A persimmon oil sponge cake is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials according to part by weight: 100 g of japonica rice powder, 300 g of sticky rice, 150 g of red beans, 250 g of persimmon juice, 50 g of sesames, 20 g of shelled melon seeds, 200 g of white granulated sugar, and 100 g of lard oil (leaf fat). A method for preparing the persimmon oil sponge cake comprises the following steps of: pouring the japonica rice powder and the sticky rice into a jar, adding the white granulated sugar and 250 g of persimmon juice as well as 100 g of clear water to the jar, and stirring the mixture evenly and thoroughly rubbing the mixture so that the mixture is not sticky as large agglomerates; and taking out of 1/4 of powder and evenly blending the rest powder with the cooked red beans; 2, pouring the blended cooked red beans into a food steamer and flatly spreading the blended cooked red beans with the thickness of 0.35 cm, and evenly scattering sugar leaf fat dices (formed by mixing the lard oil with the white granulated sugar through stirring) thereon; completely pouring and flatly spreading the rest red-bean rice powder, and then spreading the rice powder not mixed with the red beans thereon, and scattering the sesames and the shelled melon seeds on the rice powder, thereby forming a sponge cake green body; and 3, sprinkling clear water to the sponge cake green body, putting the sponge cake green body in the food steamer and steaming for about 7 minutes with boiling water by using big fire; when the cake powder becomes light red, putting the rest sugar leaf fat dices on the cake powder surface, and continuing to steam for 2 minutes, thereby obtaining the finished persimmon oil sponge cake; taking down the persimmon oil sponge cake and pouring the persimmon oil sponge cake on a board, taking another board and turning over the persimmon oil sponge cake so that the front surface of the persimmon oil sponge cake is upwards.


Welding arc spectral information is a rising welding information source.In some occa- sion,it can reflect many physical phenomena of welding process and solve many problems that cannot be done with arc electric information,acoustic information and other arc information.It is of important significance in developing automatic control technique of welding process and other similar process.Many years study work on welding are spectral information of thc anthor are dis- cussed from three aspects of theory,method and application.Basic theory,view and testing methods of welding arc spectral information has been put forward.In application aspects,many applied ex- amples,for example,monitoring of harmful gases in arc(such as hydrogen and nitrogen)with the method of welding arc spectral information;welding arc spectral imaging of the welding pool which is used in automatic seam tracking;controlling of welding droplet transfer with welding arc spectral information and so on,are introduced.Especially,the successful application in real time controlling of welding droplet transfer in pulsed GMAW is introduced too.These application examples show that the welding arc spectral information has great applied significance and development potentiali- ties.These content will play an important role in applying and spreading welding arc spectral infor- mation technology.


Recent studies on English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) classroom interaction have begun to look at the role of translanguaging as a pedagogical practice in supporting participants to exploit multilingual and multimodal resources to facilitate content teaching and learning. The present study contributes to this growing body of literature by focusing on playful talk in multiple languages and modalities in EMI mathematics classrooms in a secondary school in Hong Kong. Based on the data collected from a linguistic ethnography, we analyze how the teacher constructs playful talk in order to achieve various pedagogical goals including building rapport, facilitating content explanation and promoting meaningful communication with students. The analysis demonstrates that translanguaging appears to be a critical resource and that several social factors, including the teacher's personal belief, history, sociocultural, and pedagogical knowledge, play a role in constructing playful talk. The playful talk transforms the classroom into a translanguaging space, which in turn allows the teacher and students to perform a range of creative acts and experiment with a variety of voices to facilitate the meaning making and knowledge construction processes.


leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) is one of the cytokine which had wide biological activity.LIF can arrest proliferation,induce differentiation and accelerate apoptosis to some leukemia cells.There are some relations between the expression of LIF and state of patient with leukemia.The expression of LIF is affected by many factors.LIF can be applied in diagnosis and treatment in leukemia.To analyses,study and summarize the data by searching for correlative reference,this article reviews the previous researches on the effects and impact of LIF on leukemia cells.


Adhesion of the release performance when the semiconductor wafers to be peeled off even if bakhyeongin, a holding power and a semiconductor chip obtained by dicing at the time of dicing the art thin the semiconductor wafer to the adhesive layer and the integral, the chip on a semiconductor chip this is not the low-staining of the balance characteristics of excellent antifouling semiconductor chip is to provide a new high for a semiconductor device for producing film. A semiconductor device used in the manufacture of a semiconductor device for producing a film, the base material layer and the substrate layer, and the second is formed on the first adhesive layer, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on, and the pre-curing radiation-curing by irradiation with radiation a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a semiconductor device for producing a film having an adhesive layer formed on the second adhesive layer.


The present invention relates to an exhaust gas control system (1) and an exhaust gas control method. Exhaust gas control system (1) having an exhaust gas throttle valve (4) and the exhaust gas throttle valve (4) an exhaust gas passage (5), the actuating means (6) with an actuating lever (7). Exhaust gas pressure regulating means (8) regulating the exhaust pressure of the exhaust gas throttle valve (5) in an exhaust gas passage (4) upstream occur (P1). Further the actuator rod (7) having a control actuator (9), the regulator (10) for co-action mechanism and the pressure compensation volume. A pressure compensation volume (10) where the exhaust gas throttle valve (4) upstream of the orifice (11) pneumatically connected.


This document is an extension of the article written by Loi and Cournede (DMTCS, 2008). This article shows the relationship between stochastic L-Systems and a simplified GreenLab growth model with only branching and differentiation. By writing the probability generating function corresponding to each phenomenon and by compounding them, we get the expected values of the numbers of metamers of each type in the whole plant. In this report, we recall the main results of this article. In addition, we show how to derive the generating function in the general case when growth units contain a random number of metamers. We also get a recursive equation to compute the variance of the numbers of metamers of each type in the plant. Finally, we illustrate the results throughout Monte-Carlo simulations in four cases. Key-words: Stochastic L-system, multitype branching process, phase-type, generating functions, plant development, plant growth models, GreenLab in ria -0 03 59 51 5, v er si on 1 10 F eb 2 00 9 GreenLab development model and stochastic L-systems 3


In this paper, firstly we describe the piracy problem of embedded products. Then we formulate the security features of anti-piracy embedded products. Finally we prove that the anti-piracy measure using encryption of embedded products may mitigate the security strength.


GEO SAR (Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar) has great potential for SAR tomography applications because it can obtain large amounts of data from the same scene due to the advantage of one-day revisit time. In this paper, we analyze the performance index of GEO SAR tomography in squint mode, and design the orbital elements of satellites at different inclination angles according to the performance requirements. The results show that the squint mode does not affect the perpendicular baseline of GEO SAR, but it can lead to the decrease of ambiguous height. GEO SAR tomography can be realized by adjusting the semi-major axis. The higher the inclination, the greater the adjustment amount of the semi-major axis.


over all world,thecommunity is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition characterized by persistent nutritional deficiencies or increasing overweight and obesity rate which is one of important challenge that need to change in food habit and life style toward healthy diet and regular physical exercise. In Iraq this problem is not fixed,but according to Stepwise Surveillance of Chronic NCD Risk Factor 2006 the overweight and obesity rate was 67% (34 % overweight,32 % obesity). This study aimed to estimate the describe BMI status andcharacteristics factor that associated with overweight and obesity.A file base descriptive cross sectional study conducted in 2016. Files of adults aged >18 years attended the Nutritional clinic during 2014 were reviewed. Demographics characteristics and BMI status considered and presented as percentage. Mean of age computed and some variables crosstab with BMI classification recommended by WHO. Statistical significant considered when p value ≤ 0.05.A total study sample were 722,Male to female ratio was 1:6,and the mean of age was 32.8 ± 9.9. About 20.5% was normal BMI while the overweight and obesity was 79.5%. The study showed that the overweight and obesity rate was higher in female than male (88.2 % vs. 21.8%,p value > 0.001).it is also higher in married status than single (81.7% vs. 18.3%,p > 0.001). Basic educational level had high overweight and obesity rate which was 46.1% with statistical significant association (p value = 0.05). We conclude that the overweight and obesity rate was high among female, married and persons have basic educational level in Iraqi community.


The invention relates to a dibenzoxazine containing an oxazole ring and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following two steps of: 1: mixing ortho-aminophenol hydrochloride and para-hydroxybenzoic acid, adding polyphosphoric acid as a solvent, reacting at 60-180 DEG C for 24-60 hours, and washing by using deionized water, filtering and drying to obtain diphenol containing an oxazole ring structure; and 2: mixing the diphenol containing the oxazole ring structure, phenylamine and paraformaldehyde, reacting at 80-110 DEG C for 40-80 minutes, then filtering and precipitating, washing 4-8 times by using alkali liquor, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain the product. The dibenzoxazine disclosed by the invention has the advantages of very good mechanical property because the high temperature resistant oxazole ring structure is introduced to a benzoxazine molecule structure, dielectric constant of only 1.6-2.3, simple process, lower equipment requirement and suitability for large-scale production.


Summary The reconstruction of the climatic and environmental history along the East Antarctic coastal regions is mainly based on investigations of geomorphological features and of biological proxies in lacustrine and marine sediment sequences. Although some consistencies in the onset and duration of warm and cold periods after deglaciation apparently exist, some records indicate significant differences from other records close by. These differences may partly be explained by dating uncertainties, overprinting of local factors, or possibly even misinterpretations of the proxies used. A comparison with the climate histories deduced from ice core records reveals, however, that the differences have at least partly to be caused by local effects and small-scale variations, which still need to be better understood and demonstrate the need of further research.


Purpose of the study: The strategic and learning media course in the Informatics Engineering Education department for pre-service student teachers apply a blended learning method. The purpose of this method is to integrate between face-to-face meetings in the classroom and distance learning by using internet-based Learning Management System (LMS) media. This study aims to determine the perceptions of the informatics' pre-service student teacher, which utilize the Google Classroom LMS.
Methodology: The research method used online questionnaires and divergent questionnaires were analyzed with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach and descriptive statistics. The factor analysis included the ease of access, perception of usefulness, communication and interaction, a perception of lecture delivery, student comfortability, and the effectiveness of the Google Classroom LMS.
Main Findings: The results showed that most students felt the ease and improvement of the quality of the blended lectures using Google Classroom, although several notes needed further improvement and evaluation.
Practical Implications: The findings suggest that the stakeholders of teacher training and education faculty could measure the level of perceivers and readiness of their pre-service student teachers on using Google Classroom in a blended-setting course. Further, the pre-service student teachers have experience in using this LMS so that they could apply this learning model for their students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This article found that students feel the satisfaction of using Google Classroom as an active and independent learning tool. This study also demonstrated consistency based on observations, surveys, and analysis of college students' perceptions that the design of blended learning by using Google Classroom is still beneficial to the success of reaching the course outcomes.


Presentation of Case A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She was well until four years earlier, when she began to experien...


Objective The present study is to explore the safe of chemotherapeutic hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion by using the HGGZ-102 hyperthermic perfusion machine.Methods Eighteen majority medical fitness mongrel canines were randomly divided into three groups: Group A(gastrojejunostomy or colocolic anastomosis+CHIP),Group B(only CHIP) and group C(only gastrojejunostomy or colocolic anastomosis).Continues CHIP was performed over 60 minutes on postoperative canines in anaesthesia.The changes of inferior segment of esophagus,heart rate(HR),respire(R),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and central venous pressure(CVP) were observed.In addition,the temperature of physic liquor,perfusion and take suction were recorded.While white blood cell(WBC),platelet(PLT),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(Cr) and carbon dioxide combining power(CO_2CP) in preoperative and on day 1,day 3,day 5,day 7 and day 14 were detected and further assayed;The changes of histomorphology consisting of peritoneum and tissue of anastomotic stoma was observed with light microscope right after CHIP in group A,B,group C.The same procedure was carried out 14 days later.Results The temperature of inferior segment of esophagus was significantly increased at 60min.The temperature of physic liquor was significant higher than that of perfusion.The temperature of perfusion was becoming significantly increased at 5min(P0.05).The WBC,PLT,ALT,AST,Cr and CO_2CP of preoperative and postoperative had no significant changes.Only lightly peritoneum dropsy and infiltrate slight phlegmasia were observed postoperatively and 14 days later.There were no significant differences among groups.Small elcosis in tissue of anastomotic stoma and exudation of surface were also observed.Conclusions Chemotherapentic Hyperthermic Intraperitoned Perfusion(CHIP) at ~44℃ is feasible,easy to perform,and relatively safe on canine by using the machine.


Previous studies showed that human follicular fluid (hFF) from gonadotrophin stimulated cycles contained two glycoproteins, named as ZIF‐1 and ZIF‐2, that reduced the zona binding capacity of spermatozoa. The present study showed that the spermatozoa–zona pellucida binding inhibitory activity was also present in hFF from natural cycle. Using the hemizona binding assay, the inhibitory effect of ZIF‐1 on the zona binding capacity of spermatozoa was dose‐dependent. The effect of ZIF‐2 was also dose‐dependent, in the range of 10–100 ng/ml. The inhibitory effects of both ZIF‐1 and ‐2 increased with the duration of the spermatozoa–ZIF interaction. The effect of the former was present up to 120 min incubation, whilst that of latter occurred for the first 90 min. The zona binding inhibitory effect of ZIF‐1 and ‐2 was additive when they were used together to treat the spermatozoa. The biological activity of ZIFs on other sperm parameters that might affect spermatozoa–zona pellucida binding was also investigated. ZIF‐1 did not affect the acrosomal status of human spermatozoa while ZIF‐2 significantly increased the number of acrosome reacted spermatozoa in the range of 0.1–10 μg. However, the increase in the incidence of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa after ZIF‐2 treatment could not totally account the inhibitory effect of ZIF‐2 on zona binding. Both glycoproteins did not affect the motility of human spermatozoa. Radioactively‐labelled ZIFs bound to human spermatozoa. Unlabelled ZIF displaced the bound radioactivity of spermatozoa treated with the corresponding labelled ZIF. These suggested the presence of specific binding sites of ZIFs on human spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 205–212, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Assam the centre of NorthEast India is a highly fascinated state with play to with biodiversity and wealth of natural resource. Lakhimpur is an administrative district in the state of Assam, India. Its headquarter is North Lakhimpur. Lakhimpur district is surrounded by North by Siang and Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh and on the East by Dhemaji District and Subansiri River. The geographical location of the district is 26.48' and 27.53' Northern latitude and 93.42' and 94.20' East longitude (approx.). Their existence of rare variety of insects and plants, orchids along various wild animals, birds. And the rest of the jungle and sanctuaries of Assam exerts a great contribution to deliberation of human civilization s. Among all these a peculiar kind of silkworm "Mua" sensitive by nature, rare and valuable living species that makes immense impact on the economy of the state of Assam and Lakhimpur district and paving the way for the muga industry. A Muga silkworm plays an important role in Assamsese society and culture. It also has immense impacts on Assams economy and also have an economic impacts on the people of Lakhimpur district which are specially related with muga rearing activities. Decades are passes away; the demand of Muga is increasing day by day not only in Assam but also in other countries. But the ratio of muga silk production and its demand are disproportionate. It is not increasing with respect to its demand. Keyword: Muga, Rearers, Economic Impact, Lakhimpur, Assam. ————————————————————


This article looks at Aboriginal history and historiography in western Canada through the lens of one scholar's close involvement with these fields since the 1980s. In recent years, these areas have achieved new visibility and standing on the Canadian Prairies with respect to numbers of courses offered and professors hired. In turn, new texts and readings have appeared as publishers responded to rising demands for scholarly and teaching materials. Yet this growth also highlights issues of stereotyping, voice, mediation, representation, and appropriation that every teacher and scholar, Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal, must face: Who speaks for whom, in whose language, and with what evidence and authority? Asymmetries of power are endemic between and within communities (and not just along ethnic lines), often displacing local voices and local knowledge. Complex issues likewise surround language, translation, and material culture: the problems of recording, transcribing, and editing texts from oral to written forms, the transforming and obscuring effects of translation and writing, and the contesting claims that often swirl around texts and objects. Historians can neither avoid nor resolve all these issues, but we can play useful roles in the retrieval and repatriation of knowledge and texts that have often been alienated from their originating communities, in helping to counter the erosion of Aboriginal languages and oral memories, and in assisting cross-generational communications among students and elders both in universities and in communities.


ABSTRACT Carbon black microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@CB) was synthesized to enhance the interfacial compatibility, mechanical property and flame retardancy of polyurethane (TPU). The chemical structure of APP@CB hybrids were characterized by Raman spectra and scanning electron microscope. Compared with APP flame retardant TPU composite, the tensile strength of TPU composite containing APP@2CB increased by 23%, and the smoke density approximately decreased by 46%. This is owing to the strong interaction between the CB and TPU in TPU4 (flame retardant by APP@2CB) composite. Furthermore, the TPU4 composite restrained the smoke and toxic volatiles evolved, indicating suppressed toxicity of the TPU composites. Graphical abstract


THE IMPERIAL VACCINATION LEAGUE. T'HE following letter appeared in the Time8 of August iith London has within the last ten months suffered from a severe epidemic of small-pox. It has cost the community more than I,500 lives, 7,500 other people have been more or less seriously ill, and probably of these a large proportion remain permanently disfigured. The cost of attempting to isolate the sufferers has been over £Soo,ooo, the labour of the attempt enormous, and the success far from complete. In the German Empire for the past 25 years there has been very little epidemic small-pox, though the disease has been frequently introduced into the frontier towns and districts. In I899, for instance, in a population of s4,ooo,ooo, the deaths from small-pox were 28; they occurred in 21 separate districts, and 7 of the 28 were those of children below the age for vaccination. The absence of epidemics is the result of the population being, with very few exceptions, adequately protected by vaccination and revaccination at school age. We desire to see this country protected as thoroughly against epidemic small-pox as Germany is; and with this object in view the Imperial Vaccination League has been formed, with the Duke of Fife as its president, to promote the study of the laws regulating vaccination and to consider if in any way the vaccination law itself or its administration admits of improvement. The Vaccination Act of 1898 will expire at the end of 1903, and legislation of some kind will be necessary next year. We admit with much satisfaction that the clause in the 1898 Act which allowed the " conscientious objector " to expose his children to the risk of taking small-pox in the presence of infection has worked on the whole less disastrously than was expected. The number of children exempted from vaccination under this clause in the three years I898, 1899, and I900 was 275,593; but this represented the arrears of many years. The number of children, born in the three years, who have escaped vaccination from all causes has diminished considerably as the result of the Act of I898. We do not, therefore, propose to urge the abolitioxi of the " conscientions objector " clause. We consider, however, that the clause should be worked in strict conformity with the spirit and letter of the law. The League desires mainly to assist the community to study carefully certain other possible amendments of the Vaccination Act of I898. Among them we place in the first rank the necessity for obligatory revaccination of school children at a specified age. It is to the universal practice of revaccination at school age, since the law of April 8th, 1874, came into force, that the freedom of Germany in recent years from epidemic small-pox must be assigned. The League also proposes to formulate the best expert opinion as to whether the administration of the vaccination law is best left where it is now, in the hands of the Poor-law authorities; or whether rapidity of action in the presence of smell-pox would not be promoted by placing it in the hands of the sanitary authority of each district; or, finally, whether it would not be advisable to create a special central department expressly to carry out a measure of such Imperial importance as the vaccination law. The League will also consider if the entire supply of glycerinated calf-lymph should not be guaranteed and regulated by some public authority. In Germany for 55,000,000 of people there are 22 State laboratories for the preparation of lymph. In Great Britain and Ireland for 40,000,000 of people we bave but one. Private practitioners have to trust to the vendors of lymph, without any guarantee as to its age or quality. If a central authority for vaccination were established under the Local Government Board, the provision of an adequate amount of lymph to meet all ordinary demands would be an important part of its duties. The League desires to see " efficient vaccination " defined in the Act of 1903, and that all certificates of vaccination should show if the vaccination has been "efficient" or not. The present state of the law makes it possible for ignorant parents to get their children vaccinated in a way which provides very inadequate protection. The League will put the opinion arrived at on these points before members of both Houses of Parliament. It will assist ministers of all denominations and other persons working among the poor, or interested in the question, to make known, by means of literature, parish lectures, meetings, etc., the necessity for and value of vaccination and revaccination. It will encourage the establishment of branches all over the country in support of vaccination. The League cannot work without funds. It must have an office and a secretary, and it must spend money on printing and advertising, and on holding meetings. The literature distributed by the League will be mainly sold at cost price, but many cases will undoubtedly arise in which it will be necessary to give it away. We venture to ask for the League the active support of all who feel that it is a reproach to this country to lag so far behind Germany in the prevention of small-pox epidemics. We believe that much may be done by legislative improvements and by the education of public opinion in support of vaccination. Cheques and postal orders (crossed to the bankers of the league, Messrs. Robarts, Lubbock, and Co.) may be sent to the hon. secretary, Mrs. Garrett Anderson, M.D., or to the secretary, Dr. Edward J. Edwardes, at the offlice of the League, 53, Berners Street, W.-We are, etc., F. CANTUAR. A. F. LONDON. NORTHUMBBERLAND. KELVIN. WESTMINSTER. AVEBURY. W. H. BROADBENT. CHELMSFORD. TREVOR LAWRENCE. JAMES BLYTH. CLAUDE G. MONTEFIORE. C. THOMAS DYKE ACLAND. H. TRUEMAN WOOD. JOHN C. M'VAIL. JOHN BATTY TUKE. FREDERICK POLLOCK. JAMES CRICHTON-BROWNE. R. BRUDENELL CARTER. EDWARD ROFFEN. C. G. STEPNEY. R. W. FORREST, D.D., Dean of Worcester. WILLIAM SINCLAIR, Archdeacon of London. J. MONRO GIBSON. H. ADLER, Chief Rabbi. THOMAs ALLEN. DAVID BROOK. W. S. CHURCH. H. G. HOWSE. JONATHAN HUTCHINSON. VICTOR HORSLEY. London, Aug. 7th. On the following day Dr. Edward J. Edwardes, Secretary of the League, intimated that the name of Cardinal Vaughan was accidentally omitted from the list of signatures, adding that but for the absence of his Eminence, who is one of the Vice-Presidents of the League, from England, his name would have appeared among the rest, next to that of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Another Vice-President, Dr. Lefroy, Dean of Norwich, had also instructed him by letter from Switzerland to append his name.


For DNA isolation silica or cobalt ferrite (unmodified or
covered with different reagents) particles were used.The size
of particles ranged from 100 to 300 nm. Genomic DNAs from
Lactococcus and Lactobacillus cells were isolated under high
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sodium chloride concentrations.
The quality of isolated DNA was tested with PCR amplification.


Simple Summary The weaning process can be detrimental to piglets and often leads to low feed intake, low weight gain, diarrhea, and eventually increased mortality. Resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) is an innovative natural feed ingredient that contains 90% fatty acids, mostly linoleic and oleic, pinolenic acids, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). It also contains 9% active component resin acid (RA), mostly abietic and dehydroabietic, and pimaric acids. It possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and has been used in feed to improve performance in pigs. We hypothesized that RAC supplementation to sow and piglet diets might modulate intestinal microbiota, and improve post-weaning growth and reduce post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) and gut inflammation. Sow diets were supplemented with RAC from the last six weeks of gestation until weaning, and piglets were fed RAC trough creep feed and post weaning feed until seven weeks of age. Results indicated that supplementing sow and piglet diets with RAC during late gestation, lactation and at post weaning modulates gut microbiota, reduces inflammatory biomarkers, improves growth performance of post-weaning piglets, and prevents PWD in weaned piglets. Considering these results, RAC supplementation represents a potential strategy to improve piglet growth performance, and is a natural alternative to antibiotics for preventing PWD. Abstract The weaning process represents a delicate phase for piglets, and is often characterized by lower feed intake, lower weight gain, diarrhea, and ultimately increased mortality. We aimed to determine the effects of RAC supplementation in diets on improving piglet growth and vitality, reducing post-weaning diarrhea, and enhancing gut health. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, we selected forty sows and their piglets. Piglets were followed until seven weeks of age. There were no significant differences found between RAC treated and control piglets until weaning (p = 0.26). However, three weeks after weaning, RAC treated piglets had higher body weight and average daily growth (ADG) than the control piglets (p = 0.003). In addition, the piglets that received RAC after weaning, irrespective of mother or prior creep feed treatment, had lower post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) and fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) level than control piglets. Gut microbiota analysis in post-weaning piglets revealed that RAC supplementation significantly increased Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Blautia, Butyricicoccus, Gemmiger and Holdemanella, and decreased Bacteroidales_unclassified. Overall, RAC supplementation to piglets modulated post-weaning gut microbiota, improved growth performance after weaning, reduced post-weaning diarrhea and reduced fecal myeloperoxidase levels. We therefore consider RAC to be a potential natural feed supplement to prevent enteric infections and improve growth performance in weaning piglets.


This passage from Robert Burs, bard of Scotland, came to America and to me via my maternal grandfather, David Hamilton, a Kansas farmer, who was fond of reciting it (neither knowing nor caring about its exact origin; it was just a "Scottish saying") on the occasion of some slip of vanity, foolishness, or insensitivityqualities he did not view kindly. My earliest memory of hearing this aphorism was one summer day when my mother, aged fortyish, appeared at the milk barn dressed in shorts and a skimpy halter. Long "citified" and happily departed from rural life, she thought nothing of her costume as anything other than appropriate for a hot August day. In the course of events, my grandfather, my mother and I went into the horse stall to saddle the mare so that I could go out to bring in the cows for milking. While we were saddling the mare ("Mickey"), she apparently found the flesh of my mother's upper arm irresistible or offensive and took a firm bite. All hell broke loose. My mother yelled and swore and scared the horse. The saddle, not yet properly cinched, slipped to the mare's side, causing her (unusually gentle under normal circumstances) to jump and thrash about, scaring all of us from the stall. The first words uttered by my grandfather were those of the passage cited above. I remember this event vividly, for I wondered at that time what on earth this strange


less cautious on the matter.) My joint work with Donald MacKenzie is just as explicit on these points; see, for example, MacKenzie and Barnes, 'Biometriker versus Mendelianer: Eine Kontroverse und ihre Erklarung', K5lner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Special Issue No. 18 (1975), 190. 42. Woolgar, op. cit. note 31, 370. 43. The overall approach to this is set out in Barnes, op. cit. note 16. 44. Woolgar, op. cit. note 31, 370. 45. Ibid., 384. This is artfully presented by Woolgar as the 'typical' method of fact production in science, even as the correct model of what goes on, in contrast to an allegedly incorrect model employed by MacKenzie. But even in Woolgar's terms of reference here (which are strange ones for him to use), the 'typical' method is arrived at by induction from one instance. 46. Woolgar, op. cit. note 31, 371-72. 47. D. L. Wieder, Language and Social Reality (The Hague: Mouton, 1976). 48. Cf. Woolgar, op. cit. note 31, 371-72. 49. Ibid., 370-71. 50. Garfinkel, op. cit. note 3, viii, where 'free invention, constructive analytic theorising, mockups, or book reviews' are all dismissed as irrelevant to ethnomethodological tasks. 51. I do not believe, either, that the individual's behaviour cannot feed back upon his desire: for example, there is always the Klingsor strategy.


Dielectric tests have usually simple sometimes rudimentary procedures, in spite of the consequences they may have on the dimensioning of an H.V. apparatus. This situation contradicts the general trend of the modern industry that requires the certification of its test laboratories, in the frame of a global quality system. To attain a quality level, three different aspects should be considered in a test : the procedures, the measurement of concerned quantities and the processing of the instrument readings that, taking into account uncertainties and tolerances, give the final test result, according to the existing standards. The new IEC publications on high voltage measuring systems have put well defined requirements for these devices, requiring the determination of the effects of almost all their influence quantities. At the contrary, many sources of uncertainty remain in the test procedures, being still not well defined the effects of the test object layout, of the ambient conditions and stress application. The correction factors that are indicated for atmospheric conditions are vague and often unapplicable. A deeper knowledge of the dielectric phenomena involved in a test is therefore required, in order to produce better specifications. It should be also necessary to have standard that coordinate uncertainties and tolerances, taking into account their effects on the costs of an apparatus and on its test.


A new method for constructing three phase analog oscillators is suggested and dealt with. The new method is essentially an extension into the three phase domain of methods known previously for the generation of sinewaves in two phases. An electronic realization of the method has resulted in a successful instrument whose performance is tested in the present paper.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore the nonfinancial drivers of value creation that influence an investment decision and present a set of drivers that contribute with a useful integrated reporting to its providers of financial capital using evidence from Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a systematic literature review in the Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases in the period from 2005 to 2020. Interpretive content analysis is used in 42 documents identified to explore nonfinancial drivers to demand by providers of financial capital, which are classified according to the capitals nonfinancial suggested by the integrated report (IR). Then, the results are evaluated by Brazilian professional investors in a focus group.

Findings
The members of the focus group do not consider the IR relevant to investment decision and neither the information about natural capital nor social capital. They highlighted two nonfinancial drivers of value not identified in the previous literature.

Research limitations/implications
The focus group is limited by subjects' availability and by the participants' number. But its results represent initial discussions on the subject in the Brazilian context.

Practical implications
The results of this study have value, principally, to investors, target audience of IR, because it aligns your demands with the IRs content, improving its usefulness.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first study to investigate the perception of Brazilian professional investors about the importance of the IR in investment decision-making and to identify content relevant to the financial capital provider's investment decision, which can improve the usefulness of IR.


Objective: Evaluating the use of an educational game about children's respiratory diseases by community healthcare agents (CHAs) in the Family Health Program. Methods: This is a descriptive, intervention study, with the application of the game to 101 CHAs in Passos-MG. The game was structured with cases of children and families and their respective answer sheets. For evaluation, a test about the topic was applied before and after the intervention. Results: Correct answers in the test increased from 59.5% to 79.3% after participating in the game, which corresponds to a 20% increase. Conclusion: The increase in the CHA's knowledge, revealed after the intervention, indicates


In order to study the immunoprotective efficacy of a M2e-based recombinant subunit vaccine against avian influenza A virus in chickens,three tandem copies of M2e were obtained from a plasmid pGEM-T-1459 containing M2e gene,then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-C2x.After being identified by restrictive enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) competent cells.The transformed bacteria were induced by IPTG and produced a soluble fusion protein(MBP-3M2e).The expressed recombinant protein of 60ku in mass was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot.The SPF chickens were immunized with the purified MBP-3M2e protein.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the purified fusion protein possessed good immunogenicity.


This work explores the vibrational state-selective photoassociation (PA) in the ground state of the HX (X = F, Cl, I) molecule by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. For the three systems, the vibrational level of v=17 is set to be the target state and the PA probability of the target state is calculated and compared by considering different initial collision momentums. It is found that the PA probabilities are in accordance with Franck–Condon overlap integral for the HI and HCl systems, but it is not the case for the HF system. Moreover, for the HF system, it is shown that the PA probability of the target state is largest and the multiphoton transition is more likely to occur.


Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) are being designed to deliver multiple services and applications, such as voice communications (VoIP), standard and high-definition video (STV and HDTV), video conferencing (interactive video) and data traffic access network. However, most of the current work focuses on inter-ONU dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms. In this paper, we concentrate on the intra-ONU bandwidth allocation for different classes of services. We present a new intra-ONU scheduling scheme based on the Deficient Weighted Round Robin (DWRR) scheduling to achieve adaptive fairness among different classes of services. We validate our reasoning by measuring both the end-to-end delay of different traffic along with the jitter performance of high priority traffic using extensive simulation experiments.


Microalgae are one of the natural resources that have high potential as a source of biofuels, one of them is the marine microalgae Melosira sp. . The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing temperature and nitrate concentration on the abundance, growth rate, biomass, organic C-content and free fatty acids of Melosira sp. . A Completely Randomized Design was used for this experiment with four temperature treatments and three nitrate concentrations treatments  in microalgae test planting media. The test microalgae were cultured for 21 days, while the abundance of Melosira sp. .was carried out every 3rd day, while for other parameters measurements were made at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the increasing in temperature and nitrate concentration in culture media significantly affected the abundance of Melosira sp. . Meanwhile, the results of statistical analysis showed that the increase in temperature and concentration of culture media did not have a significant effect on biomass except at 30°C treatment, the dry weight of Melosira sp. was only significantly different between the nitrate concentrations of 0.0 g/L and 0.4 g/L. For the content of C-organic and free fatty acids generally showed a significant difference between treating temperature and nitrate concentration in the culture media.


An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing Such a dry lithographic printing master plate that has eliminated uneven plate performance and more Specifically that provides a stable adhesiveness between a heat-Sensitive layer and a Silicone rubber layer as well as a high aging Stability of a coating Solution. Provided is a method for preparing a master plate useful for making a dry lithographic printing plate comprising at least a heat Sensitive layer and a Silicone rubber layer which are Stacked in this order on a Substrate, Said method comprising the Steps of: (1) dissolving a diorgano-polysiloxane and a curing catalyst in a Solvent; (2) dissolving a cross-linking agent in a Solvent; (3) mixing the Solution obtained in the step (1) with the Solution obtained in the step (2); and (4) applying the mixture obtained in the step (3) over the heat-sensitive layer to thereby form the silicone rubber layer.


Fifty years ago, Tim Eiloart and David Southward, two entrepreneurs in Cambridge, England, started a technology consulting company called Cambridge Consultants to "put the brains of Cambridge University at the disposal of British industry." In the process, they laid the foundations of what has come to be known as the Cambridge Phenomenon, a culture of entrepreneurship and collaboration between industry and academia that has produced a remarkable cluster of technology and biotechnology companies and created some of the United Kingdom's most important companies. But as the Cambridge Phenomenon enters its second half-century, the companies and individuals who contributed so much energy to it face an economic crisis that has constrained funding and a rapidly evolving technological context. The question is where does Cambridge go from here? In October 2010, many of the city's prime movers met at a conference to celebrate the successes of the first fifty years and consider the shape of the next. The Context The Cambridge Phenomenon sprang from a history of entrepreneurship in the city, the proximity of one of the world's best universities, and a couple of key decisions that enabled industry and academia to work closely together: the foundation in 1970 of the Cambridge Science Park (http://www.cambridge-science-park.com/home.htm) and the launch in 1988 of St John's Innovation Centre to host early-stage companies. Around 40,000 people in Cambridge are now employed in a cluster of 1,500 high-tech and service companies, some of which have become billion-dollar businesses. ARM Holdings, which designs the world's most widely used microprocessor, began in Cambridge, as did $6 billion software company Autonomy. CSR, which has sold more than two billion Bluetooth radio chips, began as a spin-off from Cambridge Consultants. Why have these businesses thrived in Cambridge? According to Sir Leszek Borysiewicz, the newly appointed vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge, one of the keys to Cambridge's commercial success has been early and direct interaction across the industrial/academic divide. "The boundary between industry and academia is like the boundary between East and West: it's important, the landscape is different on either side, but ultimately people can pass across it without noticing," he said. The Cambridge culture also fosters long-term relationships, vital, as Borysiewicz points out, when "it takes 17 years to get a new therapy from the bench to the bedside." For Mike Lynch, who founded Autonomy 14 years ago, "The main thing was the cross-section of people we could get hold of." Andrew Herbert, former managing director of Microsoft Research Cambridge (recently named Chairman, Microsoft Research, EMEA), said that the Cambridge brand has helped him recruit internationally because it has the university, is a nice place to live, and offers interesting job opportunities for partners. Hermann Hauser, founder of the seminal U.K. computer company Acorn, added, "Cambridge has become a low-risk environment in which to do high-risk things." But the Cambridge Phenomenon has not been without its challenges. Although Cambridge has spawned several large information technology companies, results on the biotech side have been less glowing. Cambridge companies have proven extremely good at doing fundamental work in bioscience; the city hosted the discovery of DNA in 1953 and of monoclonal antibodies in 1975, and a large part of the work of sequencing the human genome. But, even with about 13,000 people working in bioscience, the Cambridge Phenomenon has not produced large, successful biotech companies. "The science is exciting, the markets are huge," said Andy Richards, a serial biotech entrepreneur, "but we have very few large successes." The biotech companies that Cambridge does produce quickly lose their independence. "In biotech, we largely don't sell products, we sell companies," Richards said. …


Objective To study the feasibility of Spermatogonial stem cells allotransplantation.Methods Theallotransplantation were performed in KM mice with the same gene type and the spermatogenesis in recipients testis was evaluated 3 months after transplantation.Results Mophological analysis revealed that allotransplant germ cells in KM mice could recovery normal function of spermatogenesis without any immune suppression.Conclusion Allospermatogonial stem cells can be transplanted successfully among KM mice.


Railway transport involves the expenditure of resources on a combination of investment in capital items (e.g. stations, tracks, equipment) and/or in operations (e.g. subsidies). Concerning the fact that there are limited amounts of resources, it is necessary to maximize the returns obtained from the investments of those resources. The best way to do this is to ensure that the resources will be allocated on those projects that maximize their return. Railway appraisals therefore represent a way of thinking about all the costs and benefits of different railway related spending projects in a systematic manner so that, the projects can be compared and investments made in those which are going to provide the maximum possible return on the investment. This chapter provides a review of the main analytical tools that should be used in the process of railway investments appraisal. Namely, a detailed description of discounting, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is covered by this chapter.


9) Spatia� structures are used as evacuation faci�ities and aid stations �hen a �arge earth�uake occurs. In order to ensure suf�cient seismic performances. Therefore, there are studies on free vibration characteristics of existing structures and effects of roofing members on damping factors. Ho�ever, the effects of differences of �exura� rigidit� of roo�ng members and coef�cients of friction bet�een roo�ng members and �attice members on free vibration characteristics have not been suf�cient�� investigated. From these backgrounds, these effects on free vibration characteristics and seismic response behavior of c��indrica� �attice she�� roofs under hori�onta� motions are investigated b� shaking tab�e tests.


Cp*Hf(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene)Cl (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) reacts with 1 mol of acetylene to form a disubstituted 1,3-dihafnacyclobutane complex, {Cp*Hf(Cl)[μCHCHCH2C(Me)=C(Me)CH2]}2, which was characterized by X-ray analysis (triclinic space group P1, a = 8.446 (7) A, b = 10.518 (2) A, c = 10.792 (1) A, α = 108.25 (1)°, β = 103.51 (3)°, γ = 103.66 (4)°, Z = 1). The Hf2C2 ring is asymmetrical, with two different Hf-C distances (2.246 (6) and 2.134 (5) A). An agostic C-H→M interaction is present over the shorter Hf-C bond. The acetylene triple bond is reduced to a single bond (1.538 (6) A), with one acetylene carbon bound to two Hf atoms and the other one to the two methylene carbon atoms of the former dimethylbutadiene ligand.


Amphotenc resins are synthesized by sulfonate of strong base resin. The influences of concentration of vitriol, reaction time and temperature on adsorption and desorption of amphoteric resins are studied. The optimum synthesis condition is achieved. The amphoteric resins prepared under these conditions exhibit good ability in water softening and their own regeneration.


In January 1966, delegates from the liberation movements of eighty-two na- tions came together at the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, Cuba, to form an alli- ance against imperialism. This alliance, called the Organization of Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia, and Latin America (Organizacion de Solidaridad de los Pueblos de Africa, Asia y America Latina, OSPAAAL), quickly became the driving force of in- ternational political radicalism and the primary engine of radical cultural production throughout the world. I argue that this influential political movement, which has been the subject of surprisingly few scholarly studies, forms the ideological backbone of cur- rent conceptualizations of global subalternity, such as the increasingly circulating notion of the Global South. Through close analysis of documents from OSPAAAL's propaganda apparatus, namely the Tricontinental b ulletin and a newsreel by Santiago Alvarez called Now (1965), I examine how OSPAAAL, through its engagement with the African American Civil Rights Movement, presents a theory of transnational subaltern political resistance that is resurfacing in the contemporary notion of the Global South.


Magnesium oxide (MgO) hydrolysis is an established route to the conversion of chrome tanned leather waste to gelatin, protein hydrolysate and chrome cake. The objective of this work is to develop a deeper insight into MgO hydrolysis and to provide a foundation for developing new strategies for exploiting the products. A molecular level characterization of these protein materials was sought through a multidimensional analytical approach. Separation techniques such as Isoelectric Focussing (IEF), Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) and Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) were combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). MALDI-TOF, itself, is a very useful analytical tool for characterizing large biomolecules such as oligopeptides and proteins. These analytical combinations proved useful in studying the product compositions of MgO hydrolysis. Generally, the hydrolysis produced many small, unremarkable peptides and relatively few larger fragments. Overall, there was good agreement among the molecular weight-based analytical techniques, across the separation and detection data domains. The very best analytical strategy would seem to be on-line coupling of RPHPLC and MS, providing high resolution, real-time speciation of these hydrolysis mixtures.


Dam-break flood risk mapping is necessary to formulate flood prevention emergency plans and make analysis of dam-break risk.BREACH is used to stimulate changes in the shape of the break and calculate break-induced flow discharge.Two-dimension dam-break flood propagating numerical simulation is conducted based on unstructured grids and FVM.TIN model is applied to visualize the numerical simulation results.Risk maps of flood depth and flood velocity at different moments of dam-break,risk map of flood submergence duration,risk map of flood arriving time are drawn and used to carry out spatial analysis.The fundamental principles of drawing dam-break flood risk mapping are discussed in this paper.The methods proposed are applied to analyze Shaheji reservoir dam,which is of high value in practice.


This is a short summary of the chapter about the teaching of Astronomy
in the Superior School of Teachers within the study that we are doing about the
teaching of Astronomy in Barcelona from 1589 to 1964.


Abstract. Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important
consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear
relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number
concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of
Resolute Bay, Canada, conducted as part of the Network on Climate and
Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments study
in July 2014. Using a single-column model, we find that autoconversion can
explain the observed linear relationship between LWC and CDNC. Of the three
autoconversion schemes we examined, the scheme using continuous drizzle
(Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000) appears to best reproduce the observed
linearity in the tenuous cloud regime (Mauritsen et al., 2011), while a
scheme with a threshold for rain (Liu and Daum, 2004) best reproduces the
linearity at higher CDNC. An offline version of the radiative transfer model
used in the Canadian Atmospheric Model version 4.3 is used to compare the
radiative effects of the modelled and observed clouds. We find that there is
no significant difference in the upward longwave cloud radiative effect at
the top of the atmosphere from the three autoconversion schemes (p=0.05)
but that all three schemes differ at p=0.05 from the calculations based on
observations. In contrast, the downward longwave and shortwave cloud
radiative effect at the surface for the Wood (2005b) and Khairoutdinov and Kogan (2000) schemes do not differ
significantly (p=0.05) from the observation-based radiative calculations,
while the Liu and Daum (2004) scheme differs significantly from the observation-based
calculation for the downward shortwave but not the downward longwave fluxes.


The Taoiseach, Mr Brian Cowen TD, congratulated Paddy Barnes on his Bronze medal after a tough fight in Beijing at the 2008 Olympics.


We report how breve, a simulation environment with rich 3d graphics, was used to discover significant patterns in the dynamics of a system that evolves controllers for swarms of goal-directed agents. These patterns were discovered via visualization in the sense that we had not considered their relevance or thought to look for them initially, but they became obvious upon visually observing the behavior of the system. In this paper we briefly describe breve and the system of evolving swarms that we implemented within it. We then describe two discovered properties of the evolutionary dynamics of the system: transitions to/from genetic drift regimes and the emergence of collective or multicellular organization. We comment more generally on the utility of 3d visualization for the discovery of biologically significant phenomena and briefly describe our ongoing work in this area. Pointers are provided to on-line resources including source code and animations that demonstrate several of the described effects. Associated links are available on-line at http://hampshire.edu/lspector/alife8-visualization.html. Evolutionary Dynamics Discovered via Visualization in the breve Simulation Environment Lee Spector Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst, MA 01002, USA firstname.lastname@example.com Jon Klein Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers U. of Technology and Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden also: CS, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA firstname.lastname@example.com


ABSTRACT We describe a case of Solobacterium moorei bacteremia in a 43-year-old woman presenting with acute proctitis complicating radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma. Phenotypic tests failed to identify the bacterium, which was subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing could help better define the pathogenicity of S. moorei.


Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin are complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases, key enzymes of complement activation via the lectin pathway, and act as soluble pattern recognition molecules in the innate immune system. Although numerous reports have revealed the importance of MBL in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, the role of ficolin is still unclear. To define the specific role of ficolin in vivo, we generated model mice deficient in ficolins. The ficolin A (FcnA)–deficient ( Fcna 2 / 2 ) and FcnA/ficolin B double-deficient ( Fcna 2 / 2 b 2 / 2 ) mice lacked FcnA-mediated complement activation in the sera, because of the absence of complexes comprising FcnA and MBL-associated serine proteases. When the host defense was evaluated by transnasal infection with a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, which was recognized by ficolins, but not by MBLs, the survival rate was significantly reduced in all three ficolin-deficient ( Fcna 2 / 2 , Fcnb 2 / 2 , and Fcna 2 / 2 b 2 / 2 ) mice compared with wild-type mice. Reconstitution of the FcnA-mediated lectin pathway in vivo improved survival rate in Fcna 2 / 2 but not in Fcna 2 / 2 b 2 / 2 mice, suggesting that both FcnA and ficolin B are essential in defense against S.


Elytra of Harmonia axyridis exhibit varied color patterns. In the present study, we deciphered the genetic basis for intraspecific diversity of elytra color patterns in H. axyridis, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-eight AFLP reactions were performed to generate a total of 2,741 bands. Of these, 20 bands were polymorphic for each color pattern. The polymorphic bands showed differences of genetic character among different color patterns of H. axyridis. Among them, ten candidate AFLP markers were color-linked. S1, S2, and S20 markers were detected in Succinea 1 and 2 variants of H. axyridis, whereas S3 and S5 were specifically detected in the Conspicua variant. S15, S18, and S19 were specific to the Succinea 2 variant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of these ten AFLP markers were sequenced. BLAST analysis of these sequences against the GenBank database revealed their homology to DNA fragments of unknown function. Based on the color-linked AFLP markers, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were designed for PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Of the ten AFLP markers, five were successfully converted into SCAR markers, which could discriminate elytra color polymorphism in H. axyridis.


Since the first report of survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation' there have been many attempts to reduce the delay to defibrillation. In the 1980s it was demonstrated that fire fighters equipped with defibrillators could administer a DC shock on average five minutes earlier than the existing paramedic service.2 Cummins et al reviewed five controlled trials where emergency medical technicians were taught to defibrillate and found odds ratios for improved survival ranging from 3-3 to 6.9.3 Leslie et al reported a much less impressive reduction in mortality following the introduction of defibrillators to ambulance crews in the City of Glasgow, north of Clyde region.4 They attribute this finding to failure to rapidly access the emergency services and to lack of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A similar lack of impact on mortality was reported after the introduction of defibrillators in the London ambulance service where only 30% of arrests that were not witnessed by crews had bystander CPR.5


SUMMARY: Prolyl hydroxylase activity was measured in the serum of patients with viral hepatitis and healthy individuals. Serum prolyl hydroxylase levels were maximally raised in patients with viral hepatitis during the active stage of the disease. Themcan 4396 ± 1658 cpm/min/ml compared to the values of a comparable control group (995 ± 591 cpm/min/ml). The difference between the two was statistically important (p 0.05). It is important to note that prolyl hydroxylase activity during the course of the disease revealed a similar


Halfway through the $100 million gene-mapping project, scientists are heartened by the progress made, although the final payoff remains uncertain.


Aim: Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infestation caused by helminthes of the Echinococcus genus and humans are intermediate hosts infected with the contaminated fresh food or water. The cases in Turkey are confined to Eastern Anatolia region. Evaluating the prevalence, symptoms and signs of hydatid cysts along with the treatment procedures and response in pediatric cases are vital for better diagnostic and treatment approaches in children. Material and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively with a total of 27 children diagnosed with hydatid cyst admitted to Research and Education Hospital of Kafkas University Medical School, Turkey in 2016 and 2019. Results: The mean age of 27 cases reported here was 11.59±4.95. Liver involvement was observed in all of patients reported here and all patients were seropositive. Ten patients underwent Puncture Aspiration Injection Re-aspiration procedure and 17 patients did not undergo. After the Puncture Aspiration Injection Re-aspiration treatment, there was an improvement in all patients for the marker levels. Conclusion: We think that Puncture Aspiration Injection Re-aspiration is superior to non-surgical medical treatment in pediatric patients.


Performance information use is an essential component of performance management, which is an important tool to manage purpose-oriented networks (PONs). Conceptualizing performance information use in PONs as network members' presentation, discussion, and interpretation of performance information during their interactions and communication, this study explores its drivers. Extant studies on performance information use in PONs point out an association between its use and the relationships among network members, but they lack specificity regarding the association. This study focuses on and theorizes that association, relying on network theory (especially the embeddedness approach) and resource dependence theory. Network analysis techniques (Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure and Exponential Random Graph Modeling) are applied to investigate the theory empirically, using a pair (dyad) of network members as the unit of analysis. The data were collected from 21 members in a health and human services network serving children and youth with serious emotional disturbance in a U.S. county. Two types of performance information were used in the PON: internally and externally produced information. Despite differences in the breadth and decision-making relevance of using information from these two sources, network analyses identify three relational characteristics consistently associated with the dyads' use of internal and external performance information: (1) frequency of communication; (2) centrality of position; and (3) extent of mutual dependency. These findings suggest that network members are likely to use performance information in relationships where the benefits of developing a shared understanding of network performance outweigh the costs of using it.


Two potential obstacles to increase marine aquaculture of carnivorous fish are the feed-producing ability of the oceans and more stringent traceability requirements being introduced by governments and retail chains. Background to and some implications of these issues is provided.


A discussion covers the level of coal-conversion processes in the U.S., which is currently at the process developement unit to pilot-plant stage and which will require 10-15 yr to reach the stage of commercial-scale operating plants; various types of coal-gasification processes, e.g., those using hydrogasification; the use of coal liquefaction to produce an entire range of possible products, including fuel oil, gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel oil; the need to determine the health effects of effluents of coal-conversion processes; an approach to environmental monitoring at coal-conversion plants in which gross identification of pollution potential is done with short-term sampling and accurate identification of pollutants is based on long-term integrated sampling; engineering controls at coal-gasification plants which should cover air effluents (e.g., sulfur plant tail gas), water effluents (e.g., gas liquor which contains phenols, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, oil and cresols), and solid wastes (e.g., ash or slag); the removal of sulfur and other pollutants from gas streams at high temperatures and pressures; and research and development needs in the area of monitoring.


FIELD: organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new compounds of the formula (I) where R 1 and R 2 each independently means chlorine, bromine, iodine atoms or a group OSO 2 Me; R 1a and R 2b - hydrogen atom; R 3 and R 4 - hydrogen atom; R 5a and R 5b - hydrogen atom, C 1-4 -alkyl, haloid; R 5a and R 5b form -CH=CH-CH=CH-; R 5c and R 5d - hydrogen atom, cyano-group, haloid; X means O, NH, -CH 2 -; Y means O; Z means -V-W where V means -CH 2 T- where T means -CH 2 - or -S-; W means COOH, -(C=O)NR 7 R 8 where R 7 - hydrogen atom, C 1-6 -alkyl and the others; R 8 - hydrogen atom and their salts. Method of synthesis of compounds of the formula (I) involves removal of protection in compound of the formula (Ia)


The specific rates of solvolyis of methyl chloroformate are very well correlated by the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation over a wide range of solvents; the pathway is believed to be predominantly addition–elimination, except that a positive deviation for solvolysis in 90% 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol suggests an 80% contribution from an ionisation mechanism.


The article reveals the conceptual foundations of the process of the enterprise's restruction as the way of adapting enterprises for changes in the market environment, ensuring their economic growth in the long run, integration and interrelation with the strategy of the enterprise. The relevance of this study is connected mainly with the loss of interconnections and markets of the near abroad, as a result of which the industrial activity falls catastrophically or appear serious problems with liquidity, which put the enterprise in a difficult situation. Under such conditions, companies' management actively implements anti-crisis strategies based on the restructuring process. The scientific research is revealed in the integrated approach to restructuring processes in connection with the company's strategy based on the generalization of the role of preventive (adaptational) measures in achieving strategic stability of the enterprise, taking into account the tendencies of internal and external integrational processes.


The article by Lett et al1 is timely and has implications for the development of more-effective policies and practices to promote equity in our training of the physician workforce. The authors pose the question of whether the Standards on Diversity 2009 accreditation guidelines of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)2 improved the underrepresentation of minorities in medicine. In other words, did the LCME move the needle in achieving diversity and equitable representation? The short answer is no. The main findings of Lett et al1 are that black, Hispanic, and American Indian and Alaska Native students remain underrepresented among medical school matriculants compared with the US population and that this underrepresentation has not changed significantly since the institution of the 2009 LCME guidelines. The authors' methods are robust, and their conclusions are insightful. The driving force for the nearly universal acceptance of the need for diversity and inclusion in the past decade is that diversity and inclusion in the workforce are associated with the quality of our health care system, its research priorities, and its system of health care delivery to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to live a healthy life.3 Thus, the findings by Lett et al1 lead to the question of how to transform the medical educational system to yield the results we seek. Furthermore, what is the potential of the accrediting body to bring about change? What can account for the minimal progress made as assessed by Lett et al?1 The LCME is the accrediting body for medical schools in the United States and Canada. Accreditation is a voluntary, peer-reviewed process meant to serve the general public and medical students. Compliance with 12 standards in 4 categories—institutional, education, medical students, and faculty—is required. The 2019 education standard4 relates to the academic and learning environment, especially element 3.3, "Diversity/Pipeline Programs and Partnerships." The current standards do include several elements that attempt to change culture (eg, elements 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 6.6, 7.2, 7.5, and 7.6). Element 10.2, which addresses the final authority of admissions committees, is not explicit in its commitment to diversity and inclusion.4 The LCME change in 2009 brought attention to diversity as an expectation for an institution. Institutional standard 16 dictated that, "Each medical school must have policies and practices to achieve appropriate diversity among its students, faculty, staff, and other members of its academic community, and must engage in ongoing, systematic, and focused efforts to attract and retain students, faculty, staff, and others from demographically diverse backgrounds."2 This is a tall order, calling for fundamental and systemic changes to address all aspects of recruitment, retention, and active support throughout the organization. Superficial changes would be unlikely to yield greater numbers of faculty, students, or staff in designated underrepresented groups. Attention to structural barriers to selection and advancement of traditionally underrepresented groups may, in fact, create tensions within an organization, involving the processes of human resources, legal counsel, and the office of diversity and inclusion. Faculty development to address both overt and implicit biases has received attention, but without a fundamental change in leadership hierarchy and representation and continuous focus in targeted areas, improvement in matriculant numbers is unlikely.5 Complicating the LCME process is the actual selection of the minority group targeted for demonstrating compliance with the standard. Identification of the demographic data of the population served by the medical school is essential. An institution is unlikely to target a particular group for improvement in student selection if its probability of success in faculty and staff + Related article


Abstract The present study investigates the effect of alteration in the building shape due to some common remodelling practice on the wind pressure differences Δp for cross-ventilation of a semi-detached low-rise building using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A commercial code ANSYS CFX was employed to solve the flow governing equations. The standard k-ε, renormalisation group (RNG) k-εand Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulent models were adopted for comparison and the computed velocity was validated against full-scale measurement data. Results computed with these three turbulent models were able to capture the trend of the measured wind speed at the chosen locations, but there were appreciable differences. Maximum wind pressure differences, Ap, for cross-ventilation under the effect of building remodelling was calculated based on the CFD results. At the windward side, the highest Ap was provided when expansion is made on the kitchen zone of the back neighbouring house. The house with fencing provided the lowest Ap value. In general, for all types of building remodelling, Ap value for houses on the windward side was higher by 447% (on the average Ap value) compared to the houses on the leeward side.


Although material requirements planning (MRP) has become an increasingly popular approach to production scheduling and control, few systems are considered successful. This research presents a simpl...


2 Abstract: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common ailment of the knee. Both open and closed kinetic chain exercises are effective in strengthening of the quadriceps muscle. It has been suggested that these exercises are used jointly in the management of PFPS, but no study to date has evaluated the effect of combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises on PFPS. The present randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate six weeks of combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises on PFPS patients. For this purpose, 28 patients with PFPS (10 males and 18 females) were assigned to exercise and control groups randomly. Exercise group performed combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises for six weeks. Subjective symptoms, functional performance, knee flexion during stair ascent and descent by the patients were assessed before and after the 6-week exercise program. Results of the study indicated that after six weeks, pain decreased significantly and Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), knee flexion during stair ascent and descent and single leg hop increased significantly in the exercise group. But control group demonstrated significant increase in pain and significant decrease in knee flexion during stair ascent and descent and single leg hop. It is concluded that a combined open and closed kinetic chain exercise program will result in improved subjective and clinical outcomes in the patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.


This paper analyzes the sound radiation behavior of a clamped thin, functionally graded material plate using the classical plate theory and Rayleigh Integral with the elemental radiator approach. The material properties of the plate are assumed to vary according to the power-law distribution of the constituent materials in the transverse direction. The functionally graded material is modeled using a physical neutral surface instead of a geometric middle surface. The effects of the power-law index, elastic modulus ratio, different constituent materials, and damping loss factor on the sound radiation of functionally graded plate are analyzed. It was found that, for the considered plate, the power-law index significantly influences sound power level and radiation efficiency. There exists a critical value of the power-law index for which the corresponding peak of sound power level is minimum. In a wide operating frequency range, approximately 500–1500 Hz, this research suggests that the radiation efficiency is lower for the power-law index equal to 0 and 1. However, for very low frequencies (less than 250 Hz), the power-law index does not affect radiation efficiency significantly. Further, as the modulus ratio increases, the sound power peak decreases for a given power-law index. For the given material constituents of the functionally graded plate, the different values of damping loss factors do not significantly influence radiation efficiency. However, the selection of material constituents affects the radiation efficiency peak.


Use of botanicals or herbal medicines implies substantial historical use, and this is certainly true for many products that are available as 'traditional botanicals or herbal medicines'. In many developing countries, a large proportion of the population relies on traditional practitioners and their armamentarium of medicinal plants in order to meet health care needs. India has been known for Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, Tibetan, Amchi, Yoga and Naturopathy medical system practiced by Hakims and Vaids for nearly 5000 years particularly in Jammu and Kashmir where herbal drugs has a long history of utilization. In early times, the medicines prescribed by these practitioners used to be very cheap and were designated as "common man's medicine". These medicinal plants are mostly collected from wild sources and sold under different names. Herbal drugs of montane ecosystems, constituting only those traditional medicines which primarily use medicinal plant preparations for therapy, are in vogue in high altitude regions and offer therapeutic promise which ultimately lead to the discovery of novel drugs for the benefit of mankind. A botanical is a plant or plant part valued for its medicinal or therapeutic properties, flavor, and/or scent. For example stem bark, root bark, leaves, flowers of Azadirachta indica and Melia azadarch, needles of Taxus baccata, whole plant of Artemisia species etc. Herbs are subset of botanicals. Products made from botanicals are used to maintain or improve health may be called herbal products, botanical products, or phyto-medicals. Botanicals are also used as pesticides, insecticides, and other useful extracts derived from plants/trees for the management of human and animal pest organisms (lvabijaro, 1991). By definition, 'traditional' use of botanicals or herbal medicines implies substantial historical use, and this is certainly true for many products that are available as 'traditional botanical or herbal medicines'. In many developing countries, a large proportion of the population relies on traditional practitioners and their armamentarium of medicinal plants in order to meet health care needs. Although modern medicine may exist side-by-side with such traditional practice, herbal medicines have often maintained their popularity for historical and cultural International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 6, No 5, 2017, 3174 – 318


Typically one models the shapes of objects in ordinary 3-dimensional space. The objects are the focus of interest, while the ambient space serves only as a background. But one can reverse the emphasis, and focus instead on the "shape" of the space itself. Surprisingly, there are many possible shapes for space, other than the usual infinite space we take for granted. In particular, there are many possible spaces which have a finite volume, but no boundary of any sort. The present article introduces simple examples of such spaces, and shows how they may be visualized and understood using two complementary modeling techniques.


Forests applications in remote sensing have been a driver for development of new satellites and new techniques for decades. Based on service demonstrations the European Space Agency (ESA) developed within the COPERNICUS initiative with the European Commission the SENTINEL satellite family. Sentinel-1A – a C-band Radar, which was successfully launched on 3 April 2014, and Sentinel-2 – a multispectral optical sensor to be launched in spring 2015, will contribute significantly to forest observations world-wide. Additionally last year ESA Member states decided on BIOMASS as its 7th Earth Explorer mission, to measure forest biomass from space.
Application development at ESA varies from local to global scale and from science to demonstration of operational services. Emphasis will be put on the United Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established process to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) in developing countries. This talk will address the research community with open scientific questions to improve methodologies to support REDD early actions and readiness mechanisms for building national REDD monitoring systems, like e.g. it is supported by the GEO Global Forest Observation Initiative (GFOI). Critical issues on monitoring forest degradation, accuracy assessments, biomass burning and the role of evolving technologies will be discussed.


In view of the big dipper dynamic positioning regarding recursive least squares method as the basic,extended Kalman filter method is used to estimate the fuzzy degree of float solution.Thus using more epoch carrier phase observation information to solve the fuzzy degree of the whole week is achieved.Through test simulation by simulating beidou observation data,it proves that extended Kalman filtering method has high precision,and is suitable for dynamic positioning algorithm.


MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and forty-nine different samples of uncontaminated liquor amnii kt various periods of gestation were studied. The menstrual cycles were regular in all the patients studied, varying between 25 and 35 days. The first day of the last normal menstrual period was confirmed in each case and the uterine size was found to correspond to the period of gestation thus determined. The specimens were obtained by hysterotomy, amniocentesis, hindwater puncture and at Caesarean section (Table J). The slides were prepared by the technique of Brosens and Gordon (1966). A drop of amniotic fluid was mixed with a drop of 0.1 per cent


[Objective] To isolate the preponderant flora from kefir grains,and built the groundwork of researching on the symbiosis mechanism of them and exploitation of new taste kefir.[Method] Kefir grains were firstly crushed to pieces and prepared suspensions of these pieces in different concentration,and spread on the malt extract medium,PDA medium,MRS medium or tomato juice medium.They were cultured in the conditions of aerobic and anaerobic at 30 ℃ and 37 ℃ for seven days,and screened the single colonies and observed their shape,and the results of experiments of physiology and biochemistry.[Result] 9 yeasts and 9 lactic acid bacteria were screened from kefir grains,yeast were identified as Kluyveromyces(2),Candida(3),Brettanomyces(4);lactic acid bacteria were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subspecies Dextranicum(1),Lactococcus lactis subspecies Cremoris(2),Lactobacillus kefir(3),Lactobacillus helveticus(1),Lactobacillus delbeueckii subspecies bulgaricus(1),and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.lactis(1).[Result] Total 18 strains were screened from kefir grains,9 of them were yeast,3 of them were lactococcus,and 6 of them were lacbobacillus.


The progression of dementia often leads to complete driving cessation, which poses major challenges for persons with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers. In response to these challenges, the use of Automated Vehicles (AV) by PwD has been considered as a way of prolonging PwD's safe driving. AVs can either be used to assist PwD with certain driving tasks, such as steering or braking (Partially Automated Vehicles; PAVs), or by performing all driving tasks (Fully Automated Vehicles; FAVs). There are unique considerations regarding the use of AVs by PwD that are currently not well‐understood. This study examined caregivers' perspective on the usefulness of AVs in addressing the driving‐related challenges faced by PwD.


The present article analyzes the main demands facing teachers and students at the present time in the context of higher education in Cuba. These two actors in the educational process should take up their activities with a high sense of responsibility and social commitment to the implications in the social and economic changes that are being developed in the country. Improved training of students and teachers is being investigated worldwide: currently studying University Social Responsibility (URS) are proving their worth in the achievement of such important purposes. In this sense, the Group of Social Interaction University, the Centre of Studies for the Improvement of Higher Education, University of Havana is developing research about training with URS students and professors as a contribution to achieve an ideal model of body students and professorate. This training process is designed to promote the social, ethical and emotional for the personal and social welfare.


Consider the problem of broadcasting an i.i.d. source sequence X = {X/sub i/} /sub i=1//sup N/ (possibly N /spl rarr/ /spl infin/) to n listeners over a discrete broadcast channel, consisting of n channels with capacities C/sub 1/ = C/sub max/ /spl ges/ C/sub 2/ /spl ges/.../spl ges/ C/sub n/ = C/sub min/. Let the tuple D = (D/sub 1/, D/sub 2/,...,D/sub n/) represent the average distortion in reconstructing sources at the n listeners. The problem of characterizing all achievable tuples D is still open for a general case. For a fairly general class of discrete channels, we prove the achievability of the tuple n(/spl rho//sub 1/,/spl rho//sub 2/,...,/spl rho//sub n/) = (D/sub X/(/spl rho//sub 1/C/sub 1/ /spl zeta/), D/sub X/(/spl rho//sub 2/C/sub 2/ - /spl zeta/),...,D/sub X/(/spl rho//sub n/C/sub n/ - /spl zeta/)), provided that /spl lambda//sub i/ = (/spl rho//sub i/C/sub i/ - /spl rho//sub i/+/sub 1/C/sub i+1/)/C/sub i/ > 0, for 1 /spl les/ i /spl les/ n $1, /spl lambda//sub n/ = /spl rho//sub n/ and /spl Sigma//sub i=1//sup n-1/ /spl lambda//sub i/ /spl les/ 1, where D/sub X/ (R) is the distortion rate function of X. The penalty term /spl zeta/ = 1/2 for a general source with real alphabets and is /spl zeta/ = 0 if X is progressively refinable. The factor 0 < /spl rho//sub i/ /spl les/ 1 is called the utilization of the i/sup th/ channel. As an example, for n = 2, we show that /sup 2/(1/(2 - C/sub 2//C/sub 1/), 1/(2 $C/sub 1//C/sub 2/)) is achievable for any C/sub 1/, C/sub 2/. Furthermore, the common utilization of /spl rho/ = (1 + ln(C/sub max//C/sub min/))/sup -1/ is shown to be achievable for all channels. Conversely, we find examples of channels, namely erasure switch-to-talk channels, for which the proposed achievable utilizations are tight. In particular, while /sup 3/ (2/3, 2/3, 2/3) is achievable for any compatible broadcast channel with capacities C/sub 1/ = 2C/sub 2/ = 2C/sub 3/, for any /spl delta/ > 0, we find examples of channels for which /sup 3/(2/3+/spl delta/,2/3+/spl delta/,2/3+ /spl delta/) is not achievable.


Dedicated floating point units for divide-add fused operation (division followed by addition/subtraction) can be used to increase the performance of the interval Newton's method. The key issue regarding these units is represented by the number of quotient bits generated. A high number leads to better accuracy, but also to low performance. The required number of quotient bits is determined by the exponents' difference and the number of leading zeros. In this paper, we propose a divide-add fused unit which generates a variable number of quotient bits. This way, the latency for the cases when few quotient bits are needed is reduced, without loss in precision. Thus, the average performance of the divide-add fused operation is improved, while the area overhead is around 1%.


This paper presents some results about the responses of two moored 3D floating structures to steep waves obtained by using the QALE-FEM (quasi arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element) method based on FNPT (fully nonlinear potential theory) models. In this method, the computational mesh is efficiently moved at every time step to conform to the variation of the fluid domain, eliminating the necessity of very costly procedure of regenerating mesh which is required by the conventional FEM method. By using this method, various cases with two moored 3D floating structures in steep waves are numerically simulated and the nonlinearity involved is investigated.


Performance characterization of 450 nm visible light photoacoustic imaging has been carried out through phantom imaging of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR) dye solutions. The phantom was made of a nylon tube with a diameter of 5.0 mm (outside) and 4.6 mm (inside) having a height of 2.0 mm along with a 6×6 cm black galvanized aluminum plate as the background medium. The nylon tube was filled with each type of solution with varying molecular concentrations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm. Twelve (12) phantom objects were imaged in an area of 10×10 cm. The visible absorption peak known from UV-Visible spectroscopy for each type of solution is at 664 nm (methylene blue), 465 nm (methyl orange), and 522 nm (methyl red). It was also known that the amplitude of PA emissions would increase proportionally to the concentration of dye molecules. Overall, methyl orange solutions had the highest photoacoustic emission amplitude distribution. The analysis showed that the ratio of inner diameter (ID) and wall thickness (WT) between the MB and MO phantom images to the original object were 1:0.83 and 1:0.74 (ID) and 1:3 and 1:1.5 (WT), respectively. On the other hand, the ratio of the outer diameter (OD) of the MR phantom image to the original object is 1:1.28.


We consider the problem of identification of the position and the moment of the beginning of a radioactive source emission on the plane. The acts of emission constitute inhomogeneous Poisson processes and are registered by $ K $ detectors on the plane. We suppose that the moments of arriving of the signals at the detectors are measured with some small errors. Then, using these estimate, we construct the estimators of the position of source and the moment of the beginning of emission. We study the asymptotic properties of these estimators for large signals and prove their consistency.


EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$0.80 .4 Counseling, *Counseling Effectiveness, Counselin4 Goals, Counselor Educators, Counselor Evaluation, *Counselor Performance, *Counselor Training, *Research, Research Problems, Research Utilization Research in counseling effectiveness is moving from the use of gross outcome measures to analysis of the counseling process. One successful approach has been the adoption of a social-psychological model of interview analysis which attempts to specify within-interview conditions which facilitate client behavior change. The criteria and procedure for developing such a system is briefly presented and the fidelity of the Hill Interaction Matrix to them elaborated. The paper attempts to provide four types of data about the Matrix: (1) that relative to its measurement characteristics; (2) the uses which have been made of it in individual counseling research, specifically the studies of Lee, ---fielervik, and Boyd; (3) problems involving its use, primary among which was the training of raters and all of which concerned aspects of the rating system; and (4) suggested extensions of the current scoring procedures. The conclusion holds that the Hill Interaction Matrix fulfills the conditions necessary for instruments of its type better than any other scale currently available. (TL)


Summary We present an automatic method to estimate dip, azimuth and fault continuously in a 3D seismic volume. Spectral decomposition methods provide time continuous phase spectrum at each trace. Spatially continuous local phase surface across traces at a fixed time indicates a reflector. The surface gradient divided by frequency and averaged over frequency bands of high signal-to-noise ratio provides an estimate of the time-dip and azimuth. In contrast, a discontinuous local phase surface indicates a point on a fault, conflicting dips, interference or noise. Faults are generally continuous in near vertical directions. Inter-linked planar facets that connect continuous near vertical fault points define a fault surface. At each time sample and trace in the 3D volume we store the time-dip and azimuth pair or the normal vector to the fault surface as attributes. Further, we combine these attributes with other seismic attributes such as amplitude in a volume display. The interpreter visualizes the attributes and selects the features to map. The selection step requires interpreter's knowledge and judgment but relieves him/her from picking and correlating fault traces. Mapping follows automatically after the selection. A synthetic example illustrates the dip and azimuth estimation and a field example shows the detection and mapping of faults. 1. The dip and azimuth attributes have a proven value in the detection of channel edges, pinchouts and unconformities. However, their estimation has so far been done on picked reflections. Continuous phase based estimation is a new technique that produces dip and azimuth for the entire volume without reflection picking. 2. The automatic fault detection takes away one of the most human intensive tasks from an interpreter's routine and thus improves


A report is given of a case of a unilateral condition of this type in a 30-year-old woman, who was observed and repeatedly photographed for more as 7 years.


The New Federalist proposes to take stock of the health of the euro and the scope of a monetary union in crisis. European economic governance must be reformed. At the crossroads, the European…


Abstract The effects of composition, temperature, and storage time on the textural attributes of a starch–sucrose gel system were determined by means of textural profile analysis (TPA) tests. Mixtures of high amylose corn starch, sucrose, and water were jet cooked at temperatures of 110–150 °C, rapidly cooled to gels on a refrigerated belt, and stored at 1 °C. Treatment temperature, storage time, sucrose/starch ratio and water added/solids ratio were used as independent variables. The ranges of sucrose, starch, and water added were 0–14.9, 14.4–33.6, and 48.3–77.8 g/kg, respectively. All four independent variables were found to be significant in second order response surface equations, describing all textural attributes but adhesiveness. Hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness were exponentially related to quadratic functions of the variables while resilience, cohesiveness, and springiness were linearly related. Adhesiveness values were low and independent of the variables. In general, values of textural attributes increased with temperature and storage time, and were inversely related to sucrose/starch ratio and water added/solids ratio.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of trust in the relationship between knowledge management enablers (i.e. top management support, organizational culture, knowledge management system quality, and openness in communication) on knowledge sharing in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted through self-administered survey of employees of SMEs in Pakistan. Correlation, Baron and Kenny approach (causal steps approach) and PROCESS Macro (normal test theory) developed by Hayes were used to find out the direct and indirect effects of trust among knowledge management enablers and knowledge sharing.

Findings

The results have shown that trust of employees at SMEs was developed through knowledge management enablers which promote knowledge sharing. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge management enablers, trust, and knowledge sharing is positive.

Research limitations/implications

The current study only considered the single aspect of knowledge management system, i.e. knowledge sharing; some other aspects of knowledge management system such as knowledge creation and knowledge utilization can be used for future studies at SMEs sector.

Practical implications

The mediation of trust between top management support, culture, openness in communication, and knowledge sharing provided that trustworthy relationships between the members of an organization would lead to enhance the knowledge sharing activities. In order to promote the knowledge sharing attitudes within the organization, the managers should consider knowledge management enablers (top management support, organizational culture, and openness in communication) along with trustworthy environment as an energetic force for the development of knowledge management systems.

Originality/value

The study confirmed the mediating effect of trust between the relationships of top management support, organizational culture, openness in communication, and knowledge sharing, while there is a partial mediating role of trust between knowledge management system quality and knowledge sharing.


This research was made possible, in part, by the support and participation of seven school districts, including the School District of Philadelphia. This project was supported by Award No. 2006-JV-FX-0011 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. We would also like to thank the numerous school administrators, teachers, students, and law enforcement officers for their involvement and assistance in this study. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice or of the seven participating school districts.