Objective: To compare BBB scores and the pathological characters between two different kind of models of spinal transsection, and develop a standardized rat model of spinal transsection. Methods: A total of 60 SD rats were divided equally into A (laminectomy, n=12), B (transaction and PBS injection, n=24) and C groups (transaction and PBS injection using standard micromanipulation, n=24). Each group was subdivided into 7, 14 and 28 days subgroups randomly according to operation time. Standard micromanipulation technique was used to establish the transected spinal cord models at the T9 level in C group. A behavioral testing was performed according to BBB scoring at the 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. After sacrificing, a 10mm spinal cord segment containing the injury area was harvested and fixed for all animals. Longitudinal sections were prepared and HE stained. The thickness of the glial scars, the transverse diameter of the spinal cord cavity, and the longitudinal distance of two spinal stumps were measured and analyzed. Results: There were no marked changes of BBB scores and pathology happened for pre and postoperative animals of group A. For group B and C, hind limbs of rats paralyzed and lost function. However, animals of group C recovered motor function gradually 1 to 2 weeks after operation. The detection values in group C were smaller than that in group B significantly (P0.01),and the measured values weren't correlated with BBB scores. Conclusions: To adopting standardized micromanipulation technique, a stable and reproducible transaction spinal injury rat model can be established, which is valuable for reducing the individual differences, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy quantitatively.


In this article we present the results of a web-based testing of 117 German undergraduate students with the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA; Peretz et al. 2003). The MBEA is used to assess congenital amusia, a neuro-developmental disorder present in approximately 4% of the population, according to Kalmus & Fry (1980). Recently, criticism has arisen concerning the usage of the MBEA in relation to the prevalence of congenital amusia in the general population and the statistical evaluation of the results (Henry & McAuley, 2010; 2013, Pfeifer & Hamann 2015). We compare the results of our web-based study to a group of 111 German students that was tested with a computer-implemented MBEA version under laboratory conditions (Pfeifer & Hamann 2015). We found significant differences between the web-based and the laboratory group based on their sum of correct responses. A Signal Detection Theory analysis of the data, which factors out response bias, however, shows that the discriminatory ability of both groups seems to be fairly similar. The results of the current study are used to critically discuss the validity of a web-based MBEA specifically but also web-based testing more generally as a means of diagnosing congenital amusia.


A method for repairing of injection wells comprising setting the wellbore sealing assembly, unpacking packer processing reservoir clay-acid composites and removing the reaction products, characterized in that after introduction into the wellbore clay-acid composites produced was held for at least four hours to undergo reaction, and repairs are not more than two operators with the assistance of cementing unit.


We recently introduced a new image processing procedure " Digital Image Subtraction, Blue Filter, Enhancement (DISBE) " enhancing visual perception of immunostaining. This procedure has a performance rating similar to both human assessment and bright field imaging in quantitative immunohistochemistry. Our approach is based on image subtraction, using blue filtered images of DAB/hematoxylin"stained slides. Here, we present a detailed description of this technique including a tutorial and original data on pixel sampling, camera dark noise and performance of dichroic filters.


Objective:To investigate the high-risk factors,clinical characteristics and preventing methods of newborn pneumothorax.Methods:The data were analyzed that 26 cases of newborn pneumothorax admitted in our hospital from Jan.2003 to Apr.2011.Results:26 cases were secondary pneumothorax,in which 13 cases were inhalant pneumonia(50.0%),11 cases were respiratory distress syndrome(42.3%),11 cases were respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia(7.7%).14 cases were asphyxia when born(53.8%),6 examples cases used breathing lug in cardiopneumonopexy(23.1%).17 cases once with machanical ventilation(65.4%),7 cases used the lung surface-active substance(26.9%).Two-sided pneumothorax 3 cases(11.5%),single side pneumothorax 23 cases(88.5%).The compression area,30% 15 cases(57.7%),≤30% 11 cases(42.3%).23 cases were cure(88.5%),1 case death because of giving up treatment,2 cases discharged from hospital automatically.Conclusion:The newborn pneumothorax often occurs in the infants with original lung disease,the iatrogenic pneumothorax is not rare because of machanical ventilation.So enhancing the understanding of newborn pneumothorax,using the respiratory machine and breathing lug correctly,may reduce the occurrence of pneumothorax.


In the article considers question about the origins and factors of formation of the metaphorical problematics in the analytical philosophy. I don't agree that the problem of the analysis of metaphors originated in the pre-war period of analytical philosophy. This view, for example, can be detect (found) in the article Nikonenko (see his article «Analytical interpretation of metaphor»). I think, that researchers, who take this point of view, do not distinguish between the problem of meaningless expressions and, something similar to it, problems of metaphorical using of language. Since the problem of meaningless expressions really originated in the prewar period of analytical philosophy, it might seem that the problem of metaphor originated in the pre-war period too. But it's not true. The problem of metaphor is a completely special research topic. Metaphors cannot be reduced to a meaningless expressions and, so, the problem of metaphorical using of language cannot be reduced to a problem of the meaningless expressions. Metaphor is specifically linguistic phenomenon. its specificity in the fact that metaphors have two structural elements literal and, conditionally, non-literal (for example, implied). We can call them, for example «literal meaning» and «implied sense», "tenor" and "vehicle, «metaphor's focus» and «frame», etc. It is believed, that metaphors do not refer to non-linguistic objects and, thus, they are kind of empty names. But why they often are used in naming of phenomena (objects) that have not yet designations in language? Why are metaphors used in science and philosophy, including in analytical philosophy? For example, we can remember metaphors in the theory of Russell «logical atom», «molecular sentence». Vitgensteins metaphors : «the logical picture of the world», «the world of facts», «language as border of thinking» and so on. Marguerite La Caze in her «The Analytic Imaginary» also writes about metaphors, that used in analytical philosophy. Can we then say that metaphors are kind of empty names, which, moreover, must be eliminated from strictly language? This position is dangerous to themselves analytical theories for example, the conception of the logical athomism. It turns out that it consists of empty names? What to do in this case Russell or Vitgenstein? I think, analytics should to consider metaphors more carefully and deeply and we must understand, that metaphors have many different and useful for science functions. However, this happened in the postwar period in the genesis of analytic philosophy.


The present invention relates to control of auxiliary power unit (APU), and is especially control method of auxiliary power unit in serially connected mixed power electromobile. The control method is to select the running mode of mixed power electromobile, pure electrically driving mode or mixed driving mode, based on the residual electricity quantity of the power battery. In mixed driving mode, the engine is started and stopped automatically and the cold engine is idly warmed up. During charging, the APU runs in the most economical region and the APU system parameters are monitored and displayed in the vehicular information system. The control method of the present invention can raise the efficiency of the whole power system, raise the economical efficiency of fuel oil, optimize the engine exhaust and increase the service life of the power batter and vehicle running mileage obviously.


The present study was designed to explore the contribution of various factors in personality development of criminals in North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. A sample of 100 male subjects, 50 criminals and 50 non-criminals was taken from low socioeconomic group. of ages 18 to 60 years having the same other demographic characteristics. Two self-report questionnaires, the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires (P ARQ: Haque, 1981; Riaz, 1993) and Personality Assessment Questionnaires, (PAQ: Riaz, 1993, 1994) were administered to show that, parental illiteracy, neglect of children, low socioeconomic status, conflicts between parents and children, and bad influence of mass media may lead to criminal behaviour. Criminals scored high on aggression, hostility, neglect, indifference, and rejection on the PARQ, whereas, non-criminals scored high on warmth and affiliation. Indicating significant differences among criminals and non-criminals. The results on the PAQ demonstrate that criminals are more hostile, dependent, have negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotionally unresponsive and unstable, and have negative world view. The non-criminals enjoy good, warm, and happy relation with other people and have a high concern for social approval.


The GABA A receptor α subunit β1 strand runs anti-parallel to the  2 strand, which contains loop D, known to participate in receptor activation and agonist binding. However, a role for the β1 strand has yet to be established. We used molecular dynamics simulation to quantify the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of β1 strand residues in the GABA A β3 homopentamer structure. Residues in the complementary interface equivalent to those between Asp43 and Thr47 in the  1 subunit have an alternating pattern of high and low SASA consistent with a β strand structure. We investigated the functional role of these β1 strand residues in the α1 subunit by individually replacing them with Cys residues. D43C and T47C substitutions reduced the apparent potency of GABA at α1β2γ2 receptors by around 50-fold and 8-fold, respectively, whereas the F45C substitution caused a biphasic GABA concentration-response relationship and increased spontaneous gating. Receptors with D43C or T47C substitutions were sensitive to MTSEA modification. However, GABA-evoked currents mediated by α1(F45C)β2γ2 receptors were unaffected by MTSEA, suggesting that this residue is inaccessible. Both GABA and the allosteric agonist propofol reduced MTSEA modification of α1(D43C)β2γ2 and α1(T47C)β2γ2 receptors indicating movement of the β1 strand even during allosteric activation. This is in contrast to α1(F64C)β2γ2 receptors where only GABA, but not propofol reduced MTSEA modification. These findings provide the first functional evidence for movement of the β1 strand during gating of the receptor and identify residues that are critical for maintaining GABA A receptor function. Substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) The cysteine sulfhydryl-specific modifying effect of a methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagent was determined using (MTSEA) phenylmethanethiosulfonate (PhMTS; Unless otherwise indicated, HEK-293 cells transfected with WT or Cys-substituted subunits were exposed repeatedly to an EC 50 concentration of GABA to evoke stable baseline currents (I control ). Freshly diluted MTSEA (up to 10 mM) was then applied episodically to cells prior to their GABA EC 50 exposure. Altered current amplitudes following MTSEA exposure reveals accessibility to sulfhyrdryl modification (I modified ). The extent of modification was measured as a percentage change: Cells were subsequently exposed to the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT; 10 mM) to reverse modification by MTSEA. thermostat , 2007) and the Parrinello-Rahman barostat 1981) with coupling constants of 0.5 ps and 2 ps, respectively. Electrostatic interactions were computed using the Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) method with a real space cut-off of 12 Å. Van der Waals (VdW) interactions were calculated using a cut-off of 12 Å. The LINCS algorithm (Hess et al. , 1997) was applied to constrain all bonds. Virtual sites (Feenstra et al. , 1999) were employed for hydrogen atoms permitting us to use a simulation timestep of 5 fs. We simulated two receptor/membrane systems. The total sampling time was 1.64 µs. gating suggests that Phe45 stabilises 5). The presence of GABA significantly reduced the extent of MTSEA modification (*P one-way ANOVA; post A the rate of MTSEA (100 modification of α1(D43C)β2γ2 receptors. MTSEA modification of α1(D43C)β2γ2 receptors. The of MTSEA modification in GABA (300 and propofol (10 µM) was 0.16 ± 0.02 s (n 6), 0.41 ± 0.10 s (n 6) and 0.32 ± 0.054 s (n 7). The presence of GABA significantly increased the τ of MTSEA modification (*P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey's Mean extent of MTSEA modification of α1(D43C)β2γ2 receptors. The extent of MTSEA modification in control, GABA and propofol was 60 ± 2.2% (n 6), 71 3.4% (n 6) and 70 ± 3.2% 7). The presence of GABA and propofol significantly reduced the extent of MTSEA modification (*P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey's comparison). G, Same as A , the rate of MTSEA (100 µM) modification of α1(T47C)β2γ2 receptors. Mean (± S.E.M.) MTSEA modification of α1(T47C)β2γ2 receptors. The of MTSEA modification in control, GABA (30 mM) and propofol (10 µM) was 1.8 ± 0.19 s (n = 8), 3.1 ± 0.59 s (n = 5) and 2.2 ± 0.54 s (n = 6). There was no significant difference in the τ of modification (P = 0.13; one-way ANOVA). I, Mean (± S.E.M.) extent of MTSEA


The virtual microscope system is formulated based on the virtual instrument technology,which composes by virtual microscope software,optical microscope,section scanning and image capture device putting up the computer platform. According to the problems in experimental teaching of morphology at present,the authors have introduced the structural characteristics and values of the virtual microscope system and its application in experimental teaching of morphology.


In the last two lectures we presented an algorithmic proof of the LLL (and in fact Shearer's lemma) when the underlying probability space consists of independent random variables. In this lecture we present an "algorithmic proof" of Shearer's Lemma for a general probability space. We note that the first abstract algorithmic framework for the LLL beyond [Moser and Tardos (2010)] was proposed by [Achlioptas and Iliopoulos (2014)]. Here we follow [Harvey and Vondrak (2015)]. Let Ω be a finite space with probability measure μ, and E1, . . . , En ⊂ Ω events in that probability space with dependency graph G. Similarly to the Moser-Tardos algorithm, we will choose an ω ∈ Ω at random and then repeatedly "resample" in a certain way until we find an ω ∈ ⋂n i=1 E i. To formalize this we define resampling oracles.


Software reuse is only effective if it is easier to locate and appropriately modify a reusable component than to write it from scratch. It is the use of existing software knowledge or artifacts also known as software components to build new software. There are two main problems in software reuse. First, classifying software modules in a component library is a major problem in software reuse. Second, identifying appropriate software components in a library or software component retrieval is an important task in software reuse: after all, components must be found before they can be reused. Many researchers have proposed various techniques to search and retrieve components. Proposed technique helps re-user to identify and retrieve software component. In its first step it matches keywords, their synonyms and their interrelationships. And then makes use of ant colony optimization, a probabilistic approach to generate rule for matching the component against the re-user query.


Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for the semantics and the computation of aggregates in the context of logic programming. In our study, an aggregate can be an arbitrary interpreted second order predicate or function. We define extensions of the Kripke-Kleene, the well-founded and the stable semantics for aggregate programs. The semantics is based on the concept of a three-valued immediate consequence operator of an aggregate program. Such an operator approximates the standard two-valued immediate consequence operator of the program, and induces a unique Kripke-Kleene model, a unique well-founded model and a collection of stable models. We study different ways of defining such operators and thus obtain a framework of semantics, offering different trade-offs between precision and tractability. In particular, we investigate conditions on the operator that guarantee that the computation of the three types of semantics remains on the same level as for logic programs without aggregates. Other results show that, in practice, even efficient three-valued immediate consequence operators which are very low in the precision hierarchy, still provide optimal precision.


Abstract We develop a model of third party guaranteed debt and show that interest rate premiums are multiplicatively related to firm and guarantor risk. We apply the model to thrifts issuing CDs guaranteed by the FSLIC and then estimate firm probabilities of insolvency and guarantor risk across 20 observed months. This time period spans the insolvency of the guarantor followed by two recapitalizations. The relative stability in firm risk across time offers no evidence of generalized risk contagion among firms. We attribute elevated CD premiums and rate spreads to increases in guarantor risk rather than changes in firm risk.


Pera glabrata (Schott) Baill. was selected for this study after showing a preliminary positive result in a screening of Atlantic Forest plant species in the search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antifungal compounds. The bioassays were conducted with crude ethanol extract of the leaves using direct bioautography method for acetylcholinesterase and antifungal activities. This extract was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The active chloroform fraction was submitted to silica gel chromatography column affording 12 groups. Caffeine, an alkaloid, which showed detection limits of 0.1 and 1.0 µg for anticholinesterasic and antifungal activities, respectively, was isolated from group nine. After microplate analyses, only groups four, nine, 10, 11 and 12 showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of 40% or higher. The group 12 was purified by preparative layer chromatography affording four sub-fractions. Two sub-fractions from this group were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The first sub-fraction showed anticholinesterasic activity and contained two major compounds: 9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one (84%) and caffeine (6%). The second sub-fraction presented five major compounds identified as 9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one, isololiolide, (-) loliolide, palmitic acid and lupeol and did not show activity.


The relative energy flux Frel of capillary‐gravity waves on a moving stream is calculated for various wavelengths, as a function of wave amplitude. In some cases, abrupt changes in the sign of Frel are found to occur for a small increase in wave amplitude. The way in which the phenomena might be observed experimentally is indicated.


Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000e111 J Alcohol Drug Depend ISSN: 2329-6488 JALDD, an open access journal Coming out of the "Great Recession," substance abuse treatment services have been experiencing the pangs of the economic downturn. Resources for social programs are inherently scarce. Agencies are being forced to cannibalize each other for the remaining resources. According to Summit, et al. [1], there is a lack of funding and comprehensive health insurance coverage as well as political will to prioritizing the treatment of specific disorders. Political will is a key factor towards reducing stigmas assigned to disenfranchised populations.


Properties of the stretch reflex in children with spastic hemiplegia were observed by measuring torque tension and electromyographic activity during passive stretch at various angles of velocities. Tension‐length and tension‐EMG relationships were determined. In the involved spastic limb with increasing velocities of stretch there was a (1) decreased threshold in the development of tension as a function of length (2) steadily increasing tension (3) rapid decline in tension and electromyographic activity at the end of stretch and (4) marked hysteresis effect in the uninvolved limb. In the uninvolved limb, the tension‐EMG response was not altered by increasing velocities of stretch. The 'H' and tendon jerk reflexes were prominent in the spastic limb. These alterations in the dynamic component of the stretch reflex may be due to changes in the sensitivity of the primary receptors of the muscle spindle.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important research area nowadays. Wireless Sensor Network is deployed in hostile environment consisting of hundreds to thousands of nodes. They can be deployed for various mission-critical applications, such as health care, military monitoring as well as civilian applications. There are various security issues in these networks. One of such issue is outlier detection. In outlier detection, data obtained by some of the nodes whose behavior is different from the data of other nodes are spotted in the group of data. But identification of such nodes is a little difficult. In this paper, machine learning based methods for outlier detection are discussed among which the Bayesian Network looks advantageous over other methods. Bayesian classification algorithm can be used for calculating the conditional dependency of the available nodes in WSN. This method can also calculate the missing data value.


This paper presents a classical approach to controlling the Lorenz equations, a well known chaotic system. It is shown that proportional-plus-integral control using an easily measurable state variable gives both good stability and tracking properties well into the normally chaotic region. Here the input signal to the Lorenz equations is the applied heat via the Rayleigh number. This paper demonstrates that widely used classical control approaches can stabilize a chaotic system and have it track input signals in its usually chaotic regime.


Th e electromagnet ic fi elds in t he sC' mi-infini te magneto-plas ma bounded by t he p erfectly co nductmg p la ne In the p resence of t he infini!e electri c linc curren t of an a rbitrary phase co nstant a re derI ved In 1I1 teg ral form s uSing I<ouri er transform method. The propagation cha ra?terIs tlCs of the possible s urfac.e waves excited a long the con du ctin g plan e in arbitrary dIrectIOns with res pect to t he directIOn of magn etization are discussed in detai l.


Six interspecific somatic hybrid cell lines were derived from a mouse line deficient in hypoxanthine: guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and human diploid cells with normal enzyme activity. Human HGPRT was present in all six hybrids and the clones derived from them. However, in two of the six, and in some clones from another two, human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was absent. Since the structural loci for both these enzymes are X-linked in man, these findings sug- gest that these two loci have separated quite frequently through chromosome breakage and that they must be rather far apart on the X chromosome. The potential importance of man-mouse somatic cell hybrids for the genetic analysis of man became apparent after the discovery by Weiss and Green (1) that this type of inter- specific hybrid undergoes a rapid loss of human chromosomes. They attempted to determine the chromosomal location of the human structural gene for thymidine kinase (TK) by obtain- ing cell hybrids between normal human diploid cells and mouse cells that were deficient in TK and therefore unable to grow in HAT selective medium (2). The appearance of hybrid clones that grew in HAT medium suggested that human tk locus was being retained and expressed in the hybrid cells. Presumably, the human chromosome carrying the tk locus was selectively retained. Further studies (3, 4) led to the con- clusion that the chromosome in question belongs to the human E-group, since a small submetacentric chromosome was pres- ent in all of the hybrid cells grown in HAT medium, even though other human chromosomes were lost. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of a back selection experiment: when these cells were grown in 5-bromodeoxyuridine (which selects for TK deficiency) this chromosome was lost. Re- cently, Migeon et al. have shown (5) that the electrophoretic mobility of the TK produced by the hybrid cells grown in HAT medium resembles that of human enzyme. An alterna- tive hypothesis-of a reverse mutation at the mouse tk locus- was therefore unlikely.


Numerous studies have documented that forest edges affect habitat use and reproductive success of forest birds, but few studies have considered edges created by narrow breaks in the forest canopy. We compared predation rates on artificial nests placed within forest habitat along edge transects, 10 m from unpaved roads, and along interior transects, 300 m from forest-road boundaries. Local factors, such as nest concealment, and landscape factors, such as the degree of forestation in surrounding areas, were accounted for when testing for edge effects on nest predation. We conducted fixed-radius point counts to compare relative abundance of 34 bird species on edge and interior transects. Also, seven study plots were established adjacent to unpaved roads to map the distribution of bird territories within edge areas, 0-150 m from unpaved roads, and interior areas, 150-300 m from roads. Rates of nest predation on artificial nests did not differ between edge and interior transects, but the distribution of forest birds was influenced by unpaved roads. Four of 18 forest-interior species had lower relative abundance or territory density adjacent to roads, while four of six species categorized as edge nesters had higher relative abundance on edge transects. Our results suggest that narrow openings within forested landscapes may affect habitat use but not nest predation levels, emphasizing the need to frame definitions of edge effects within the context of multiple ecological processes.


The main element that confines the research of human embryo stem cell is the ethnic issues.The author analyzes the properties and ethnic issues of human embryo stem cell of different sources and proposes the attitude and countermeasures China should adopt about the research of human embryo stem cell from the perspective of the reality of China.


In the past decades, many studies have investigated the effects of computer-mediated language learning and teaching (Kern, Ware and Warschauer, 2004) and the new contexts afforded by digital technologies, such as telecollaboration (O ́Dowd, 2007; 2018). There is, however, a scarcity of research that examines the roles of setting expectations and performing self-assessment in tandem language exchange, specially reporting on both sides of these bilateral projects. It is proposed that this study contributes to fill this gap by presenting an analysis of the expectations of seventy English and Portuguese dyads for learning through teletandem practice, as well as their self-perceived achievements through self-assessment. The data collected by means of online questionnaires are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that English and Portuguese learners' expectations and self-assessments may be affected by their beliefs on language learning derived from previous learning experiences as well as by the collaborative learning experience. This has implications for the assistance provided to learners in both integrated and non-integrated modalities


Let 𝔽q be a finite field with q = pe elements, where p is a prime. We calculate the number of zeros of the hyperelliptic curve by using the properties of the quadratic character. With the help of these zeros we discuss the trace of Frobenius map on the hyperelliptic curves in terms of special values of 2F1 hypergeometric functions. Also, we find some identities, and particular values of hypergeometric functions over 𝔽q.


The current study briefly reviews the influence of test-based accountability in the United Status of America and its effect on global movements of education.


1 Ancestors of the present-day Arizona Tewa came to live among the Hopi during the 17th century. Other dialects of Tewa (a member of the Tanoan family) and other Tanoan languages are spoken in New Mexico. It is said that all Arizona Tewa are bilingual in Hopi and in Tewa but that no Hopi ever learns to speak Tewa. See Edward P. Dozier, the Hopi-Tewa of Arizona, UCP-AAE 44 (1954). For treatments of another dialect of Tewa see Harry Hoijer and Edward P. Dozier, The Phonemes of Tewa, Santa Clara Dialect, IJAL 15.139-144 (1949); Dozier, Tewa II: Verb Structure, IJAL 19.118-127 (1953). The materials forming the basis of the present analysis were gathered by me in the course of approximately six months of work with informants in the summers of 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958. Two native speakers of Arizona Tewa served as informants. Both of these individuals (one a man, the other a woman) are in their early thirties. Both also speak Hopi, and both speak English with ease, but neither of them shows full native command of the language. Work with Tewa informants in 1955 and 1956 was done in the course of field trips made to Arizona while I was a student in the Graduate School of Indiana University.


In rice bean, the inheritance of stem colour in seedling, pigmentation in flower bud and pod colour was studied in crosses between different strains developed from the collections obtained from two different sources. The stem colour in. seedling (Rs—rs), pigmentation in flower bud (Psb—psb) were monogenically inherited. Pod colour was controlled by two non allelic interacting genes (Ab—ab; Lp—lp) resulting in 13 : 3 segregation ratio in F2 generation. Four genes-Rs, Psb, Ab and M (the gene for mosaic spotting of seed coat) were linked and the recombination percentages between them were as follows: 9∙3 between Rs- and Psb; 20∙4 between Rs and Ab; 12∙7 between Rs and M and 8∙8 between M and Ab. From these data the relative position of three genes (Rs, M and Ab) was determined as follows:


This research project explores the development of a peer mentoring programme in my school during the academic year 2017-18. The main focus of the project is how the peer mentoring programme can be aligned to help fulfil my school's pastoral care priorities. The importance of encouraging a whole-school approach to well-being is also considered. There is currently a growing awareness of pastoral issues such as mental health in schools, and the research regarding peer mentoring is developing concurrently. For instance, recent governmental guidelines (2017) encourage peer support as a proactive tool to tackle mental health issues, and studies demonstrate that peer mentoring can develop resilience in young people. However, the research regarding peer mentoring is limited. Action research was employed for this project in order to ensure a continued focus on the development of the peer mentoring programme and to ensure regular collaboration with both pupils and staff, allowing for both feedback on interventions and suggestions for the future. Three cycles were undertaken, with a key focus on pastoral priorities for each cycle. Mixed methods surveys were employed in order to allow for both quantitative and qualitative data. This provided a broad range of responses from the pupils and staff which the programme engages with. This project resulted in significant changes to the peer mentoring programme in my school setting. Working in collaboration with a range of pupils and staff has allowed me to re-structure the peer mentoring programme for the next academic year, focussing on the quality rather than quantity of peer mentoring available, and employing participatory action research has encouraged a more meaningful engagement with the development of the programme. A whole-school approach to well-being is, over time, being developed in my school setting, and the peer mentoring programme will play a proactive part in that.


This paper aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, the public policies of Science, Technology and Innovation offered by the Brazilian government, more specifically, the Innovation Act (Lei de InovaA§A£o), in order to verify the effectiveness and impact of this measure for development, in the Brazilian entrepreneurial scene. Through empirical research and comparative method, this research seeks to answer, preliminarily, the following questions: a) What is innovation? b) The State should act in the innovation process?; c) What is the relationship beetween  innovation and development?; d) What are the aspects of public policies of Science, Technology and Innovation offered by the Brazilian government made available to entrepreneurs in the Innovation Law? What is the effectiveness and impact of this measure in the Brazilian entrepreneurial scenario? The questioning of the article was analyzed based on the premise that innovation is essential to the development of a society and its economy. Innovation is not only limited to radical ruptures, such as the introduction of smart watches or autonomous cars, but it also covers moderate advances, such as new product specific production methods, new ways of customer service or (re)configuration of bureaucratic procedures in order to speed them up. Thus, innovation is presented from the need to solve problems that citizens, whether entrepreneurs or not, appears in any given moment. An innovative society tends to have a higher quality of life, higher productivity and, consequently, the factors for the nation?s economic growth in which it resides. It turns out that in developing countries, the private sector, that is, entrepreneurs, don't always have the resources, opportunity, know-how and structure to take the risk of investments in Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I) as assumed initially by Schumpeter. These entrepreneurs prefer to license technology from foreign nations or larger companies, which have been tested and proven, rather than take the risk of spending millions of dollars on products, services, innovative processes that do not have the expected profit, or even, doesn't go beyond a mere prototype. Thus, as highlighted by neo-schumpeterians economists, the State presents itself as a key player in these countries, since it has conditions, financial and technical, to stimulate, either through direct measurements, either through indirect measures, innovation. We concluded that Brazil presents advances in this sector and most of public policies managed to have efficacy for entrepreneurs, but it is also necessary institutional changes in the process of receiving these incentives and in its supervision, improving them, so that companies incubated may have the same competitivety of foreign companies.


The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of cold water stress on the brain and toevaluate the beneficial effect of vestibular stimulation on stress-induced brain changes. Healthy, male, Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 250 gm with 3-6 months of age, were used for the study. Stress was induced by making the animals swim in cold water maintained at 10 0 C for 30 min a day, for 7 days. Following cold water swimming stress, bilateral hot water caloric vestibular stimulation was given to the animals using 41 0 C temperature water for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, serum corticosterone was measured. Rats were sacrificed and histopathological brain changes were studied by Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Serum corticosterone level has increased significantly after cold water swimming stress (p<0.01). Corticosterone was less in animals that received caloric vestibular stimulation in comparison with the animals which did not receive caloric vestibular stimulation (p<0.05). Coldwater swimming stress had induced neuronal atrophy with congested blood vessels and mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in Hippocampus. Hypothalamus showed Focal neuronal atrophy with congested blood vessels. Stressed animals that received caloric vestibular stimulation recovered well and showed the cerebral cortex with the normal Kranth et al (2020):Effect of cold water in neurological changes Dec, 2020 Vol. 23 Issue 23 Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.2323118 neuroglial arrangement. Hypothalamus showed normal morphology and the hippocampus showed a pyramidal layer with a normal thickness in comparison to the animals which did not receive caloric vestibular stimulation. We conclude Caloric vestibular stimulation waseffective in reversing the cold water stress-induced serum corticosterone and histopathological changes in the brain.


Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny particles with their dimensions ranging between1and100 nm. These are gaining cumulative attention owing to their vast use in different fields of applications. There are three main methods for synthesizing NPs; namely, physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods consume a lot of energy and time, require expensive vacuum systems and high temperatures and on top of all, they are not environmentally friendly. Chemical methods, in general, are expensive, increase the particle toxicity and perhaps harm human health and the environment. In addition, hazardous chemicals gather on the top of NPs and confine their applications. Therefore, green method is an alternative replacement to the traditional chemical and physical methods for synthesizing NPs. The existing phytochemicals, for instance in plant extracts, own a remarkably high ability for reducing metal ions within a short time comparing with other microorganisms, which require a longer incubation period. This study is concentrating on green synthesis of silver (Ag) NPs, owing to the significance of Ag NPs whose optical properties depend on their size and shape. In addition, Ag NPs possess numerous applications, especially in solar cells, water treatment and medicine. This review aims to highlight the remarkable growth of green synthesis of Ag NPs, in terms of publications, citations, active and productive researchers, targeting journals and the eminent countries in this regard. This review, also, is highlights the most utilized plants for producing Ag NPs in fourteen years; i.e., 2007-2021.This review, also, evaluating the most acceptable proposed mechanism for biosynthesizing Ag NPs using plant extracts. We believe that this review article will facilitate and brighten the road in front of researchers who want to initiate their study with the biosynthesis of Ag NPs from plant extracts.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Plant extracts, Stabilizing agents, Reducing agents.


A simulator experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of restricted visibility in fog on individual longitudinal driving behaviour on motorways. The experiment served partly to verify the findings of an analysis of inductive loop detector data, and partly to acquire additional knowledge. Aspects of driving behaviour studied were free driving (speed choice), car following (following distance, headway), and approaching slower lead vehicles. The main experimental conditions were visibility distance (40, 80, 120, and 600 m), light condition (day/night), and driving instruction (normal/hasty driving). The results of the simulator study had a good resemblance with real-world loop detector data. The main effect of fog on driving behaviour is a reduction in free-driving speeds, although in real-world conditions this reduction is insufficient to allow for a successful stop for a stationary obstacle. An effect of visibility distance on following distance or headway has not been found. (A) See also IRRD 898627.


The principles of the hanging-type laser range finder for measuring water level are introduced.Its scientific characters are analyzed from the four aspects of float design,installation of laser range finder,signal control converter,and maintainability of laser ranger finder.Its application in Water Information Automatic Prediction System of Qingjiang River in Hubei Province is given.The technical advantages and application prospects of the laser range finder are put forward.


Deep learning (DL) algorithms have found extensive applications in the realm of intelligent policy contexts. In specific environments like waiting rooms and interrogation rooms, where actions such as physical assault and confrontations can pose serious risks, identifying and addressing improper behaviors is crucial. YOLO stands out as a prominent network architecture commonly employed for object detection tasks. In addition, SLTM-GCN represents an innovative DL model designed for predictive analysis utilizing unstructured data. To identify instances of inappropriate behavior in videos, this research leveraged both the YOLO and SLTM-GCN DL models. Consequently, this study makes a significant contribution by establishing the relevance of DL in the context of smart policing.


In this study, an elaborated driver model is characterised by three parameters: Aim Point Distance, Response Delay, and Steering Angle Gain. To reduce a danger and research cost for identification of the driver model parameters, instant of the road tests, a drum type test stand was used. The stand allows to simulate a curved ride of a car, for instance: the double lane change manoeuvre (ISO/TR 3888). The ride is controlled by a driver according to the changing road pictures presented simultaneously on the computer screen. Several drivers took part in the tests. The identification of the driver parameters consisted in comparison of the test results (diagrams of lateral position, steering angle, yaw velocity and lateral acceleration versus time) with the results of computer calculations obtained for the vehicle-driver-environment model with different driver data sets. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 492369.


It is well documented that aging impairs balance and functional mobility. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of multisensory versus strength exercises on these parameters. We performed a simple blinded randomized controlled trial with 46 community-dwelling elderly allocated to strength ([GST], N = 23, 70.2-years-old ± 4.8 years) or multisensory ([GMS], N = 23, 68.8-years-old ± 5.9 years) exercises twice a week for 12 weeks. Subjects were evaluated by blinded raters using the timed 'up and go' test (TUG), the Guralnik test battery, and a force platform. By the end of the treatment, the GMS group showed a significant improvement in TUG (9.1 ± 1.9 seconds (s) to 8.0 ± 1.0 s, P = 0.002); Guralnik test battery (10.6 ± 1.2 to 11.3 ± 0.8 P = 0.009); lateromedial (6.1 ± 11.7 cm to 3.1 ± 1.6 cm, P = 0.02) and anteroposterior displacement (4.7 ± 4.2 cm to 3.4 ± 1.0 cm, P = 0.03), which were not observed in the GST group. These results reproduce previous findings in the literature and mean that the stimulus to sensibility results in better achievements for the control of balance and dynamic activities. Multisensory exercises were shown to be more efficacious than strength exercises to improve functional mobility.


A 30-year old female presented with a five-day history of vertical diplopia. Clinical examination revealed bilateral restriction of adduction and nystagmus of the abducting eye, diagnosed as a bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. A three-day course of intravenous methylprednisolone was prescribed and her signs and symptoms soon resolved. Later, magnetic resonance imaging revealed no signs of demyelination.


By using the notion of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy relations, we form the poset (IVIR(X), ≤ ) of intervalvalued intuitionistic fuzzy relations on a given set X. In particular, we form the subposet (IVIE(X), ≤ ) of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy equivalence relations on a given set X and prove that the poset (IVIE(X), ≤ ) is a complete lattice with the least element and greatest element.


To characterize viral hepatitis co‐infections in a cohort of immigrants living in southern Italy. In a prospective multicenter study, all undocumented immigrants and low‐income refugees consecutively evaluated for a clinical consultation at one of the five first‐level clinical centers in southern Italy from January 2012 to February 2020 were enrolled. All subjects included in the study were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) and anti‐HIV; the HBsAg‐positive were screened also for anti‐delta. Of the 2923 subjects enrolled, 257 (8%) were HBsAg‐positive alone (Control group B), 85 (2.9%) only anti‐HCV‐positive (Control group C), 16 (0.5%) HBsAg/anti‐HCV‐positive (Case group BC), and 8 (0.2%) HBsAg/anti‐HDV‐positive (Case group BD). Moreover, 57 (1.9%) subjects were anti‐HIV‐positive. HBV‐DNA positivity was found less frequently in the 16 subjects in Case group BC (43%) and in the 8 in Case group BD (12.5%) than in the 257 in Control group B (76%; p = 0.03 and 0.0000, respectively). Similarly, HCV‐RNA positivity was more frequent in Case group BC than in Control group C (75% vs. 44.7% p = 0.02). The subjects in Group BC had a lower prevalence of asymptomatic liver disease (12.5%) than Control group B (62.2%, p = 0.0001) and Control group C (62.3%, p = 0.0002). Conversely, liver cirrhosis was more frequently identified in Case group BC (25%) than in Control groups B and C (3.11% and 2.35%, p = 0.0000 and 0.0004, respectively). The present study contributes to the characterization of hepatitis virus co‐infections in the immigrant population.


For the integration of the high-k dielectrics to advanced CMOS process, the stabilities of high-k thin films for ultra-pure water and resist were investigated. Not only rare earth oxides but also ZrO2 was dissolved in ultra-pure water. To suppress the degradation during the wet process, it is recommendable to cover the films by gate electrode and sidewalls by in-situ or dry process.


The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising TPR beads, said TPR beads comprising a solid dispersion of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient in at least one solubility enhancing polymer, and a water insoluble polymer. And a TPR coating comprising an enteric polymer, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient comprises a weakly basic active pharmaceutical ingredient having a solubility of not more than 100 μg / mL at pH 6.8.


This paper focuses on common types of Website attacks and insecurity,analysed under the framework of Powereasy development to help developers through secondary development to achieve a variety of prevention,mainly including enter security verification,preventing SQL injection and other aspects of security.


A series of novel benzo[f]thiopyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-11(8H)-one derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of aryl aldehyde, 2H-thiopyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione, and β-naphthylamine in glacial acetic acid. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, high yields, and short reaction time.


Abstract : Antimony thioantimonate (ATA) is used in a calcium cup grease (Ca grease) lubricant in Naval operations. Test for acute intraperitoneal toxicity, eye irritation, sensitization and subchronic dermal toxicity were conducted. Single dose IP LD sub 50 values for male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were 445 mg/kg and 652 mg/kg, respectively. ATA instilled in New Zealand White rabbit eyes produced reversible conjunctival erythema, chemosis and discharge. Superficial corneal injury noted with ultraviolet light examination 7 days postapplication. Ca grease or 5% ATA in Ca grease (5% ATA/grease) produced a sensitization response in guinea pigs. Repeated dermal 6 hr/day, control 5 day/ week for 90 days, with either Ca grease (vehicle control), 5% ATA/grease or 0.5% ATA in calcium cup grease (0.5% ATA/grease) produced epithelial keratosis in both male and female rabbits. Female rabbits treated with these materials also demonstrated mild hepatocellular fatty change. These lesions were attributable to the Ca grease lubricant with no apparent potentiation by ATA content. Unexposed control rabbits did not display these tissue changes. Food consumption, body weight, and organ weights were generally unaffected by ATA exposure. No changes were noted in the electrocardiograms of rabbits repeatedly exposed to ATA lubricant. In addition, no significant ATA exposure related cardiac tissue changes were observed microscopically. Keywords: Edema, Cardiotoxicity.


A viterbi decoding method and a viterbi decoder are provided to reduce the size of hardware and increase the operation speed by using the viterbi decoder in which the maximum Run Length condition is appended. A branch matric calculator(810) calculates an absolute value of a difference between an input signal and a reference level for each of input data symbols. An ACS(Addition, Comparison, and Selection) unit(820) obtains a new state matric by adding the previous state matric and the branch matric calculated by the branch matric calculator(810), and determines a path matric by selecting the smallest state matric. A path memory(830) stores the path matric determined by the ACS unit(820). The branch matric calculator(810) and the ACS unit(820) do not perform at least one of an operation corresponding to a node exceeding the maximum Run Length and an operation corresponding to a transition sate exceeding the maximum Run Length.


The Wawa Way: How a Funny Name and Six Core Values Revolutionized Convenience Howard Stoeckel and Bob Andelman 2014, Running Press $19.95 (hard cover), 274 pagesHistory can teach us management lessons about what to do and what not to do as entrepreneurs, as well as organizational leaders and employees. The history of this company known as "Wawa" offers many lessons about how to serve customers in order to get them to come back each week for over fifty years. The first Wawa Food Market was opened in 1964 by Grahame Wood as an outlet for dairy products. Wawa is a growing chain of 24-hour convenience stores headquartered in Philadelphia with locations in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and most recently Florida. They are one of the three largest sellers of brewed coffee in the regions where they operate. The convenience store has now grown into a company that competes with the world's biggest competitors by offering food, fuel, and convenience. Despite the fact that Wawa is a fairly big retailer now, they have maintained their focus on the concept of service management by offering a personal-touch mentality in dealing with their customers. While they are serving customers predominantly in the Northeast, Wawa opened its first store in Florida in July of 2012 near Sea World in Orlando and began to compete with Publix Super Markets, headquartered in Lakeland of Florida, which is consistently voted to be one of the best companies to work for in America.The word Wawa is actually a Native American term that is used for Canadian goose. The word Wawa is also a Persian (Dari) expression demonstrating excitement, happiness and joy for something being excellent or exceptionally well done. For example, when the food is served at a restaurant or a pianist plays a song, one can say "Wawa" which conveys that it was fabulous. At Wawa, it is the Persian meaning of the word that has created their culture since, to the employees of the company, the term Wawa stands for "convenience and exceptional service" (Stoeckel and Andelman, 2014, p. 20).That is what Wawa is. More than a store, more than a favorite restaurant, more than a fast and friendly fueling stop. It's a positive part of our customers' lives. Believe me, it's not easy, but our associates creating tens of thousands of good feelings every day is our true sustainable advantage (Stoeckel and Andelman, 2014, pp. 24-25).At Wawa, they focus on serving people exceptionally well in order to build a strong connection with them. According to Stoeckel and Andelman (2014, p. 14), their "measure of success has always come from a more human place-one that values people, not simply profits"; and the employees of Wawa are conditioned to strive for a "share of the heart" which is more important and more enduring than immediate profits. "Wawa associates win the hearts of customers, not only through great in-store experiences, but through relationships and an unwavering commitment to supporting the communities they serve" (Stoeckel and Andelman, 2014, p. 136).The Wawa Way discusses how the company has grown so successfully over the past fifty years along with some of the common management and leadership practices. The book provides a personal history of the company along with practical day-to-day business practices. The authors provide a unique look at the last 50 years of this company's founding years, their consistent growth over the past fifty years, people development, socialization practices of employees, and their expansion strategies into the new routes and cities. The book provides a great success story of a company, with a funny name such as Wawa, which is now serving millions of customers happily each week by delighting them through good service and convenient product choices. Due to their consistent efforts to practice the three strategies of "becoming part of our customers' lives, creating great experiences, and going the extra mile- Wawa has been winning hearts" as their employees are conditioned to care (Stoeckel and Andelman, 2014, p. …


Technology can be utilized as a resource for shared prosperity at home and abroad. As a resource, technology consists of a body of knowledge and know-how. Technology transfer can be discussed at four levels of analysis. Success at Level I, which is primarily concerned with the quantity and quality of research, is often measured in terms of the number of research reports and joumal articles produced. At this level, technology transfer plans and processes are often not considered important. Research strength and scholarly reputation are emphasized. The belief is that good ideas sell themselves; pressures of the marketplace are all that is needed to drive technology use and commercialization. Level 11, technology acceptance, calls for the beginning of shared responsibility between technology developers and users. Success occurs when a technology is transferred across personal, functional, or organizational boundaries and it is accepted and understood by designated users either within the firm or in terms of customer application. Implicit in the Level I1 perspective is the belief that successful technology transfer is simply a matter of getting the right information to the right people at the right time. At Level 111, technology implementation, success is marked by the timely and efficient employment of the technology. For success to occur at Level 111, technology users must have the knowledge and needed to implement, or beta test, the technology. Technology implementation can occur in terms of manufacturing or other processes, or it can occur in terms of building a prototype or proof of a concept for commercial application. Industrial strength is required. Level IV, technology application, centers on product commercialization and dissemination. Technology application builds cumulatively on the successes achieved in attaining objectives of the three previous stages, but market strength is required. Feedback from technology users drives the transfer process. Success is measured by return on investment and market share. Systems in technology transfer support a number of functions that are necessary for success. These systems are in the areas of managementof R&D, strategic alliances, collaborative work, inventions, patents, and intellectual property and licensing. These systems link the technology or invention source with a number of intermediiies. This HICSS track has five papers that will be presented in two sessions. The first of these sessions includes papers on technological learning, on strategic alliances, and on business venturing in the technology transfer area. The first paper, by lfias Carayannis and Sul Kassicieh titled, "Managing Higher Order Technological Learning: A Factor in Predicting Firm Market Performance." This gaper examines the relationship between learning, hyperlearning and the commercial success of technology transfer activities in sixteen firms studied for their learning patterns and behaviors. It presents statistical significance in the differences between firm profitability and levels of technological learning, The second paper, by Elias Carayannis, Sul Kassicieh and Ray Radosevich, "Strategic Alliances as a Source of Early-State Seed Capital in Technology-Based, Entrepreneurial Firms" reports survey data on a study of embryonic firms receiving significant amounts of start-up capital from strategic alliance partners. This paper identifies the important issues in the relationships and reaches conclusions as to the success and failure of partnerships. The third plaper, by Leland Traylor, "Building Business from Technology: The Sandia Experience" examines the methods used by Sandia National Laboratories to encourage the formation of new businesses from technological innovations. The second of the sessions includes two papers on Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs). The first paper "The Anatomy of the CRADA Process in New Mexico and a Comparison with Japan" by Kazuo Kurihara, Everett E. Rogers, Marcel Albritton, and Elias Carayannis examines the CRADA process between federal R&D laboratories in New Mexico and private companies. A comparison is made with similar technology transfer mechanisms in Japan. "Customer Assessment of CRADA Program Performance" by David V. Gibson, James E. Jarrett, and James E. Furgeson, devellops a focused analysis of CRADA program performance against the needs and expectations of industry partners.


Dyadic pile wall supporting structure is widely used in the foundation pit support engineering and there are many calculation methods.In this article,the author introduces the calculation process of single-node and multi-node method using equivalent beam model in support calculation of foundation pit support engineering.At the same time,an application of it in an actual project is presented.


Residents in Ribble Valley still have time to have their say on the main modifications to the borough's core strategy.


AbstractENSO-like variability is examined using a set of univariate indices based on unfiltered monthly global sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), sea level, and the three-dimensional ocean temperature (OT) fields. These indices, many of which correspond to the leading principal components (PCs) of the respective global fields, are highly correlated with each other. In combination with their spatial regression patterns, they provide a comprehensive description of ENSO-like variability in the atmosphere and ocean across time scales ranging from months to decades, from 1950 onward. The SLP and SST indices are highly correlated with one another back to the late nineteenth century. The interdecadal-scale shifts in the prevailing polarity of ENSO that occurred in the 1940s, the 1970s, and around the year 2000 are clearly evident in low-pass-filtered time series of these indices.On the basis of empirical mode decomposition, ENSO-like variability is partiti...


The objective of this project is to show the opportunity it has at the moment of setting up
a microenterprise dedicated to advising SMEs. Headquarters in the northern sector of the
city of Quito. The proposal seeks to implement a new form of advice within this city that is
increasingly competitive for SMEs and that necessarily by necessity or ignorance to seek
professionals in the accounting and administrative area but offers a differentiated service of
traditional consulting firms . It is important to point out that the proposal is viable and that
several aspects were reviewed, among these supply and demand, macro and micro changes
in the environment, financial investment, recovery indicators, among others. Once all these
elements have been reviewed, a highly profitable microenterprise can be obtained, which
fulfills the purpose of its creation, which is to have its own income, and to employ more
people. It is important to note that at the end of the time that separated to recover the capital;
The company acquired a strong financial backing to maintain a highly high profit to reinvest
and expand the company to new horizons.
Keywords: Creation, foundation, strengthening, organization, SMEs


In this article, we study a neutral fractional integrodifferential equation supplemented with nonlocal flux type integral boundary conditions. The existence and uniqueness results are obtained by using Banach fixed point theorem and Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative theorem. The obtained results are illustrated by examples at the end.


Background: Parasitic infections are a major public health problem worldwide with one-quarter ofthe world's population is suffering from it. Intestinal and extraintestinal parasitic infestations arerising in developing countries. There is a raise in the immunocompromised state in which tissueparasitic infestations are increasing which necessitates this type of study. Method: A retrospectivedescriptive study with data collected from histopathology register from January 2018 to December2020, all cases diagnosed as parasitic infestation with age, gender, location and histopathologicalevaluation with tissue response was analysed. Results: In the present study over 3 years 11parasitic infestations were identified. About 3(27.3%) cases of hydatid cyst, 5(45.5%) cases ofEnterobius vermicularis, 2 (18.2%) cases of cysticercosis and 1(9%) case of hard tick was identified.The most common age group affected was <25 years of age (54.5%). The most common parasitefound is Enterobius vermicularis in our study. Conclusion: A careful histopathological examinationto identify parasitic infestations in tissue sections will help to decrease morbidity and mortality byproviding specific treatment to the patient.


The first Siemens gas turbine in this generation, a V64.3. was connected to the power grid in 1990. Roughly a decade of experience with these gas turbines has thus been amassed This article summarizes the experience gathered to date, starting with testing in the prototype test facility in the Berlin gas turbine manufacturing plant and including years of commercial power plant operation. Operating experience is presented for selected components, especially those of the hot-gas path of the gas turbine. This experience is used to determine possibilities for reducing operating costs by such means as optimizing the operating mode, extending the time between major inspections and increasing component service life, The focus of this paper is on the V64.3, because it was the first to undergo commissianing, and no other member of its generation can match its fleet size or operating experience base.


The effects of fly ash and fiber on the rheological behaviors of geopolymeric pastes were systematically investigated by using the specially designed ram rheometer.Based on the rheological testing results,a PVA short fiber reinforced fly ash-geopolymer composites manufactured by extrusion technique(SFRFGC) was successfully prepared by adjusting the fiber volume fraction and fly ash content.The dymanic behaviors were then studied on the SFRFGC by using Rdmana impact tester.The experimental results show that for normally curing SFRGC,PVA fiber addition greatly increases the ductility of SFRGC,especially in the case of high volume fraction of fiber,resulting in a change of impact failure mode from brittle pattern to ductile one.As a result,a great increase in the impact toughness was seen in SFRGCwith high fiber content.Comparatively fly ash addition also exhibits obvious influence on the rhelogical and impact behaviors.The spherical shape of fly ash particles can greatly improve the extrudability of fresh SFRGC pastes.SFRGC without or with low percentage of fly ash possesses very high impact strength and stiffness.However,when too much fly ash is incorporated,the impact resistance of SFRGC is reduced rapidly.The corresponding microstructure and failure mechanism are also explored by laser particle size analysis(LSA),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM).


Taking DSP as core,a controller for three Phase Brushless DC Motor based on intelligent power module(IPM) is designed.The control strategy and photo-coupler isolation protection and function of IPM are expounded.The system form and action strategy of circuit breaker are introduced,and design of software/hard-ware is given.The experimental results indicate that the system can reduce transient impacts such as inrush current and over-voltage caused by switching operation,and can improve electrical energy quality.


The charette, a process of adding ideas and solutions to a project while it is being studied, is alive and well today. The concept has since been expanded to create comprehensive solutions arrived at through highly intensive efforts to resolve complex problems within an agreed-upon deadline. It is very organized and with its use, project solutions, along with team communications, can be enhanced significantly. This paper presents successful experience with a technical team charette which was conducted as a step in the technical engineering and planning process, and public charettes where engineering and planning analyses occurred "en charette": with active public input. Although different in participation and purpose, the charette dynamic assisted both in improving the communications between those involved.


Objective: The objective was to document the effects of late-summer prescribed fire on soil cover, botanical composition, and forage production in the Kansas Smoky Hills and associated effects on dense Caucasian bluestem ( Bothriochloa bladhii ) stands therein. Study Description: The study took place on a private ranch in Ellsworth County, in the Kansas Smoky Hills. Eighteen one-acre plots were assigned randomly to one of two prescribed-fire treatments: no burn (control) and burn (burned August 14, 2019). Soil cover, plant composition, and forage production were evaluated annually. These data represent plant community effects prior to treatment and one and two years subsequent to treatment. Effects of late-summer prescribed fire native-mixed grass Kansas Smoky Hills Item Year No No No bluestem, Grass rich-ness, Objective: The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of non-protein nitrogen (NPN; biuret) or NPN + ruminal modifier (biuret + Bovatec, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) inclusion in a commercial mineral mix on growth performance of yearling beef calves grazing in the Kansas Flint Hills. Study Description: Three hundred ninety-five crossbred steers (initial body weight: 612 ± 77.8 lb) of Texas origin previously backgrounded at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit were used. Three mineral treatments consisting of a basal supplement (control), a basal supplement plus NPN (biuret), and a basal supplement plus NPN and lasalocid (Bovatec) were provided with a 4 oz/head/day mineral consumption target. The three mineral treatments were randomly assigned to one of 18 pastures with a total of six pastures per treatment. Feeders were checked daily to determine days-to-empty and were weighed weekly to determine mineral consumption. Individual weights were collected at the start and end of the 90 days to determine initial and final body weights (BW). Results: There was no difference ( P ≥ 0.31) in final BW, total BW gains, average daily gains, and mineral consumption between mineral treatments. For days-to-empty, there was an interaction between treatment and week Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the environmental impact and efficiencies of beef cattle with differing genetic potentials in the Great Plains. Study Description: A 100-head cow-calf herd was simulated for 74 different land regions and six combinations of genetic potential within regions: large, moderate, or small mature size and high (24.2 lb/day) or low (17.6 lb/day) milk production. The simulation determined the average amount of feed required to maintain the herd. Land, water, and methane production were estimated for each combination of land use area and genetic potential. Weaning weight was estimated for each genetic potential to find resource use efficiency. Average annual environmental impact per pound of weaning weight (WW) of a 100 head cow-calf herd with differing genetic potentials in the Great Plains Objective: The objective of our experiment was to evaluate the effects of bunk allotment on performance of growing beef calves during a 58-day receiving period, and investigate possible residual effects of bunk-space allotment on subsequent growth performance during a 90-day grazing season. Study Description: A group of 385 crossbred steers (initial weight 473 ± 56 lb) were purchased in Texas and transported to the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit. Calves were blocked by arrival date, assigned to one of four bunk space treatments (i.e., 10, 15, 20, or 25 in of bunk per head), and limit-fed a high-energy corn and corn co-product diet for 58 days. Following the receiving period, steers were blocked by bunk-space treatment, randomly assigned to one of eighteen pastures, and grazed for 90 days. Effects of bunk-space allotment during a 58-day receiving period on overall performance of growing calves following a 90-day grazing season Objective: The objective of this experiment was to compare the subsequent growth performance and carcass impacts of a high-energy diet limit-fed at 2.2% of body weight (BW) or a traditional roughage-based diet fed ad libitum during the growing phase. Study Description: Three hundred seventy crossbred heifers (initial BW = 496 ± 44 lb) previously used in a 90-day growing study at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit were transported to a commercial feedlot (Pratt Feeders, Pratt, KS) for finishing where cattle were fed a common diet. The two backgrounding diets included: (1) 45 Mcal of net energy for gain (NEg) per 100 lb of dry matter (DM) fed for ad libitum intake (45AL), or (2) 60 Mcal NEg per 100 lb of DM limit-fed at 2.2% of BW daily on a DM basis (60LF2.2). Both diets contained 40% of DM as Sweet Bran (Cargill Animal Nutrition, Blair, NE). Cattle were sorted by weight group (light or heavy) and backgrounding diet (45AL or 60LF2.2) and placed in one of four pens. Finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics were measured. Results: Heifers previously fed 60LF2.2 had greater morbidity ( P < 0.01) than heifers Objective: Evaluate the impact on intake and digestion of a high-energy diet limit-fed at 85% of the ad libitum daily consumption of a roughage-based diet on a dry matter (DM) basis compared to a traditional roughage-based growing diet in growing cattle. Study Description: Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred Angus heifers (body weight = 450 ± 24 lb) were used in a cross-over design with two consecutive 15-day periods at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit. Two dietary treatments were fed: (1) 45 Mcal of net energy for gain (NE g ) per 100 lb of DM fed for ad libitum DM intake (45AL), or (2) 60 Mcal NE g per 100 lb of DM limit-fed at 85% of 45AL diet intake on a DM basis (60LF85%). Both diets contained 40% of DM as Sweet Bran (Cargill Animal Nutrition, Blair, NE). Heifers were fed once daily at 10:00 a.m. Each 15-day period included 10 days for diet adaptation, 4 days for fecal sampling, and 1 day for ruminal sampling. Daily nutrient intake was measured and apparent total-tract diet digestibility using chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) marker was determined. Results: Ruminal pH was greater ( P < 0.01) from 10:00 p.m. Evaluate the effect of feeding corn grain and corn silage from Syngenta or in or on growth in of Objective: Evaluate the effect of feeding corn grain and corn silage from Enogen corn (EC; Syngenta Seeds, LLC., Downers Grove, IL) or conventional corn (CON) in diets containing either wet distillers grain (WDG; ICM Biofuels, St. Joseph, MO) or Sweet Bran [proprietary wet corn gluten feed (WCGF); Cargill Animal Nutrition, Blair, NE] on intake and digestibility in growing cattle. Study Description: Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred heifers (initial body weight = 816 ± 94 lb) were used in an intake and digestibility study designed as a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Four consecutive, 15-day periods consisted of 10 days for diet adaptation, 4 days of fecal sampling, and 1 day of ruminal sampling. Heifers were fed once daily at 10:00 a.m. Chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) was used as an external digestion marker to calculate apparent total-tract diet digestibility. Results: Heifers eating EC tended to have greater starch digestibility ( P = 0.07) than heifers eating CON. No differences ( P > 0.34) in dry matter or fiber digestibilities were observed between corn sources. There were coproduct × hour interactions for concentration of ruminal ammonia ( P < 0.01) and two branched chain fatty acids, isobutyrate ( P < 0.01) and isovalerate Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a post-transport rest period on receiving calf growth performance and blood serum metabolites as indicators of immune function. Study Description: Eighty heifers were purchased from a sale barn and transported 6 hours to the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Research Center where they were processed at one of four times: immediately upon arrival or after a 6-, 24-, or 48-hour rest period. Cattle were then fed for 35 days with growth performance data collected weekly. Blood samples were also collected and analyzed for serum infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) titer and biochemical parameters. Results: Processing time did not impact ( P > 0.05) heifer average daily gain. Overall, dry matter intake (DMI) decreased linearly ( P = 0.027) as the rest time increased. The number of days for heifers to reach a targeted DMI of 2.5% body weight was linearly increased ( P = 0.023) as time of rest increased. Serum IBR titer for heifers processed at either 0 or 6 hours upon arrival was higher ( P < 0.01) on day 35 compared to day 0. This response was expected, as these cattle were vaccinated immediately or shortly after arrival. Interestingly, no difference in IBR titer was observed ( P > 0.05) between day 0 and day These results indicate rest after arrival prior to calf growth performance, but there evidence a 6-hour rest DMI upon a feedlot. Additional research with greater replication and more industry-standard experimental conditions should be conducted evaluate these parameters. Objective: Objectives were to determine: 1) value of Holstein feeder steer lots compared with steer lots of other breed descriptions, 2) value of beef-dairy cross weaned steer calves compared with either Holstein weaned calves or weaned calves of other breed descriptions, and 3) value of beef-dairy cross weaned calves compared with weaned calves of other beef breed descriptions sold through video auctions. Study Description: Data on 14,075 feeder steer lots sold in 211 auctions from 2010 through 2018; 763 weaned steer calf lots, and 1,125 weaned steer and heifer calf lots sold via seven auctions in 2020 and 2021 were used. Separate multiple regression models using backwards selection were developed for feeder cattle, weaned steer, and weaned steer and heifer calf lots. The five breed group categories used were English-English crossed, English-Continental crossed, Brahman-influen


We investigate the multi-Regge model in the kinematic region where the four momentum of one initial particle is large and spacelike. These kinematics occur in inelastic electron scattering through single virtual photon exchange. We predict a rapid fall off in the cross section as the virtual particle becomes more spacelike, contradicting present data. (Submitted to Phys . Rev. ) t Supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. * National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow. 2After radiative corrections, inelastic electron scattering measures the total cross sectionfor virtual photons as a function of the photon mass as well as its energy. This freedom of varying a particle mass is a new feature not yet available in other reactions; therefore, this process has recently attracted much theoretical interest. (1) (2) Denote the total cross sections for transverse and longitudinal virtual photons incident on spin averaged protons by (T T and u L respectively. Let v be the photon lab energy and let p: be the square of the photon four momentum. Bjorken (1) has shown that, as v and pf became V large with the ratio 2 p1 constant, it is likely that va T and v (T % have finite, as opposed to infinite, limits of value dependent on this ratio 2. Current (6) p1 data seem to indicate that this limit is nonvanishing . Most of the recent interest in the subject concerns the behavior of this limit as a function of + p1 * The multi-Regge model (MRM) has drawn interest as a possible description for highly inelastic hadronic collisions (3). We wish to relate the MRM to inelastic electron scattering by discussing the behavior of the MRM as the four momentum pl of an initial particle becomes large and spacelike. In this way we hope to gain some insight into the behavior of Bjorken's limit functions. In particular, we ask if the above discussed behavior for v (T L and v c T is consistent with the simple MRM. Our calculation essentially follows the work of Halliday and Saunders (4) , except we allow one initial mass to be variable. For simplicity we treat all particles as spinless. Figure 1. shows our kinematics. A virtual particle of momentum pl collides with a particle of momentum p2 and unit mass (pi = 1). The f' ma1 state consists of n identical particles labeled with momenta qi' i=l, l l l n, and all of unit mass (qf = 1). Define invariants


ABSTRACT

The proposed model comprises a CUK converter fed resonant LLC (Inductor Inductor Capacitor) converterbased charging solution for an e-bike battery pack, wherein the CC/CV (Constant Current/Constant Voltage) charging algorithm is implemented through the LLC converter. Heretofore, modifications were made in DCDC converter topology to incorporate bridge-less topology to increase efficiency to eliminate current inrush issues and involve galvanic isolation. Moreover, bypassing the switching losses presented by a half-bridge converter. The presented topology operates a pulse-width modulated CUK converter in DCM (discontinuous conduction mode), which serves natural current shaping without an input ripple filter. The LLC converter eliminates switching losses by undergoing ZVS (zero voltage switching) and allows high-frequency operation. The closed-loop control of the trigger pulses of the CUK and LLC converters is responsible for the CC/CV charging of the battery and hence the reduced charging time. An 800 Wh CC/CV charger with a current rating of 16 A is developed to charge a 48 V, 20 Ah Li-ion battery, where the battery is expected to charge in less than 2 hours.


Objective To investigate the role of GABAB1 receptors in spinal dorsal horn neurons in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods Sixty pathogen free male SD rats aged 4 weeks weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each): control group and DNP group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels and paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli were measured at 3, 5 and 7 weeks (T1, T2, T3 ) after IP STZ/NS ( n = 10 each). The animals were sacrificed after PWL measurement. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of GABAB1 receptors by immuno-histochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results The blood glucose levels were significantly higher while the PWT was significantly lower at T1,T2 and T3 in group DNP than in control group. The expression of GABAB1 receptor mRNA and protein in spinal dorsal horn was significantly lower at T2 and T3 in DNP group than in control group. Conclusion The expression of GABAb1 receptors is down-regulated in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with DNP.

Key words:
Neuralgia;  Diabetes complications;  Spinal cord;  Receptors, GABA-B


Abstract We studied how data management affected reproductive performance indicators at herd level and how herd characteristics affected the agreement of the indicators. Data from 483 herds in the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme was used. The herd level performance indicators were: number of inseminations per animal submitted to artificial insemination (AI), percentage of non-returns at 56 days, number of days from calving to first and last insemination, percent pregnant per insemination and per animals submitted to AI, and fertility index. Agreement was assessed by the change in performance indicators from a routine calculation to an extra calculation where updated data was included. Changes of more than ±5% were considered indicative of disagreement. The amount of disagreement for the reproductive performance indicators was variable. Percentage of non-returns at 56 days showed no disagreement, while number of inseminations per animal submitted to AI showed largest disagreement. Some herd characteristics, e.g. do-it-yourself-inseminations, percent pregnancy checked and rate of inseminations, affected amount of disagreement.


From the always quoted beginning of Aesthetic Theory, I offer a brief overview through the absence of tittles in contemporary art, and its connection with the problem of the body.


Method and apparatus for measuring the mass or density and / or for measuring the humidity at a plurality of portioned units in or on a nonmetallic carrier material, providing the following: - a microwave measuring device comprising at least one microwave resonator for generating at least one resonance mode in a localized measurement range and an evaluation unit for evaluating at least a size of the at least one resonance mode, - a conveyor for the carrier material, which transports the carrier material with the portioned units through the measurement area, - the microwave measuring device measures at least one magnitude of at least one resonance mode, respectively, when only the carrier material without portioned unit is located in the measurement range, and when the portioned unit is located at least partially in the measurement area, - the evaluation unit subtracts the measured for the substrate size of the measured values for the portioned unit and determines from at least a difference of a characteristic diagram a value for the humidity and / or for the mass or density of the portioned unit.


Six species from Qin-ba Mountains and four cultivated varieties of Lily plantlets in vitro were treated with high temperature(day 37℃/night 32℃) and comparative studies on heat tolerance was conducted by observation the heat injury index and the measurement of leaf cell membrane permeability and proline content.The results showed that L.leucanthum Baker,Prato and L.pumilum D were the strongest tolerant to the heat treatment;L.brownii F.E,L.lancifolium were moderate tolerant,and L.regale Wilson,Sorbnne,L.davidii var.unicelor,Conca D`or,Siberia were sensitive to heat.


The Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR) forms the northern arm of the Trent Institute for Health Services Research which also includes centres at Nottingham and Leicester universities.


The Victorian government is preparing to enact a 'Charter of Rights and Responsibilities' believing that the enactment of such legislation would prevent what he considers to be deficiencies in the new anti-terrorism laws. The human-rights legislation to be effective depends on the socio-political context in which it operates.


A active ingredient is uniformly distributed, yet provides a process for the preparation of powders for inhalation which is excellent in dispersibility. The invention relates to a first active ingredient and the carrier is stirred in the presence of grinding media, while crushing the first active ingredient, the carrier and the first active ingredient by mixing with a carrier a first mixing step to obtain a mixture, to the mixture obtained in the first mixing step, the addition of fine powder, comprising a second mixing step of stirring and mixing in the presence of grinding media, and for inhalation powder process for the preparation of. .FIELD 1


In , The Origins of Totalitarianism , first published under the title The burden of our time, Arendt puts forward the ' boomerang thesis ' , suggesting that the roots of European totalitarianism, especially Nazism, lay in European overseas colonialism. The idea that imperial politics returned as a boomerang back to Europe in the form, of fascism and nazism was also expressed by the Marxist theorist Karl Korsch at almost the same time as Arendt. According to Korsch, « The Nazis have extended to ' civilized ' European peoples the methods hitherto reserved for the ' natives ' and the ' savages ' living outside so-called civilization » (Korsch 1942). Similar arguments were also developed by major African American intellectuals as W.E.B. Dubois and A. Baldwin, Caribbean Marxists as Aim e Ce saire, CLR James, and others . Several historians of the Nazi occupation policies during World War II pointed out the essentially colonial nature of the Nazi – German national project in the ' Wild East '. A ccording to A lexander Dallin , Hitler's 'favourite analogy' was British India, with Russia as ' Germany 's India' , while Robert Koehl suggested, the 'Nazi East' was a ' cross between the American Wild West and British India ' Looking back to these forgotten genealogies in the light of the present rise of fascist and neo-Nazi movements and the immigration and refugee European policies, I propose to reflect on th is imperial and colonial undercurrent of Western history coming once again to the surface and the triumphant coming-back of race as a legitimate grid of political understanding. Eleni Varikas Emerita Professor of Political Theory Universite Paris 8' Vincennes a Saint-Denis Centre de Recheches Sociologiques et Politiques de Paris CRESPPA/CNRS


Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a long established complication and continuing cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the multiply injured patient. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is classically associated with acute pulmonary dysfunction. A variety of insults including trauma, sepsis, hypoxia, ischaemia reperfusion, can trigger systemic inflammatory response and acute lung injury. In models of sepsis, endotoxaemia and ischaemia-reperfusion, acute lung injury is characterised by widespread endothelial-neutrophil interaction and neutrophil activation. Another associated finding in these models of injury, is evidence of induced diaphragm muscle dysfunction, by electrophysiological testing of muscle strips post injury. An established model of incremental increasing skeletal trauma was employed. Adult male sprague dawley rats (mean weight 476grams, 370–520g) were randomised to control, single hindlimb fracture, bilateral hindlimb fracture and bilateral hind limb fracture + 20% haemorrhage. Indices of acute lung injury studied 2 hours post injury were bronchalveolar lavage, cell counts, and protein assays. Pulmonary tissue myeloperoxidase activity was assayed as an indicator of neutrophil activation and pulmonary wet/dry weights were measured as a marker of pulmonary oedema. Diaphragmatic electrophysiological testing was also performed 2 hours post injury. Freshly harvested diaphragmatic muscle strips had peak evoked muscle twitches measured, the maximal tetanic twitch and muscle strip fatigue times were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The cohort of animals with the greatest injury severity manifested evidence of acute lung injury when compared with controls, this was associated with evidence of interstitial leucosequestration. This data suggests that neutrophils are involved in mediating an acute lung injury following musculoskeletal trauma.


Abstract Three trials were conducted over two seasons under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions to examine the extent to which available herbage in early spring could be increased by either adjusting the autumn-winter grazing management of "lucerne alone" or by over-drilling 'Grasslands Tama' ryegrass into lucerne in autumn. Under both irrigated or very dry, unirrigated autumn conditions, spelling 'Wairau' lucerne over winter or autumn and winter increased spring yields by a minimum of 34% and 48% respectively. These increases were much greater than the amounts of lucerne foregone by spelling and were entirely in the form of fresh leafy herbage. The results also indicated that the common recommendation to autumn spell and winter graze lucerne is not well founded for the warmer climatic zones where lucerne is able to make some winter growth. Overdrilling Tama into lucerne did not improve spring herbage yields if dry conditions in autumn prevented rapid germination and establishment of the grass. Howe...


A nerve cuff technique is described for selective activation of individual motor fascicles within a multifascicular peripheral nerve trunk. Preliminary results from numerical modeling and experimental testing of the technique are presented. Of the four electrode configurations considered, longitudinal tripolar dots with transverse field steering were most effective in yielding selective activation of the motor axons within a desired superficially placed nerve trunk fascicle.<<ETX>>


A total synthesis of the sesquiterpene, (+)-taylorione 1 starting from (+)-2-carene is described; the key synthetic transformation is achieved in high yield by application of developed Pauson–Khand reaction techniques for gaseous olefins.


INTRODUCTION:
The present day obstetrics calls for induction of labor for a myriad of obstetrical, medical, and fetal indications. We should only induce labor when we are sure that we can do better. The prostaglandins (PGs) and antiprogesterones have major role in labor induction.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral mifepristone and endocervical PGE2 gel in labor induction.
METHODS:
To compare the safety, efficacy and fetomaternal outcome following induction of labour with oral mifepristone and endocervical PGE2 gel. 200 antenatal women were selected among which 100 women received 200 mg oral mifepristone and 100 women received 0.5 mg endocervical PGE2 gel, if required repeat gel at interval of 6hrs max.of 3 doses is kept in 24hours.
RESULTS:
71% (44% primigravida and 27% multigravida) had favourable Bishop score in mifepristone group whereas only 62% (37% primigravida and 25% multigravida) in PGE2 gel group. Oxytocin augmentation is needed in 53 (77.94%) primigravida in mifepristone group and 44 (78.51%) primigravida in PGE2 gel group who delivered vaginally. Duration of II and III stage of labour shorter in miferpristone group. Cesarean section rate was 18% in mifepristone group whereas 27% in PGE2 gel group.Blood loss was less in mifepristone group.
Neonatal complications and neonatal admissions were lesser in mifepristone group.Drug administration to delivery interval shorter with PGE2 group. Maternal complications were similar in both groups.The outcome of induction in this study reveals that the mifepristone was successful in 82% in achieving vaginal delivery whereas PGE2 gel was successful in 73%.
CONCLUSION:
Oral mifepristone is very safe and an effective drug for preinduction cervical ripening. It is more effective in multigravida than primigravida.


We consider a synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) system where all users share an additive white Gaussian noise channel. For this multiuser communication system a new so-called hybrid multiuser detection scheme based on a favourable link of multistage multiuser detection algorithms and maximum likelihood detection is presented. It is shown that this scheme yields a profitable tradeoff between computational expense and detection performance. In addition, the hybrid detection scheme offers the possibility of parallel computations such that computational delay can be limited to a reasonable size.


Nowadays, it is impossible to be successfull without proper information. It concerns not only business but also public administration. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become essential for our everyday lives because they are tools for treating information. A quite fast development of ICT brings new demands for new skills on all of the people. It means that people have to undergo futher education. This is why lifelong education is more and more important for everyone including officers of public administration bodies.


In order to fully understand nanoscale heat transport it is necessary to spectrally characterize phonon transmission in nanostructures. Toward this goal we have developed a microfabricated phonon spectrometer. We utilize microfabricated superconducting tunnel junction (STJ)-based phonon transducers for the emission and detection of tunable, non-thermal and spectrally resolved acoustic phonons, with frequencies ranging from ∼100 to ∼870 GHz, in silicon microstructures. We show that phonon spectroscopy with STJs offers a spectral resolution of ∼15–20 GHz, which is ∼20 times better than thermal conductance measurements, for probing nanoscale phonon transport. The STJs are Al–AlxOy–Al tunnel junctions and phonon emission and detection occurs via quasiparticle excitation and decay transitions that occur in the superconducting films. We elaborate on the design geometry and constraints of the spectrometer, the fabrication techniques and the low-noise instrumentation that are essential for successful application of this technique for nanoscale phonon studies. We discuss the spectral distribution of phonons emitted by an STJ emitter and the efficiency of their detection by an STJ detector. We demonstrate that the phonons propagate ballistically through a silicon microstructure, and that submicron spatial resolution is realizable in a design such as ours. Spectrally resolved measurements of phonon transport in nanoscale structures and nanomaterials will further the engineering and exploitation of phonons, and thus have important ramifications for nanoscale thermal transport as well as the burgeoning field of nanophononics.


In the last two years, there has been an abrupt change in the use of the Internet and Social Media. For many, these digital media have become the foundation of our lives and we rely on them without giving too much thought to what makes them work or who makes them possible. Its stability gives us stability, allowing people from almost every continent to move seamlessly between their offline and online lives. And yet, billions of peoplemust also navigate this abrupt change without reliable access to the Internet and digital media. This article presents a sample of the role played by social media in the harshest part of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the very particular case of Panama.


here. As well, the book's welcome citations of Audre Lorde as inspiration to theorists of Indigenous erotics (155–56) stand alone, so we do not yet learn how Lorde or her Native interlocutors articulated Black feminist, Black queer, or queer-of-color theories, or their relations to Indigenous erotics. This potential for further discussion is signaled when white queer theory is cited (217) to affirm such works' importance. Written by the Body shines when its passionate readings of Indigenous creative works highlight the deeply historical and pressingly current leadership of Indigenous women and Indigiqueer people within Indigenous resurgence. By tracing an arc from Indigenous history and ethnography, through creative writing and visual art, to Two-Spirit activism, the book mirrors and honors the cited legacy of Lakota anthropologist Beatrice Medicine, whose early accounts of Lakota woman warriorhood and Indigiqueer activism long nurtured Indigenous gender expansiveness in academia and Indigenous communities. Written by the Body will receive wide note for modeling an Indigenous gender studies that displaces cisnormative masculinity, even as it reframes masculinities as crucial arenas of gender expansiveness, relationality, and resurgence that embrace all Indigenous lives.


A phenomenological account of an extended encounter with feminist theory in translation, the entirety of 'Subjects through translation' is best condensed in these three lines from the poet Adrienne Rich: it will be short, it will not be simple // You are coming into us who cannot withstand you // you are taking parts of us into places never planned. What is it like to read text after text in translation? How do familiar words become so strange? How to express the dizziness, the blurring, the sharp and sometimes painful dislocations of meaning, sense? Thoughts dislodged from their usual paths begin to wander, to wonder anew. Subjects are changed.