of chlorocinnamide 14 with the Li-salt of methylthioglycolate formed the methyl ester of the C-7 side chain 12b in high yield. Reaction with the dianion of thioglycolic acid gave an increased level of the corresponding Michael addition byproduct that led to lower quality thermodynamic product 12b by the reverse reaction. Cephem nucleus 16 was acylated with the acid chloride of acid 12b in a biphasic system to circum...


The invention discloses a cell co-culture model which comprises a matrix, wherein a fiber culture is constructed in the matrix, two ends of the fiber culture extend out of the outer wall of the matrix, and the fiber culture is made of a gel material; two or more channels for cell co-culturing are arranged in the fiber culture, and are independent from each other, and each channel is provided with an inlet and an outlet which are positioned in two ends of the fiber culture; the gel material is a crosslinked product of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the model. The cell co-culture model can establish two and more than two cell non-contact type co-culture systems, the true growth status of cells in the body can be simulated to the greatest extent, the dynamic co-culture of the cells can be realized, and the observation and subsequent detection and analysis are facilitated. In addition, the preparation method of the cell co-culture model is simple to operate, and high in production efficiency by utilizing an island-shaped spray head-based printing device.


The logic of a story resembles the logic of games, a logic of tension between what is known and not known, between rules and chance, between the inevitable and the unforeseeable. We never really know what will emerge from the confrontation, what elements may yet enter into it, and how it will end; it is never clear what potential qualities it will arouse in a protagonist and what action he will be led to perform by the action of his antagonist. For this reason alone, mystery is a dimension of every story. What speaks to us through a story is not a particular agent of truth; instead, the story manifests the human world to us as an exhilarating arena where many such agents come into contact with each other. -Vaclav Havel1INTRODUCTIONConflicting global narratives on good or right living, based on conflicting truth-claims, can and often do lead to violence. We need not look far to find examples in contemporary religious, ethnic, or ideological conflicts that confirm this. Yet, one of the central elements in the practice of nonviolence is that of satya, a Sanskrit term best translated as "truth." In this article I will address this paradox by arguing that satya points to a very specific conception of truth, which I will explore by examining satya in the lives and work of both Mohandas Gandhi and Vaclav Havel. I use the term nonviolence here not only to point to the absence of violence in solving problems, but as a coherent set of ideas and practices that provide a framework for understanding (social) reality.The roots of contemporary nonviolence lie, to an important extent, in the work of Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi construed nonviolence, an ancient religious and philosophical concept, into a new systematic and pro-active way that made it applicable in contemporary society. He used it as a guiding principle in his own life and as a method for waging struggle against injustice and oppression. Since Gandhi, nonviolence has been a method of addressing conflicts and injustices for both large social movements, as well as for private people in interpersonal conflicts. An example of this latter case is the method of Nonviolent Communication, devised by Marshall Rosenberg.2 Prominent examples of nonviolent social movements are the civil rights movement in the USA, the overthrow of president Marcos in the Philippines of the 1980s and the movement of Charter 77 in thenCzechoslovakia, of which Vaclav Havel was a distinguished member. Each translates Gandhi's concepts to their own circumstances, expanding and amending different aspects. This has led to the emergence of a nonviolence paradigm3 in which five basic elements appear: satya or "truth," ahimsa or "the intention not to harm," tapasya or "self-suffering," sarvodaya or "the welfare of all," and swadeshi/swaraj or "authenticity and relational autonomy." Each of these elements is a complex and layered notion and each is equally important in a process of nonviolence. I will focus in this paper specifically on the element satya, or truth. I denote these concepts here with the Sanskrit terms originating in the work of Gandhi, because I believe these terms are able to adequately capture this complexity. I pose that satya as a central element is present in each nonviolent process. This does, however, not necessarily mean that the term satya itself is used in all circumstances. Even so, it is my claim that although in different contexts different terms are used, they point to what in a general sense can be called satya. To clarify this concept and its role in nonviolence I will start by explaining the origin of the term in the work of Gandhi and go on to compare this with the work of Vaclav Havel and his intellectual mentor Jan Patocka who both focus overtly on the importance of "living in truth."GANDHI'S TRUTHSatya derives from the Sanskrit root sat meaning "to be." It refers both to truth in the sense of truthfulness or honesty, and to truth as "that which exists," or reality. …


This study aims to find out the extent of the acceptability of the poetry translation in the novel. One research question is formulated: To what extent is the poetry translations in The Trials of Apollo: The Hidden Oracle acceptable based on Larsons criteria of an acceptable translation. Qualitative research by using the text analysis was conducted. The data of this research were taken from both the English and Indonesian version of The Trials of Apollo: The Hidden Oracle novel. In order to answer the research question, the researchers compared the translation between the English and Indonesian poetry using the theory of acceptability by Larson. The results show that there are 36 poetry translations which are categorized as acceptable and three poetry translation which are unacceptable. The 36 poetry translations incorporate at least two out of the three poetry translations acceptability criteria, while the three poetry only fulfil one poetry translation acceptability criterion.DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.2019.030107


Our videos will demonstrate some application and removal techniques for our First Contact Polymers. If you have questions specific to your application please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call us at 608-467-5396. Visit our website at www.photoniccleaning.com


Based on the recent development of economic growth theories,this paper panoramically analyzes the factors influencing the tourism economic growth of China and their contribution respectively by using historical panel data of 31 provinces(Municipalities or Autonomous Regions) in mainland China.The findings are as follows: the Chinese tourism economic growth seems to be the typical factors-driven model which is mainly driven by inputs,especially capital investment.Price,environmental quality as well as technical progress have a positive relationship with tourism economic growth.The relationship between institution quality and tourism economic growth is not significant due to the government-oriented tourism development model.Accessibility is an unpredictable factor which depends on the specific situation of destinations.Long run tourism development would reduce the demand for human capital and education investment.Meanwhile,inflation would also bring negative impacts on manufacturing industry.Therefore,tourism boom is a double-edged sword.The long boom of tourism would face a"resources curse" which may fail to deal with the balance among tourism,manufacturing industry as well as education.


The adsorption behavior of thiocyanate(SCN-) on the Pt electrode in the room-temperature ionic liquids of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolim tetrafluoroborate(BF4) was investigated by electrochemical in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS).The results revealed that SCN-adsorbed onto Pt surface in a wide potential region,and the adsorption behavior of SCN-changed with the variation of the potential.Different Stark effects were observed in different potential regions,i.e.the S—Pt bonding exhibited the Stark shift of 34 cm-1/V over the range from-0.9 V to 0.4V,and Stark shift of 40 cm-1/V over the range from-1.6 V to-1.2 V for the N—Pt interaction.There is a transition region for the S- or N-adsorption between-0.9 V and-1.1 V.The change in the Stark effect in the different potential regions suggests that the potential of zero charge(p-zc) of the BF4-Pt system is around-1.1 V(vs.Pt).


Process for the preparation of a masterbatch for injection molding or extrusion, consisting of inorganic powders associated with a polymeric binder, comprising the following stages: - the constituent particles of the inorganic powders are subjected to a granulation step prior to its mixed with the polymeric binder; - mixing between after granulation and the polymeric binder particles is carried out during a new granulation step, wherein powder is added to the mixture during the new granulation step.


The problem of enumeration of m-antichains of k-bounded multisets on an n-set is considered. A formula for calculating the cardinality of the corresponding family in terms of the graph theory was obtained. A more general case of multiantichains is also considered. As an illustration the corresponding explicit formulas are given for the case when 1• m• 4, k' 1 and n' 0.


The semi-arid interior dryland region in south-central Chile is characterized by shrink-swell granitic soils and a semi-arid Mediterranean climate, which together cause scarce dry-season surface water supplies. Historically, the lack of easily accessible water has limited the region's economic development. In most of the region's rural communities, the only local water supplies for drinking and small-scale irrigation are shallow, hand-dug wells. The objectives of this study, conducted in the San Jose catchment in the Biobio Region (36°24' S, 72°30' W), were to demonstrate the usefulness of a simple aquifer characterization methodology to assess the likelihood of additional extraction of groundwater in this area with existing wells, estimate potential increases in productivity through increases in well depth, and present the spatial distribution of aquifer properties in this area. Hydraulic conductivity values (Ks) were measured from analyses of recovery rates of hand-dug wells. Values of Ks ranged between 0.04 and 5.1 m d-1 (mean = 1.07 m d-1; standard deviation = 1.36 m d-1), which resulted in a low yield from the shallow wells. These Ks values were used to estimate the potential groundwater yield which could be extracted from hand-dug wells in the region in their current condition with increased pumping and, where feasible, if wells were deepened by 0.5 m. Results suggested that existing wells could produce up to 0.008 m yr-1 and up to 0.02 m yr-1 by deepening them. Since current water usage has been estimated as 0.002 m yr-1, these results suggest that additional groundwater supplies could be exploited.


EDITOR—Bennett-Jones suggests that doctors take a pragmatic and prompt approach to intravenous fluid replacement, based on the patient's blood pressure, capillary refill time, and venous filling.1 Assessment of fluid status needs to be much broader and incorporate a full history of any fluid gains …


Contentious events often come in waves, but they are seldom homogeneous. A series of contentious events over the past two years were the result of the global financial crisis that began in the United States in 2008 and ultimately diffused around the world. But it was in Greece and the European Union that the crisis hit hardest. There, conventional protest, violence, and political contention combined. The Greek/Euro crisis has three lessons to teach us about the current themes in social movement research. The first lesson has to do with the nature of the capitalist crisis that triggered these events. The second lesson is that there are limits to globalization and internationalization. The third lesson is that while the financial crisis sparked a great deal of contention, it was differently affected by the political opportunity structure of each country. This article investigates three meanings of the term "social movement society" that became popular in the North in the 1990s: global movements; contained movements; and warring movements. It closes with some speculations about the relationship between the movements of recent years and protest policing and the increasing danger of suppression of all movements as the result of the fear of terrorism.


The Elat Deep is a large pull-apart basin, about 50 km long, within the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba). Its southern end displays many details of the way in which a pull-apart basin is terminated at one of its ends. A marine geophysical study has revealed that the southern edge of the basin consists of a complicated deformed zone which contains several distinct active faults, and faults which were recently active. They strike at a large oblique angle to the long dimension of the Elat Deep. Most of the faults display dipslip offsets, although a lateral slip component may also be present on some faults.


The product from free radical and coordination polymerization generally are homopolymer or random copolymer with broad molecular weight distribution.In the past two decades,the breakthroughs in controlled/living radical and coordination polymerization and shuttling polymerization make it possible to use almost all vinyl monomers,particularly those cheap monomers,to produce more complex chain structures like di-,tri-block copolymer and gradient copolymers.With rational design,these copolymers might be high performance and high added value synthetic materials.The mechanisms and the up-to-date progress of these polymerization methods were introduced,and their possible applications were discussed.


Sub-wavelength, metallic circular aperture arrays were studied in the near-field at terahertz frequencies, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Two different periodicities were investigated and array subsections were imaged in both the time- and frequency-domain.


For the realization of an automated material heap excavation system in a recycling plant, an algorithm for its planning process is proposed. The approach uses depth and color data from a 3D stereo camera. Based on the obtained information, the material heap is recognized and segmented. The resulting segments are evaluated according to a reward function for optimality in terms of efficiency, safety and practicability for excavation. While this approach is developed for recycling plants in particular, other applications can be expected.


The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the quality of the sports facilities and equipment of High Schools, according with current regulations. This is a quantitative research methodology, with descriptive character, using several check lists designed explicitly for this investigation. The sample consists of 21 High Schools. The results obtained, show us that 90.48% of High Schools have «open spaces» for the practice of physical activity, but only 61.90% of them have open spaces according with the regulations N.I.D.E. (Legislation about Sport Facilities and Recreation). In terms of «covered spaces», there is a 85,71% of High Schools that include these spaces to carry out the Physical Education classes, although the existing covered area does not comply the regulations currently in force in the 76.19% of the cases. This study shows that high school sports facilities, have serious shortcomings, especially m2 available in sporting and complementary, so it would be very positive that the current regulations (N.I.D.E.) are granted a prescriptive character, so that would be mandatory for High Schools, and able to sue a better endowment to the corresponding educational Administration.


The implementation of the mantissa portion of a floating-point multiply macro using limited switch dynamic logic (LSDL) in a 90nm SOI technology is presented. This test chip is developed in the context of a larger research effort to develop methods for continued frequency scaling in light of decreasing speed improvements from process technology and the emergence of power-limited frequency. The test chip demonstrates that a high-frequency chip can also be power efficient. In LSDL [1], dynamic logic is merged into the input of every latch. LSDL allows most of the speed advantages of dynamic logic to be preserved while eliminating most of the traditional dynamic-power penalty. Figure 20.1.1 shows an LSDL circuit compared to a domino-circuit. Both circuits implement a 3-input OR. When the inputs to the two gates remain constant the domino circuit output switches multiple times. In the LSDL circuit, the internal node switches, but the output does not. Also, since every dynamic circuit is part of a latch, static circuits can be used between any two LSDL circuits. This eliminates the need for dual-rail signaling. In order to control power and increase speed, area must be minimized. Since modern technologies have wire-dominated delays, reducing wire length by reducing design size is critical. The LSDL latch structure contributes to area reduction in a number of ways. First, all computation is done in the nFET pulldown tree of the latch. This eliminates computational pFETs from the design and reduces the total computational device width by more than half compared to a static design. These nFET computation trees are then isolated from wire load by the two stages of gain that are included in the latch. This allows these computational trees to be near minimum size most of the time. Finally, devices


Policies and programmes involving youth participation in social, political and economic development are actively being developed and widely promoted. This paper reports on a survey conducted in Malaysia, with the aim to identify the status of youth participation and media usage in the country, and reveal the existing participation norms of the youth in the communities. It was revealed that the majority of the youth use mobile phones with WiFi/Internet access. A significant number of them turn to social media to get the latest news. Seven major social media tools used by the youth are WhatsApp, Facebook, Google+, WeChat, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter. The result also shows that the youth are not actively involved in social, political and economic activities, suggesting that programmes and tools should be planned if youth level of participation is to be increased.


During the 1990s, the growth rate of medical care expenditure has exceeded the economic growth rate. The ratio of national medical expenditure to GDP has increased from 4.7 percent in 1990 to 5.7 percent in 1997. The expanding payments to medical institutions caused financial troubles to the public insurance groups and the national and local governments, who subsidize the health insurance system. Responding to this situation, the policymaker has recently made several reforms that raise out-of-pocket expenses of medical care; for example, the coinsurance rate of employees was raised from 10 percent to 20 percent in September 1997, and the deductible paid by the elderly has been successively increased during the last decade. How the medical care expenditure responds to such policy changes is an important policy debate. In assessing the behavioral response, researchers has faced a difficulty caused by the fact that Japan has achieved the universal health insurance since 1961. Since every Japanese citizen is covered by one of public health insurance systems, it is difficult to get sufficient variation in medical prices to estimate the response of expenditure accurately. A social experiment like Newhouse and the Insurance Experiment Group (1993), is practically


The non-detection of neutrinos from the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A at the IceCube neutrino observatory allows us to put constraints on GRB model parameters like the dissipation radius, the Lorentz factor, and the cosmic-ray loading factor. We model the neutrino spectra and discuss the resulting limits on allowed parameter spaces. We find that our results are strong enough to constrain proton acceleration near the photosphere. Our new limit from a single source, is comparable and hence complimentary to the IceCube stacking limit. We also discuss the prospects for quasi-thermal neutrinos from the subphotosphere region in the context of neutron decoupling and colliding neutron-loaded flows, where we find that the latter might lead to a few events at IceCube with dedicated searches. Such observations at next generation neutrino detectors like IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT are crucial and would provide important constraints and insights into understanding subphotospheric emissions from GRBs.


Background:We report a prospective, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efcacy of converting patients with stable renal function from Tacrolimus (Tac)-based regimen to a Sirolimus (SRL)-based regimen after kidney transplantation.Methods:Fifty eight low risk renal allograft recipients who were eligible to the study, 6 months posttransplant and receiving Tac, were randomly assigned to continue Tac (n=29) or convert to SRL (n=29). We evaluated the 3-year outcomes including patient and graft survival, graft function and safety profle.Results:3-year patient and graft survival in SRL and Tac groups was 93.1% vs. 100% (P=0.04), and 89.7% vs. 100% (P=0.04), respectively. However, the SRL group had signifcantly better renal function, from the second year post-transplant until the last follow-up. Four (13.8%) patients in the SRL group and 3 (10.3%) in the Tac group (P=0.5) developed biopsy proven acute rejection. Mean urinary protein excretion increased signifcantly after SRL conversion. Diastolic blood pressure was signifcantly lower in patients who eliminated tacrolimus (80.4 vs. 75.6 mmHg) (P = 0.03). Mean hemoglobin concentrations decreased after SRL conversion and remained signifcantly lower from 12 months to 36 months (P=0.01). The mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased signifcantly in the SRL group, (P < 0.05).Conclusions:our experience demonstrates that conversion to sirolimus from calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based therapy may result in better renal function and blood pressure control in renal transplant recipients without an increased risk of acute rejection. However, these benefts have not resulted in a growing advantage in graft or patient survival.


Tools for design and operation of power plants underwent considerable improvements over the past. This is on the one hand a result of the development of powerful computers and related finite-element codes, but on the other hand also a result of significant improvements in materials mechanics and understanding of materials properties. Making such improvements available for implementation into design codes needs often extended R&D projects which happen more and more on an international level. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for advanced nuclear plants can be considered as a very good example in this respect. Although this has been recognized by different stakeholders involved in design and operation of nuclear plants, substantial international interaction and collaboration is still not in place. Implementation of international research projects could help to establish a sound scientific basis for materials properties and materials degradation necessary to meet the challenges of current and future nuclear plants. It is the aim of this paper to highlight topics which could be considered for international collaboration of the standards development organizations for the benefit of all participants. The paper discusses possible materials research themes related to future codes which appear to be appropriate for international collaboration.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this letter. Letters to the Editor are reviewed and selected for publication based on the relevance, importance, appropriateness, and timeliness of the topic. Please see the instructions to authors in the Journal or at www.jospt.org for further information, including submission guidelines. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):426427. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.0203


In this paper,Zigui County,which is in the Three- Gorge area,is taken as the study area. 2m panchromatic domestic remote sensing image is used to extract geological disaster area information,and HJ- 1A / B CCD data is chosen to extract mobile disaster- causing elements including NDVI,Land use and soil moisture,and then defined static disaster- causing elements,such as slope,aspect,yearly average rainfall,and gully density,are combined to make regional geological disaster evaluation based on information amount model. This study is a valuable demonstration of using domestic remote sensing data on geological disaster information extraction and regional evaluation.


Irradiation of both 1,1-diphenyl-2-bromopropene(1a) and -ethylene (1b) in methanol in the presence of copper(II) salt resulted in the great increase of the yield of ionic products when compared to that without the salt. This suggests that cupric salt reacts with the vinyl radical, which is escaped from the solvent cage, to give ionic species via vinylcopper intermediate (8).


For carrier-assisted PDM-CO-OFDM systems, we propose and demonstrate a practical carrier recovery method applying a very-simple moving average filter (MAF). Besides simplicity, we confirm its excellent performance from the results of a 16-QAM, 40-Gbps OFDM transmission experiment.


We show that both separable preduals of $L_{1}$ and non-type I $C^*$-algebras are strictly extremal with respect to the minimal displacement of $k$-Lipschitz mappings acting on the unit ball of a Banach space. In particular, every separable $C(K)$ space is strictly extremal.


Inspired by partial differential equation models of homogeneous convection possessing heteroclinic connections to infinity, we study a two dimensional system of ordinary differential equations whose solutions diverge exponentially for almost all initial conditions. Random perturbations of the dynamical system destabilize the divergences resulting in stochastic oscillations. Stochastic Lyapunov function methods are used to prove the existence of a statistically stationary state. A novel Monte-Carlo method is implemented to measure the extreme statistics associated with the stochastic oscillations, and a WKB analysis at low noise amplitude is carried out to corroborate the simulations.


A review of the geochronological and stratigraphic data of the Indian Precambrian in relation to the major uranium mineralised belts in India brings out the time as we11 as space-bound character of the uranium mineralisation. An early period of quartz-pebble conglomerate type mineralisation met with in parts of South Karnataka, Eastern India and parts of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan falls in the timeband of 2900-2600 milion years. The hydrothermal shear-controlled mineralisation occurring along the Singhbhum shear zone of Bihar and in the shears dissecting the Dongargarh system of Madhya Pradesh have a time-range of 1400-1600 million years. The next inferred period is between 1200 and 700 million years and includes the mineralisation episodes in the granulite mobile belt of the Southern Peninsular Shield, the Sarguja-Palamau area of the Chotanagpur migmatite-granulite belt and the Sikar-Dariba-Mahendragarh region in Rajasthan. Uranium mineralisation along the MCT region of Himalaya is of two periods, an early shear controlled disseminated mineralisation in the time range of 1200-1400 million years and a subsequent vein-type around 750 million years. The distribution of geochemically enriched zones with special reference to uranium in space is controlled by many geological and regional factors arising from the styles or evolution of the Precambrian crust. These include-(i) The restriction of quartz-pebble conglomerates to the late Archaean crust and specific sedimentary environments of fluvial regimes, (ii) The paucity of uranium in the tonalite crust and its enrichment in K-rich granitoids wit11 higher Rb, (iii) depletion of uraniumin the granub ite crust and enrichment ia lower grade metamorphic belts and (iv) remobilisation and localisation of uranium deposits in major zones of crustal dislocation, especially along cratonic boundaries with mobile belts and within mobile belts. Recognition of these criteria helps in understanding the distribution of known belts of U enrichment and choosing areas for further exploration. A comparison of the periods of uranium mineralisation with the suggested chelogenic cycles brings out a broad correlation, but such a relationship may prove to be rather limited when new discoveries of uranium are made especially of low grade ores, since chelogenic events are episodic, while crustal processes are continuous.


ABSTRACT T-22 alloy is applied to the steam generator of the high-Temperature Reactor–Pebblebed Modules (HTR-PM). In this study, a corrosion experiment of T-22 alloy was carried out for 50 h under the environment of air, vacuum, and impure helium at ultra-high temperature (950°C). After the experiment, the corrosion behaviors of T-22 alloy were characterized and analyzed by electronic balance, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), carbon sulfur analyzer, and gas chromatography. The results show that the T-22 alloy was seriously corroded and destroyed under the air ingress accident; in the vacuum environment, the alloy appeared mass loss and slight decarburization; in the impure helium environment, the microclimate reaction would occur on the surface of T-22 alloy, and the oxide on the surface of the alloy would be destroyed and the alloy decarburized obviously; CO2 in the ppm range will accelerate the oxidation and decarburization of the alloy.


In contrast to Dr. Butterworth's recent useful contribution, Clinical Genodermatology , yet related to it, this tiny tome is not so much a book as a long list, bound in the manner of a book. A "manual" it is, in that it may be rather easily hidden in the palm of an acromegalic hand. Its paper quality is not outstanding; its "quasileatherette" cover tends to remain rolled and not lie flat; it suggests that it might like to be carried in a pocket, rather than sit on a shelf were it disturbs the customary array by its smallness, yet there would seem to be too few realistic occasions for its use to justify a permanent place in one's coat pocket; it has no charts, diagrams, photographs, or typographical complexity—one must indeed wonder why the publishers ask $3.50 for it. Perhaps the contents justify it? But no, one finds only the most


A two-dimensional, two-phase flow, transient, and non-isothermal model is developed to study the transient characteristics in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell. The transient response of liquid water, gas species, temperature, and current density was investigated. Simulation results indicate that the transient response mechanisms of liquid water saturation, temperature, current density, and gas mass fraction are different. The response time of liquid water from transient to steady state is longer than that of temperature, current density, and gas mass fraction. The gradient of liquid water saturation in porous medium is larger than that in the flow channel. The gradient of liquid water saturation near the inlet section of gas flow channel is less than that near the outlet section of gas flow channel. In the electrolyzer cell mode, the cell temperature is decreased and the lowest temperature always appears in the anode catalyst layer. The temperature difference of the entire cell is less than 3 K.


The effects of steam pelleting or extrusion of a commercial feed on performance of 2 g (small) and 40 g (large) gilthead sea bream was studied. In addition the apparent digestibility of diets, gastric evacuation time (GET) and trypsin and amylase activities were measured in large fish. Fish size significantly increased protein and energy productive value, body protein and lipid, liver glycogen and liver lipid, however decreased daily growth index, feed intake and feed utilization, body moisture and hepatosomatic index. Extrusion processing decreased feed intake, more strongly for small fish, and increased daily growth index, feed utilization, protein and energy productive value, body protein and lipid. Digestibility of starch and energy increased with extrusion and GET of extruded feed was double that of steam-pelleted conditioned feed (i.e. 544 min versus 284 min). Digestive enzyme activities approached maximum values after 240 min for the pelleted diet, while those of the extruded continued to increase, at higher rates for amylase than trypsin. Pelleted diet indicated higher moisture for stomach digesta, while the moisture of the intestinal precipitate indicated a higher water-binding capacity for the extruded diet. The overall results indicate a better assimilation of the extruded diet, which could result from its prolonged gastric evacuation.


The idea of religious fetish, which emerged from the Afro-European encounter over four centuries ago, has a rich history, from its usage by travelers and merchants; through its appropriation by Illuminist thinkers; its radicalization and popularization during the Positivist and Evolutionist periods of western philosophy; until it rapidly declined after it was criticized and pronounced inadequate by modernist anthropology. The aim of this article is to examine the path this concept described. Not from a disinterested perspective, but within the current context of reevaluation of the fetish as a heuristic category, which suggests a parallel reevaluation of the history of the concept.