Objective: The current research is aimed to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of Palbociclib by formulating into solid dispersion
Methods: The Palbociclib solid dispersions (SD) prepared by adopting different methods: Surface solid dispersion technique (SSD1-SSD15), Melt granulation (MG1-MG15) and Liquisolid compacts (LSC1-LSC9). All formulations were evaluated for physico-chemical parameters followed by in vitro dissolution studies. The optimised formulation was subjected to bioavailability studies in rats.
Results: The results indicated that the prepared formulation satisfactory results for all the evaluated parameters. The SD formulations prepared by liquisolid compact and Melt Granulation technique (LSC1 and MG 3) displayed maximum dissolution of 99.64% and 99.58%. The FTIR of LSC1 displayed no interaction among drug and excipients while XRD, SEM displayed amorphous nature of drug in formulation. The stability study results indicated that LSC 1 was stable over 3 mo. The in vivo bioavailability studies conducted on rats indicate that at any time point, the drug plasma concentrations in animals administrated with the SD formulation was higher than pure drug. The Cmax of the palbociclib SD was 970.76±1.22 ng/ml and was significant (p<0.05) when compared to pure drug suspension formulation (105.84±0.19 ng/ml). The Tmax of both SD formulation and pure drug were 2.0±0.04 and 4±0.01 h, respectively. The AUC0-∞ for SD was higher 7816.61±1.37 ng. h/ml) than the pure drug suspension 2501.4±1.46 ng. h/ml indicating better systemic drug absorption from SD formulation prepared using Melt granulation technique.
Conclusion: A significant enhancement in vitro dissolution profile and bioavailability of the melt granules was observed compared to the pure Palbocicilib and marketed product.


Abstract Biotin d-sulfoxide can be utilized as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur for growth of a pseudomonad. The following series indicates the relative rates of uptake of 14C-biotin and the 14C-analogues by 0.9% NaCl solution-washed cells, which were grown in a medium containing biotin d-sulfoxide: biotin sulfone g biotin l-sulfoxide g biotin d-sulfoxide g biotin g dethiobiotin. Bacteria grown on a salts-trace element medium containing 0.3% 14C-carbonyl-labeled biotin d-sulfoxide have an extended initial period of slow growth as compared to that on a medium containing 14C-biotin. Biotin is slowly produced in the d-sulfoxide culture, and the concentration of biotin reaches a maximum of approximately 5 to 7% of the total remaining substrate during the log phase of growth. Several metabolites have been isolated from culture filtrates of the pseudomonad grown for 9 days on a medium containing 14C-carbonyl-labeled d-sulfoxide. Purification of the following metabolites has been achieved by anion exchange chromatography over Dowex 1-X2: biotin; bisnorbiotin; tetranorbiotin; biotin l-sulfoxide; biotin sulfone; and a new catabolite, bisnorbiotin sulfone. The results are consistent with the conclusion that reduction of d-sulfoxide to the thioether precedes utilization of the sulfur atom. Thus, the major pathway for the degradation of biotin d-sulfoxide appears to be through biotin.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimers Disease (AD) and is often the result of brain hypoxia. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can lower cognitive decline and AD incidence in human patients. Therefore, our goal is to determine the mechanisms that PUFAs influence in a mouse model of VCI. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We hypothesize that hypoxia promotes endothelial P-tau accumulation and vasotrophic uncoupling, impairing endothelial integrity. Additionally, we believe that a preventative PUFA-enriched diet blocks this uncoupling and subsequently prevents/delays neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. Male and female mice will be administered a control or novel PUFA-enriched dietary intervention 1 month prior to hypoxic injury using the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model. Mice will continue their diet and be assessed for cerebral blood flow, cognitive function, and motor function at 1- & 3-month time points. Following euthanasia, tissue samples from deep cortical regions and microvasculature will be examined for endothelial- & neuronal-specific P-tau accumulation, inflammation, and cell death. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary data in our lab indicates that hypoxia leads to a two-fold increase in endothelial P-tau accumulation and lowered mature BDNF (mBDNF) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) compared to controls. Further, BMECs cultured in media with the PUFA docasahexaenoic acid (DHA) had lowered P-tau and increased mBDNF after hypoxia compared to controls. Based on this data and past research, we anticipate that mice on the PUFA-enriched diet will have enhanced cognitive and motor function alongside improved cerebral blood flow compared to controls. Also, we expect that mice on our PUFA-enriched diet will have lowered tau pathology, cell death, and neuroinflammation alongside increased blood brain barrier integrity and altered fatty acid composition in brain and vascular tissue samples. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: An AHA Presidential Advisory identified cognitive function as modifiable through the management of cardiovascular risk factors, like diet. However, the mechanisms underlying the benefits of PUFA-enriched diets are unknown. Successful completion of these studies will provide insight into the vaso-neuronal protective effects of PUFAs in VCI.


Simulation models have proven to be useful. The AquaCrop model, which has been expanded by FAO, simulates crop yield based on the applied water under conditions of full and deficit irrigation levels. In this study, the AquaCrop model's performance was tested using data for silage maize (Zea mays L.) under full (100% fulfillment of ETc) and deficit irrigation levels (90, 80, 70, and 60% of full irrigation) in the arid and semiarid environment of central Iran in the Gavkhuni River Basin (GRB). To calibrate this model, we used physiological measurement sets of cropping seasons 2000 to 2002. AquaCrop simulated well the decrease of the biomass yield (B-yield) of silage maize in response to drought as happened in the field. B-yield was decreased by 9.9% under deficit irrigation as compared to fully irrigated conditions. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for simulation of B-yield and water productivity (WP) was 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. But the R 2 =0.77 was not satisfactory for actual evapotranspiration (ETa). The results for all investigated parameters in the three years showed that RMSE, d, ME, CRM, and E values ranged from 0.90% to 3.85%, 0.98 to 1, 1.25% to 6.4%, -0.027 to 0.03, and 0.817 to 100%, respectively. At the end, a local second-degree polynomial crop water production function (CWPF) for silage maize is presented.


The distally based neurocutaneous flaps have been popular for lower leg and foot reconstruction. On the basis of pre‐existing anatomic studies and clinical experiences, we designed a reversed superficial peroneal neurocutaneous island flap with the descending branch of the distal peroneal perforator as the pedicle. The flap is supplied through both axial perforator and longitudinal chain‐linked vascular plexuses. This modified neurocutaneous island flap, measuring around 5 cm × 4 cm to 12 cm × 13 cm in size, was transferred for coverage of foot soft‐tissue defects in 21 cases with a low complication rate. Compared to the original neurocutaneous flap, the rotation point of this flap is more distal and the pedicle is thinner. It could provide good texture and contour matching to the recipient area. In conclusion, the modified neurocutaneous island flap provides a reliable tool for repairing soft‐tissue defects of the ankle and foot. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.


Recently, textured polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics are widely researched because it provides superior properties compared to untextured ceramics and low processing costs compared to single crystals. TGG(Templated Grain Growth) and RTGG(Reactive-Templated Grain Growth) are the two significantly important methods to fabricate the target materials. In this paper, these two techniques are introduced, developments of TGG and RTGG so far are summarized and some proposals are suggested to the future research on them.


Nowadays, applications are developed for a variety of platforms, and even though developers
strive to cover as much of the potential market as possible, there are still a lot of problems
when it comes to the localization of the applications. Usually, a developer will support only
the majoritarian language in a country and will ignore other languages due to time and budget
constraints. It does not matter if it is a website or a mobile application, the amount of effort
that goes into the translation of them is equal. User requests on adding a particular language
are usually given low priority due to the small size of the user base that would use that
language as well as problems with the actual translation.
At the same moment we live in a time were crowdsourcing niche projects has become the
norm and user contributions are highly valued for these low-demand features. Crowdsourcing
is usually done for free, on a voluntary basis. Be it astronomy, ornithology or linguistics,
crowd's contributions can be vital in different fields.
When it comes to software translation, although there are many services on the field that
provide the developers a platform where users can contribute to the translation of the
application, most of them are closed sourced, paid or have strict limitations.
This goal of this project is to kickstart and maintain an open source crowd-sourced translation
platform. Going open source will not only allow any developer to use the service either as a
hosted solution or self-host it themselves, but it will also provide a natural means of attracting
new developers that might be interested in further developing the platform. The developers
will share their resource files and with the help of their users and other enthusiasts the
application will be translated to minority languages. The project's modular architecture
allows extending the application without having to change any internals.


: The conditions for producing layers with proper porosity that allows epitaxial growth of Si layers with the thickness of about 50 mm have been established. The relation-ship between the layer porosity, current density and substrate resistivity has been determined. The layers with porosity in the range between 5 % and 70 % have been obtained. The parameters of the CVD process have been established. Epitaxial silicon layers of high structural perfection and required electrical parameters have been obtained, which has been confirmed by the XRD and SR measurements as well as SEM observations.


Motivation FASTQ remains among the widely used formats for high-throughput sequencing data. Despite advances in specialized FASTQ compressors, they are still imperfect in terms of practical performance tradeoffs. Results We present a multi-threaded version of Pseudogenome-based Read Compressor (PgRC), an in-memory algorithm for compressing the DNA stream, based on the idea of building an approximation of the shortest common superstring over high-quality reads. The current version, v1.2, practically preserves the compression ratio and decompression speed of the previous one, reducing the compression time by a factor of about 4–5 on a 6-core/12-thread machine. Availability PgRC 1.2 can be downloaded from https://github.com/kowallus/PgRC. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com


The authors propose a state-based risk assessment methodology at the analysis and design stage of Software Development Life Cycle. First, a method is proposed to estimate the risk for various states of a component within a scenario and then, the risk for the whole scenario is estimated. The key data needed for risk assessment are complexity and severity. An Inter-Component State-Dependence Graph is introduced to estimate the complexity for a state of a component within a system. The severity for a component within a scenario is decided based on three hazard techniques: Functional Failure Analysis, Software Failure Mode and Effect Analysis and Software Fault Tree Analysis. The risk for a scenario is estimated based on the risk of interacting components in various states within the scenario and State COllaboration TEst Model of the scenario. Finally, the system risk is estimated based on two inputs: scenarios risks and Interaction Overview Diagram of the system. The methodology is applied on a Library Management System case study. An experimental comparative analysis is performed and observed that the testing team guided by our state-based risk assessment approach achieves high test efficiency compared with it with an existing component-based risk assessment approach.


................................................................................... 45 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 46 STUDY AREA ............................................................................... 49 METHODS ..................................................................................... 51 RESULTS ...................................................................................... 62 DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 68 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS ............................................. 80 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................... 81 vii 4. SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HABITAT USE AND SNOW CHARACTERISTICS: HOW COYOTES USE THE LANDSCAPE IN DEEP SNOW TERRAIN .................................... 96 ABSTRACT .................................................................................... 96 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 97 STUDY AREA ............................................................................. 101 METHODS ................................................................................... 103 RESULTS .................................................................................... 113 DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 119 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS ........................................... 129 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................. 130 5. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 150 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................. 154 6. APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 156 APPENDIX A .............................................................................. 157 APPENDIX B .............................................................................. 158 APPENDIX C .............................................................................. 159


??This study aims to analyze 'JuChe-Aesthetics' of North Korea with the comparison to Eastern European aesthetics, which can be said to form philosophical and aesthetic basis of Literature and Art Theory of North Korean Realism. This analysis also proceeds to compare the central categories in Literature and Art Theory of North Korean Realism with those of Eastern European's.
??Furthermore, the Research on JuChe-Aesthetics, a unique aesthetics of North Korea, would give the theoretical ground to explain aesthetic features of Literature and Art Theory of North Korean Realism and, eventually, help to understand theoretical differences in Ju-Che-Realism, a socialistic realism peculiar to North Korea from European, especially Eastern European, socialistic realism.


The Framework Plan applies to petroleum and maritime activities in the marine areas of the Arctic that entail a risk of oil pollution to the Arctic marine envioronment.


9 months after their amazing split with German post hardcore band MAHLSTROM, Brussel, Belgiums experimental down tempo sludge grunge hardcore ...


Multi-agent models for virtual reality and methods of construction for intelligent man-machine interface on their base are discussed. The main results are the development of human-machine interface on the base of virtual reality models for multi-agent robotic systems, assisting to neurosurgeon, computer animated agencies and for remote monitoring and multi-agent control of large territories and air zones.


It is much more difficult for people with visual impairments to plan and implement a journey to unknown places than for sighted people, because in addition to the usual travel arrangements, they also need to know whether the different parts of the travel chain are accessible at all. The need for information is presumably therefore very high and ranges from knowledge about the accessibility of public transport as well as outdoor and indoor environments. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that examines in-depth requirements of both the planning of a trip and its implementation, looking separately at the various special needs of people with low vision and blindness. In this paper, we present a survey with 106 people with visual impairments, in which we examine the strategies they use to prepare for a journey to unknown buildings, how they orient themselves in unfamiliar buildings and what materials they use. Our analysis shows that requirements for people with blindness and low vision differ. The feedback from the participants reveals that there is a large information gap, especially for orientation in buildings, regarding maps, accessibility of buildings and supporting systems. In particular, there is a lack of availability of indoor maps.


Objective: To analyze the basic characteristics and cost in hospital for all the discharged patients in the year 2005 in order to put up some ideas to control the cost in hospital for patients with tuberculosis(TB).Methods: 2975 cases' basic data such as age,hospital day,cost,and so on were descriptively analyzed.Results: The mean age of the sample was 44.93 years old,and patients with tuberculosis of larynx were older than others.The mean hospital day was 32.47 days,and patients with bone tuberculosis had the longer hospital day.The mean cost was 8213.63RMB per person,and those retired who had health insurance had the highest cost.Conclusion: The middle and the youth are the main population of TB;The Children,retired,and patients with bone TB have longer hospital day;Patients with tuberculous meningitis and bone TB have highest cost.


The hope of ordering collective purposes through rational speech stretches back to the earliest historical attempts at theorizing political practice. Public reason has been a particularly prominent theme in political theory for the last decade and is central to discussions of deliberative democracy. Recent work on public reason is motivated by the belief that contemporary political procedures lack adequate norms and spaces for public engagement in intelligent, informative civic debate sensitive to deep differences in values. Fred Frohock's thought-provoking book covers much familiar ground, yet it also contributes a number of key ideas and a dose of realism to a research program now in a stage of self-criticism.


This paper analyzes the actuality of the supply and demand of OXO international market and forecasts the supply and demand of OXO in future world; analyzes the actuality of the supply and consumption of domestic OXO and forecasts the demand in future domestic market while combining current OXO devices which are being built and proposed through various forecast methods; estimates the economic benefit of OXO device through quantitative analysis and also analyzes the key factors that influence its economy; aiming at current investment fever to domestic OXO development. In conclusion, we state that the supply and demand of world OXO in next 5~10 years will further focus on Asia and it is the peak time to invest and construct OXO devices in China in the past 3 and next 5 years with large increase of production capacity in short term. The market demand in China will change from "supply falls short of demand" now to "both supply and demand are basically balanced" in about 2015, so the high profits during 2007~2008 are hard to reappear in short term, but there is still certain feasibility for investing OXO devices economically. Key wordss—n-Butyl Alcohol, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol, market, Investment,Economic Analysis


awe embarkedonanefforttobetterdefinethesubjectarea,initiate amultidisciplinaryfocusonthistopicwithintheSchoolofPublic Health, and mobilize leaders to advance patient advocacy's aims,scope,andreach.Overtheyears,wehavecometosee patientadvocacyasapracticeaimedatimprovinghealthcare quality and access, particularly with regard to patient-centeredness and patientsafety,byadvancingthepatient's perspective. The methods of patient advocacy are varied. They encompass everything from interventions that target individual empowerment and betterpatient-providercommunication topolicydevelopmenteffortsthatcan improve health care delivery and design. Its practitioners vary as well, from patients and family members to health care providers, hospital administrators, researchers, and policymakers. This broad definition of patientadvocacywasnotimmediately apparenttousbutratherevolvedovertimeafterreflectionand research with colleagues from a wide range of backgrounds. Here we recount this process to document major ideas, te nsions,andtraditionsthathaveshapedtheevolutionofthis fieldandtogiveacontextforthecommentariesinthisissueof theJournal. Twomajorinfluencesguidedourworkfromthebeginning: (1)theideasandactionsofouradvocatecolleagues,and(2) conceptsputforthinapairofseminalreportsbytheInstitute ofMedicineoftheNationalAcademies(IOM),ToErrisHuman: BuildingaSaferHealthSystem (2000)andCrossingtheQuality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century (2001). Together,thesebookspointtopatient-centeredcareasstarting andendingpointsforimprovingthequalityofcaredelivered withinournation'shealthcaresystem.


In a cognitive linguistic approach and through comparison between Chinese and English, this paper discusses"correlative sememe group(CSG)", a phenomenon which exists universally in human languages. It argues that the theory of CSG is founded on a cognitive basis. Issues such as relation between CSG and meaning extension, analogical principle, and universality of CSG are also discussed.


The cyanophages are double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds-DNA) viruses, infecting cyanobacteria which are the first oxygenic photosynthesizers and significant nitrogen fixers of the biosphere. The evolutionary findings of the cyanophages do not truly reflect their actual time of origin. They show extreme diversification in morphology, habitat, host range and molecular attributes. They infect and establish an association with the cyanobacterial cells through one of the two modes of multiplication, that is, lytic or lysogenic type which might be dependent upon the environmental signals, such as nutritional status, the presence of any pathogenic condition and the relative concentration of either the control of repressor's operator/clear 1 (Cro/CI) protein that embody the bistable genetic switched regulators that are responsible to a large extent for the functioning of any of the above cycle. Various environmental factors that affect the stability and sustenance of the phages were meticulously reviewed. Genetic exchange and gene shuffling might be responsible for the enormous structural, functional, ecological and molecular diversity of the cyanophages. The cyanophages maintain the ecological equilibrium by keeping the nutrient cycling and microbial diversity at an appropriate level. Therefore, this review covers all the known, lesser acknowledged facets related to phage biology and clearly emphasizes the need for advanced molecular studies on the cyanophage-cyanobacterial association.

 Key words: Cyanophage, cyanobacteria, cyanophages-cyanobacterial interaction.


The group service program 52 Period 79 raised the potential of Pulutan Village and divided this potential into 3 aspects: (1) Agricultural Potential, (2) Processing Industry Potential, and (3) Natural Tourism Potential, as well as a pocketbook work program on the topic of Production and Cassava Chips Distribution. The results of the two programs are in the form of e-books and videos. The program objectives, such as the development of an urban farming system and the production and distribution of cassava chips, are in line with the vision and mission implemented by Pulutan Village. The mission of Pulutan Village is to create an orderly, cultured village towards a society that is competitive, advanced, independent, and prosperous. This program can increase the productivity of citizens, broaden residents' insights, and support the welfare of residents. The program is expected to inspire the people of Pulutan Village to develop the potential of their village. The method used in data search is through cultural studies via the internet and discussions with groups. For data processing, we carry out documentation from studies that we have obtained from the internet. The results of this service program are the development of urban farming techniques, development of agritourism, innovation of processed peanut products, and processed potato chips production and distribution. It is hoped that from this program, residents of Pulutan Village and readers will gain insight into the development of a village.Keywords — agriculture, production, distribution


Heparin was discovered 90 years ago,1 and within 2 decades it was being widely used as an anticoagulant.2 The numerous advantages of heparin lend to its broad use including its immediate onset of action, relatively short half-life ( 60 minutes), simple laboratory monitoring (aPTT), ability to be reversed (using protamine), and low cost. Despite a long experience of using heparin, the counterintuitive notion that an anticoagulant could be intensely prothrombotic took almost 4 decades to become recognized. Our understanding of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) has increased considerably and to a large measure exemplifies the best of translational research. Sometimes, basic studies investigating the pathophysiology of HIT lead to clinical insights. In other instances, clinical observations prompted basic studies. Together, these basic and applied investigations have dramatically enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of HIT.


The use of groundwater as a source of irrigation is one alternative in meeting water needs of plants. Using groundwater for irrigation requires a high cost because of the discharge that can be taken is limited. In addition, the use of large groundwater can cause environmental damage and social conflict. To minimize costs, maintain quality of the environment and to prevent social conflicts, it is necessary to innovate in the groundwater taking system. The study was conducted with an innovation of using parallel wells. Performance is measured by comparing parallel wells with a single well. The results showed that the use of parallel wells to meet the water needs of rice plants and increase the pump discharge up to 100%. In addition, parallel wells can reduce the influence radius of taking of groundwater compared to single well so as to prevent social conflict. Thus, the use of parallel wells can support the achievement of the use of groundwater for sustainable irrigation.


Besides timber and economic benefits, forest ecosystems provide other ecosystem services related to biological diversity and environmental functions of forests. Assessing some of the ecosystem services, which can be an indicator of forest quality at a landscape level requires the use of geospatial technology to achieve it. The aim of this work is to develop a forest performance index at the landscape level for mangrove forests. Several ecosystem services were identified and selected as indicators. The target value was set for each indicator and calculated into percentage value, which indicates progression to the target value, combined from field and geospatial data. The forest performance index was then produced by combining all indicators to get an overall performance of one particular forest area with respect to the target. The index was developed and tested at one of the best managed mangrove forests in the world, which is Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) in Perak. Based on the index that has been developed, the forest quality of MMFR, which consists of 19 forest reserves, is classified as good forest with an overall score of 72 percent. Pulau Kecil and Telok Kertang forest reserves have shown a very good forest quality with an overall score over 80 percent. Other 17 forest reserves in MMFR shown good forest quality with a ranged index of 68.8 to 78.4 percent. This work can be a tool for assessing forest quality at landscape level for decision support in sustainable landscape management and can be applied on other regions.


With the development of computer networks,great importance has been attached to the security of networks,which involve various aspects such as network crimes,security test and security precautions etc.The article,through analyzing these aspects,aims at exploring theoretically the security technology of network information.


This paper presents the results of a series of experimental field tests conducted on a continuous three-span trapezoidal steel box-girder highway bridge during construction. Concentrated loads were applied to the bridge using a construction crane. Permanent metal-deck forms were affixed directly to the top flanges using powder-actuated fasteners. Forces were measured in top-lateral truss bracing before and after application of the metal decking. Measured forces are compared with finite-element predictions using an equivalent flat-plate approximation to model the decking.


High temperature metallurgical reaction kinetics have been the subject of study for many years [1, 2]. However, for most of that time such studies, whilst presenting a stimulating intellectual challenge to academic researchers, have been considered to offer no more than an insight into the behaviour of industrial processes. However, in recent years hope has been expressed, regarding the emergence of kinetics as a discipline with quantitative application, much as thermodynamics has been for several decades [3]. Indeed, there has been notable recent success in process modelling of real plant data, based on a fundamental kinetic approach [4]. The current paper will discuss two fundamental studies from the author's laboratory and the way in which they have been applied in modelling process behaviour. Kinetics of Slag Gas Reactions Carbon injection into slag has been used in smelting reduction and in slag foaming in the electric arc furnace (EAF). To develop a proper model of such a process it is important to understand the mechanism and possible rate determining steps for reaction between individual carbon particles and slag. A number of researchers have suggested that when a carbon particle reacts with oxidising slag, a CO/CO2 halo forms around the particle [5, 6] requiring individual gas/slag and gas/carbon reactions for reduction to proceed. Given the relatively thin halo and the rapid nature of gas phase mass transport, it is likely that such either the gas/slag, gas/carbon reactions or transport in the slag will be rate determining. It has been reported that for low iron oxide slags the latter controls and for higher iron oxide, one or other of the chemical reactions is rate determining. The gas carbon reaction has been well studied [7] as has the slag gas reaction [8]. However, in the latter case, workers had been previously unable to offer a theoretical explanation that would explain all of the observed phenomena. Barati and Coley [11], employed the isotope exchange technique pioneered in the Metallurgical field by Belton and co-workers [8-10], to develop a data set covering a wide range of slag and gas composition. These workers found, in agreement with previous researchers [8-10], that the rate of reaction could be described by Equation 1 and the apparent rate constant represented by Equation 2. v = ka (pCO2 – pCO aO) (1) ka = ka o (aO) –n (2) The value of the parameter n has been found to lie between 0.5 and 1, and it has proved problematic to justify the range of this and effect of basicity and FeO concentration on ka o . The primary reason for the discrepancy in n is the assumption that reaction must proceeds via


The aim of this study is to identify the effects of adult taekwondo trainees' mentor experience on exercise commitment. 250 adult taekwondo trainees...


[Objective] The paper was to explore the optimum dosage and application pattern of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Potato Verticillium wilt.[Method] Two trials,sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure,sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure + root irrigation after seedling emergence,were conducted in the paper.[Result] T.harzianum could effectively control potato early dying and promote potato growth,thereby increasing potato yield.The control effects of sowing tuber in 300 times of bacterial manure + root irrigation with 300 times of conidia suspension after seedling emergence were ideal;the highest control effect and the highest saved yield loss were 72.60% and 33.33%,respectively.[Conclusion] The paper provides reference for field application of T.harzianum.


In reliability analysis, the system mathematical representation development is an important step. All mathematical models can be divided into two groups depending on a number of analyzed system performance levels in point of view of reliability analysis: Binary-State System (BSS) and Multi-State System (MSS). Only two performance levels as failure and functioning are considered in BSS. MSS allows considering and evaluation more than only two states. The representation of the system as MSS permits to implement reliability examination in more details but has higher complexity. There are various types of the mathematical representation of a system for BSS and MSS that depends on the mathematical approach used for system reliability evaluation (i.e. mathematical approach for the calculation of reliability indices and measures). The structure function is one of the possible mathematical representations of MSS. New algorithm for structure function construction is considered in this paper. This algorithm is based on the minimization of the structure function truth table, taking into account the principle of orthogonalization. The formed minimal truth table is transformed into Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams (MDD) directly. MDD is used for analysis of extensive dimension data in Algebra Logic (Multiple-Valued Logic). MDDs have been successfully used in reliability computation due to their compact and easy representation of structure function.


S-Bridged pentanuclear complexes [{Rh(aet)3}2(HgCl2)3] (1) and [{M(aet)3}2Hg3(NO3)4]2+ (M = Rh(III), 2 and Co(III), 3) were newly prepared by the reaction of fac(S)-[M(aet)3] with HgCl2 or Hg(NO3)2; where aet denotes 2-aminoethanethiolate. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. These complexes consist of two fac(S)-[M(aet)3] subunits, three Hg atoms, six chlorides (for 1) or nitrates (for 2), and water molecules, in which the configuration of the five metals is an approximately regular trigonal-bipyramid. Each Hg atom in these complexes takes a highly distorted tetrahedral geometry. There are three kinds of nitrates in [{Rh(aet)3}2Hg3(NO3)4](NO3)2, bridged bidentate, monodentate, and anion. Both 1 and 2 possess a novel chirality due to the helical structures of three Rh–S–Hg–S–Rh chains. Although 1 was insoluble in water, 2 and 3 were optically resolved by fractional precipitation. These complexes were characterized by their absorption, CD, and NMR spectra. The coo...


Minangkabau language (ML) is one of the daily communication tools used by the people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. ML is a challenge in communicating. The ML language translation process is necessary to facilitate communication. This study aims to build a translation system for ML into Indonesian by developing the concept of natural language processing (NLP). NLP development adopts the performance of morphology-based Minangkabau language stemming algorithm (MLSA) which can separate basic words with affixes and endings. The research dataset adopts 600 basic ML words sourced from the big Minangkabau dictionary. The results of this study provide analytic output that can translate ML into Indonesian well. These results are presented based on the testing process on basic word input with an accuracy rate of 97.16% and based on text documents of 91.65%. Thus, the MLSA performance process presents the accuracy of the translation process. Based on these results, this research contributes to developing a stemming algorithm model in carrying out the process of removing prefixes, inserts, and suffixes in the Minangkabau language. Overall, this research can be useful as a tool for translating the ML into Indonesian.


Abstract The plant Baliospermum montanum was found to produce hydroxynitrile lyases (HNL) during a screen for the enzyme among fruits in markets and plant specimens obtained from a botanical garden. The enzymatic properties of the S-stereoselective HNL have been characterized using purified enzyme from the leaves of B. montanum and an Escherichia coli transformant expressing the enzyme. We determined the structure of BmHNL by X-ray crystallography and successfully engineered BmHNL to have H103C and N156G double mutants on the basis of its structure, molecular dynamics simulation with the substrate, and speculation on the reaction mechanism. The specific activity of the BmHNL H103C/N156G mutant was improved to 154 U/mg from 52 U/mg as compared with BmHNL wild type for (S)-mandelonitrile production, and the enantiomeric excess of (S)-mandelonitrile produced by the double mutant was increased to 93% from 55% compared with the BmHNL wild type. The double mutant is suitable for (S)-mandelonitrile synthesis, im...


Level set method is a powerful method in solving the curve evolution problem. Especially it is topologically adaptable. In the level set method, the front tracing is an important step, for it influences the next evolution step. The marching square algorithm is often used in the front tracing, but the algorithm has some redundancy in the calculation. In the paper, according to the property of the image, a modified algorithm was proposed. The modified algorithm has less redundancy. The experiment proves that the new algorithm is easy for implementation.


Waste lignocellulose materials, such as brewers' spent grain, can be considered very promising sources of fillers for the manufacturing of natural fiber composites. Nevertheless, due to the chemical structure differences between polymer matrices and brewers' spent grain, filler treatment should be included. The presented work aimed to investigate the impact of fillers' reactive extrusion on the chemical structure and the poly(e-caprolactone)/brewers' spent grain composites' mechanical performance. The chemical structure was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while the mechanical performance of composites was assessed by static tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. Depending on the filler pretreatment, composites with different mechanical properties were obtained. Nevertheless, the increase in pretreatment temperature resulted in the increased interface surface area of filler, which enhanced composites' toughness. As a result, composites were able to withstand a higher amount of stress before failure. The mechanical tests also indicated a drop in the adhesion factor, pointing to enhanced interfacial interactions for higher pretreatment temperatures. The presented work showed that reactive extrusion could be considered an auspicious method for lignocellulose filler modification, which could be tailored to obtain composites with desired properties.


Detection of the rotational objects in arbitrary position, using vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), is studied in this paper. In addition to the traditional linear Doppler shift, the rotational Doppler shift in OAM-based radar system can provide more detailed features of the object. Firstly, the Doppler detection model in OAM-based radar system is established, the linear Doppler and rotational Doppler frequency shifts are derived and verified. Subsequently, the detection method of rotational object using vortex EM waves, including an effective linear and rotational Doppler separation and a motion parameter estimation method, is proposed. Theoretical and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and more detailed rotational parameters can be obtained by using vortex EM waves in OAM-based radar system, compared to the method using plane waves in conventional radar system.


This special focus on the rights of children under the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children's Charter) is the second instalment of dedicated articles to mark 30 years since the adoption of the African Children's Charter in 1990. Along with articles published in the first edition of the Special Focus in the second issue of the African Human Rights Law Journal in 2020, the articles in this issue highlight the pertinent contributions of the Charter to key child rights developments and shaping of the child rights discourse in the African region.


In this paper, design and simulation of a Multi DoF (Degree of Freedom) Vibratory Gyroscope is presented. Most of the available gyroscopes are vibratory gyroscopes due to their design and fabrication simplicity. But the performance of these devices is highly sensitive to device operating conditions, fabrication imperfections, and environmental effects. As a solution to this, Multi DoF vibratory gyroscopes have been introduced. The Multi DoF system proposed here consists of 2 DoF drive and sense mode vibrations. During the design procedure of the system, structural parameters are optimized to obtain a constant amplitude flat operational frequency region with a wider bandwidth. In addition to that Dynamic Amplification increases the sensitivity. Drive mode forced vibration is actuated electrostatically and suspension structure was chosen to minimize the quadrature error. The device uses capacitive sensing to measure angular velocity. Further, SOI(Silicon on Insulator) based fabrication process is proposed to fabricate the 4 DoF vibratory gyroscope.


The invention relates to a creatine phosphate sodium freeze-dried preparation and a method for preparing the same. The mass ratio of creatine phosphate sodium to an excipient in the creatine phosphate sodium freeze-dried preparation is 1: 0.05 to 1: 20. The method for preparing the creatine phosphate sodium freeze-dried preparation comprises the steps of: adding active carbon to a solution containing the creatine phosphate sodium and the excipient, stirring, removing pyrogen, then filtering, decarburizing, filtering again, degerming, and packing filtrate in a split charging manner to obtain the creatine phosphate sodium freeze-dried preparation after freeze drying. The preparation, indicated by solubility tests, influencing factor tests, accelerating tests and long term stability tests, has the advantages of quick solution velocity and good stability, compared with the conventional creatine phosphate sodium powdery preparation. In addition, the freeze-dried preparation is produced in a relatively closed environment and the security of products is more reliable.


With the development of Industry 4.0, in order to meet the needs of intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery in the industrial field, this paper developed a fault diagnosis system for rotating machinery based on deep learning and wavelet transform methods. The system is based on the Python language and mainly combines the PyQt graphical interface framework and the TensorFlow machine learning framework to complete the training requirements for historical or online fault data, and perform online monitoring and diagnosis of equipment operating conditions. The diagnostic accuracy of the system test results is more than 95%, the software interface is friendly, the algorithm generalization ability is good, and the reliability is strong. It provides guidance for the diagnosis of rotating machinery.


The Space Food Systems group develops recipes and sample meals for testing, as well as designing containers and packaging appropriate for long-term storage.


There has been a considerable research effort over the last 10 years or so developing and implementing in service practice, psychosocial interventions for the psychoses. In this special section we anticipate developments over the next few years in three key areas: their range of application, new theoretical models and implementation in the community care context. Six topic areas are focused upon - substance misuse co-morbidity, manic depression, cognitive therapy, family intervention, early intervention and models of community care - and we have sought contributions from those who are working at the `leading edge' in these areas. The result is a fascinating glimpse into this rapidly developing field; and what unites them is a firm focus upon the person with psychosis as an active agent searching for meaning and control over psychosis and the survival of the self.


Elderly adults have reduced appetite and energy expenditure, and possible malnutrition is related to the decline in biological and physiological functions, as well as its consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and malnutrition risk in elderly adults living in a senior residence. A cross-sectional observational analysis was carried out between February and March 2019 in a private senior residence in which the complete Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was applied. It was observed that of the total of 45 participants, 5 individuals had a normal nutritional status, 18 had malnutrition and 22 were at risk. Malnutrition was related to a decrease in intake in the last 3 months (p=0.015) or to the fact that they experienced some type of psychological stress or acute illness in the same period (p=0.023). A higher incidence of malnutrition was also found in bedridden individuals or those in wheelchairs (p<0.001), as well as in patients with severe dementia (p=0.010), with the presence of skin lesions or bedsores (p=0.006), weight loss in the previous 3 months (p=0.003), and decreased fluid consumption (p=0.017). In conclusion, in this residence we verified that the malnutrition and malnutrition risk values are high, highlighting the need for nutritional intervention. Keywords: Elderly adults, Malnutrition, Nutrition assessment, Nutritional status


This paper describes the structure, incentives, assessments, and results of a course in common-pool resource management (CPRM) that can be run in 8 weeks with 15-30 students. The course structure helps students learn about the complexity of CPRM by grouping students into "too large" groups where coordination will be difficult as well as tasking those groups to find and address a local CPRM problem. This "play within a play" structure creates numerous opportunities for feedback, adjustment and reflection as students apply theory to real challenges. Examples, data and results from three iterations of the course will help readers appreciate different potential outcomes from this design.


A series of Mn-doped ordered mesoporous ceria–silica composites was synthesized by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a soft template under ammonia basic conditions. After template removal, Mn-doped mesoporous ceria–silica composites were thoroughly characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, which revealed highly ordered 2D-hexagonal (p6m) framework. Other techniques such as wide-angle X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis with energy-dispersive spectrometry mapping, inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry, ultraviolet–visible spectrometry, and 29Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR were used to show the effect of Mn incorporation into the ceria–silica composites. The electronic states of the surface Mn and Ce species were also investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These Mn-doped mesoporous ceria–silica composites were successfully reduced under a flowing H2/N2 gas mixture at an elevated temperature w...


Abstract In order to further advance research within auditing and ERP systems, an understanding of what research has already been done and what research is needed is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to uncover, classify and interpret current research within auditing and ERP systems. This is done partly to identify research gaps and propose directions for future research and partly to guide researchers and practitioners investigating and making decisions on how to better synthesize the two areas. This study also tries to examine how and to which extent the implementation of ERP systems in the organizations affect audit procedures and auditors' roles. The outcome of the review is an identification of research gaps and a proposal of research opportunities within different research paradigms and with the use of different methods. Key words : ERP systems, Auditing, IS Auditors-Financial Auditors, IS Audit, Internal-External Control. 1. Introduction Of all the business changes that have occurred throughout the history, the most explosive has been related to information technology (IT). IT has become increasingly complex. The explosive growth in IT includes computer hardware, databases, networks, telecommunications, the Internet, extranets, e-commerce, client-server architecture, data warehouses, integrated accounting systems software such as ERP software, automated reasoning systems and neural networks software (Cerullo and Cerullo 2003). The implementation of information systems helps companies have more and better information available to them, delivered much faster than before and has a tremendous impact on information management and business process redesign (Davenport, 1998). ERP systems are defined as "information systems packages that integrate information and information–based processes within and across functional areas in


The organum vascuolsum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) contains a specialized group of neurons that can sense changes in extracellular NaCl concentrations to alter body fluid homeostasis and arterial blood pressure (ABP). Acute excitation of these neurons with hypertonic NaCl produces a sympathetically‐mediated increase in ABP. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic activation of OVLT neurons produces hypertension. Rats were instrumented with telemetry devices and received an OVLT‐targeted injection of rAAV2‐hSyn‐HM4D(Gi)‐mCherry (3×1012 particles/mL, 50nL). Animals were returned to home cages to recover for 4 weeks with access to 0.1% NaCl chow and 0.9% NaCl drinking solution. After a 3‐day recording of baseline ABP and heart rate, clozapine‐N‐oxide was added to the 0.9% drinking solution for 7 days to produce a daily dose of ~3 mg/kg body weight. The concentration of the clozapine‐N‐oxide was adjusted daily to account for changes in fluid intake. Administration of clozapine‐N‐oxide to OVLT‐HM4D(Gi)‐expressing rats significantly increased 24‐h fluid intake from baseline to Day 7 (60±10 vs 178±29mL; n=4, P<0.01). Chronic activation of OVLT neurons significantly increased 24‐h mean ABP from baseline values versus Day 7 (97±2 vs 106±1 mmHg; n=4, P<0.05). Heart rate decreased from baseline values versus Day 7 (385±14 vs 330±26 bpm; n=4, P<0.05). Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium (30 mg/kg, ip) produced a greater fall in mean ABP at Day 7 versus baseline values (baseline: −38±6 mmHg vs −53±5 mmHg; n=4, P<0.05). In addition, chronic activation of OVLT neurons increased 24‐h systolic blood pressure variability, calculated by the SD of systolic blood pressure, from baseline values versus Day 7 (9.1±0.4 vs 11.2±0.3 mmHg, P<0.05). Collectively, these observations suggest the chronic activation of OVLT neurons produces profound changes in body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation as reflected by 3x‐increase in fluid intake, a sympathetically‐mediated hypertension, and an increase in systolic blood pressure variability.


BSML is a ML based language designed to code Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) algorithms. It allows an estimation of execution time, avoids deadlocks and non-determinism. BSML proposes an extension of ML programming with a small set of primitives. One of these primitives, called parallel superposition, allows the parallel composition of two BSP programs. Nevertheless, its past implementation used system threads and have unjustified limitations. This paper presents a new implementation of this primitive based on a continuation-passing-style (CPS) transformation guided by a flow analysis. To test it and show its usefulness, we also have implemented the OCamlP3l algorithmic skeletons and compared their efficiencies with the original ones.


Over the years, the hydrotreating process has been considerably improved in order to facilitate the production of environmentally friendly diesel fuels by reducing sulphur and aromatics concentrations, as mandated by contemporary emissions regulations. In this study, different kinetic models for the hydrodearomatisation reaction and the influence of reaction rate on performance of the industrial trickle bed reactor for hydrotreating of gas oil and light cycle oil fractions were analysed. The impact on reactor temperature, catalyst wetting efficiency, and conversion of sulphur and aromatics were determined. The results of simulations were compared with experimental data from an industrial test run and the best model for the observed process is proposed. Reactor performance and overall efficiency of the process is strongly dependent on the kinetics of hydrodearomatisaton with respect to aromatics conversion but even more so with respect to the temperature increase in the reactor, which affects all key catalytic reaction parameters, catalyst wetting efficiency, and thus the sulphur conversion. Based on the obtained simulation results, it could be concluded that reactor performance is strongly dependent on the hydrodearomatisation reaction. The best predictions of outlet temperature as well as sulphur and aromatic conversion (deviation from the experimental value 0.87 K, 0.01% and 2.57%, respectively) are achieved with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model proposed by Owusu-Boakye.


The phosphodiester metal ion complexes (ethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphato)pentaammineiridium(III) and bis(4-nitrophenyl phosphato)pentaammineiridium(III) have been synthesized and their reactivities under basic conditions studied. Both complexes react predominantly via intramolecular attack of a deprotonated coordinated ammonia to liberate 4-nitrophenolate ion. The rate constant for intramolecular attack of amido ion is enhanced considerably relative to the reactivity of the uncoordinated substrate under the same conditions


We show that a recent claim of huge kaon loop corrections to the electric dipole amplitude in neutral pion photoprodcution at threshold is incorrect. The difference between the two and three flavor chiral perturbation theory calculation is marginal and thus previous claims of a good understanding of this reaction remain valid.


Dissociation of the amide proton from several substituted 1-benzoylaminonaphthalenes has been studied in 70%(v/v) Me2SO-H2O in the presence of buffers and hydroxide ion. The acidity varies over 7 pK units depending on the substituent. 1,8-Bis(benzoylamino)naphthalene and 1,8-bis(4-nitrobenzoylamino)naphthalene are, respectively, 3 and 5.5 pK units more strongly acidic than 1-benzoylaminonaphthalene. The kinetics of the ionisation of 1,8-bis(benzoylamino) naphthalene has been studied in the presence of buffers. Proton removal from the amide by 4-chlorophenolate and 2-bromophenolate ions occurs with rate coefficients of 1.66 × 107 and 0.58 × 107 dm3 mol–1 s–1 respectively and, in the reverse direction the values of the rate coefficients for protonation of the amide anion by the phenols are 1.27 × 107 and 2.8 × 107 dm3 mol–1 s–1, respectively. The values are lower than those expected for amide ionisation and possible explanations are discussed.


Background: It is not known in our studies that compare metallic stents (SM) and plastic stents (SP) in the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction. Patients and Methods: Retrospective trial of 80 patients treated in Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica el Rosario between January 2002 and June 2008. Forty patients received a PS and 40 patients were treated with MS. Results. In this study, 48 men (60%) and 32 women (median 66±6 years) with inoperable malignant distal common bile duct strictures were evaluated. Clinical success was equal for two groups (92%). Hospital stay was significantly smaller for patients with MS than the patients with PS (CI 95% 1.6-7.2, p<0.01) Recurrent biliary obstruction was noted in 19 of 40 (47.5%) patients of PS and 27 of 108 (25%) patients of MS. The median first stent patency was longer in the metal group than in the plastic stent group (CI 95% 41.1-90.8, p<0.01). Early complications occurred in 5% of MS and 12.5% of patients with PS (p=0.4), later complications were seen in 42.5% of PS and 30% of MS (p=0.3) Median survival time after stent insertion was 159.4±9.4 days for PS and 189.5±7.6 days for MS (p=0.07). Conclusions. Plastic and metal stents are effective in the treatment of inoperable distal malignant obstruction, but compared with plastic stent, metal stents had better permeability, lower hospital stay, lower procedures for complications and equal survival.


In order to reduce the sensitivity of wavelength-temperature dependence for fiber Bragg grating(FBG),we demonstrate an innovative temperature compensation method.Through packaging a thinner silica-cladding FBG with a quartz glass tube,in which the liquid with certain refractive index and negative thermo-optic coefficient,acting as ambient cladding,is filled,the temperature stability of Bragg wavelength shift is enhanced by utilizing the characteristic of Bragg wavelength blue shift,which is caused by the thermo-optic effect of ambient cladding liquid,to compensate the wavelength red shift resulting from the thermal expansion of fiber and its thermo-optic effect.In the temperature range from 25℃to 55℃,the coefficient of 0.002 2nm/℃is achieved,which means the temperature insensitivity is enhanced by more than 5times and the feasibility of this kind of temperature compensation method is verified simultaneously.Further theoretical and experimental researches also demonstrate that the temperature stability of Bragg wavelength can be enhanced through decreasing the silica-cladding thickness or selecting the liquid with larger refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient.Compared with the conventional compensation method,the innovative method is easy to operate and avoids the chirps of FBG in packaging and curing process,which will supply guides for the functional applications of FBG in fiber sensing and communications.


In this study, the six phenolic compounds, such as kaempherol, catechin, glucodistylin, aglimonolide-6-O-glucoside and quercitrin from the extract of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb inhibited nitrite accumulation as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 4-ethyl-2-hydroxyamino-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR3) as an NO donor was used in the presence of these compounds and the nitrite level then decreased, indicating that these compounds would potentially have nitrogen radical scavenging activity. An electron spin resonance (ESR) study of the NO generating system containing NOR3 and 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO) as an NO detection reagent with or without the compound provided evidence that these compounds, such as catechin, glucodistylin and hyperin, directly scavenged NO and that the presence of a catechol group on the B ring in the molecule is responsible for the NO scavenging activity. All of the tested phenolic compounds suppressed the iNOS induction in LPS-stimulated cells. Particularly, the suppression of iNOS protein expression by hyperin and quercitrin was distinct among in the examined compounds. This study demonstrated that the compounds can decrease the level of NO in the cells through involving both a decrease in NO production and a nitrogen radical-scavenging effect.


Fig 2 Sleep during the day. The increase inplasma testosterone reverses the normal diurnal trend Discussion These data support the observation of a morning peak of plasma testosterone and suggest an association of individual fluctuations in testosterone level with periods of REM sleep. The function of testosterone fluctuations is not yet known. It is possible that this change will relate to the penile erections and sexual fantasy of dreams during REM sleep. Alternatively it is suggested that testosterone has an anabolic role in the physiological changes of REM sleep which involves brain protein synthesis (Oswald 1969). Further studies have been designed to test these hypotheses.


Based on the symbiotic mechanisms of frozen-ground and marshes,using large-scale mapping,drilling for soil strata and plant investigations,the effect of broad valley landform on the formation of marshes in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains was studied.It is found that the broad valley has a cube-type structure in landform,and has several important eco-environmental functions.Surface water,including meltwater from snow and ice and thawing water from frozen soil,converges into the valley bottom from both sides,forming a multi-sources water supply to the marshes.Cold environment is characterized by high latitude,high elevation,frequently freezing-thawing on the ground surface and in the near surface layers,as a result,extensive presence of frozen soil and permafrost.This cold and moist environment is conducive to the development of marshes,which can generally be classified into four vegetation types: bush,grass,moss and forest marshes.However,in the middle part of the broad valley,Larix genelini fails the constitutive role in the communities owing to its degradation;the marshes do no belong to forest marshes in the Da Xinggan Mountains as classified in the past.Instead,the marshes generally belong to the shrub-,meadow-and moss-dominated ones.Climate analyses show that the study regions should belong to subfrigid zone.The marsh flora has some characters similar to that in alpine-arctic regions.The occurrence of tundra marshes,seasonally frost mounds and palsas are rather localized.Overall,the marshes in the broad valley display the features of those under sub-arctic climate and in environment.


The cell wall and ribosomes of Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830, a vitamin B12-requiring organism, have been shown to inhibit the cobamide coenzyme-dependent propanediol hydro-lyase (EC 18.104.22.168) reaction. A B12-binder (polypeptide) of the wall was isolated and purified as a B12-polypeptide complex (4). The complex, when treated with an alkaline solution, resulted in detachment of B12 from the polypeptide. The free polypeptide, upon neutralization, could bind B12 again and cobamide coenzyme as well, thus capable of inhibiting the enzyme reaction. Comparison was also made of this polypeptide with a hog intrinsic factor preparation in the inhibition.


Patient: Female, 49 Final Diagnosis: Behcet's syndrome (with anterior uveitis) Symptoms: Ocular problems: redness • tearing • severe pain • photophobia • blurred vision Medication: Synbiotic supplementation Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics Objective: Rare disease Background: To relieve the signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis (AU), an ocular manifestation of Behcet's syndrome, we prescribed a synbiotic supplementation (probiotics and prebiotics) for a 49-year-old woman. Case Report: Seven strains of bacteria – Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, each 108 colony-forming units (CFU) – and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS; 100 mg) were given as a capsule 2 times per day. After 7-month treatment, AU was improved and serum inflammatory markers – C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), and estimated sedimentation rate (ESR) – were suppressed. Now, if a mild AU attack occurs, the problem is resolved by treatment with 1 gtt (from the Latin "guttae", meaning drops) eye drop (prednisolone 1%) for 1 week. Conclusions: Synbiotic supplementation may contribute to treating AU, which is one of the most disastrous manifestations of BS, by controlling the proinflammatory processes.


Health, one of the core topics of the journal, is becoming more and more intertwined with technology. This trend will only continue as we move in the era of personalised healthcare, where our genetic, behavioural and environmental factors will play an important role in generating individual phenotypes and targeted therapies. Technology in general and monitoring technology in particular will help transform current healthcare by providing unprecedented insights into aspects of human behaviour and its interplay with the environmental factors. Miniaturisation of sensing devices and their unobtrusiveness is contributing to this trend. Human behaviour has been traditionally difficult to understand, relying on subjective, self-reported information, while being a crucial factor in disease diagnosis and treatment, particularly for mental disorders [1], [2]. As such, the journal will seek to address the use of technology in diverse areas of healthcare, including the following broad topics:


In previous investigations concerning the ability of serum to dissolve crystals of protamine insulin it was concluded that plasmin was the only protaminase. Nephelometric methods of measurements of the speed of destruction of the crystals were employed partly to measure the fibrinolytic activity of the blood.The present work consists of further investigations concerning the protaminase activity in plasma, serum, and euglobulin fractions from human and bovine blood, with and without activation by streptokinase and urokinase. It is established that the spontaneous protaminase activity of the blood is due to unclassified proteases and only to a sligt extent to plasmin, if any. The protaminase activity after activation with streptokinase in blood is an expression of the content of plasminogen in the blood; the effect of inhibitor, however, cannot be evaluated.In parallel determinations of the protaminase activity and fibrinolytic activity on the same plasma and euglobulin, it is demonstrated that there is no ...


Although the internal control system has been founded and developed in most of enterprises nowadays, there still a exist some serious problems such as accounting information distortion and insider's control, which are held as the result of insufficient attention to the internal control environment. since it is closely related to the corporate governance, the well-organized and highly-efficient governing mechanism should be set up to realize the rational distribution of right, duty and benefit among shareholders, board of directors and the management, which, in turn, can ensure the effctive operation of the internal control system.


GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To study the nutritional status of Tule (Kuna) indigenous by anthropometric evaluation, adjustment of nutrients consumption, and blood vitamin A levels. METHODS: A descriptive and prospective study with cross-sectional surveys to identify food consumption and undernourishment risk. Surveys about food intake, nutritional and anthropometric evaluation and blood retinol levels (by HPLC) were performed. RESULTS: In 2003, the population of the Resguardo was 1.028; 791 individuals (77%) of 103 families were evaluated. The food consumption survey showed slight kilocalories excess ingestion and serious problems in the percentage of adjustment of nutrients consumption: protein 79%, calcium 13%, folic acid 54%, retinol 53%, iron 122%. When banana consumption was excluded, nutrients were: protein (69%), iron (94%) and retinol (3%). In children (0-11.5 years) the undernourishment risks were: global 40%, chronic 80%, acute 5%. The index of corporal mass in adolescents indicated weight deficiency in 2%, whereas in adults the index of corporal mass was low in 58%; this proportion reaches 86% in women older than 50 years. Blood retinol was low in all age groups, but the small size of the group younger than 15 years, limited the force of the statistical analysis. Retinol was statistically lower in individuals at risk of undernourishment (p = 0.005645). DISCUSSION: The difficult life conditions of this ethnic group in Caiman Nuevo remain unmodified since 1975. The physical and social violence against these natives is historical, and has been shared with other ethnic groups for more than 500 years. The violence of the society, expressed in shortage of land and preserves for hunting and fishing, as well as in murder and persecution, adds to political cultural influences of the "Whites" and to the Tule cultural factors, to create a powerful situation that leads to food deficiency and contributes to their undernourishment.


The lifelong learning has a crucial importance since a dynamic economic and social development in contemporary highly globalized world is based upon highly educated and trained entrepreneurs, managers and professionals. This is recognized in the Lisbon strategy (2000), the EU's overarching program focusing on growth and jobs. It has underlined that knowledge, and the innovation are the EU's most valuable assets, particularly as global competition becomes more intense in all sectors. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on lifelong learning activities and policies in EU and its implications on Croatia as an EU candidate country.


Few studies have researched the temporal and spatial effects of insufficient exposure of sensors in mobile phone sensing. In this paper, the missing data problem in mobile phone sensing is addressed by using a hybrid approach to design an estimation model. This estimation model reflects the effects of participatory and opportunistic nodes based on the success probability model. The proposed model considers the spatial and temporal correlation of sensing data to accurately estimate the missing information. By applying the linear regression and linear interpolation models to sample data from neighboring nodes of the missing data, the spatial and temporal context can be described. The experiment results show that the proposed model can estimate the missing data accurately in terms of simulated and real-world datasets.


With the significant improvement of equipment architecture, equipment maintenance support forces should be changed to adapt to the high-tech equipment maintenance support tasks. Based on the analysis of the world high-tech equipment maintenance support forces, the new situation of the construction of high-tech equipment maintenance support forces is grasped profoundly in this paper, and recommendations to strengthen the construction of high-tech equipment maintenance support forces are put forward.


Figure 1. A 31-year-old woman who had had painless, right-sided cervical adenopathy for three months was given antibiotics, but the adenopathy persisted. She had no systemic symptoms and no other palpable lymph nodes, and the remainder of her physical examination was unremarkable. The results of all laboratory studies were normal. At surgery the node was 3 cm in diameter, tannish yellow, and rubbery. Histologic examination revealed numerous germinal centers pierced by capillaries emanating from a hypervascular pericortex and cuffed by small lymphocytes arranged in a concentric onionskin pattern (hematoxylin and eosin, ×925). These morphologic features are characteristic of Castleman's disease. . . .


In this paper a detailed "Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel under Radial Load". During the part of project a static and fatigue analysis of aluminum alloy wheel A356.2 was carried out using FEA package. The 3 dimensional model of the wheel was designed using CATIA. Then the 3-D model was imported into ANSYS using the IGES format. The finite element idealization of this modal was then produced using the 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The analysis was performed in a static condition. This is constrained in all degree of freedom at the PCD and hub portion. The pressure is applied on the rim. We find out the total deformation, alternative stress and shear stress by using FEA software. And also we find out the life, safety factor and damage of alloy wheel by using S-N curve. S-N curve is input for a A.356.2 material.


The arboviruses Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika virus are present in several tropical regions and are transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The containment of these diseases is done by fighting the vector, usually using chemical insecticides, such as organophosphates and organochlorines. These provoke the resistance of the transmitter, have a high accumulation rate in the body of non-target populations, and promote the contamination of ecosystems. The application of materials of natural origin with larvicidal activity, such as essential oils, is a promising alternative to replace the use of chemical insecticides. In this systematic review, we sought to present the larvicidal properties of essential oils from botanical species of Brazilian flora against Ae. aegypti. The search resulted in 36 papers selected as articles of interest. The 65 plants described in the selected articles showed larvicidal activity mostly excellent (27 were classified as strongly active) or satisfactory (13 were moderately active, and 24 were effective), while only one was inactive. The species that showed the highest larvicidal activity were: Anacardium occidentalis L. (0.01 ppm); Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (0.04 ppm); Carapa guianensis Aubl. (0.06 ppm); Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt. (0.10 ppm); Ageratum conyzoides L. (0.15 ppm); Tagetes minuta L. (0.21 – 0.25 ppm); and Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (1.76, 0.98 and 2.46 ppm). Studies on the essential oils of Brazilian plants are of great relevance to combat arboviruses. The Brazilian flora, despite its vast biodiversity, is still little known and explored, possessing a huge potential for the development of eco-friendly, environmentally safe, and low-cost products.


I t would thus be quite easy to introduce systems of weights, measures and coinage based on the factor 60. As applied, for example, to coinage, the smallest coin commonly used in France would be denoted by 3 units instead of 5 centimes, and i t would thus be easy to purchase one-third of a franc's worth of goods, which is now impossible. In England one penny might be divided into five instead of four farthings, 60 pence would make a crown, and one pound would be one-third of the next higher unit. I n weights and measures, we could obtain units of the dimensions of half an ounce, a kilogram, a hundredweight and three tons ; again, half an inch, a yard and two miles might be the rough equivalents of the units of length. I t would certainly be easier to change to a sexagesimal system of weights and measures from a decimal system, or from our own system, and we might well set the fashion with our coinage. G. H. B R Y A N .


Drawing the best matching and craft of rich-argon mixing gas protecting welding,getting application in the production of pressure container.The appearance net merely takes shape beautifuly and has smasplashing,mechanics performance fulfils requirements,and its productivity improves by 4-times than hand arc-welding,etc..


Using 1,6-hexanediol and acrylic acid as raw material, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorous acid as catalyst, cyclohexane as dehydrant, sodium acid sulfate and copper sulfate as composite inhibitor 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate was synthesized with direct esterification method. Determination of acid value and FT-IR analysis were conducted towards synthetic product. At the same time, the effects of catalyst, dehyrant, inhibitor, reaction time, reaction temperature and acid-alcohol ratio(acrylic acid/1,6-hexanediol, molar ratio) were investigated. The optimum synthesis conditions were found to be as follows: acid-alcohol ratio 2.5; mass ratio of catalyst(catalyst: raw material)1.5%; mass ratio of inhibitor(inhibitor: acrylic acid) 8.5%; mass ratio of dehydrant(dehydrant: raw material) 65%; reaction time 90 mins; reaction temperature 80~90 ℃. At the optimum reaction conditions, the synthesized 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate was colorless transparent liquid oil with high yield of 93.25%.


In the paper,we will discuss a new cylindric display apparatus based on the persistence of vision,and it is proved by the experiment that the system runs stably and works fine.


It is known that in patients with ischemic heart disease, QT dispersion (QTd) predicts ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death and that major coronary risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension increase QTd. It is not clear whether, in coronary artery disease, QTd increases because of ischemia or co-existence of coronary risk factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the independent effect of coronary risk factors on QTd by examining patients with just one major coronary risk factor. 133 (111 patient, 22 healthy people, average age (52±10; 49±11) patients were included in our study. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to existence of diabetes mellitus (19 patients), hypertension (24 patients), hyperlipidemia (17 patients), a positive family history (21 patients), smokers (30 patients). The control group consists of completely healthy subjects without any risk factors (22 patients). 12 derivations ECG of all patients were recorded at 50 mm secG . QT intervals were measured after the ECG recordings were transferred to a 1 computer and magnified by 400-600 times with Adobe photoshop program on a high resolution monitor. QTd and QTcd (QT corrected dispersion) of all groups with one risk factor were significantly higher than the control group (p< 0.01). In addition, each coronary risk factor had an independent and significant increasing effect on QT interval (p<0.01). QTd and QTcd intervals are affected by coronary risk factors as well as ischemia and this finding should be taken into account in studies concerning QT intervals.


For effective management of straddling fish stocks, regional cooperation of the participating countries is required. Formation of
regional fisheries forums and intergovernmental consultative machinery's is very vital. The functions of the existing regional bodies
and the factors which should form the basis for effective management of fish stocks are discussed.


Vaccination with the 4-valent HPV vaccine prevents precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women 14–20 years old who were not vaccinated at the recommended age of 11–12 years. This population-based case-cohort study of > 25,000 US subjects found strongest protection in women who received all three doses and did not report a significant protection in women aged ≥ 21 years. "In comparison to other countries, HPV vaccine uptake in the US has been relatively low. Our findings show that girls and women who did not receive the full vaccine series at age 11–12 can still benefit from significant protection if they receive the full three doses of vaccine by the age of 20. The evidence suggests that protection is strongest the earlier the vaccine is initiated, and after the age of 21, the evidence of effectiveness is unclear. Further research in other settings, and using the recently introduced nonavalent vaccine, will now be needed to assess the effectiveness of vaccinating women aged 21–26 years," lead authorMichael Silverberg of Kaiser Permanente in Oakland said. 1. Silverberg MJ, Leyden WA, Lam JO, Gregorich SE, Huchko MJ, Kulasingam S, Kuppermann M, Smith-McCune KK, Sawaya GF. Effectiveness of catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination on incident cervical neoplasia in a US healthcare setting: a population-based case-control study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018; doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30220-7


Time Value of Money Principles of Capital Budgeting Advanced Capital Budgeting Capital Budgeting for Multinationals Estimating Political Risk for Capital Budgeting Leasing Versus Purchasing Capital Budgeting for Social Projects Wealth Measurement and Distribution: The Behavioral and Cognitive Implications Index


Information on 4.1 million patients identified as COVID‐19 positive in Mexico is used to understand the relationship between comorbidities, symptoms, hospitalisations and deaths due to the COVID‐19 disease. Using the presence or absence of these variables a clinical footprint for each patient is created. The risk, expected mortality and the prediction of death outcomes, among other relevant quantities, are obtained and analysed by means of a multivariate Bernoulli distribution. The proposal considers all possible footprint combinations resulting in a robust model suitable for Bayesian inference. The analysis is carried out considering the information on the monthly COVID‐19 cases, from March 2020 to the first days of January 2022. This allows one to appreciate the evolution of the mortality risk over time and the effect the strategies of the health authorities have had on it. Supporting information for this article, containing code and the dataset used for the analysis, is available online.


This article presented an improvement of marine steam turbine conventional exergy analysis by application of neural networks. The conventional exergy analysis requires numerous measurements in seven different turbine operating points at each load, while the intention of MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) neural network-based analysis was to investigate the possibilities for measurements reducing. At the same time, the accuracy and precision of the obtained results should be maintained. In MLP analysis, six separate models are trained. Due to a low number of instances within the data set, a 10-fold cross-validation algorithm is performed. The stated goal is achieved and the best solution suggests that MLP application enables reducing of measurements to only three turbine operating points. In the best solution, MLP model errors falling within the desired error ranges (Mean Relative Error) MRE < 2.0% and (Coefficient of Correlation) R2 > 0.95 for the whole turbine and each of its cylinders.


The Working Paper Series of the Czech National Bank (CNB) is intended to disseminate the results of the CNB's research projects as well as the other research activities of both the staff of the CNB and collaborating outside contributor, including invited speakers. The Series aims to present original research contributions relevant to central banks. It is refereed internationally. The referee process is managed by the CNB Research Department. The working papers are circulated to stimulate discussion. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the CNB. Abstract We evaluate the out-of-sample forecasting performance of six competing models at horizons of up to three quarters ahead in a pseudo-real time setup. All the models use information in monthly indicators released ahead of quarterly GDP. We estimate two models – averaged vector autoregressions and bridge equations – relying on just a few monthly indicators. The remaining four models condition the forecast on a large set of monthly series. These models comprise two standard principal components models, a dynamic factor model based on the Kalman smoother and a generalized dynamic factor model. We benchmark our results to the performance of a naïve model and the historical near-term forecasts of the Czech National Bank's staff. The findings are also compared with a related study conducted by ECB staff (Barhoumi et al., 2008). In the Czech case, standard principal components is the most precise model overall up to three quarters ahead. However, the CNB staff's historical forecasts were the most accurate one quarter ahead.


Background : The increasing use of the World Wide Web, also known as the internet, presents as many opportunities as challenges. Challenges such as addictive use are prevalent among all age groups, but young persons are particularly at risk of being dependent upon its use. Problematic use of the internet is a growing problem of public health significance globally and the prevalence of this health challenge is particularly important in developing nations. Aims : To determine the prevalence of problematic internet use, and the relationship with probable psychiatric morbidity among a sample of students in a medical College in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study among undergraduate students of a medical school in Lagos, Nigeria. The students were selected from the second, third and fourth years of medical training. Using convenience sampling a total of 192 students participated and completed the distributed questionnaires. The Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) designed by Kimberly Young was used in assessing for problematic use. On this scale a total score of 20- 49 suggests the user has complete control over usage of the internet, 50-70 suggests occasional problematic internet use and above 70 suggests significant problematic use or internet addiction. The General health questionnaire (version 12) served to screen for probable Psychiatric Results : The mean age of respondents was 23.8 years (± 6.3 SD). Majority (89.6%) of the students were studying Medicine and Surgery while others were studying Pharmacy (5.6%), Physiology (1.40%) and Dentistry (3.5%). Fifty six (29.2%) of the students had occasional problematic internet use, while 9(4.7%) had significant  problematic internet use symptoms. Eighty one (42.2%) had scores on the GHQ suggestive of probable psychiatric morbidity. Among those with occasional problematic internet use and significant problematic internet use, scores suggestive of probable psychiatric morbidity was found in 27 (49.1%) and 1 (11.1%) respectively. Overall mean score on the IAS was 43.4 (SD ± 19.3). Conclusion : Occasional problematic Internet use and probable psychiatric morbidity exists among this population group. Enlightenment about the potential problems associated with internet use and options for support or professional care should be made available to young internet users via institutions of learning.


This paper presents a demand-led growth model where an exogenous investment function drives capital accumulation through a Bernoulli differential equation. In such framework investment generates savings through changes in capacity utilization and/or income distribution, making economic growth totally demand-led. Taking a Structuralist perspective, the model is purposefully made to be consistent with different Keynesian closures for the investment function, as well as with different assumptions about savings' adjustment to investment.


In view of the characteristics that the gun barrels should support high frequency,high temperature and high pressure when the rapid-fire guns shoot continuously,a model of thermo-structure coupling based on heat transfer theory and finite element method(FEM) is adopted here.Barrels with different wall thicknesses are selected to analyze the thermal capacity and thermal stress of the barrels.The variations of temperature and thermal stress with continuoucly shooting number and the thermal stress distribution rule in barrel are obtained.Considering the joint effect from the chamber pressure and temperature filed,the influence of the thermal stress on the barrel's strength safety is also analyzed.The method and simulation result here provides a reference for the barrel design of small caliber rapid-fire gun.


This work is professional research and addresses the issues of working surfaces of cylinders of internal combustion engines. It describes the technologies and concepts that are applied in the production of internal combustion engines currently. The characteristics of each of these technologies provides a description of the production process, finishing and the most common applications. Furthermore, the properties, structure, and achieved surface roughness created by these technologies are available.


Freshwater resources are limited and the demand is steadily growing. In some areas a large part of available water resources are already committed. Then, some degree of concern is a logical position. But it has to faces. One consists on making more freshwater available, which means more interference with the environment, altering the social context and depleting groundwater resources. The other consist on correcting the current, often highly inefficient use of freshwater, protecting groundwater reserves and preventing further degradation by contamination. These are ethical issues to be seriously considered before creating a stressed environment and wasting badly needed economical and human resources. Evaluation of available and developable freshwater resources has to be carried out together with the uncertainty of natural situations and processes, and looking for the long term sustainability in a changing framework. This sustainability is compatible with some kind of limited depletion of aquifer reserves. Groundwater is still a poorly managed and to some extent misunderstood, essential freshwater resource. Solving this handicap involves not only science and technology, but also clear economics, social appreciation and political will, all of them glued by ethical behaviour.


Every Guaranteed Time Slot(GTS) mechanism in IEEE 802.15.4 standard can be allocated multiple slots to guarantee the real-time data transmission.For the lack of analyzing multi-slot GTS performances under contention free period,the network calculus,was used to analyze the service curves of delay bound and throughput,and the connection with energy consumption.The IEEE802.15.4 sensor node model which has proposed by Jurcik and Koubaa has been improved,and modeling and simulation were done to study how GTS parameters influenced the network performances(delay,throughput and energy consumption).The simulation results indicate that according to high or low burst data rate,there is an optimized allocation of GTS parameters to meet the real-time data transmission.


The dispersion equation of a layered cylindrical dielectric waveguide operating in the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is derived. We demonstrate that when the waveguide is coated with a negative permittivity layer, a surface WGM can be generated. It exposes a strong evanescent field to the ambient substance, rendering the negative permittivity material assisted microring sensor much more sensitive to a slight change in surrounding medium. This opens up an avenue towards designing optical WGM sensors with superior performance.


The given research studies the patent law development in Russia in the first half of the 19 th century. The legislative basis regulating in this direction played an important role for subsequent processes of technical modernization of mining and metallurgical complex which preceeded the period of industrialization. The article gives the analysis of legislative acts of «privileges», which reveals the government role in patent law system reforming.


When the Reformation broke up religious unity in the West and started the development of nationalities, the ideal of world-wide educational unity was lost. Henceforth, the only ideal that could be pursued was co-operation among differing educational achievements-such as was advocated by Comenius (1592-1670). For a long time this was not thought of in terms of internationalism (the very word did not exist); universalism and cosmopolitanism were the terms used by progressive thinkers. The formation of modern states and the gradual growth of nationalism caused education to lose its character of a service of the church and to become a public service. In time, ministries of education were created by all nations, the first germ of these being the "Commission on Education" established by Poland in 1775. DESIRE FOR INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CENTER


Abstract Aizerman's method is a technique for investigating the asymptotic stability of a large class of autonomous feedback systems with one or more memoryless non-linear elements. Using an initial linearization, the method yields sectors to which the input-output characteristics of the non-linearity must be restricted in order to assure asymptotic stability in the large. Through a series of transformations a method for determining the sector of stability which is directly amenable to machine computation is presented in this paper.


In many countries, public spending is often influenced by electoral considerations, such as using grants to 'buy' votes in swing districts, a practice which can often lead to inefficient spending. In response to concerns over such political influence, governments have designed quasi-autonomous organizations to implement intergovernmental grant programs in a politically neutral fashion. Using Infrastructure-Transport, a quasi-autonomous organization created by the Quebec government, as a case study, Kaddour Mehiriz finds that because of their close financial and administrative ties to the government, grant distribution in such organizations does not seem to be exempt from electoral politics.


Objective To develop a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Method\ 8 weeks old SD rats were injected with low dose STZ after high calorie given for two months.Then insulin\|glucose tolerance test,islet immunohistory and other corresponding tests were performed and analysed.The data were compard to the others such as purely low dose STZ,high dose STZ and high calorie.Results\ In this rat model,insulin sensitivity decreased,and the synthesis and excretion of insulin were lower than that of purely high calorie group but still higher than that of normal one.Conclusion\ This model owned the characters of mild impaired islet function and insulin resistance which resembled the clinical phenotype of type 2 diabetes,and it would help deepen the mechanical investigation of diabetes and its chronic complication.


An Internet telephony system is basically a computer-form of a conventional telephone to support real-time voice communication between two or more users who are connected to the Internet. Internet telephony circumvents expensive international telephone toll charges by using Internet as an intermediary medium to transport voice signals between two users. In doing so, transcontinental telephone calls are achieved at the mere costs of local telephone calls and nominal Internet connectivity charges. However, the transmission of digitised voice signals can be lost in the packet switched network environment of TCP/IP, thereby causing intermittent voice losses and quality degradations. In this paper, a quality-based dynamic voice recovery mechanism is proposed to enhance the quality and reliability of real-time voice communication. It minimises packet loss by controlling the transmission rate dynamically from the source based on the network congestion condition with a quality-based voice recovery at the destination.


The increasing power density and time-varying workload distribution lead to runtime thermal hotspot in the modern multicore systems. To solve the thermal problems of the multicore systems, many dynamic thermal managements (DTMs) were proposed in recent years. These DTMs rely on the temperature sensing accuracy of the on-chip thermal sensors. However, due to the physical or economical constrains, the number of on-chip sensors is often limited, and the allocation of these sensors significantly affects the accuracy of full-chip temperature estimation. Hence, the main challenge is to determine the appropriate locations for thermal sensor placement. However, searching the proper locations for thermal sensor placement is an NP-hard problem. Besides, the time-varying temperature distribution of the multicore system further worsens the hardness to find the optimal sensor allocations. In this paper, we analyze the temperature correlation graph to propose a thermal sensor allocation algorithm. Compared with the conventional thermal sensor allocation methods, the proposed method can reduce 94% average error and 84% maximum error of full-chip temperature estimation.


INTRODUCTION There is a growing body of evidence revealing a high co-occurrence of anxiety and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Long-term follow up studies of children diagnosed with ADHD reveal chronic impairments into adulthood in 10–60% patients. These chronic impairments include residual symptoms of ADHD such as distractibility and difficulties with concentration and organizational skills, as well as associated symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse [Barkley, 1990; Gittelman et al., 1985; Manuzza et al., 1991, 1993; Mendelson et al., 1971]. Samples of adults presenting with ADHD evidence high comorbidity with anxiety disorders, particularly with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) [e.g., Biederman et al., 1993; Shekim et al., 1990]. Relatively lacking in the literature is an examination of childhood or current ADHD in samples of anxiety disordered patients. In the present study, we sought to address this issue by examining the prevalence of childhood ADHD among patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, comparing them to patients with Social Phobia. Given the initial attention to GAD in the ADHD literature, we reasoned that the prevalence of childhood ADHD would be higher among patients with GAD than those with other anxiety disorders, such as Social Phobia. We hypothesized that the prevalence of childhood ADHD in those with GAD would exceed the prevalence of those with social phobia and would exceed the estimates of the prevalence of ADHD in the general population.