Abstract This 1999 pilot study of 127 ethnically diverse mothers in the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program addressed mental health symptomatology using the PrimeMD tool and mental health care utilization. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms differed by presence of support and self-perceived health status. Prevalence of depressive symptoms differed by age. Mental health care utilization differed by ethnicity, age and presence of support. The ethnically diverse sample allowed investigation of the appropriateness of broad ethnic/racial categories. Differences between English and Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans would have been obscured if analyses had been limited to broad ethnic/racial groupings.


ITEI Apps is an android based application developed for being able to map the condition of teacher engagement through the concept of self-diagnostic. Self-diagnostic is done from the self-assessment stage to obtain profiling of teachers on the condition of engagement. The next stage is to intervene on the results so that teachers can do the improvement program engagement independently. This research uses exploratory research method as one part of Neuroresearch method. Overall this research produced an application with intervention design that is beneficial for the teacher so that with correct improvement program individually impact to the teacher become more engaged with its profession and ultimately able to improve performance impacting to education quality nationally.


Whiteness is a critical issue in organizational culture and power. Because White individuals define, control, and shape organizational realities, policies, and practices, people of color—African American women, in the present example—are never fully empowered. The power African American women hold is borrowed power; it can be taken away at any moment. In this article, the author discusses the sociocultural realities of her experience as an African American woman working in a predominately White institution of higher education and provides illustrations of the impermanence of her authority under the weight of whiteness. Recommendations are made for advancing HRD theory by drawing from nontraditional theoretical frameworks for explaining the realities of African American women in positions of leadership.


The surface tension of water in high magnetic fields up to 10T was investigated with aid of the high-magnetic-field tensiometer (HMFT). It was found that the surface tension of water linearly varied with the magnetic field intensity and increased by 0.48mN/m or 0.65% in 10T. The increase of the surface tension of water could be attributed to the increase in the number and stabilization of the hydrogen bonds in the magnetic field.


Abstract A model is devised of a substrate heating system for greenhouse crops. The object is to predict the temperature of the substrate and to estimate the energy consumption. The model was validated experimentally ina localized heating installation of the substrate by using an electric cable and applied to a crop of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook) in a greenhouse. Different configurations in the design and operating methods for the electric substrate heating were examined over a period of two years. The temperatures of the substrate were estimated by the model within an average value of 0·47°C and the energy consumption associated with the different experimental localized heating configurations was predicted within an average deviation from the experimental results of under 7%. In the experimental installation, the use of thermal insulation and heat accumulators produced energy savings from 14 to 20%. For energy conservation, the best configuration for localized electric heating systems with heating cables placed in the substrate and buried at a depth of 0·2 m, comprised thermal insulation and heat resistant brick under the substrate as a heat accumulator. The combination of using a heat accumulator plus energy consumption only during the night when electricity is cheaper produced a total cost saving of 27%.


Abstract Contested Space. The Popularisation of Football in Brazil, 1890-1930. This article argues that the arrival and diffusion of football (called "soccer" in North America) in Brazil between 1890 and 1930 can be interpreted as a process of spatial formation rather than a process of cultural imperialism and the result of the "exportation" of a British cultural product. In considering recent studies on the history of modern sport and its diffusion in different parts of the world, this article fi nds that the incorporation of football in Brazil depended on the agency of individuals, such as journalists, social reformers and "sportmen", and on social groups, such as immigrant communities in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Even though the fi rst football clubs were exclusive and hermetical spaces of urban elites, the article shows how members of other social groups contested the cultural space of football and, thereby, helped to reconstruct it along more inclusive lines.


Topological photonics provides a fundamental framework for robust manipulation of light, including directional transport and localization with built-in immunity to disorder. Combined with an optical gain, active topological cavities hold special promise for a design of light-emitting devices. Most studies to date have focused on lasing at topological edges of finite systems or domain walls. Recently discovered higher-order topological phases enable strong high-quality confinement of light at the corners. Here we demonstrate lasing action of corner states in a nanophotonic topological cavity. We identify four multipole corner modes with distinct emission profiles via hyperspectral imaging and discern signatures of non-Hermitian radiative coupling of leaky topological states. In addition, depending on the pump position in a large-size cavity, we selectively generate lasing from either edge or corner states within the topological bandgap. Our findings introduce pathways to engineer collective resonances and tailor generation of light in active topological circuits.


The nutritive value of a diet depends not only upon its amount and composition but also upon the frequency with which it is taken, for the way in which food intake is distributed over a given period of time influences metabolic processes. This fact was neglected for a long time, until the work of Tepperman and his colleagues (Tepperman, Brobeck & Long, 1943 ; Tepperman & Tepperman, 1958) and recently that of Cohn and his group (Cohn & Joseph, 1960) focused more attention on this problem


The Extended leak-off test, XLOT, is a main tool for obtaining minimum stress data during drilling operations. If performed according to a proper protocol, it is perhaps the most cost-effective and robust method for determining the minimum stress. The low cost means that a lot of data can be collected, allowing for efficient regional analysis. A widely reproduced figure by Gaarenstrom et al. (1993) has become a classic in the industry. It shows the pump-in phase as two distinct linear segments. The point of change in slope is denoted the Leak-off Point or the Leak-off Pressure (LOP). It is sometimes argued that the LOP is a good measure of the in-situ stress, and it is sometimes argued the LOP marks the initiation of a fracture. We analyze this hypothesis and show by basic theoretical considerations and several examples of high quality field data that this is not necessarily the case. The nonlinear behavior during pump-in may be due to leak-off to a permeable formation or through a poorly cemented casing shoe.


With the exponential growth of the mobile video traffic and the dramatic diversity of wireless channels among users, maintaining a tradeoff between resource consumption and perceived experience of users is of overwhelming challenges. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP(DASH), as a promising technique to improve the video transmission efficiency, achieves bitrate adaption at users' ends to accommodate to the unstability of channel conditions. However, as the thriving of live video services, multicast is a widely used transmission mode which gains huge economization of spectrum resource. This paper investigates a user grouping scheme for DASH multicast service over LTE downlink systems. The objective of the research is to maximize the users' throughput and quality of experience(QoE). First, we present a method to automatically determine the number of groups in DASH multicast scenario. Second, a cluster grouping algorithm is used to assign users into several groups. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed grouping scheme obtains favorable performance.


Part 1 Theories of general education: idealism - historical background, the ideal university, theology and the proper role of the university, knowledge, utility and the role of the university, principles and assumptions of Newman's idealism progressivism - historical background, Dewey's quest for certainty, democracy and education, principles and assumptions of Dewey's progressivism essentialism - historical background, Hutchin's lament, general education - the great books program, beyond general education - the higher learning, principles and assumptions of Hutchins' essentialism pragmatism - historical background, the fall from unity, characteristics of the multiversity, sources of stability, principles and assumptions of Kerr's pragmatism. Part 2 The critical theory of Jurgen Habermas: the ground for a critical theory of society the theory of communicative action principles of Habermas' critical theory. Part 3 A critical theory of general education: approaches to general education - an assessment a critical theory of education - the philosophical grounds, the articulation and planning phase, the implementation and maintenance phase, the delivery phase.


Photovoltaic power generation is a promising measure for the reduction of fossil fuel consumption and so is widely utilized in the world. However, its output power highly depends on the weather condition. In power systems, an energy management system controls generation to maintain power quality, then a change of generating power from the photovoltaic generation affects power system operation. This paper proposes a new feasible forecasting method for the electric output of photovoltaic power generation. The method uses solar radiation data measured at several points, and estimates changes of the photovoltaic power generation mainly due to clouds. The measuring equipment is developed and is located at several points which are 30 km away from the photovoltaic power generation. The correlations between these data are analyzed, and it shows the forecasting method will be applicable to actual power systems.


The samples were digested with acid mixture of hydrogen nitrate-hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid compound(6∶5∶1,V/V/V) by the constant temperature electric heating plate,and the niobium and tantalum in niobium-tantalum ore digestion liquid were continuously determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) after the digestion liquid was metered volume by tartaric acid,and the interferences of adding reagent were eliminated by blank experiment.There were good linear relation between the emission intensity of niobium and tantalum spectral line and concentrations of niobium and tantalum in the range of 0—8μg/mL.The detection limits of method were 0.021μg/mL for niobium and 0.048μg/mL for tantalum.The method was applied to analyzing the niobium and tantalum in geological samples,and the recoveries were from 95.6% to 108.3%,and RSDs of niobium and tantalum were in the range of 0.21%—1.56%,and the method was applied to analysis of standard samples,then the measurement value conformed to determination value.The method solves the problem for quickly obtaining the results of the multitudinous geological samples.


The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980) is a commonly used self-report instrument designed to assess empathic tendencies. The IRI consists of four separate subscales: Perspective Taking (PT), Fantasy (FS), Empathic Concern (EC), and Personal Distress (PD). The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Dutch version of the IRI. The IRI was administered to a Dutch sample of 651 normal functioning adults. The factor structure of the IRI was examined by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the CFA revealed that there is room for improvement and modification of the original theoretical model. The validity of the IRI was tested using internal criteria (i. e., scale intercorrelations) and external criteria (i. e., correlations with subscales of the EQ-i (Bar-On, 1997), the NEO-FFI (Hoekstra, Ormel, & De Fruyt, 1996), Mach-IV (Van Kenhove, Vermeir, & Verniers, 2001), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and the WAIS-III (Wechsler, 2000)). Overall, the internal consistency, construct validity, and factor structure of scores from the Dutch version of the IRI suggest that it is a useful instrument to measure people's self-reported empathic tendencies.


Finite element approximate solutions are discussed for the problem of steady state, incompressible, laminar visco-plastic flow in a cylinder. The finite element method is of nearly zero boundary condition type. An error estimate is provided.


Cavernous hemangiomas are congenital vascular malformations that are now known as venous malformations. They can occur in any tissue but are especially common in the skin, where they usually are seen at birth or within the first several years of life. Nevus sebaceous is a benign tumor of the sebaceous gland presenting from birth to adolescence. A 34-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic raised lesion over the scalp that was present since birth and had been increasing in size over the past 3 years. Provisional diagnosis of nevus sebaceous was carried out due to the site, age of appearance and non-blanchability, but histopathology showed features suggestive of cavernous hemangioma. We report this case for its misleading form of presentation.


The fall of the Byzantine Fortress of Babylon in MIcE allowed invading Arab armies to move beyond the Lower Nile region of Egypt and ultimately conquer the whole of the province from the Byzantines, effectively ending centuries of almost totally uninterrupted Roman rule. The paper examines this pivotal moment in Islamic history in order to identify four salient features of early Islamic expansion: the struggle of the early caliphate for power and authority; the role of religion; the development of an organized and effective military; the nature of early Islamic approaches to warfare and foreign policy.


ABSTRACT
Turi Beach Resort is located in Hang Lekiu street, Nongsa, Batam, Kepulauan Riau. Turi Beach Resort is a part of Nongsa Resort. This is Resort is strategic placeso it is being favorite for local and foreign tourist. The research aim is to determine the waiter's skill in Taming Sari Restaurant in Turi Beach Resort Batam. This research methodology was by using quantitative datas by descriptive approach to identify the problems in Taming Sari Restaurant. The respondent is five person. The data collection technic is observation, interview, and documentation. The result shows that the waiter's skill in Taming Sari Restauran from the quality is 80%, quantity is 75%, timing is 79%, dan team work is 82%. On the waiter's skill is not based on the rules/SOP. It determine how good is the waiter's skill in Taming Sari Restaurant in Turi Beach Resort Batam.

Keywords: Performance, waiter, Restaurant, Resort.


In this second contribution to the knowledge of the Carabid beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Galapagos (Ecuador), additional data are given on 17 species based on the examination of about 2,000 individuals collected during our 1988-expedition and some other recent expeditions. All literature references on these Carabids of Galapagos are also updated. Key-words : Galapagos Carabidae distribution. Contribution n° 454 of the Charles Darwin Research Foundation.


Process mining is to extract knowledge about business processes from data stored implicitly in ad-hoc way or explicitly by information systems. The aim is to discover runtime process, analyze performance and perform conformance verification, using process mining tools like ProM and Disco, for single software repository and processes spanning across multiple repositories. Application of process mining to software repositories has recently gained interest due to availability of vast data generated during software development and maintenance. Process data are embodied in repositories which can be used for analysis to improve the efficiency and capability of process, however, involves a lot of challenges which have not been addressed so far. Project team defines workflow, design process and policies for tasks like issue tracking (defect or feature enhancement), peer code review (review the submitted patch to avoid defects before they are injected) etc. to streamline and structure the activities. The reality may not be the same as defined because of imperfections so the extent of non-conformance needs to be measured. We propose a research framework `Nirikshan' to process mine the data of software repositories from multiple perspectives like process, organizational, data and time. We apply process mining on software repositories to derive runtime process map, identify and remove inefficiencies and imperfections, extend the capabilities of existing software engineering tools to make them more process aware, and understand interaction pattern between various contributors to improve the efficiency of project.


Nitrobenzene poisoning is a rare but fatal condition. It causes methaemoglobinemia (Fe 3+ ) and reduces oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells (RBC). Cyanosis develops and aerobic oxygenation is hampered. Though intravenous methylene blue is the specific antidote it is not available commonly. Here we are reporting two cases of acute nitrobenzene poisoning and the role of methylene blue to save life. Key words: methylene blue; nitrobenzene DOI: 10.4038/slja.v18i2.1319 Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology 18(2): 91-93 (2010)


The purpose of this study was to analyze movement of inline skate players at inline roller skate T300m start so that we can find effective starting movement, and provide basic and scientific materials in improving performance of inline roller skaters for T300m inline roller skating. In doing so, five Korean national representative inline skaters who elected in 2008 Korean National Inline Roller Skating Cup were taped during the cup and analyzed through 3D viewing in terms of their starting movement Conclusions of the analysis were as follows: First, the better the record of starting phase is the shorter average of contact time on track. Second, to improve starting speed, players raised their body just like running instead of lowering them when gliding. players could shorten their strike and moved faster in order to accelerate, and it was more effective to speed up when they quickly switched from running to gliding. Third, the five country-representative players speeded up by bending their knees to a greater degree in order to improve stability. And then the most effective way was believed to minimize track connection of skating at starting in each phase.


Based on the analysis of media reporting on the release and return of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) defendants after the end of their trials or imprisonment, ...


We urgently need to predict species responses to climate change to minimize future biodiversity loss and ensure we do not waste limited resources on ineffective conservation strategies. Currently, most predictions of species responses to climate change ignore the potential for evolution. However, evolution can alter species ecological responses, and different aspects of evolution and ecology can interact to produce complex eco‐evolutionary dynamics under climate change. Here we review how evolution could alter ecological responses to climate change on species warm and cool range margins, where evolution could be especially important. We discuss different aspects of evolution in isolation, and then synthesize results to consider how multiple evolutionary processes might interact and affect conservation strategies. On species cool range margins, the evolution of dispersal could increase range expansion rates and allow species to adapt to novel conditions in their new range. However, low genetic variation and genetic drift in small range‐front populations could also slow or halt range expansions. Together, these eco‐evolutionary effects could cause a three‐step, stop‐and‐go expansion pattern for many species. On warm range margins, isolation among populations could maintain high genetic variation that facilitates evolution to novel climates and allows species to persist longer than expected without evolution. This 'evolutionary extinction debt' could then prevent other species from shifting their ranges. However, as climate change increases isolation among populations, increasing dispersal mortality could select for decreased dispersal and cause rapid range contractions. Some of these eco‐evolutionary dynamics could explain why many species are not responding to climate change as predicted. We conclude by suggesting that resurveying historical studies that measured trait frequencies, the strength of selection, or heritabilities could be an efficient way to increase our eco‐evolutionary knowledge in climate change biology.


Type II heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially severe adverse effect of heparin treatment triggered by an immune response. Although most cases occur in patients receiving unfractioned heparin, HIT can also arise after low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). We report a case of HIT in a postoperative orthopedic 75‐year‐old woman in treatment with LMWH (nadroparin) complicated by pulmonary embolism and treated successfully with recombinant hirudin. Early recognition and proper treatment are fundamental for the management of this life‐threatening disorder. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The current efficiency and the microstructure of the trivalent Cr deposits plated in flow cell system were investigated according to additives in sulfate bath and current density. The current efficiency of the deposits plated in the formic acid complexed bath was noticeably higher than that of the d...


By now many members of the Consumers' Health Forum will have heard of the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP). The Partnership provides a unique opportunity to enhance the priority accorded to public health and to generate major reforms in the organisation and delivery of public health programs. (author abstract)


A new self-organized criticality (SOC) model is introduced in the form of a cellular automaton (CA) for ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode driven turbulence in fusion plasmas. Main characteristics of the model are that it is constructed in terms of the actual physical variable, the ion temperature, and that the temporal evolution of the CA, which necessarily is in the form of rules, mimics actual physical processes as they are considered to be active in the system, i.e., a heating process and a local diffusive process that sets on if a threshold in the normalized ITG R/LT is exceeded. The model reaches the SOC state and yields ion temperature profiles of exponential shape, which exhibit very high stiffness, in that they basically are independent of the loading pattern applied. This implies that there is anomalous heat transport present in the system, despite the fact that diffusion at the local level is imposed to be of a normal kind. The distributions of the heat fluxes in the system and of the heat out...


The compatibility of irreversibility, as expressed by the second law of thermodynamics, with ordinary quantum mechanics is a challenging problem. Our solution requires an extension of the latter. Such an extension of a reversible formalism is made possible by the presence of self‐energy processes (already found in quantum electrodynamics) which enables the widening of the dynamics by the introduction of specific additionnal variables leading to the recognition of such processes. A projection technique modeled on the one introduced long ago by the Brussels group defines a subdynamics which is shown to contain entirely the starting formulation (it corresponds now to a restricted class of initial conditions, namely the reversible one). A new kinetic description is obtained in which e.g. collision processes for privileged components arise from the original interaction. This method is applied successively to various models and we focus in this paper on the possible presence of temporal behaviours excluded in o...


This research aims at proposing a tool to educate the knowledge and judgment ability of disaster for the children of the first half of teens. To this end, we developed a prototype of the board game. The game is a competitive board game for two players so that facilitators and leaders are not required. One of the players is a player who plays a role of people, the other player is a player who plays a role in causing the disaster. A map and 2 types of card are used in this game. The map shows simplified terrain of the actual world. The cards represent knowledge of disaster and the mitigating way of disaster. In this paper, we report an overview of the prototype of the game.


In studies on seed germination under various conditions, it was found that seeds of several species germinated better under long daily light periods than under short onesi,2,3,). The photoperiodic control of seed germination has been reported in a number of photoblastic seeds by Isikawa4). Black and Wareing5) demonstrated the requirement of long photoperiods for high germination of Betula pubescens Ehr. seeds and its dependence on temperature. In addition they showed that the length of the daily dark period played a more determinative role than did the length of the light period in this photoperiodic response, as in the flowering responses in plants. Isikawa indicated that many of the "Light-favored Seeds" were "Short Day Seeds" the germination of which was promoted in the presence of the dark period like the flowering of short-day plants4). Blacks) and Black and Wareing7) have investigated the responses in such a "short-day" seeds, and demonstrated that the response is markedly photoperiodic, a high germination percentage being obtained under short days. A few further theoretical reports, however, have been written concerning the requirement of promotive dark periods for germination. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the requirement for seed germination of the dark period corresponding to that in flowering of short-day plants.


This note gives the solution to the motion of a perfectly hard ball that was launched against a perfectly hard inclined plane. The solution comprises recurrent formulas that give the parts of the trajectory between the impacts, which are parabolas. In the upward part of the motion, the parabolas become higher and narrower, in the downward part they become lower and wider. Using an interactive spreadsheet model, the law of energy conservation is verified, and the effect of inputs on the shape of the trajectory is examined. Two special cases of the motion are of particular interest when the upward and downward parts of the trajectory merge into one. The solution illustrates the use of recurrent sequences in physics, and computer investigation into a dynamic physical system.


Although it is becoming more common, previous surveys have identified concerns regarding the safety of immediate reconstruction following mastectomy. The aims of this study were to define current practice of breast reconstruction in the UK and Ireland, and to identify the characteristics of surgeons who use immediate breast reconstruction.


Abstract Aluminium (Al) silicon alloy fly ash composites were developed using powder metallurgy technique. Aluminium silicon alloy powder was homogenously mixed with various weight percentages of fly ash (5–15%) and uniaxially cold pressed at pressures ranging between 200 and 515 MPa, and the green specimens were sintered at temperatures between 575 and 625°C. The various properties of the Al alloy fly ash composites were studied and compared with that of base alloy. The density of Al alloy fly ash composites was lower than that of the base alloy. The sintered density of the Al alloy fly ash composites and Al alloy slightly decreased when compared to green density. The hardness of the Al alloy fly ash composites was higher than that of base alloy and it increased with the increase in weight percentage of fly ash content upto 12 wt-%. Compressive strength of the composites was lower than that of base alloy and it decreased with increasing weight percentage of fly ash. The electrical resistivity and corrosion rate of the composites were higher than that of base alloy and they increased with increasing weight percentage of fly ash. Scanning electron microscope was used to examine the microstructural characteristics of the composites. X-ray diffraction pattern was used to identify various phases present in Al alloy fly ash composites.


With the development of the reform in electricity market step by step which introduces competitive situation in it, it is necessary for the big user to carry out immediately the policy of direct power-purchase. In this paper the math models of power supply contract between regional energy utility and the big users are established in both monopolistic and competitive environment that considers not only consumers' preference under incomplete information, but also other competitors' strategies. In order to sign contract with various types of consumers, the regional energy utility must design different contracts for different consumers. This paper will surly be beneficial to the test for the direct power-purchase for the large user.


Henrietta Nummela: Dynamic Managerial Capabilities of Marketing in Strategic Change Master's thesis Tampere University Degree Programme in Business Studies / Marketing April 2019 Organizations are facing a turbulent market environment especially because of digitalization and other external changes in the marketplace. Dynamic capabilities can foster the competitiveness of the enterprises performing in these unstable business environments. This requires valuable dynamic managerial capabilities from leaders and especially from the top management who can help to develop and enhance these capabilities. This study examines the dynamic managerial capabilities of marketing, as marketing can be an important factor improving the competitiveness by taking the market-oriented aspect into consideration. The purpose of this thesis is to identify, categorize and interpret dynamic managerial capabilities of marketing managers and their roles in the strategic change of a business. The theoretical framework of the study consists of exploring the diverse purpose and tasks of marketing managers together with the dynamic managerial capabilities. These capabilities are reflected through activities and cognitive abilities that can be recognized with tasks performed in the processes of sensing and seizing opportunities as well as reconfiguring assets in strategic change. The strategic tasks of marketing managers are detected in these processes. In the qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 top marketing executives from Finnish companies of different sizes performing in dynamic market environments. Critical Incident Technique was used as a supportive method aiding the identification of the most important tasks and capabilities in each of the processes. Content analysis and coding was utilized as analysis methods in the categorization of these capabilities into the three processes reflecting the strategic change. Micro-level tasks consisting of different activities and cognitive abilities were identified in order to detect the important dynamic managerial capabilities within each of the three processes that foster the strategic change. The key dynamic managerial capabilities of marketing management were identified to be mainly customer-centric, relational, creative and cultural in nature. Three groups of managerial capabilities were formed in this study with the additional sub-capabilities that were identified from the interviews. The groups consist of 1) Individual and rational dynamic managerial capabilities, 2) Relational and human-centric dynamic managerial capabilities, and 3) Creative and cultural dynamic managerial capabilities. Sub-capabilities were recognized within the three groups. The most essential dynamic managerial capabilities throughout the processes were relational, creative and cultural capabilities. The findings of this study indicate that the above-mentioned capabilities are mostly affective and human-centric in nature differing from the existing research where capabilities have been observed from a rational and individual point of view. Thus, this study brings a more behavioural and emotional view into the research of dynamic managerial capabilities and their microfoundations along with the new concept of dynamic managerial capabilities of marketing extending the research on strategic marketing. This study suggests that marketing executives have creative and affective customercentric dynamic capabilities that could be valuable in building of unique dynamic capabilities of an organization.


The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified malacofauna was discovered in fine-grained sediments. Its analysis allowed us to characterise environmental conditions during sediment deposition. The age of the individual components of the sedimentary sequence was determined by radiocarbon dating. A distinct change was found in the upper intervals of the sequence, corresponding to the warm phase of the Medieval Climate Optimum. This period is associated with the robust development of agriculture, and processes related to human activities became the main factor shaping the environment, influencing the course of geological processes, and changing the taxonomical and ecological structure of the fauna and flora assemblages found in this area.


Optimism and pessimism are conceptualized as generalized expectations about events happening in people's lives, and are regarded as stable dispositions. The construct of optimism can be understood as being one-dimensional and bipolar, in other words, it's an only attribute with two extremes ranging from optimism or pessimism. The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) is the instrument used for assessing dispositional optimism and has been the subject of several studies that verify its one-dimensionality. However, the results of those studies do not necessarily support the theoretical model. The aim of this paper was to analyze the factor structure of the LOT-R in a sample of adolescent students from basic primary and secondary education. Participants were 183 students of both genders, aged between 13 and 19 years old. The application of the LOT-R was carried collectively in the classroom. The instrument's confirmatory factor analysis was performed by testing a one-factor model and another one of two-factors. The two-factor model was the most appropriate, showing that, for this particular sample, the LOT-R consists of two components. The need for studies to test the structure of the instrument is evident inasmuch as the literature indicates that cultural differences are key elements to understanding optimism.


A two-hit model of acid aspiration was used to examine the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on chemokine levels and neutrophil recruitment into the lung. Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture and then either KGF or saline, intratracheally (IT). Forty-eight hours later, the mice were given IT acid. After 8 h, neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were significantly decreased in animals pretreated with KGF (23 ± 4 × 103/mouse) compared with saline (74 ± 2 × 103/mouse). In addition, the BAL fluid IL-6 levels were decreased in the KGF-treated group (88 ± 44 pg/mL) compared with the saline group (166 ± 34 pg/mL). To examine the mechanism behind the KGF-induced reduction in neutrophil influx, the murine chemokines KC and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2&agr; were measured. KC levels in plasma and BAL fluid were not significantly different between the treatment groups. Likewise, levels of MIP-2&agr; in plasma were not affected by KGF treatment. However, 8 h after acid aspiration, MIP-2&agr; concentrations were significantly lower in the KGF-treated group. The ratio of MIP-2&agr; in BAL fluid versus plasma was lower in the KGF group (0.72 ± 0.28) than in the saline group at 3 h (2.23 ± 0.93) and also significantly lower in the KGF group (3.02 ± 0.78) compared with the saline group (6.23 ± 1.19) at 8 h. In this study, KGF pretreatment after acid aspiration was associated with reduced neutrophil recruitment into the lung and a decrease in MIP-2&agr; gradients between BAL fluid and plasma.


As a kind of stimulating means of carbon emission reduction economy,carbon emission permit trade can not only mitigate the climate change,but also ensure energy security.However,totally free carbon emission permit trade can induce the financial risk due to the inherent flaws of the market,such as unfairness of social distribution of carbon emission permit,and imperfect competition of carbon emission permit trade.The government needs to cultivate the external conditions for the good running of the market as the development of the carbon emission permit trade market is not mature.The market will replace the government to play a fundamental regulatory role when the market becomes mature gradually.When the market works improperly,the government can correct it.By the analysis of the basic principle of the carbon emission permit trading,China's carbon emission permit trading has the necessity and feasibility of government supervision.


This paper describes the development and performance of the inverter for a 2 MW, 20000 RPM cage induction motor using capacitors to excite the motor over the operating range so that the drive behaves as a load commutated inverter. The motor is directly coupled to a centrifugal compressor and the shaft system runs on four magnetic bearings. The development of the motor, compressor, bearings and the inverter was jointly undertaken by four European companies and partly funded by a European Community research grant.<<ETX>>


Four relative sea-level curves from Edgeoya and Barentsoya are constructed based on 81 radiocarbon age determinations on carefully selected and levelled samples in raised beaches, mostly driftwood embedded in beach gravel. All the dates, covering the period from the deglaciation to the present, are calibrated to calendar years, and the sea-level curves are defined by fitting the data with a least square regression curve. The dates are internally very consistent, and the results are some of the most precise sea-level curves from the Arctic. The four curves are quite similar, and from the marine limit at 85-90 m a.s.l. they show a rapid emergence (ca 40 mm/year), formed about 11,000 cal yrs BP (?10,00014C yrs BP). A minimum rate of emergence close to 8000 cal years ago is explained by a decreased rate in isostatic uplift parallel with a sustained rate of eustatic sea-level rise. During the last 7000 cal years, the emergence rate has decreased linearly. The uplift rates have been slightly higher on southern Edgeoya than further north during the last 7000 years. By comparing the sea-level curves from Storoya (ca 270 km to the north) and Hopen (ca 150 km to the south), we suggest that a memory of an earlier and larger glacio-isostatic downwarping in the southern Barents Sea is detected in the sea-level curves from Hopen and southern Edgeoya.


This document is based on the hypothesis that farm women have maintained a certain coherence between their domestic and professional work. Socially this coherence requires them to hide their professional work which leads to a specific human cost. The results discussed in this article come from an ergonomie analysis done of a group of women working in farms located in the south-west part of France. Farm women are constrained by the work organisation of the farm, especially the constraints which result from their job. Paradoxically, in themselves the women link two seeming extremes. On the one hand, they use archaic skills, rustic tools and out-dated equipment. On the other hand, they master elaborate intellectual methods. Nevertheless, they organise their work as a heterogeneous whole, in an inventive way, in both domestic and professional areas. The organisation of farm exploitations is influenced by such a coherence. In building this coherence, the productivity of professional farm women is improved. The women make sure that information is well spread, and that the work collective members are co-ordinated with their activity. So, they do tasks which require a regular presence close to the farm (some of these tasks, because of sanitary risks, must be done at intervals shorter than an hour). The women are accountants and secretaries for the exploitation, and so they hand on their knowledge of professional exploitations to their children. They also arrange their jobs to conform to the needs of the exploitation. Unfortunately, the myriad small sacrifices which lead to this coherence are not easy to see. This is perhaps why, in spite of their efficiency in the agricultural production, farm women are not considered as professionals. Nevertheless, farm women develop competences which allow them to create a professional identity. Acknowledging this identity could allow them to attain more appropriate techniques relative to their specific jobs. However, their global competences are not yet well defined enough to be considered a profession. Today, society acknowledges the important place of women in farm exploitations only when they are absent.


Site exploration, characterization and prediction of soil properties by in-situ test are key parts of a geotechnical preliminary process. In-situ testing is progressively essential in geotechnical engineering to recognize soil characteristics alongside. In this study, radial basis neural network ( RBNN ) model was developed for estimating standard penetration resistance ( SPT-N ) value. In order to develop the RBNN model, 121 SPT-N values collected from 13 boreholes spread over an area of 17 km 2 of Izmir was used. While developing the model, borehole location coordinates and soil component percentages were used as input parameters. The results obtained from the model were compared with those obtained from the field tests. To examine the accuracy of the RBNN model constructed, several performance indices, such as determination coefficient, relative root mean square error, and scaled percent error were calculated. The obtained indices make it clear that the RBNN model has a high prediction capacity to estimate SPT-N .


Jntroduction Despite the many advances in signal processing mathematics in recent years, the greatest gains and breakthroughs are made by exploiting special properties of the particular problem at hand. Since very often the ultimate destination of processed sound is a human listener, the many complex interactions and constraints of the auditory system are available for exploitation. However, these constraints are so involved that we are only just beginning to understand the possibilities they offer.


........................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... v Authorship...................................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures: ............................................................................................................................... ix 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 History of Native American Farming ................................................................................... 4 2.2 Factors Affecting Farming .................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Climate Change .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Industrialization and Size ............................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 Transfer of Knowledge ................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Food and Farming Trends: The Food Revolution............................................................... 15 2.3.1 The Food Revolution .................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Local Farming Trends .................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Learning from Native American Experience ...................................................................... 19 2.4.1 Benefits of Biodiversity ................................................................................................ 20 2.4.2 Benefits of Local Food Tradition ................................................................................. 23 2.4.3 Respecting Native American Culture ........................................................................... 24 3.0 Native Farmers' Almanac ....................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Website ............................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 "Become Observant" Page ........................................................................................... 29 3.1.2 "Learn from Experienced Farmers" Page ..................................................................... 31


1. Over 200 out of 400 cases of epiphora were examined by a new approach to routine radiography of the lacrimal systems using an original arrangement of apparatus for macro-radiography. This method enhances the value of the examination. 2. The levels of obstruction of the lacrimal systems are illustrated, analysed and classified into: 22 per cent high level; 63 per cent middle level; 15 per cent low level. The state of completeness of these obstructions at the different levels is determined. The commonest level of complete obstruction is shown to be in the region of the neck of the sac and not, as generally accepted, at the bony rim of the lacrimal canal or in the canal itself. The cause of this obstruction is found by macro-radiographs and dissection of the cadaver to be due to the nature of the split fascia of the orbicularis muscle at this level. 3. The frequency of epiphora in severe middle third fractures of the face is determined as 12 per cent. This rarity of epiphora is due to the direction of the...


O Introdnction. After a clase look at the standard literature dealing )Vith predicative APs1 it is possible to assert, I believe, that the core of the discussion regardiog their properties, as well as their relevance for the uoderstandiog of natural language phenomena, has focused on the synta:x of the construction. N o central attention has been paid, however, to certain crucial semantic factors which constrain their licensing.Z In fact, researchers on the tapie of secondary predication have mainly analyzed three questions: (a) the direction (symmetric or asymmetric) of the c-command relation holdiog between the predicative adjective and its subject (cf. Williams 1980 and Demonte 1988); (b) the underlying structure of subject and object·oriented predicative adjectives, i.e., whether they are or are not both generated under VP, and the precise configuration in which they surface ( cf. Williams 1980, Rothstein 1983, Roberts 1988, McNulty 1988, and Demonte 1988); and (e) the categorial nature of the predicate: whether it is a small clause and, if so, what kind of small clause ( cf. Williams 1980, Chomsky 1981, and Stowell 1987, among others). However, the licensing of predicative adjectives is not only formally constrained. As a first hint, observe that the examples in (1) show that a lraositive verb such as conocer 'to know' appears normally to allow a subject· oriented secondary predicate, while an object -oriented one is precluded in the constructions in which this verb appears.


The following gives an overview of the session on Control of Oscillatory Distributed Parameter Systems. It defines the unifying theme of the session and indicates the principal issues to be covered. The topic of this session is feedback control of highly oscillatory distributed parameter systems (DPS). These dynamical systems, sometimes loosely called "hyperbolic", are described by systems of partial differential equations whose solutions are oscillatory and have very low damping, i.e. the system are energy conserving or at best very mildly dissipative. Practical examples of these systems occur in application areas such as plasma dynamics and mechanically flexible structures, e.g. bridges, tall buildings, and large aerospace structures among others. As society demands of its engineering systems higher performance levels and more stringent constraints, feedback control becomes a necessity for the satisfaction of these requirements.


Despite the success of the standard model of particle physics, there are reasons to expect new physics beyond it. Supersymmetric extension is a promising possibility, which solves the fine-tuning problem inherent to the origin of the electroweak scale in the standard model. It also provides a promising candidate for dark matter. The verification of low-energy supersymmetry in forthcoming experiments will lead us to a new paradigm of particle physics, in particular, it may open up the road to the unification of forces.


With all of the hoopla in the lay press surrounding the Food & Drug Administration's refusal to approve Barr Pharmaceuticals' application for over-the-counter status of its emergency contraceptive (EC) Plan B (levonorgestrel), Barr held a press briefing in New York City to deliver a message.


The study of the physicochemical properties of of petroleum asphaltenes is very important to understanding their phase behavior. Asphaltene precipitation and the formation of water-in-oil emulsions result in economic losses to the petroleum industry. Then, knowledge of the interactions of this fraction with some molecules has led to progress in the petroleum chemistry. In this work, the influence of tetrahydrofuran as solvent on the physicochemical properties of Ayacucho crude-oil asphaltenes was studied. Moreover, the ethyl ether is used to corroborating the capacity of occlusion inside structure of asphaltene. Based on these results and their colloidal behavior, suggested a model to explain the changes in the molecular transformation of asphaltenes.


At the 2002 meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) in Canterbury, I was struck by a phenomenon that may be an artifact of conference presentations, but may also represent a continuing deficiency in our activities as conservation biologists. Despite frequent references to "adaptive management" in the papers presented, I noticed few real examples of evaluation and implementation of "lessons learned" in those presentations. Indeed, the conservation community seems to continue to do problem definition, priority-setting exercises, and strategic planning rather than implementation and evaluation of activities (Whitten et al. 2001). I analyzed approximately 25% of the abstracts for the 2002 conference. To ensure a somewhat random sample, I chose the first full abstract on each page of the Conference Abstracts (there were about four per page) and placed it into one of seven categories: (1) description and definition of a problem, often through statistical analysis of data; (2) development of a model; (3) directed research to find solutions; (4 ) basic biological monitoring (e.g., descriptive surveys, biological comparisons, and basic research); (5) implementation (application of results to management); (6) evaluation of activities; and (7) none of the above. In all, I reviewed 161 abstracts. The two largest categories of abstracts were (1) description and definition of the problem (25%) and (2) basic biological monitoring (28%). The two smallest categories ( ignoring category 7, the abstracts I could not categorize) were (5) implementation (application of results to management) (4%), and (6) evaluation of activities (8%). This distribution occurred despite an entire session entitled "Scientists and Managers," in which several papers discussed models for evaluation and the history of evaluation. This pattern supports Whitten et al.'s ( 2001 ) comments that conservation biologists are continuing to define problems through basic research and data analysis but are less focused on implementation. Thus, we are doing research as forests burn and species go extinct. There are, of course, several alternative explanations for my findings.


The definition of high speed processing and its advantage compared to traditional processing method are introduced.It's elaborated that the more demand on mold high speed processing system(processing machine system,tool system,CAD/CAM technology,etc.) and processing strategy is desired owing to the particularity of mold processing and the char- acteristics of high speed processing technology.


In this essay, I discuss the evolution of my approach to creating Buddhist contemplative cinema. I begin, by way of personal anecdotes, defining my approach to Buddhist life and the evolution of what I will call the "Buddhist contemplative gaze"—a fundamental shift in perspective shaped by the Buddhist meditation experience. I continue with a discussion of Buddhist art and the distinctive multidimensional quality of the cinema-viewing experience that makes it suitable for celebrating, sharing, and exploring the Buddhist contemplative experience. I trace how my work and life as a Buddhist and a filmmaker come together in this working approach as an artist. The final section of the essay includes reflections on my film, ONE MIND, as an experiment in crafting cinema in the Buddhist contemplative gaze.


A protected population of the spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas, was studied eight years after establishment of the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (western Mediterranean). Experimental trap fishing in the reserve and at two unprotected sites revealed that cessation of fishing in the reserve is probably responsible for high catch rates observed there and that the annual fishing closure is effective in rebuilding populations in exploited areas. In the reserve, variations in abundance, sex ratio, and size of lobsters were conspicuous. Catch rates were always higher in deep (50–80 m) than in shallow areas (20–50 m). Bathymetric differences in abundance were smallest in early summer, possibly because of seasonal onshore movements associated with reproduction. Females were always more abundant than males and less variable in number and size. Ancillary data suggest that reproductive and moulting behaviour, particularly of males, influences population estimates of P. elephas from trap surveys. Presence of subadults in deeper waters of the reserve suggests that 2- to 3-year-old juveniles undergo ontogenetic migration from the shallow settlement habitats ( 50 m). The results highlight the effectiveness of fishing restrictions in rebuilding P. elephas populations and suggest that the lobster population in the reserve is not closed.


In order to attract attention to the malicious use of large-scale operation of applications, Hydra-Bite, an Android device privacy leak path implemented by splitting traditional malicious application and restructuring to a collaborative application group, is proposed in this paper. For Hydra-Bite, firstly, traditional privacy stealing Trojan is analyzed to obtain the permission set. And the permission set redundancy elimination splitting algorithm is subsequently adopted to extract the simplest key permission set and split the set by functions so as to form the collaborative application group. Then, a covert channel is adopted for the intergroup Apps to remove the information's taint tagged by security methods. Meanwhile, a communication medium selection algorithm and an information normalization coding method are proposed to improve the efficiency and the concealing property for taints removal. Finally, collaborative external transmission of information is realized on the basis of intragroup Apps' communication. The experimental results show that Hydra-Bite could resist the detecting and killing of about 60 security engines such as Kaspersky, McAfee, and Qihoo-360 in VirusTotal platform and capture the privacy information of the devices of different versions from Android 4.0 to Android 7.0. Hydra-Bite can resist the killing of the following two methods, the typical detection tool Androguard based on "permission-API" and the typical static taint tracking tool FlowDroid. Compared with traditional privacy stealing Trojan, Hydra-Bite has higher information capture rate and stronger antikilling performance.


Fruits are important to rendered food menu nutrient. Yet, fruitsandvegetables arent the main mineral sources, several kind of fruits and vegetables contains FE, Ca and P. Fruit sweets is a kind of well-preserved fruit by sugar. One of the fruit can be made for fruit sweets is carica from Dieng. The making process of Sweets estimated the breakage possibility of Vitamine and mineral inside Carica. Research shows that the concentration of vitamine A, vitamine C, mineral, P, Fe at 5 different brand productions are less than fresh carica fruit itself. The concentration of vitamine C is decrease excessively because vitamine C is easily degraded by water, temperature, and pH. Whereas, vitamine A is decrease excessively because vitamine A is damaged while it is brought to the boil due to oxygen, furthermore in high temperature. Fresh fruit contains vitamine C 65,12 mg/100g, vitamine A 1771,1 ia/100 g, Ca 24 ppm, Fe 1,2 ppm, P 0,0254%. At 5 different brand production carica sweets contains vitamine C approximately 24-30mg/100g, vitamine A approximately 300-500ia/100 g, mineral Ca approximately 5-9ppm, mineral Fe approximately 0,58-0,8ppm, and mineral P approximately 0,003-0,008 %. The length time of boiling process at the making process of carica sweets influence the concentration of vitamine C. The optimal time of boiling process with high concentration of vitamine C is 10 minute.


Equation is the basis of the math in middle school stage. Equation methods can be used to solve the problems of algebraic expression, function, trigonometry, inequality,etc. These math problems can also be simplified by using equation methods.


In this talk I will review our current understanding of planet formation on the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk. We will address questions such as: what type of planetary compositions do we expect? What are the differences with planet formation in the inner disk? Is there a type of planet formation model (e.g pebble vs. planetesimal accretion) that provides a better match with observations? Are there observational trends that we cannot explain? What theoretical challenges do we still face? What new observational constraints will arise in the next years?


Introduction. 1. Pride and Prejudice and Persuasion. 2. Waverley. 3. Wuthering Heights. 4. Jane Eyre. 5. Vanity Fair. 6. Mary Barton. 7. Bleak House. 8. The Warden and Barchester Towers. 9. Lady Audley's Secret. 10. Middlemarch. Appendix: Free Indirect Discourse. Notes. Further Reading. Index


The entrance of "farmers" into LU Xun's rural novels is an avoidable result of his criticism on national natures from cultural aspect. Viewing "Chinese farmers",and analyzing "national natures",LU Xun poised his spearhead against the whole feudalist cultural thinking system in China. By using literary language,he exposes the sticking point in the way of China's movement towards modernization. His rural novels bear great significance both in the history of literature,and in the history of ideology.


The structures of the Pan-African fold belt in North-western Cameroon (Kimbi area) are the result of a succession of several events. Petrographic description and detailed kinematical analysis of the various structures with emphasis on superposed folds discovered in the metamorphic and plutonic complex of Kimbi area provided detailed information on the structures and the relative timing of deformation, which are as follows: (1) an early Pan-African stage (D1) of tangential movement immediately followed by (2) two stages (D2 and D3). D2phase is heterogeneous simple shear in dextral transpressive context. D3tectonic phase, also marked by dextral transpressional movements, is the phase of superposed folding with a NNE-SSW kinematics direction. D2 and D3 are associated with medium-grade amphibolites facies metamorphism. (3) A brittle stage (D4) responsible for the emplacement of granitic veins, faults and joints. The similarities of these last phases with the central Cameroon shear-zone suggest that the D3 and D4 stage are controlled by transcurrents tectonics. Transpressive tectonic seem to be the main deformation style in major shear zones of Central Africa and NE Brazil.

 Key words: Transpressive tectonic, Pan-African, tangential movement, transcurrent tectonics, Cameroon.


The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding Japanese quail chicks with diets containing different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder on growth performance, carcass yield, blood plasma constituents, and egg production. The trial lasted for a total of 7 weeks, with 5 weeks of fattening and two weeks of laying. The first group was the control group, while the second group was supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves (4g/kg diet), the third group was supplemented with canola seed powder (4g/kg diet), the fourth group was supplemented with a mix of Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder (8g/kg diet). The results showed that canola seed powder from 0-3 weeks of age increased body weight in comparison to the control group, but there were no significant differences ( p< 0.05) among groups in terms of the final body weight and feed conversion ratio. Average daily feed intake was significantly different ( p< 0.05). However, body weight, carcass weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, and abdominal fat weight increased significantly compared to the control group. Feeding Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder significantly increased the total plasma protein, as compared to the control group. There were significant decreases in cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL levels among groups, with no significant differences in glucose, ALT and LDL among all treatments. The addition of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder showed significant effects on calcium and magnesium. Both Moringa oleifera leaf and Moringa -canola mixture significantly reduced the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in the digestive system, which was seen as an important contribution to the digestive and immune systems


Neutrino oscillations physics is entering an era of high precision. In this context, accelerator-based neutrino experiments need a reduction in systematic errors to the level of a few percent. Today, one of the most important sources of systematic errors are neutrino–nucleus cross sections which, in the energy region of hundreds of MeV to a few GeV, are known to a precision not exceeding 20%. In this article we review the present experimental and theoretical knowledge of neutrino–nucleus interaction physics. After introducing neutrino-oscillation physics and accelerator-based neutrino experiments, we give an overview of general aspects of neutrino–nucleus cross sections, from both the theoretical and experimental point of view. Then, we focus on these cross sections in different reaction channels. We start with the quasi-elastic and quasi-elastic-like cross section, placing a special emphasis on the multinucleon emission channel, which has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. We review the main aspects of the different microscopic models for this channel by discussing analogies and the differences among them. The discussion is always driven by a comparison with the experimental data. We then consider the one-pion production channel where agreement between data and theory remains highly unsatisfactory. We describe how to interpret pion data, and then analyze, in particular, the puzzle related to the difficulty of theoretical models and Monte Carlo to simultaneously describe MiniBooNE and MINERvA experimental results. Inclusive cross sections are also discussed, as well as the comparison between the and cross sections, relevant for the charge-conjugation-parity violation experiments. The impact of nuclear effects on the reconstruction of neutrino energy and on the determination of the neutrino-oscillation parameters is also reviewed. Finally, we look to the future by discussing projects and efforts in relation to future detectors, beams, and analysis.


This commentary considers the concept of "disconnection" as a way to understand practices of contemporary digital journalism while advocating for consideration of disconnection as a necessary component of sustainable journalism.


. Sections of the bottom of three earthen fish ponds in central Scotland were enclosed to prevent access by juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocked at different densities from July to October. Monthly benthic samples were taken inside and outside the enclosures with a suction sampler. The benthos was dominated by Oligochaeta, whose density and biomass were significantly lower outside the enclosures; production was also lower outside but the P:B ratio was much higher. Total Chironomidae were more abundant outside, but not the larger predatory species which appeared to control the inside population. Species diversity of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae was greater outside while mean size was reduced, presumably as a result of size-selective predation by trout. Numbers of Mollusca and Asellidae were lower in the presence of fish, but Hirudinea and Sialidae were unaffected. Increasing fish density boosted chironomid numbers and biomass, indicating a predominant response to organic enrichment, but reduced the numbers of most other benthic groups presumably as a result of predation.


Husa'k is an outstanding example. Stalling sees the Prague Spring as a possible prelude to the continuation of the reform processes and almost as a moral victory. Such an idea has a hollow ring for the tens of thousands who have been deprived of their usual means of livelihood because of their political positions. It is merely the latest chapter in the continuing Czechoslovak tragedy. However, despite these polemical exceptions, Skilling's book is a masterful contribution which will stand out in a vast field of literature.


Remote sensing (RS) image super-resolution (SR) aims to recover high-resolution (HR) images from the corresponding low-resolution (LR) images. In recent years, the SR methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved incredible performance in case of fixed scale factors (e.g., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). However, these methods need to train a single model for each scale factor and fail to directly reconstruct the HR image of decimal factors. To solve the lack of research on arbitrary scale of RS image SR, we propose a novel amplification module called the amplification-arbitrary module (A2M). A2M can be easily embedded in the tail of the previous SR networks, so that the previous networks can also achieve end-to-end arbitrary scale SR. Specifically, we first use the combination of convolutional and pixelshuffle layers to zoom in the deep feature matrix <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> along the spatial dimension. Information cross transmission (ICT) is then used to gather information of multiple spatial sizes. ICT is not only beneficial to enrich the diversity of information but also can avoid training only a single branch in the training stage. To make better use of multiscale features, we designed an efficient signal weighting unit (SWU) to generate a correlation matrix at a small cost, and then the signals of multiscale features at the same position are fused according to the correlation matrix. Experimental results on the RS and generic datasets demonstrate that our method with single pretraining model can perform well at any scale factors.


The impact on primary hemagglutinin titres in response to a challenge with a suspension of sheep red blood cells of treating male and female mice with naloxone or chlordiazepoxide was assessed. Naloxone increased total antibody titres in females but reduced it in males. This mu antagonist increased mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutinin titres in both males and females, with males showing the greater increase. Chlordiazepoxide reduced both total and mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody titre in both males and females, males showed a more marked suppression. Interestingly, naloxone is anxiogenic and chlordiazepoxide anxiolytic. The data suggest that treatment with psychoactive drugs is likely to influence disease resistance in organisms, data reminiscent of repeated claims that psychological factors influence immunoresponsiveness.


This paper studies the electrode potential (E /SUB m/ ) and standard oxidation potentials during oxide film formation on tantalum. It is shown that E /SUB m/ decreases with increasing oxidation potential but increases monotonically with increasing radius of the halide ion. The potential drop across the double layer on the oxide surface increases monotonically during galvanostatic oxide film formation on tantalum. The values of the potential drop are governed by film thickness and by the original state of the tantalum. The immediate reason for the increase in the potential drop may be transient charge of the oxide surface or imperfections of the oxide film.


OBJECTIVE
The associations of plasma fibrinogen level with age in members from longevity families and non-longevity families were compared and the influences of relationship in family members to plasma fibrinogen level were analysed to study the relationship between plasma fibrinogen level and life-span run in family. MEANS: The authors measured fibrinogen in 156 Uygur subjects from 7 longevity families and 9 non-longevity families.

RESULTS
Fibrinogen level was relatively stable among different age groups in longevity families. It was an association positively with age in non-longevity. Fibrinogen level of children was closely correlative with parent's.

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic factor probably contributes to plasma fibrinogen level. Plasma fibrinogen level correlates with life-span run in family.


The present invention expresses excellent human SGLT1 activity inhibitory activity and is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for diseases caused by hyperglycemia such as diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, Chemical formula Wherein R 1 is H, a substitutable C 1-6 alkyl group and the like; Q and T are either Or expression The other is a substituted C 1-6 alkyl group and the like; R 2 is H, a halogen atom, OH, a substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, and the like; X is a single bond, O or S; Y is a single bond, a C 1-6 alkylene group, or the like; Z is CO or SO 2 ; R 4 and R 5 are H, a substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, and the like; R 3 , R 6 and R 7 are H, a halogen atom or the like), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same and a pharmaceutical use thereof, and a preparation intermediate thereof To provide. Diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, hyperglycemia, pharmaceutical composition, medicinal use.


A common example of wrong route errors is when parenteral syringes are used to draw up medications that are then inadvertently administered into an intravenous line rather than an enteral feeding tube. With the transition to safer enteral syringes with ENFit connectors in the United States, it is critical that nurses use the correct enteral syringes to prepare and administer medications. These wrong route errors are still happening and the need to move to the safer connectors and use them appropriately is vital.


Introduction: Humor does travel cross-linguistic and cultural barriers. Humor is a crucial aspect of mass entertainment and intercultural communication. The translation of humor is also a challenging task for translators as they should have sufficient knowledge of the source and target languages to comprehend the context of the situation. Regardless of the growing interest in Audiovisual Translation, subtitling humor, particularly dark jokes, in movies remains on the periphery of translation studies. This study aimed to determine the strategies used by Iranian translators in subtitling dark jokes in movies based on Molina and Albir's (2008) model.
Methodology: The corpus of the study consisted of a crime and drama film entitled Joker (2019) movie. In the selected movie, 24 dark jokes were identified. To achieve the study objective, two Persian-subtitled versions of the Joker movie were analyzed. The obtained data were described using descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency, percentage) and the Chi-Square test. The obtained results indicated that Amplification, Literal Translation, and Modulation were the most frequently applied strategies in subtitling jokes.
Results: A chi-square test of independence showed that Iranian translators had different strategies in the subtitling of dark jack. Of different employed strategies, the literal translation was the first commonly used strategy.
Conclusion: The research findings can enhance translation students, subtitlers, and fansubbers' understanding of the subtitling strategies being adopted by translators in subtitling dark jokes in movies.


We present a strategy for timing adjustment of ATLAS end-cap/forward muon level-1 trigger system. A basic timing setup utilizing variable delays is described. The delays with sub-nanosecond precision are introduced for the timing setup in bunch-crossing identication. For all the downstream logic, the timing is set up using test pulses and course delays in the step of 25/2 ns. The delay adjustments can be obtained using measurable delay elements, such as TOFs, cable delays, etc., and the BC clock o set obtained when beams are available. All the delay elements will be arranged into a database to achieve adequate timing setup.


Purpose of the study: To find out whether there is an influence of learning discipline and learning independence on the economics learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci.
Methodology: This research is a quantitative research. And in accordance with the problems raised, this research is classified as Ex-Post Facto research. The population in this study were 122 class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci. The respondents taken in this study were 55 respondents (students). In this study, the tool used by researchers to collect data on variables X1 and X2 was by using a questionnaire or questionnaire, while the Y variable in this study was obtained from the results of daily tests for class X SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci students, documentation was taken to strengthen the data collection tool in this study. Data collection was carried out by distributing intelligence test questions to students of SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci. Prior to distributing the questions, the questions used must be good and appropriate or in other words the validity and reliability tests of the instrument have been carried out which can only then be presented to respondents. Respondents were asked to choose one answer by giving a checklist. Data analysis techniques, using normality, linearity and regression tests.
Main Findings: There is a positive and significant influence between student learning discipline (X1) and student learning independence (X2) on economic learning outcomes (Y) of class X SMA N 2 Kerinci simultaneously with a calculated F value greater than Ftable (Fcount = 27.135> Ftable 3.20) with a significance of 0.000<0.05. The coefficient of determination = 0.511 gives an understanding of economic learning outcomes 51.1% is determined by Learning Discipline and Student Learning Independence in learning while the remaining 48.9% is explained by other factors not examined. This means that the better the student's learning discipline and the higher the student's learning independence will result in an increase in student economics learning outcomes.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Knowing that there is a positive and significant influence between student learning discipline (X1) and student learning independence (X2) on economic learning outcomes (Y) class X SMA N 2 Kerinci.


A new flavonoid glycoside, 3^, 4^-dimethoxy-5, 7, 5^-trihydroxyl-flavone 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and four known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial part of clausena excavata (Rutaceae), collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, P R China. The ~(13)C NMR assignments for the C6 and C8 of the four known compounds 2-5 were revised by means of 2D NMR experiments.


The relationship between moral judgment and religious knowledge was investigated, with an analysis of the impact of academic skill on both domains. Fifty-six Bible college seniors completed measures of moral judgment (Defining Issues Test), Bible knowledge (Standardized Bible Content Test), and academic skill (Academic Profile). Results indicate that the three measures were significantly correlated in a positive direction. Bible knowledge was positively related with the most sophisticated level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning and negatively correlated with preconventional morality. These relationships could not be simply explained by the level of cognitive ability. Discussion follows on the potential causal directions and implications for Bible knowledge and sophisticated moral judgments being related.


Tramadol, an important non-narcotic analgesic agent, has found clinical utility in several veterinary species in addition to its well accepted human use. The availability of published data on clearance and volume of distribution of Tramadol in veterinary/laboratory animal species rendered the applicability of allometry. The results of the interspecies scaling for both clearance (2.036353W;R = 0.781829) and volume of distribution (2.526827W;R =0.943264) suggested that simple allometry could help in formulating an effective dosing strategy of Tramadol in a new veterinary species. For instance, the predicted clearance for Tramadol was within 2-fold of the observed value in camels (predicted: 1.08 L/h; observed: 1.94 L/h); while, the predicted steady state volume of distribution value was in close proximity to the observed value in camels (predicted: 2.67 L; observed: 2.58 L). Also, simple allometry performed by the use of laboratory animal (rat, rabbit, dog) and human data predicted clearance and volume parameters in cat, goat, horse and camel within 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively. In summary, interspecies allometry scaling inclusive human data can be potentially used as a tool for dosing strategy when a new veterinary species is chosen. Tramadol, known for its analgesic activity, has purported mechanism of action through variety of centrally acting receptors such as adrenergic and serotonin with relatively low affinity towards opioid receptors [1, 2, 3]. Tramadol is well absorbed after oral doses and undergoes extensive metabolism in both preclinical species and human subjects [4, 5]. One of the metabolites of Tramadol, namely OdesmethylTramadol formed via an oxidative deaklyation process has been shown to be active [6]. However, it should be noted that studies involving [C]-Tramadol are limited in many veterinary species for an unambiguous determination of routes of elimination of Tramadol. On the basis of the information gathered in human subjects, Tramadol undergoes extensive metabolism (both Phase I and Phase II reactions are implicated) and many of the metabolites are excreted in the urine either intact and/or sulphate/glucuronide conjugates [4]. Both hepatic impairment and renal insufficiency can alter the pharmacokinetics of Tramadol suggesting the important roles of metabolism and urinary elimination pathways in the disposition of Tramadol [7]. The work of Mastocinque and Fantoni (2003) suggested that Tramadol produced beneficial effects comparable to morphine in reducing post-operative pain following ovariohysterectomy after pyometra in dogs [8]. On a similar note, Tramadol was shown to exhibit good analgesic activity following intravenous and epidural administration to horses [9, 10]. The pharmacokinetic disposition of Tramadol and its active metabolite, O-desmethyltranadol, has been well documented in a number of animal species and human subjects [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. Since the use of Tramadol is gaining popularity across various animal species and human subjects, the aim of this work was to apply simple allometric principles to scale the derived pharmacokinetic parameters of Tramadol. The allometric equations generated separately for parameters such as clearance and volume of distribution at steady state for Tramadol could be applied to generate equivalent values in new animal species hitherto not tested and/or enable an optimised dose design in the new animal species. In the allometric scaling work attempted in this exercise, the active metabolite of O-desmethylTramadol was not considered for the following reasons: 1) the formation of OdesmethylTramadol is highly variable across species owing to a number of factors including presence of gentic polymorphism; 2) it was felt that incorporation of O-desmethylTramadol may not help guide the dosing strategy of Tramadol since "f" would be confounding across species; 3) OdesmethylTramadol formation is likely to happen in the various species contributing for the purported activity and lack of consideration of the active metabolite may not pose a big risk in the dosing strategy of Tramadol. As tabulated in Table 1, the intravenous pharmacokinetics of Tramadol have been generated in number of species over the last decade. A quick examination of the numerical values of both clearance and volume terms in relation to the body Nuggehally R SRinivas /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.3(8), 2011,1368-1372


In this study the capability of the co-polarized phase difference (CPD) for oil spill observation has been investigated. A simple and effective filtering technique, based on the standard deviation ( ) of the CPD Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image, has been implemented. First experiment, accomplished over SIR-C/X-SAR C-Band data, have shown different sensitivity of the filtering technique with respect to oil spills and biogenic oil lookalikes. Since this technique needs only HH and VV data it can be applied also on dual-polarized data such as those provided by the ASAR operated on board on the ENVISAT satellite and the forthcoming COSMOSKYMED.


This research aimed to explore the relationship between pre‐treatment inflammatory markers and other clinical characteristics and the survival of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received first‐line platinum‐based treatment and to construct nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).


Marking students' attendance within a class session is the prime task of the subject requirements since marking the attendance will regulate the students to attend the session. Moreover, it verifies how many students are attending the class. Previously, attendance was recorded manually by pen and paper. This method takes a long time, especially if the number of students is significant and adds workload to the teacher, and sometimes the data may be prone to error. This paper presents a mobile application for student attendance to avoid these issues. This application will ease the process of attending to the students in the registration instead of the traditional ones where the teacher spends time calling students to know who is present or absent. The students will use their mobile to log in to the application and select the current class to open the camera to scan the code provided by the teacher, and automatically their attendance will be registered. This application is mainly designed for Buraimi University College lecturers and students.


The accurate and rapid monitoring of xylene gas is highly desired for human health and environmental protection. Herein, the bowknot-like CuO architectures have been synthesized through a facile room temperature...


Survey researchers take special care to ensure the instruments they develop are valid measures of what they aim to study, as well as being designed in an easy-to-follow format which minimizes burden and non-response in any mode. In recent years, technological advancement has enabled us to explore the web as a new mode for questionnaire design and administration. By using the web to administer questionnaires, survey professionals have often reduced not only some production costs (associated with labor for administration or entry), but also reduced respondent burden by offering another choice for mode of completion. Many publications have addressed web survey issues such as: who responds, when they respond, and whether there are differences in data quality between the web and other modes of administration. However, very little literature exists discussing how survey professionals can construct web surveys which follow the principles of Universal Design (UD), and are, therefore, fully accessible to a broad spectrum of people.


Cross-correlation-based methods have been used extensively in the task of locating multiple, simultaneous sound sources in adverse environments. In this paper, we present a low-cost prealignment enhancement to fix the temporal drawback of the cross-correlation functionals by aligning all the microphone signals to ensure they correlate to the same temporal event. We further introduce a new functional, the steered-response power of the minimum-variance distortionless response using the phase transform (MVDR-PHAT), for multiple-source detection and localization. Experimental results using real data of a 10-talker recording in an adverse room show the improvements of the proposed functional and the prealignment enhancement over traditional techniques in detecting and locating simultaneously active talkers.


mployment. Investment is likely to decelerate (an l average +5.5% in 2014 and compared with +12% be-2000 and 2012) in line with wdown in exports, but re-t high level driven by a rise structure projects as part of anisation process. and Financing: finally strategy to fight shadow banking at this stage, some milestones were set, especially through (i) financial regulation (China Banking Regulatory Commission supervision) and monetary policy (a more cautious


Can you create an electorally successful left populist movement beyond the nation state? Benjamin Moffitt, Benjamin De Cleen, Panos Panayotu and Yannis Stavrakakis examine the transnational populist European movement DiEM25, which stood in several countries in the recent European Parliament elections, and considers its prospects in establishing an electorally competitive movement at the transnational level.


The complexity of core loss estimation is an essential limitation for electric machine design engineers. It is critical to estimate the core losses and reduce them in the design stage to improve the machine efficiency. Current estimation methods based on the Steinmetz equation and loss separation are not accurate enough even at the rated conditions. This work describes a loss estimation technique combining finite element analysis (FEA) and actual core loss measurements. First, flux waveforms from various parts of the electric machine are determined using finite element analysis (FEA), then identical flux density waveforms are generated in a toroidal wound core made out of the same material as is used in the machine. The loss is measured per unit mass, and then the total motor core loss is calculated by combining the measured W/kg loss values for predefined sections of the motor. Estimation results are provided and compared with the Bertotti iron loss and loss surface methods. The proposed method is shown to improve the accuracy of loss estimation.


Cantaloupe is one of the most demanding cucurbits regarding fertilization, crop nutritional requirements, time of application, and nutrient use efficiency for proper fertilization. The current study is aiming to compare two among some Egyptian Galia F1 Hybrids "GH0913 (GW x Hira4) and GK0911 (GW X Kyouli)" with commercial Hybrids (Primal, Ideal, KMA 104 and Fado) under different Potassium Supplement strategies (during flowering and fruiting period) and its effect on productivity and fruit quality. Drip irrigation method was used and potassium fertilizer rates treatments were 100, 140 and 180 kg/fed. as potassium sulfate where the recommended dose of potassium (100 kg/fed.) was added weekly with fertiligation during vegetative growth stage, meanwhile, 140 and 180 kg/fed. treatments were applied by added 40 and 80 kg/fed. during flowering and fruit set statges. The results showed that all studied fruits quality parameters (average fruit weight, length, diameter, fruit shape index flesh weight of fruit) as well as fruit yield and its compnents (Early fruit yield / plant, total fruit No. /plant, total fruit yield / plant and total fruit yield / Fed) were positively affected by increasind potassium fertilizer rates from 100 to 180 kg/fed.. Also, All studied fruits quality parameters were significantly affected by Egyptian Galia F1 "GH0913 (GW x Hira4) and GK0911 (GW X Kyouli)" in comparison with comerical cultivares (Primal, Ideal, KMA 104 and Fado). Where, GH0913 (GW x Hira4, Egyptian Galia F1) and Primal (Comerical F1) followed by Ideal (Comerical F1) recorded the highest values of average fruit weight, length, diameter parameters. Fado (Technogreen), KMA 104 and Primal cv recorded the highest values of early fruit yield /fed. in both seasons. Meanwhile, the highest values of total fruit yield / plant or Fed. were recorded with comerical cultivare (Primal) and Egyptian Galia F1 "GH0913 (GW x Hira4). It can be concluded from this study that it's important to choose the proper combinations of cultivares and putassium rates to rich the largest advantage of their interactions for cantaloupe plant production. This study revealed that the best combination of treatments gave the best results for cantaloupe production and quality of fruits is comerical cultivare (Primal) and Egyptian Galia F1 "GH0913 (GW x Hira4) with increasing potassium levels in the nutrient solution upto 180 kg during during flowering and fruit set statges.


The World Health Organization (WHO), the National Institutes of Health, and UNESCO have stressed the need for a new generation of low-cost vaccines to promote vaccination programs in the poorest regions of the world. They especially emphasized the need f


We demonstrate that two phenomena, the kinetic magneto-electric effect and the non-linear Hall effect, are universal to polar metals, as a consequence of their coexisting and contraindicated polarization and metallicity. We show that measurement of the effects provides a complete characterization of the nature of the polar metal, in that the non-zero response components indicate the direction of the polar axis, and the coefficients change sign on polarization reversal and become zero in the non-polar phase. We illustrate our findings for the case of electron-doped PbTiO$_3$ using a combination of density functional theory and model Hamiltonian-based calculations. Our model Hamiltonian analysis provides crucial insight into the microscopic origin of the effects, showing that they originate from inversion-symmetry-breaking-induced inter-orbital hoppings, which cause an asymmetric charge density quantified by odd-parity charge multipoles. Our work both heightens the relevance of the kinetic magneto-electric and non-linear Hall effects, and broadens the platform for investigating and detecting odd-parity charge multipoles in metals.


: Drug development can be facilitated by genetic and genomic knowledge. Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity. It aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patient's genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application of pharmacogenetics, which examines the single gene interactions with drugs. Here, we review the contribution of genomics for understanding the biological relevance of a drug target, such approaches promise the advent of 'personalized medicine', in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup.


Knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee is critical for successful rehabilitation following knee injury and/or surgery. Biomechanics of both the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints must be considered. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for rehabilitation of the knee by reviewing the biomechanics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. This will include discussion of the relevant arthrokinematics as well as the eAects of open and closed chain exercises. The implications for rehabilitation of the knee will be highlighted. " 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Refractory edema is often seen in patients suffering from chronic nephropathy,chronic pulmonary heart disease and heart failure.This type of disease is hard to be treated by using method of diuresis-activating alone.Based on the theory of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,ZHANG Xiang-sheng uses method of blood-invigorating and Dampness-Removing for treating refractory edema,the curative effect is distinct.In addition,he deems that blood stasis is the cause of refractory edema.


Perhaps most interestingly, the book concludes with a chapter discussing 'the way forward' for foundations, suggesting that there are opportunities for the best foundations to become hubs of new social thinking, 'the equivalent of 18th and 19th century salons and coffee shops'. Perhaps this is a necessary evangelism. In a sense, this book is a challenge to researchers, as well as foundations, and a number of areas for future research seem to flow directly from the argument put forward by the authors. First, we must ask if we can establish an idea of creative philanthropy that is able to reconcile the different conceptions of philanthropy across different countries. It is extremely useful that Anheier and Leat acknowledge the wide range of opinion around what exactly it is that constitutes a foundation, and place this within different social contexts. However, the book's reliance on an adaptation of the structural/operational definition, while useful in allowing a degree of conceptual clarity that would not be possible with a wider approach, perhaps implies a further programme of research outside of these boundaries. Relatedly, the focus of the empirical work within the book is generally on a small number of countries (the 'vignettes' of creative philanthropy included by the authors are drawn exclusively from the US, the UK and Australia). Perhaps this is justified. Certainly, much of the more interesting philanthropic work has its origins in the approaches undertaken in these countries (the French Fondation de France was inspired by the success of foundations in the US). However, it might be interesting to investigate further how creative philanthropy can be applied in other contexts. Specifically, the impact of foundations in the developing world seems a particularly interesting area of inquiry. Perhaps most importantly, any study of philanthropic foundations that follows this book must continue to address the central problems of democracy and legitimacy. Anheier and Leat readily acknowledge that the virtues of independence are also the major sources of criticism faced by foundations. Despite the undoubted good work undertaken by the very best foundations, perhaps it is too optimistic to imagine that the majority will be able to engage with the problems and malaise of the voiceless and excluded. Anheier and Leat conclude the book with the hope that the agenda it suggests will be taken up by the philanthropic community. The very notion of a foundation is tied up with the start of something – it is usually assumed that what foundations begin, other actors continue and develop. The ideas contained in this excellent book are certainly worth building on.