Abstract : CONVRT is a computer program which provides the capability to interface oceanographic hydrocast data contained in the SEAS Data Bank with the programs RSVP and RETVAL which are used to select and preprocess ocean station data for use by the NORDA suite of acoustic models. CONVRT is a stand-alone program which generates a packed RSVP input data file from a Subset Binary File produced by CREATABASE, the Data Bank storage and retrieval system. This data file reformatting is accomplished in an efficient and uncomplicated mannner with a minimal amount of user interaction. This document is the complete technical and user documentation for CONVRT. It presents a discussion of the software design and implementation and the source level documentation for all components of the program. It also describes the input and output files in detail as well as instructions to the user for the preparation of the input file and the execution of the program. (Author)


This paper presents a fuzzy goal programming approach for modelling and solving multi-objective decision making problems having fuzzy random variables and fuzzy numbers associated with the system constraints. In the model formulation process, the problem is converted into an equivalent fuzzy programming problem by using chance constrained programming technique. The problem is then decomposed into sub problems by considering the tolerance limits of fuzzy numbers relating to the system constraints. The individual optimal solution of each objective is found to construct the membership goals. A two-phase fuzzy goal programming model is developed to achieve the highest degree of each of the defined membership goals of the objectives to the extent possible by minimising under deviational variables and thereby obtaining most satisfactory solution in the decision making environment. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed approach and the achieved solutions are compared with other existing methodologies.


Introduction: Introduction: Flight-related stress influences pilots' health and performance. Research investigating the influence of workload during military flights on those outcomes is warranted.
Objective: This study investigated the effects of perceived workload during military transport flights on autonomic modulation and cognitive performance in novice Brazilian Air Force pilots.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study with 15 pilots. Perceived workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX inventory. Autonomic modulation during the flights was evaluated by heart rate variability. Cognitive performance pre- vs. post-flights was compared using the Stroop color-word test.
Results: The perceived workload during flights was moderate (~5 points), with a 5-fold greater contribution of 'mental' vs. 'physical demand'. Flights provoked a 2-3 fold increasing in sympathetic modulation, with 50% greater average autonomic changes in P1 than P2 (D max/min; p<0.05): RRi (P1: D -189/-199 ms; P2: D -164/-177 ms), RMMSD (P1: D -24/-25 ms; P2: D -16/-18 ms), pNN50 (P1: D -19/-20%; P2: D -15/-20%), LF (P1: D 19/24 u.n.; P2: D 19 u.n.), HF (P1: D -19/-23 u.n.; D P2: -18/-19 u.n.), LF/HF (P1: D 4/5; P2: D 3/4). Correlations between NASA-TLX and sympathetic modulation were inverse vs. 'physical demand' and 'overall workload' (rs= -0.52/-0.63), and direct vs. 'mental demand' (rs=0.57), the opposite occurring for parasympathetic modulation (rs=0.47/0.59; rs= -0.45/-0.47; p<0.05). The cognitive performance was unaltered and uncorrelated with NASA-TLX components.
Conclusion: Greater perceived workload during military transport flights increased sympathetic and lowered parasympathetic modulation but did not influence cognitive performance.


The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the transport of substances between vasculature and brain. Recent studies have clarified that various kinds of cells in neurovascular unit are related to the BBB functions. In this study, we investigated the roles of microglia in BBB functional maturation using in vitro BBB model comprised of endotherial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes (Ⓒpharmacocell). When we added primary microglia to the brain side of the model during the maturation period, trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the expression level of claudin-5, were significantly increased. On the other hand, when we added LPS-activated microglia, the TEER and the expression levels of tight junction proteins (TJs) were significantly decreased. We next investigated involvement of cytokines/chemokines in the effects of microglia. We clarified that microglia-induced increase in TEER was mediated by VEGF, while the increases in TJs were mediated by the inhibition of fractalkine signaling. In the developing brain, a lot of microglia surroud the capillaries. Our data suggest that microglia contribute to the developmental maturation of the BBB. We are currently investigating the accurate time course of BBB maturation and the roles of microglia in the BBB maturation at the developmental stage by in vivo experiments.


Within post-Kuhnian, philosophy of science much effort has been devoted to issues related to conceptual change, such as incommensurability, scientific progress and realism, but mostly in terms of reference, without a fine-grained theory of scientific concepts/senses. Within the philosophy of language and of mind tradition, there is a large body of work on concepts, but the application to scientific concepts has been very tentative. The aim of this paper is to propose a general framework for a theory for the individuation of scientific concepts. The general view about the individuation of concepts favored here is the possession-condition approach: to individuate a concept is to identify its possession conditions. The general metascientific tools for the analysis of scientific theories are model-theoretic, more specifically, structuralist: scientific theories, the entities to which scientific concepts belong, are model-theoretic theory-nets. The general idea about the content of scientific concepts that inspires this proposal comes from: (i) our grandfathers' "laws-plus-correspondence rules", (ii) Kuhn's "laws applied to exemplars" views and (iii) moderate operationalism. The aim is to show that some clarification can be gained applying the possession condition approach to (an expansion of) these three elements using structuralist metascientific tools. First, I briefly present the two main structuralist ideas I shall use: the difference between observability and non-theoreticity, and the notion of theory-net. Second, I informally introduce the five components that come from my reading of the three traditional elements; these components are, or are not, plausible independently of how they will be integrated within a theory of conceptidentity. Third, I present the general traits of the theory of possession conditions for concept-identity that we shall use for the integration of such components. Finally, I propose the general traits of the possession condition that corresponds to each of these five components and I present some problems and point out some possible ways of dealing with them. As the title emphasizes, this paper is programmatic in character; it only proposes a general framework and an agenda for a theory of scientific concepts. To carry out the program, further conceptual and (meta)empirical


In 1980, Abbie Conant, a white American trombonist living in Germany, won the solo trombone chair of the Munich Philharmonic, beating out thirty-two other candidates, all male? Invited to the audition via a letter addressed to Herr Abbie Conant, the trombonist achieved this success as a disembodied performer--from behind an auditioning screen. With the entire orchestra and director listening, as is the custom when auditioning solo chairs, Conant's sound was consumed as pure musical expression; indeed, her winning performance was exactly the realization the orchestra hoped for. However, when she stepped out from behind the screen, this seemingly unproblematic purity of sound was disrupted: for there stood a female body. Although she received no formal or informal reprimands, Conant was nonetheless demoted after her probationary year. Director Sergui Celibidache made his reasoning clear, telling her, "You know the problem, we need a man for the solo trombone" (Osborne 1994). (2) Conant then embarked on a twelve-year court battle with the Munich Philharmonic while enduring continual harassment from the director and orchestra members. She eventually triumphed, but not without grievous suffering and insult. In this article, Conant's story in Munich and the separate case of the Vienna Philharmonic's behavior toward women and racial minorities are touchstones for two salient issues in recent scholarship on music and embodiment: the implications of live music versus recorded forms and the ramifications of intercorporeality in musical performance. After challenging the often vision-centered and universalizing conceptions of corporeality in these discussions, I turn to scholarship that focuses primarily on the performer's sentient body. I believe such research affords an important new means to situate embodiment (and its promise) more fully within cultural studies, a contribution music scholars may be uniquely situated to offer. However, I begin with a hard look at some tough corpo-realities. Recordings versus Embodied Performance Recent trends in music scholarship have worked to overturn the hegemony of the score in musical analysis and to emphasize the embodied act of musical performance. However, I caution against simply reversing the hierarchy by privileging performance, which implicitly or explicitly relegates recordings to second place, behind performance and just above the score. The path-breaking work of Susan McClary, Suzanne Cusick, and others has provided long-overdue analyses of gendered meanings in the aural dimension of music. Music means aurally, as McClary in particular has shown through her detailed textual and hermeneutical analyses, yet such aurality also harbors a potential for resistance through misfired meanings, misconstruals, and aural drag performances. (3) Many scholars have investigated the impulses toward and effects of preserving music in recordings. Remarking on the arrival of the phonograph at a time when Western artists and philosophers were engaged in destabilizing identities and meanings, Charles Grivel writes, Just as Rimbaud was writing that "je est un autre" (I is someone else), Mallarme that a blank volume is his expression, ... and Nietzsche, of course, that since God is dead, the voice, without reservation, dissolves ... a machine arrives in the nick of time to capture all this and give it an appearance. (1992:33) Here, recording provides a specious bulwark against the necessary decline of Western enlightenment. For Susan McClary, recording technology palliates Western culture's discomfort with music as a particularly corporeal practice. She writes, "The advent of recording has been a Platonic dream come true, for with a disk one can have the pleasure of the sound without the troubling reminder of the bodies producing it" (1991:136). Such observations highlight the view that recording changes music from an ephemeral and embodied evocation to just another signifier in the play of signification: a disembodied, interchangeable commodity awaiting its turn on the CD player. …


Conclusions reached from the study, on sodium B-phenyl-n-hexadecyl-p-sulfonate and TRS 10 to 80 systems are given. Abstracts are included of the following papers: comparison of rigorous and approximate theories of inhomogeneous fluids; phase behavior of alcohol-hydrocarbon-brine mixtures; cold storage microscopy system for fast frozen liquids; polymer substrates for electron microscopy of frozen microstructured liquids; and mass loss and etching of frozen hydrated specimens.


A strain R2,which produces protease,was isolated from the Antarctic Ocean sediment samples.Results of morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that R2 belonged to Marinobacter.The Marinobacter sp.strain R2 was facultative psychrophile because it grew best at 10~15℃.The strain could produce protease with many kinds of single carbonaceous substance,and produced maximum protease activity at 20℃.The primary purification was performed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography with DEAE cellulose-52.The optimum condition for the protease activity was 20℃ and pH 9~10,which suggested the enzyme was a typical alkaline cold-active protease.The protease activity was stimulated by Ca~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+),and was inhibited by Cd~(2+)、Co~(2+).This enzyme appeared to be a serine protease,on the basis of its sensitivity to PMSF and AEBSF.From the result that EDTA showed obvious inhibiting effect on the enzyme,it can be suggested that metal ions played an important role in the conservation of enzyme conformation for the catalytic activity.


We present a model to derive MMDS/ISM band correlation path losses from collected PCS band experimental data. The model is based on experimental data taken in several suburban areas using combined mode portable PCS and MMDS CW transmitters. The characterization used is a linear curve fitting the decibel path loss to the decibel-distance, with a Gaussian random variation about that curve due to shadow fading. It was found that comparing the large scale effect in propagation at different frequency bands helps compare all the existing radio propagation phenomena and improve the modeling of the MMDS/ISM band path loss from the PCS measured path loss. The model is for suburban areas, and it distinguishes between different suburban environments. The suburban environment is sub-classified based on predefined morphology characteristics. The correlation models with varying resolution in terms of predicted mean error and the standard deviation are presented. The derived correlation models are independent of height variations as long as the PCS and MMDS/ISM antenna heights are kept the same.


Recalled St Jude Medical Riata leads have a high rate of insulation failures with potential thrombogenic externalized conductors. We report a paradoxical thromboembolic stroke through a persistent foramen ovale during extraction of a lead with externalization. We suggest mandatory transesophageal echocardiography prior to extraction to screen for lead-related thrombosis and routes of right-to-left shunting to reduce risk of thromboembolic complications.


Most economics literature on East Asian industrialization falls victim to the assumption that only those features of economic policy consistent with neoclassical principles could have contributed to good economic performance. Explanations of good performance accordingly ignore nonneoclassical features. This article suggests that new insights can be gained by carefully examining what these governments actually did. We find that much of what they did is consistent with the principles of old-style pre- 1970 development economics. In particular, they gave central attention to ways of augmenting and directing the composition of investment, and much less attention to ways of increasing efficiency of resource use. They used protection as an instrument to enhance innovation and international competitiveness. In important industries they regulated both quantities and prices so as to achieve government-selected goals, preventing those parts of the economy from being guided by international prices. Economics has much to learn by embracing such nonneoclassical facts and seeking to build a theory to accommodate them.


This paper presents an adaptive modulation in a single-input-single-output (SISO)-OFDM-based cooperative system that employs a Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) preamble-based SNR estimator. A novel CAZAC preamble-based SNR estimator that does not incur a throughput penalty is derived by exploiting a modified CAZAC preamble structure for the OFDM system. The proposed CAZAC SNR estimator is used to estimate the channel quality by finding the instantaneous SNR of the received cooperative data, which is sent to the transmitter via feedback channel. The modulation scheme is then changed according to the estimated SNR. The performance of the CAZAC preamble-based SNR estimator exhibits less than 0.02 dB and less than 0.2 dB bias when communicating over AWGN and SUI-5 channels, respectively. The proposed adaptive modulation scheme with the CAZAC SNR estimator significantly improved the channel throughput in comparison with the corresponding benchmarker scheme dispensing with adaptive modulation that invokes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-PSK and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-QAM. More explicitly, the proposed adaptive modulation system with the CAZAC SNR estimator that invokes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-PSK exhibits significant improvement by about 5 dB at BER <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= 10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in comparison to its corresponding benchmarker scheme dispensing with adaptive modulation when communicating over the SUI-5 channel. On the other hand, the relay-aided cooperative transmission exhibited an approximately 6 dB SNR gain in terms of channel throughput in comparison to the corresponding non-cooperative benchmarker scheme, and benefited from spatial diversity.


Device emergency supply (10) of a lift installation with drive electric motor, having an energy storage unit (1) for electrical energy, which saves brief drops or interruptions in mains voltage and if power failure from the network during a trip lift guarantees the realization of an evacuation trip powering all electrical components of the installation of lifts involved in the evacuation journey, at least for the time required for the elevator car reaches a floor level, wherein the energy storage unit (11) comprises capacitors in the form of supercapacitors (13).


This article attempts to analyze intuition theory in the philosophy history thoroughly,so as to get a clear understanding to different types of intuition theory.And the author wants to say the sensible approach can acquire specific knowledge but wisdom.Intuition is illogical and accidental,but it is an essential way to acquire metaphysical wisdom.As ontology is invisible and can't be analyzed,only rational intuition can acquire the metaphysical wisdom.


e20539Background: MiR-744, previously-shown to be dysregulated in the serum or specimens of several cancers, haven't been described in NSCLC on its expression pattern and potential clinic implicati...


The Foursquare Church has awarded five Alabaster House Legacy Scholarships for 2015 to young women pursuing ministry training through Foursquare's Life Pacific College, Ignite-Life Pacific College and Emerging Leader Network.


The fad that different studies seeking to measure poverty in a given country often give differing results, although they apparently use the same method and same data source, has long disconcerted both experts in the field and the public in general. Such differences regarding poverty incidences reduce the credibility and technical reliability of these measurements, shed doubts on estimates of the level and evolution of poverty, and hinders inter-temporal comparisons. That is why it is important to foster greater consensus among researchers regarding the criteria and procedure to be used, with a view to progressing towards a common pattern, which will make the measurements more consistent and homogeneous, and guarantee their effective comparability. This policy paper provides a recommended strategy for estimating an absolute poverty line using household survey data of the years 1987-88, 1996-97 and 1998.


From the perspective of adsorption kinetics,factors concerning the reaction order,preexponential factor and the activation energy of flyash's adsorption of phosphorus in municipal sewage were all put under examination.The results showed that the reaction order was-0.0808,the apparent activation energy-25.45kJ/mol and preexponential factor 8.87 10-12(mol L-1)1.0808min-1.


Let G be a simple graph of order n and size m. The edge covering of G is a set of edges such that every vertex of G is incident to at least one edge of the set. The edge cover polynomial of G is the polynomial E(G, x) = ∑m i=ρ(G) e(G, i)x , where e(G, i) is the number of edge coverings of G of size i, and ρ(G) is the edge covering number of G. In this paper we study the edge cover polynomials of cubic graphs of order 10. We show that all cubic graphs of order 10 (especially the Petersen graph) are determined uniquely by their edge cover polynomials.


Time overruns in construction projects is a global phenomenon and is commonly cited in Greece as well, calling for the implementation of sound and effective project management. Although construction development has presented significant prosperity the last decade, experience has showed that projects are running significantly over schedule raising the question of what the causes of such delays are and to what extent are contractors and other actors of the construction industry aware of certain project management tools and techniques that will facilitate the timely completion of a contract. The present dissertation examines and analyses the factors causing delays in large- and medium-scale projects in the private sector in Greece. It also aims to gain an insight of the Greek experience regarding project management tools and methods, the professionals' awareness of such tools and their willingness to adopt them. These are achieved through a questionnaire distributed to a number of participants in the construction industry and through interviews held with some of the respondents, with reference to a theoretical background.


Environmental polices executed by industries and government agencies have been increasingly directed to management their waste and adding value to it. This issue is also evidenced in agricultural industries, which consist of activities responsibles for the process and transmation of raw materials from agriculture. Such type of industry has contributed to the increase of environmental problems with the waste of raw materials and energy, resulting in increased of investiments to control pollucion, translated into economic losses. Usually located in countryside, biodiesel plants are a type of agricultural industries which arose with an opportunity to leverage economically the producer regions, promote the Exchange of technology, training labor and income distribution. However, as disadvantages, the production of biodiesel produces waste resulting from this process, as glycerin, waste water, cotton oilseed cake and sludge, having the necessity to manage or treat waste, such as the Biodiesel Pilot Plant located in the municipality of Caetes in the state of Pernambuco, valuing by products and adding value to waste. Front of the panorama of biomass generation, front high level of degradable existing matter these materials, one could envisage an aggregation value of biomass produced in Biodiesel Plant with the anaerobic treatment of waste, consolidating all parameters in order to produce biogas and methane, enabling use of renewable energy and reducing electricity consumption in the unit. With this, one can contribute to the generation of local power and / or unit of production, also diversify the energy matrix and corroborate the viability of producing this kind of energy with great potential in rural areas. This thesis was to evaluate the main types of waste generated in the Biodiesel Pilot Plant Caetes and analyze the potential for biogas generation of this waste. The glycerin, mixed with sludge showed no influence on the production of biogas, in interaction with the oilssed cakeand sludge obtained positive results with biogas volume of 328,87 NmL. Expressive numbers were obtained by mixing the sludge with the washing water NmL 431,53. It is possible that the high concentration of fatty acids present in the sample containing the oil sludge has caused the inhibition of microbial activity. Based on this data and calculation of energy efficiency, it can be suggested the adoption of the use of digesters with waste from the plant to produce energy in the unit.


This paper is the result of a series of studies on the nutritional and environmental requirements of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis Bouche made in an effort to determine some of the fundamental biological necessities of the species.


Background: Because it is still not possible to accurately determine whether the injected vaccines affect the disease incidence and mortality or not in the newly diagnosed strains, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of injected Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on the mortality rate among liver transplant patients infected with COVID-19 in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on liver transplant patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 referred to Montaseriyeh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from December 2021 to March 2022. The relationship between mortality due to Omicron strain was assessed with various variables. Results: In general, 97 liver transplant recipients were entered into the present study. Vaccine failure was reported in 43.5% of liver recipients. About 30% of the patients had not received any COVID-19 vaccination, and 2.9%, 40%, and 27.1% had received one, two, and three dosages of COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. Infection with COVID-19 was the cause of mortality in 11.3% of patients. No significant relationship was reported between mortality and the consumption of immunosuppressive agents (P > 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the number of received vaccine dosages was predictive of mortality due to infection with the Omicron variant in liver recipients (β = 0.13; P < 0.005). Conclusions: It was found that mortality due to COVID-19 vaccination was higher among the patients with fewer COVID-19 vaccination dosages and, consequently, could be related to vaccine-induced immunity in liver transplant recipients. However, due to the high vaccine failure rate, it seems that neutralizing antibody activity against Omicron variants is high.


Descent velocities of anesthetized and non-anesthetized specimens of the pteropod Creseis acicuki Rang were compared. Anesthetized specimens with wings extended descended in a vertical position at a greater velocity than non-anesthetized specimens which invariably descended in a vertical position. Anesthetized specimens in which the animal was withdrawn into the shell descended in a horizontal position at a slow velocity. Nonanesthetized animals were observed to change their rate of descent. Rate of descent is probably controlled by the angle, pitch and horizontal breadth of the wings. Pteropods have wing-like appendages, which are modifications of lateral lobes of the foot, on either side of the head. The manner in which these wings are flapped during forward movement has given the common name sea-butterflies to these minute pelagic gastropods (Fig. 1). In some pteropods the wing-like extensions also form an FIGURE 1. Photomicrograph of ventral end of Creseis acicula Rang in horizontal position on glass slide with wings in swimming attitude. Magnification x 42. Photograph taken with polaroid type 46 projection film and phase microscope. 332 Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean [9(3) important part of the feeding mechanism (Hardy, 1956; Morton, 1954). This paper reports another usage of the wings, the control of the rate at which the pteropod descends through water. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which zooplankton ascend and descend might aid in determining the relative importance of the complex environmental factors such as temperature, light and pressure which seem to control the vertical distribution and diurnal migration of zooplankton (Moore and O'Berry, 1957). During the early mornings of July 15-18, 1958, the pteropod Creseis acicula Rang, which bears a narrow cone-shaped shell, occurred in abundance in plankton flowing into Corpus Christi Bay through Aransas Pass, Texas. Living specimens were placed for observation in a glass cylinder having an inside diameter of 14 centimeters and containing a column of water 45 centimeters in height. Individuals were observed to swim from the bottom of the vessel to the surface of the water by rapidly napping their wings while maintaining the long axis of the shell in a vertical position. Whenever wing motion ceased the specimens would slowly descend through the water with outstretched wings seemingly checking the velocity at which the animals descended (Fig. 2). In order to determine if the outstretched wings were actually slowing the rate of descent, the following experiments were performed: 1. The velocity at which 24 living specimens with their wings outstretched and the long axis of the shell in a vertical position descended through the lower 20 centimeters of water in the cylinder was measured using the sweep-second hand of a wrist-watch for timing (Table 1). 2. The velocity at which 15 specimens anesthetized with a 0.5% solution of chloretone descended through the same water column was measured (Table 1). These specimens became anesthetized with the wings projecting from the shell in a seemingly relaxed position. The shells descended in a vertical position. 3. The velocity of descent of 18 anesthetized specimens was measured in the same manner as above (Table 1). These specimens, by chance, had become anesthetized with their bodies withdrawn into the shell and descended through the water with the long axis of the shell in a horizontal position. All the non-anesthetized animals and the animals anesthetized with wings extended descended with the shell vertical. All animals anesthetized with body withdrawn descended with the shell horizontal. One


Following a previous work devoted to encode strong reaction dynamics in the A. Pr\'astaro's algebraic topology of quantum super PDE's, quantum nonlinear propagators in the observed quantum super Yang-Mills PDE, $\what{(YM)}[i]$, are further characterized. In particular, a criterion that assures the zero lost quantum electric-charge is obtained. (In arXiv part I and part II are unified in arXiv:1205.2894.)


PURPOSE: To transmit data between a tester and a logic circuit being tested by using the smallest number of parts by providing a device for testing multi-pin integrated circuit which can operate in one of a plurality of modes and making the logic circuit to be equipped with many terminals. CONSTITUTION: In a device for testing multi-pin integrated circuit, a plurality of terminal electronic units 21 is connected to each test channel of a multichannel tester 11. Some of the units 21 are connected in parallel with each other through at least either one of a stimulus shift register 18 which is useful for dividing serial stimulus vectors or a response shift register 17 which is useful for assembling the serial stimulus vectors into response vectors from some units 21. The serial stimulus vectors are generated and serial response vectors are analyzed by means of the tester 11. This device can operate in a function test mode for logic circuit, a parameter test mode, or a high-speed scan-pass (route) test mode. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


The Variable Electronegativity Pariser–Parr–Pople method has been successfully applied to calculate the potential energy curve for the formation of a 1: 1 complex between quinone and hydroquinone. A consistent evaluation of core and electronic repulsion integrals is important to obtain a meaningful curve. A computationally simple procedure has been suggested for separating interactions due to electron exchange between the components from other intermolecular interactions. In agreement with experimental deductions the preferred configuration for the quinone-hydroquinone complex is found to be one in which the molecules are in parallel planes with their C—O bonds parallel. The equilibrium separation between the molecular planes is found to be 2.3 A and the stabilization energy in this position is 1.2 eV. In this equilibrium position forces due to electron exchange constitute the major contributing factor to the stability of the complex.


Optogenetics is a biological technique that uses light to control cells in living tissues, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. Using this technique, neuroscientists can investigate the neural circuits underlying neurological diseases with a higher spatio-temporal resolution when compared to other known neuromodulation methods. As employed today, optogenetics requires methods for guiding sufficiently strong and precisely timed light to specific brain regions, while the experimental subject carries out behaviors of interest. For this role, miniaturized devices (namely optrodes) shall be properly engineered to hold the required components (e.g. light source, recording electrodes, etc) whilst complying with some surgical and biocompatibility issues. In this work, an optrode was designed and fabricated using an in-house MEMS microfabrication technology. The custom-made device featured (a) low impedance level with TiN-coated microelectrodes, (b) sufficient optical power delivery through on-chip-uLEDs, and (c) miniaturized dimensions with tolerable tissue damage during long-term animal experiments. In addition, different optrodes were fabricated to allow different experiment conditions (i.e. chronic or acute implantation, multi-site or multi-layer studies). A MEMS cavity for the on-chip-uLED was engineered on the optrode's shaft in order to further minimize the induced tissue damage during the surgical implantation. Last but not least, this customized optrode is also compatible with our in-house CMOS technology and can be further upgraded with additional electronic functionalities, as well as with the deposition of novel materials. After the microfabrication and system integration, in-vitro experiments on three different designs were performed to characterize electrically the electrode impedance, the control of uLED's light intensity and pulse frequency.


Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a disorder that usually occurs with ovulation induction. It is rare in pregnant women and only a very few cases have been reported in spontaneous unstimulated conceptions. We report a case of spontaneous OHSS with primary hypothyroidism in a 19-year-old primigravida, where the imaging and laboratory findings confirmed the diagnosis of "Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome" with pregnancy. This rare event in pregnancy needs attention, as early institution of thyroid hormone replacement therapy results in resolution of cysts and avoids unnecessary evaluation and surgical misadventures.


The differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitation is broad. The most common causes include infection and malignancy. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a common problem worldwide, with an estimated 650,000 cases in the United States annually. Pulmonary embolism does not usually lead to cavitation, given


Agriculture is the dominant occupation in the Garu district that employs over 95 percent of households. However, yields of maize in the district are perpetually low. This might be due to intermittent drought (erratic rainfall pattern), low soil fertility, invasion of diseases and pests, inadequate technical know-how, inadequate credit facilities to expand production and the use of inappropriate farming practices and techniques. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of maize production on food security in Garu district of the Upper East region of Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Garu district out of the thirteen districts in the Upper East region of Ghana. The purposive sampling technique was again used to select 10 predominantly maize farming communities within the Garu district. The stratified sampling technique was used to selects respondents from the ten communities, while simple random sampling was used to select Agricultural Extension Agents for the study. In all, 124 respondents were selected for the study. The study revealed that over 50% of household members had enough maize to feed on throughout the 12 months period of the year. The study further established that most household made good use of maize as their main diet and nutrition throughout the year. It is recommended that capacity building of farmers on agronomic practices and improved modern methods of farming should be intensified to further sharping the skills of farmers for increased productivity and hence, improved food security. It is also recommended that the Department of Agriculture should ensure effective extension services delivery to increase yields of maize from the average of 4-6 100kg bags per acre to 10 bags per acre.


We present calculations of spin wave dispersions for antiferromagnetic MnO, NiO and ferromagnetic α-MnAs based on the recently developed quasiparticle self-consistent GW method (QSGW); we have already shown that QSGW gave a good quasiparticle picture for MnO and NiO in comparison with optical experiments. To obtain the spin wave dispersions, we have developed a method to calculate the transverse dynamical spin susceptibility in the random-phase approximation. This is a general method applicable not only to QSGW, but also to any first-principle method which gives the non-interacting (one-body) Hamiltonian to represent quasiparticles, e.g. the Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian in the density functional theory. In the method, we first calculate the non-interacting spin susceptibility from the supplied non-interacting Hamiltonian; then we obtain the spin susceptibility where the size of the effective interaction is determined so as to satisfy a sum rule. For MnO and NiO, the obtained spin wave dispersions show good agreement with experiments, in contrast to the cases in the local density approximation (LDA) and in the LDA+U. These results support our claim that the independent-particle picture is powerful enough even for materials like NiO and MnO classified to the Mott insulator, that is, the quasiparticle pictures by QSGW work well to describe their linear responses. For α-MnAs, we find a collinear ferromagnetic ground state in QSGW, while this phase is unstable in the LDA.


Migrant crisis which escalated in 2015 represents humanitarian and security challenge for European Union (EU) member states. Protection of the EU outer borders, as well as national one, has become priority task for all EU member states in order to preserve their political and cultural identity. This paper analyses the Croatian Navy (CN) capabilities in case of the migrant crisis escalation at sea, in order to protect national waters. The expected effect is to indicate that, considering their capabilities and experience, the Croatian Navy is capable of fulfilling the mission. Authors of the article investigated potential security threats in the area of responsibility of the Croatian Navy. This paper presents the possibility of an efficient response to possible challenges.


Membranes with glycosylated surfaces are naturally biomimetic and not only have excellent surface hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, but have a specific recognition to target biomacromolecules due to the unique chemo-biological properties of their surface carbohydrates; however, they cannot be easily chemically produced on large scales due to the complex preparation process. This manuscript describes the fabrication of a polypropylene membrane with a glycosylated surface by a chemo-enzymatic strategy. First, hydroxyl (OH) groups were introduced onto the surface of microporous polypropylene membrane (MPPM) by UV-induced grafting polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA). Then, glycosylation of the OH groups with galactose moieties was achieved via an enzymatic transglycosylation by β-galactosidase (Gal) recombinanted from E. coli. The fabricated glycosylated membrane showed surprisingly specific affinity adsorption to lectin ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120). The chemo-enzymatic route is easy and green, and it would be expected to have wide applications for large-scale preparation of polymer membranes with glycosylated surfaces.


Fully coherent unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based near-field measurements of the S67 parabolic ground station antenna in Weilheim, Germany at 2.06392 GHz are presented. The utilized measurement setup involves a vector network analyzer (VNA), radio frequency optical fiber connections, a laser tracking device (LT), and a specially designed light-weight dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna. The measurement data has been collected on a quasi-planar measurement surface in front of the reflector and the far-field patterns are obtained by field transformation from the irregular near-field data. Despite the complexity of this outdoor measurement setup with full exposure to varying weather conditions and the influence of the UAV on the near-field probe antenna, the far-field results show remarkable agreement with satellite based far-field measurement data.


Accurately forecasting traffic flows is critically important to many real applications including public safety and intelligent transportation systems. The challenges of this problem include both the dynamic mobility patterns of the people and the complex spatial-temporal correlations of the urban traffic data. Meanwhile, most existing models ignore the diverse impacts of the various traffic observations (e.g. vehi- cle speed and road occupancy) on the traffic flow prediction, and different traffic observations can be considered as dif- ferent channels of input features. We argue that the analy-sis in multiple-channel traffic observations might help to bet- ter address this problem. In this paper, we study the novel problem of multi-channel traffic flow prediction, and propose a deep Multi-View Channel-wise Spatio-Temporal Network (MVC-STNet) model to effectively address it. Specifically, we first construct the localized and globalized spatial graph where the multi-view fusion module is used to effectively ex- tract the local and global spatial dependencies. Then LSTM is used to learn the temporal correlations. To effectively model the different impacts of various traffic observations on traffic flow prediction, a channel-wise graph convolutional network is also designed. Extensive experiments are conducted over the PEMS04 and PEMS08 datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed MVC-STNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.


Based on the need for advanced treatments of high resolution urban morphological features in meteorological, dispersion, air quality and human exposure modeling systems for future urban applications, a new project was launched called the National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT). The initial NUDAPT prototype is a project sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and involves active collaborations and contributions from many groups from federal and state agencies, and from private and academic institutions. NUDAPT will produce gridded outputs of urban parameters capable of driving current (Dupont et al ., 2004, Otte et al, 2004, Chen et al., 2006, 2007a, b , Park et al., 2007, Taha et al., 2007a, b, Ching et al., 2004) and future advanced urban meteorological (Martilli, 2007, Martilli and Schmitz, 2007) and ai r quality models. Additionally, ancillary data will be included such as gridded population, energy usage and traffic (Burian et al., 2007b) so as to encour age and facilitate linkages to air quality and human exposure models. Portal technology is incorporated to enable NUDAPT to be a "Community" based system, an important core-design feature. This webbased technology will facilitate data retrievals an d handling based on data federation concepts. Houston Texas will serve as NUDAPT's initial prototype; it will feature advanced urban canopy implementations of the Mesoscale Meteorological model, Version 5 (MM5) as well as the Weather Research and Forceast (WRF) models; thus serving to demonstrate the NUDAPT features, including scope of the data and processing methodologies for eventual extension to all other cities.


The Geothermal Direct Use Engineering and Design Guidebook is designed to be a comprehensive, thoroughly practical reference guide for engineers and designers of direct heat projects. These projects could include the conversion of geothermal energy into space heating and cooling of buildings, district heating, greenhouse heating, aquaculture and industrial processing. The Guidebook is directed at understanding the nature of geothermal resources and the exploration of the resources, fluid sampling techniques, drilling, and completion of geothermal wells through well testing, and reservoir evaluation. It presents information useful to engineers on the specification of equipment including well pumps, piping, heat exchangers, space heating equipment, heat pumps and absorption refrigeration. A compilation of current information about greenhouse aquaculture and industrial applications is included together with a discussion of engineering cost analysis, regulation requirements, and environmental consideration. The purpose of the Guidebook is to provide an integrated view for the development of direct use projects for which there is a very large potential in the United States.


A patient with end-stage renal disease scheduled for renal transplantation presents to the anesthesiologist with many clinical problems. These patients present a unique set of challenges to the anesthetist, who has a crucial role in the immediate success of the transplanted organ. A successful outcome depends on a clear understanding of the clinical issues of renal failure and the choice of an appropriate anesthetic technique for renal transplantation. This article describes the assessment of the patient for renal transplantation, perioperative management and the goals in the postoperative period.


The role of the public agency as a pacer of private sector innovation has been emphasised over the recent years, especially in the context of the EU. The general ambition has been to encourage public agencies to actively stimulate private sector innovation by requesting innovation instead of procuring currently existing products. This has also triggered an increased interest among researchers and practitioners to identify examples of best practice where public agencies have successfully procured innovation. Rather than addressing this demand-oriented perspective this paper focuses on the public agency as an adopter of private-sector innovation, and how this mechanism can contribute to innovation in general. The theoretical point of departure is diffusion theory, with an emphasis on the role of institutions as identified in systemic approaches to innovation studies. A particular concern of this paper is those institutions that hinder or enable adoption of an innovation in an organisational context. The paper draws on an explorative case study looking at the introduction of a new catheter into the English National Health Service supply chain and its diffusion among NHS trusts in England. Different institutional factors are identified which have had an affect on the adoption and diffusion.


Abstract : A numerical model to simulate the bursting of a high-pressure flask of helium gas located within a cylindrical launch tube is described. The model provides an upper estimate for the launch tube wall pressures by assuming that the helium flask failure can be treated as a bursting balloon. The gas dynamic equations for the expansion of the 5000 psig helium region are solved utilizing the finite element program FlexPDE to obtain time-dependent solutions for pressure, gas density, and velocity. The work is motivated by a desire to understand and interpret field tests conducted by NRL at Blossom Point in June 2010, for the experimental fuel cell (XFC) unmanned aerial system (UAS). The primary objective of these tests was to determine the failure mode of the hydrogen fuel flask and the extent of fragmentation damage. The test demonstrated that the fragmentation damage to the XFC launcher tube was minimal. Launch tube side wall and end cap pressure-time measurements were also recorded during the flasks burst for both helium and hydrogen gases. This transducer data is compared with the numerical simulations of the gas dynamic model.


InxGa1-x As crystals with x = 0.25-0.08 have been successfully grown on GaAs seeds by a method of multicomponent zone melting growth. Its alloy composition is found to be controlled by the growth temperature. Within an ingot, a good uniformity in the alloy composition along the direction normal to the growth is also achieved. The alloy composition gradually changes along the growth direction in the ingot, and this change is well explained by a temperature profile in the growth furnace.


Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), due to their large dimension in conventional semiconductors, require a serious reduction in it while maintaining their electronic properties. Although the use of 2D materials has been able to reduce the size of the devices, they still suffer from both extreme sensitivity to defects and low current density. In this paper, a new integrated RTD with about 3nm length that has similar features to those found in the conventional semiconductors is proposed. The use of compound 2-D materials with high unit cell similarity to get both advantages of them along with bipolar doping is one of the ideas that has led to the improved structure. Peak-to-Valley current ratio studies, as well as the effects of geometric parameters on the electronic properties, indicate that this diode can alternate the silicon resonant tunneling diodes. Finally, as the most important consideration, the robustness to edge defects has been proven.


Objective To discuss the treatment effect of labium mucosa reconstruction on coloboma of punctum.Methods Make use of free mucosa of 12 patients′ labium as a substitute of conjunctiva of lids to reconstruct punctum.Results One eye involved with coloboma of punctum after resection of eyelid tumor was closed-up as the result of cicatricial tissue′s contraction;11 of all the cases were excellent following up 3 months.Conclusion The appearance of the punctum was normal after operation,meanwhile no omplications such as entropion or ectropion was observed.The reconstruction of punctum with labium mucosa could be a promising surgical treatment for punctal coloboma.


Major online platforms such as Face book, Google, and Twitter allow third-party applications such as games, and Productivity applications access to user online private data. Such accesses must be authorized by users at installation time. The Open Authorization protocol (OAuth) was introduced as a secure and efficient method for authorizing third-party applications without releasing a user's access credentials. However, OAuth implementations don't provide the necessary fine-grained access control, nor any recommendations. We propose a multicriteria recommendation model that utilizes application-based, user-based, and category-based collaborative filtering mechanisms. Our collaborative filtering mechanisms are based on previous user decisions, and application permission requests to enhance the privacy of the overall site's user population.


Objective: To generalize the nutrient composition and pharmacologic effect of edible mushroom. Method: Reading and reviewing the related domestic and foreign literatures in recent years. Results: To sum up the present research situation of the nutrient composition and pharmacologic effect of edible mushroom. Conclusions: Edible mushroom contain amino acid, proteins, saccharide, fats, vita- mins and mineral elements etc. There are effects of antitumor, lowering lipoidemia, antivirus, immunity regulation, protect liver and detoxify, and high value in the nutrition and drugs.


The special lead filter, which is descriptionbed, was designed to reduce the dose to the central pelvis while raising that to the pelvic walls and vicinity, when using two fields in parallel opposition in the anteroposterior direction in postradium supplementary gamma ray therapy.


The followings were the Naijing Temporary Government's financialachievements: Firstly, Reforming the Daqing Bank and setting up the China bank; secondly, issuing military currency and new currency; thirdly, reforming old currency system; Lastly, issuing bond for Army.


cis-2,3-diaminomaleonitrile (cis-DAMN, 1), which may be converted photochemically into an imidazole intermediate (4amino-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile, AICN, 2). Although this reaction has been investigated in detail since its discovery by Ferris and Orgel in 1966, the mechanism of the photochemical steps remains unresolved. Herein, we address this issue from a theoretical perspective: by the use of computational chemistry and chemical kinetics we show that among a number of possibilities, including all those previously proposed, there is only one sequence of steps that is thermodynamically and kinetically compatible with the experimental conditions. One of the most appealing features of the DAMN! AICN reaction is its robustness. It was observed in a large variety of solvents (polar and nonpolar), with several enaminonitrile derivatives, and at diverse concentrations and temperatures. The imidazole derivative 2 is photostable (5% reduction in absorbance after irradiation at 254 nm for 3 h; see also Ref. [7] on imidazole photostability) and resistant to hydrolysis (lifetime: 2000 years at pH 8). These characteristics imply that different prebiotic environments, either terrestrial or extraterrestrial, could have been the source of AICN (2) in the prebiotic world. The accumulation of AICN, however, requires relatively large HCN concentrations (> 10 m). This requirement sets a first relevant environmental constraint: such high HCN concentrations are only possible in low-temperature environments, such as ice and eutectic water–HCN phases. Therefore, any realistic mechanism cannot count on high thermal energy in addition to the photon energy. The number of photons and intermediates involved in the photochemical steps is unknown (Scheme 2). The process


The method of continuously polymerizing and accumulating different favorable genes was used.The breeding practice of heterosis utilization between indica and japonica lasted for 21 years and went through 4-selected phases.32 derived lines of the hybrid breeding indica-japonica rice were bred.The effect and effective utilization of the derived lines in improving indica-japonica hybrid rice were evaluated.The breeding process and the analysis of the yield-related traits of the derived lines show that: the breeding of the derived lines is a process of gradual recognization and improvement.First,at the early stage of breeding,many wide compability genes and restoring genes should be polymerized and special attention should be paid to the tillering ability,the 1000-grain weight and the shattering trait.At the middle stage,the problems in practical production should be solved and the agronomic traits and the grain plumpness should be improved.In the practical stage,the goal of the application and popularization of the derived lines can be achieved.Second,the selection of the offsprings of restorer line in hybrid breeding indica-japonica rice differs from the conventional selection.The best way to select the offsprings of restorer line is that restorer line should be crossed with many different cytoplasmic sterile lines.Third,in order to enhance the heterosis,enlarge the genetic difference of inter-subspecific parents and moderately enhance japonica composition while improving the comprehensive characters of restorer line.Fourth,continuously polymerizing and accumulating favorable genes and combination of good plant-type,high yield,good quality,stress-resistance and adaptability is the breeding strategy and technique to select practical,strong superior indica-japonica hybrid rice.


.
 In this contribution we outline the potential for spoken document retrieval from the perspective of professional scholarly users in the field of oral history.


Understanding of genetic diversity among the genotypes is the mainstay of plant breeding. The present study was carried
out to determine genetic divergence among 59 common beans genotypes collected from North West Himalaya for nine agromorphological traits. The analysis of variance depicted significant variability among genotypes for all the traits under study
indicating wide range of variability present in bean genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic
coefficient of variation (GCV) was high for seed yield per plant followed by days to bud initiation. High heritability was also
observed for all traits except pod length. Cluster analysis grouped bean genotypes into five distinct clusters. The genotypes
under group II, III, V have more number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and single plant yield which can be utilized as
potential donors for enhancing the yield of other genotypes in breeding programmes. Hence, the selection based on these yield
contributing traits may helpful in future crop improvement programmes


Abstract GENETIC differences in resistance to different infectious diseases of chickens have been extensively studied by a large number of investigators. Since Hutt (1949) has recently reviewed the field it is not necessary to cover the same ground here, except to list the particular diseases for which genetic information is available. They include avian diphtheria (Frateur, 1924), fowl typhoid (Lambert and Knox, 1932), pullorum (Roberts and Card, 1935), and lymphomatosis (Asmundson and Biely, 1932; Taylor, Lerner, DeOme and Beach, 1943; Hutt and Cole, 1948; and many others). Although the various respiratory diseases to which chickens are subject are extremely common in the field, so far apparently no demonstration of genetic variation in resistance to any of them has appeared in the literature. The purpose of the present report is to record the evidence for the existence of such variation in the University of California flock of Single Comb White Leghorns. This . . .


In this paper, the fluid equation approach is used to analyze the time evolution of the plasma rotation and the ambipolar electric field in a nonsymmetric toroidal plasma subject to an external biasing voltage induced by a probe. Under consideration is a plasma with low rotation speed in the Pfirsch–Schluter or the plateau regime that includes the effects of a background neutral gas. A time‐dependent charge conservation equation is used to determine the ambipolar electric field as a function of time. It is found that, after the application of the biasing voltage, the electric field and the plasma rotation change quickly and reach steady‐state after a time inversely proportional to the sum of the momentum damping rates due to parallel viscosity and ion–neutral collisions. The steady state is characterized by a radial electric field and a plasma rotation that are proportional to the electric current flowing through the biasing probe. The direction of the plasma flow is determined by the relative magnitude o...


Two equations were developed to predict distance in a restricted standing vertical jump (RVJ). Body composition and strength related variables generated via velocity-spectrum squats were obtained on 52 men and 50 women. Eight squat variables at 4 velocities were selected as potential predictors of RVJ performance. These variables along with body weight, body fat, and gender were used to generate two explanatory regressions. R values ranged from 0.80 to 0.83, and SEE ranged from 0.045 to 0.048 meters for the two equations. Variables with a positive relationship to RVJ were relative peak power at each individual's optimal velocity for power production and at 1.43 m · s–1. Variables with a negative relationship were relative peak force and % body fat. It appears that (a) the more relative squatting power a person can generate at moderately fast squatting velocities, the greater the RVJ distance; and (b) excessive body fat and the ability to generate high relative squatting forces at slow velocities attenuate the predicted distance.


Royal Infirmary Cliniques. Ey Alex. James, M.D., E.R.C.S.E. Post 8vo., pp. 166. Illustrated. (Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd. 1896.) This small volume, containing sixteen clinical lectures by a teacher of experience, belongs to a class of medical literature which is especially valuable to the advanced student of medicine and to young practitioners. When a fair knowledge of systematic medicine has been acquired, it is by hearing such lectures as these, or by reading them, that practitioners and students are enabled to appreciate the lessons of individual cases as they are viewed from the standpoint of a cultured physician who, by long practice in teaching, has acquired those methods of scientific precision which are invaluable at the bedside, and which distinguish the clinician from the bookworm.


COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and became a global pandemic, the worst global crisis since the Second World War. During this pandemic, workplace health and safety training should be provided to all levels of employees to improve their awareness, knowledge, and attitudes to health and safety in the workplace. Previous studies demonstrated that employees' awareness of the risks associated with the pandemic could influence their attitudes and behaviours. According to the protection motivation theory, behaviour adjustment may be achieved by playing to people's fears. Therefore, workplace health and safety training pandemic could have an
impact on employees' perceived risk of COVID-19, which, in turn, influences their behavioural safety compliance and their perceived job insecurity. The questionnaire included two main information sections: sociodemographic- and work-related information and measurement scales. Concretely, the first section consisted of information related to respondent's characteristics, including age (4 categories), gender (2 categories), position (4 categories), type of work contract (3 categories), size of working organization (7 categories) and type of working organization (3 categories), organization type (5 categories), industry (6 categories), and working mode change due to COVID-19 (4 categories: constant, switch to working at home completely, about a half of work being done at home, and a small part of work being done at home). To fully complete the form, respondents spent about 12 min. Seven hundred thirty-two valid responses were collected through a two-wave survey.


We study event horizon candidates for slowly evolving dynamical black holes (BHs) in General Relativity and Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. Such a type of horizon candidate has been termed as slowly evolving null surface (SENS). It signifies a near-equilibrium state of a dynamic BH. We demonstrate the time evolution of such surfaces for three different metrics. First, we locate such a surface for a charged Vaidya metric and show that the parameter space of the BH gets constrained to allow a physically admissible SENS. We then consider a supertranslated Vaidya solution that contains a non-spherical horizon and study the properties of the SENS. This spacetime generates a non-vanishing shear at the SENS due to the presence of the supertranslation field. The SENS for a spherically symmetric Vaidya-like solution in EGB gravity yields a bound on the accretion rate that depends on the size of the horizon. We also show that the first and second laws of BH mechanics can be established for these slowly evolving surfaces.


Against the background of raw material shortage and the ever-expanding environmental consciousness, the use of biodegradable greases becomes more and more important. The aim of this experimental work is to investigate the tribological response of completely biodegradable greases. Complete biodegradable lubricating greases were formulated with high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and/or castor oil, and different biodegradable thickener agents such as natural cellulose fibers of different lengths and some derivatives, as well as glyceryl and sorbitan stearates. To investigate the friction process, the model greases were tribologically examined with a nanotribometer at a normal force of 200 mN using a material combination of a steel ball on a steel disc. All frictional results, along with the volumes of wear tracks and micrographs of the main contacting area on the steel plate, are presented and discussed. In addition to this, rotational transient flow measurements were carried out on a rheometer at different temperatures to monitor the evolution of the shear stress with time at a constant shear rate, and to characterize the internal friction behavior by quantifying the energy density. All results were also analyzed from an energetic point of view.


Modernization of legal system is exoteric and international developing process of law.China ought to transplant developed country's law in this process.Law transplantation does not mean to copy the foreign law word for word.We should conformity the foreign law and the unwritten law of mainland.Do it,we can achieve nationalization of the transplanted law,and create the legal system of modernization of China's characteristic.


This study aims to describe the economic potential of islands in Sumenep District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, carried out by collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews, and data tracking. Sumenep District has the largest number of islands in East Java, 287 islands, spread across nine sub-districts. These islands have considerable economic potential, from oil and gas to fisheries, epinephelinae, cromileptes altivelis, and lobster. This area has a great need for the existence of a transportation network as a means of economic mobility of the community, which also affects the price of basic necessities far higher than the area of Sumenep Regency on the mainland, Madura Island and Java Island.


Graph Colouring is a chief element in graph theory with tremendous applicability in computer science like data mining, clustering, networking, image segmentation etc. And a variety of implementations in aircraft scheduling, register allocation, sudoku, mobile networking, etc. Various algorithms were contrived for vertex colouring. This paper defines the HB colour matrix method and its kinds. There are three types of such matrices, Vertex HB colour matrix (VHBCM), Edge HB Colour matrix (EHBCM), and Region HB colour matrix (RHBCM). Also, the HB colour matrix algorithm is developed using a special assignment method, which gives the chromatic number of the given graph. Further, the algorithm is used to develop the python program, giving time complexity O(n) and space complexity O(n2). Also, the output of the python program for some standard graphs is calculated. The Similar algorithm can be developed for edge and face colouring of the graphs. Colouring of the graph further can be extended to perfect colouring.


The invention discloses an automatic charging system for an electric vehicle based on the internet of things and a rail-type power supply pile. The automatic charging system comprises a vehicle electricity taker, the rail-type power supply pile and an automatic charging control system based on the internet of things. Full automation of charging of the electric vehicle on the roadside can be realized, the automatic charging system is convenient, stable, reliable and easy to maintain, and the best solution for conveniently charging the electric vehicle on the roadside is realized. By employment of electricity-taking and charging modes of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle can be conveniently charged on the roadside, and all open-air parking lots, auxiliary roads and garages can be used as charging places for the electric vehicle, so charging of the electric vehicle is not limited in a special charging station, and the automatic charging system accords with the vehicle using habits of a vast majority of vehicle owners, and has high vitality and practicability and a wide development prospect.


In this paper we propose a blind deconvolution algorithm for wide field fluorescence microscopy. The 3D PSF is modeled after a parametrized pupil function. The PSF parameters are estimated jointly with the object in a maximum a posteriori framework. We illustrate the performances of our algorithm on experimental data and show significant resolution improvement notably along the depth. Quantitative measurements on images of calibration beads demonstrate the benefits of blind deconvolution both in terms of contrast and resolution compared to non-blind deconvolution using a theoretical PSF.


Claire Taylor and Niamh Thornton describe their experience of hosting a "writing sprint", a time-limited exercise in which academics from many disciplines and from all over the world were brought together virtually to produce an academic article. Despite certain challenges, the writing sprint proved a great way of facilitating collaborations and providing opportunities for reflections on the process of writing itself. It also led to the contributors producing a much richer output, one that combined their diverse skills, expertise, and perspectives.


INTRODUCTION The adoption of visual score traits is advantageous for genetic improvement of carcass-related traits (muscling and fat thickness) as compared with the traditional progeny tests and post mortem evaluation, due to reduction in time and costs to reach results. Existence of genetic variability of morphologic traits in Nelore cattle is indicated by the heritability estimates for carcass-related visual scores and body measurements (Lima et al., 1989; Eler et al., 1996; Koury Filho, 2001; Van Melis et al., 2003).


(2006). Forum: In Defense of the Dichotomy: A Response to James H. Svara. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 140-147.


Based on the research of micro-arc oxidation process and load characteristics,the new pulse mode with a discharge circuit is put forward.On this basis,the micro-arc oxidation power supply with multiple output mode is developed, while the 80C196KB MCU is used as the core of control system.Then,through the structure topology of main circuit and control of SCR-triggering and IGBT drive,the power-supply can produce three kinds of output mode(pulse with discharge circuit,unipolar pulse and bipolar pulse).Furthermore,the pulse amplitude,frequency and duty cycle have a very wide adjustment range.Besides,the current and voltage are also captured and displayed in real-time during the process of micro-arc


The problem of autonomy exists in any democratic state, being a fundamental principlewhich underpins the development of local government. Local collectivities activity is inextricablylinked to the concept stated, local autonomy is the right of communities to solve and managethemselves public issues.Our scientific approach aims at defining, analyzing and configuring the structural elements of localautonomy. To understand the complex meaning of autonomy in local public administrationmanagement we intend to identify the elements that form its structure and gives it consistency, i.e.organizational, functional and administrative components.In addition, the provision and implementation of local autonomy is a goal of all European states,their constitutions assigning a primordial role to this principle, whose importance in the organizationand functioning of local public administration is undeniable.


TiO2−B is a highly promising anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Computational studies based on density functional theory (DFT) have been carried out on this material focusing on key issues relating to lithium insertion sites and lithium diffusion paths. Our simulation model shows good reproduction of the observed crystal structure of TiO2−B. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the lowest energy lithium site is a slightly off-center position in the b-axis channel for low lithium concentration (x < 0.125 for LixTiO2−B). Our calculated cell voltages are compatible with values from electrochemical measurements. Low Li migration energies are found for pathways along the b-axis channel and the [001] c-axis direction, suggesting significant Li ion mobility in this anode material.


There is provided a method of producing a web-like semiconductor device structure. The method begins by providing a substrate with a bulk semiconductor material. The method continues by forming a semiconductor fin structure is made of the bulk semiconductor material by an insulating material is deposited over the semiconductor fin structure so that the insulating material adjacent to the semiconductor fin structure the space area fills, and by the deposited insulating material and the semiconductor fin structure are leveled, so that a flat surface is produced. Then, a replacement gate process is carried out to form a gate structure across the semiconductor fin structure.


Low-temperature specific-heat data obtained in a single crystal of (${\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{4}$NMn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ (TMMC) are presented. The experiments were performed in a variety of magnetic field strengths between 0 and 10 T. For magnetic fields oriented parallel to the chain axis, linear excitations were found to adequately describe the magnetic specific heat. When the magnetic field was perpendicular to the chain axis, these excitations alone were not sufficient and the addition of nonlinear (solitonlike) excitations were required. At low field the sine-Gordon model appears to be adequate but not the simple ideal soliton-gas phenomenology which, with the neglecting of the interaction terms, is not realistic in the temperature range where the specific-heat peak occurs. At high field ($Hg5$ T) the sine-Gordon model is no longer adequate for TMMC, which is now described by a model with small deviations from the axial symmetry. For the latter model, numerical transfer-matrix calculations are presented which are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The influence of the quantum effects is also discussed.


Material handling, it means handling the material like moving from one place to another place and lifting to higher grounds, loading and unloading, it is one of the important tasks in everyone's day to day life whether it is in a small scale, We need to lift objects and weights every day even in houses like carrying gas cylinders from outer gate to kitchen and moving some kind of heavy weights.In some ware houses and industries workers are employed specially to perform the task of material handling, to lift and move objects from one place to another. Workers who perform this kind of task for their entire shift they tend to experience fatigue in their muscles and at the end of the shift they feel tired after working years on this kind of jobs the workers are mostly likely to get affected by musculoskeletal disorder.


This article provides an analysis of the references to education in values present in the Spanish educational legislation since the reform of the nineties, the LOGSE known, came into force. It provides a review of the legal reforms after the LOGSE, as to the indications of an overall educational process that focuses on educating and forming critical citizens. Legal references are a part, almost most of what we might call focused on diversity legislation. That is, although general references are included to ensure the treatment was done on this subject, in particular, have mentioned many others who have gone according to the situation of educational change was producing in the country, derived from the multicultural context. The conclusion is shown how the total educational process, understood and applied as such, can make learners competent citizens in multiple categories and thus improve their quality of life, provided that takes into account the importance of globality of the process, and to this end, it is essential that legislation and organize to defend him as such.


The polarization errors of optical circuit limit the accuracy of the quasi-reciprocal reflective optical voltage sensor.The transmission models of discrete optical components and the splice points were developed based on the theory of Jones matrix.Also,a comprehensive transmission model of optical system was derived.The influences of polarization errors on the system performance were analyzed and simulated theoretically.The theoretical and experimental results show that the sensitivity is dependent on factors including the degree of polarization of the light source,the extinction ratio of the polarizer and the azimuth angle between the principle axes of the polarizer and the modulator,the polarization errors induced by which exhibit no influences on the accuracy when the gain of the electrical circuit is large enough.The polarization errors induced by the rotation angle of Faraday rotator,the azimuth angle of the collimator-Faraday rotator with respect to the BGO crystal can mainly result in measurement error,which is sensitive to the environmental changes and brings on the output drift.According to the standard of IEC 60044-7 0.2S,the rotation angle of Faraday rotator and the azimuth angle between collimator-Faraday rotator and BGO crystal should be less than 1.6° and 1.85°,respectively.It is also useful to the design of the optical circuit and the errors compensation of the quasi-reciprocal reflective optical voltage sensor.


Quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs) have a wide range of applications in signal processing and wireless communications. Non-convex QCQPs are NP-hard in general. Existing approaches relax the non-convexity using semi-definite relaxation (SDR) or linearize the non-convex part and solve the resulting convex problem. However, these techniques are seldom successful in even obtaining a feasible solution when the QCQP matrices are indefinite. In this letter, a new feasible point pursuit successive convex approximation (FPP-SCA) algorithm is proposed for non-convex QCQPs. FPP-SCA linearizes the non-convex parts of the problem as conventional SCA does, but adds slack variables to sustain feasibility, and a penalty to ensure slacks are sparingly used. When FPP-SCA is successful in identifying a feasible point of the non-convex QCQP, convergence to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point is thereafter ensured. Simulations show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in obtaining feasible and near-optimal solutions, significantly outperforming existing approaches.


French publications dealing with old age from a social science perspective are relatively rare; indeed, if one excludes official reports, such as those of the Commissions d'Etude, etc., sociological treatments of the elderly and the policies directed towards them are almost entirely restricted to short reports of limited circulation. In this context the appearance of the present book constitutes an outstanding effort on two separate grounds; first, because it is published by a large publishing house with a big circulation and second, because it has as its theme the formation and development of French policy on the elderly. Anne-Marie Guillemard comes to the present work after having presented a sociological analysis of retirement {Retirement, a Social Death, Paris, Mouton, 1972). Her approach to her current topic is summarized in a series of interrelated questions, viz: 'As a result of what social logic and under the influence of which social groups are the politics of old age constituted ? What are their stated intentions? What are their effects and which interests do they satisfy?'


The overall purpose of this licentiate thesis is to explore how different media is considered and valued by teachers in an interdisciplinary project in which the subjects of Art and Swedish are inc ...


Direct adaptive controller is developed and incorporated into a missile's attitude control system (ACS) architecture to enhance its performance in the presence of system uncertainties. The adaptive control algorithm is developed based on the simplified version of model reference adaptive control concept. It possesses two practical performance features: (1) providing robust performance for the ACS system without the need of a parameter estimator, and (2) ease of implementation which is practically attractive to the enhancement of the ACS performance. Its development and implementation are intended to primarily provide a better solution to the center of gravity (CG) control problem when firing a divert thruster with the line of force offset from its center of mass. Robustness of the adaptive controller subject to Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) uncertainties is also tested in this paper as the secondary objective.


fects stem from structural features of the shock wave in the plasma, primarily the discontinuity against the backgrcund of a continuous change in the electron temperature. A more detailed analysis of the data available will require a substantial extension of the theory for the stmcture of the shock wave. In particular, it will be necessary to incorporate the time variation and contribution of ionization and recombination processes to the energy ' balance. 'v. A. Boiko, B. A. Bryunetkin. F. V. Bunkin. e t al.. Fiz. Plazmy 10. 5 (1984) [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 10. 1(1984)1. 'v. A. Boiko, B. A. ~ r ~ u n e r k i n y ~ . V. Bunkin. e r al.. Kvantovaya Elektron. (Moscow) 10. 901 (1983) [Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 13. 565 (1983)l. 'v. A. ~ o i k z ~ . V. Bunkin, V. I. Derzhiev. er al.. ~ i s % a Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 9, 1067 (1983) [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 9 ,459 (1983)l. '2. R. Srriganov and G. A. Odintsova. Tables of Spectral Linu of Atoms and Ions [in Russian]. fnergoizdat. Moscow (1982).


In a patient with overt primary hypothyroidism, management is usually straightforward: treatment with thyroxine should be offered to anyone with characteristic clinical features, a raised serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and a low serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. More difficult is the management of a patient with subclinical hypothyroidism, in whom serum TSH is raised but T4 level is normal, and who is either asymptomatic or has only non-specific symptoms. Left untreated, some of these patients will eventually develop overt hypothyroidism. Here we discuss the use of thyroxine in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.


A group of 685 obstetric patients were randomly allocated to have their epidural block performed using either a 16‐gauge or an 18‐gauge Tuohy needle. Bleeding was noted from needle or catheter trauma in 18% of patients and it proved impossible to insert the catheter in 3%. The majority of mothers experienced little discomfort during the procedure but 2% found insertion to be very uncomfortable. There was no significant difference in the complication rate, ease of use, or patient discomfort between the 18‐ or 16‐gauge needles. Epidural analgesia, although safe, is not without hazard. It may be difficult to perform and may, rarely, cause considerable discomfort.


The study determined the internet technology competencies required by teachers of office technology and management for teaching in Polytechnics in North central Nigeria. The study identified 15 critical internet technology competencies required by OTM teachers. One research question guided the study and the hypothesis of no significant difference was tested using the independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The population of the study consisted of 85 teachers of office technology and management (OTM) drawn from Polytechnics in North central Nigeria. The entire population was adopted as the sample in view of the small size. The main instrument for data collection was a four point rating scale questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The mean was used to answer the research questions while the standard deviation was used to determine the closeness or otherwise of the responses from the mean. The findings revealed that OTM teachers highly required internet technology competencies in the use of Wi-Fi to gain access to teaching resources via internet, use of cloud computing for storing and sharing files, use of file transfer protocol to upload and download files, the use of collaborative sites and software, the use of social media platforms for teaching in Polytechnics. The study further revealed that there was no significant difference between the mean response of experienced and less experienced teachers of OTM on the internet technology competencies needed for teaching in Polytechnics (t 80 = -1.265, P>0.05). It was concluded that OTM teachers must strive to acquire the relevant internet competencies aimed at improving secretarial outcomes. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended among others that School authorities should ensure that teachers are given the opportunities for re-training, in-service training or on-the job training where the identified internet competencies can be acquired. Key words: Internet technology; Competency; Secretarial outcomes.


The invention relates to a preparation method for aroma wing middle joint having bone. The method comprises the following steps: 1, cutting chicken wing middle joint until the bone in the wing middle joint is exposed; 2, uniformly mixing the wing middle joint, salt, sugar, ginger powder, garlic powder, anethum graveolens, baking soda, monosodium glutamate, chicken paste, and perilla frutescens powder; 3, taking starch, adding the main material, the assistant material, the starch to water, and carrying out sousing for 20-30 hours at a temperature of 0-4 DEG C, wherein the weight of the starch is 70-80% of the total weight of the starch; 4, uniformly coating the starch on the soused wing middle joint, wherein the weight of the starch is 20-30% of the total weight of the starch; and 5, placing the starch-coated wing middle joint in a quick freezing machine to carry out quick freezing, and then carrying out packaging and warehousing. The method of the present invention has characteristics of simple process and easy operation, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. The prepared aroma wing middle joint having bone in the present invention has characteristics of attractive surface color, moderate salty flavor, tender and tasty meat, uniform taste, comfort mouthfeel, chicken bone having scorched aroma, and persistent flavor after the wing middle joint is cooked by frying in oil, microwave or firing.


Starting from a hydrocarbon source, a method for producing 1,2-dichloroethane, the a) hydrocarbon source, a first decomposition step, i.e. carried out in degraded furnace, subjected to a pyrolysis step Te, step multiplying step of producing a mixture of decomposition products, the mixture of b) said degradation products, including ethylene and other constituents, making it possible to obtain a mixture of products, a series of processing stages, here, as the processing steps, an aqueous quenching step, to remove at least a majority of carbon dioxide, to produce an alkaline solution, alkaline washing step, and contained in the mixture of the cracked products, the hydrogen sulfide to removal, process including oxidation stage, c) derived from said step b), using a mixture of the decomposition products including ethylene, and at least one fraction containing ethylene, to the heavy fraction separating a fraction containing a d) the ethylene, Conveyed to hydrogenation reactor and / or oxychlorination reactor, in the reactor, most of the ethylene present, the step of conversion to 1,2-dichloroethane, and e) 該得 was 1,2 dichloroethane, from the stream of products derived from the chlorination and oxychlorination reactor, comprising the steps of separating.


The demand for organic products has been increasing since people are becoming more health and ecoconscious.
Although many claim their produce as...


The basis accountant reality model project course is to take representative economy business item as logic mainline,to consult about,decision-making,the plan,are put into effect,go over and estimates that six process carries out the development project course.


: Thermography is commonly applied for determining abnormalities in various systems. Thermal image analysis can identify different issues on objects. Infrared inspection has wide application in various fields such as medicine, electrical engineering, and construction. The images in this technology are obtained by colouring using pseudo-colours that correspond to the radiative energy of detected items. The infrared detector registers surface temperatures in the surrounding and maps them to the corresponding colours according to the specific colour palette. This paper presents methods that can be applied in the processing for thermal images in order to simplify the inspection of temperature levels.


The study try to develop construct of the harmonious mental model in Chinese culture based on grounded theory.It took the author six months to get first data from five companies by field research.The author then analyzes compares and generalizes all of the data using grounded theory.By doing this,the author finds that the harmonious mental model is constituted of three dimensions,which are the altruistic behavior tendency,harmonious thinking manner and harmonious faith.


With the advancement of computing power of Smartphones, they seem to be a better option to be used as an Assistive Technology for the visually impaired. In this paper we have discussed an application which allows visually impaired users to detect objects of their choice in their environment. We have made use of the Tensorflow Lite Application Programmable Interface (API), an API by Tensorflow which specifically runs models on an Android Smartphone. We have discussed the architecture of the API and the application itself. We have discussed the performance of various types of models such as MobileNet, ResNet & Inception. We have compared the results of the various Models on their size, accuracy & inference time(ms) and found that the MobileNet has the best performance. We have also explained the working of our application in detail.


In the barn feeding process of sheep,different feed additives will affect their performance.Recent studies show that the rare earth elements added to the feed can increase meat production rate,lambing rate,feed conversion ratio,meat quality,wool length and disease-resistance at varying degrees in sheep reared in barn.The paper reviews the research progress in the effects of rare earth element used as feed additive on daily gain in sheep reared in barn.


The CoSm magnetic layer with a thickness of 30 nm was grown at a pressure of 20 mTorr on the Cr underlayer prepared with different Ar sputtering pressures. The effect of underlayer deposition conditions on magnetic interaction mechanism and magnetization reversal phenomenon was investigated. The Henkel plot, IFF and ΔM obtained from measurement curves showed that the dipole interaction was dominant in all samples, but the strength of the dipole interaction decreased with increasing sputtering pressure. In addition, all samples were found to be the dominant reversal phenomenon of the domain wall motion controlled by the domain wall pinning.


The number of artists who express themselves through music in an unconventional way is constantly growing. This trend strongly depends on the high diffusion of laptops, which proved to be powerful and flexible musical devices. However laptops still lack in flexible interface, specifically designed for music creation in live and studio performances. To resolve this issue many controllers have been developed, taking into account not only the performer's needs and habits during music creation, but also the audience desire to visually understand how performer's gestures are linked to the way music is made. According to the common need of adaptable visual interface to manipulate music, in this paper we present a custom tridimensional controller, based on Open Sound Control protocol and completely designed to work inside Virtual Reality: simple geometrical shapes can be created to directly control loop triggering and parameter modification, just using free hand interaction.


Under severe accident conditions, the most crucial action for recovery from the accident state is to cool the core debris and prevent or terminate attack on the remaining fission product barriers. One means of preventing attack on the containment structures is to retain the core debris within the reactor vessel. Some accident situations could result in the transport of molten core debris to the lower plenum, as occurred to some extent ([approximately]20 tonnes) during the TMI-2 accident, boiloff of water in the lower plenum, and an inability to add water to the reactor coolant system (RCS). In this extreme set of circumstances, sufficient external reactor pressure vessel (RPV) cooling may be available to prevent failure of the RPV lower head and, thereby, retain the core debris within the vessel. Containment configurations like Zion would result in substantial accumulation of water around the lower parts of the reactor vessel for most accident sequences. The experiments which were performed in support of the Commonwealth Edison individual plant examination and accident management programs, are heat transfer tests designed to demonstrate that nucleate boiling is the dominant heat removal process from the outer surface of a simulated RPV lower head surrounded by typical reflectivemore » insulation used in nuclear power plants.« less


The use of a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl sulfate delitio, lauric acid and salts thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for deactivating a non-enveloped virus.


It was becoming a fashion discussing about criminal legal norm in the works of jurisprudence of criminal law. However, there generally exist differences to the understanding of its definitions. The relevant differences mainly concerned with three questions, namely how to treat the belongings of criminal legal norm, how to deal with the differentiae specifics in its definitions and how to understand the quantities of its definitions. Actually, Looking from the logic, they should be admitted that criminal legal norm might have many kinds of belongings, but it might be more desirable making it belong to legal norm, that if so, as long as they were its differentiae which could differentiate it from the other legal norm, they might all assume the responsibilities as differentiae specifics, and that it might correspondingly have kinds of definitions in quantity.


Given the importance and roles of brands and their component in the marketing literature, the objectives of this study was to examine the effect of brand credibility and prestige on consumers' purchase intention under different levels of product involvement. In the research, roles of perceived value for money, Perceived quality, Perceived risk, Information cost saved investigate as moderating role between brand credibility , prestige and purchase intention. For the high and low involvement product categories, an initial pool of four product categories was selected that Mobil was high involvement and chewing gum was low involvement. Results of structural equation modeling from samples of high involvement product category (Mobil) and low involvement product category (chewing gum) identified Personal Involvement Inventory model indicated that brand credibility and brand prestige have positive impact on perceived value for money, perceived quality and information costs saved but a negative impact on perceived risk under low and high involvement product category. Overall, compared with brand prestige, brand credibility was significantly more effective in influencing brand purchase intention process when the product is low involvement.


Objective: The current study examined whether having a positive maternal postpartum depression screening was associated with maternal report of poorer infant social–emotional development and more negative maternal report of parent–child interaction, and whether scores on a measure of maternal feelings of attachment influenced this relationship. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two first-time mothers and their infants were assessed using self-reporting questionnaires when infants were 2 and 6 months of age. At 2 months, mothers were screened for postpartum depression and their feelings of attachment to their infants were also measured. At 6 months, mothers reported on infant social–emotional development and the parent–child interaction. Results: Findings revealed an association between having a positive screening for maternal depression at 2 months, and reports of both at-risk infant social–emotional development and parent–child dysfunctional interaction at 6 months. Further analyses indicated that maternal feelings of attachment mediated rather than moderated these relationships. Conclusions: These results suggest that the association of maternal postpartum depression with later child outcomes may be the result of the negative effects of maternal depression on maternal feelings of attachment to her infant.


Introduction Arguably the most important trend among foundations over the last 10 years has been the shift toward strategic philanthropy. Rather than contenting themselves with the goal of "making good grants," more and more foundations are now committed to using their financial, human, and social capital to achieve discernible impacts in line with their mission.1 As foundations have become more intent on creating positive change in people, neighborhoods, and communities, they have recognized the need to invest in strategies beyond grantmaking (Bernholz, Fulton, & Kasper, 2006). These new strategies include raising key issues on the local or national agenda, convening problem-solving processes, creating and strengthening networks, generating new knowledge, advocating for new policies and practices, and building the capacity of individuals, organizations, and communities (Easterling, 2008; Hamilton, Parzen, & Brown, 2004; Heifetz, Kania, & Kramer, 2004; Irvine Foundation, 2003; Ranghelli, 2006).