As one of the most important proliferous basins in the northeast of China, the proven ration for natural gases in the Bohai Bay Basin is low. In order to figure out the genetic types and origins of natural gases in the Paleogene, a study on their geochemical characteristics (such as C1+, C1/C1+, C1/C2+3, δ13C1, δ13C2) and kinetic behaviour of the lacustrine source rock have been carried out. The relationship between carbon isotopes and components of gases shows that oil-associated gas and coal-derived gas with low mature are the most important types in our research area. The gases were mainly generated from the lacustrine source rocks with type II2-III kerogen. The pyrolysis experiment on the kerogen indicates that the Paleogene source rock entered the main gas window at the late Miocene.


Setting a proper cathode to mould push rods and discharge valves in ionization nitriding,then analyzing and disquisting the nitriding layer,microstructure and rigidity,the results show that the problem on uniform nitriding of mould push rods and discharge valves,which have large ratios of length and radius and are rich in Cr and Ni,can be well solved by the use of hollow cathode effect(HCE) due to a proper assist athode. The effect of the plasma oscillation is activated by HCE on the process of glow discharge ion nitriding and its hardening action has also been discussed.


Gel column chromatography method has shown a substantial potential for scalable metal/semiconductor (M/S) separation and further single-chirality separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [1]. However, the role of the gel is not well known. To get higher separation efficiency, more efforts should be made to clarify the role and to develop novel gels. Commercially available Sephacryl gel (GE Healthcare) has been often used for gel column chromatography. However, Sephacryl gel is not designed for SWCNT separation but is designed for size exclusion chromatography. This suggests the current gel might not be the best gel for SWCNT separation. In the gel column chromatography method, the attractive interaction between semiconducting SWCNTs and gel polymer plays important role. Nevertheless, only one selection of Sephacryl gel limits the possible separation of many types of single-chirality SWCNTs. In this study, as the first step of gel development, we have synthesized dextran-based gels containing different concentrations of allyl dextran as analogues of Sephacryl. Our research showed that more semiconducting (s-) SWCNTs adsorbed in the gels as the ratio of allyl dextran increased, indicating the increase of the adsorption site for s-SWCNTs (Fig. 1). Now we can adjust the chemical structure of the gel to control the interaction between SDS-wrapped SWCNT and the gel. Surprisingly, our best gel adsorbed 15 times more s-HiPco SWCNTs (diameter, 1.00.3 nm) than Sephacryl S-200 did. This means the new gel can separate 15 times more s-SWCNTs without changing column size. This enhancement in the separation efficiency can reduce the cost of industrial scale M/S separation of SWCNTs. Furthermore, all the synthesized gels showed chirality selectivity for the overloading of SWCNT, demonstrating a potential for the single-chirality separation. The newly developed gels will be powerful for the industrial-scale M/S and single-chirality separation of SWCNTs。


Describes an apparatus that uses a table tennis ball as a buoyancy bulb; the buoyancy force is measured by an adaptation of the McBain balance.


The so-called informationization of education is to introduce advanced modern information technology in the traditional education, teaching and management. Compared with ordinary undergraduate colleges, colleges and universities start late and their information construction is also in a backward stage. Since the end of the last century, the Ministry of Education has proposed that China's higher education has developed rapidly in order to "develop vigorously in higher vocational education." The control system is rather lengthy and the system scale is large, resulting in a larger data. The training room will be set up in the colleges and universities to be responsible for the management and maintenance of data. The main functions include: maintaining the safe operation of the server, effectively ensuring data security, being able to respond to and respond to accidents in a timely and effective manner and flexibly managing and distributing effectively. Resources, etc. This paper aims to introduce mainstream cloud computing technology into the information management system of the training room to form a data center system with more efficient operation, more flexible data processing and lower cost.


Abstract : The final report describes research completed during the period 1 July 1963 to 31 December 1969. The primary objectives of the project were as follows: The development of theoretical methods for treating the amplitude and phase characteristics of body waves in the earth. The development of parallel numerical methods for computing the amplitudes and phases of body waves in a radially heterogeneous earth. The application of these results to a more complete understanding of observed long and short period signals from explosions and earthquakes.


The present paper, along with its sequel, establishes the correspondence between the properties of the solutions of a class of PDEs and the geometry of sets in Euclidean space. We settle the question of whether (quantitative) absolute continuity of the elliptic measure with respect to the surface measure and uniform rectifiability of the boundary are equivalent, in an optimal class of divergence form elliptic operators satisfying a suitable Carleson measure condition. The result can be viewed as a quantitative analogue of the Wiener criterion adapted to the singular $L^p$ data case. This paper addresses the free boundary problem under the assumption of smallness of the Carleson measure of the coefficients. Part II of this work develops an extrapolation argument to bootstrap this result to the general case. The ideas in Part I constitute a novel application of techniques developed in geometric measure theory. They highlight the synergy between several areas. The ideas developed in this paper are well suited to study singularities arising in variational problems in a geometric setting.


Study on Ethernet carried out by D V WILSON shows that network traffic presents self- similarity. The self-similarity has large influences on internet service quality. Burst assembly is a critical technique for OBS(Optical Burst Switching) and it will greatly affect the network performance. The influences of different assembly algorithms on self-similarity are different. The simulation results show that the assembly algorithm for OBS can not only reduce self-similarity to a certain degree, but also cut down packet loss rate.


The paper describes the study background of forepoling rig and the principle of drill power pack' s hydraulic system. After analyzing the function of all the system' s components, it establishes the system' s dynamic mathematical model by using power bond graph and state-space method, and simuation studies are made on the drill power pack' s dynamic characteristics, which lay the foundation of system design.


This paper presents the results of three dimensional numerical simulations of centrifuge model tests using a new liquefaction countermeasure for embankment foundation conducted by the authors. Two kinds of centrifuge model tests were conducted in 70g of centrifugal acceleration in order to investigate the basic behavior of embankment during liquefaction with and without countermeasure. A newly developed countermeasure which is considering the constraint effect was adopted in the experiment. Numerical simulations using fully coupled effective stress 3D FEM were carried out to evaluate the experimental results and applicability of the analysis program to solve the practical problem. Conventional countermeasure TOFT method was also analyzed. As a result, analyses showed reasonable agreement with the experiments, therefore it is suggested that the analysis method have a potential applicability to the practical design. Introduction As one of the reliable countermeasures for the liquefaction, lattice shaped ground improve method (TOFT method) has been adopted in Japan. Lattice shaped wall type stabilized bodies are constructed in this method and regarding the depth, whole liquefaction layer is solidified generally. For the spacing of the lattice, 1/2~1/3 of the thickness of liquefaction layer has been proposed in conventional design method to reduce the excess pore pressure inside the improvement effectively (Taya et. al. 2008). As a result, the improvement ratio is around 50%. However, if the deformation control of the ground is the main purpose, larger spacing can be adopted for this purpose by considering the confining effect of the stabilized bodies against the unimproved ground, which was statically examined by Miki et. al. 2011. This new ground improve method considering confining effect is called CGI. With this method, wider spacing of the lattice can be applied and liquefaction layer beneath the stabilized bodies can be left. As a result, the cost of countermeasure can be reduced significantly. A series of centrifugal model tests (half section models) and their 3D FE analysis have been conducted to investigate the effect of the liquefaction countermeasure for embankment foundation using a CGI method (Sreng et al. 2014). By comparing the conventional TOFT method and CGI, it was found that CGI method 1 CEO, NOM Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, email@example.com 2 Researcher, Research and Development Center, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan, email@example.com 3 CTO, NOM Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, email@example.com 4 Director, Miki Geo-Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan, firstname.lastname@example.com 5 Manager, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, email@example.com 6 Manager, Kato construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, firstname.lastname@example.com was effectively controlled the ground deformation and excess pore pressure despite of enlarged spacing of the lattice. Then, two cases of centrifuge model tests of full section model were carried out in order to avoid the boundary effect of the half section model. The first case was without countermeasure and the other case was with CGI method. Numerical simulations using fully coupled effective stress 3D FEM were carried out to evaluate the experimental results and applicability of the analysis program to solve the practical problem. Conventional countermeasure TOFT method was also analyzed. Centrifuge Model Tests Centrifuge mode tests were carried out under centrifugal force field of 70g. The centrifugal model test system used in this study belongs to the Research and Development center of Nippon Koei Co. Ltd., Japan. In the model tests, the input earthquake motion of sine wave (30 waves) with frequency 2.0Hz and maximum acceleration 350gal (prototype scale) was applied. Toyoura sand and Silica sand #3 were used in the tests. The main properties of these sands are summarized in Table 1. Toyoura sand was used for the liquefaction layer and Silica sand #3 was used for the foundation layer. Table 1. Physical properties of test materials Physical properties Toyoura sand Silica sand #3 Maximum grain size, Dmax (mm) 0.425 2 Mean grain size, D50 (mm) 0.169 1.46 Uniformity coefficient, Uc 1.44 1.47 Coefficient of curvature, Uc' 0.974 0.975 Minimum dry density, ρdmin (g/cm) 1.343 1.490 Maximum dry density, ρdmax (g/cm) 1.649 1.673 Density of soil particles, ρs (g/cm) 2.641 2.636 The test cases carried out are summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Test cases for full model (70g) Case Liquefaction countermeasure Case 1 Not adopted Case 2 CGI method Figures 1(a), (b) present the outline of the centrifuge model tests in model scale. Depth of liquefaction layer corresponds to 10m of prototype scale. The model for stabilized bodies were made by mixing sand with cement then cured one week in the form aiming the target unconfined compression strength (qu) 1000kN/m. Model ground was prepared in a rigid soil container with dimensions of 1000×490×200 mm by an air pluviation method and resulting relative density of the sand was 60%. The embankment was made by compacting the mixed material of Toyoura sand 80% and kaolin clay 20% into an embankment mold with its wet density 1.9g/cm then frozen before mounted on the sand layer. (a) Without Countermeasure (Case 1) (b) CGI method (Case 2) Figure 1. Centrifuge model (full model) Numerical Simulation In order to simulate the test results numerically, 3D version of LIQCA (Oka et al. 2006) was used. LIQCA is a fully coupled FEM for liquefaction analysis. Three cases carried out are listed in Table 3. Table 3. Analytical cases Case Liquefaction countermeasure Simulated centrifuge test Case A-1 Not adopted Case 1 Case A-2 CGI method Case 2 Case A-3 TOFT method The model meshes used are illustrated in Figure 2-4. Eight node solid element with one integration point was used. Half portion was modelled because of their symmetry. Regarding the total volume of stabilized body, CGI method is about 63% of TOFT method. 20 90


A paper roll storage and paper towel dispenser for storing rolls of paper and dispensing towels therefrom in a space-saving manner. The paper roll storage and paper towel dispenser includes a container assembly including a container having a bottom wall, side walls, a front wall, and an open top; and also including a lid assembly including a lid being hingedly attached to the container and being closeable over the open top, and also including a handle securely attached to the lid; and further includes a bracket assembly being securely attached to the container for supporting a roll of paper thereupon.


The appropriate rationing of NPK is a core problem in biofertilizer production.  In this study, a 30-liter bench-scale anaerobic biodigester for biofertilizer production from solid waste was fabricated using galvanized steel sheet. About 4kg of chicken dung, 7.5 kg of wastewater treatment sludge, and 0.5 kg of banana peel are mixed, a total of 12kg, the substrate is then mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1. (w/w) 24 kg of the slurry is fed into the biodigester. The slurry is allowed to stay for 37 days at mesophilic temperature. The pH of the digestion is between 6-7, and the temperature is within the range of 25-34oC. The amount of total solid, moisture content, ash, and volatile matter of the feedstock after digestion decreases by about 31%,47%,67%, and 69%. Moreover, an increase in the amount of nitrogen content from 0.3783% to 0.6420%, phosphorous from 0.1903% to 0.2983%, and potassium from 0.1876% to 0.3153% was also observed. After digestion the biofertilizer produced has an appropriate ratio of 2:1:1. For the kinetic study, the specific growth was found to be 0.0098hr-1. Also, experimental data for microbial growth obtained from the study fitted the Monod model.


Up to the present time, PID Controller has been widely used to control industrial process loops because of its implementational advantages. However, it is very difficult to achieve an optimal PID gain with no experience, since the parameters of the PID controller has to be manually tuned by trial and error. This paper focuses on tuning of the PID controller using gain/phase margin and immune algorithm. After deciding optimal gain/phase margin specifications for the given process, the gains of PID controller using fitness value of immune algorithm depending on error between optimal gain/phase margin and the gain/phase margin obtained by tuning is tuned for the required response. To improve effectiveness of the suggested scheme, simulation results are compared with the FNN (Fuzzy Neural Network) based responses and illustrate more desirable performance. Key-Words: PID control; Disturbance control; Immune algorithm, PID tuning, Multiobjective control.


Purpose: To demonstrate the advantage of combining a new high‐resolution region‐of‐interest (ROI) microangiographic detector (MA) and a standard x‐ray image intensifier (II), using contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR) of vessel phantoms within a scattering medium. Methods and Materials: The MA was mounted onto a Toshiba Infinix 3000 C‐arm angiographic unit so that the user can switch between the MA and II during an intervention at any viewing angle. Projection images can be acquired at nearly identical geometry with either detector, allowing for accurate inter‐comparisons. CNRs were measured for vessel phantoms (50–1000μm inner‐diameter polyethylene tubing) filled with iodine‐contrast agent and placed on a uniform head‐equivalent phantom used to simulate the scatter and beam hardening effects of the head. Both detectors were operated with optimal exposure techniques (allowing the II system to choose the 'best' kVp and mAs settings and selecting an exposure (mAs) that provides a sufficiently high signal for the MA). The CNR provides a quantitative measure of object visibility in the image, and hence system performance. Results: Compared to the II, the MA provides consistently higher CNR for all vessel sizes, with an average improvement factor (CNRMA/CNRII) of 1.6. A clear trend is observed, with CNR improvement factors increasing with decreasing vessel diameter. Conclusion: A new MA‐II system has been developed allowing use of the high resolution MA as an alternative to a standard II and easy switching between the two during a procedure, when the imaging task demands. The MA is shown to provide increased CNR for all vessel phantoms in a uniform head‐equivalent scattering material. This combined system should lead to improved neurovascular image‐guided interventions. (Partial support from NIH Grants R01EB002873, R01NS43924, Toshiba MedicalSystems Corp., and the Frank B. Silvestro Endowment Scholarship).


In this paper, nickel based 1 layer platinum nanoparticles electrode (Ni-Pt1layer), prepared by spray-pyrolysis technique, it has been tested in order to obtain a complete characterization for the process of anodic oxidation of sulphite to sulphate in alkaline media. This process was investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique and linear polarization. The present study concerns the preliminary evaluation of electrocatalytic properties for this type of electrode toward the electrochemical oxidation of sulphite.


Form the angle of Aesthetic of Reception we study Inquiry Reading-Teaching,and find it composed of three stages of process in reading teaching.ie.the first stage is reading comprehension stage with aesthetic perception;the second stage is interpretation stage with meaning introspection;the third stage is history rebuilding stage with meaning melt.This teaching flow absorbs others' experience in reading teaching research.Most important of all,it introduced stage 3,which expands the reading vision into a deeper historical one and helps students conduct further inquiry.


This study focuses on young adults with mild mental retardation and how their early adult life is a few years after leaving high school. They have grown up in a society where the view on mentally disabled has undergone big changes. Political decisions regarding handicapped, laws, official principles and social reforms have been dominated by the prinziple of normalization.

The purpose has been to describe how the young adults themselves experience their life. The questions were: How is the every day life for young adults with mild mental retardation? Do they have asset to community support in order to reach as normal life as possible? How satisfied are they with their life?

The investigation is a quality study through interviews with four young adults and their parents. The interviews were based upon the conditions of the functional deficit and earlier experience of research on the subject.

The result showed that the young adults themselves were relatively satisfyed with their adult life. Those who worked also had reached a life that appeared normal from the outside. None of them had applied for support according to LSS. The interviews showed that many lived a pretty lonely life with few contacts outside the family and limited leisure activities.


......................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1: Introduction ............................................. 11 1.1 Justification & background ............................................. 11 1.2 Objectives of the study .................................................... 12 1.3 Scope and outline of the study ........................................ 12 CHAPTER 2: Literature review ..................................... 14 2.1 Definitions ........................................................................ 14 2.2 The government's position in Malawi .............................. 15 2.3 Market definitions and mechanisms ............................... 16 2.4 Waste management techniques ...................................... 18 2.4.1 Dumping ....................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Reusing ........................................................................ 19 2.4.3 Recycling ...................................................................... 19 2.4.4 Composting .................................................................. 20 2.4.5 Incineration with recovery of energy ............................ 20 CHAPTER 3: Methods and approaches ....................... 22 3.1 Research purpose ........................................................... 22 3.2 Description of the study areas ......................................... 22 3.2.1 Lilongwe ....................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Blantyre ........................................................................ 27 3.3 Sample design ................................................................. 28 3.4 Methods for data collection ............................................ 30 3.5 Reliability and validity of the methods ............................. 30 3.6 Methods of data analysis ................................................. 30 3.6.1 Organic waste estimation and compost market


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age and gender on skin vessel reactivity to one endothelium-dependent vasodilator (acetylcholine, ACh), and two endothelium-independent vasodilators with different modes of action (nitroprusside and isoprenaline).

METHODS
The substances were iontophoresed into the skin and the results were mapped through a newly developed laser Doppler perfusion imager. Thirty-four healthy, nonsmoking individuals without any medication and without atopic constitution participated in the study. The subjects, 13 men and 21 women, 18 to 80 years of age, were divided into subgroups according to age and gender.

RESULTS
A correlation to age for the vascular responses to nitroprusside and, to a lesser extent, ACh was shown for the women (p = .0036 and .0920 respectively). Differences were also observed between the age and gender subgroups with respect to their response to these two substances: young and, to a lesser extent, middle-aged women differed from elderly women and middle-aged and elderly men. The response to isoprenaline was affected neither by age nor gender.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study suggest that skin vessel reactivity to nitroprusside and, to a lesser extent, ACh is age dependent. This might reflect both functional and structural changes in skin vasculature with aging. Gender differences for these two substances are also suggested, with women exhibiting a greater increase in perfusion after iontophoresis than men. However, higher vasoconstrictor tone among the women may have influenced the results.


In this paper, based on the mathematical model of the permanent-magnet synchronousmotor (PMSM), a PMSM vector control system model has been established in PSIM6.0.In PSIM/SIMCAD, the isolated functional blocks, such as Vector controller block, Phase voltage block, Coordinate transform block, SPWM block, Speed controller block, etc., have been modeled. By the organic combination of these blocks, the control system model of PMSM can be established easily. In the double loop of control system, a PI controller is adopted in the speed loop and a vector controller is adopted in the current loop. The validity has been testified by the simulation results and other control strategies can be applied to the system to testify their rationality. This novel method offers a new thoughtway for designing and debugging actual motors.


Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant keratinizing disorder characterized by severe, painful, palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy, often accompanied by oral leucokeratosis, cysts and follicular keratosis. It is caused by mutations in one of five keratin genes: KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17.


Abstract. Virtual outcrop models are increasingly used in geoscience education to supplement field-based learning but their efficacy for teaching key 3D spatial thinking skills has not been tested. With the rapid increase in online digital learning resources and blended learning, most recently because of the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the role of virtual field environments to support and develop skills conventionally taught through field-based teaching has never been more critical. Virtual outcrops and virtual field environments have not been evaluated for their effectiveness in teaching and learning in geoscience, however. Here we show the efficacy of virtual outcrop models in improving 3D spatial thinking and provide evidence for positive perceptions amongst participants of using virtual outcrops in teaching and learning. Our results show that in a simple multiple choice scenario, participants were more likely to choose the 3D block diagram that best represents the structure when using a virtual outcrop (59 %), compared to more traditional representations, a geological map (50 %) and field photograph (40 %). We add depth to these results by capturing the perceptions of a cohort of students, within our full participants set, on the use of virtual outcrops for teaching and learning, after accessing a virtual field site and outcrops to which they had previously visited on a day's field teaching. We also asked all participants if and how virtual outcrops could be used effectively for teaching and training, recording 87 % of positive responses. However, only 2 % of participants felt that virtual outcrops could potentially replace in-field teaching. We note that these positive findings signal significant potential for effective use of virtual outcrops in a blended learning environment and for breaking barriers to ensure equality, diversity and inclusivity of geoscience field skills and teaching.


The application of hot coil box in Hot Strip Mill of Liugang was introduced, and the characteristics and controlling function of this technology were elaborated.


meanings over time, rather than the creation of an alternative order of Lankan sacred natural modernity outside the contours of the enlightenment and its afterlives. Jazeel powerfully focuses in on Sinhala Buddhist nationalist poetics, which makes me wonder how the story might look if we were to factor in other narratives, Hindu, Catholic, Protestant and islamic. indeed one is reminded of the layered stories tied to 'Sri Pada' or 'Adam's Peak': is the footprint at the top of this mountain an imprint of Buddha's foot or Adam's foot, or St. Thomas' or connected to Shiva? By suggestively placing the nature park next to the realm of architecture, Jazeel is able to show how this kind of nationalism can be rather cosmopolitan. it would have been good to know when the secular re-enters the story. Another critical conception of nature that may require further investigation is the cult of the commodity. extractive visions of the island are still rather powerful and prop up the politics of regimes and bosses: witness recent Chinesesponsored highway building which 'opened up' nature anew or indeed the continuing role of colonial plantations in the aesthetics of the highland. This is certainly to ask Jazeel for too much. one hopes that in the wake of this important book, we may be able to place Sinhala Buddhist aesthetics of nature in relation to a series of other narrations of sacred or non-sacred modernity and indeed to work across this dichotomy too by showing the plural origins of Lankan thought. in sum as is hopefully clear from my musings, this is a terrific work of criticism, which is valuable for the way it helps us think with and in Sri Lanka. it deserves to be widely read on the island and amongst scholars of postcolonialism and the environment.


It can be learn the importance of geographical indication protection from the relevant concepts of geographical indication.And it is important to develop the protection of tea,a geographical indication.The shortages of traditional modes for the identification of tea were discussed.Based on the principles and characteristics of near infrared spectroscopy,the application of near infrared spectroscopy on the establishment of recognition model of tea was also discussed.


The observer-based static output feedback control problem for discrete-time switched systems is investigated. A sufficient condition of stability for the switched systems under arbitrary switching is obtained by using switched Lyapunov function approach. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) of the condition is parameterized by a scalar variable which allows extra degree of freedom for design problems and stability analysis. Thus, the stability condition has less conservative. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the result in this paper.


On February 3d, Elena O. Smirnova passed away. This brilliant, beautiful, cheerful woman, whose sense of humour brightened our days, will be much missed. She left this world an accomplished person still full of ideas and unfinished projects.


Temperature and humidity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer are essential for climate studies. The ground-based infrared hyperspectral spectrometer has the advantage of measuring radiances emitted from the atmosphere at a high temporal and moderate vertical resolution. In this article, the retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles from ground-based infrared hyperspectral observations is exploited. Although existing inversion algorithms based on physical models or statistical learning have made some progress, they still suffer from high computational complexity or poor performance. Motivated by the strength of the deep learning, we present a deep retrieval architecture (DReA) by skillfully designing a light-weight one-dimensional convolution neural network (CNN) to retrieve the temperature and humidity profiles. Experiments were conducted using atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI) and radiosonde data to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DReA. The validation of the DReA with the radiosonde, using 802 profiles with 37 layers below 3 km, presents an excellent retrieval ability with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.87 K for the temperature and 1.06 g/kg for the water vapor mixing ratio. Furthermore, a thorough comparison with commonly used inversion methods such as the traditional back propagation (BP) and the eigenvector (EV) regression method, shows that our proposed DReA method obtains a leading solution in retrieving temperature and humidity profiles.


The liquid/vapor interface of the aqueous solutions of HCN of different concentrations has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulation and intrinsic surface analysis. Although HCN is fully miscible with water, strong interfacial adsorption of HCN is observed at the surface of its aqueous solutions, and, at the liquid surface, the HCN molecules tend to be located even at the outer edge of the surface layer. It turns out that in dilute systems the HCN concentration can be about an order of magnitude larger in the surface layer than in the bulk liquid phase. Furthermore, HCN molecules show a strong lateral self-association behavior at the liquid surface, forming thus floating HCN patches at the surface of their aqueous solutions. Moreover, HCN molecules are staying, on average, an order of magnitude longer at the liquid surface than water molecules, and this behavior is more pronounced at smaller HCN concentrations. Because of this enhanced dynamical stability, the floating HCN patches can provide excellent spots for polymerization of HCN, which can be the key step in the prebiotic synthesis of partially water-soluble adenine. All of these findings make the hypothesis of "HCN world" more plausible.


This study aimed to explore the extent to which the principals of secondary schools in the State of Kuwait said they practiced leadership with humour and if it impacts on their level of resilience in the workplace. The study sample consisted of 121 male and female secondary school principals from six educational districts in Kuwait who were selected using the random stratified method. The study findings showed that the perceptions of school principals regarding the extent to which they practice leadership with a sense of humour were moderate in all fields. The study also found that school principals enjoy high resilience in their workplace, especially when solving a problem. Finally, the results showed that the more a school principal used humour the more resilient he/she would be in the workplace. The study concluded that humour should be considered as one factor in effective leadership and that leadership training programmes should include this dimension. The level of resilience can be clearly predicted by identifying the extent to which school principals claim to practice leading with humour.


Abstract Recent proposed seasonal hindcast skill estimates for the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are derived from different lagged predictors, NAO indices, skill assessment periods, and skill validation methodologies. This creates confusion concerning what is the best-lagged predictor of the winter NAO. To rectify this situation, a standardized comparison of NAO cross-validated hindcast skill is performed against three NAO indices over three extended periods (1900–2001, 1950–2001, and 1972–2001). The lagged predictors comprise four previously published predictors involving anomalies in North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover, and an additional predictor, an index of NH subpolar summer air temperature (TSP). Significant (p < 0.05) NAO hindcast skill is found with May SST 1900–2001, summer/autumn SST 1950–2001, and warm season snow cover 1972–2001. However, the highest and most significant hindcast skill for all periods and all NAO indices is achieved with...


Background: Older diabetic patients are more likely to be frail than those who do not have diabetes. Frailty is an important risk factor for both mortality and disability in older patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism of frailty in diabetes mellitus is not fully understood. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of frailty and associated factors in older patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 178 outpatients who were over 65 years old with type 2 diabetes. We used the Obu Study Health Promotion for the Elderly definition of frailty to divided subjects into a non-frail and a frail group. We investigated the association between frailty and various patient characteristics. Results: In the study, 21.4% of the older patients with type 2 diabetes were considered frail. There were no significant differences in the duration of diabetes, BMI, proportion of microvascular complications, or HbA1c values between the frail and non-frail group. However, serum albumin and IGF-1 levels were lower in the frail group than the non-frail group as were the Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The frail group had a higher number of medications than the non-frail group. In a multivariable analysis, frailty was positively associated with the number of medications and, lower levels of both serum albumin and IGF-1. Conclusion: Our study suggests that diabetes accelerates the aging process and frailty is associated with low albumin, polypharmacy and low levels of IGF-1.


The aim of this paper is to develop a new methodology for solving bimatrix games with payoffs of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs), which are called TIFN bimatrix games for short. In this methodology, we define the concepts of the value-index and ambiguity-index and hereby develop a difference-index based ranking method, which is proven to be a total order. The parameterized bilinear programming models are derived from a pair of auxiliary TIFN mathematical programming models, which are used to determine solutions of TIFN bimatrix games. Validity and applicability of the models and method proposed in this paper are illustrated with a practical example.


Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki-67, estrogen receptors &agr; (ERs&agr;), and progesterone receptors (PRs) in high-risk endometrial cancer patients and to assess their prognostic impact. Methods/Materials Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, ERs&agr;, and PRs was evaluated in primary untreated endometrial cancer. The correlation among IHC staining and risk factors of recurrence such as age, Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, grading, depth of invasion, and metastatic spread was assessed. Results Eighty-two patients were available for the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 65.05 ± 10.48 years. The IHC assessment revealed a lack of ER&agr; in 46.3% and of PR in 48.7% as well as a high Ki-67 in 31.7%. Loss of ER&agr; and PR was associated with a significant higher rate of advanced stage of disease, a higher frequency of G3 tumors, and a myometrial invasion greater than 50%. A strong Ki-67 expression correlated with a deeper myometrial invasion. Analysis of the interrelationship between receptor immunonegativity revealed a relevant association of ER&agr; immunolocalization with PR and with a high Ki-67 expression. The present study also showed that loss of ER&agr; (P = 0.003), advanced Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P < 0.001), and high Ki-67 (P = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors of a shorter disease-free survival. Importantly, loss of ER&agr;, loss of PR, and a high Ki-67 were correlated with a higher incidence of distant recurrence. Conclusions A systematic immunohistochemistry should be a key step in the therapeutic algorithm and could contribute to the identification of high-risk tumors.


P atients, and even some health care professionals, believe that severe, uncontrollable pain is the inevitable consequence of a diagnosis of cancer. In reality, one-third of patients with cancer do not experience severe pain, and in those who do, the application of the basic principles of pain management set out in the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on cancer pain have been shown to relieve that pain in 88 per cent of cases. However, there is evidence of poor pain control in about one-third of patients in a general setting, compared with 5–10 per cent in specialist units. Most patients requiring palliative care are treated outside a specialist setting, such as in their own homes, in nursing homes or in acute hospitals. It is essential that all health care professionals have a good understanding of the basic principles of pain management, as this is applicable to patients in all care settings with various diseases. Acute pain is short-lived and accompanied by adrenaline-mediated symptoms such as sweating, increased heart rate and respiration, and dilated pupils. The pain draws attention to an injury or illness. Most acute conditions heal and become pain-free within two to three weeks. In contrast, chronic pain is mostly continuous, and is generally accompanied by vegetative symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, sleep disturbance and preoccupation with the pain.The physiological features characteristic of acute pain may be absent and the patient may not appear to be in pain. Pain is subjective, and has been shown to be overestimated by relatives of the patient and underestimated by health care professionals. Wherever possible, the patient's own description of the pain should be the basis of the overall assessment. Patients are often reluctant or reticent in describing their pain, out of the fear that new or increasing pain represents advancing disease or because they do not want to be a "bother". A careful assessment of the patient is essential if good analgesia is to be achieved. A detailed history should be taken in order to determine the site(s), number, intensity, radiation timing and quality of pain. Any factors that aggravate or relieve the pain should be explored. A full analgesic drug history is also useful in determining a pain management plan. Pain in cancer patients can have a number of different causes as shown in Table 1, p216. A number of validated pain assessment scales have been developed to enable the making of consistent, repeated assessments. Complex tools such as the McGill pain questionnaire are useful in research but are generally too time-consuming for daily use. Simpler scales such as visual analogues or numerical rating scales are more routinely used. It is rare for chronic pain to be simply a physical phenomenon: there are usually non-physical, as well as physical components. All pain assessment must include exploration of the social, psychological and spiritual components of the patient's suffering.This can only be achieved if the patient is managed by a multidisciplinary team. Physical pain can be broadly categorised into three groups:


Joint projects have emerged as a significant mode for the development of research and technological activities. Our analysis of survey data collected on joint R&D projects developed in the context of European Framework Programmes reveals two different questions. The first involves R&D activities and results and the management of internal and external relationships into the projects. The second shows the weak interrelation and synergies among projects.


By the late 1960s RD Laing was the world's most famous psychiatrist. Paradoxically, this was because of critique of psychiatry that began with his classic, The Divided Self (1960), an existential analytic work, which aimed at re-asserting a science of persons rather than things. Laing did for the psychotic what Freud did for the neurotic - he listened to what they said and found it intelligible and meaningful in terms of the patient's wishes and perceptions. His interest then moved to the world of interpersonal space (Self and Others), to the family (Sanity, Madness and the Family), and to the total social world system and even mystical experience which situated all our experience and behaviour (The Politics of Experience). Later works investigated birth and pre-birth experience as providing an understanding of later life and problems, critiques of modern psychiatry, critiques of the technocratic look and the modern world of science. (author abstract)


Cold chain; is a special storage condition applied in the storage, transportation and distribution, which ensures that the temperature-sensitive medicinal product remains within the approved temperature ranges prescribed by the registration holder from the raw material stage to the packaged final product until reaching the user. Products subject to cold chain application can be classified as; immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, hormones, enzymes, growth factors, plasminogen activators, coagulation factors, immunological products. Cold chain applications determined by the authorities need to be supplied at every stage ranging from the industrial production, distribution and administration of biopharmaceutical products. While the application of products in case of cold chain breakage poses a risk to the patient health, the disruption of these products causes pecuniary damage to the country economy because of the use of expensive raw materials and methods in the production of these products. In this review, the cold chain conditions applied to biotechnological and biological products to avoid the loss of activity and to provide stability at every stage during transport, storage and distribution have been extensively assessed. Unlike synthetic drugs, biopharmaceutical products were found to require cold chain application due to protein instability. In addition, the degradation pathways of proteins, the basic structure of biopharmaceutical products, and the effect of degradation causing conditions on preparations were examined and the effect of exposure to freezing and exposure to temperature on protein stability was evaluated. In this context, cold chain applications have been evaluated with the examples given for transport and storage conditions of the vaccines. Following this, international regulations and guidelines on cold chain management and cold chain applications in Turkey have been included.


Cl atoms have been produced by the photolysis of HCl, Cl2, Cl2CO, and (ClCO)2 in a matrix at 14°K. These atoms are found to react with CO with essentially zero activation energy, producing the previously unobserved free radical ClCO. The vibrational fundamentals of this species have been observed at 281, 570, and 1880 cm−1. Assuming that the ClCO valence angle is 120° or 135° and that the bond distances are similar to those observed for Cl2CO, it is possible to estimate force constants and to calculate frequencies for Cl13CO in reasonable agreement with those observed for this species. The C=O bond is found to possess partial triple‐bond character. The thermodynamic properties of ClCO have also been estimated. No ultraviolet absorptions have been observed for this species in the region between 4500 and 2500 A.


The direct selling has a long history in western countries.However,it is still in the primary stage in China.It used to be disorder in China and now it comes into a new phase of law-regulated development.This paper interprets the definitions of direct selling and the opportunities and challenges the direct selling facing in China.


In his only trip abroad, young Charles Willson Peale lived in London for a little over two years, from 1767 to 1769. While there, he eagerly studied contemporary British painting, Italian Renaissance art, and art theory. Apart from paintings of William Pitt that were shipped back to America, Peale's only surviving canvas from this period is his Boy with a Toy Horse (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Bayou Bend Collection). The picture is the fruit of Peale's study while in London, and we see borrowings and adaptations from the art of Benjamin West, Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, and John Zoffany. Above all, Boy with a Toy Horse embodies ideas found in William Hogarth's influential Analysis of Beauty (1753). The article closes with a proposed identification of two of the figures in Boy with a Toy Horse: they are probably likenesses of Raphael Lamar West, child of Peale's teacher Benjamin West, and Thomas West, Benjamin's half-brother.


The rotational spectrum of the most abundant isotopomer of thionyl chloride, 32S16O35Cl2, has been recorded in the frequency range 7.8–24.7 GHz using a pulsed molecular-beam microwave spectrometer. 262 lines of 27 rotational transitions (b- and c-type) have been used to determine rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants and the complete 35Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor, as well as spin–rotation coupling constants. Whereas the diagonal quadrupole coupling constants in the inertial axis system agree with those from previous microwave studies, disagreement is observed for the principal values χzz(–63.8 MHz) and η(–0.0143). However, the value of χzz is in good agreement with those derived from solid-state NQR measurements. The centrifugal distortion constants together with vibrational wavenumbers and amplitudes have been used to refine the harmonic force field. The principal quadrupole coupling constants and the force constants are compared with those of related molecules, and the latter have been used to propose a reassignment of two vibrational bands of the related molecule, SO2Cl2.


Improvement in a machine tool center device having a hollow body and a center shaft therein, the shaft having a conical front end, a bearing between the body and shaft for moveably supporting the latter, the improvement comprising a center device which has an arrangement for converting the same from a live center to a dead center and vice versa, an arrangement for supporting the shaft in the body for both rotation and reciprocation in respect thereto, the conversion arrangement preventing rotation of the shaft while permitting reciprocation thereof, the conversion arrangement being accessible from the exterior of the body for insertion or removal in respect thereto, a yieldable mechanism in the body operative upon the shaft for urging the front end outwardly of the body, a thrust cap rotatably carried on the front end of the body having an aperture therein through which the front end projects, the thrust cap being held fast against reciprocative movement relative to the body, a nose cap carried on the thrust cap, the nose cap having an aperture therein through which the front end projects, the shaft, in use of the center device, being yieldably retracted in respect to the body by the workpiece so that the latter abuts the nose cap, the nose cap serving as a locator for the workpiece and rotating therewith.


The work is focused on two types of images partial blur (a single object blur and background blur). Complex approach to the deblurring of such images is proposed. It includes such aspects as automated blur detection, blurred image PSF estimation, blurred patches extraction and processing etc.


Bangladesh is categorized as a moderate democratic Muslim country by the United Nations. Islam has played a significant role in the political and socio-cultural lives of the majority of the population of Bangladesh. The social value, norms, and ethics of Bangladeshi society are mainly based on the basic teachings of Islam. Bangladesh also has significant possibilities to develop tourism for its authentic natural beauty and diverse culture. The tangible and intangible Islamic heritages of the country are also noteworthy. Haram food and culture, prohibited in Islam, can hardly be seen in Bangladesh. So Bangladesh is an ideal destination for Muslim travelers, especially those who maintain the sharia order of Islam. The primary objective of the study is to ascertain if Bangladesh is a preferable destination for developing Halal tourism. The study discovered that Bangladesh would be an ideal destination.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Prospects of developing halal tourism in Bangladesh_possibilities and challenges.pdf


The article presents differences in behaviors of representatives of Baby Boomers, and Generations X and Y in the selection of service channel distribution at the search and purchase stages. The data were conducted by computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI). The study confimed the oldest consumers' preferences for the traditional contact in point of sales and increased use of on-line technology as consumer age declines.


Background & objectives: Early identification of bacterial infection in patients with fever is important for prompt and specific treatment. However, the available biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts are not specific to bacterial diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) over CRP and leukocyte counts for bacterial infection screening in febrile patients while awaiting their hemoculture results, which takes up to 7 Days before results are available though it is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients between January and July 2020 then processed for blood cultures. PCT, CRP and WBC levels were measured. The patients were divided into two groups according to the final diagnosis: bacterial infection group (group1) and non-bacterial infection group (group 2).SPSS version 20.0 software package was used for data analysis and normally distributed variables were calculated using mean, standard deviation and ANOVA test while median and range were used for variables without a normal distribution. Significance testing was done using Kruskal-Wallis h test and Wilcoxon two sample test and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed by calculating the area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
Results: There were significant (P<0.05) difference in the levels of PCT, CRP and WBC among the two groups. The PCT levels of patients in the bacterial infections group were significantly higher than those in the nonbacterial infections group (27.9 vs., 11.7 P < 0.001). The best cut-off value to detect bacterial infections was 1.46 ng/ml for PCT. PCT, CRP and WBC had areas under the curve of 0.71, 0.66 and 0.45 respectively and sensitivity of 100%, 72.7% and 27.3% respectively.
Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed that PCT was a valuable marker for the early and rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections in febrile patients in our setting when compared to CRP and WBC. However, prospective and large scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings in Cameroon.


Bac kgrou nd: He li co bac ter (H.) pylo ri in fec tion is a we ll-es tab lis hed cau se of chro nic gas tri tis and pep tic ul cer di sea se. Howe ver, the re is growi ng evi den ce that chro nic in flma to ry res pon se to this pat ho gen may al so play an im porta nt ro le in co ro na ry ar te ry di sea se (CAD). The aim of this stu dy was to in ves tiga te the diff e ren ce in se rop re va len ce of H. pylo ri in fec tion in a con trol group com pa red to a group of pa tien ts wi th elec tro car diog rap hic evi den ce of CAD. Ma te ria ls and Met ho ds: The stu dy in clu ded 98 ap pa ren tly heal thy con trol sub jec ts as the con trol group and 102 hea rt di sea se pa tien ts wi th elec tro cardiog rap hic evi den ce of CAD as the pa tie nt group. Quan ti ta ti ve mea su re me nt of IgG an ti bo dies to H. pylo ri in se ra from sub jec ts of bo th grou ps was per formed wi th an au to ma ted com mer cial EIA met hod. Re sul ts: Se rop re va len ce of H. pylo ri IgG was sig ni fi can tly hig her in the pa tient group (87.3%) com pa red to the con trol group (54.1%) (P<0.001). Con clu sion: The re sul ts sug ge st that the re may be an in crea sed se roe pi demio lo gi cal as so cia tion of H. pylo ri in fec tion wi th CAD.


This paper studies the private equity and venture c apital market in Brazil, particularly with regard to the valuation methodologies, in order to identify the method that best fits the Brazilian reality to measure assets without quotation in curr ent market. Will be discussed the major foreign markets, namely the United States and Europe, as well as specific characteristics of this market in Brazil a nd presented how the Brazilian authorities deal with this theme, since the assets covered here have no marking to market , as in other funds disciplined by this authority. Then will be described the methodologies and invest igated the ways in which organizations approach the management methods in their rules. Finally, to achieve the main purpose, will be ident ified the behavior of the value of shares in the lifetime of the funds as an indicator of the mo st appropriate method.


As a fresh and rapidly-developing method in data science, topological data analysis (TDA) offers a new set of ways to look at data and derive features out of high-dimensional models with topological and geometric tools. In this paper, the author briefly introduces the topological concepts that are involved several researches, then compares and examines different methods of extraction of topological features from the texts. The result shows that these topological tools provide some additional features of the document that are not detected by using the original methods. In the experiment, adding these topological features to the usual text mining tools results in improvement of prediction accuracy (as much as 5%). However, as expected, these topological features alone are not sufficient to classify text documents. Future experiments and discussions need to be conducted to determine whether these methods could be combined to make better classifications.


The employment difficulties of contemporary college students are increasingly attracting attention from all walks of life, "Mass entrepreneurship and innovation". The state encourages college students to start their own businesses as a new force for innovation and entrepreneurship. The cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's economy and the prosperity and development of the nation. As a key specialty in the mode of application-oriented university management personnel training, the business administration profession has a strong application and practicality. Not only do students require deep theoretical knowledge, but they can also apply this knowledge to future practical work. With the rapid development of social economy, the demand for talent and the quality of demand have also been continuously improved. How to cultivate applied talents that meet the needs of the market and have the qualities of innovation and entrepreneurship has become one of the key contents of research in various universities. This paper analyzes the phenomenon that undergraduate business management majors in the innovation and entrepreneurial talent cultivation are backward in teaching methods, weak in teaching concepts and weak in practice links. From the aspects of strengthening the construction of practical teaching staff, increasing innovation and entrepreneurship courses, and changing the assessment system, we will increase the intensity of innovation and entrepreneurship training. At the same time, it is necessary to guide students to correctly study theoretical courses, develop their personal potential, and cultivate good moral character.


Abstract Results of calculations of vibrational densities of states and of infrared and Raman spectra for relatively large model structures representing elemental amorphous semiconductors are presented and discussed. Models for four-coordinated (germanium-like), three-coordinated (arsenic-like), and two-coordinated (selenium-like) materials are included and, where possible, we compared the results with experiment and discuss the limits within which the simple models can be expected to reproduce the behaviours of real materials.


Abstract Samples of the superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system were prepared in the form of film, powder or sintered mass by rapid quenching or solid phase reaction. In samples prepared by repetitive pulverizing-mixing and annealing-sintering, a "self-seeding effect" (solid-in-solid epitaxy) was discovered. In comparison with the film sample, the annealing time for obtaining the high-Tc phase was shortened greatly in the samples by the above repetitive processing. Longer annealing times made the amount of the phase decrease.


An alternative equation of meshing for worm-gear drives is proposed. This equation has advantage over the commonly used equation of meshing when it is used to study the undercutting phenomenon, to perform reverse engineering and to find the meshing area of worm-gear drives. From the new alternative equation, the equations of the boundaries of the three-dimensional meshing area and the limiting line on the worm surface that distinguishes the non-undercut area and the undercut area are derived.


The behaviour of a gas cylindrical bubble in a non-uniform alternating electric field is investigated. The bubble is surrounded by an incompressible fluid and is bounded in the axial direction by two parallel solid surfaces. It is assumed that the velocity of the contact line is proportional to the sum of the deviation of the contact angle and the velocity of fast relaxation processes, whose frequencies are proportional to twice the frequency of the electric field.


The large attitude maneuver is studied in this paper. The quarternion form attitude is appilied to avoid the singularity of dynamic equations, and sliding mode control law based on quarternion is desined. The spacecraft attitude dynamics and control model is builted using simulink, which was valided by simulation.


PURPOSE: An array substrate for an LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent the malfunction of a substrate by avoiding the damage on a signal line formed on a lower substrate during scribe/break process. CONSTITUTION: Gate lines(202) are formed on a substrate(200). Gate connecting lines(206) are extended from the gate lines. Gate pad electrodes(208) are formed on the ends of the gate connecting lines. Data lines(222) intersecting with the gate lines define a pixel area(P). Data connecting lines(224) are extended from the data lines. Data pad electrodes(226) are formed on the ends of the data connecting lines. Data pad terminal electrodes(254) contact with the data pad electrodes. A thin film transistor is formed in the intersecting portion of two lines. Dummy patterns(262,264) formed between the data connecting lines. Transparent pixel electrodes(256,260) are formed in the pixel area.


A precursor batch composition that can be used to make porous ceramic articles is provided. The batch composition includes a polysaccharide gum. The batch composition may optionally include a linear water soluble polymer having a molecular weight of at least one million Daltons.


Difference between the traditions of Chinese and Western philosophical cultures determines two different forgiving traditions. Fundamentally, the difference comes from different attitudes to religions. Different religious beliefs determine whether forgiving attitudes have metaphysical transcendence or claim responsibility for the spirit of transcendence. Neither Confucianism nor Taoism is a religion to Westerners. Since their forgiving concepts are limited to "personnel" , it is not transcendental; modern and present -day European philosophy extends the transcendental forgiving concepts, i. e. , to forgive the unforgivable. Difference in the forgiving concepts is a main obstacle to hinder mutual understandings and communications between Chinese and Western cultures.


Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of vertically aligned and spindle-shaped, randomly oriented ZnO nanorods synthesized by using a low temperature hydrothermal method are studied. In air, the vertically aligned ZnO nanorods oriented mainly parallel to the luminescencerecording axis exhibited only one, very strong UV emission peak at 382 nm. This band is assigned to emission of free excitons. A new violet PL band near 400 nm arises with increasing angle between the nanorod growth direction and the luminescence-recording axis. The violet band also appears under UV illumination in vacuum and vanishes after exposure to air. The randomly oriented ZnO nanorods along with free exciton related PL band reveal a broad yellow-orange emission band around 590 nm. The violet band is attributed to Zn vacancy related defects or their complexes, while the yellow-orange emission band is ascribed to oxygen interstitial related defects.


Different systemic and non-systemic fungicides were evaluated in the farmer's field in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh for their efficacy to control mouldy core and core rot. EBI fungicides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole and myclobutanil) and protectants (mancozeb flowable, dodine and captan) gave better disease control of mouldy core and core rot of apple. Three sprays of difenoconazole sprayed at pink bud, full bloom and petal fall stages of apple provided 94 per cent control of mouldy core and core rot followed by sprays of mancozeb (at pink bud), difenoconazole (at full bloom) and hexaconazole (at petal fall) with 90 per cent disease control without hampering the fruit set.


This paper describes the development of a robust technique for image classification using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), abbreviated as SIFT-C. The proposed SIFT-C technique was developed to cater for varying conditions such as lightings, resolution and target range which are known to affect classification accuracies. In this study, the SIFT algorithm is used to extract a set of feature vectors to represent the image and the extracted feature sets are then used for classification of two classes of weed. The weeds are classified as either broad or narrow weed type and the decision will be used in the control strategy of weed infestation in palm oil plantations. The effectiveness of the robust SIFT-C technique was put to test using offline weed images that were captured under various conditions which truly reflect the actual field conditions. A classification accuracy of 95.7% was recorded which implies the effectiveness of the SIFT-C.


In Meiji period, the placement relations of auditorium and Noh stage, was changing from contraposition style to surrounding style. But when the end of Meiji era, the Noh theater space was beginning changed to new style. That is the traditional Noh stage located at indoor of theater and still being an individual building. I called it as Ireko style. This paper picked up two cases, one is Kongo Noh Theater, another is the theater of Hosho Noh Society. Though these two case study, I clarify the construction process of new style. In addition, I inspected the outbreak of Ireko style Noh theater how related with the Noh improvement movement for the same period.


Based on pressurizing properties and engineering practice of the light steel structure,the key factors of designing a multiple floor light steel structural house are denoted from the aspects of structure selection and its plane arrangement etc In combination with the design examples,the design of the light steel structural system,its calculation,analysis and design of nodal point are introduced,which is valuable for referring to the light steel structure used in designing the multiple floor structures to certain degree,economic index analysis shows that the multiple floor structural houses could save steel,of which the construction cost is basically balanced with steel concrete structure currently cast


Teachers' humanistic care for students in HEIs is of great practical significance.This humanistic care must be based on the development of students.Teachers should enhance their awareness of this humanistic care,and show it for stndents in the process of education and teaching,association between teachers and students,etc.


This paper maily reports some bionomics of Casmara patrona Meyrick and its effective control in tea-oil trees with high yield.


The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase (CitPSY), phytoene desaturase (CitPDS), ζ-carotene (car) desaturase (CitZDS), carotenoid isomerase (CitCRTISO), lycopene β-cyclase (CitLCYb), β-ring hydroxylase (CitHYb), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase (CitZEP), and lycopene ϵ-cyclase (CitLCYe) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from β,ϵ-carotenoid (α-car and lutein) accumulation to β,β-carotenoid (β-car, β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of β,ϵ-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb, and CitZEP) led to massive β,β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive β,β-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS. Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in β,β-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of β-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, and CitLCYb) and downstream synthesis genes (CitHYb and CitZEP).


Storks were studied by directly observing them in the Maya(meadow) ecosystem of Dinder National Park (DNP) during the dryseasons of 2009 and 2010. The objective was to determine their diversity,flock characteristics, roosting ecology and the annual fluctuation in theirnumbers. The numbers were ascertained by the double samplingprocedure in which the number of each stork species in a flock wasestimated and was then directly counted. A predictive model wasdeveloped from the relationship between the counted and the estimatedvariables. Subsequently, the number was only estimated and the actualcount was predicted from the regression model. The tree density wasdetermined by the nearest neighbour method. The crown diameters of thetrees were measured, and the crown areas were calculated. Eight speciesof storks; namely, the black (Ciconia nigra), the white (Ciconia ciconia),the Abdim's (Ciconia abdimii), the yellow-billed (Mycteria ibis), theAfrican open bill (Anastomus lamelligerus), the woolly-necked (Ciconiaepiscopus), the marabou (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) and the saddle bill(Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis), occurred in DNP. The black and thewhite storks are Palearctic migrants, whereas the Abdim's, the woolly-necked, the African open bill and the yellow-billed are local migrants; themarabou and the saddle bill are resident. The three species that occurredin large flocks were the yellow-billed, the marabou and the open bill. Thetotal number of storks in 2010 was lower than that in 2009. This declinewas attributed to severe drought that struck the DNP in 2010.


In this paper, we describe two methods in which resonant laser excitation can be employed to obtain a complete description of electron‐atom collisions. The electron superelastic scattering technique is illustrated by presenting data for the Na D line, while collision parameters for the 61S0‐61P1 transition for the I=0 isotope of Hg are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of a stepwise electron/laser excitation method.


AbstractThroughout his life, Ruskin was dominated by a passionate love for the natural world, which he saw as being both beautiful and good. Its goodness was shown in the duties which he thought were assigned to its different components - and the duties themselves were frequently of a moral nature. Mosses generally he saw as decorating and preserving stone surfaces; providing colour and holding water for the streams. In the individual leaves he saw qualities of humility and self sacrifice, his curiosity and keen observation serving to unravel not so much scientific truths as moral lessons for mankind.


Objective To analysis the effect of differences between ICD-9 and ICD-10 on its application. Methods Using the data from National Health Statistical yearbooks, we compare the statistic categories of circulation system diseases on the basis of ICD-9 with those on the basis of ICD-10, and the pulmonary heart disease is an example to explain these differences. Results The ranges of statistic of some diseases in the National Health Statistical yearbook is changed due to these differences. After adjusted, the fatality rate of the pulmonary heart disease in 2002 is 6.91%. Conclusion The differences betweenn ICD-9 and ICD-10 can affect their application inevitably and it is necessary to consider it when we use data.


It is rather late for our country to implementing the elastic system in the professional education. It was only implemented in 2000 in some colleges of Tianjin. To employ the elastic system can strengthen the development of vocational education and make it meet the needs of the market economical requirement for all kinks of talents. We ought to reform outdated teaching administration, curriculum design, enrolment and employment systems and so on to implement elastic system, setting up a scientific teaching evaluating, a cost accounting and a teaching pledging system.


The corrosion mechanism and protective coatings technology on NdFeB permanent magnetic material including electroplating,chemical plating,organic coating and composite coating were introduced.The present status and existing problems about the application of these four protective coatings on NdFeB permanent magnetic material were analyzed,and then the future prospects of surface protective technology on NdFeB permanent magnetic material were put forward.


some bearing on the interpretation. Christine Maria Grafinger's succinct, yet readable account of the life of Anton Raphael Mengs and his frescoes in the Stanza dei Papiri of the Vatican Library concerns an anist whose Jewish f;lther convened to Protestantism, while Mengs himself was to become a Roman Catholic. Whether the painter and his ideas were affected by his ancestry and in what manner would be an appropriate question to explore, but Grafinger does not do so. In Carol Salus's elucidation' ofR. B. Kitaj's The Murder ofRosa Luxemburg, the anist's religious identity comes to the fore in his concern for the martyred heroine as the victim of antisemitism. This concern, however, must be inferred on the basis of statements made by the anist in other contexts, and it is not made explicit in the painting. The value ofjewish Art is enhanced by its calendar of events and exhibitions of interest to the topic of Jews and an, as well as by a thorough bibliographic chronicle of recent publications on the subject. One very much hopes that the means will be found to ensure its continued appearance in the future. Walter Cahn Depanment of An History Yale University


Grammar is a description of certain organizing aspects of a written particular language. One of the grammar topic is verb BE. Verb BE is important in English Grammar, BE is the one of the elementary and earlier phases of subject verb agreement. The purpose of this research was to describe the ability of the second year students in using verb BE. This research was descriptive research. The population of this research was the second year students were take as a sample, and totals 40 students. The instrument of collecting data was a test concerning verb BE. The try out test was done in order to know the validity, reliability, item difficulty and power discrimination of test items. The result showed that 9 students (22.50%) belong to high category, 28 students (70%) to moderate category, and 3 students (7.50%) to low category. The mean score was 65.10 it was only 30% of the total students who can do the test well with 12 students who get score above 70. It means that the second year students at SMP Katolik Trisakti 1 Medan are not yet able to use the verb BE. Some students do not understand the rule of verb BE, how to apply it in sentences because there were a lot of rules and exception in verb BE. The students also had some difficulties in using verb BE. The students did not know the form of some tenses such as simple present tense, simple past tense etc. Based on the total incorrect answers made by the students in each tense was 349. The percentage students  mistakes made using verb Be in Present Tense was 28.57%, and the percentage students mistakes made using verb Be in Past Tense was 11.46%, So the most mistakes made by the second year students in using verb Be was in present tense, the percentage was 28.57%. Thus, the students are suggested to study more the lesson of verb BE and to do the assignments well. The teacher also expected to give explanation of the materials of verb BE crearly


We have carried out a study to determine the effect of high-efficiency pre-storage leucodepletion by filtration upon the red-cell storage parameters potassium, sodium and glucose after y-irradiation to 34.5 Gy. The transfusion of viable T-cells from donor blood products can lead to engraftment and transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. This rare but usually fatal complication can be prevented by yirradiation of the blood product to a minimum of 25 Gy to prevent T-cell mitosis and engraftment [I]. A side-effect of y-irradiation is an increase of potassium leakage from red cells which occurs during storage. This phenomenon is of particular importance when the transfusion is of a large volume and given to a neonate or to a patient with a pre-existing renal problem or hyperkalaemia. However, the cause of accelerated potassium leakage remains uncertain. It has been postulated that the mechanism may be indirect, involving granulocyte proteases. To test this hypothesis, 19 units of CPD-A1 red cells were produced by centrifugation of CPD-AI whole blood at 2,174g for 2.5 min followed by expression of platelet-rich plasma to leave the concentrated red cells. The packs were sampled (5 ml) and stored at 2 4 ° C for 48 h at which time 10 units were leucodepleted using Pall BPF-4 filters. Mean residual leucocytes in the filtered and control non-filtered units were 3 . 7 ~ 105/unit and 2 . 8 6 ~ lO'/unit, respectively. Filtration time was 17:03+2:32 min. All 19 units were then y-irradiated to a dosage of 34.5 Gy delivered over 7 min. All units were sampled before and after filtration (if applicable) and irradiation, followed by sampling at 3,7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The supernatant was removed and stored at -40°C until assayed for Na', K' and glucose concentration. All units were tested for microbial growth at outdate by blood culture and found to be negative. The graph shows the level of potassium lost from irradiated, and filtered and irradiated red cells during storage to outdate. There was no difference in potassium loss, sodium uptake and glucose utilisation between the two groups over the storage period. Levels of potassium in the control arm (y-irradiated only) were comparable with those previously found by Rivet et al. [2] who noted levels of 30 mM at 4 days and Ramirez et al. [3] who reported 68 mM K' at 14 days. Walther-Wenker et al. [4] made similar findings and now transfuse babies with BPF-Cfiltered SAG-M product, irradiated and transfused at any time up to 14 days. Heaton [5] observed that leucodepletion using the Pall RC 300 filter after an 8-hour hold at 22°C or a 24-hour hold at 4°C followed by storage to outdate resulted in no effect upon K' leakage when compared to unfiltered controls. Filtration had no deleterious effect upon red cells as evidenced by potassium leakage; this finding is confirmed by Chambers et al. [6], although it should be noted that that group filtered the red cells at 0,7 and 14 days after irradiation. Thus, potassium leakage from leucocyte-reduced, y-irradiated red cells appears to be directly related to y-irradiation and not to the presence of passenger leucocytes. Pre-storage leucodepletion of red-cell concentrates by Pall BPF-4 filtration at 48 h and subsequent y-irradiation do not have any negative effect upon the red-cell storage parameters studied after extended storage, when compared to y-irradiated controls.


Jenny Kristiana Matuankotta and Eric Stenly Holle Lecturer at the Faculty of Law Pattimura University, Ambon. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 25 May 2020 Final Accepted: 28 June 2020 Published: July 2020


The effect of a single row of oblique pin fins on the endwall heat transfer is investigated experimentally using two types arrangement. One is the "single row" arrangement, in which all the pin fins are inclined to the same direction, and the other is the "cross row" arrangement, in which the pin fins are alternately inclined upstream and downstream. Pin fins are inclined to the streamwise direction from θ=-60 degrees (upstreamwise) to +60 degrees (downstreamwise), where θ is an angle between the axis of pin fin and the normal of the endwall. The averaged Nusselt number of the oblique pin fins for "single row" arrangement is smaller than that of the perpendicular pin fins, because the endwall heat transfer in the downstream of the pin fins is not enhanced. In the case of the "cross row" arrangement of -30lθl+30, the heat transfer shows the almost same value at the perpendicular pin fins. The "cross row" arrangement of θ=±30 degrees shows about 25% less pressure loss than that of the perpendicular pin fin in spite of almost the same averaged Nusselt number.


In decentralization, an advocacy is needed to increase the health budget in Parepare District. One of the advocacy methods recommended by the World Bank is the economic loss approach. This research is observational in the field of health economics that contributes directly to the magnitude of the economy lost of the community and the government and provides advocacy to the executive and legislative to see the harm it causes. The research results show the amount of direct cost, which consists of household expenditure for transport Rp.295,865,500. Indirect Cost of YLD of Rp.14.688.000, and YLL of Rp.28.986.336.00, so the amount of DALY is Rp.43.674.336.000. Total economic loss of Rp.43.970.201.500. These huge economic losses can be prevented by increasing the allocation of health budgets for promotive and preventive efforts and expanding the coverage of health insurance for the community. There is a need to advocate the executive and legislative about the importance of Guarantee on Public Health Financing by conducting studies in terms of economic losses so that all Strategic Alliances believe that health is an investment.


An improvement of the Japanese gravimetric geoid over a pre-existing model, JGEOID93, is studied with the 1D-FFT method as a strict realization of Stokes' spherical integration in a remove-restore manner and in consideration of possible mean offset errors in the network-adjusted ship gravity data used. Simulation shows that the offset errors of about 4.9 mGal in a limited distribution in space, result in geoid errors of a few meters of amplitude in the medium wavelength, a situation which should not be ignored. The differences between the 1D-FFT and single-band 2D-FFT geoids range from 15 cm to - 25 cm with a 2-3 cm RMS. We prepare an approximated error response function of Stokes' kernel, which well indicates the geographical distribution of the differences. The 1D-FFT geoid obtained, provides better accuracy in magnitude and a slight improvement in precision, in comparison with a nation-wide network and several local networks of GPS at benchmarks. Comparison of the gravity field and geoid with an altimeter-derived global model (Sandwell and Smith, 1997) reveals the existence of significant discrepancies in the southeastern edge of the Sea of Japan, which is attributed to the altimeter model errors.


When a complex rotating machinery system is commissioned its overall static and dynamic characteristic changes substantially. The overall characteristic of the system is not the superposition of the characteristics of individual sub systems, and failure can occur due structural incompatibility or mismatched stiffness. In this paper a novel ODS procedure is developed and used to monitor relative in-service planar or orbital displacements of machinery for any signs of excess or incompatible displacements. In such cases, the system is taken out of service for full dynamics analysis and subsequent design modification. A combination of ODS, Modal analysis and FEA have been used to verify any design improvements. The undesirable structural dynamics is the root cause of poor reliability. This paper deals with a general problem of dynamic incompatibility exhibited by systems that are manufactured by the 3 parties but needs to function reliably to avoid huge losses in production. Key-Words: Modal analysis, ODS, FEM, DDV, design, vertical pump


The work developed is an approach to a very contemporary engineering field, namely active structures. Active structures are a very wide theme, and was explored in this work by studying the capabilities of electro-mechanical energy conversion and dissipation phenomena applied to vibration control field. This kind of phenomena can be achieved by using smart materials, in this case piezoelectric materials. More specifically, this study contemplates the study of two layered beams, comprising elastic and piezoelectric layers, considering also an electrical energy dissipator circuit, shunt. Two types of beams are considered for testing the theory: clamped-free and simply-supported beams. This work comprehends the development of analytical and numerical models in order to determine the behavior patterns of passive vibration damping using piezoelectric materials and shunt damping designs. Using the Euler-Bernoulli beam's fundamental theory, Hamilton's variational principle and piezoelectric constitutive equations, the analytical model is developed. This model considers several assumptions such as considering mass and stiffness of the piezo as negligible, or neutral axis symmetric on the elastic layer. The analytical model is considered always as an open-circuit case. The numerical model is implemented considering 3D solid elements and is implemented in a FEM software, namely the COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5, and post-processed in Matlab, where electrical DOFs are distinguished considering the two limit electric boundary conditions, closed-circuit and open-circuit models. The difference between EBCs serves to comprehend the electromechanical energy conversion capabilities. The electromechanical phenomenon is evaluated in both models through three different frequency responses types: mechanical actuation (receptance), sensing (voltage per unit force) which represents the electric potential generated on the transducer per unit force applied and the electrical actuation (displacement per unit voltage), where is measured the displacement induced by an unitary electrial potential difference applied on the transducer. After covering all the mentioned issues, the shunt damping applied to the beams is presented. Here is considered a resonant shunt, which acts similarly to a damped vibration absorber. The shunt is constituted by inductive and resistive elements, and their properties are defined through the electromechanical energy capability for each beam, evaluated through the comparison between the limit EBCs eigenvalues results. Afterwards, the shunt damping is implemented and its damping capabilities are demonstrated for different test cases.


Background to the copper system Surface preparation Experiment preparation Setting the microscope Running the microscope Moire pattern formation on Cu (111) Problems with imaging.


Nowadays, there is enough evidence for dysfunction of cell membranes (primarily transport of the cations, the regulation of the content of free intracellular calcium) as the cause of hypertension. The search of effective metabolic and antihypertensive drugs, which can effect on the functional state of the cell membranes, is particularly interesting. Hypertensive rats received 10 mg/kg/day amlodipine, 25 mg/kg/day bisoprolol and 1 mg/kg/day ellagic acid and combinations of these drugs via orogastric tube during three months. The study showed that erythrocyte hemolysis in hypertensive rats begins to manifest even in 0.5% and 0.45% solution of NaCl, while the erythrocytes of healthy rats under these conditions are not lysed. Amlodipine and bisoprolol are able to normalize the permeability of the membranes of red blood cells, but this parameter does not reach normal values. Ellagic acid has more pronounced membrane-protective properties. Concomitant use of amlodipine with ellagic acid is better restores the functional state of the erythrocyte membranes in hypertensive rats. Other combinations of the studied drugs are less effective. These findings correlate with our data that we obtained earlier in the study of myocardial ultrastructure and fatty acid composition of the cardiomyocytes in rats with hypertension.


Most of the high inclined directional wells drilled at present are of double targets or multiple targets, and have such characteristics as high inclination, long horizontal displacement, short radius to target point, complex geological structure and high downhole temperature. Polysulfonated oil mixing drilling fluid and polyol drilling fluid are used, and fluid and solid lubricating agents of excellent performances are added into, to effectively reduce drilling fluid friction and prevent such downhole troubles as hole collapse; corresponding drilling techniques are adopted. Field using shows that the polysulfonated oil mixing drilling fluid and polyol drilling fluid have better lubricity, inhibition, wellbore stability, high temperature tolerance and free of contamination f its good rheology ensures the low sand and solids content and high quality mud cake, and the high inclined section is effectively cleaned. This drilling fluid technology meets the requirements of high inclined well drilling on drilling fluid performances.


The BESIII collaboration here reports the first observation of polarized Λ and Λ̄ hyperons produced in two different processes: i) the resonant e+e− → J/ψ → ΛΛ̄, using a data sample of 1.31 × 10 J/ψ events and ii) the non-resonant e+e− → γ∗ → ΛΛ̄, using a 66.9 pb−1 data sample collected at √ s = 2.396 GeV. In e+e− → J/ψ → ΛΛ̄, the phase between the electric and the magnetic amplitude is measured for the first time to be 42.3 ± 0.6 ± 0.5. The multi-dimensional analysis enables a model-independent measurement of the decay parameters for Λ → pπ− (α−), Λ̄ → p̄π (α+) and Λ̄ → n̄π (ᾱ0). The obtained value α− = 0.750±0.009±0.004 differs with 5σ from the PDG value. This value, together with the measurement α+ = −0.758±0.010±0.007 allow for the most precise test of CP violation in Λ decays so far: ACP = (α− +α+)/(α−−α+) of −0.006±0.012±0.007. The decay asymmetry ᾱ0 = −0.692± 0.016± 0.006 is measured for the first time. The e+e− → ΛΛ̄ reaction at √ s = 2.396 GeV enables a first complete measurement of the time-like electric and magnetic form factor of any baryon, of the modulus of the ratio R = |GE/GM | and of the relative phase ∆Φ = ΦE − ΦM . With the decay asymmetry parameters from the J/ψ data, the obtained values are R = 0.96± 0.14± 0.02 and ∆Φ = 37 ± 12 ± 6. In addition, the cross section has been measured with unprecedented precision to be σ = 119.0± 5.3± 5.1 pb, which corresponds to an effective form factor of |G| = 0.123± 0.003± 0.003.


Road surface conditions can cause serious traffic accidents, often with tragic consequences. Thus, an efficient system for mapping road anomalies can significantly promote the safety of drivers and pedestrians. This paper proposes a novel road anomaly mapping system that is able to detect a wide variety of conditions with high accuracy. The smartphone's accelerometer and GPS sensors are used for detection to minimize infrastructure costs. In addition, to ensure the system is adaptive to different road conditions, pattern recognition techniques are used to automatically calculate the detection threshold. Furthermore, to compensate for GPS inaccuracies, reinforcement learning based on a proposed reward system is used to maximize confidence in the detected anomalies. The reward system is also able to forget anomalies that have been fixed. Moreover, the system is implemented in a distributed way between the smartphone and a cloud server to minimize cellular bandwidth usage, while still retaining the accuracy advantages of a centralized cloud. Live tests have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the system and the results show it is accurate under different driving conditions.


It is negligent of a person who fails to protect others from unreasonable injury according to a legal obligation.Recognition of negligence depends on whether a duty of care exists.The objective approach to the recognition of negligence is the mainstream in civil law system.In the construction of a legal frame on negligence in torts,we should deny the existing subjective approach to the judgment criteria of negligence,and establish the objective approach to the recognition of negligence.


Electrical circuits and power systems are more expensive parts of device found in a distributed network. The normal construction and at the similar interval of time mechanically robust, they give a long-term service that on average could reach half-century. The power system and electric circuit is a difficult assembly of elements based on gets along, the world –wide established technologies. Electrical circuits and power systems have been utilized world-wide for several years and their obtainability and dependability is a main concern for every electricity consumers and the resources owners. The current generated in distributed are newly starting to be Power-Quality issue in power systems. The Power Quality factors like: Voltage Sag, Flicker, Un-balance, Regulation, Swell and Interruptions etc. A loss of electrical circuits which results in sudden change in the capacity or burdens. These loads may cause transmission circuit over charging and bus voltage limit destructions. Electrical circuits and power systems are a key-element of high voltage electrical transmission network, which adapt voltage phases to the dissimilar requires of electric power consumers at constant power. In research work, we implemented a hybrid approach in MATLAB simulation tool used by 2016a version, to manage the voltage losses in electrical circuits and power systems. This approach evaluates fitness function to enhance the performance of the electric system like Voltage Loss, Voltage Magnitude (Strength) and Active Power Losses and compared with the existing performance parameters and algorithm (GA).


Special endurance in fencing provides long-term speed-strength work with high coordination complexity when performing competitive actions of athletes. Analysis of the available scientific literature revealed that information about the pulse values of competitive loads in modern conditions is not available for both elite saber fencers and saber fencers of mass categories. The aim of the study is to identify the indicators of heart rate in saber fencers aged 14-15 in competitive fights to clarify the time of work in fight in various power zones. To solve the problem of identifying saber fencers' heart rate indicators during competitive fights, we used Polar system heart monitors, monitoring was carried out in fights both in the preliminary round up to 5 touches and in the direct elimination round up to 15 touches. In addition, video filming and analysis of all competitive fights of the subjects was carried out. Each fight was presented graphically using a notation, however, in deciphering the fighting, we took into account not only the actual techniques, as in the generally accepted record of the fight, but also the false actions used by young athletes, which allowed us to distribute all the technical and tactical actions during fight, as well as determine the time of work in different power zones. As a result of the data obtained, we determined the average duration of work of young saber fencers in power zones in competitive fights for the entire competitive day, which will allow us to further develop a methodology for improving the special endurance of saber fencers aged 14-15, taking into account the specifics of competitive activity.


While religiously‐based explanations have previously been popular in explaining mental illness, support for such models has waned with the increasing prominence of the fields of psychiatry and psychology in developed societies. The question remains, however, whether religious specialists continue to endorse religious explanations for mental disease despite increasing secular and psychological education—possible markers of secularization. In this study, a representative sample of Singaporean Christian clergymen were examined to see whether increasing secular and psychological educational attainment were related to decreasing preferences to explain mental illness with religiously‐based models. Based on the survey results from 213 respondents, psychological and secular educational attainments were not related to endorsement of religiously based causation models for mental illness. Increasing theological education, however, was significantly related to decreased support for religiously‐based models even when conservative theological beliefs were statistically controlled. This study then also points of the importance of understanding the content of education since this may have implication to subsequent beliefs.


The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention (100), the region dividing unit for dividing the liquid crystal display part (170) into a plurality of regions and (151), whether each area is a first area for displaying natural images, region discriminator for discriminating whether the second area for displaying an artificial image and (152), configured to widen the viewing angle for the first region and the determined area for displaying natural images , and a viewing angle setting unit is not set to widen the viewing angle with respect to the second region and the determined area for displaying an artificial image (153). Accordingly, even when simultaneously displaying a natural image and an artificial image, to display without deteriorating the display quality of the artificial image.


Photonic crystals including amorphous and ordered photonic crystals (APCs and OPCs) show wide applications in color displays, sensors, and pigments. The fabrication of APCs and OPCs in one method i...