This article discusses the findings from a survey of 14-16 year olds made subject to a supervision order in 1978. The social enquiry reports and case files of 241 girls and 971 boys reveal a number of noticeable differences between the sexes in the imposition of this particular sentence. Girls are made subject to an order for less serious offences than committed by boys, after having been involved in fewer previous misdemeanours and for having committed fewer current offences. Taken together, the data would appear to point to a degree of discrimination in the administration of juvenile justice. This pattern is set within the contexts of the supervision order being a disposal of wide and often unspecified remit and can thereby be readily interpreted by both sentencers and social workers or probation officers as extending general superintendence to wayward youngsters. Because troublesome girls are viewed as exceptional delinquents, they are vulnerable to a greater degree of control and regulation `for their own good' than are boys. Whilst ideas of welfare that are enshrined in legislation directed at young offenders have a benign objective, an emphasis upon `needs' can be variously interpreted meaning that everyday typifications become expressed in the penological regulation of delinquent girls.


Final Report; covers the annual phases of a two-phase effort to expand the data collected in the companion document (Compilation, L51565). Each annual section is approximately 100 pages and describes the test procedure and selection criteria for the 22 engines and 6 turbines added by the project.


Introduction: Diastema is a term used in dentistry which refers to a gap between the teeth. This condition is both common in children as well as in adults. These gaps can be an aesthetic issue for individuals when they are highly noticeable. The causes for diastema can be several reasons like size of teeth, size of jaw bone etc. Treatment of diastema varies from individual to individual based on the cause of the condition. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice about management of diastema among the dental students. Materials and methods: Self-administered questionnaire was prepared based on diastema and distributed among dental students through an online survey link. The sample size was about 113 undergraduate dental students. The data was statistically analysed with the SPSS software. Results and Discussion: In the study, 94.7% of the population were aware about the term diastema and 5.3% of the population were not aware about the term diastema. 13.3% % of the participants responded that transient malocclusion is the cause for diastema, 14.2% responded midline pathology, 7% responded proclination and 65.5% responded as all of the above.


The Lagrange formalism is developed for Bateman oscillators, which includes both damped and amplified systems, and a novel method to derive the Caldirola-Kanai and null Lagrangians is presented. For the null Lagrangians, the corresponding gauge functions are obtained. It is shown that the gauge functions can be used to convert the undriven Bateman oscillators into the driven ones. Applications of the obtained results to quantizatation of the Bateman oscillators are briefly discussed.


A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 29 March, 2018 Accepted: 24 April, 2018 Online :20 May, 2018 Though AES is the highest secure symmetric cipher at present, many attacks are now effective against AES too which is seen from the review of recent attacks of AES. This paper describes an extended AES algorithm with key sizes of 256, 384 and 512 bits with round numbers of 10, 12 and 14 respectively. Data block length is 128 bits, same as AES. But unlike AES each round of encryption and decryption of this proposed algorithm consists of five stages except the last one which consists of four stages. Unlike AES, this algorithm uses two different key expansion algorithms with two different round constants that ensure higher security than AES. Basically, this algorithm takes one cipher key and divides the selected key of two separate sub-keys: FirstKey and SecondKey. Then expand them through two different key expansion schedules. Performance analysis shows that the proposed extended AES algorithm takes almost same amount of time to encrypt and decrypt the same amount of data as AES but with higher security than AES.


The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of flows of a weakly conducting liquid in a narrow coaxial channel with dielectric walls, in which the liquid is glowing. It has been experimentally shown that in addition to visible light radiation, there is also electromagnetic radiation in the radio range and X-ray radiation. Various physical mechanisms that can cause these phenomena are discussed. It is assumed that the main cause of the observed phenomena is associated with electrization of the liquid during its flow in a channel of a complex shape. The results of calculations of electrization in the framework of the electro-hydrodynamic two-ion model of the medium are given, taking into account the electrochemical processes at the interfaces and convective charge transfer with the formation of strong induced electric fields near the walls.


Oxidative induction time (OIT) is a property of plastics related to their stabilizer packages. Values for this property have appeared only occasionally in specifications for the last 5-10 years. However, OIT test results will soon become more important because of the recent introduction of the Geosynthetic Research Institute specification for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes, GRI GM-13. This specification requires manufacturers of HDPE geomembranes to report the OIT value for their products and evaluate how the value changes as a function of oven aging and UV exposure. There are actually two different OIT test methods. One is ASTM D 3895-94, "Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," referred to as the "Regular OIT Test." The other is ASTM D 5885-95, "Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry," the high-pressure OIT (HPOIT). This column discusses each test method individually, then compares the two. It is concluded that one should use the OIT test for all geomembranes unless they contain additives called thiosynergists or hindered amine light stabilizers, which cannot be detected by the test. The presence of these types of additives requires use of the HPOIT test.


The question is posed: why were two pesticides, Aldrin and Dieldrin, judged to be carcinogenic in the US but not in Britain when the same evidence was available to the public authorities in both countries? No single cause is identified; rather, a variety of mutually reinforcing factors account for the decisions by the two public authorities: the uncertainty of the scientific evidence; the application of different standards of carcinogenicity associated with different social and scientific commitments; the government agencies with primary responsibility for the decisions; the way in which pesticides are regulated; and several cultural and economic considerations. The case study illustrates the analytical inadequacy of the fact-value distinction, and the tendency of decision-makersto justify their decisions by -ecourse to science. It also supports the view that the traditional relationship between science and public policy is being redefined in complex, technical areas of decision-making like risk assessment. Carcinogenic Risk Assessment in the United States and Great Britain: The Case of AldrinIDieldrin Brendan Gillespie, Dave Eva and Ron Johnston The nature and scale of the hazards associated with new technologies have required governments to make difficult decisions about the form of control they should exercise over new products and processes. Although governments have received advice from a large and growing body of scientists, this has not always simplified the decision-making process nor rendered it more rational and objective. In this paper, we try to explain why two governments reached contradictory conclusions to the same problem on the basis of the same scientific evidence. More specifically, we will try to explain why two chemical pesticides, Aldrin and Dieldrin (A/D), were judged to be carcinogenic in the US but not in Britain when the same data were available to public authorities in both countries. Social Studies of Science (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), Vol. 9 (1979),265301 266 Social Studies of Science The issue here is not one of differing assessments of risk or of balancing risks and benefits. Rather, what requires explanation is the different regulatory statuses assigned to the same products by the US and British governments. The observation that scientific experts disagree and oppose each others' views is hardly new -witness the appearance of a sizeable literature on the subject.' However, much of the literature incorporates weaknesses which inhibit our understanding of the role played by science in risk determination and, more generally, in controversies among experts in matters of public policy. Firstly, much of it focuses on one country, usually the US, whilst assuming that the roles of scientific advisers, and the problems which their use entails for governments, are everywhere the same. The comparative approach adopted in this paper should offset this, as well as a second, def i~iency:~ namely, the roles of science and scientists are generally analyzed in terms of universalistic categories which obscure the effects of different political and cultural settings on the type of science providing the basis for policy decisions. One frequently used variant holds that science provides the facts, and their evaluation from divergent value and ideological perspectives results in contrary interpretations. Conflicts among scientists are then explained in terms of the political views, bias or irrationality of one or more of the disputants, and little attention is paid to the content of the conflicting positions. This approach has merit to the extent that it accepts that scientists become integrally involved in political conflicts. Nevertheless, two weaknesses severely limit its explanatory power, and call into question the fact-value distinction on which it is based. Firstly, it does not provide an accurate description of actual controversies. Nowotny, for instance, has argued that the traditional division of labour between science and society is, in practice, breaking down in complex technical spheres of decision-making like risk as~essment.~ Secondly, the essentially positivist view of science, on which the distinction is based, is overly restrictive in limiting explanations of scientific controversies to factors 'extrinsic' to science: values, bias, and the like. When science is examined as a form of organized, intellectual production, a much more complex relationship between scientific concepts, theories and methodologies, on the one hand, and ideological and value commitments, on the other, emerges, which also allows explanations of controversies in terms of factors 'intrinsic' to scientific de~elopment .~ Gillespie, Eva and Johnston: Carcinogenicity in US and UK 267 Through a cross-national analysis of the contradictory A/D decision, we hope to set the pertinent features of the science-public policy relationship into sharper focus than before. We begin our analysis by looking at the differing interpretation of the evidence about A/D provided for the British and US authorities. Significant differences are found to exist in the criteria used to infer carcinogenicity, in the type of scientists providing the authoritative interpretations, and in the choices with which the respective public authorities were faced. This examination of the provision of scientific advice is complemented by an analysis of the factors affecting its reception. We identify those institutional, legal, cultural and economic features of the decision-making contexts which made them more or less receptive to the advice they were proffered. BRITISH AND US DECISIONS5 Aldrin and Dieldrin are two organochlorine pesticides that were widely used in agriculture in the 1960s. Workers applying A/D and consumers eating residues in and on treated crops were exposed to shortand long-term toxic hazards. (Aldrin rapidly degrades to Dieldrin in plants and animals, so when we discuss the hazards of A/D we are really talking about the hazards associated with Dieldrin.) The carcinogenic risk of A/D had been reviewed in a variety of national and international settings since the mid 1 9 5 0 ~ . ~ While several expressed uncertainty and requested more evidence, none of the reviews had been prepared to declare A/D carcinogenic. None, that is, until September 1974, when the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that A/D posed an unacceptable carcinogenic hazard.' Not surprisingly, the decision was viewed as controversial in the US, and was criticized in other countries. EPA had initiated administrative hearings in August 1973 to determine whether A/D's registrations should be cancelled that is, effectively banned.8 These hearings had been in progress for a year when EPA held more hearings to determine whether A/D's registrations should be suspended that is, their sale temporarily banned. Congress had provided EPA with these statutory alternatives to ensure that the agency could eliminate 'unreasonable' risks that might arise in the course of lengthy cancellation hearings. The two decisions are administratively distinct, and a decision to Social Studies of Science suspend does not automatically prejudge the cancellation decision. It was during the suspension hearing that the question of A/D's carcinogenicity came to the fore and, in fact, dominated the proceedings. An environmental group, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), had petitioned EPA for A/D's cancellation and suspension. Their case was supported, and effectively prosecuted, by EPA's Office of General Counsel (OGC). Shell, A/D's manufacturer, opposed these groups and was supported by the Department of Agriculture (USDA). The case was argued before Administrative Law Judge Perlman who was paid by EPA but independent of the agency for career advancement and t e n ~ r e . ~ He recommended that A/D be suspended because of the carcinogenic risk the chemicals posed, and this was endorsed by EPA's Administrator, Russell Train. When the decision was upheld in the Appeals Court, Shell withdrew from the cancellation hearings.1° The following month, in October 1974, a group of British experts reviewed EPA's decision. They concluded 'that there was no reason to recommend any change in the UK action on Aldrin and Dieldrin as decided at the time of the 1969 reviews of organochlorine pesticides'." No new evidence had been produced in the interim and the British experts had frequently discussed the evidence on A/D with Shell toxicologists over the years.12 The British experts were members of a Panel of the Advisory Committee on Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals. The Committee is an expert body that advises U K government departments on the hazards associated with pesticides. The departments then negotiate what action to take with manufacturers of the product in question. The negotiations are conducted within the framework of a voluntary (that is, non-statutory) agreement between government and industry the Pesticides Safety Precautions Scheme (PSPS).I3 It is quite clear, then, that the experts and decision-makers in PSPS and EPA reviewed the same experimental evidence of A/D's possible carcinogenicity and came to contradictory conclusions. Furthermore, although each group of experts and decision-makers was aware of A/D's status in the other decision-making forum, this did not change their conclusion. We therefore have a genuine paradox to explain. Gillespie, Eva and Johnston: Carcinogenicity in US and UK 269 LIMITATIONS OF TOXICOLOGY The first possible explanation of the different decisions is the uncertainty in determining carcinogenic risk. Toxicology, the field most directly concerned with the harmful effects of chemicals, has developed a fragmentary and incomplete understanding of the cancer-causing process.14 It is conceivable, then, that a number of competing and equally plausible interpretations of the same evidence could co-exist. The toxicologists' uncertain knowledge of cancer mi


IEEE 1500 is a standard under development which intends to improve ease of test reuse and test integration with respect to the core-based SoCs. The subject paper proposes developing test environment and test methodologies for digital embedded cores based system-on-a-chip (SoC). The digital cores used in the study were constructed from ISCAS 85 combinational and ISCAS 89 sequential benchmark circuits. The wrapper that separates the core under test from other cores is assumed to be IEEE 1500-compliant. The test access mechanism plays an important role in transporting the test patterns to the desired core and the core responses to the output pin of the SoC. The faults were injected using a fault simulator that generates tests for the core. The cores and test access mechanism were described using VHDL. The test access mechanism (TAM) provides the connection between the test sources, cores, and test sinks, and is crucial in any SoC design. The outcome was the fault coverage of all the cores being tested. Area overhead and power consumption are taken into account in our scheme. Some experiment results based on a sample SoC are reported, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of area overhead.


Superparasitism is a widespread phenomenon in insect parasitoids and may be advantageous in certain circumstances. The present study aimed to highlight the effect of superparasitism on some biological aspects of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, the common, native egg parasitoid species in Egypt, when reared on different hosts under laboratory conditions. Eggs of seven lepidopterous hosts i.e. Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.), Earias insulana (Boisd.), Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), Galleria melonella L., Anagasta (Ephestia) kuehniella (Zeller) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) were used in the study. Developmental period, emergence rate, longevity and sex ratio were the considered biological aspects of Trichogramma, in no-choice and choice experiments. The superparasitism occurred in both small and large host eggs, as more than one adult emerged from a single host egg with different average numbers of emerged adults, ranged between 1.20 and 2.73 adults in Sitotroga (the smallest egg volume) and Helicoverpa (the largest), respectively. The volume of the host's egg and incidence of superparasitism had no influence on the developmental period of immature stages of T. evanescens in the seven tested hosts, while some other biological aspects of the parasitoid species such as; emergence rate, female percentage and adults' longevity had relatively been affected and significant differences were found.


Credit is not only the basis and protection of market economy, but also a kind capital that can be put in the operation of market economy. The formation of moral credit capital is the result of market regulation, and also an advanced market mechanism will bring forth the moral credit capital, which is of great benefit to the market economy.


The work is devoted to the study of the effect of phycoerythrin pigment on the seawater optical properties in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The investigation was carried out in the 79th expedition of the R / V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in January 2020. At some stations, a high content of phycoerythrin was registered in the fluorescence spectra of seawater, the light absorption spectra by suspended particles, and in the remote sensed reflectance spectra of seawater. In particular, the fluorescence of this pigment induced by solar radiation was recorded in ocean color data. The presence of phycoerythrin can lead to uncertainties of the chlorophyll-a concentration estimates from satellite data retrieved with standard algorithms.


the present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting infrequent small communication data between IoT communication devices and main and access network mobile communication network comprising at least radio cell and associated base station entity, including antenna equipment, where the payload size of small and infrequent communication data is less than 10 kilobytes and / or have an average bit rate per time interval of at least 60 minutes less than 10 bd ( 10 bits per second), where does the mobile communication network provide communication services at bit rates of at least 9.6 kbd (9600 bits per second) and using the antenna or base station entity equipment? for mobile subscribers of the mobile communication network.


As the government considers its new information strategy for the NHS, Michael Cross assesses what has gone wrong in the past and the chances of future success


The aims of the present study were to investigate the occurrence of intramammary infections in primiparous heifers treated and not with antibiotics in the prepartum, postpartum and subsequent lactation periods and to verify the occurrence of antibiotic residues in the milk released for consumption. A total of 188 mammary glands from 47 Black and White Holstein and crossbred heifers belonging to two experimental dairy farms located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated. Animals were randomly distributed into four groups, treated and untreated (control). In the prepartum period, mammary gland secretion samples were collected from all mammary quarters for microbiological examinations. Then, animals in the treated group received intramammary infusion with antibiotics. Milk samples were collected immediately after calving, ten days after and monthly throughout lactation for microbiological assays, milk composition determination, somatic cell count and investigation of antimicrobial residues using Delvotest®SP. It was observed that about 20% of animals already had intramammary infections sixty days before calving, and around 40% at calving. The dry cow therapy had no significant effect on controlling infections. Staphylococcus spp. was the main isolated bacterial genus. Antimicrobial residues were detected in 5.43% of milk samples from treated heifers. The dry cow therapy should be administered in primiparous heifers at the prepartum period with caution and accompanied by a veterinarian.


Realizing strong plasmon-exciton coupling is essential for nonlinear optics in single photon level and applications in quantum information. The transmission-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years since it turns to a direct band gap material at monolayer level and can demonstrate strong interaction with light at room temperature. Here, we study strong light-matter interaction in monolayer WS2 with gold disk and dimer nanoantennae both numerically and experimentally. By changing the geometry of nanoantenna arrays, we can approach strong coupling regime and the coupling strength can be flexibly tuned, where an anti-crossing behavior is observed. The vacuum Rabi splitting of disk nanoantenna is 88meV and a lager Rabi splitting 118 meV for dimer structure is obtained.


Background: The lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI)—a recently developed measure of the sphericity of the lateral femoral condyle—was reported to be a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, issues have been raised regarding how the index was measured and regarding the patient group and the knee in which it was measured. Purpose: To investigate the association between the LFCI and the risk of sustaining a primary, noncontact ACL injury, and to examine whether this association was moderated by the posterior-inferior–directed slope of the lateral tibial plateau. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of deidentified magnetic resonance images of the uninjured knees of 86 athletes with ACL injury and the corresponding knees of 86 control athletes, matched for sports team, sex, and age. From those images, we measured the LFCI and the posterior-inferior–directed slope of the middle region articular cartilage surface of the tibial plateau's lateral compartment. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to determine whether the LFCI was significantly associated with ACL injury risk and whether the lateral tibial compartment middle cartilage slope moderated this association. Data were analyzed for female and male participants separately as well as for both groups combined. Results: The LFCI was not found to be significantly associated with experiencing a primary, noncontact ACL injury for all analyses. The lateral tibial slope measure was not found to moderate the association between the LFCI and ACL injury. A conditional logistic regression analysis using the LFCI data of the injured knees, instead of the uninjured knees, of the participants with ACL injury revealed that the LFCI was significantly associated with ACL injury. Conclusion: In this population of athletically active female and male participants, the LFCI was not found to be a risk factor for noncontact ACL injury, regardless of the geometric features of the lateral tibial slope.


UNSTRUCTURED
 Displaying patients' data on electronic dashboards in the emergency room provides emergency room employees continuous visual monitoring. With this study, we aimed to measure the effects of displaying data on electronic dashboards on the quality and safety of the patient care provided in the emergency room (ER). We used a cross-sectional study design to compare the results of specific quality and safety indicators before and after the implementation of the dashboards in the ER of the Royal Commission Hospital, Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Our results showed statistically significant improvements on the waiting time for all ER patients, the total length of stay in the ER, and the time from arrival until an electrocardiogram test was performed for patients who came to the ER with symptoms suggesting coronary artery disease. Future studies might be conducted to evaluate the end-users' utilization and satisfaction of the ER dashboards.


ABSTRACT This article examines napalm as an epistemology of U.S militarism, developing the framework of "objects of warfare" to describe political relations intertwined with racialized personhood and militarized objecthood. The first half traces the racial logics of infrastructural warfare in the Vietnam War, while the second situates the construction of Asian racial form via liberal humanism within cultural representations of napalm in the war's afterlives. By examining the interrelatedness of napalm's physical violence and its political effects, this article suggests objects of warfare offer a framework to trace links between militarized objecthood and the lingering specters of Cold War liberalism and imperialism.


Introduction. Modern conditions for the development of society actualize the need to improve the quality of education. However, schools are currently affected by various risks, including risks of low adaptability, which increase the likelihood of failure of students. In this regard, there is a problem of overcoming risks, the need for scientific and methodological support for the development of professional readiness of teachers to minimize the risks of low adaptability. The purpose of the article is to develop and theoretically substantiate the model for the implementation of scientific and methodological support for the development of professional readiness of teachers to minimize the risks of low adaptability of the educational process Materials and methods. 11 schools of the Orenburg region (the Russian Federation) took part in the research. The authors used the content analysis of development concepts, medium-term development programs, self-study reports aimed at identifying the significance of the risks of low adaptability of the educational process for schools with low educational results; moreover, the professional deficits of teachers in minimizing risks were determined. Based on the data obtained, a modeling method was applied, which made it possible to develop a process model of scientific and methodological support of teachers' professional readiness to minimize the risks of low adaptability Results. It was revealed that for 45.5% of schools with low educational results, the risks of low adaptability are presented with a high degree of significance, for 36.4% of schools – with an average degree of significance, for 18.1% of schools the risks are presented with a low degree of significance. Typical professional deficits of teaching staff while minimizing the risks of low adaptability are identified: conducting a comprehensive assessment of the risks of low adaptability (100%); identifying sufficient content to overcome the risks of low adaptability (100%); definition of goals and objectives of action plans to reduce the risks of low adaptability (75%); specification of measures to reduce the risks of low adaptability (75%). A process model of scientific and methodological support for the development of teachers' professional readiness to minimize the risks of low adaptability has been developed, including target, methodological, organizational-executive, criteria-evaluation and effective blocks. Discussion and conclusion. The identified typical professional deficits of teachers require the implementation of scientific and methodological support for the development of professional readiness of teachers to minimize the risks of low adaptability of the educational process. The results of the study can be used in the practice of professional development of teaching staff of schools with low educational results.


Parallel connection of different batteries equipped with bidirectional DC-DC converters offers an increase of the total storage capacity, the provision of higher currents and an improvement of reliability and system availability. To share the load current among the DC-DC converters while maintaining the safe operating range of the batteries, appropriate controllers are needed. The basis for the design of these control approaches requires knowledge of both the static and dynamic characteristics of the DC-DC converter used. In this paper, the small signal analysis of a DC-DC converter in buck mode is shown using the circuit averaging technique. The paper gives an overview of all required transfer functions:. The control and line to output transfer functions for CCM and DCM relevant for average current mode control as well as for voltage control are derived and their poles and zeros are determined. This provides the basis for stability consideration, analysis of the overall control structure and controller design.


A harmonic field for cubane is developed by means of the following experimental data from literature: vibrational frequencies for C8H8, sym-C8H6D2, sym-C8H2D6 and C8D8, in addition to three Coriolis constants of C8H8. As a part of this analysis a new iteration method was developed for simultaneous fitting of vibrational frequencies and first-order Coriolis constants of a threedimensional symmetry block. The force constants were used to calculate the vibrational frequencies of all the twenty existing partially deuterated cubanes, in addition to the unsubstituted (C8H8) and perdeuterated (C8D8) molecules. Also the first-order Coriolis constants, mean amplitudes of vibration and perpendicular amplitude correction coefficients for selected cubane molecules are reported


A two-dimensional pointing mirror for a laser beam deflection is presented. The mirror is primarily aimed for the pointing of a laser beam in the free space communication. The deflection of the mirror is accomplished by means of three voice coil actuators used in hard disk drives.


Background: Cholecystocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of chronic gallstone disease. We present a case of cholecystocutaneous fistula successfully managed with day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Case Outline: An 80-year-old man initially presented with acute biliary sepsis, was treated conservatively, and later developed a right upper quadrant swelling in keeping with an abscess. He re-presented with bilious drainage from the old wound site. Results: A sinogram demonstrated a cholecystocutaneous fistula. Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and the fibrous tract was divided. Discussion: This rarely seen condition can be safely managed, in suitable patients, as a day-case procedure.


The dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide and dinitrogen has recently been discovered in cowpea rhizobia and Rhizobium japonicum (Zablotowicz et al., 1978). The general sequence of denitrification, as proposed by Payne (1 973), of NO,-+ NO2+ NO -+ N,0+N2 is the likely pathway of denitrification in Rhizobium in both free-living and bacteroid forms. The slower growing, alkali-producing ' cowpea-type ' rhizobia probably evolved from tropical soils which remained saturated with water for extended periods of time (Norris, 1964). Nodulation in cowpeas is sensitive to short periods of anoxia (Sallee & Smith, 1969), and waterlogging depresses nitrogenase activity by decreasing respiratory activity (Sprent, 1971). Ethanol accumulation induced in soybean nodules may be partially responsible for the subsequent disintegration of nodule integrity (Sprent & Gallacher, 1976). Minchin & Pate (1975) found that, under waterlogging conditions, peas (Pisum sativum) exhibited extreme degradation of nodule tissue in 14 d, while functional bacteroids in cowpeas (Vigna) could be observed after 32 d. Though better O2 transport in cowpeas might be a possible explanation for the differences, as suggested by Minchin & Pate (1975), the possession of a dissimilatory nitrate reductase in the cowpea rhizobia cannot be precluded. Such an enzyme has been found in suspensions of R. japonicum bacteroids, though an active dissimilatory nitrite reductase was not detected (Daniel & Appleby, 1972). Rhizobium japonicum can use nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor to oxygen to generate ATP for nitrogenase activity, and nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities remain constant until nitrite accumulates and inhibits nitrogenase activity (Rigaud et al., 1973).


In the context of the digital information era, the 2D models with the major expression means of the traditional computer graphics software, such as Auto CAD, have become less and less able to meet the demands on interior design of large construction projects with complex geometry. In combination with the application of the BIM technology at the stage of design, construction design and anaphase project management of interior projects, BIM's strengths and its problems exposed at present were summarized to explore how this new technology can better serve specific interior projects and how practitioners should meet the changes brought by information technology in the industry.


The reactivity of selenoprotein P (a serum selenoprotein containing 10 selenocysteine (SeCys), 17 cysteine (Cys) and 14 histidine (His) residues) with two metallodrugs (auranofin and cisplatin) was investigated. The selenoprotein...


The project consisted of a complete simple-cycle combustion turbine powerplant, including combustion turbine, generator, all of the auxiliary system equipment, fuel gas heater and filter-separator, power electrics including transformers and isophase bus, switchyard, and the site development including civil works. The system driver is the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 50 Hertz, nominal 124 megawatt, 701 D Combustion Turbine. The generator for this project is a Brush Electric Machines 9-450 Generator. This was the first time that Westinghouse incorporated this engine and generator into the family of Econopacs. The Westinghouse term Econopac refers to a complete self-contained combustion turbine package extending from the main step-up transformer to the inlet and exhaust system. Westinghouse strives to make the different product lines look and function similarly whether it is a 40 MW unit all the way up to the next generation 230 MW unit.


This study reports the results of a de novo classification and characterization of macroscopically perceivable bone alterations relating to the pathologic significance of rib alterations as noted in defleshed bones. We distinguish between nonspecific two-dimensional color alterations and three-dimensional surface modification which appears to have diagnostic significance. Color alterations were patchy in nature with brown being most prominent, followed by creamy, white and orange, but appear taphonomic in nature. Categorization of three dimensional alterations, e.g., periosteal reaction, bumps and holes, identifies which is specific for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Rib periosteal reaction is significantly more common among individuals with tuberculosis than those with non-tubercular pulmonary disease (Chi square = 33.75, p < 0.0001), cancer (Chi square = 5.82, p < 0.02), cardiac disease (Chi square = 7.404, p < 0.008), and others (Chi square = 63.19, p < 0.0001). This study explains past errors in recognition of the significance of rib alterations.


Two kinds of semiconductor nanometer particles, prepared by Langmuir–Blodgett techniques and the colloid method, were studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using a scanning tunneling microscope operating in air. For PbS nanometer particles, striped structures of about 20–30 nm width were found. Further studies demonstrated that the striped structures are caused by tip–sample interactions and preparation processes. Tip–sample interactions can cause lateral motion and vertical transfer of the nanometer particles which are weakly adsorbed on graphite surface. But the preparation method and the properties of the nanometer materials are the decisive reasons for the ultimate structure formation.


Abstract Persian Sea and Persian Gulf have a historical and geographical background that Arabic sources approve their originality since long time ago so that the Muslim writers, Arabs and non-Arabs, repeatedly mentioned these names in their works including historical, geographical and interpretative works and literary sources. In this study, we have tried to search and extract the usage of the terms "Persian Sea" and "Persian Gulf" in dictionaries and Arabic literary books from the second century to the twelfth century (10 centuries). Our research method is a descriptive-historical method and the statistics are presented if necessary. Arabic dictionaries and literary books beside the other Arabic sources such as Geographical, historical and interpretative sources approve the originality and antiquity of the terms "Persian Sea" and "Persian Gulf".


A now growing number of studies suggest that delayed intervention in schizophrenic psychosis has detrimental effects on several parameters of illness outcome. Duration of untreated psychosis (= DUP) is decreased by early recognition. However, early recognition is often hampered by the clinically unspecific symptoms and different definitions of the prodromal phase by the widely used classification systems. Help-seeking behaviour is influenced by negative symptoms, prejudice, fear of stigmatisation as well as sometimes inappropriate supplies of help. We suggest that intervention should occur in the least traumatising way, including separate treatment programs and low-dose medication.Young, drug-naive patients have lower receptor thresholds and suffer more often from neuroleptic side effects. Non-compliance and thus a long duration of untreated psychosis are inherent risks of unadapted treatment practices.


THE AUTHORS DESCRIBE THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NATIONAL ROAD BRIDGE HAVING SEPARATE DIRECTIONAL CARRIAGEWAYS, A TOTAL LENGTH OF 360 M AND SPANS OF UP TO 47.50 M, WHERE CONVENTIONAL SCAFFOLDING WAS REPLACED BY MOBILE FORMWORK. THE EFFECT OF THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION SELECTED ON THE DESIGN AND STATIC CALCULATION OF THE STRUCTURE IS DISCUSSED.


new daily Central England temperature series, 17721991. Int. 3. ClirnatoL, 12, pp. 317-342 (updates appear regularly in Climate Moniror, published by the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich) Robertson, I., Switsur, V. R., Carter, A. H. C., Barker, A. C., Waterhouse, J. S., Briffa, K. R. and Jones, P. D. (1997) Signal strength and climate relationships in the 13C/'*C ratios of uee-ring cellulose h m oak in east England. J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 19 507-19 516 ~~-


Primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa is rare and has scarcely been reported in patients from Latin America. The most frequently affected sites include the palate and gingiva of the maxilla. In this report, we describe primary malignant melanoma in a Latin American patient. A 3 × 3.5-cm black tumor was observed on the upper left retromolar area. The lesion exhibited a sessile base, irregular edges, soft consistency, and pain on palpation. Immunohistochemistry staining results were positive for S100 and HMB-45; the Ki-67 index was 20%. Contrast tomography of the skull, face, abdomen, and thorax, as well as ultrasound of the liver, did not reveal metastatic lesions. The patient underwent wide surgical excision of the lesion, followed by radiotherapy; he was subsequently rehabilitated with a somato prosthesis.


Water is the most valuable substance found on our planet. Many agricultural, industrial, health and other activities depend on it. In other words, water is the source of life. With the continuous development, various fields will consume huge amounts of chemicals and poses hazardous waste to the water. The most dangerous residues are the toxic metals. Toxic metals are cast to the water due to different actions and posed a worldwide problem because its do not degrade into harmless products. So, it can cause bad effect to human and other organisms. Many researchers get it that adsorption is the most effective process to remove toxic metals with the common adsorbent "activated carbon", but due to its high cost, low adsorbents have been investigated to provide an alternative. This book is aiming to solve the problem by using rice husk as a biosorbent to remove toxic metal from water and try to discard of residue through benefit, economic and eco-friendly methods. This book subtracts for searchers and industrialists especially chemical and environmental engineers or anyone interested in water treatment and exploitation from waste.


The relationships between population changes of planktonic and bottom living algae and major environmental factors are reported for a small tropical reservoir and its inflow stream. Changes in algal crops were largely determined by water flow. The water had levels of dissolved ions comparable with those of rain but maintained large crops of mat-forming algae, particularly Spirogyra sp. This was attributed to an ability of this species to absorb nutrients at low ambient levels while being able to build up a large crop size as a result of its growth-formresistance to displacement by water movements. Aspects of the biology of benthic algae are discussed in relation to their crop sizes.


Channel dynamic allocation method for avoiding the interference are ubiquitous sensor network (Ubiquitous Sensor Network, USN) and WiFi (Wireless Fidelity, WiFi) to when the power in the channel dynamic allocation system using at the same time applying step in which the USN module and WiFi is activated and, USN module sends a message to the peripheral USN Emmett and the USN frequency channel receives the interference to the WiFi frequency channel by analyzing the step of identifying the USN Mott number information, WiFi frequency channel and USN frequency channel based on the response whether a step of detecting, WiFi module to search for nearby WiFi communication channel near to identify the channel scan information of the WiFi access points, and detects the remaining change USN frequency channels other than the USN frequency channel receives the interference corresponding to the channel scan information step and change to be transmitted to the USN Mott USN USN frequency of the frequency channel to the surrounding USN Emmett And a step of controlling to change the channel to transmit data.


Cobalt and iron derivatives of tetrasulphonated phthalocyanine (TsPc) have been studied by spectro-electrochemistry in aqueous solution at pH 2-10. For CoTsPc, two reduced species are observed: yellow 2[Co(I)TsPc(-2)] and pink [Co(I)TsPc(-3)] -, over the entire pH range. In acid, oxidation gives a monomeric [CoIII)TsPc(-2)] + species; in base, an equilibrium exists between monomeric and dimeric forms of [Co(III)TsPc(-2)]+, whose relative concentration depends upon concentration of CoTsPc, ionic strength, pH and temperature. Reduction of [Fe(III)TsPc(-2)1+ solutions gives green Fe(II)TsPc(-2) and pink (Fe(I)TsPc(-2)1over the entire pH range. Oxidation gives a product which appears to be an [Fe(IV)TsPc] 2 + species. Differences between the spectra of the species and in the species obtained at different pH values, and aggregation effects are discussed with reference to the nature or axial coordination to the central metal atoms. The developlment of suitable electrocatalysts for the reduction of oxygen it a fuel cell cathode remains an important objective. Many research groups .ire investigating macrocyclic MN1 systems as being likely to fulfil the many ,. stringent requirements for a successful commercial electrocatalyst [1-10]. Recently we were involved in an electrochemical study [11] of the oxv,en 241/86 J.Electroanal.Ghem. reduction properties of tetrasulphonatophthalocyanine (TsPc) derivatives of cobalt and iron, CoTsPc and FeTsPc. The catalysts were deposited, at monomolecular levels, on an ordinary pyrolytic graphite (OPG) electrode. Under an inert atmosphere, a series of four redox couples were observed for V FeTsPc and three for CoTsPc, corresponding to a sequence of one-electron redox processes, proven by coulometry. The redox waves exhibited varying dependence upon pHi. Since the redox process may occur at either the central * metal ion or the phthalocyanlne ring, there is possible ambiguity concerning the actual process occurring at a given wave and such processes may vary * with pH. For example, in the case of FeTsPc, the first reduction potential showed a1 59mV/decade dependence upon pH in the alkaline region, but OmV/decade dependence in the acid region. This variation in behaviour mnight signify the presence of valence isomers such that, for ex:anple, reduction of Fe(lI)TsPc(-2) in the alkaline range might yield [Fe(I)TsPc(-2)V_, but in -the acid range, [Fe(lI)TsPc(-3)F_ night be formed. Such distinctions are *difficult to draw using electrochemistry alone and spectroscopy was used to provide complementary information. In this paper we report this spectro-electrochemistry in aqueous 4% solution over the PH range 2-10 (at approximately constant ionic strength). The spectro-electrochemical data reveal the na~ure of the redox process, permit one to olarifv whether a particular process night he pH dependent, *;mld provide inid iti onal information such as degree of iagre)gat i or thec pr2eenCe Ot ti i merisat inn * Note Ior thor that these diatil rep '_;en t LW hi is* erl edset -t elcroi pectra re2ported -or eries ()I redox T-U t. pl Phi L ocy,-ni ne -;pecies lin i(Inoiis phase. The nlonuc lturo ii1silk, is used tor i icoenuril b I pttnit lit (I 1 kii I 1 ir o ,tl nhi e , Ior ,poc i t iC C oiipotiinds, the o i Jdit i on t .t, t holt I Iictai ind iflith ihocyaine ire defined. Hie Pr(-2) ;tate i i thle ,1.Oit-d ....................................... -. . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * % 24/1/86 J.Electroanal.Chem. 3 oxidation state for the phthalocyanine ring [12].


The frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) butterfly inhabits landscapes that may be subject to frequent fire to be sustained. Frosted elfins pupate primarily in leaf litter, at the soil surface, or just below it, and may suffer high mortality rates when fires occur. Gathering better information on this source of mortality is critical to planning prescribed fire operations in a manner conducive to the long‐term survival of the species. We buried lab‐reared frosted elfin pupae (n = 61) at 0.75 cm (n = 31) or 1.75 cm (n = 30) below the ground and conducted two experimental fires that mimicked typical prescribed fires. Eighteen of 30 (60%) buried at 1.75 cm survived 4 weeks postburn; no pupae buried at 0.75 cm survived. Most (n = 17) of the pupae that survived successfully enclosed the following year. Surviving pupae encountered lower maximum temperatures and were exposed to shorter durations of above‐lethal temperatures compared to those that died. Our data demonstrate that high mortality rates can be expected due to fire, yet fire remains a critical tool for maintaining the habitat. Fire practitioners should mitigate losses by using ignition patterns and suboptimal burn conditions to reduce fire intensity, or burn in a mosaic pattern across the landscape to ensure enough survival to perpetuate frosted elfin populations.


We think now is a good moment to consider a strategic allocation to commodities. Despite a bounce in performance in 2016, sentiment has rarely been worse. Previous poor performance means they remain one of the few asset classes that look genuinely cheap. They provide an inflation hedge few other asset classes can match, while offering significant diversification benefits. Indeed, we argue they can improve risk-adjusted returns even on a pedestrian outlook. In fact, given relatively inefficient markets, skilled managers should be able to extract high excess returns.1


The principal soil-mantle structures in the dry steppes and semidesert of European Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia are discussed, including their makeup, genesis, and stability in natural landscapes and man-made landscapes.


This paper reports on the evaluation of a key component of the comprehensive anticrime initiative currently undertaken in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Community Partners Program is the programmatic approach designed by the HIDTA/Safe and Sound Initiative to deal with crime and disorder in twenty of the highest crime, lowest income areas of the city. Quantitative data collection constraints favored the use of qualitative research for assessing the efficacy of the Community Partners' strategy in achieving desired results. Focus group interviewing, in particular, proved to be an effective method for conducting process-focused criminal justice evaluation research. Through systematic analysis of transcribed focus group interviews, the researcher was able to identify significant trends and patterns in the way participating residents related to the block-by-block organizing efforts and other crime prevention activities of the Community Partners. The evaluation indicates tangible benefits that neighborhood residents attribute to the program, the activities implemented, and the changes desired and achieved.


This thesis is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of Omani political history from the advent of Islam until the collapse of the second Ib—adl. imamate in 280/983. The work commences with a review of the political situation in preIslamic Oman, with special emphasis on the arrival of the Azd and other Arab tribes in Oman. The Islamicization of Oman and its early relations with the Islamic central authorities in Medina are dealt with extensively, and the position of Oman during the Umayyad caliphate is discussed in depth. The relationship between the Omanis and the Khawarij is reappraised. The middle section of the thesis deals with the foundation of the Ib—adi. school in Basra, the spread of Ibacir teachings in Oman, and the concept of imamate according to Ib-i.dr doctrines. The heavy involvement of the Azd tribe in the promulgation of Bid teachings is highlighted. The establishment of the first Ibadr imamate (132-134/750-752) is one of the most important events in Omani history, and this momentous occurrence is examined at length. The rise of the second Ib gcri. imamate and the policies of its various imams are covered extensively; the thesis concludes with the civil war and the collapse of this imamate in 280/893.


This paper presents a technique of adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) with a memory effect for linearization a high power amplifier (HPA). The proposed predistortion linearizer is based on Look-Up tables (LUTs) with linear interpolation and adaptive segmentation. Simulation results with a lab signal of 40W dual-band HPA with memory effect show that the proposed technique achieves a better performance compared with a common LUT-based linear interpolation in the same chip complexity. We also propose an online segmentation method, leading to a quasi-uniform noise distribution between LUTs. Additionally, an online method of LUTs memory adaptation is presented to save chip memory resources.


Connecting soft arc consistency with distributed search in DCOP solving has been very beneficial for performance. However, including higher levels of soft arc consistency breaks usual privacy requirements. To avoid this issue, we propose to keep different representations of the same problem on each agent, on which soft arc consistencies are enforced respecting privacy. Deletions caused in one representation can be legally propagated to others. Experimentally, this causes significant benefits.


Introduction: The increasing awareness of rare diseases and their unmet therapeutic need prompted the development of various innovative treatments such as gene therapies, chelating agents for abnormal molecules, or regenerative medicine approaches. Areas covered: Gene therapies intended for various forms of retinopathies and for lysosomal storage disease, chelating agents for light-chain amyloidosis and a restorative therapy for epidermolysis bulosa are among the orphan drugs designated in the EU between June and July 2014. Expert opinion: Among the drugs discussed in this paper, two recently designated orphan drugs intended for AL amyloidosis may be promising therapeutic candidates if the future clinical data are supportive.


The invention discloses a device and a method achieving timing switching-on and switching-off of a home gateway. The method includes switching off the home gateway when current time is judged to be equal to preset switching-off time after the home gateway is switched on; and/or, switching off the home gateway the current time is judged to be equal to preset switching-on time. The device comprises a setting module, a judging module and a switching-on and switching-off module, wherein the setting module is used for setting of switching-off time and/or switching-on time by a user; the judging module is used for triggering the switching-on and switching-off module to enable the home gateway to be switched off when the current time is judged to be equal to the preset switching-off time; and/or, the judging module is used for triggering the switching-on and switching-off module to enable the home gateway to be switched off when the current time is judged to be equal to the preset switching-on time; and the switching-on and switching-off module conducts switching-on and/or switching-off operation of home gateway according to triggering of the judging module. The device and the method achieve controllable net playing duration of the gateway, simplify user operation, and promote user experience of the home gateway.


The central issue pre‐occupying the sociology of work is the origin, nature and implications of changes currently occurring in paid employment. These changes are seen to occur along a number of key dimensions: the structuring of organisations, the design of work, and the nature and form of industrial relations.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of StaphPlex and xMAP technology for rapid identification of Staphylococcus and detection of antibiotic resistant genes from gram-positive cocci in blood cultures.Methods After gram-positive cocci in clusters were observed in blood cultures,StaphPlex system and xMAP technology were used for phenotypic identification of Staphylococcus and detection of antibiotic resistant genes.The results were compared with those of routine identification and susceptibility testing.SCCmec and PVL genes of four methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were detected with StaphPlex and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR respectively.Results The positive rate of Staphylococcus was 91.3%(21/23),and that of non-Staphylococcus was 8.7%(2/23).The routine phenotypic identification demonstrated that one of the two non-Staphylococcus isolates was Staphylococcus capitis,and the other was Enterococcus faecium.The results of detection of aacA,ermA,ermC,SCCmec and the PVL gene by StaphPlex were highly consistent with those of drug sensitivity tests in vitro and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Conclusions StaphPlex is a new technology for rapidly and accurately detecting Staphylococcus in blood cultures and drug resistance genes,and can be used in clinical diagnosis.


: Fracture of the mandibular condyle accounts for 20-30 % of mandibular fracture cases overall. We will hereby report on four cases of fracture of the mandibular condyle for which good outcomes were achieved by means of fixation and aggressive mouth-opening exercises using a bite plate as a type of conservative treatment. Patients between the ages of 6 and 53 years with the mean age of 37.25 years were investigated. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Of the four patients with fracture of the mandibular condyle, three exhibited midline fracture of the mandible. Bite plates were fabricated and intermaxillary fixation was conducted for 1-3 weeks with these bite plates for patients who presented at hospital from 1-10 days after injury and were refused surgery. After completion of intermaxillary fixation, aggressive mouth-opening exercises were implemented. Once sufficient mouth opening was possible, the healing progress was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) images. Treatment methods for fracture of the mandibular condyle include invasive and non-invasive ones. Favorable treatment outcomes were achieved with intermaxillary fixation using a bite plate and mouth-opening exercises in this study. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study on the efficacy of this treatment and will hereby report on the results. of


Machine learning has been increasingly used in current days. Great improvements, especially in deep neural networks, helped to boost the achievable performance in computer vision and signal processing applications. Although different techniques were applied for deep architectures, the frequency domain has not been thoroughly explored in this field. In this context, this paper presents a new method for extracting discriminative features according to the Fourier analysis. The proposed frequency extractor layer can be combined with deep architectures in order to improve image classification. Computational experiments were performed on face liveness detection problem, yielding better results than those presented in the literature for the grandtest protocol of Replay-Attack Database. This paper also aims to raise the discussion on how frequency domain layers can be used in deep architectures to further improve the network performance.


We describe how unskilled manual workers and office staff perceive everyday situations involving static and domestic electricity. The data were gathered in interviews about situations relating to static electricity in cars or in an electronic assembly workshop, and the functioning of different devices (e.g. a lamp, a circuit-tester, a washing machine). Different phenomena were discussed (e.g. electric shocks, short circuits). The interviews were analysed within a framework of mental models. Despite having learnt about electricity in school or during their in-service training, the subjects made little reference to formalized electricity. The models they used were built up from their own experience. Electricity is often considered as a substance or a fluid easily transferable from one place to another. Conceptions about grounding show that the earth is assimilated to a vast reservoir into which electricity flows and is then lost. The human body is also thought of as a reservoir that can accept a limited amount of electricity.


Purpose – This paper aims to classify online banking customers using demographic and relationship‐based variables and describe their profiles.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 421 panellists of a large Canadian polling firm self‐administered a web‐based questionnaire. A two‐step analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0. 421 panellists of a large Canadian polling firm self‐administered a web‐based questionnaire. A two‐step analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0.Findings – Six groups emerged from the analysis, four of which have higher relationship levels and two that have lower levels.Practical implications – This study provides a better understanding of online banking consumer segments and offer financial institutions relevant descriptive information on each profile. This information should help the implementation of tailored marketing strategies to improve the development and maintenance of online relationships with each of the six customer segments.Originality/value – This paper contributes to know...


We investigate the impact of CEO's compensation-based and promotion-based incentives on firm performance in China, where the CEOs of most state-owned enterprises are government appointed and thus face dual incentives. We find that both monetary and political incentives are positively related to firm performance. More important, we pinpoint a substitution effect: the monetary compensation-based incentive is weaker when CEO incentives are heavily driven by political career concerns. Overall, the evidence suggests that, via a competitive arena in the external political job market, promotion helps mitigate weak incentives for CEOs in China. State control or political connection is not necessarily inconsistent with good economic incentives.


Introduction (Statement of purpose): Majority of the hips that are borderline on ultrasound progress to normal development subsequently, making the use of routine radiographs in follow up unnecessary. We present our experience in the last 5 years at the Musgrove Park Hospital in the management of borderline DDH Materials and Methods: We studied 1452 patients who underwent an ultrasound examination for suspected DDH at Musgrove Park Hospital between January 1998 and December 2003. Ultrasound examination is performed in babies at a high risk for DDH or those who have abnormal hips on clinical examination at birth.42 babies were diagnosed to have dislocated or dislocatable hips and were treated with a harness. 239 babies, who had borderline dysplasia, had a repeat ultrasound at 6 weeks. Those with persistent borderline dysplasia had a radiographic and clinical examination at 6 months Results: 60 patients were reported as borderline on follow-up ultrasound and underwent radiographs at 6 months.49 cases had normal radiographs and were asymptomatic.3 patients had mild dysplasia and were followed up for 18 months before being discharged as normal.3 patients were lost to follow up.4 cases presented late and had to undergo surgical procedures Conclusion: No patients having borderline dysplasia on ultrasound developed symptomatic hip dysplasia. Routine radiographs are probably unnecessary in the follow-up of babies with borderline dysplasia on ultrasound except Graf 2c stages, which are important to recognise. Selective ultrasound screening is likely to fail in picking up some cases in the population (0.016%)


Chromatography is non-destructive procedure for resolving a multi-component mixture of solids, gases, Liquids. HPTLC is use of validated methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis. HPTLC is playing an important role in analytical world and a complementary method for HPLC. The analytical method was evaluated by using parameters such as Linearity, Precision, Accuracy, Limit of detection and Limit of quantification, Specificity, Robustness. In this method 100ng µL-1 and 750ng µL-1 volume of standard stock solutions of Nortriptyline and Pregabalin were taken, respectively. The mobile phase contains Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (6: 2: 1, v/v/v). Standard stock solutions were applied by over spotting on HPTLC plate with the help of CAMAG 100µl sample syringe, Linomat 5 sample applicator. The development chamber was saturated for 15 min. The plate was scanned at 210nm. The retention factors of PREGA and NORT were found to be PREGA: 0.48±0.03, NORT: 0.70±0.07. The % drug content (mean±S.D.) were found to be 99.32±1.39 for NORT and 99.75±1.15 for PREGA. The results of stress degradation studies revealed that NORT was prone to hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation whereas PREGA was found susceptible to hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal degradation but stable under photolytic stress conditions.


Photoresponsive polymeric adsorbents were prepared by coating of insoluble support with polymeric azo dyes. Adsorption behaviors of amphipathic proteins to the adsorbent were studied. The adsorption behavior suggests that the hydrophobicity of these protein surface is different from each other.


Preface Different Species of Crabs & Viral Susceptibility Development of Trapping Gear & Methods for Swimming Crabs Distribution & Habitat of Cold Water Crab Species on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland Neurosecretory Structure & Gonad Inhibiting Hormone in Eyestalk & the Physiology & Biochemistry of Spermatozoa in Eriocheir sinensis Behavioral Differences in Fiddler Crabs, Uca pugnax, from Contaminated & Reference Estuaries in New Jersey Cellular Cadmium Transport in Gills & Hepatopancreas of Ucides Cordatus, a Mangrove Crab Crab Influences on the Export of Plant Detritus from Salt Marshes & Mangroves: A Review Index.


The war in Syria has reached a new phase, which has turned international focus towards the Kurdish minority and its ambitions to autonomously govern the Kurdish populated areas of Syria. The Kurdish empowerment and the rise of the PYD (Democratic Union Party), closely related to the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party), in the fight against the self-proclaimed Islamic State has resulted in the counter-mobilisation by Damascus and Ankara, the latter of which, in addition to its military incursion, is pushing to relocate millions of Syrian war refugees who have found shelter on Turkish soil back to Syria, more specifically to the envisioned "safe zone" in the border regions. Could this be a revival of the so-called Arab Belt plan of the 1960s and 70s, which aimed at dividing the Kurdish communities in the region?


This paper proposes a system approach for developing control and operation application function blocks (AFBs) for microgrid (MG) automation and industralization. The design requirements are defined from both a microgrid brain point of view and from an individual function block point of view. In order to verify the feasiblity of this approach, an example of an application in microgrid automation is given. Some details are presented on a standard approach which includes identification of key AFBs for microgrid automation, development of a hiearachy control structure, specification of individual AFB deisgn and coordination of all AFBs in an industrial process. In the end, the proposed conceptual AFBs are effectively illustrated using case studies, a high-level system engineering process for microgrid automation is also presented, showing that the proposed advanced MG control and automation development is a positive move for the future MG industry.


This paper investigates the reproducibility of computational science research and identifies key challenges facing the community today. It is the result of the First Summer School o nE xperimental Methodology in Computational Science Research. First, we consider how to reproduce experiments that involv eh uman subjects, and in particular how to deal with dif ferentethics requirements at different institutions. Second, we look at whether parallel and distributed computational experiment sa re more or less reproducible than serial ones. Third, we consider reproducible computational experiments from fields outside computer science. Our final case study looks at whether reproducibility for one researcher is the same as for another, by having an author attempt to have others reproduce their own, reproducible, paper. This paper is open, executable and reproducible :t he whole process of writing this paper is captured in the source control repository hosting both the source of the paper, supplementary codes and data; we are providing setup for several experiments on which we were working; finally, we try to describe what we have achieved during the week of the school in a way that other sm ay reproduce (and hopefully improve) our experiments. ✦ 1I ntroduction In this paper we consider reproducibility in the com- putational sciences. We interpret the computational sciences as including computer science, but also any other science in which computational work plays an im- portant role, such as physics, biology or psychology. The central hypothesis of this paper is that reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method, and should there- fore be a cornerstone of the computational sciences. We ask to what extent this is true and what challenges arise in reproducing work in the computational sciences. To study these questions, we perform four case stud- ies that consider different issues related to reproducibil- ity in the computational sciences. Each case study takes on a different aspect of reproducibility, identifies any problems encountered, and discusses the points that they have raised. An often-overlooked fact is that reproducibility in the computational sciences is not only an issue of the actual computations, but also of preliminaries and other setup that is not related to computation at all. The first case study asks how reproducibility is affected by differing ethics requirements at different universities.


Slowing the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has been a key priority for President Clinton. The reason why is clear: allowing more and more countries, including bitter regional rivals and even terrorist groups, to develop nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, and allowing the development of more and more destructive weapons, would make the world a much more dangerous place. So the United States will continue to work hard to strengthen global nonproliferation agreements and efforts.


Juxta‐clavicular beaded lines typical arise at puberty as an asymptomatic, linear papular eruption involving the neck and supraclavicular areas. This entity appears to be more common in blacks than Caucasians, and a female predominance has been noted. Microscopically, the papules noted clinically appear secondary to sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which is particularly prominent in the immediate subepidermal zone. Mild papillated epidermal hyperplasia may be observed. Whereas many regard this entity as an anatomic variant of normal, it may be confused clinically and histologically with a number of pathologic processes. A case of juxtaclavicular beaded lines in a 14‐year‐old Caucasian girl is presented.


The purposes of this study was to improve liveliness and mathematics achievement students VIID in junior high school 1 Srumbung Magelang with cooperative learning TPS (Think Pair Share). This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects in this study were students of class VII D which is 34 students who comprised 18 male students and 16 female students. The objects of this research are being active and increase math  achievement. It is shown by an increase in the average yield percentage of being active  student learning  based on the observation sheet. The first cycle was 53,91% became 75,97% in cycle II.


Results of the temporal characteristics analysis of 9-10 years old children's speech samples are presented. These samples were classified into relative groups "norm" and "deviation" by means of an expert evaluation method. The distribution of samples in the rate of speech was obtained. Temporal parameters, which can allow to get an objective characteristics of the voice signals and classify them into groups "normal" and "deviation" are discussed.


O'Brien suggestively describes the prison as 'porous' of social assumptions and attitudes, but (with ~pierenburg an honourable exception) there are too few explicit and coherent connections between penal developments and changes in social structure and cultural sensibility. Disappointingly too, there is no consideration of how punishment may act as 'a social institution which helps define the nature of society, the kinds of relationships which compose it, and the kinds of lives it is possible and desirable to lead there' (David Garland, not m this


nological parameters. The rheological behaviour of chocolate gelified milk (CGM) was studied using a concentric cylinder viscosimeter with shear rate values From 0-100 S-1. These rheological measurements were made on CGM prepared under variable conditions varying: time duration (1575 min), cooking temperature (65-95 OC), starch concentration (7-12 gll), and carrageenan concentration From 2-6 gll. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity "rI", consistency index "K" and f10w behaviour index «n» were measured and values were compared to those of commercialized CGM. An experimental design with 24 experiments was used to optimize CGM preparation. Mathematical models of apparent vlscosity, K, and n were proposed, taking into account the effects of technological parameters. Reducing cooking temperature from 90 to 80 "C, using a time duration of 45 instead of 60 min, and optimizing carrageenan concentration at 3 gll pro vide a CGM with a good texture and at lower cost. This was confirmed by statistical analysis of sensory evaluation, which showed that the difference in tas te between commercial and optimized CGM was not significanto


Seeds of Prosopis alpataco, P denudans var denudans, P denudans var patagonica and P denudans var stenocarpa were analysed for fatty acids and sterols. The seed lipids contained a relatively large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic and oleic acids being predominant. β-Sitosterol was the major steroid in all species studied. In P alpataco seeds, stigmasta-1,3,5-triene and stigmasta-4,6-dien-3-one were also identified. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry


Intensive utilization of Induction Heating (IH) innovations can be seen in numerous areas such as manufacturing industries, domestic or house hold and medicinal applications. The development of hig...


Submitted for the HAW09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Reacceleration of rare isotopes at the NSCL The ReA3 project STEFAN SCHWARZ, GEORG BOLLEN, CHRIS COMPTON, MARC DOLEANS, WALTER HARTUNG, OLIVER KESTER, MIKHAIL KOSTIN, FELIX MARTI, PETER MILLER, XIAOYU WU, RICHARD YORK, QIANG ZHAO, NSCL/MSU — Rare-isotope beams in the energy range of a few 100 keV/u to up to several MeV/u allow for experiments such as low-energy Coulomb excitation and transfer reaction studies and for the precise study of astrophysical reactions. NSCL is currently constructing the so-called ReA3 expansion, a reaccelerator with design end energy of 3 MeV/u for 238U. The reaccelerator will be coupled to a gas stopper at the NSCL fragmentation facility to provide rare isotope beams of nuclides not available at ISOL facilities in this energy range. An Electron Beam Ion Source/Trap (EBIS/T) will be used to boost the acceleration process by providing highly charged ions at an energy of ∼12keV/u. The charge breeder is followed by a room-temperature radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a series of superconducting linear accelerator structures housed in three cryo modules. The status of the re-accelerator project and the planned layout will be presented. Stefan Schwarz NSCL/MSU Date submitted: 30 Jun 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


There are essentially two different approaches to the problem of flood analysis. One corresponds to the streamflow annual flood series (AFS); and the other to the streamflow partial duration series (PDS). Here we discuss characteristics of these approaches. Three stochastic models of floods presented in this paper are based on the streamflow PDS. Each model depends on certain assumptions concerning properties of exceedances of a base level x0. The second and third models represent improvement vis-a-vis the first one in the sense that they are based on less restrictive assumptions. The time when the largest exceedance occurs is also studied, and the distribution of this time is determined. Each exceedance is characterized, roughly speaking, by its duration and its volume. Here a method is proposed for determining the distribution of this volume. The distribution function of the largest volume in an interval of time [0,t] is also given. Good agreement between theoretical and observed distributions shows that the assumptions concerning the exceedances are not unduly restrictive.


Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) Welding is a forge welding technique that is used to join ferrous pipes and tubes using high speed rotation of an arc as the heating source that softens the weld parts and a short duration upset force for forming the weld. Parametrical analysis conducted for experimental joining of carbon steel tubes of 21.5mm Outer Diameters (OD) and the thickness ranging between 1.5-2mm suggested the control of current in the two stages of this weld technique. This work attempts to simulate the control of power supply circuit using SIMULINK -MATLAB, so as to provide two current levels for the two stages of this weld technique. 3Phase to DC conversion circuit is used and the difference in current levels is brought about with the inclusion of time-controlled change in the circuit resistance. This study can be extended further by physical implementation of the proposed power system to verify the efficient control of the current levels in bringing out an effective weld.


This paper briefly introduces the production and the characteristic of high Belite cement, and discusses the main reason of its good workability, high long-term strength and perfect durability,meanwhile,also discusses its adaptability to the climate of Hainan.


A liquid chromatography with single quadrupole mass detection method was developed for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) in the Iomeprol active pharmaceutical ingredient. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C8 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm x 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B in gradient elution mode at a 0.1 mL/min. Executed validation summary demonstrated that the mass detection method had highly sensitive and selective. A linear calibration curve (correlation coefficient, r> 0.999) was attained at the concentration range of 0.1-125 ppm for three PGI's. The Limit of Detection of Imp-A, Imp-B and Imp-C in drug substance of Iomeprol is 0.05 ppm. The accuracy was confirmed by calculated recoveries (98.4-101.5%). The precision was tested at three levels: injection repeatability, analysis repeatability and intermediate precision. The calculated relative standard deviations were within the specification. The developed method was able to quantitate all three PGI's at a concentration level of 1 µg/mL.


Based on the principle of energy coding, an interesting finding in this paper is that in some subsets of neurons, firing action potentials at the supra-threshold and some others simultaneously perform activities at the sub-threshold level in neural ensembles. Numerical computational results show that a possible dynamic mechanism in the brain information processing is merely energy coding. Notably, this kind of coupling in biological neural networks has not been found in other models of biological neural networks.


Tea is the most popular drink in the world, previous studies show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin(TF) inhibit cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of EGCG or theaflavin in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells are still unknown. Therefore we investigated in view of this question. At first, we established two human lung cancer cell lines: A549 and H838. Then, we applied either EGCG or TF into the cell culture medium at either (1) cell suspension treatment with agent, or (2) after cell adhesion on the dish treatment with agent, and determine cell viability by MTT assay. We observed the cell suspension treatment with EGCG and TF exhibited time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect. However, treatment with agent after cell adhesion, the cell viability has no significant effect. Therefore, we suggested that EGCG and TF may indirect interact with the extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which possibly can reduce expression of adhesion proteins. The results of the migration assay suggest that EGCG and TF may indirect interact with the extra cellular matrix (ECM) and interact with cell-cell adhesion protein. Moreover, TF could inhibit cell growth and migration of cancer cell more than EGCG did. Finally, we investigated which gene expression of cell migration adhesion proteins were affected by the treatments of EGCG and TF. We used real-time PCR to study the gene expression at mRNA levels. Our results showed that EGCG and TF affected different ECM protein gene expression. After treating with TF, the lung cancer cells increased the expression of E-cadherin, and Integrin αEβ7, while after treating with EGCG, the cancer cells only induced the gene expression of E-cadherin. The result implies that TF could increase gene expression of E-cadherin and Integrin αEβ7, which could enhance cell-cell adhesion and subsequently reduce cancer cell metastasis. Wstern blots and immunostaining are necessary to further confirm the observations.


European Union Antitrust Laws have been successfully applied to anti-competitive behaviour, which can take place abroad, but have an effect within the EU. Under Antitrust Laws, not only abuse of dominant position practices but also mergers that restrain competition are regarded as illegal and subject to severe remedies. This paper accesses both Microsoft-WMP and Volvo-Scania cases in the light of the EU Competition Policy and identifies the circumstances involved, final decisions made as well as the suggested remedies and the consequences from the consumers' perspective. The issues considered are per se controversial and these are clear examples of the long path to go through, in order to make the competition law regime uniformly applicable in all member states. The lack of international consensus on competition law and enforcement requires huge efforts in co-operation between countries and organisations, because in combination with economic liberalisation, nations have come to recognise competition as a powerful instrument for stimulating innovation and economic growth. This paper focus on the past, i.e., already assessed anticompetitive cases; the present - the current EU Competition Policy rules - and finally on the future of Antitrust jurisdiction, in which part I will briefly describe the major actual concerns in the long course towards a common and homogeneously valid system of International Competition Policy.


The H I Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) is an ideal dataset with which to explore the impact of massive stars on the Galactic ISM. We are using the SGPS to study the global properties of H I shells over size scales ranging from tens of parsecs to kiloparsecs. Here we present an intriguing Galactic chimney and discuss the Galactic distribution of large H I shells with respect to Galactic radius and spiral arms.


Extreme weather events have been known to cause massive disruptions in power leading to significant outages in the recent past. The main goal of this study is to improve situation intelligence in the distribution grid to determine the downed lines, impacted areas, location of healthy lines and nodes, and the amount of distributed generation available at customer locations to serve the critical loads (healthcare facilities, law enforcement, natural gas delivery network, gasoline pumping stations, water distribution facilities, etc.). A multi-tiered wireless sensor network is designed that has the ability to report to the substation with information on the attributes of an outage, including location, possible extent of the outage, and potential use of DER for backup power. An interactive visualization software is developed to display the sensor data.


In this present numerical work, we report a discrete erosion kind of model in (1 + 1)-dimension. Erosion and re-deposition phenomena with probabilities p and q(= 1 - p) are considered as two tunable parameters, which control the overall kinetic roughening behavior of the interface. Redeposition or diffusion dominated erosion like kinetic roughening model gives rise to nonuniversal growth exponent, which varies continuously with respect to erosion probability. However, universal character is restored for the roughness exponent with the value of 0.5 in (1 + 1)-dimension with respect to p. Due to nonuniversal nature of growth exponent, we observe a significant modification to the scaling behavior of surface width with respect to erosion probability. For low erosion probability (≲ 0.1) a power law like divergence has been observed of the correlation growth time. This can be argued as limiting behavior of a generalized functional behavior of crossover time with erosion probability.


Subtitle: Despite BAE Systems' decision to sell up, Airbus's British managers are confident the UK can remain centre of excellence for carbonfibre wing production.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the generality of dimensions in personality perception. Specifically, we aim to analyze the dimensional stability through the subjects developmental stages, and through various stimulus persons used. Grade students and undergraduates served as Ss. Numbers of Ss in each of four age groups were nearly from 100 to 200.Eight stimulus persons were presented: father, mother, siblings, friend, school teacher etc. Fourty five personality traits selected from results in the preliminary experiment were used. After the similarity data between any two traits were transformed into the distance data, Carroll & Chang's (1970) multidimensional scaling, "INDSCAL", was applied. Five dimension-solution was chosen.The major results obtained were as follows:(1) The content of five dimensions was interpreted as "social evaluation", "potency", "personal likability", "pleasantness", and "brightness", respectively. There was partly found a peculiar pattern in the configur tion of latter two dimensions.(2) Each dimension was substantially independent of one another. The order of five dimensions described in (1) had positive monotonous relationship with relative importance in the sense of weight value.(3) Analyzing the weights, it was found that "social evaluation" was the most important for all age groups. With increased age levels, the weights in "potency", "personal likability", and "brightness" increased, while that in "pleasantness" decreased.(4) For each stimulus person, the most important was "social evaluation", the next important was "potency", and the third important was "personal likability" . For "pleasantness" and "brightness", there were found considerable differences in importance among stimulus persons.


The profunda femoris artery perforator (PAP) flap is gaining popularity in microsurgical reconstruction. To establish a safer flap elevation technique, we focused on the topology of the accessory saphenous vein in the medial thigh area. We hypothesize that including the accessory saphenous vein in a PAP flap results in safer PAP flap transfer with two venous drainage systems. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical relationship between the perforators and the accessory saphenous vein in the PAP flap using fresh cadavers and to describe the relationship through two clinical cases.


Aluminium-doped ZnO (AZO) films were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique to investigate its potential application as antireflection coating and top contact layer for copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) based photovoltaic cells. The solution used to prepare AZO thin films contained 0.2 M of zinc acetate and 0.2 M of aluminium pentanedionate solutions in the order of 2, 3 and 4 at.% of Al/Zn. AZO films were deposited onto glass substrates at different substrate temperatures starting from 450 ◦C to 500 ◦C. XRD and FESEM analysis revealed the structural properties of the films and almost all the films possessed crystalline structure with a preferred (0 0 2) orientation except for the 4 at.% of Al. Grain size of AZO films varied from 29.7 to 37 nm for different substrate temperatures and atomic percentage of aluminium. The average optical transmittance of all films with the variation of doping concentration and substrate temperature was 75–90% in the visible range of wavelength 600–700 nm. Optical direct band gap value of 2, 3 and 4 at.% Al-doped films sprayed at different temperatures varied from 3.32 to 3.46 eV. Hall studies were carried out to analyze resistivity, mobility and carrier concentration of the films. AZO films deposited at different substrate temperatures and at various Al/Zn ratios showed resistivity ranging from 0.12 to 1.0 × 10−2 cm. Mobility value was ∼5 cm2/V s and carrier concentration value was ∼7.7 × 1019 cm−3. Minimum electrical resistivity was obtained for the 3 at.% Al-doped film sprayed at 475 ◦C and its value was 1.0 × 10−2 cm with film thickness of 602 nm. The electrical conductivity of by alu ZnO films was improved


We report the collapse of an electrostatically swollen surfactant lamellar phase above a critical concentration of an added nonionic surfactant due to hydrogen bonding between the two types of headgroups. At still higher concentrations of the neutral surfactant a temperature-driven lamellar to coacervate transition is observed. Small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the coacervate can be modeled as arising from bilayers with short-range positional correlations, whereas cryo-scanning electron microscopy images show bilayer-like features riddled with pores. Very similar behavior is found when the nonionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant is replaced by polyethylene glycol of sufficiently high molecular weight.


The authors investigate the possibility of processing analog signals directly in delta-modulated pulse stream format. They demonstrate a class of linear operations on data represented as a ternary delta-modulated pulse stream (X/sub n/) corresponding to the analog quantity x(t). These functions make it possible to implement a set of DSP (digital signal processing) algorithms directly on the delta-modulator output data. A method for ternary delta multiplier synthesis is presented and illustrated by a DM filter example. It is concluded that the proposed multiplier can conveniently implement a FIR (finite impulse response) filter structure.<<ETX>>


ObjectiveTo explore a comprehensive evaluation method of foodborne disease surveillance system in six project provinces.Methods Confirmingthe weight of evaluation index based on principal components analysis method in objective weighting and using TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method,comprehensive evaluation of surveillance system quality was carried out in six project provinces.ResultsThe evaluation result by TOPSIS method was consistent with actual work ranking for the six provices.ConclusionTOPSIS method is more accurate,objective,reasonable than single indicator method for comprehensive evaluation of foodborne disease surveillance system in six project provinces.


Objective To analyze changes of DNA content in human brain nuclei and seek a new experimental method to deduce the postmortem interval (PMI) by computer image-analyze technique. Methods The brain tissue from 32 cadavers with the accurate PMI, was sampled and smeared respectively every hour within the first 36 h after death, fixed with cold Carony fixation, stained by Feulgen-Vans method. Three detective indexes of DNA in brain nuclei were detected by using the image-analyze instrument, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG). Results IOD and AOD in the human brain nuclei declined regularly with the prolongation of dead time in 36 h, whereas AG rose. There was a definite relationship between PMI and gray parameters (IOD, AOD and AG). Conclusion Gray parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be preferable indexes to study the DNA degeneration rate of the brain nuclei in 36 h after death and estimate PMI accurately.


The spinor dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb atoms with hyperfine spins 1 and 2 were investigated. A technique of simultaneous Ramsey interferometry was developed for individual control of the vectors of two spins with almost the same Zeeman splittings. The mixture of spinor condensates is generated in the transversely polarized spin-1 and the longitudinally polarized spin-2 states. The time evolution of the spin-1 condensate exhibits dephasing and rephasing of the Larmor precession due to the interaction with the spin-2 condensate. The scattering lengths between spin-1 and -2 atoms were estimated by comparison with the numerical simulation using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The proposed technique is expected to facilitate the further study of multiple spinor condensates.


PURPOSE: A method for refining acetylene gas to be used in a semiconductor process is provided to accomplish residual storage solvent density, by condensing residual storage solvent vapor of acetylene gas stream at a specific temperature and then separating the condensed acetylene storage solvent from the gas stream. CONSTITUTION: A pre-processing module(302) treats acetylene gas stream in advance before being used in forming a layer of high carbon-containing material on a semiconductor substrate. An inlet port comprises the connector suitable to be connected to a acetylene supply source. A trap(312) is arranged to accumulate the condensed liquid from the acetylene gas stream. An outlet port comprises a connector suitable for a deposition chamber to form a high carbon-containing material layer on the semiconductor substrate. A heat exchanger comprises a first coil module and a second coil module. The acetylene gas stream from the inlet port enters the first coil module to pass through a trap and enters the second coil module attached to the outlet port.


W HEN I was asked to write an article on drug addiction, I wondered why, as my work is concerned with the administration of lunacy rather than with that of a drug specialist, but I recognised that as my experience of the latter extends over thirty years, and I have dealt with more than 3000 cases, I may therefore consider myself entitled at least to give my views on the subject. There are two main classes of addicts : (I) the accidental and (2) the ordinary addict. The first I like to call the accidental addict, since I mean one who has started taking the drug either accidentally or for some definite disability, such as severe pain, e.g. renal colic. I have known an accidental case of cocaine addiction arise from the advice of a nurse to take the drug for toothache, an almost criminal mistake in a nurse. When a drug is found to relieve objectionable symptoms it is not unnatural for it to be persisted in, in spite of the doses having to be increased; the type of drug is immaterial, even laxatives and purgatives have to be increased in dose to get the usual action. Fashions have changed in drugs as in other things; years ago chloral, bromide and opium were the favourites, then came morphia, followed by cocaine and heroin. Opium and hasheesh in the East are probably immemorial, but I have seen little insanity due to them, if used alone and in their natural state. Opium in certain countries is commonly swallowed to give the necessary strength for a long sustained physical effort, while coca leaves are used in other countries, and certainly the effects from the juice of the plants themselves are very harmless from a mental aspect, though their persistent use may undermine the physical


Abstract The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura sets the number of progeny allocated to its insect egg hosts according to the duration of its initial transit walk across the host surface. Although cooling the wasp reduces its walking speed, reduced temperature does not affect progeny allocation. By locally heating and cooling the wasps, the initial transit can be thermally uncoupled from the subsequent oviposition. Using this technique we show that the timing of initial transit duration is temperature‐dependent. These findings suggest that short interval timing by Trichogramma differs physiologically from the temperature compensated clocks that have been described for other insects.


Strategic culture is an alternative perspective in International Relations that emerged because of the inability of realism and neorealism in explaining how a state actor acts against the threat from the another. Basically, this perspective believes that domestic factors such as geopolitical order, national historical experience, political culture and ideology, and military culture and its relationship with society in a country can affect the grand strategy of a state actor in defending itself and how the state actor responds to a threat. Although closely related to the military aspect, but the strategic culture perspective is not only limited to the nature of threats derived from state actors. Therefore, in this paper, the authors try to analyze how relevance is this perspective in explaining the state behavior in response to the new nature of threats that have been arisen as a result of globalization, namely non-traditional threats that are not derived from state actors, such as global terrorism. In analyzing it, the authors use the comparison method by comparing the strategic culture of several countries that confronting the same threat then see how these countries have its own uniqueness and effectivity in combating threat based on their strategic cultures.