The climatic situation in north eastern parts of Karnataka (except Bidar district) is almost similar to that of Rajastan. There is considerable area under rainfed situations and guar being a highly drought and temperature tolerant summer annual legume crop, there is hope for guar as an alternate and contingent crop during drought year in this region. With this objective effort were made to introduce, evaluate and to identify suitable gum guar varieties for North eastern parts of Karnataka. Ten gum guar varieties developed, released and cultivated in Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat state were evaluated in Agricultural Research Stations (ARS) located in Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgiri, Bellary and Raichur districts of Karnataka during Kharif 2013-14. At Bidar, the top entry with respect to yield was HG-884 (679.00 Kg/ Ha), Variety RGC-1031 (793.00 Kg/Ha) performed well with respect to seed yield in Gulbarga district. Genotypes GAUG-13 (614.00 Kg/Ha) and RGC-986 (501.00 Kg/Ha) recorded higher seed yield respectively, in Bellary and Yadgiri district. At Raichur GAUG-13, recorded highest seed yield of 1432.00 Kg/Ha. Over the locations genotype GAUG-13 recorded highest seed yield of 759.00 Kg/Ha followed by HG-884 (700.40 Kg/Ha) and RGC-986 (696.60 Kg/Ha). The varieties tested exhibited considerable significance differences among themselves at four locations, except at one location (Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir district). Variety GAUG-13, recorded highest seed yield over three locations indicating its wider adaptability.


Hindlimb ischemia is a major complication of diabetic patients due to poor neovascularization. Therapy with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can promote angiogenesis in ischemic lesions. However, the efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of PEMF in diabetes‐related hindlimb ischemia are unclear. Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with streptozocin to induce diabetes, and 10 weeks later diabetic rats were subjected to surgical induction of acute hindlimb ischemia. The rats were randomized and treated with PEMF, and the blood perfusion of individual rats was determined longitudinally by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). The neovascular density was examined using immunofluorescent analysis of CD31 expression and alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining. The levels of VEGF, VEGFR, FGF‐2, and FGFR1 expression, and ERK 1/2 and P38 phosphorylation in the muscles were characterized using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assays. The values of LDPI in the PEMF‐treated rats at 14 and 28 days post surgery were significantly greater than those in the controls, accompanied by significantly elevated levels of anti‐CD31 and AP staining. The relative levels of FGF‐2 and FGFR1, but not VEGF and VEGFR expression, and ERK1/2, but not P38 phosphorylation, in the muscles of the PEMF‐treated rats were significantly higher than those in the controls. Our data indicated that PEMF enhanced acute hindlimb ischemia‐related perfusion and angiogenesis, associated with up‐regulating FGF‐2 expression and activating the ERK1/2 pathway in diabetic rats. Therefore, PEMF may be valuable for the treatment of diabetic patients with ischemic injury. Bioelectromagnetics 34:180–188, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Experimental studies on the adaptive vibration control of composite beams with a piezoelectric actuator have been performed using a neural network controller. We experimentally investigated the variations in natural frequencies and actuation characteristics of the composite specimens according to delaminations in the bonding layer. Numerical simulation has been performed for adaptive vibration controls of the composite specimens with delaminated piezoelectric actuator using the neuro-controller. A digital signal processor (DSP)-based hardware for the real-time adaptive vibration control experiment was prepared. Using the neuro-controller, the adaptive vibration control experiment has been performed. The vibration control results show that the present neuro-controller has good performance and robustness with respect to the system parameter variations.


OFTALMICA DISOLUCION BASED diclofenac and tobramycin and their applications. Comprising: (a) the equivalent to a value of 0.001 to 0.14 PERCENT diclofenac, FROM THE OWN OR DICLOFENACO an isomer, or a derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; (B) EQUIVALENT to a value of 0.001 to 0.45 PERCENT tobramycin, FROM OWN tobramycin or an isomer or a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; And (C) optionally a solubilizing agent, isotonic, pH buffer, viscosifying, chelator, CONSERVATIVE, AND / OR PHARMACEUTICAL hydrogels excipient. Application in the treatment of inflammations and / or eye and ear infections.


Lead is the most important toxic heavy element in the environment. Due to its important physico-chemical properties, its use are quite remarkable. Globally it is an abundantly distributed, important yet dangerous environmental chemical. It's important properties like softness, malleability, ductility, poor conductibility and resistance to corrosion seem to make difficult to give up its use. Due to its non-biodegradable nature and continuous use, its concentration accumulates in the environment with


Organic solar cells are considered as low-cost photovoltaic technology driven by potentially reduced cost production via high throughput processes, such as printing and lower cost of starting materials. However, commercial realization of this technology is hindered by poor device lifetimes due to environmental degradation of the devices. Under standard test conditions, these devices show lifetimes much shorter in comparison with conventional silicon or other inorganic thin-film solar cells. The lifetimes of organic solar cells are strongly dependent on device processing, measurement (temperature, humidity and light intensity) and encapsulation conditions in addition to intrinsic nature of the constituent materials and their reactivity with each other. Recently, there has been a conscious effort to improve the lifetimes of organic solar cells and strategies such as incorporation of oxide buffer layers, change in the device architecture to inverted geometry and improved materials have been demonstrated to r...


New neutron-rich lanthanide isotopes produced in the proton-induced fission of 238U have been identified using the JAERI on-line isotope separator (JAERI-ISOL) coupled to a gas-jet transport system. The observed K x-rays following the β−-decay of products in the mass separated fraction provided direct isotopic identifications. New isotopes observed, with values of their half-lives given in parentheses, are 159Pm(2±1 s), 161Sm(4.8±0.8 s), 165Gd(10.3±1.6 s), 166Tb(21±6 s), 167Tb(19.4±2.7 s) and 168Tb(8.2±1.3 s). The half-life values are compared to the results of theoretical predictions.New neutron-rich lanthanide isotopes produced in the proton-induced fission of 238U have been identified using the JAERI on-line isotope separator (JAERI-ISOL) coupled to a gas-jet transport system. The observed K x-rays following the β−-decay of products in the mass separated fraction provided direct isotopic identifications. New isotopes observed, with values of their half-lives given in parentheses, are 159Pm(2±1 s), 161Sm(4.8±0.8 s), 165Gd(10.3±1.6 s), 166Tb(21±6 s), 167Tb(19.4±2.7 s) and 168Tb(8.2±1.3 s). The half-life values are compared to the results of theoretical predictions.


We assessed the biodistribution of 111In-DTPA-IgG administered to volunteers with a pharmacokinetic analysis. Volunteers were injected with 80MBq of 111In-DTPA-IgG. 111In uptakes decreased with time in all organs except in liver and bone marrow. At 70 h after injection, 111In uptakes in the intestine was 1.0% ID, suggesting that 111In-DTPA-IgG would be feasible to detect inflammation located in the abdomen. Analysis of plasma by size-exclusion HPLC showed mainly one radioactivity peak of labeled IgG, suggesting that 111In-DTPA-IgG was stable in the blood. The blood clearance was fitted to a two-compartment equation with half-lives of 6.6±1.6 h and 35.5±2.0 h for T1/2α and T1/2β, respectively. Total urinary excretion averaged 12.0±0.9% dose/72h, suggesting that 111In-DTPA-IgG may be excreted slowly through the urinary system.


A matching decision-making method is proposed to solve the two-sided matching problem considering the matching body's psychological expectation and perception.Firstly,the aspiration given by one side matching body to the other is considered.The multiple attributes for evaluating matching body's satisfaction degree are considered.Then,the aspiration of the matching body with respect to each attribute is chosen as the reference point.The decision matrix with different forms is transformed into the matrix of gains or losses relative to the reference point.The comprehensive prospect value of the satisfaction degree for the matching body is calculated based on the prospect theory.Furthermore,a two-objective optimization model is constructed.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The reactions of the HO−, CH3S−, CH2S− and CH2 C(CH3)CH2− ions with three ketones (CF3COR; R CH3, CF3, C6H5) and three esters of trifluoroacetic acid (CF3CO2R; R CH3, C2H5 and C6H5) have been studied with use of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. All four negative ions react exclusively by proton transfer with CF3COCH3. With the other substrates, the HO− ion reacts by various pathways, such as proton transfer, SN2 substitution, E2 elimination and attack on the carbonyl group. The CH3S− ion is unreactive towards CF3COC6H5 but is able to react by hydride transfer, SN2, E2 and/or carbonyl attack with the remaining neutral species. The CH2S− radical anion reacts by electron transfer to afford stable molecular radical anions of CF3COCF3 and CF3COC6H5, whereas the main reaction with the two esters, CF3CO2CH3 and CF3CO2C2H5, is dissociative electron transfer leading to CF3CO2− and CF3− ions. The CH2C(CH3)CH2− anion displays a more complex reactivity pattern involving electron transfer, SN2, E2 as well as attack on the carbonyl group. Direct evidence for the occurrence of electron transfer as the initial step in an overall BAC2 type process has not been obtained for the systems studied. The reaction of the CH2S− ion with CF3CO2C6H5 was observed, however, to yield exclusively a CF3COCHS−. radical anion. Based upon the absence of a BAC2 process in the reaction of CH2S− with the methyl and ethyl esters of trifluoroacetic acid in combination with the facile occurrence of electron transfer from this radical anion, it is suggested that the CF3COCHS−. ion is formed by an initial electron transfer followed by coupling between the CH2S molecule and the CF3CO2C6H5− radical anion and subsequent loss of C6H5OH from the collision complex.


The difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis in the face of
intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis can cause
significant clinical changes and irreversible sequelae.


Duplex scanning was used to study recurrent varicose veins in 244 limbs with previous high ligationof the long saphenous vein. Therecurrentvaricose veins wereclassified Into two types according to the presence or absence of a residual long saphenous vein. Varicose veins with a residual longsaphenous vein (type I) occurred in 168limbs (68.9%). A residual longsaphenous veinwith an incompetent saphenofemoral junction was presentin 125 limbsand one without anyresidual saphenofemoraljunctlon in 43llmbs. Besides the presence of anIncompetent long saphenous vein in this group, an Incompetent short saphenous veinwas detected in 26 limbs, Incompetent perforatingveln(s) In 45 limbs and incompetent deep veins In 26 limbs.Varicose veins without a residual long saphenous vein (type 11) occurred in 76 limbs (31.1 %). An incompetent short saphenous vein was demonstrated In 44 limbs. incompetent perforating veln(s) In 18 limbs and incnmpetent deep veins In 32 limbs. Of the total 244 limbs with recurrentvaricose veins, longsaphenous veinincompetence was Involved in 168(68.9%), short saphenous veinincompetence in 70 (28.7%), perforatingvein incompetence in 63 (25.8%) and deep venous incompetence in 58 (23.8%). Although saphenofemoral junction incompetence was found to be the main source of recurrence. a segment of incompetent residual long saphenous vein. an incompetent short saphenous vein, perforating vein and deep venous system Incompetence are other common sources of recurrence. A precise assessment to identifY underlying venous Incompetence Is Important for the management of recurrent varicose veins.


A brief overview of the discovery that macroscopic black holes are thermodynamical systems is presented. They satisfy the laws of thermodynamics and are associated with a temperature and an entropy equal to one quarter of their horizon area in Planck units. They emit black body radiation and slowly evaporate as a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. The problem of understanding the microscopic source of their large entropy, as well as the nature of their final fate after evaporation, are discussed from the perspective of approaches to quantum gravity that predict discreteness at the Planck scale. We review encouraging first steps in computing black hole entropy and briefly discuss their implications for the black hole information puzzle.


—It requires every Muslim to read the Quran. This is one aim of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in higher education so that students can read the Quran. Only about 70% of students cannot achieve this educational goal. One reason, mistakenly applying the learning method. Bilhikmah is a fast method of reading the Quran, which is proven effective. This training activity aims to provide the Bilhikmah method to prospective tutors (instructors) of the Al-Furqan Mosque of UPI. The target is that 70% of 80 prospective tutors can implement this method. The training uses a variety of methods, namely presentations, questions and answers, demonstrations, practices, a small group guidance, and individual guidance. The results of the training almost all participants mastered this method. During the activity, the participants seriously listened to the advantages of this method. They also seriously practiced small groups on how to teach this method. Almost all trainees (90%) were then recruited to become tutors at the UPI Mosque. Thus, this training exceeded the target. Each of them then guided 10 tutorial participants. After being guided for three months, 7 out of 10 participants can read the Quran. The implication is that training on the Bilhikmah method needs to be continued in university mosques.


A low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer integrating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils and terbium-dysprosium (TbDy) magnetostrictive material was designed, fabricated and tested. This represents a novel application for high-temperature superconductivity and is a first example of an integrated system involving HTS coils cooled by a mechanical cryocooler. It also brings HTS technology together with a novel magnetic materials technology. The HTS coils were fabricated using react-and-wind BiSrCaCuO-2223 HTS wires. They produce a peak field of 0.1 Tesla at 50 K. A single-stage, Stirling-cycle cryocooler was used to cool the coils and the TbDy driver to cryogenic temperatures (50-65K). The coils provide an AC magnetic field superimposed on a DC bias field, which produces oscillatory strain within the magnetostrictive rod; this motion is transmitted through a cryostat to two head masses which project sound into the surrounding environment. High power acoustic output can be obtained by operating the transducer at its resonance frequencies of 520 Hz in air and 430 Hz underwater. This development demonstrates that, unlike low temperature superconductors, HTS wires can be considered for AC applications due to the low losses in these superconductors and the higher heat capacities of materials at temperatures above liquid helium. This paper was presented at the ASNE Technical Innovation Symposium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 7-9 September, 1994.


The general characteristics of Bijie experimental region of development in 24 years,poverty alleviation is one of the process of changing trends initiative,which is on the metaphysical spirit level.On a physical level of material you can not use the word in this speech.Poverty alleviation by each mode,approach es,ideas and systems to achieve substantive results in the Bijie This is a unique land,it will experience some localized process.But the geographical,ecological structure of this piece of land,natural resources and cultural landscape of the heterogeneity,resulting in it the causes of poverty,covering almost all the world the causes of poverty,the characteristics of the development of poverty alleviation on the the Bijie test 24 years of devel opment from the material level conducting research,it showed a diversity of characteristics.


The field experiment was carried out to study influence of nutrients on seed yield and cost benefit ratio in cucumber during kharif 1999. The results indicated that application of 120 : 80 : 50 kg NPK ha -1 (N 3 P 2 K 1 ) recorded significantly higher number of fruits (3.28 vine -1 ) compared to all other treatment combinations. Similarly the treatment combination 90: 50: 110 kg NPK ha -1 (N 2 P 1 K 3 ) recorded higher fruit yield (168.9 q ha -1 ) compared to all other treatment combinations. Application of phosphorus at 80 kg ha -1 recorded higher seed recovery (0.56%) and seed yield (72.6 kg ha -1 ) than lower dose of phosphorus (50 kg ha -1 ) with values 0.51 per cent and 61.8 kg ha -1 respectively. Combined application of nutrients the treatment N 3 P 2 K 1 recorded more seed yield (87.6 kg ha -1 ) and benefit cost ratio compared to other treatment combinations except N 2 P 2 K 3 (84.1 kg ha -1 ).


From June 1984 to March 1985 an open, multicenter study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime in the empirical treatment of severe nosocomial infections. 3799 patients treated in 513 clinical care units were included and 3477 were evaluable. The majority was older than 60 years; most patients showed severe underlying diseases and were in a critical condition. The clinical and bacteriological results with various monoinfections due to gram-positive bacteria are presented. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci were the most frequently isolated organisms. 600 patients with infections due to staphylococci were evaluated separately. The clinical success rate with ceftazidime in S. aureus monoinfections was 90.9%, and the bacteriological success rate was 74.9%.


Persons with severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cannot operate electric wheelchairs through standard joysticks because they lack muscular power and are affected by deformation of the hands. To address this difficulty, first the authors determined the requirements of input devices based on a survey of the daily life of persons with DMD and the authors developed new joysticks for an electric wheelchair considering the characteristics of the hand functions of persons with DMD. These devices were based on a quantitative evaluation of the hand functions of persons with severe DMD, which consists of fingertip force and range of motion of the fingers. Two new joysticks were developed, considering hand function, posture, and hand shape of two persons with severe DMD. Thus, the devices can be operated using slight force and movement of the fingers. Furthermore, the authors examined the shape of the hands of persons with severe DMD to determine the shape of the devices.


In this article, the construction principle of rotary engine and sliding vane internal combustion engine is carefully analyzed, and the concept of micro‐rotary cam internal combustion engine is proposed by integrating and innovating on them. Overall design, theoretical analysis, and model making of miniature rotary cam internal combustion engine and its supporting system. The effects of different air intake modes and different ignition advance angles on the combustion and emission characteristics of internal combustion engines were studied. Through the study of the flow field, combustion and emission characteristics of small rotating internal combustion engines, it is found that the intake form has a great influence on the cylinder smoothness of rotating internal combustion engines. The vortex formed by the end cover inlet air in the middle of the combustion chamber can fully mix the fuel and air in the cylinder, and the mixture is evenly distributed in the combustion chamber to effectively promote the spread of flame. Compared with the surrounding air intake structure, the heat release should be increased by 4.3%, and the total amount of HC and CO generated was 26.8% and 15.7% less, respectively. By studying the turbulent kinetic energy, combustion heat release, peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder, fuel consumption rate and emission characteristics of small rotary internal combustion engine, it is found that when the ignition advance angle of the small rotating internal combustion engine is 5°, the peak pressure in the cylinder is increased by 2.3% compared with other schemes, the fuel consumption rate is high, and the combustion is more complete. In addition, in terms of emission characteristics, the amount of CO and HC generated when the ignition advance angle is 5° are reduced by 35% and 35.3%, respectively.


Using the method of literature,questionnaire,teaching experiment,mathematical statistics and logic analysis on the project teaching method and traditional teaching method in the aerobics teaching of experiment.The research expresses that project teaching method can improve the aerobics teaching effectiveness,promote students personality development,enhance students learning enthusiasm and initiative,and improve the aerobics teaching quality.


A process to provide personalized advice to an individual in connection with the monitoring of its weight, comprising the steps: / a / obtaining a plurality of previous weighing the individual considered, each weighing giving the total weight and body fat levels , / b / derive a characteristic curve (S1) of the individual, by matching at least the total weight and the weight of fat, / c / obtain a target total weight (P2) of the user to achieve a target term, and therefore a target change in total weight, / d / derive a target number of calories to lose corresponding to target changes in fat mass and lean mass deduced from the change in total weight, / e / make available user a personalized set of exercise and / or diet.


This research work was aimed at appraising the survival of a  Escherichia coli's strain as resistant to the nalidixic  acid, through inoculation into sand samples exposed to sun light. The experimental layout was designed in six  microcosmos, namely: (a) working experiment – sterilized sand plus sterile saline plus E. coli ; (b) control experiment –  non-sterilized sand plus sterile saline plus  E. coli ; (c) blank control – sterilized sand + sterile saline, with three of them  being exposed to sun light and three kept in the dark, protected against sun light's influence. Considering the experimental  microcosmos and after a 48-hour period of sun light exposition had elapsed, no E. coli strain was recovered what bears out  the fact that the ultraviolet irradiation is lethal to a viable cell. The samples from inoculated sand were not found to be  favorable to the growth of  E. coli cultivation broth when exposed to sun light.


The Fairfax County Department of Transportation (DOT) manages a fixed-route bus system (the Fairfax Connector) that encompasses 58 routes. To better support the planning, operation and marketing of this pus system, the Fairfax County DOT and the Fairfax County Department of Information Technology (DIT) formed a team to develop a pilot project of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) transit applications. These applications serve as a demonstration to facilitate automation, analysis, accessing, and plotting of transit data. To be successful, the applications had to be cost effective and match users' technical needs with their abilities. While the applications demonstrate potentials of GIS in transit, they will have to be further refined for the final system implementation based on staff comments.


This article discusses state security in cyberspace as a ground for legitimising interference with the exercise of personal rights and freedoms. It aims to outline the circumstances which justify restricting civil liberties and the underlying rules for such restrictions. Constitutional freedoms and rights are not absolute and as such may be restricted in the event of material threat. However, such restriction may not be arbitrary or serve as a means of political attack. It was expressly indicated by the legislators when, and by whom, certain restrictions might be introduced, and when such interference would be considered inadmissible. The types of restrictions on human and civil rights and freedoms should correspond to the nature and degree of the cyberspace threats that affect the normal functioning of the state. This article uses the legal dogmatics method to analyse the current legal regulations in terms of cybersecurity as a justifying ground for restricting personal freedoms and rights.


The image collection system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle plays an important role in the postearthquake response and disaster investigation. In the postearthquake response period, for hundreds of image stitching or 3D model reconstruction, the traditional UAV image processing methods may take one or several hours, which need to be improved on the efficiency. To solve this problem, the UAV image rapid georeference method for postearthquake is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we discuss the rapid georeference model of UAV images and then adopt the world file designed and developed by ESRI to organize the georeferenced image data. Next, the direct georeference method based on the position and attitude data collected by the autopilot system is employed to compute the upper-left corner coordinates of the georeferenced images. For the differences of image rotation manners between the rapid georeference model and the world file, the rapid georeference error compensation model from the image rotation is considered in this paper. Finally, feature extraction and feature matching for UAV images and referenced image are used to improve the accuracy of the position parameters in the world file, which will reduce the systematic error of the georeferenced images. We use the UAV images collected from Danling County and Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, to implement the rapid georeference experiments employing different types of UAV. All the images are georeferenced within three minutes. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper satisfies the time and accuracy requirements of postearthquake response, which has an important application value.


Introduction: The Agrarian University of Havana "Fructuoso Rodriguez Perez" (UNAH), is immersed in a constant improvement of its substantive processes. Objective: To design a strategy that allows the increase of the effectiveness of the Internationalization Management team at UNAH. The theoretical and empirical methods were applied, as well as personal style questionnaire techniques on team roles, self-knowledge, complete brain and the Kolb learning style test. Results: The diagnosis made it possible to know the characteristics of the Internationalization Management team. Based on the commitment of the different roles, the performance of each member and the ability to add value to the joint work was favored. Conclusions: It is evident the need to achieve synergies to contribute to the objectives of the institution. This research can contribute to improve the performance of the Internationalization office in any university.


Abstract The rocks of the Seychelles can be divided into two age groups, namely Precambrian granites and younger (Cretaceous/Tertiary) intrusive rocks. The latter can be further subdivided into alkaline ring complexes (as found on the islands of Silhouette and North Island) and basic dykes (on Praslin, Felicité and Mahé islands). Evidence from offshore seismic work and drill holes suggests that Cretaceous/Tertiary magmatism occurred over the whole Seychelles Bank, producing both flood basalts and central volcanic complexes. The flood basalts extend at least as far south as 10°S/60°E. The younger igneous rocks of the Seychelles show close similarities to the Deccan igneous rocks of India. Tholeiitic dykes from Praslin have previously been shown to resemble Bushe Formation tholeiites from the Deccan, and here we show that the Felicité Island dykes also resemble Bushe. We show also that the alkaline dykes of Mahé and North Island are chemically similar to the dykes at Murud on the west coast of India. Isotopically the Seychelles undersaturated rocks fall within the fields of the Deccan tholeiites. In India, alkaline magmatism post-dates the tholeiitic magmatism; the age difference is of the order of 3 Ma. This is similar to the age difference between shield-building and rejuvenated-stage magmatism on Hawaiian volcanoes, which has been related to reactivation of the volcanoes by the passage of the Hawaiian Arch. We propose that the Deccan alkaline magmatism is a continental equivalent of oceanic rejuvenated-stage volcanism.


The demand for higher product availability has increased through product and service offerings such as Product Service Systems (PSS), where the product is sold for its use rather than the product itself. This has led to pressures on maintenance operations, particularly for out of sight products. Some authors have suggested applying sensors and the use of diagnostics and prognostics to monitor product performance driven by the generally held belief that diagnosing and/or predicting future failure will lead to higher product availability. In this paper, we show the ability of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to compare between different product monitoring levels. This capability is then applied to an industrial case to investigate whether or not the higher the monitoring level leads to higher product availability.


ABSTRACT Online teaching has come to play an increasingly important role in higher education, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Being unable to be on campus with face-to-face teaching can be challenging. This article provides a possible option of how first-year engineering students at NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) adapt to mastering higher mathematics. The purpose of the research is to see whether a more 'face to face' experienced online teaching technological method will have a positive impact on student engagement, as well as exam performance. We refer to this new method as 'TeachUs' in this paper for the sake of convenience. This method gives eye contact experience for the students, which has been shown to improve engagement. The surveys of the student groups confirmed the preference of this teaching method as compared to conventional screen sharing methods.


The problem of developing beer drinks with added fruits, berries or extract's of plant is very actual problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using syrup and rose hips in technology Ales. In the work explored the form of the introduction of rose hips, as well as the stage of application, and the maximum allowable amount of additive. The proportion of syrup in different dose was 20 25 and 30% by weight of malt. Syrup made at the stage of wort boiling with hops. Rose hips were added to the number 15,20 and 25 g/l for 5 minutes before the end of wort boiling. The influence of introduced additives on the activity of yeast were studied. It is shown that the biomass growth and activity of yeast in all the variants of the experiment are practically the same. The article discusses the effect of different concentrations of rose hip syrup and insertion of the fruit on the fermentation and quality of final beer. The introduction of the investigated concentrations of the syrup does not impact greatly on the course of fermentation, physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic characteristics of the beverage. Samples with the addition of syrup to the basic characteristics are similar to control sample. They are distinguished caramel taste, aggravated by the increasing share of the syrup. It is shown that the optimal form to make the herbal supplement of rose hips in the technology of production of Ales are rose hips. The most balanced organoleptic characteristics was the sample with the rose hips in a quantity of 0,4 kg on 1 dal Ale.


Medicines use reviews (MURs), introduced as part of the advanced service of the new pharmacy contract in England, are structured, concordance-centred reviews with patients receiving medicines for longterm conditions to establish a picture of their use of medicines, both prescribed and nonprescribed. Although this service creates an opportunity to explore patients' experiences with a view to improving their knowledge and use of medicines, little is known about the impact and value of MURs. Pharmacists' involvement in the medication review process has been tested in a number of randomised controlled trials. In general these have shown that clinical medication review by pharmacists with specific training and with full access to all relevant information shows some positive findings such as identification and resolution of medication-related problems and a reduction in prescribing costs. However, other studies, in which pharmacists had access to limited clinical data, have demonstrated that such clinical medication reviews do not seem to translate into measurable benefits to patients or health services, leading to questions over the value of pharmacist-led medication reviews and in particular the MUR service. Despite being an advanced service of the pharmacy contract, there is little evidence to support their effectiveness and their value for money. Indeed research has identified specific challenges associated with MURs. These include GPs' poor reception of the MUR service and paperwork, the commercial pressure to undertake MURs as perceived by some pharmacists, and the lack of confidence that pharmacists may experience in conducting MURs. In addition, previous work has suggested that patients' experiences of a more specific type of medication review were not always as positive as they could have been. We report the findings of a small scale study that aimed to quantify the effect of MURs on GPs' prescribing and, using a nested qualitative study, explore pharmacists' perceptions of the impact of MURs on patients, thus allowing us to match a provider perspective of MURs against routinely collected prescribing data. In doing so we aim to establish how pharmacists' beliefs and expectations relate to GP prescribing practices for a target group of patients with or at risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a national priority. The average pharmacy is expected to have 122 people with angina and 24 people each year needing treatment following a heart attack. Patients with CHD are potentially at risk of suboptimal adherence to their medicines and may be viewed as a group of patients for whom there are opportunities to discuss and improve concordance issues.These risk factors arise for a number of reasons. Patients may be started on multiple medicines all at once after suffering a myocardial infarction. They may be taking multiple medicines, and/or medicines that require strict dosage instructions (which may affect compliance — eg, nitrates and statins), or patients may have limited understanding of why they are taking their medicines. To better understand the impact of MURs on patients with CHD we aimed to quantify the effect on GP prescribing for patients who have undergone such a review. Although we know that GPs have concerns over the MUR service, we know little of pharmacists' perceptions of this service. Therefore we also explored community pharmacists' perceptions of MURs and its impact on patients. It was expected that for patients with CHD any recommendations arising from the MUR process and communicated to the GP would mainly be concerned with improving the ease with which patients are able to take their medicines.We also expected there would be some clinical issues relayed to the GP relating to identification of drug therapy problems.


vertebrate tracksites are known throughout East and Southeast Asia, especially in the Jurassic and Cretaceous where they are dominated by the tracks of dinosaurs. In contrast, Late Paleozoic and Triassic track sites are rare, absent or unknown in most regions, and Cenozoic track sites are also sparsely distributed in many areas. Most Early Jurassic tracksites occur in China and are dominated by the tracks of theropods (e.g., Grallator and Eubrontes) with rare reports of sauropods and small omitbopods (Anomoepus). Such assemblages are typical of other regions, and ichnologists should be aware that Jurassic theropod track names are over-split, especially in the Chinese literarure where provincial ichnotaxomomy creates artificial differences. Middle and Late Jurassic sites are still poorly known and poorly documented. Despite problems with dating Cretaceous sites in some regions, Early Cretaceous sites are abundant and well-documented and widely distributed in China, Korea, Japan and Thailand where many have produced distinctive ichnotaxa which are so far unknown in other regions. These include the dinosaurian ichnogenera Minisauripus, Velociraptorichnus, Dromaeopodus, Dromaeosauripus, Toyamosauripus, Asianopodus, Siamopodus, Chabus and Qiiiangpus, the avian ichnoge-neraJindongornipes, Hwangsanipes, Uhangrichnius, Goseongornipus, Shandongornipes and Pullornipes and the pterosaurian ichnogenus Haenamichnus. The Lower Cretaceous of east Asia (especially Korea and China) has the best bird track record currently known. Generally, Upper Cretaceous tracks are less well-studied ichnotaxonomically but they are reported from significant localities in China, Korea and Mongolia. Cenozoic track sites are rare in Asia, but a number of Plio-Pleistocene sites are known in Japan, and Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites with hominid tracks occur in Japan, Korea and Tibet. The potential for a significant new Mesozoic and Cenozoic finds is probably greatest in the arid regions of Mongolia and northern and western China. However, the rate of new discovery and publication in many parts of East and Southeast Asia, shows that research in vertebrate ichnology is healthy and vibrant. Efforts to preserve important sites and develop them for education have also been impressive in many cases


This paper analyses the reformational measures brought forward by construction ministry on "control quantity,directive price,competitive fee" 1992.It points out to set up a running mechanism uniting "government custody,mediservice,enterprise self-control".


Among the most successful systems for homogeneous catalysis, hydrogenation catalysts capable of activating molecular hydrogen, take outstanding roles in research laboratories and in industry. To open up the field of continuous catalytic hydrogenations a novel membrane reactor concept was developed and successfully applied for hydrogenations with dihydrogen both for chemical and for enzymatic catalysis. The hydrogenase I of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was utilized for the continuous hydrogenation of NADP+ to NADPH with recycling of the enzyme by means of ultrafiltration. The well known PyrPhos-Rh system was used for the enantioselective synthesis of an amino acid derivative by hydrogenation.


What is this Thing Called CWIS? Once you're sure you need a CWIS, you might like to know just what it is you've decided you must have. In October 1989, I presented the paper "University‐Wide General‐Interest Online Information Systems That Work — And That You Can Afford" to the ACM SIGUCCS conference. The title of this paper is really a definition of an ideal CWIS. If you spot something that fits this definition, it is definitely a fine CWIS. Unfortunately there are many CWIS imposters that fit only a few parts of this definition. Don't be surprised when those CWISes fail to deliver all of the advantages of a CWIS.


Julie Barbour, daughter of Mrs. and Mrs. Raymond Barbour of 1101 N. Brush St. receives ashes on her forehead from Rev. Omer Rethinger at St. Ann's Catholic Church in Fremont, Ohio in observance of Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent.


57 ABSTRACT A circumferentially cemented lens unit includes first and second lenses opposed to each other with a space therebe tween on an optical axis thereof. The first lens has a concave surface, part of the second lens is a contact portion disposed radially inward from the periphery of the second lens and is in contact with a peripheral portion of the concave surface of the first lens. The first and second lenses are cemented to each other at a portion radially outward from the contact portion.


With the accelerating of global eco-environment change,ecological security becomes a research focus in the world. On the basis of Pressure- State - Response Model, a 4 - layer assessment indicator system of regional ecological security was carried out. Then,taking Guangdong Province (in South China) as a case study the authors assessed its ecological security situation from 1990 to 2003.The results show that the ecological security integrated index (ESII) tends to increase continually in 14 years,from 0.156 to 0.397,while its ecological pressure becomes tenser and this region is still in critical ecological security situation (Compared with perfect ecological security, which ESII is 1). It is believed that scientific and reasonable measures should be further strengthened,so as to realize the regional sustainable development.


Based on X-ray powder diffraction measurements of swelling, thermodynamic analysis of adsorption and kinetics, a mechanism of interaction between xylene isomers and two organoclay complexes was derived. The work is intended to resolve the factors which make possible the chromatographic separation of the xylene isomers with organoclays. Significant differences between the behavior of fresh organoclays and xylene vapor-conditioned organoclays were noted. Only small differences were apparent between the montmorillonite and the hectorite organoclays. Force constants, enthalpy changes, entropy changes, free energy changes and two specific rate constants were derived from the information obtained from this study.


My life changed after I had my baby. The baby changed my life, like, I don't know how to explain it. Since I had this baby, I got on the ball. Like I said "no." I have to be someone, if not for me,...


This paper presents an approach for estimating the efficiency of an induction motor operating in periodic intermittent service. The theoretical approach is based on a space vector model. This model yields the electrical behaviour of the motor during transients and, by extension, losses and instantaneous powers. Energy efficiency is calculated for the considered intermittent service. The accuracy of the theoretical model and its associated hypothesis are discussed considering experimental data recorded on a testing bench for periodic starting from zero speed. The differences between the efficiency for an intermittent service and the classical permanent operating point may be significant. This model gives extra information for the design of motorized systems working in intermittent services, in order to minimize their global environmental impact determined for their whole life. (7 pages)


The year was 1984. The Academy had just moved to spacious headquarters in Elk Grove Village, Ill., from a cramped building in Evanston. Commercial Internet did not exist, and timely communications were faxed. The Academy had 26,200 members and 124 employees.

Scroll ahead 31 years to 2015. The


This study aims to determine the turnover of capital to the sale of Multipurpose Stalls (WASERDA) in the Cooperative Unit Desa Mandiri Jaya Makmur Desa Banjar Jaya. From the results of the t test analysis, it is known that there is a significant effect on the variable (X) capital turnover and variable (Y) sales results. This is evidenced by the results of the t test calculation of 5.539, while the t table is 1.684 at the 5% significance level, which means that Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that for both large, medium and small profit institutions, the turnover of capital has an impact on the smooth running of business in the future. This is because capital is the same as an important part that flows all activities to various sectors and scales so that they can run properly, and in the end will increase economic growth for both institutions and human resources in it.


As a pediatrician who cares for children with life-threatening, complex chronic conditions, Dr. Chris Feudtner hears the word "hope" on a daily basis. Dr. Feudtner discusses prevalent presumptions about hope and offers alternative propositions.


It can contribute to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the evaluation of the evaluation object to. Evaluation subject to peak of the peaks detected at a specific wavelength from the multi-component pharmaceutical 3D chromatogram and the peak retention time, with the FP creation portion 3 that creates a target FP constituted by UV spectrum of the peak, this evaluation device multicomponent agents including FP creation unit 3 includes a reference FP selecting section 5 for selecting a reference FP that is suitable for the peak assignments of the target FP from a plurality of reference FP, each peak of the reference FP that are selected as target FP to a peak pattern preparing unit 7 for creating a peak pattern consists of three peaks including two peaks present example, at least one of the front and back time axis direction, the peak patterns and the peak of UV the ratio between the peak attributable portion 9 for identifying the corresponding peak compares the spectrum, the peaks of the peak was assigned a plurality of reference FP example MT method Characterized by comprising an evaluation unit 11 that evaluates.


Educators in professional degree programs are charged with multiple responsibilities in the classroom and in practice settings. We apply our professional knowledge in a variety of settings to serve our communities; we reflect on how to improve practice from our experiences in these settings; we observe our students engaging in learning experiences in the classroom; and we share with our students the knowledge we've gained from our experiences and our scholarship within our profession. To accomplish these actions we must serve as both teacher and learner in both classroom and field. Moreover, we want our students to also benefit from the active learning processes of applying, reflecting, sharing, and observing both in and out of the classroom while also functioning as both learners and teachers. Although we can accomplish all these goals over an entire curriculum, this article seeks to provide an example of one teacher's attempt to achieve these goals within a single Social Work course in Death and Grief. A model is provided that demonstrates how the interactive process works for both the teacher and students in this course and could be adapted for use in other courses incorporating practice settings as part of the curricula.


In the preparation of reconstituted tobacco leaf by papermaking method,yeast was used to treat the extracted concentrated solution of tobacco peduncle stuff.The results showed that the sugar content in the treated extracted concentrated solution was half of that in the untreated extracted concentrated solution.The sugar content in the finished product of reconstituted tobacco leaf with yeast application was significantly reduced,and its ratio of sugar to alkali tended more reasonable.The sensory quality of the reconstituted tobacco leaf which was formed by the application of yeast was evaluated,the result indicated that yeast had significant effect on the improvement of the comprehensive quality of the reconstituted tobacco leaf by papermaking.


Since October 2009,there are so many arguments of LGFV in China's academia and media,which are not clarified.LGFV is not a scientifically defined concept,and its contents and scopes are different according to different government documents.There are many significant divergences on the roles and functions of LGFV.Actually,not one Chinese organization named "LGFV".Concerning 'debt risk' of LGFV,existing evidences sound unreliable.For example,the assessment of the risk of bank loans is not true/certain,the estimation of the repayment of the loan lacks of financial common sense,while 'Land Finance' is an wrong term.Moreover,the nature of LGFV debt and its local government guarantee are ambiguous.To address the lack of funds of local government for urbanization,reform of financial system and relevant issues should be emphasized


This paper describes the model of convolutional neural network which is designed for multi-label human activity recognition. The possibilities of using activity recognition systems in the daily life of a person are considered. As part of this work, the study is conducted for the method of recognizing human activity on an image that can be obtained from a surveillance camera. To obtain more accurate recognition results, the network model used technology of transfer learning. Several pre-trained convolutional networks are considered using two types of transfer learning in order to find the best solution. The deep learning networks for solving the problem are implemented in Python using deep learning libraries. Considered models are trained to recognize binary multi-label human activity. Training and testing are performed on images collected by the author. The article also provides the obtained training and testing results of different models of convolutional neural networks. The data obtained are tabulated and also presented in graphical form. Keywords—image recognition; computer vision; human activity recognition; machine learning; artificial neural networks; deep learning; convolutional neural networks; transfer learning


The first practical light emitting diode (LED) was created almost four decades ago. With the explosion of the internet, mobile phones, portable laptop computers, and a myriad of other electronic items, we are now in the middle of an electronic revolution. LED is playing an important role in this revolution because of the numerous fields in which LEDs are used such as lights, displays, projectors, even vision aid, etc. Advances in the development of LEDs have now made LED semiconductor components available across the entire color spectrum. In much the same way as fluorescent lighting forty years ago, LED revolutionizes the entire field of lighting technology. Achieving maximum light yield at minimum production cost is a decisive factor for new low-cost applications. Thus flip chip (FC) technology is attracting rapidly increasing interests from research organizations to relevant companies. Due to flip chip design all electrical contacts are formed in one assembly step and wire bonding isn't necessary. The second advantage is the good heat transfer that allows high current and therefore high power of the LED. And another advantage of flip chip is that it has a much bigger lighting surface than traditional packaged LEDs, this will make the LEDs hold a high brightness and lighting efficiency.


The paper analyzes the gasdynamic evolution of the test mixture flow in the shock tube at the stage prior to reaction start. The numerical analysis clearly shows that the incepience of reaction kernels is associated with the specific features of flow development in the boundary layer behind an incident shock wave. It is shown that similar to the processes in the gas flow near a solid surface, the gasdynamic instability arises and develops in the flow behind a shock wave. The linear stage of instability development determines the formation of roll-up vortices at a certain distance behind the shock front. Further, at the nonlinear stage, these roll-up vortices transform in more complex structures that diffuse into the bulk flow. Evolution of vortices causes temperature redistribution on the scales of the boundary layer. On the one hand, there is a certain heating due to the kinetic energy dissipation. On the other hand, there are heat losses to the wall. As a result, the temperature field near the wall becomes nonuniform. The reflected shock amplifies temperature perturbations when interacts with the developed boundary layer. This mechanism determines the formation of hot kernels in which the reaction starts. So, the localized sites of exothermal reaction are arising providing conditions for reaction wave formation and propagation in the precompressed test gas.


Representative samples of loaves of white and brown sliced and unsliced breads were obtained in seven regional centres in Britain for separate analysis; samples of 13 different types of breads and rolls were purchased in each region but were then bulked into nationally representative samples; and nine other breads and rolls were purchased in the London area only. Considerable difficulties were encountered in all regions in correctly identifying wholemeal products. Each type of bread was analysed for moisture, protein, fat, sugars, starch, dietary fibre, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, chloride, thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B6, free and total folic acid. There were no significant regional differences in the nutrient content of the white and brown sliced and unsliced breads. The presence of salt added during baking also showed no regional differences. Unsliced and unwrapped white and brown loaves contained less moisture than sliced loaves and hence slightly higher levels of nutrients. However, there were no significant differences on a dry matter basis. Breads and rolls are nutritionally variable products, but generally the nutritional content reflected the extraction rates of the flours from which they were baked and the requirement to fortify with nutrients under the Bread and Flour Regulations (1963). Levels of dietary fibre and total folic acid were higher than those previously published, and energy, protein, fat, available carbohydrate, iron and thiamin levels were slightly lower. The levels of fat reflected the quantity of wheat germ and fats added during baking. The fatty acid compositions also depended on the level of high melting point bakery fat added as an ingredient.


A voice activity detector architecture based on an analog feature extractor and a mixed signal classification stage is proposed for ultra-low power activity. The feature extraction stage is composed of a set of analog band-pass filters and frame energy estimators. The classification stage has a fully connected first layer built with ultra-low power consumption ring oscillators, followed by gated recurrent unit layers. The ring oscillator based layer consumes nWs according to transient simulations performed in a low power 65 nm CMOS technology. Additionally it features the ability to perform the analog-to-digital conversion required to handle subsequent GRU layers, as well as the possibility of computing a non-linear function like sigmoid seizing the intrinsic non-linearity of the ring oscillator. Training and testing operations are made proving competitive classification performance between a baseline model and our proposed architecture. In light of this, proper features for deployment on power-restricted edge-computing applications are shown.


The accuracy problem induced by phase error in time-division multiplexing of three-axis fiber optic gyroscope in dynamic situation has not been solved effectively.The system input and output difference equation is derived by the gyro model parameters.By simulating the equation in amplitude and phase-frequency region,the amplitude of phase error has relation to the system accuracy without any condition of phase-frequency impact.M-point iteration phase error estimation algorithm is provided at first time.The steps of the algorithm and its flowchart are made in detail,in which lock-dead mechanism here and in other general data trend estimation algorithms is analyzed.And an effective solving way based on the leap coefficient and a forgetting factor is also provided.A judgment rule is introduced to avoid the impact of exceptional data.Then the convergence rate and the practical application of this algorithm are discussed in several comparison simulations and experiments.A conclusion from the experimental data in dynamic situation is that the algorithm can improve the precision of single axis with time-division multiplexing more than 1.3 times.


Feedstock recycling of secondary raw materials is the backbone of the Circular Economy (CE). The efficient recovery of resources, energy, along with achieving minimal environmental impact is mandatory for the successful realization of CE. Chicken manure is an interesting waste stream due to its content of nutrients, in particular of phosphorus, which makes it a suitable feedstock for fertilizer applications. However, the contamination caused by antibiotics, organic pollutants, and sanitary aspects demand the manures treatment before further recycling. Thermochemical treatment based on intermediate pyrolysis targets decentral application to produce carbonized solids for fertilizer application. This work evaluated pyrolysis char from the pyrolysis of chicken manure in comparison to the original feedstock using state-of-the-art thermal treatment, i.e., combustion in grate furnaces. The samples were evaluated in terms of chemical and mineralogical composition by applying several analytical techniques. Bio-availability of the main nutrients (NPK) was assessed by adopting standard methods. Additionally, the effect on toxicity was discussed by means of heavy metals analysis, as well as of pot tests. Results showed, that pyrolysis had a far more positive effect on nutrient availability compared to combustion, and it provided a suitable method for the thermal treatment of contaminated feedstocks.


Real convergence study began with the development of neoclassical models of growth and especially with the passage of econometric applications of these models. In this paper we present applications of indicators and patterns of convergence on the example of European Union member countries and some current economic impact assessments on European convergence process. This analysis is based on the estimated σ- and β convergence and on Markov chains. The study deals with the economic convergence of the European countries and especially the convergence of the EU countries, including Romania. In the end of the study presents several economic scenarios for a faster and easier exit from the current crisis in Romania.


Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the process of computationally identifying and labeling poly- semous words in context with their correct meaning, known as a sense. WSD is riddled with various ob ...


The configuration interaction (CI) method where the efficiency of the generators of the unitary group is most fully exploited is the internally contracted multireference CI method. In the most recent version of this method the semi-internal configurations were kept uncontracted, which means that the number of configurations can still be quite large. In the present study the necessary formulas are derived for the case where the semi-internal states are also contracted. The highest density matrix that appears in these formulas is of order 5, and the computational treatment of this large matrix is discussed in detail.


In recent years, the increasing danger to groundwater quality due to human actions has become a matter of great fear. An enormous common of groundwater quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by over-exploitation, or by combination of both. To understand the problem of contamination, there is a need to know about the different parameters on growth of bacteria which is known as physic-chemical parameters. there are two different methods are used to get the results of fecal coli by using H2S paper strip and modified H2S paper strip test. The sources of water are considered well or hand pump bore well and tap water with also the consideration of toilets. This test provides the results related to the variation of contamination level with respect the depth the water using two different equipments i.e. H2S paper strip and modified H2S paper strip test.


ABSTRACT The article examines Hölderlin's poem as a tragic response to Romantic reflection as formulated by Fichte, and in this context shows that the poem's interest in Klopstock, recognized by recent scholarship, is a critical one. Hölderlin, like Hegel, discerns a continuity between Klopstock's emphasis on feeling and the problems of Fichtean reflection. The article concludes by looking at the poem's critical anticipation of later Romantic developments, and its significant relation to Goethe's 'Auf dem See'.


The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the floristic and phytocoenotic diversity within widespread association of acute sedge meadows Caricetum gracilis Savich 1926 in the floodplain of the Desna River (Bryansk and Smolensk regions, Russia).

Available geobotanical data on Desna floodplain, collected in the last 40 years, allowed identifying the main dynamic trends in the syntaxonomical space. Based on 36 relevés made by the authors in 1975–1990 previously (Bulokhov, 2001) 3 subassociations, which communities were prevalent in the Desna valley, were established: Caricetum gracilis typicum, С. g. oenanthetosum aquaticae, С. g. beckmannietosum eruciformis.

As a survey of the Desna floodplain in 2015–2018 showed, both flow decrease and drop in the level of spring flood and groundwater in the XXI century have led to a change in the appearance, floristic composition, and structure of acute sedge meadows. Xerophytization of the floodplain resulted in the disappearance of the С. g. oenanthetosum aquaticae and С. g. beckmannietosum eruciformis communities. Drying of typical habitats of moist acute sedge meadows became the background of the formation of diverse communities of other types in their place.

In the coenoflors of these communities changes occurred at the class level from Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 to Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937.

Two groups of communities have been formed. The first group is represented by syntaxa of the alliance Magnocaricion gracilis (class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea): Caricetum gracilis typicum with variant Achillea salicifolia as well as by the communities Lythrum salicaria, Calystegia sepium, Calamagrostis canescens. The share of the alliance characteristic species in their coenofloras is 54–64%, and Carex acuta, as a rule, dominates.

The second group represents the communities of wet meadows (order Molinietalia caeruleae) of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The alliance Deschampsion cespitosae is established with subass. Poo palustris–Alopecuretum pratensis typicum (with three variants: Veronica longifolia, Hierochloё odorata, Galium physocarpum) and three communities (Cirsium arvense, Lysimachia vulgaris, Stachys palustris) The share of characteristic species of the order in their coenofloras is 58–95%.

All communities and variants form series along the moisture gradient in habitats of acute sedge meadows. Communities Lythrum salicaria, Calystegia sepium, Calamagrostis canescens are distributed in the wettest and richest in mineral nitrogen habitats in the Middle Desna area, in the former long-flooded low-level floodplain. The other ones occur, first of all, in the Upper and Middle Desna areas on a short- and long-flooded floodplain of an average level. These communities are forming on moist and fresh soils.

The variants and communities on the gradients of moisture and the richness of mineral nitrogen of the soil were ordinated using the ecological scales of H. Ellenberg et al. (1992). Serial communities form an ecological-dynamic sere on a humidity gradient, showing the direction of their dynamics.

The same localization of studies carried out both in 1975–1990 and in 2015–2018 identified changes in vascular plant coenoflora of the ass. Caricetum gracilis for this period: from 62 species in 1975–1990 to 143 species in 2015–2018. There are three groups of species, which reflects these changes.

Besides species affine to the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, numerous meadow herbs of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea appeared: Agrimonia eupatoria, Agrostis tenuis, Bromopsis inermis, Carex praecox, Dactilys glomerata, Dianthus deltoides, Elytrigia repens, Equisetum arvense, Festuca pratensis, Galium mollugo, Geranium pratense, Galium physocarpum, Hieracium umbellatum, Hierochloё odorata, Lathyrus pratensis, Odontites vulgaris, Poa pratensis, Potentilla argentea, Potentilla erecta, Phleum pratense, Vicia cracca.

A complex of ruderal explerent and nitrophilous species with numerous alien ones has been formed: Bidens frondosa, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Cirsium arvense, Echinocystis lobata, Epilobium adenocaulon, E. collinum, E. pseudorubescens, E. tetragonum, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Linaria vulgaris, Senecio jacobaea, Sonchus arvensis. Most of these species are anemoсhores, and their presence in the sedge communities is associated with open site formation due to the soil drying between hummocks, as well as the destruction of sedge tussocks under drying and fire.

Over the past decade invasive species Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus subsp. septentrionalis, E. canadensis,and Lactuca serriola have become an ordinary component of the Desna's river valley flora. Trees and shrubs (Acer negundo, Betula pendula, Frangula alnus, Quercus robur, Rosa majalis, Salix cinerea, S. pentandra, Swida alba) enter into meadow communities because the lack of haymowing.

The following changes in the life form spectrum took place due to the floodplain xerophytization and acute sedge meadow transformation: the proportion of long-rhizome species decreased, while that of rod-root, short-rhizome, and annuals increased; trees and shrubs appeared. Obvious also are changes in the ecobiomorphspectrum: the proportion of mesomorphic species increased, that of hygromophic and mesogygromorphic ones decreased; xero-mesomorphic plants appeared.


A PI/cellulose composite separator was prepared by adsorbing bacterial cellulose on a PI separator prepared via a papermaking process. The PI/cellulose separator exhibited good thermal stability and electrolyte wetting properties compared to commercial celgard 2340 separator. The amount of bacterial cellulose added was 20%. Bacterial cellulose fills the porosity of the PI separator. The PI/cellulose composite separator possesses excellent thermal stability even at 200 °C and high electrolyte wettability with a contact angle of 58°.


Preface .lory Johnson Garden design is a transformation of nature into a visionary and symbolic expres sion; it is not merely an ordering of plants within a described boundary, which might be termed landscaping. Parks, larger land scapes and even most backyards are shaped by an accrual of a r t i  facts and interventions such as roads, build ings, playing fields and monuments. They are a collective expression of popular culture, while a garden is a sin gular expression. This is more a critical judg ment than a definilion, but it is important to realize that a garden can be a very public place. Gardens are distinctive not for their private nature, but for the designer's intention. What, then, is an Amer ican garden? Like archi tecture, gardens in the United States during the 18lh and 19th cen turies were strongly influenced by European models. Often, they were copies of Euro pean gardens with little regard for their context or meaning. In the 20th century, this eclectic borrowing broadened to include Japanese references, as well as the abstraction of functional forms from nature. American gar den design has not been widely regarded either as a fine art worthy of serious investigation and critical analysis or as fertile ground for psychological and meta physical speculation. By describing the garden in subcategories such as walks, groundcovers and walls, many gar den publications have reduced the idea of the garden to a combination of ingredients which provide comfort, func tion and horticultural display. Any meaningful discus sion of the American garden must address the American landscape. In the nation's early days, the Edenic wonder and transcendence of its unspoiled beauty lured the painters of the Hud son Kiver and Lumiuist schools with images of primal creation. In their vast canvases, man is a tiny spectator. Americans, however, soon learned to domes ticate this majestic landscape. The wilder ness was tamed through celebration of anoma lies such as New Hamp shire's Old Man of the Mountain, or by fram ing photo opportunities of the Grand Canyon and other scenic won ders. Today, the grand est views of Niagara Falls are so enshrined in popular culture that they can never again inspire the awe cap tured in Frederick Edwin Church's paint ings. For the designers in this exhibition, a field of California pop pies, a row of Siberian iris or a tangle of cha parral have become symbols of the formerly sacred and sublime landscape. 11 is no longer the spectacle of Niagara Falls hut the daily ebb and How of a Miami tide that embod ies the spiritual essence of nature. Many of the partici pants in the exhibition, free to invent their site and context, produced designs which exemplify a strong response to ecology and regional culture. But they do more than mimic motifs or regional styles: they transform aspects or emblems of the regional landscape into gardens where one can make spiritual connections to one's native culture and values. The gardens are not only sited along the Virginia coast or on a Midwestern farm, for example, hut also express the bonded humanity of Virginia's past and present, or the independent, practical nature of the Illinois farmer. The range and diversity of its sources make it difficult to define the American garden. At the same time, these are the very qualities which make the garden a pro vocative field for artis tic exploration today. Americans are not beholden to the almost Places / Volume 3, Number 3


Lukács argues in this section that the basis for any correct cognition of reality, whether of nature or society, is the recognition of the objectivity of the external world, that is, its existence independent of human consciousness. Any apprehension of the external world is nothing more than a reflection in consciousness of the world that exists independently of consciousness. (25) Arguing that the " theory of reflection provides the common basis for all forms of theoretical and practical mastery of reality through consciousness " (25), Lukacs contends that this " basic fact of the relationship of consciousness to being " (25) also " serves for the artistic reflection of being " (25). His goal here, he explains is to " elaborate the specific aspects of artistic reflection within the scope of the general theory " (25). Lukacs is of the view that a " materialist, dialectical theory " (25) of " objectivity and of the reflection in consciousness of a reality existing independent of consciousness " (25) is an " impossibility " (25) for the " bourgeois mind " (25). Rather, a " valid, comprehensive theory of reflection first arose with dialectical materialism, in the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin " (25). Lukacs criticises bourgeois philosophers for elevating the issue into a " question of epistemology " (25) and thereby becoming " trapped in mechanistic materialism or. .. philosophic idealism " (25). He cites in this regard Lenin's criticism of the former (empiricism) as ignorant of the dialectical " process and evolution of knowledge " (26) and unable to " apply dialectics to the theory of images " (26), and of the latter (rationalism) as prone to " subjectivism " (26) and guilty of a " pompous inflation of one aspect, of one side, of one frontier of knowledge to a sanctified absolute divorced from matter, from nature " (26). Lukács then turns to a " few aspects of the epistemology of Marxism-Leninism which are especially significant for the problem of objectivity in the artistic reflection of reality " (26). The first problem is " that of the direct reflections of the external world. All knowledge rests on them; they are the foundation, the point of departure for all knowledge " (26), he points out, but " only the point of departure and not all there is to the process of knowing " (26). Lukacs contends that sense-impressions may …


During the writing of this final editorial for Part III of the Special Issue on Group Counseling for African American Children and Adolescents, we are literally in the midst of two pandemics. First...


Application of optical field transmitting near or in the vicinity of the fiber core is often needed in the production of optical components,through comparing the implementations in the laboratory,axial-side rubbing of fiber was chosen as the experimental manner.At present,the technology of short fiber's rubbing has been basically matured,but the technology of long fiber is still a technical difficulty.The theoretically characters of axial-side rubbing is analyzed,and the experiment of long fiber's rubbing is achieved.After the comparison of experimental result and theoretical result,conclusions could be drawn as follows: the changing regularities are basically the same;the precision of rubbing is controllable,the length is optional,and even could be more than 10 cm,and given the parameters of fiber,the depth of rubbing should be controlled between 51.42 and 57.8 μm.


Historically, prosthetic solutions for the lower extremities have been confined to passive ankle/foot and knee devices. These components have demonstrated the ability to restore some, but not all, of the functional losses associated with lower limb amputation. The human ankle generally generates more work than it absorbs during both level-ground ambulation and during ascension tasks. The human knee absorbs net energy during level-ground ambulation but must generate net energy during ascension tasks. The inability of modern passive prosthetic mechanisms to replicate the energy demands of the lower limb has created a need for externally powered devices. At the ankle, design strategies have included pneumatic systems and battery-powered systems. In the case of the latter, efficiencies have been bolstered by coupling elastic springs with powered drive mechanisms capable of augmenting either the load or strain upon the springs to increase the energy released during gait. Several design strategies have demonstrated an ability to replicate the work requirements at the ankle, with additional suggestions of reduced energy consumption and increased self-selected walking speeds. The value of powered prosthetic knees may occur during ascension tasks, with early literature suggesting a decreased reliance on the sound side limb during transfers and step-over-step stair ascent. An emerging design is intentionally energy neutral during level walking, with the ability to generate positive work as needed during tasks of ascension. A single design strategy for a combination of ankle/knee prosthesis has been developed and reported upon in the form of cases studies.


We will study the spectrum for the biharmonic operator involving the laplacian and the gradient of the laplacian with weight, which we call third-order spectrum. We will show that the strict monotonicity of the eigenvalues of the operator , where , holds if some unique continuation property is satisfied by the corresponding eigenfunctions.


REFERENCES 1 American College of Sports Medicine. American College of sports medicine position stand. progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41:687–70. 2 Bennie JA, Lee DC, Khan A, et al. Musclestrengthening exercise among 397,423 U.S. adults: prevalence, correlates, and associations with health conditions. Am J Prev Med 2018;55:864–74. 3 Bennie JA, Pedisic Z, van Uffelen JGZ, et al. Pumping iron in Australia: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of muscle strengthening activity participation from a national sample of 195,926 adults. PLoS One 2016;11:e0153225. 4 Strain T, Fitzsimons C, Kelly P, et al. The forgotten guidelines: crosssectional analysis of participation in muscle strengthening and balance & coordination activities by adults and older adults in Scotland. BMC Public Health 2016;16:1108. 5 U.K Health and Social Care Information Centre. The health survey for England London, U.K: health and social care information centre, 2012. Available: https:// files.digital.nhs.uk/publicationimport/pub13xxx/ pub13218/hse2012-ch2phys-act-adults.pdf [Accessed 7 Jan 2022]. 6 Bennie JA, ShakespearDruery J, De Cocker K. Musclestrengthening exercise epidemiology: a new frontier in chronic disease prevention. Sports Med Open 2020;6:40. 7 Oja P, Titze S. Physical activity recommendations for public health: development and policy context. Epma J 2011;2:253–9. 8 Bull FC, AlAnsari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2020;54:1451–62. 9 Bennie J, Smith J, Marvos Y, et al. The neglected guideline resistance exercise and public health. J Sci Med Sport 2019;22:S9. 10 Momma H, Kawakami R, Honda T, et al. Musclestrengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and metaanalysis of cohort studies. Br J Sports Med 2022;56:755–63.


Given the continuous increase in life expectancy, elderly patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are becoming a growing proportion of those referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). However, this population is usually excluded from randomized trials and limited data are available to guide clinical decisions. The aim of this study-level meta-analysis was to describe and analyze the determinants of outcomes in this population.

 We searched the literature for studies reporting ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes and/or mortality in nonagenarian patients undergoing pPCI. An analysis of the heterogeneity between studies in outcome reports was performed with I2 test. A univariate meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between outcomes of interest and classic cardiovascular risk factors, gender, previous myocardial infarction (MI), MI location, PCI characteristics, hemodynamic instability, vascular access, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) use.

 Overall, 15 observational studies met our inclusion criteria, with a total of 6787 patients; mean age was 92.4 and 35% were male.
 The incidence of in-hospital death was 21.3%, 1.4% of our population suffered an in-hospital ischemic stroke and 11.1% faced acute renal failure; in-hospital major bleedings affected 1.7% of the population, but blood-transfusion was needed in 6.9%. Long-term mortality rate was 21.5%.
 Killip III-IV at admission was related with increased in-hospital mortality (β: 0.2%; p: 0.041), but lower incidence of ARF (β: −0.6%; p: 0.004). Angiographic success was associated with a lower incidence of long-term all-cause mortality (β: −1.7%; p: 0.017) and higher incidence of ARF (β: 1.7%, p<0.001). A higher number of coronary stents implanted was associated with a lower incidence of long-term all-cause mortality (β: −73%; p: 0.01). A higher long-term all-cause mortality was related with male gender (β: 0.9%; p: 0.027) and previous MI (β: 1.5%; p: 0.007). Diabetes was associated with a lower incidence of long-term all-cause mortality (β: −0.8%; p: 0.014) despite a higher incidence of in-hospital blood transfusion (β: 0.5%, p: 0.05), while a history of MI (β: 0.1%; p: 0.049), as well as the use of GPI (β: 0.04) was related with a higher incidence of in-hospital major bleeding. The use of IABP was related with a lower incidence of long-term all-cause death (β: 6.5%; p<0.001) and in-hospital major bleeding (β: −0.4%; p: 0.038).

 Our meta-analysis, pooling the largest cohort of nonagenarians undergoing pPCI confirms the feasibility of urgent percutaneous coronary intervention also in this frail population. In particular, although angiographic success increased the incidence of in-hospital ARF, it was associated with a higher long-term survival underling the pivotal role of myocardial reperfusion.

 Type of funding source: None


Objective To investigate chitosan degradated by combined method and production biological activity of degradation.MethodsChitosan was first degradated by cellulase depolymerization,and then was oxidated by H2O2.The effects of degradation on diabetic mice was observed.ResultsThe optimum cellulase depolymerization conditions were the mass of cellulase to chitosan(n)0.1,pH4.6,temperature(T)50℃ and time(t)3h.The optimum H2O2 oxidation conditions were the proportion of H2O2 to chitosan(n)0.8~1 ml/g,temperature(T)75℃,time(t) 1.5h.Under the optimum degradation condition about 1700 oligochitosan could be obtained.Moreover,the prepared oligochitosan showed obviously lowering blood-glucose activity when given to mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg and its effect was even over acarbose.ConclusionThis combined degradation method to chitosan is not only lowly cost and easy to industrialize,but also its preduct has a higher biological activity.


We can prevent a traffic accident by unexpected jumping out if perceive the approach vehicle in the walking traffic accident of the elderly person at an early stage. In this paper,, using a supersonic wave loudspeaker attached to a vehicle, we examined the technique to detect approaching vehicle in the walker side. We found that  detect the around 50m with high probability of more than 80% by using a tone burst as input to a supersonic wave speaker. We are going to perform the evaluation on various conditions in future.


Present study was to investigate and compare the phytochemical and biological activities of methanolic extracts of stem bark and callus. Leaf callus was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with NAA (1mg/l) and BAP (0.05mg/l). Agar well diffusion and micro-dilution bioassay were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extract and callus extracts of Kigelia pinnata were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The Disc diffusion method and micro-dilution bioassay were found to be satisfactory as both the extarcts showed inhibitory effects. Chloromphenicol and Streptomycin (disc) were used as Positive control. Micro-dilution bioassay showed significant activity with all extracts. Results obtained from in vitro antimicrobial testing indicated that the methanolic extract of leaves exhibited a stronger activity than the methanolic extract of the callus culture


EARLY OSTEOCLAST RESPONSES TO A CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTED MEAL IN CALCIUM DEFICIENT RATS Osteoclasts are large, irregularly-shaped, multinucleated cells. They are the primary cells responsible for the mobilization of calcium from bone (bone resorption). It is a well known fact that bone diseases (i.e. osteoporosis and osteopetrosis) occur as a result of The implicated bone cells include unbalanced cellular activity. osteoblasts (bone forming cells) and osteoclasts. The earlier one can detect abnormal bone cell function, the more efficient will be the diagnosis and treatment of diseased bone tissue. Numerous studies have been done on osteoclast morphology and function in vitro (Kallio, et al., 1972; Chambers and Magnus, 1982; Warshafsky, et al., 1985). On the other hand, in vivo studies showing time related early morphologic responses of osteoclasts to calcium Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats provide a repletion have not been done. reliable animal model for in vivo osteoclast research. We placed weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (72.9 g average weight) on On the last night of the a calcium deficient diet for 7 to 10 days. experiment, the experimental animal group was given a calcium supplemented meal for varying time periods: 30, 90, 180 and 360 minutes. At the end of each given time period, the animals were anesthetized with ether and blood was withdrawn from the animals for calcitonin assay. The animals were perfusion fixed and the diaphyseal portions of both tibias of each animal were decalcified using 3.7% EDTA and embedded in Poly/Bed 812. After sectioning the tissues and staining them with toluidine blue, the sections were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the light microscope. For the quantitative analysis, indices of bone-osteoclast contact were employed. No significant response of serum calcitonin was observed and therefore it is not known to what extent the osteoclast response was Changes in osteoclast morphology and due to the action of calcitonin. in their relationship to bone may have begun as early as 30 minutes. but significant changes were not observed until three hours after This indicates that osteoclasts can beginning calcium repletion. participate in the physiological responses to postprandial calcium


"This article tackles the irregularities of English language and the means of dealing with them. Starting from a short presentation of the history of English language and the way it has evolved throughout time, the present paper aims at understanding the underlying reciprocity of various levels of grammar that generates complexity and irregularity at one level, triggering at the same time changes at another level, having as a result an alteration of the symmetry of forms distribution in grammar. At some point in the process of learning English, students tend to get frustrated because almost no rule in English is straightforward and there are always exceptions to a rule; more than that, it somehow seems that breaking rules in English grammar has become a rule itself. However, in-depth understanding of grammar structures may prove useful for learners in order to master the use of English."


In this paper, an epsilon near zero metamaterial (ENZ) structure is proposed for the gain enhancement of a bow-tie antenna which normally has relatively low gain. The proposed antenna consists of a pair of bow-tie radiators, etched on the opposite sides of the dielectric substrate. The single bow-tie antenna loaded with an array of zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) unit cells in the E-plane, whose purpose is to effectively confine the electromagnetic waves in the end-fire direction to enhance the performance of the gain. The proposed structure is fabricated on the same substrate which is used to study the ENZ cell, which is Rogers 6035 dielectric substrate with relative permittivity of 3.5, thickness of 0.508 mm and loss tangent of 0.0013. The feeding line to the Bow-tie structure has λ/4 transformer to provide a good impedance match over the desired frequency band of 34 GHz–40 GHz. The fabricated bow-tie antenna loaded with the proposed ENZ cells exhibits a gain of 8–9.5 dB in the frequency band of 34–40 GHz for fifth generation (5G) cellular communication systems. The simulations are carried out using finite element method (FEM)-based Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio. The simulations and measured results have good agreement and the gain enhancement of the ENZ cells is confirmed.


Recent widespread use of hypermedia in education may be challenging to some learners because of information overload, technical novelty, and multiple levels of decision making, requiring their more self-regulatory learning ability. In scaffolding learners to be more self-regulated, it would be critical to expand our understanding about how learning with hypermedia relates to self-regulation. This paper reviews major theories of self-regulation and discusses recent research findings and their implications for facilitating undergraduates' self-regulated learning with hypermedia.


Bus rapid transit (BRT) as a valid means of public transportation for overpopulated country of China is an especial mode of travel to relieve traffic congestion. Despite utilizing exclusive bus line, BRT constantly experiences delay at intersections when encountering a red signal. Transit signal priority (TSP) considered as a promising control strategy to improve the operation efficiency of BRT has been widely used at isolated intersections or arterials to reduce travel delay. However, as a transport with schedule, the unexpected arrival time of transit vehicle at stop lines of consecutive intersections inevitably affects the operation reliability of the BRT system. To solve the problem, this study develops an optimization model of conditional TSP for bus rapid transit with the objective of improving the on-time performance of the BRT system while mitigating adverse impacts on private vehicles. A stop-to-stop segment is established with both road sections and intersections for the consideration of the transit operation reliability. The constraints on the degree of saturation and queue overflow were considered for mitigating adverse impacts of TSP. A mixed-integer non-linear programming procedure is adopted to formulate the optimization model. The mathematical model is linearized and solved by the branch-and-bound method. Extensive numerical analyses are conducted, and the proposed conditional TSP strategy is compared with unconditional TSP and no-TSP control to evaluate its performance under various traffic and signal conditions. A case study of a BRT line in Shanghai, China, was selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. For the tested scenarios, the transit on-time performance was improved by 21%, with an incurred cost of 3.4% increase in the delay of private vehicles. This indicates that the proposed model performs well in maintaining the reliability of the transit system with the least impact on general traffic.


With a ministry that spanned two world wars and over five decades, Fred Francis Bosworth (1877-1958) was considered one of the greatest authorities on divine healing. The author of Christ the Healer, he was a Pentecostal pioneer who reportedly led more than a million people to faith in Christ. He conducted some of the largest evangelistic healing campaigns ever reported in the United States.
Despite Bosworth's many accomplishments, there is little known about his life history. While much is known about his teachings on divine healing, there is a lack of research on how he developed into a famous healing evangelist. Bosworth has attributed his success to such practices as prayer and fasting, the baptism in the Holy Spirit, along with simple faith in the Word of God and the confession of the Word. Yet, his actual experiences may have played a more important role in his success than he or others have noted.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of experience in Bosworth's healing ministry, and explain how it served as a catalyst for his success as a healing evangelist. By seeing the ministry of healing in this light, the church will know more, I believe, about the value of experience in preparing one for future ministry. The primary methodology for this research was the historical case study, through which I collected and analyzed historical research data on Bosworth's life history. I reviewed his experiences on four levels: Personal, Corporate, Theological and Developmental.


The aim of the research is determination of millet seed scarification efficiency depending on the modes – the amount of seeds surface removal.
Scarification implies mechanical damage to the solid seed coat surface and its partial removal is applied to increase the intensity of seed germination. Studies oo implying this method on the millet seeds of the rod-shaped millet have shown that the seeds germination energy and sprouting significantly increase. On average for 15 experiments, these indicators increased by 7 % compared to the control – without scarification. A comprehensive study of the effect of scarification and vegetation years on germination energy and seed germination revealed that both the vegetation years and scarification influence these parameters. The share of factors influence on the seeds germination showed that the "vegetation year" factor was the dominant and made 70.9 %, the impact of scarification factor made only 6.9 %. The seeds quality in both control and scarification variants varied significantly depending on the vegetation years of the millet. The highest germination energy and sprouting were in the seeds of the seventh year, the lowest – the fourth year of the crop vegetation.
To investigate the impact of scarification on the seeds quality, a series of one-factor experiments were conducted in which the seeds of one batch were used. It is found that scarification with removing 2.8–8.8 % of the seed coat, provided a significant increase in seed germination compared to the control (without scarification). Removal of 8.8 % of the seed coat surface provided 9 % increase in germination energy and 6 % in sprouting increase; removal of 2.8 % of the surface provided germination energy increased by 11 % and sprouting increase by 8 %. The impact of the scarification factor on the germination energy and sprouting was significant and amounted to 50.0 and 84.0 %, respectively.
The application of scarification of the millet seed provides a reliable increase in its germination energy and sprouting, but this method does not solve the problem of reducing the seeds biological dormancy, so it is advisable to continue the study on the nature of the seed dormancy in order to clarify tme possibility of managing this phenomenon and improve the technology of obtaining sufficient amount of high germination seeds.
Key words: sprouting, germination energy, scarification, seed coat, seed mass.


Two field experiments were carried out at Wadi El-Rayan, Fayoum governorate, Egypt, 2012 / 2013 and 2013 / 2014 seasons to study the effect of foliar spraying with Nitrophoska fertilizer on growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition in two wheat cultivars to improve wheat productivity. The results could be summarized as follows: Misr-2 cultivar surpassed significantly Baniswef-4 cultivar in all growth characters under study in all growth stages in both seasons such as plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, number of tillers/plant, total dry weight (g), flag leaf area (cm) at 70, 100 and 130 days from sowing, also, number of spikes/m and weight of spikes (g/m) at 100 and 130 days after sowing. Significant variation were recorded between the tested foliar spraying treatments for growth characters at three growth stages in both seasons. The effective treatments for plant height, number of leaves and tillers/plant, total dry weight and flag leaf area / plant at 70, 100 and 130 days after sowing and number of spikes/m and weight of spikes/m at 100 and 130 days after sowing were obtained by spraying with 250cm/100 L. The interaction between wheat cultivars and foliar spraying with Nitrophoska fertilizer was significant increased in growth characters at all growth stages in both seasons. The highest values of all growth characters were obtained by using Misr-2 cultivar with 250cm/100L Nitrophoska fertilizer. Misr-2 cultivar gave higher plant height, number of spikes/m, grain and straw yields/m, weight of spikes/m,grain index, grain and straw yields (ton/fed.) and biological yield than Baniswef-4 cultivar in both seasons. Also, Misr-2 cultivar significantly surpassed Baniswef-4 cultivar for protein and carbohydrate percentage. While Baniswef-4 cultivar gave higher harvest index and productivity score than Misr-2 cultivar in both seasons. Spraying Nitrophoska fertilizer at rate of 250cm/100 L resulted in a significant increment in yield, yield component and chemical composition of wheat grain in both seasons. Significant variation between the tested rate of fertilizer treatments for all yield characters in both seasons. The effective treatment for all characters under study, except harvest index and productivity score was 250cm/100 L, while spraying with 200 cm/100 L gave the highest values of harvest index and productivity score. The effective treatments for number of spikes/m, grain yield g/m, grain index (g), biological yield g/m, grain yield ton/fed., straw yield ton/fed., biological yield ton/fed., protein percentage and carbohydrate percentage were obtained from Misr-2 cultivar, with 250 cm/100 L. The differences between the two cultivars with 250 cm/ 100 L were not significant in plant height, weight of spikes/m and straw yield g/m. The highest values of harvest index and productivity score were obtained from Baniswef-4 cultivar with 250 cm/100 L Nitrophoska fertilizer in both seasons.