The feasibility of synthesising disubstituted cyclopent-2-enones chemoselectively from unsymmetrical γ-diketones, using an aldol reaction directed by magnesium chelation, has been studied. Treatment of 3,3-dimethylhexane-2,5-dione 15 with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5 mol dm–3) gives a mixture of 3,5,5-trimethyl-12 and 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopent-2-enone 14 in an isomer ratio of 2.2 : 1. Insertion of an α-methoxycarbonyl grouping as a control element allows formation of a magnesium chelate 17 when treated with magnesium methoxide, and the major product is then mainly the undehydrated aldol 21. This, when treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5 mol dm–3) to dehydrate, hydrolyse and decarboxylate, gives the 3,5,5-trimethyl- and 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopent-2-enones in a nearly chemospecific ratio of 1 : 49. When 3-methoxycarbonyl-4,4-dimethylhexane-2,5-dione 16 is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5 mol dm–3), omitting the magnesium methoxide treatment, the corresponding ratio of cyclopentenones was still an interesting 1 : 7.3. Treatment with sodium methoxide in methanol gives, by contrast, γ-lactone 27.Treatment of undecane-4,7-dione 34 with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5 mol dm–3) at reflux gives 2,3-dipropylcyclopent-2-enone 36 and 3-butyl-2-ethylcyclopent-2-enones 35 in a ratio of almost 1 : 1. Treatment of 6-methoxycarbonylundecane-4,7-dione 33 with magnesium methoxide in methanol gives undehydrated aldol which when treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide gives the dipropylcyclopent-2-enone 36 and 3-butyl-2-ethylcyclopent-2-enones 35 in 9 : 1 ratio. Conversely, the 5-methoxycarbonyldione 32 gives a corresponding ratio of 36 to 35 of 1 : 9. The best ratios attained, 1 : 15 for 36 and 35 from 32 and 20 : 1 for 36 and 35 from 33, were when magnesium methoxide in refluxing benzene or toluene were employed. There is still a strong chemoselective effect when the magnesium treatment is omitted.Preliminary examination of the corresponding cyclohex-2-enone systems gave poorer chemoselectivities when either procedure was employed. 6-Methoxycarbonyldodecane-5,9-dione 52 gave 2,3-dipropyl-54 and 3-butyl-2-ethyl-cyclohex-2-enone 55 in a ratio of ∼4 : 1 whilst the 5-methoxycarbonyldodecane-4,8-dione 53 gave a 1: ∼4 ratio.


-Allozymes were used to examine spatial and temporal components of genetic variation among populations of queen conch in the Florida Keys and Bimini over a 4year period. Spatial and temporal genetic variation were both significant (P<0.001) despite high levels of genetic similarity among samples (mean Nei's I, 0.994). However, no consistent pattern of variation was observed. The gene diversity among localities (GLT 0.50%) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from the diversity among years or samples within localities (GSL 0.60%). In addition, Florida Keys and Bimini populations were very similar genetically to those studied previously in the Caribbean Sea and Bermuda (mean Nei's I, 0.988). In general, populations of queen conch appear to be structured as a mosaic of spatial and temporal genetic patchiness within a continuum of high genetic similarity. This genetic similarity is presumably maintained by larval drift and gene flow. However, the observed patterns of genetic variation suggest a dynamic population structure. This structure may reflect presettlement stochastic events and processes in the marine environment. Genetic patchiness among populations of queen conch Strombus gigas in the Florida Keys and Bimini*


The horizontal and complete lifts from a manifold M n to its cotangent bundles T (M n ) were studied by several authors. The purpose of this paper is to deal with some problems on horizontal and complete lifts tensor fields satisfying structure equation F 2K+S +F S = 0. We also discuss the integrability conditions and prolongations in the third tangent space T3(M n ) .


According to the incomplete statistics, the existing, in built and proposed transbasin diversion projects amount to over 160, distributed in 24 countries throughout the world and resulted in significant economic and social benefits. At present, their negative impacts on ecology and environment are still not quite recognized, but some abnormal conditions are already clear. From the viewpoint of hydrosphere and atmosphere, biosphere, lithospheric material exchange and energy exchange, the transbasin diversion projects will inevitably impose negative impacts on ecology, environment and society, and therefore a careful approach should be adopted.


The paper makes joint use of literature,linguistics and prosody to analyze and sum up the syllables,lines,foot,stanzas and paragraphs of Dwit version of Kazakstan epic QozKrpe-Bayan Sulw.Created after 20th century,the poem structure of The Dwit version is loose.It has duoble couplet paragraphs consisted of five foot verse with 11 or 12 syllables.Besides it also boasts of paragraphs composed of triplet and above with three-footed or two-footed lines with seven or eight syllables.This is a mark of shift for Kazakstan epic to gradual decline.


The invention radiating substrate and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, a radiator plate 100 includes a metal substrate 110, anodizing the substrate 1112, the anodizing the substrate on the front are formed the anodic oxide film 111 in accordance with the present invention a radiating substrate including a metal layer 115 formed on the circuit patterns 114 formed on a surface of (112) and the other surface of the anode oxide substrate, a metal layer 115 formed on the other surface of the anode oxide substrate 112 is the cathode have the same area and the circuit pattern 114 formed on one surface of the oxide film 111, it characterized in that it is present in the framework of the anodizing substrate 112. Degradation of the metal layer 115, a radiator board 100 or the heat-generating element 130, to minimize the bending problem of the substrate by the additional formation, caused by the direct contact of the heat sink 140 and anodizing the substrate (112) of solve the problems, and has an effect to improve the heat radiation performance.


Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem with growing challenges for its early diagnosis, timely prevention and effective treatment. The present dataset on Chronic Kidney Disease consists of 24 predictive parameters. The study performs a comparative analysis of rule based classifiers inorder to generate human interpretable rules for diagnosing CKD. Various rulebased approaches for comparison that have been used in the paper are JRip, CART, Conjunctive Rule, C4.5, NNge, OneR, Ridor, PART, and Decision Table-Naive Bayes (DTNB) hybrid classifier. The study concludes that among all the conventional classifiers cited, DTNB is best rule-based classifier with highest area under ROC (0.999) along with lowest False Positive Rate (0.011).


This paper presents a comparative study of the final secondary assessments in France, Italy and Chile, through the a priori analysis of tasks involving functions. We detect particularities in each expected resolution process, and we focus more specifically on the "availability" level of a piece of knowledge, which corresponds to activating it without any help or indication. At the core of the comparison, we distinguish between two degrees of availability: as "object" and as "tool".


Abstract The thermal emission spectrum of the ytterbium monofluoride molecule has been photographed for the first time in the 3600–4600 A region at 2300°C, at a reciprocal linear dispersion of 7.3 A/mm. A total of 65 violet degraded bands have been recorded, out of which 55 are new. All these bands have been classified and assigned to the two systems C 2 Π–X 2 Σ + and D 2 Σ + –X 2 Σ + of YbF. The C 2 Π–X 2 Σ + system has been classified for the first time. Vibrational constants for the relevant states have been evaluated.


I extend the theory on factor models by incorporating âlocalâ factors into the model. Local factors affect a decreasing fraction of the observed variables. This implies a continuum of eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, as is commonly observed in applications. I derive conditions under which local factors will be estimated consistently using the common Principal Component Estimator. I further propose a novel class of estimators for the number of factors. Unlike estimators that have been proposed in the past, my estimators use information in the eigenvectors as well as in the eigenvalues. Monte Carlo evidence suggests significant finite sample gains over existing estimators. Empirically I find evidence of local factors in a large panel of US macroeconomic indicators.


We studied the effects of saline drinking water on the growth and survival of penned mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) ducklings at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana in 1989. Duckling mortality at different salinities was 100% at 18 ppt, 90% at 15 ppt, and 10% at 12 ppt. No ducklings died within treatments of <12 ppt, but the growth rate of ducklings in the 12-ppt treatment was lower (P _ 0.05) than all lower salinity treatments. When ducklings were given 12-ppt salinity water and exercised, mortality would have exceeded 70%. Initial lethargy shown by ducklings in the 9-ppt treatment, combined with potentially high mortality of ducklings given 12-ppt salinity water and exercised, suggested that the upper salinity threshold tolerated by wild mottled duck broods lies within this range. We advocate creation and management of semi-impoundments in coastal Louisiana and Texas to prevent deterioration and/or loss of marshes of <9-ppt salinity to provide quality habitat for mottled duck broods and other species of flora and fauna dependent on these marshes. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 55(3):471-476 The mottled duck is a nonmigratory species occupying a restricted range in North and Central America. Isolated populations occur in Florida, central Mexico, and the coastal marshes from Mississippi westward to northern Veracruz, Mexico (Bellrose 1980). However, the greatest number (98%) of mottled ducks occurs in coastal marshes of Louisiana and Texas where there is an estimated breeding population of 110,000 (Stutzenbaker 1988). There is concern about the mottled duck because annual surveys conducted in Louisiana have indicated a 44% decline from 1971 to 1983 (Stutzenbaker 1988). Stutzenbaker (1988) hypothesized that the loss and deterioration of remaining habitat in both Texas and Louisiana might be responsible. Saltwater intrusion, in particular, has caused significant habitat changes in Louisiana marshes. From 1968 to 1978, for example, freshwater marsh vegetation decreased and saline vegetation increased, especially in areas transected by large canals (Chabreck and Linscombe 1982). Furthermore, saline drinking water may affect the condition of both adult and juvenile waterfowl (Windingstad et al. 1987, Tiejte and Teer 1988). Ducklings are even less tolerant of salt water than adult birds because their salt glands are poorly developed, especially at <6 days of age (Ellis et al. 1963, Schmidt-Nielsen and Kim 1964, Riggert 1977). Mallard ducklings, for instance, suffered mortality, reduced growth, and a variety of sublethal physiological abnormalities when exposed to high concentrations of sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and saline water occurring in natural wetlands in Saskatchewan (Mitcham and Wobeser 1988a,b). In North Dakota, wild ducklings concentrated and fed around freshwater seepages on saline lakes (Swanson et al. 1984). Female mottled ducks often bypass less productive areas of marsh close to the nest while leading ducklings to more productive broodrearing areas (Baker 1983). Therefore, ducklings traveling through, or remaining in, marshes affected by saltwater intrusion could suffer decreased survivorship. Our study determined the effects of saline water on the growth and survival of mottled duck ducklings. We hypothesized that survivorship, growth rates, and levels of body mass and carcass components would decrease as salinity levels increased. Financial support was provided by private corporations and landowners concerned with wetland management in the Louisiana coastal zone. We are extremely grateful to R. G. Vincent, Jr., from the Miami Corp., B. N. Kirkpatrick from the J. G. Gray Estate, W. P. Hardeman from the Amoco Production Co., J. P. Donohue from the Vermilion Corp., T. Wright from the Sweetlake Land and Oil Co., and J. Woddard from the FINA Oil and Chemical Co. J. T. Joanen and W. G. Perry provided assistance and ideas throughout the study. W. M. Shields and L. W. VanDruff reviewed the manuscript, and


We study the dynamics of light in the Schwarzschild metric using a specifically fabricated micro-sized curved waveguide analogous to the black hole and the whormhole metrics, demonstrating complex dynamics and tunneling through the horizon.


In infants who are found to be HIV-infected the early institution of antiretroviral regimens has become the standard of care to reduce mortality and the development of resistance mutations while preserving immunologic function. There are a number of issues that make treatment of HIV more problematic in the pediatric age group. These include the timing of HIV infection in infants which occurs when their immune systems are developing and more susceptible to the negative consequences of HIV infection. The pharmacokinetics of the multiple drugs used in the treatment of HIV varies as infants mature through childhood and adolescence. This factor also accounts for more rapid disease progression in pediatric patients and the requirement for lifelong treatment regimens during the course of normal childhood growth and development. Not only does the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in pediatrics vary with age it also appears that children suffer from enhanced acute as well as long-term drug toxicities. In addition adherence issues in infants children and adolescents can affect the effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens mandating the development of drugs more specifically appropriate for children including characteristics such as improved tolerability. (excerpt)


Green GDP is a rational adjustment to environment protection.The concept,contents,functions as well as significance of environment protection in green GDP is discussed.


Image fusion has many diverse purposes. There is no universal, quantitative performance measure to estimate image fusion quality. An essential principle is that the original application-specific information is preserved while artifacts are minimized in the final product. As an application of wavelet analysis to the fusion of images with significantly different spectral properties and pixel spacings, we propose a method that is based on multiscale wavelet analysis, thus preserving spatial information and minimizing artifacts (PSIMA). The information content of the two images is emphasized. With the PSIMA method, the images are fused while minimizing the degree of resampling. Therefore, the finest spatial information in the input images can be preserved and artifacts minimized in the fused product, independent of the fusion method. We demonstrate the PSIMA method using RADARSAT-1 scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA AVHRR) images. This marine data set is a precursor to contemporaneous SAR and electro-optical data that will be available from the advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) and medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) sensors on the environmental satellite (ENVISAT). The results show that the PSIMA method is superior to conventional image fusion methods in terms of spatial information preservation and artifact rejection.


This paper presents the effect on application of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) for load frequency control (LFC). Both the FESS PID controller and the governor turbine PID controller using genetic algorithm (GA) were designed. The frequency and generation output characteristics for both the FESS controller and the conventional governor turbine controller were compared. To verify robust performance of the FESS controller, the computer simulations were performed under various disturbances. Because it is possible to directly control power input/output of the FESS, the sudden generation change of governor turbine system can be prevented and the efficient operating of power plant facilities is expected.


PurposeGiven the limiting conditions of the gender roles confronting professional working women and drawing on spillover theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of work-life balance with an emphasis on the causes of the imbalances, perceived stress, and coping techniques experienced by female medical doctors in an African context – Nigeria, a geographical location that is considered under-researched.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative data is based on one-to-one in-depth interviews with 52 Nigerian female medical doctors.FindingsBased on the findings of the thematic analysis, it is clear that time squeeze, as a well-known factor in the medical profession, exacerbates negative work-home interference. However, other themes, such as patriarchal proclivities and task-pay disparity, that affect female doctors but are rarely considered in studies on work-life balance also emerged as sources of stress and work-family conflicts, leaving these doctors to devise individual coping methods as mitigating strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on a limited qualitative sample size, which makes the generalisation of findings difficult. However, the study contributes to the limited literature on the implications of stress and work-family incompatibilities facing women in a society that is not particularly egalitarian, with an extremely pronounced culture of masculine hegemony that is contrary to western cultures. The article unveils the socio-cultural difficulties of the work-life demands facing women specific to the Nigerian society and experienced with a different level of intensity.Originality/valueThe majority of the research on work-life balance has been undertaken in western countries and has focused on various professional groups and organisations, including the health sector. Nevertheless, work-life balance is a novel concept within the Nigerian work environment, where female medical doctors, as a professional group, are rarely studied. The article also provides valuable insights into the macro-contextual features influencing the work-life balance of Nigerian professional women.


The financial and economic crisis which began in 2007 focused attention once again on the matter of market regulation. This paper aims at identifying in what measure the economic system should be left to its own devices, and how and when regulatory interventions onto the economy are made necessary both at a global and national level. After a brief overview of the economic debate and the end of the deregulation period preceding the crisis, follows an analysis of the reasons and consequences of the crisis, and of the regulatory measures introduced to mitigate the economic and financial stagnation investing both the United States and Europe. In Italy, although the supervision on financial market proved to be efficient, it is still fundamental to return on the path, taken in the nineties and never completed, of liberalisations and contrast actions against economic rents, of market flexibility, and respect for the competition principles and consequences.If the theory according to which the market is able to self-regulate and adapt itself to new situations, overcoming on its own negative phases of the cycle, was once predominant, the events of recent years have shown how regulation is, instead, indeed necessary. Moreover, the current globalisation and introduction of new technologies, which have deeply affected the mechanisms of the market, and rendered out of date and burdensome the existing regulatory system, show that regulation is necessary in so far as it is of a transient nature. Law, economy and politics must therefore jointly play a part in devising a new global agreement so to overcome economic negative phases in a rational effective manner, and avoid major crises for the future.


Abstract:In this study we suggest new approaches to conceptualizing South Korean aid to North Korea as equivalent to official development assistance (ODA) by looking at its historical background and present situation, as well as related laws. We review the characteristics and development of South Korean aid to North Korea, compare it to ODA, and suggest an innovative way of conceptualizing it as ODA. In particular, we assert that if South Korean aid to North Korea were considered ODA, South Korea would be able to effectively assist North Korea and become a more influential and responsible donor in international society.


The article focuses on the role of foreign language vocabulary in Ilya Surguchev's journalism (based on the cycle of "The Paris diary," 1940-1945). The research urgency is caused by the fact that the language of I. Surguchev's texts, as the emigrant press language in 1940-ies is still unknown. The factors that influenced the formation of the multi-layered structure of I. Surguchev's language personality are revealed. The features of foreign words, free and bound collocations, idioms, proverbs, quotations in foreign languages: Latin, French, Italian, English, Ukrainian, Chinese etc., functioning in I. Surguchev's texts, are considered. Classification of foreign language vocabulary, among which there are regular borrowings (internationalisms, exoticism, proper names, quasi- borrowings, marked borrowing, etc.) and occasional ones (the most striking features of idiostyle of the writer). Etymological information about words in foreign language is given. Attention is paid to the features of I. Surguchev's translation of foreign-language material into Russian. On the metalinguistic level, I. Surguchev's evaluation of "foreign word" by a phonosematic criterion is revealed. It is concluded that I. Surguchev's journalism is characterized by multiculturalism, multilingualism, polyphonism, intertextuality, stylistic convergence. Special attention is paid to the I. Surguchev commitment to the preservation of the values of Russian culture.


Spatial analysis procedures based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional (separable) ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) processes were used to analyze several yield trials. Two criteria were used to determine the best spatial model: 1) standard error of the treatment difference (SED) and 2) mean squared error (MSE) of prediction based on a cross-validation approach. It is found that spatial models with two-dimensional exponential covariance functions are frequently the best models regarding SED and MSE. Differenced models are frequently the best models regarding SED and the worst with respect to MSE.


At critical current density of the order of 100 kA/cm/sup 2/, tunnel Josephson junctions become overdamped and may be used in RSFQ circuits without external shunting, dramatically increasing circuit density. However, the physics of electron transport in such high-j/sub c/ junctions differs from the usual direct tunneling and until recently remained unclear. We have found that the observed dc I-V curves of niobium-trilayer junctions with j/sub c/=210 kA/cm/sup 2/ can be explained quantitatively by resonant tunneling through strongly disordered barriers. According to this interpretation, random spread of critical current in high-j/sub c/ junctions may be rather small (below 1% r.m.s.) even in deep-submicron junctions, making VLSI RSFQ circuits, with density above 10 MJJ/cm/sup 2/, feasible.


In the economic development of minority areas,the weakening financial support is becoming an important issue currently.This paper analyzes the existing problems,on the account of financial data of our five big minority areas and En-shi Prefecture in recent years,and analyzes the source of the problems,then brings forward the corresponding ways to strength the financial support.


Gadgets has become everyone's daily needs, apart from being a communication tool and looking for an information, gadgets are also a tool for seeking entertainment, one of which is playing offline and online games. There are lots of people from children to adults who play online games, one of which is Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, a game that provides this chatting feature is often misused by many people to spread hate during the game, this is called to be toxic behavior. This study uses qualitative research which includes the process of observation, interviews, and documentation targeting students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. This research proves that the phenomenon of toxic behavior occurs when a teammate plays badly and also when a teammate blames one another. This makes emotions unstable and performs toxic behavior in the form of speaking harsh words. In addition, based on the results of research, FISIP students have the characteristics of inconsistency and like to make conflicts during games.


J. Y. Yuan, B. S. Sun, X. Chen, H. L. Ma, X. S. Gao, X. D. Shu. Ningbo University, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo, China; B. S. Sun (Email: sunbaoshou @nbu.edu.cn) In order to better control the forming quality of copper ball by warm skew rolling process, a Finite Element Model (FEM) of copper ball warm skew rolling for the coupling of thermal and mechanical was established. The influence of process parameters on force and rolling torque was analyzed by using single factor research method. The results show that the smaller the cross angle, the lower the rolling temperature, the slower the rolling rotation speed, the greater the forming force and rolling torque, the more difficult for forming. The optimum rolling temperature is 600 °C; the optimum cross angle is 2,5°; the optimum rolling rotation speed is 60 rpm.


The invention relates to a mold for the processing of liquid metallic material, which has a wall, at least one sensor element for detecting the temperature and / or strain is disposed at least a portion of the mold in the. In order to allow the installation of an efficient monitoring element for the mold in a cost effective manner, the invention provides that the sensor element (2) comprises at least one light waveguide (1) of the mold is arranged in a groove (3) in the wall, wherein the optical waveguide (2) in the groove base (4) of the groove (3) is applied and wherein the from the optical waveguide (2) is not filled space of the groove (3) at least substantially, preferably completely, closed by a filler piece (5).


The aim of this contribution is to find a way how to improve eciency of current state-of-the-art satisfiability solvers. The idea is to split a given instance of the problem into parts (connected components) which can be solved separately. For this purpose we define component trees and a related problem of finding optimal component trees. We describe how this approach can be combined with standard satisfiability solver decision heuristics to improve them. The proposed ideas were implemented and experimentally evaluated on a large set of benchmark problems. We provide results of these experiments.


The neutral complexes [Cr(CO)4(Ph2AsOAsPh2)] 1, [Mo(CO)4(Ph2AsOAsPh2)2] 2, [Cr(CO)4(Ph2AsSAsPh2)] 3, [Mo(CO)4(Ph2AsSAsPh2)2] 4, [Cr(CO)5(Ph2AsOAsPh2)] 5 and [Cr(CO)5(Ph2AsSAsPh2)] 6 have been prepared. The crystal structures of compounds 1–5 were determined. The diarsenic ligand in 2, 4, and 5 is monodentate and in 1 and 3 the ligand is bidentate. The crystal structure of the ligand Ph2AsOAsPh2 was redetermined and the As–O–As angle found to be 115.98(17)°, significantly less than the value originally reported. Calculations, using density functional theory, assist discussion of the steric and electronic factors influencing the choice of binding mode.


In 1934 Liu Jihua, a classically trained feminist at Yanjing University, published an article on the history of the concept of chastity in China. Meticulously documented and lavishly illustrated with quotations from the classics (beginning with the Book of Changes), her long essay argued that, by the Qing dynasty, female chastity had "become a religion" (zongjiaohua): a prescriptive norm accepted as a matter of faith by most men and women.


We analyze the time-reversible mechanics of two irreversible simulation types. The first is a dissipative one-dimensional heat-conducting oscillator exposed to a temperature gradient in a three-dimensional phase space with coordinate $q$, momentum $p$, and thermostat control variable $\zeta$. The second type simulates a conservative two-dimensional $N$-body fluid with $4N$ phase variables $\{q,p\}$ undergoing shock compression. Despite the time-reversibility of each of the three oscillator equations and all of the $4N$ manybody motion equations both types of simulation are irreversible, obeying the Second Law of Thermodynamics. But for different reasons. The irreversible oscillator seeks out an attractive dissipative limit cycle. The likewise irreversible, but thoroughly conservative, Newtonian shockwave eventually generates a reversible near-equilibrium pair of rarefaction fans. Both problem types illustrate interesting features of Lyapunov instability.


The effect of salinity on the removal of dissolved contaminant metals from water by an Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) ion-exchange resin, Amberlite IRC748, was investigated under batch equilibrium conditions at ambient temperature. The efficiency of contaminant metal removal increased with salinity. The resin was most selective for calcium and magnesium ions at low salinity, and for contaminant metal ions at high salinity. It is proposed that a high concentration of sodium ions limits protonation of the resin, causing a shift from a chelation to an ion-exchange binding mechanism for calcium and magnesium ions.


Broccoli contains sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate which is formed by the action of myrosinase enzyme on glucoraphanin. This sulforaphane has anticancer properties and can also help in treating many diseases like kidney disorders, skin diseases etc. The present paper highlights the development of UV and TLC method, which will be used in further research. The paper highlights the development of UV method in three media namelyDistilled water, phosphate buffer 7.4 and HCl buffer 2.3. This paper also highlights the Development of TLC method for the identification of sulforaphane in Broccoli extract.


Statistical profile monitoring has received much attention during recent years. While numerous contributions and applications have been demonstrated in the literature, the control statistics across many of the proposed methodologies have mainly remained unchanged, which somehow hinders further improvement of the monitoring schemes. In this paper, however, we propose a novel approach to leverage the information in the area formed between the sampled and in‐control profile to improve the monitoring scheme performance. Specifically, we develop a control statistic based on the convolution of the observed and in‐control profiles to monitor the shifts in the slope and intercept parameters. We also extend the mean square statistic to area weighted total sum of squares, to more effectively monitor the shift in the standard deviation. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology in comparison with some of the existing approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A conjecture of I. G. Macdonald [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 13 (1982), pp. 988–1007] about the constant term in a Laurent polynomial expansion associated with the affine root system of $BC_1 $ is extended and then proved by evaluation of an integral that extends a beta function integral.


Using monthly reanalysis data of the National Center for Environmental Research/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) and Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Heat Flux (OAFlux) gathered during the winter, singular vector decomposition (SVD) analysis was conducted to reveal the coupled mode between the Kuroshio marine heating anomaly and the geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500) over the North Pacific. The first SVD mode showed that when the northern Kuroshio marine heating anomaly was positive, the Z500 in the central and western sections of the North Pacific was anomalously low. By composing the meteorological field anomalies in the positive (or negative) years, it has been revealed that while the Aleutian Low deepens (or shallows), the northwesterly wind overlying the Kuroshio strengthens (or weakens) and induces the near-surface air to be cool (or warm). Furthermore, this increases (or decreases) the upward heat flux anomaly and cools (or warms) the sea surface temperature (SST) accordingly. In the vicinity of Kuroshio and its downstream region, the vertical structure of the air temperature along the latitude is baroclinic; however, the geopotential height is equivalently barotropic, which presents a cool trough (or warm ridge) spatial structure. The divergent wind and vertical velocities are introduced to show the anomalous zonal circulation cell. These are characterized by the rising (or descending) air in the central North Pacific, which flows westward and eastward toward the upper troposphere, descends (or rises) in the Kuroshio and in the western section of North America, and then strengthens (or weakens) the mid-latitude zonal cell (MZC).


The impact of consumer behavior in determining the safety of foods prepared at home has focused so far on the role of isolated consumer practices. In addition, demographic factors have been applied primarily to explain differences between individuals. In this paper, the use of psychological factors to predict scores on the integrated food-safety score is advocated. In order to assess the relevance of psychological constructs to food-safety behaviors, several relations are tested at the same time in a structural equation model in which it is demonstrated that the inclusion of psychological determinants leads to a better model for the prediction of food-related behaviors in comparison to demographic factors alone.


Preface Introduction Common Confusions From An Historical Perspective Identities Inconsistencies Traditions Historians and Nations The True Nature of Nations and Nationalism The Limitation of National Histories as Fields of Study Historians and Local Communities "Pre-Historical" Definitions of Local Communities An Historical Definition of Local Communities Current Definitions of "Community" Historians and Generalizations Problems in Historical Synthesizing False Generalizations in Historical Writing Historians and Communication History as Writing Notes Bibliography Index


The theological literature has been greatly enriched in recent decades by detailed studies of the nature of religious 'discernment' or 'divination'. The works of Rudolf Otto, Mircea Eliade, and Ian Ramsey, in particular, and from various perspectives, have contributed much to our understanding of characteristic situations in which men may intuit or apprehend the immediate presence of deity. This 'empirical-phenomenological' approach (to characterise it as broadly as possible) represents a significant departure from the more traditional 'proofs' of deity based on logical argument or citations of scripture in that (a) it requires an empirical 'grounding' in concrete, historically conditioned situations, and (b) it necessarily leaves the question of truth value open to review and re-evaluation by its appeal to specific acts of personal intuition or discernment. Therefore, in comparison with the traditional 'proofs', there is a certain loss of cogency, but, on the other hand, a distinct gain in concreteness and accessibility to the religious imagination of the individual.


Abstract. Lots of various risks will exist in the whole process that is from construction to completion of project, whose management model is project agent-construction system. If construction agent can't focus more importance on the cognition and management of risk occurring in the whole process of engineering project implementation, the successful accomplishment of engineering project will be influenced consequentially. In this paper, it is combined that the theory of project risk management and the practice of project agent-construction system from the construction agent's viewpoint, then the risk of project agent-construction system is analyzed, and the precautions against risk are studied. It is of great significance and high practical values to carry out agent-construction system more preferably for construction agent.


Objective To study the characteristics of rat model of bone metastasis from breast cancer,which was developed through intra-tibial injection of MRMT-1 rat breast cancer cells.Method Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham operation group and model group.Sham operation group was intra-tibially injected with normal saline, while model group was injected with the MRMT-1 cells to develop model.On day 19 after operation,allodynia and hyperalgesia were measured.All rats were killed on day 21,and then tibias were collected to measure the volume of tumors,as bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral capacity(BMC) were also determined.After HE staining,tartrate-resist- ant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry staining,the bone pathological changes,osteoclast count,as well as semi-quantitatively measure expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand(RANKL) were observed and investigated,respectively.By real -time quantitative RT-PCR,expression of parathyroid hormone related protein(PTHrP) was determined.Result Rats receiving intra-tibial injections of MRMT-1 cells displayed the development of mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Bone destruction was found by image examination(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Mixed bone lesion was observed through HE staining sections.Osteoclast enhanced(P 0.01 ),PTHrP and OPG decreased(P 0.05 or P 0.01),but RANKL remained unchanged.Conclusion The model of bone metastasis from breast cancer shows characteristics of cancer pain and bone lesion.The injury mechanism is to break the balance of OPG-RANKL-RANK system by inhibiting OPG,these changes would cause excessive activation of osteoclasts,which then induces hyperfunction of bone resorption.


Ude, the gloom ofBlean forest, th, Man,;pJe threatens to abort the Canterbury pilgrimage more effectively than did even the Pardoner at his ale-stake. Where the Pardoner offered false relics surrogates for the shrine of Becket-the Manciple counsels silence, not only for the besotted Cook but for the other pilgrims and the reader as well. He chides the Cook into speechlessness, provoking the Cook's fall from his horse, and then he tells a tale which counsels silence in all instances: " ... be war, and be noon auctour newe / Of tidynges, wheither they been false or trewe" (ManT 359 -60 ). 1 Such counsel to silence, Chauncey Wood has pointed out, opposes the penitential message of The Parsons Prologue and Tale. 2 Indeed, silence would negate The Parsons Tale for the pilgrims, since the tale would not be told if the Parson followed the Manciple's advice. For us, the advice to be silent countermands The Canterbury Tales itself, since without the telling of the tales and the voices of the pilgrims there is no poem. Other critics besides Wood have concentrated upon the theme of speech in The Manciples Tale, most recently reading the injunction to silence as, as James Dean puts it, a stage in the "dismantling" of the Canterbury fiction, or, as Louise Fradenburg argues, a possibly unconscious expression by Chaucer of the anxious place of the court poet in the late fourteenth century. 3 Since Chaucer does cancel some of his literary output in his Retraction soon after The Manciple s Tale, we may well consider the tale to be a step in the "dismantling" process. Similarly, since the pursuit of tidings


The presence of the α-methyl group in the alternating methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer produces a remarkable difference in its 13C NMR spectra as compared with the spectra of the alternating methyl acrylate-styrene copolymer; cotacticity-dependent splittings occur only in the former spectrum. A theoretical interpretation was attempted for this characteristic spectral variation in terms of the calculated time-averaged chemical shifts for carbons in the dyads constituting the alternating copolymers. Each (meso or racemic) dyad sequence is considered to exist in several conformational states which are mutually exchanging rapidly and the probabilities of which are determined by a statistical mechanical procedure. The calculation of cotacticity-dependent chemical shifts is conducted for the side chain carbonyl, aromatic C1 and methoxyl carbons as well as for some main chain carbons to give good agreement with the observed peak splittings, especially with respect to the side chain carbons. In accordance with the reported assignment, the calculated differences in shielding factors between meso and racemic dyads for the side chain carbons of poly(methyl methacrylate-alt-styrene) are positive, i.e. the meso or isotactic peak appears at higher field than the racemic or syndiotactic peak. Furthermore, the resulting values are relatively large (≈0,63 ppm) in conformity with the experiment. The calculation for the carbons in poly(methyl acrylate-alt-styrene) gives a very small shielding difference (−0,04 to 0,06 ppm) by the dyad cotacticity, being consistent with the observation, i. e. absence of peak splittings.


A mathematical model for turbulent gas-liquid flows with mass transfer and chemical reactions is presented and a robust solution strategy based on nested iterations is proposed for the numerical treatment of the intricately coupled PDEs. In particular, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a discrete projection scheme from the family of Pressure Schur Complement methods. Novel high-resolution finite element schemes of FCT and TVD type are employed for the discretization of unstable convective terms. The implementation of a modified k − ε turbulence model is described in detail. The performance of the developed simulation tools is illustrated by a number of three-dimensional numerical examples.


Thank you very much for downloading maclaboratory for psychology laboratory manual. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this maclaboratory for psychology laboratory manual, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


Based on the demand for developing new-type command talents in accordance with the changes of security situation at home and abroad,the paper analyzes the connotations and characteristics of diversified military missions,then clarifies the significance of the educational innovation for military academies based on diversified military missions,and finally suggests some measures relevant to the educational innovation based on diversified military missions.


Vibrotactile feedback is strongly influenced by both accompanying audio and video feedback. Nevertheless, most tools and techniques focus on haptics in isolation during prototyping. We present the ViviTouch® Studio as a novel research tool that facilitates rapid prototyping of audio + video + vibrotactile feedback. Our tool also demonstrates a multimodal rapid prototyping architecture process that works on most operating systems and devices without custom embedded controllers or real-time operating systems. Easy A/B comparisons between different actuators, such as eccentric rotating masses, linear resonant actuators, piezoelectric elements, voice coils and electroactive polymers, are supported.


Background and Objective: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Nowadays, herbal drugs are gaining popularity in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The current study was aimed at evaluating the significance of supplementation of Artemisia annua (Kaysom) extract in reducing the metabolic abnormalities accompanied with alloxaninduced diabetes in male albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into three groups including control, diabetic and diabetic treated with Kaysom extract . A single dose of alloxan(120 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were administered Kaysom extract orally twice daily for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, level of serum fasting insulin and glucose in addition to serum lipids profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low density lipoproteins(VLDL); serum proteins including total proteins, albumin and globulin; renal markers (creatinine, urea and uric acid) and activity of certain enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) was determined for all groups. In. addition, estimation of % change of body weight, values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ratios of albumin:globulin (A:G), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL (risk ratios 1 and2) were calculated for each group. Results: Diabetic rats showed a marked decline (p<0.01) in the level of; serum insulin, body weight (4.98 %),total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.01) in level of; fasting blood glucose, HOMA_IR, ASAT, ALAT ,GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) as compared to the corresponding of controls. Supplementation of diabetic rats with Kaysom extract significantly ameliorated most of the estimated biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Kaysom extract may be of advantage in inhibiting hyperglycemia and ameliorating metabolic abnormalities induced by diabetes.


Increasing classroom sizes and decreasing financial and human resources have encouraged educators to seek innovativestrategies to manage large classrooms. Several instructors have begun using web-based peer reviews as a way to increaseopen-ended feedback. Recent work in design-based classes has revealed that students struggle to provide meaningful peerfeedback. Furthermore, it remains unclear how best to increase student motivation and engagement with the process. In asophomore mechanical engineering class, we investigated the effect of a collaborative team of reviewers (a team ofreviewers generating a single review) on the quality of feedback generated and on student perception of the process.Feedback generated by 117 students on their peers' design projects over two assignments was analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. We found that collaborative team of reviewers produced higher quality feedback than did individualreviewers. Students spent more time on reviews in teams but found the process engaging and more fun than with individualreviews. Furthermore, students perceived individual and team review tasks as requiring similar levels of effort. Our findingsindicate that team review approach could help reviewers provide better feedback in engineering design reviews.Additionally, collaboration improved student engagement in the process. Over the past two decades, peer reviews haveremained a solitary endeavor—this study is the first group process implementation of peer review and provides a basis forfuture exploration of the topic.


Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) is a well-known computer vision approach successfully applied for various classification and recognition problems. It has an outstanding power to identify patterns in 1D and 2D data. Though invented in 80's, it became hugely successful after LeCun's work on digit identification. Several CNN based models have been developed to record splendid performance on ImageNet and other databases. Ability of the CNN in learning complex features at different hierarchy from the data had made it the most successful among deep learning algorithms. Innovative architectural designs and hyper parameteroptimization have greatly improved the efficiency of CNN in pattern recognition. This review majorly focuses on the evolution and history of CNN models. Landmark CNN architectures are discussed with their categorization depending on various parameters. In addition, this also explores the architectural details of different layers, activation function, optimizers and other hyperparameters used by CNN. Review concludes by shedding the light on the applications and observations to be considered while designing the network.


The aim of this study was to describe the gendered experiences of African male learners living in child- and youth-headed households. The participants included seven male learners, identified through a non-profit organisation in the Soweto area. Data were collected through individual interviews, collages, and essays and analysed using qualitative content and thematic analysis. The theoretical framework included the works of Erikson and Nsamenang. The findings indicated that cultural practices and gender roles of boys were important aspects for the participants. Also, the presence of an older male figure in their lives was crucial. The social support from family and friends made a significant difference for them. Their resilience was seen in their desire to be educated so that they could have a better future, as well as in their ability to not engage in community violence. Based on the findings, relevant recommendations are provided with emphasis on the role of psychologists.


1published an anthropological parody, "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," about the seemingly bizarre culture of the Nacirema (American spelled backward). His essay provides a provocative framework for discussing the subculture of ill American adolescents that is in conflict with the adult-dominated culture of the adult intensive care unit (ICU). Miner addresses Nacireman rituals in the latipso (hospital), where personal freedoms are greatly restricted and body secrecy is generally violated. The male patient, for example, whose own wife has never seen him perform an excretory act, suddenly finds himself "naked and assisted by a vestal maiden [nurse] while he performs his natural functions into a sacred


Polycrystalline Platinum Nanofilms Q. G. ZHANG, B. Y. CAO, X. ZHANG, M. FUJII and K. TAKAHASHI, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2006, 18, (34), 7937–7950 The thicknesses of the studied polycrystalline Pt nanofilms (1) ranged from 15.0–63.0 nm and the mean grain sizes varied from 9.5–26.4 nm. The thermal conductivities of (1) measured by a direct electrical heating method are greatly reduced from the bulk values, due mainly to grain-boundary scattering.


We employ the comparatively minimal extension of hard-wall AdS/QCD due to Katz and Schwartz which takes into account the U(1)$_A$ anomaly for computing hadronic light-by-light scattering contributions of pseudoscalar and axial vector mesons to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_\mu$. By including a gluon condensate as one extra tunable parameter besides those fixed by $f_\pi$ and the pion, kaon, and rho masses, we obtain remarkably accurate fits for $\eta$ and $\eta'$ masses and their decay rates to photons, leading to $a_\mu$ contributions in complete agreement with the Standard Model result by the Muon $g-2$ Theory Initiative. Turning to the less well understood axial vector contributions, we update our previous predictions obtained in flavor-symmetric hard-wall AdS/QCD models without U(1)$_A$ breaking.


Chemical vapor deposited coatings of TiB2, TiC and boron on graphite substrates are being developed for application as limiter materials in magnetic confinement fusion reactors. In this application severe thermal shock conditions exist and to do effective thermo‐mechanical modelling of the material response it is necessary to acquire elastic moduli, fracture strength, and strain to fracture data for the coatings. Four point flexure tests have been conducted from room temperature to 2000 °C on TiB2 and boron coated graphite with coatings in tension and compression and the mechanical properties extracted from the load‐deflection data. In addition, stress relaxation tests from 500 ° to 1150 °C were performed on TiB2 and TiC coated graphite beams to assess the low levels of plastic deformation which occur in these coatings. Significant differences have been observed between the effective mechanical properties of the coatings and literature values of the bulk properties.


The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of research and publications about university rankings. University rankings allows comparing the quality of the academic activity of higher education institutions. After the publication of the first global ranking in 2004, the Shanghai ranking, various university classifications have been developed and a greater scientific discussion on the subject has been encouraged. For this study, the articles on the subject published on the Web of Science (WoS) were used as a database. Several bibliometric indicators were applied to detect the main journals, organizations and authors that have worked on the subject. From a study of co-words, the main lines of research were determined, highlighting among them the measurement of research productivity.


Abstract Using data from HST/STIS (Hubble Space Telescope / Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph) and FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) toward two QSOs, H1821+643 and HS0624+6907, we find that the overall metallicity of the Galactic "Outer Arm" is Z=0.3−0.5 Z⊙ with underabundant nitrogen and little depletion by dust. The results are consistent with those based on H II region measurements in the outer galaxy and provide additional constrains on models of the Galactic abundance gradient and Milky Way (MW) chemical evolution. The lower metallicity observed in the outer galaxy is consistent with abundance patterns observed in higher redshift damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) extrapolated to z=0. The slow metallicity evolution of DLAs could be due to the larger cross sections of the outer regions of galaxies combined with the observed metallicity gradients.


PURPOSE
To investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle (MC) on exercise performance across the power-duration relationship (PDR). We hypothesized females would exhibit greater variability in the PDR across the MC than males across a similar timespan, with critical power (CP) and Work-prime (W') being lower during the early follicular phase than the late follicular and mid-luteal phases.

METHODS
Seven eumenorrheic, endurance-trained female adults performed multiple constant-load-to-task-failure and maximum-power tests at three time points across the MC (early follicular, late follicular, mid-luteal phases). Ten endurance-trained male adults performed the same tests approximately 10 days apart.

RESULTS
No differences across the PDR were observed between MC phases (CP: 186.74 ± 31.00 W, P = 0.955, CV = 0.81 ± 0.65 %) (W': 7,961.81 ± 2,537.68 J, P = 0.476, CV = 10.48 ± 3.06 %). CP was similar for male and female subjects (11.82 ± 1.42 W • kg-1 vs. 11.56 ± 1.51 W • kg-1, respectively) when controlling for leg lean mass. However, W' was larger (P = 0.047) for male subjects (617.28 ± 130.10 J • kg-1) than female subjects (490.03 ± 136.70 J • kg-1) when controlling for leg lean mass.

CONCLUSION
MC phase does not need to be controlled when conducting aerobic endurance performance research on eumenorrheic female subjects without menstrual dysfunction. Nevertheless, several sex differences in the power-duration relationship exist, even after normalizing for body composition. Therefore, previous studies describing the physiology of exercise performance in male subjects may not perfectly describe that of female subjects.


Singly and doubly quinoline-fused BODIPYs were effectively synthesized through a reaction sequence consisting of the reduction of nitrophenyl-substituted BODIPYs and subsequent Pictet-Spengler cyclization. The combination of the BODIPY core and fused quinoline rings imposed significantly twisted conformations in the quinoline-fused BODIPYs (around 20.0° deviation from coplanarity obtained from X-ray crystal structure analysis). These twisted BODIPYs showed significantly reduced LUMO, redshifted absorption/emission bands, high molar extinction coefficients and satisfactory reactive oxygen species generation efficiency up to 0.56, indicating potential use as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.


List of illustrations Acknowledgments 1. Isaac Newton, philosopher by fire 2. Vegetability and providence 3. Cosmology and history 4. Modes of divine activity in the world: before the Principia 5. Modes of divine activity in the world: the Principia period 6. Modes of divine activity in the world: after the Principia, 1687-1713 7. Modes of divine activity in the world: after the Principia, 1713-1727 8. Epilogue Appendices Bibliography Index.


We study the problem of scheduling sensors in a resource-constrained linear dynamical system, where the objective is to select a small subset of sensors from a large network to perform the state estimation task. We formulate this problem as the maximization of a monotone set function under a uniform matroid constraint. We propose a randomized greedy algorithm that is significantly faster than state-of-the-art methods. By introducing the notion of curvature which quantifies how close a function is to being submodular, we analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and find a bound on the expected mean square error (MSE) of the estimator that uses the selected sensors in terms of the optimal MSE. Moreover, we derive a probabilistic bound on the curvature for the scenario where the measurements are i.i.d. random vectors with bounded $\ell_{2}$-norm. Simulation results demonstrate efficacy of the randomized greedy algorithm in a comparison with greedy and semidefinite programming relaxation methods.


In this paper, we examine, via analysis, the improvement in device localizability through collaboration. Depending on the sensitivity of the receivers in the devices, it is not unusual for an unlocalized device to lack a sufficient number of detectable positioning signals from localized devices to determine its location without ambiguity (i.e., to be uniquely localizable). This occurrence is well-known to be a limiting factor in localization performance, especially in communications systems. In cellular positioning, for example, cellular network designers call this the hearability problem. In this work, we employ tools from stochastic geometry to derive accurate approximations for the probabilities of unique localizability in the noncollaborative and collaborative cases. We consider range-based positioning scenarios with and without shadowing. The results are very promising and motivate further research into enhancing cellular positioning with small-scale collaboration (e.g., using D2D in LTE).


Numerous analyses including in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that inhalation exposure of NiONPs can result in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the potential mechanisms of this pathological process remain elusive. Here, we investigate the role of HIF-1α and TGF-ß1 in NiONPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis with a focus on the interplay of the above two proteins. In vivo, male Sprague&Dawley rats were exposed to NiONPs and pulmonary fibrosis was demonstrated using H&E staining and immunochemistry of αSMA. In vitro, NiONPs contributed to cell proliferation and increased expressions of collagen-1 and αSMA in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Both HIF-1α and TGF-ß1 were upregulated by NiONPs treatment. Inhibition of HIF-1α reduced TGF-ß1 expression and downregulation of TGF-ß1 reduced HIF-1α protein level. Mechanism investigation revealed that TGF-ß1 affects nuclear translocation activity of HIF-1α. Taken together, these finding provide evidence that HIF-1α and TGF-ß1 act in synergy to foster NiONPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and the cross talk between them is a pivotal mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis.


Embolization, or the formation of an artificial blockage or blood clot, is a medical technique used to treat specific vascular conditions typically caused by abnormal bleeding. Common cases include aneurysms and extreme trauma, but embolization surgeries are increasingly used to block blood supply to tumors as well. Modern embolization techniques, while integral to many procedures, have deficiencies that reduce their effectiveness. To address this, engineers at Texas A&M created an embolization plug utilizing memory material technology. The device is based on a polyurethane memory polymer, which grows to a predetermined size and shape after its insertion into the body by a catheter. Its expanded scaffold-plug and anchor coil structure is designed to obstruct the rate of blood flow inside a target blood vessel. This technology was then adopted by Shape Memory Medical (SMM), a medical device company, as the IMPEDE Embolization Plug. The difference between IMPEDE and other embolization devices is its long-term effectiveness, faster deployment time, and minimally invasive procedure. The memory material design of IMPEDE shows a reduced need for further treatment, due to increased biocompatibility and shortened healing period. Embolization plugs utilizing shape memory materials, like IMPEDE, show great promise in improving the lives of those affected by abnormal vasculature and bleeding. Key Words—Aneurysm, Cancer, Embolization, IMPEDE embolization plug, Polyurethane shape memory polymer, Shape Memory Medical THE NEED FOR IMPROVED EMBOLIZATION TECHNIQUES What is the Purpose of Embolization? Endovascular embolization is a simple procedure that is often vital to saving lives. In general, endovascular embolization procedures involve taking a certain material, called an embolic agent, and injecting it into a blood vessel through a catheter with the goal of blocking blood flow to that specific region [1]. The surgery has many specific purposes, most notably for treating excess bleeding due to trauma and tumors. Internal excess bleeding is the most common condition treated with this procedure. Typically, the procedure is used on trauma patients who have dangerous excess bleeding in the stomach or pelvic region to quickly block the source of the bleeding. Another common application of embolization procedures is for treating aneurysms, which are parts of an artery wall that have become weak and begin to bulge. An aneurysm can become very dangerous if it ruptures and can lead to internal bleeding [2]. Aneurysms were previously treated with more invasive surgeries that completely removed them from the body. However, there were limitations with this procedure as some aneurysms were considered inoperable due to their sensitive location in the body. With the implementation of endovascular embolization procedures, aneurysms that were previously inoperable, are now accessible through the catheter-based procedure [3]. A more recent application of this procedure is in relation to tumors. Endovascular embolizations are often used in treating benign uterine fibroid tumors, which can often cause many issues in a woman's menstrual cycle [1]. This procedure is also used as a preoperative measure to cut off the blood supply to kidney and spinal tumors in order to decrease blood loss during operation [4]. Overall, embolization procedures have become a necessary component in the treatment of many serious medical conditions over the last few decades, making their advancement crucial to the medical field. The Issue with Current Embolization Procedures With the vast importance of endovascular embolization procedures in the treatment of a multitude of medical conditions, it is vital to assess and improve the procedure as technology advances. Currently, embolization procedures are largely effective in terms of treating the desired medical condition, but the procedure itself is not always efficient.


Although Konstantin Magin is confident that liberals should support Social Security privatization "enthusiastically," his argument adds little new to the literature, and misunderstands what antiprivatizers see in the Social Security system, according to Max Skidmore.


This article explores the way that the themes of cultural memory and commemoration are embodied by the photographs of New Zealand artist Natalie Robertson. Robertson photographs the official, mass-produced road signs that exist throughout the New Zealand landscape. Because she conducts her photographic activity at night, the signs come to appear as luminous effigies of the past, whereby the names adorning their surfaces appear as strange and at times uncanny reminders to passersby of the land's original ownership and affiliations. This nocturnal focus enables Robertson to show that despite pointing to actual roadways (which tend for the most part to be subsumed within our everyday mode of consciousness), the signs she represents also work to acknowledge and commemorate a history that remains obscured by mainstream conceptions, understandings, and experiences of place.


A low-power wide-range CMOS temperature sensor architecture is proposed based on temperature-to-frequency conversion using supply voltage controlled sub-threshold ring oscillator. The principles of operation are investigated and proved via analytic and simulation results. Most errors are canceled out by this ratio-metric design. An inaccuracy of -0.84°C to +0.34°C occurs over a range of -40°C to 80°C after using a novel in-field digital two-point calibration. The entire sensor consumes less than 93nW to 305nW over the temperature range and can be digitally reconfigured for setting sample rate and resolution in a tradeoff.


ABSTRACT The article examines political strategies of the Slovak extreme right by drawing on theories of populism developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. It performs an analysis of the discourse of the far-right People's Party Our Slovakia (ĽSNS). Its key finding is that ĽSNS discourse constructs an array of radical borders (frontiers) between the so-called 'decent people' and the multiple, but often unrelated, alleged threats, such as foreigners, ethnic minorities, sexual minorities, the political establishment or the clandestine 'global elites'. Multiple frontiers are woven together into an overarching conspiracy-minded narrative of the 'system' threatening the 'people', thus making the ĽSNS strategy an intrinsically populist one.


Coated fiber with a core made of ceramic and a coating of a second ceramic different composition, characterized in that the ratio of free carbon


This book explores collaborative community engagement for local well-being initiatives, and is substantially based on the experiences and perspectives of activist groups in low-income neighbourhoods across the United Kingdom. It gives a voice to people in precarious communities and "helps to explain the strong desire that people feel to organize themselves at a level below that of official structures, no matter how low or lowly."


We developed a virtualization-based infringement incident response tool for cyber security training system using Cloud. This tool was developed by applying the concept of attack and defense which is the basic of military war game modeling and simulation. The main purpose of this software is to cultivate cyber security experts capable of coping with various situations to minimize the damage in the shortest time when an infringement incident occurred. This tool acquired the invaluable certificate from Korean government agency. This tool shall provide CBT type remote education such as scenario based infringement incident response training, hacking defense practice, and vulnerability measure practice. The tool works in Linux, Window operating system environments, and uses Korean e-government framework and secure coding to construct a situation similar to the actual information system. In the near future, Internet and devices connected to the Internet will be greatly enlarged, and cyber security threats will be diverse and widespread. It is expected that various kinds of hacking will be attempted in an advanced types using artificial intelligence technology. Therefore, we are working on applying the artificial intelligence technology to the current infringement incident response tool to cope with these evolving threats.


Based on nutrient film technique,we have built up simulative ecological ditch system to degrade the piggery wastewater,which was mainly composed of Lolium multiflorum strips.The results showed that this ecological ditch system had significant effects of degrading the pollutants in piggery wastewater,and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand(COD),TN,NH4 N,TP and suspended solids(SS) was 92.4%,60.6%,88.9%,73.7% and 88.9% respectively after 36 days'running of the simulative ecological ditch system.In the earlier period of system running,the water quality parameters above-mentioned decreased greatly,while in the later period of system running,the water quality parameters decreased relatively slowly.


The acetylene reduction assay was used to examine biological nitrogen fixation in the high arctic tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories (68°32′ N, 83°19′ W). The highest rates of acetylene reduction (9.37 ± 3.19 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) were in habitats that had a high density of the legumes Oxytropis maydelliana, O. arctobia, and Astragalus alpinus. Nitrogen fixation in the wet soils along the shore of a small lake was similar (8.87 ± 4.35 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) because of the blue-green alga Nostoc, which associates with mosses. Free-living blue-green algae and lichens made insignificant contributions to the total nitrogen fixation budget because they were uncommon and fixed nitrogen at a slower rate. Nitrogen-fixing lichens in the area included Stereocaulon arenarium and S. rivulorum. It is concluded that legumes have a significant input to the biological nitrogen fixation budget at Sarcpa Lake.


Small traffic sign recognition is a challenging problem in computer vision, and its accuracy is important to the safety of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In this paper, we propose the multi-scale region-based convolutional neural network (MR-CNN). At the detection stage, MR-CNN uses a multi-scale deconvolution operation to up-sample the features of the deeper convolution layers and concatenates them to those of the shallow layer to construct the fused feature map. The fused feature map has the ability to generate fewer region proposals and achieve higher recall values. At the classification stage, we leverage the multi-scale contextual regions to exploit the information surrounding a given object proposal and construct the fused feature for the fully connected layers. The fused feature map inside the region proposal network (RPN) focuses primarily on improving the image resolution and semantic information for small traffic sign detection, while outside the RPN, the fused feature enhances the feature representation by leveraging the contextual information. Finally, we evaluated MR-CNN on the largest dataset, Tsinghua-Tencent 100K, which is suitable for our problem and more challenging than the GTSDB and GTSRB datasets. The final experimental results indicate that the MR-CNN is superior at detecting small traffic signs, and that it achieves the state-of-the-art performance compared with other methods.


There has been a significant increase in the Internet dynamics in the past decade. This has put tremendous pressure on the performance of routing protocols as they need to keep updating their routing information with every network change across the globe. With the growth of Internet, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) has become a critical routing application. Good performance of BGP on network processors directly translates to better convergence time for route changes on the Internet, leading to reduced data loss on the network. BGP is the ubiquitous routing protocol on the Internet core, and hence analyzing its performance and exploring avenues for speeding it up can greatly help in improving the responsiveness and reliability of the Internet. In this paper, we investigate the use of multicore as the compute platform for routing protocols using BGP as a representative application. We discuss two different schemes for parallelizing BGP and analyze the performance of both serial and parallel BGP implementations on a fully configurable multicore simulation environment. Subsequently, we analyze the architectural bottlenecks in the conventional multicore systems which limit the speedup that can be achieved by software parallelism alone, and propose a canonical multicore architecture for routing protocols, which can be used for future routing processor designs. The analysis and proposed schemes in this paper would greatly help in understanding the behavior of BGP, thereby assisting in design and development of next generation network processors.


Modern submarine design puts forward higher and higher requirements for control surfaces, and this creates a requirement for designers to constantly innovate new types of rudder so as to improve the efficiency of control surfac⁃ es. Adopting the high-efficiency airfoil rudder is one of the most effective measures for improving the efficiency of con⁃ trol surfaces. In this paper, we put forward an optimization method for a high-efficiency airfoil rudder on the basis of a comparative analysis of the various strengths and weaknesses of the airfoil, and the numerical calculation method is ad⁃ opted to analyze the influence rule of the hydrodynamic characteristics and wake field by using the high-efficiency air⁃ foil rudder and the conventional NACA rudder comparatively; at the same time, a model load test in a towing tank was carried out, and the experimental results and simulation calculation obtained good consistency: the error between them was less than 10%. The experimental results show that the steerage of a high-efficiency airfoil rudder is increased by more than 40% when compared with the conventional rudder, but the total resistance is close: the error is no more than 4%. Adopting a high-efficiency airfoil rudder brings much greater lifting efficiency than the total resistance of the boat. The results show that high-efficiency airfoil rudder has obvious advantages for improving the efficiency of control, giv⁃ ing it good application prospects.


rance Daigle is a Francophone Acadian novelist, playwright, and journalist born in Moncton, New Brunswick, on 18 November 1953. Daigle obtained her BA from the Université de Moncton in 1976. She is the author of ten avant-garde novels, such as La vraie vie (1993; tr. Real Life), 1953: Chronique d'une naissance annoncée (1995; tr. 1953: Chronicle of a Birth Foretold ), and Pas pire (1998; tr. Just Fine). Her most recent novel, Pour sûr (2011), is distinguished by its bold treatment of Chiac, the spoken French dialect of Southeastern New Brunswick. Taken as a whole, Daigle's novelistic corpus displays a preoccupation with such themes as urbanity, cosmopolitanism, identity, and the minutiae of everyday life. Daigle is the recipient of numerous literary prizes, including the Prix Pascal-Poirier (1991), the Prix Éloize (1998, 2002), the Prix France-Acadie (1998), the Prix Antonine-MailletAcadie Vie (1999, 2012), and the Governor General's Literary Award (2012). I spoke to France Daigle at the Université de Moncton in May 2013. Originally conducted in French, the interview appears here in two versions: the original French and in English translation.1


In this paper we present design aspects regarding a myoelectric Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for the control of a KUKA KR15 industrial robot by using a Thalmic Labs Myo armband. To be functional, the Myo armband needs to be installed on the user's forearm in order to read and interpret the user's arm motion and gestures. Our goal is that the user should be able to control the robot's gripper position by moving his arm. This paper presents the architecture of the system, describes the subsystems and the software code that was used in order to make the system functional and analyze its performance. The results of our work are presented in the paper. In the Conclusions chapter are discussed the limitations of the system and future work.


In order to better realize the training effect of volleyball players' strength quality and accelerate the training progress of volleyball players' strength quality, this paper puts forward the planning method of volleyball players' strength quality training progress based on data mining, constructs the training management system of volleyball players' strength quality by using data mining algorithm, and excavates the evaluation indexes of volleyball players' strength quality training quality, Finally, through experiments, it is confirmed that the volleyball player strength quality training schedule planning method based on data mining has high practicability in the process of practical application and fully meets the research requirements.


The mechanism of short metallic fibre enhancing the conductivity of Ni paint, which is used to shielding against electromagnetic wave, was studied The results showed that, short metallic fibre could increase the conductivity of Ni paint in great degree, which was mainly caused by increasing the density of conductive net in the Ni paint The shielding effectiveness of composite paint was also studied and forecasted theoretically in this paper


Objective To study the relationship between the ptosis degree and the refractive state.Methods Patients data were from clinical records of 101 patients (140 eyes) that had been diagnosed with congenital ptosis between January 2006 and January 2013 in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University.There refractive state was recorded and the percentage of myopia,hyperopia and astigmatism were calculated.Ptosis was divided into three degrees:mild,moderate and severe.Relationship between the severity of ptosis and the percentage of different types of ametropia was analyzed.Results In 140 eyes diagnosed with congenital ptosis,124 of them were ametropia (124/140,88.57%).There were 33 mild degree ptosis eyes,54 moderate and 53 severe according to the ptosis degree.There were 90 myopia (90/140,64.29%),34 hyperopia (34/140,24.29%) and 105 eyes at the same time with different types of astigmatism (105/140,75.00%).In 90 myopia eyes,the mild degree ptosis was 19 cases,the moderate 35 cases,and the severe 36 cases.Studies showed that there was no statistical significance among these three situations (x2=0.959,P 0.619).In 34 hyperopia eyes,the mild degree ptosis was 8 cases,the moderate 14 cases,the severe 12 cases,there was no statistical significance among these three situations (x2=0.157,P =0.925).In 105 astigmatism eyes,the mild degree ptosis was 20 cases,the moderate 38 cases,the severe 47 cases,there was statistical significance among these three situations (x2=9.553,P =0.008).Conclusions There is a close relationship between congenial ptosis and ametropia,mainly for myopia and astigmatism.The more severe the degree of ptosis,the greater the degree of astigmatism is.

Key words:
Congenital ptosis;  Refraction;  Ptosis degree


An important issue of the UV-induced effects in germanium doped silica glasses is the long term stability. Investigations concerning the thermal stability show a major difference between effects induced by low and high intensity [1] (type I and type II). In this paper, the thermal response of UV-induced waveguides in germanium doped silica glass is investigated, as a function of UV-intensity.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and long-term outcomes of regional intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced malignant solid tumors in children.Methods During Jul 1999 and Dec 2006,regional intra-arterial chemotherapy was performed in 15 patients (aging from 0.5 to 12 years,6 males and 9 females) with advanced malignant solid tumors in various parts of their bodies.In all the eases,13 accepted preoperative treatment and 2 accepted postoperative treatment.The tumors included rhabdomyosarcoma (2 cases in pelvis,2 in vagina and 1 in bladder),endodermal sinus tumor (3 in sacroiliac and 1 in colic omentum),malignant teratoma (1 in ovary and 1 in cerebellum),desmoplastic small round cell tumor (1 in abdomen),pancreablastoma (1 in root of mesentery),ependymoma (1 in cerebellum) and dermatofibrosareoma (1 in upper arm).Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAIC) of cisplatin,pirarubicin and vindesine was performed with the doses as follows:cisplatin 80 mg/m2,pirarubicin 40 mg/m2 and vindesine 3 mg/m2.Internal lilac artery was chosen as the route of administration for tumors in pelvis,bladder and vagina,internal I|iac artery and coccygeal artery for tumors in sacroiliac,superior mesenteric artery for tumors in abdomen,branch of brachial artery for tumors in upper arm and vertebral artery for tumors in cerebellum.TAIC was repeated every 4 weeks.In the intermission of TALC,intravenous systemic chemotherapy with vindesine,VP16,and ephosphamide were administered.Results In the period of chemotherapy,no cardiotoxicity,nephrotoxicity or hepatic dysfunction were observed except for grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ bone marrow suppression.One patient with ependymoma in the cerebellum got mild hemiplegia and recovered 4 weeks later.The tumors of the 13 patients accepting preoperative treatment were significantly shrunken,localized and could be completely resected.Remnant tumors of the 2 patients who underwent postoperative TAIC disappeared with no recurrence.Thirteen patients survived during the following-up for 4.2 years (2-9 years).One patient lost follow-up.One patient died of tumor recurrence.Conclusions Regional intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced malignant solid tumors in children is feasible and effective.It can be used as preoperative treatment to reduce the tumor size,induce necrosis of the tumor and improve the radical tumor resection rates or can be used to eliminate the postoperative residual tumor to avoid recurrence and metastasis.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Chemotherapy,cancer,regional perfusion


This study is to carry out a transient flow field analysis on the condition that the wind turbine is working to generate turbine, the wind turbine operating conditions change over time. Purpose of this study tries to find out the rule from the wind turbine changing over time. In transient analysis, the wind velocity on inlet boundary and rotation speed in the rotor field will change over time, and an analytical process is provided that can be used for future reference. At present, the wind turbine model is designed on the concept of down-wind horizontal axis type. The computer engineering software GH Bladed is used to obtain the relationship between the rotor velocity and the wind turbine. Then the ANSYS engineering software is used to calculate the stress and strain distribution in the blades over time. From the analytical result, the relationship between the stress distribution in the blades and the rotor velocity is got to be used as a reference for future wind turbine structural optimization.


Reaction in the aqueous phase is often significant in emulsion polymerization systems that contain one or more water-soluble monomers. Accurate prediction of the partition of monomers between the aqueous, particle, and droplet phases is necessary for determining reaction rates, copolymer compositions, and surface properties of the latex particles. A model for predicting the partition of monomers between the various phases has been developed for an emulsion copolymer system. A method for experimentally obtaining thermodynamic interaction parameters that are often not available in the literature has also been developed


The authors present a knowledge-based approach to encouraging the reuse of existing simulation and modeling programs. To get around the problems of poor interfaces and minimal documentation, they are: treating each existing program as an operator in a planning system; creating a knowledge base describing the goals each program achieves, the pre- and post-conditions of running the program, and its I/O behavior; and developing several tools that make use of this knowledge to automate the development of new interfaces, to assist the creation of scripts that achieve high-level user goals, and to allow potential reusers to view a graphical representation of the component's role in solving high-level domain problems.<<ETX>>


A simple and new fluorescent and colorimetric probe bearing 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and 4-maleimidophenol fragments for biothiols was designed and synthesized. The probe itself showed almost no background fluorescence (ΦF < 1 × 10−4) and displayed fluorescence turn-on response with selectivity for thiols over other relevant biological species in aqueous solutions. In addition, the probe exhibited 110 nm red-shifted absorption spectra accompanied by color changes which could be obviously distinguished by the naked eye. Furthermore, the probe showed high sensitivity towards thiols with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3) and the mechanism regarding the optical responses of the probe to thiols was explained by density function theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the probe has been successfully used to image thiols in HeLa cells.


Despite substantial advances in pre- and postnatal care, the problem of preterm labour continues to be a significant medical, economic and social burden. Globally, it is estimated that 13 million babies are born preterm each year, but the incidence varies substantially between different countries and population groups. In the United States alone, approximately 11% of pregnancies, i.e. 380,000 cases annually are delivered after preterm labour and in Europe the overall incidence is believed to be approximately 6%, representing an annual population of 375,000. The main complication of very early preterm birth to the newborn is immaturity of different organs, in particular incomplete maturation of the lungs. However, a recent multi-centre surveillance study demonstrated that also modest degrees of prematurity are associated with developmental delays, implying that adequate intrauterine maturation of the fetus is vital to postnatal development.


In this issue we have several articles which review both past experiences as well as the effects of some changing policies – fitting at a time when many future development strategies are being considered as we approach 2015, and in theory the end of the current focus on the Millennium Development Goals and what may follow them. We would expect that, regardless of the headline goals agreed internationally, those whose jobs are to turn aspirational goals into real programmes will look at the evidence of what has worked in the past. International volunteering was once a core part of many official agency and UN activity in developing countries. The kudos of some of the big players has weakened in recent years, with voluntary organisations in the Netherlands (SNV) and Germany, for example, turning into quite expensive technical assistance organisations, whilst others such as APSO in Ireland have been closed by their governments, and VSO in the UK has lost much of its government funding. So the article by Benjamin J. Lough and Cliff Allum provides a timely review of international volunteering – an arena which is clearly in the process of significant changes due to "a more competitive funding environment, results-based funding, and a shift towards domestic priorities", which they see in part as a reflection of the neo-liberal development agenda. In light of critiques which argue that many developing country NGOs are rather poorly linked into their own civil societies and rather closer to international NGOs and other donors, Paolo Novak provides a survey of the historical development of Afghan NGOs over the past 30 years, looking at how local NGOs emerged alongside increased international humanitarian activity in and around Afghanistan. Novak notes that the basis of Afghan NGOs in a literate elite is probably inevitable given the history and involvement of foreign agencies in large humanitarian programmes over many years, starting from the refugee influx into Pakistan in the 1980s. Two studies have summarised experiences around key elements of African agriculture. The first, by Francis Wanyoike and Derek Baker, synthesises the evaluation of a number of livestock projects. In comparing projects they have produced some useful lessons, despite the fact, or perhaps because some 60 per cent of the projects were categorised as having not been successful. Project success was associated with size of project, diversity of direct project beneficiaries, institutional development activities, and effective monitoring and evaluation activities. The lack of reliability of government partners, and inclusion of other agricultural activities together with livestock activities, weakened their impact. A second synthetic study by Samuel Adjei-Nsiah et al., using nine studies from across Africa shows that the focus on technological change as a way of improving small-scale agriculture has often failed to live up to expectations. The authors argue that their research has shown


Taqwa A, Supriharyono, Ruswahyuni. 2013. Primary productivity analysis of phytoplankton and community structure of macrobenthos based on mangrove density in conservation area of Tarakan City, East Kalimantan. Bonorowo Wetlands 3: 30-40. The studies of phytoplankton primary productivity and macrobenthic fauna community structure in different density of mangrove were carried out from May to June 2009 in mangrove conservation area, in Tarakan, East-Kalimantan, Indonesia. Content of chlorophyll-a converted to phytoplankton primary productivity, estimated with Strickland formula. Diversity of macrozoobenthos calculated with Shannon's Index. Phytoplankton primary productivity in high, middle and low density of mangrove are range between 50.13±5.53 mgC/m3/d; 45.32±6.48 mgC/m3/d and 41.48±6.48 mgC/m3/d respectively. Shannon's index value in low, middle and high density of mangrove are 2.24-2.61; 1.33-2.51 and 1.35-2.51 respectively. The results of this study showed a strong correlation between diversity of macrozoobenthos and the density of mangrove.


The purpose of this article is to provide an overview about the Venezuelan heroic cult. From a historiographic and literary approach national history is showed as a society where heroes are very important at the level of ideological and political manipulation.


In the IGF-research project 17960N "Investigation of the influence of electrochemical migration (ECM) on the reliability of electronic assemblies after rework using lead-free solders and No-clean flux mixtures" the reliability of flux mixtures using different materials in inline assemblying and rework has been systematically studied. A zero defect production is still not fully realized in manufacturing of electronic assemblies, despite all efforts. Necessary rework and repair are often performed with other fluxes than used in inline reflow or wave soldering processes. They can be mixed and react with each other. Especially, if the used flux doesn't reach soldering peak temperature or if excess flux amount remains on the assembly after soldering, a great danger of ECM is given in particular under the influence of moisture. Using different No-clean flux materials and No-clean solder pastes for lead free application a variation of processing parameters (e.g. time, temperature) was performed. The combination of inline reflow soldering with wave soldering, selective wave soldering, manual iron soldering and rework soldering was studied with Surface Insolation Resistance (SIR) Test. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise measurements has been performed accompanying. Results show that if the flux doesn't reach the soldering temperature especially in combination with flux type L1 or M1 the danger of ECM rises. These results will help assembly manufacturers to assess their production process regarding possible danger of ECM. A recommendation for a preparation procedure of SIR Test patterns to be implemented in DIN EN standards should be worked out.


Auricular confession became a major source of contention between U.S. Catholics and Protestants in the nineteenth century. The theological battle over the sacrament of penance stemmed from the Protestant Reformation and, to some extent, reflected the theological pluralism of the pre-Council of Trent era with regard to the necessity of auricular confession and the meaning and form of absolution. In the nineteenth century, however, much of the Protestant polemic against auricular confession focused on the practice's allegedly evil moral and social consequences. By the 1830s the confessional itself came to be seen as a den of sexual exploitation and perversion and a threat to husbands, the family, and the stability of American society. Several former Catholic priests took advantage of this polemical situation and became exponents of the obscene charges, making confession itself the key to understanding the believed Catholic perversion of Christianity. Their popular public lectures across the country and their widely-distributed publications on the subject appeared credible because of their prior experiences in the Catholic Church and their inner knowledge of confessional practices. These ex-priests, turned Protestant, reinforced the anti-Catholic, Protestant crusade that emphasized the Catholic tradition's supposedly salacious elements.


Introduction: In a hospital service, there must be a superior service that can be used as a weapon in capturing patients in carrying out treatment through doctor referrals, in this case the presence of CBCT services. Word of Mouth (WOM) occurs when customers talk to others about their opinion about a particular brand, product, service or company to others. There are several factors that are believed to increase the desire of a referring dentist to do word of mouth, including the quality of the CBCT product itself, loyalty and the level of trust of a dentist as a consumer. Objective: The study aimed to examine the relationship between product quality, customer trust, and customer loyalty with word of mouth on CBCT services. Method: The descriptive study was undergone with cross-sectional approach. A total of 134 dentists as were selected using the systematic random sampling. The linear regression was used to analyze the data to test between the dependent and independent variables. Results: The findings showed that there are significantly associated between the product quality, customer trust, and customer loyalty to word of mouth of customer for using the CBCT services. Recommendation: Further researchers need to develop path analysis or SEM methods to predict the word of mouth of customer for using the CBCT services


This paper reports on luminescence property of the Er3+-Dy3+ co-doped tellurite glasses. The samples are studied by absorption and visible emission spectra. The measured emission spectrum of Er3+-Dy3+ glass has revealed luminescence bands of both Er3+ and Dy3+ when pumping with the wavelength of 325 nm. The concentration quenching occurred as Dy3+ concentration increased beyond 3 mol%. The characteristic emission band of Er3+ was influenced by the Dy3+ concentration increasing. The energy transfer (ET) process between Er3+ and Dy3+ occurred. The chromaticity coordinates of these samples are close to white light, which implies that the glasses might be a potential candidate for white lighting through an appropriate combination.


The effect of surfactant and ultrasonic wave on aspartase in E.coli was investigated. The results indicated that the activity of aspartase was up to 313000 u/g wet cell by using the surfactant, exceeding 160000 u/g wet cell reported in the literatures. The optimal range of surfactant concentration was 0.16% to 0.58%. The enzyme activity of aspartase was up to 300000u/g wet cell by using the ultrasonic wave. The conditions were 7 KHz in intensity and 5min in time respectively.


Constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs) are generally more challenging than unconstrained problems. This in part can be attributed to the infeasible region generated by the constraint functions, the interaction between constraints and objectives, or both. In this article, we explore the relationship between the performance of constrained multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) and the instance characteristics of CMOP using instance space analysis (ISA). To do this, we extend recent work on Landscape Analysis features for characterizing CMOPs. Specifically, we introduce new features to describe the multiobjective-violation landscape, formed by the interaction between constraint violation and multiobjective fitness. The detailed evaluation of the algorithm footprints, spanning eight CMOP benchmark suites and 15 CMOEAs, demonstrates that ISA effectively captures the strength and weakness of the CMOEAs. We conclude that two characteristics, the isolation of nondominate set and the correlation between constraints and objectives evolvability, have the greatest impact on algorithm performance. However, the current benchmarks problems lack of diversity to represent the real-world problems and to fully reveal the efficacy of CMOEAs evaluated.


In this paper, we present a locally controllable liquid crystal lens array for a partially switchable 2D/3D display, from which 2D images without resolution degradation and 3D images can simultaneously emerge. The liquid crystal (LC) lens has the advantages of low driving voltages (<;6 Vrms) and a simple structure for which the fabrication only requires two photolithography processes. A partial lens array can be formed arbitrarily using a passive driving method. Finally, we demonstrate a 3.5-in partially switchable 2D/3D display that can present partial 3D images with 10.8% crosstalk and partial 2D images without resolution degradation.