We previously proposed the toughening and strengthening mechanisms of alumina-based nanocomposites on the basis of dislocation activities, assuming that nano-sized particles were embedded within the alumina grains. In this research, we fabricated both intragranular dominant and intergranular dominant nanocomposites of alumina/nickel(Ni) system. In order to fabricate intragranular dominant nanocomposites, γ-alumina powder with many nanopores was used as a starting material through a soaking method. Intergranular dominant nanocomposites were prepared using α-alumina powder as a starting material. Monolithic alumina samples were also sintered for comparison. Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties were estimated for those specimens. The results showed that the intragranular nanocomposites had a higher mechanical strength and fracture toughness than the intergranular nanocomposites. The values of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity were slightly high in the intragranular nanocomposites compared to the intergranular one. The intergranular nanocomposites indicated a low dielectric breakdown voltage. Relations between the functional properties of the nanocomposites and the location of the dispersed Ni particles were discussed based on dislocation activities and the percolation model.


The purpose of this paper is to present the current activities of a research collaborative program between three institutions from Zagreb (School of Dental Medicine, Institute of Physics, and Institute Ruđer Bošković). Within the scope of this program, it is planned to investigate and find guidelines for the refinement of the properties of dental biomaterials (DBs) and of procedures in restorative dental medicine. It is also planned to identify and model the dominant mechanisms which control polymerization of DBs. The materials to be investigated include methacrylate based composite resins, new composite materials with amorphous calcium phosphate, silorane based composite resins, glass-ionomer cements, and giomer.


Face detection and feature extraction are widely used in face recognition, expression recognition, video-phone conference, human-computer interface, and intelligent monitoring system and so on. In order to solve the problem of low accuracy in the use of the traditional face detection technology in the detection of human face under complex background, in this paper, we propose a new view for face detection method, which is Snake model base on shape restricted. Consider character of the human facial shape is similar to an ellipse, the traditional Snake model is modified by adding the shape energy item in its energy function, which strong the relationship among the Snake points so as to improve the accuracy. Experiments show that it is an effective approach for extracting facial contour under complex background.


Background The correct diagnosis of asthma in young children is often hard to achieve, resulting in undertreatment of asthmatic children and overtreatment in transient wheezers.


Asphalt mixture segregation involves a concentration of coarse materials in a specific area and fines in another area. Asphalt surfaces which exhibit segregation are open textured and generally cannot meet normal density requirements. The open texture and low density allow moisture and air to permeate the mixture, resulting in durability-related damage such as ravelling, cracking, or moisture damage. The overall effect is substantially reduced pavement performance and increased maintenance. This paper provides information related to the segregation mechanism, the causes of segregation, identification of possible causes, and measures to minimize or eliminate segregation. The basic segregation causes and remedial measures are discussed under the following headings: (1) mixture design, (2) stockpiling and handling, (3) surge and storage silos, and (4) paving.


An elliptical body-building machine with automatically-adjustable gradients belongs to body-building apparatuses and comprises a base, a machine frame, upright posts, an electronic instrument, a left and a right swing shafts, a left and a right handrails, bearing bases, a left and a right pivot shafts, a main shaft mounted on the machine frame through a main bearing, a left and a right cranks, a left and a right foot pedal assemblies mounted between the left pivot shaft and the left crank, and a flywheel damper part. The left and the right foot pedal assemblies comprise a left and a right connecting bars, a left and a right foot pedal levers, a left and a right foot boards and small pivot shafts, wherein the left and the right connecting bars are respectively mounted on the left and the right pivot shafts, the left and the right foot pedal levers and the left and the right foot boards are respectively mounted on the left and the right cranks, and the small pivot shafts are respectively used for connecting the rear ends of the left and the right connecting bars with the middle pars of the left and the right foot pedal levers. The front ends of the left and the right connecting barsare further connected with gradient adjustment mechanism respectively through a lower pivot shaft. According to the invention, the track of elliptical motion can be continuously adjusted, namely, thegradient of the elliptical motion can be continuously adjusted, so as to exercise the climbing ability of a body builder; and in addition, the continuous and automatic adjustment can be achieved under the control of the body builder, thus, the operation is very convenient. The elliptical body-building machine with the automatically-adjustable gradients can be widely applied to places, such as households, hotels, schools and the like.


The educational advertisements are displayed in various media; printed or electronic media. The advertisements are set in many types, forms, and styles of language use to persuade the customers. However, they are not clearly investigated yet until there are no certain determinates to these case, especially, the language styles use. This research aims to describe the style of language in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper published from May 2018 to August 2019. The theory used in this study was the theory put forward by Moriarty, Mitchell, and Wells (2012). This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that there were three language styles from twenty-four advertisements that appeared in the educational advertisement on The Jakarta Post newspaper. These are Hard-sell style, Straightforward style, and The combination of Hard-sell and Straightforward. However, the most dominant language style appearing in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper in May 2018 to August 2019 edition is hard-sell style because the language style of this advertisement provided detailed information in which it is very often used in displayed advertisements. Keywords: Language style, educational advertisement, The Jakarta Post newspaper.


By analyzing the physical fitness test data of the teaching staff aged 41~43 of Hezuo City,Gannan Prefecture during year 2005、2009,the author got a result as following : Body shape,within 5 years,teaching staff's height,weight,waist and hip were significantly increased,demonstrated the obvious ascendant trend;Body function,within 5 years,the heart and lungs function obviously dropped,the vital capacity reduced,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure rose,the index of the step presented the downward trend;Physical quality,within 5 years,the standing long jump,grip strength,muscle strength increased to some extent,and the capabilities of the Sit and Reach,which reflecting the muscle stretching and flexibility,presented the drop tendency.


Objective:To study the relationship between intelligent change and brain evoked potential among the children with lead poisoning,explore the electrophysiological basis of neurotoxicity and psychological and behavioral changes among the children with lead poisoning.Methods:According to the blood lead levels,social and family investigation with a questionnaire,after excluding several important effect factors of intelligence,forty-five children aged 6-12 years meeting the criterion were divided into high lead group(blood lead level≥10 μg/dl) and normal group(blood lead level10 μg/dl).The children were detected by WISC,sensory evoked potential(SEP) detection,and event-related potentials(ERP) detection,respectively.The degrees of injuries of lead poisoning to intelligence,sensory system,and advance mental function were entirely evaluated.Results:The full scale intelligence quotient and verbal intelligence quotient of high lead group were significantly lower than those of normal group.The performance intelligence quotient decreased,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.There was no significant difference in P15,N20,P25 of early cortical potential of SEP between the two groups,but there was significant difference in late cortical potential,the elongation of N35,P45,and N60 was the main manifestation.Among P300 waves,there was no significant difference in N100 and P200 between the two groups,but the amplitudes of P300 and N200 decreased significantly,and the latent period extended obviously.Conclusion:The study provides an objective and electrophysiological basis for neurotoxicity and abnormality of cognitive and psychological behaviors of children with lead poisoning,observing prevention,which also provides electrophysiological basis for diagnosis,and treatment of lead poisoning among children.


Frequency response analysis (FRA) has been globally accepted as a reliable tool to detect mechanical deformation within power transformers. However, because of its reliance on graphical analysis, interpretation of FRA signature is still a challenging area that calls for skilled personnel, as so far, there is no widely accepted reliable standard code for FRA signature identification and quantification. While several papers investigating the impact of various mechanical winding deformations on the transformer FRA signature can be found in the literature, no attention was given to investigate the impact of various bushing faults and transformer oil degradation on the FRA signature. This paper introduces a detailed simulation and practical analyses to elaborate the impact of bushing faults as well as transformer oil degradation on the transformer FRA signature. In this regard, the physical geometrical dimension of a three phase power transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. Various bushing faults have been emulated on the studied model and oil degradation is implemented through changing oil permittivity. Practical FRA test is conducted on a three phase 132 kV, 35 MVA power transformer to validate the simulation results. Results show that bushing faults and oil degradation can be visibly detected through FRA signature.


Seamless Integration of Multi-source Spatial-data(SIMS)is an ideal technology to solve the multi-format intergration of geographic information problem with the method of directly data formats access.With the support of SIMS,GIS softwares have a comprehensive analysis function of cross-platform database,which realises spatial data sharing.The paper focused on the implementation of MySQL database engine on the base of discussing the implementation of SIMS.And it verified the feasibility of SIMS and correctness of MySQL database engine by applying SIMS to MapGIS K9.


Solar cells have strong nonlinear characteristics; they are easily affected by light and temperature conditions, and there is only a maximum power point in a specific light and temperature condition. In order to maximize the efficiency of power generation, this paper presents an idea of the conjunction of the maximum power point tracking based on quadratic interpolation and the sun automatic tracking, and introduces our own principles and methods. It also prints experimental data measured by means of physical and designs a controller to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed control method can quickly and accurately search for the maximum power point of PV array, the working voltage is very stable. The method is effective to avoid the drawbacks of a single method in the improvement of solar energy utilization.


The invention relates a kind of accurate magnetoelectricity mutual-induction measuring thickness device. It is consisted of a signal transfer element, a thickness measuring element and a measuring thickness sensor. It is characteristics in that the measuring thickness sensor mentioned previous is consisted of a signal produced loop A, a resonance coil A, a crust, a control panel, a signal produced loop B, a resonance coil B, a gang socket, a item connecting line and a cover board. Connect the resonance coil A with the signal produced loop B forming a axes and then locate in the up-down ends on the upside of shell and the terminals of the two coils connect with the control panel and also the resonance coil A and the resonance B form a axes after connecting together then locate in the left-right terminals on the upside of the crust of which the terminals connect with the control panel. The control panel locates among the underside of crust and the gang socket traverses the cover board by the connecting line connecting with the control panel and the cover board and the crust are fixed. The merit of the invention is the twopenny price so it can replace the overseas production.


Linguistic computational techniques based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) have been swiftly advanced on various fronts over the past five years. However, one critical issue in the existing theoretical development is that modeling possibility distribution based semantics involves a relatively strict constraint that linguistic terms are uniformly distributed across an HFLTS. Releasing the constraint of uniform HFLTS through which individual semantics could be customized is challenging yet intriguing for participants interested in this topic. Comparative linguistic expressions (CLEs) generated from context-free grammar facilitate flexible and accurate linguistic elicitation, and in consideration of computational simplicity, are transformed into HFLTSs that are machine manipulatable. It is imperative that the precision of customized individual semantics can be significantly improved with respect to different CLEs. This study proposes a novel possibility computation structure for HFLTS possibility distributions based on the linguistic terms similarity measure. The uniquely established linguistic terms in each and every CLE are initially treated as referential items for comparison. Then, possibilities of linguistic terms in a transformed HFLTS can be calculated as their similarity degrees to the predetermined referential item. Subsequently, the interweaving method in which a consistent inner interweaving matrix needs to be constructed is adopted for attitudinal characters to attain appealing degrees characterized in the unit interval. The generated attitudinal HFLTS possibility distributions provide a solution to the problem of modeling individually the semantic implications of CLEs. Several illustrative examples and comparative analyses further demonstrate that individual semantics endowed with attitudinal character model efficiently individual differences in cognitive styles.


Petro Vietnam has already completed the construction of a pipeline to bring gas from Bach Ho oil field to Vung Tau, and the associated gas, approximately 1500MMm3/yr, has been transported through this pipeline to onshore.It will take more time until its full utilization is realized. The associated gas contains condensate as a heavier component and its more effective utilization is expected to raise the economic value of the gas. It mainly contains C5-C7 paraffin and RON is estimated to be less than 70, and the production of aromatics for petrochemicals and that of high-octane isomerate gasoline components would be recommended. Isomerate gasoline is environmentally acceptable for Vietnam because it can eliminate the leaded gasoline now being used. Technical studies are being carried out on isomerization processes, plant design and construction cost estimation. The total investment cost of a 5000BPD isomerization plant is around 2000MM yen. Economics studies are also conducted, and its feasible commercial operation is likely (ROI>24.1%, after tax, base case).


The growth of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species (L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, and L. welshimeri) (initial inocula of 103-103 CFU/mL) at 35C in the absence (as controls) or presence of OxyraseTM enzyme was studied using Fraser broth. the results showed that the generation times of these organisms ranged from 35.5 to 54.4 min for the studies with OxyraseTM and from 39.4 to 72.7 min for the studies without OxyraseTM. the degree of growth enhancement by OxyraseTM was dependent on species/strains of Listeria and population of inocula. an earlier initial increase in populations of three strains of L. monocytogenes at 35C was observed in Fraser broth with OxyraseTM added, and the lag phase durations computed for LM 101M, LM 103M, and Scott A were shown to be 3.2, 1.6, and 2.4 h shorter in the presence of OxyraseTM than in the controls. For the range of 0 to 0.8 unit/mL added OxyraseTM tested, the growth of L. monocytogenes demonstrated a dose-response to the amount of OxyraseTM in the broth system.


A round jet of water impinging vertically on a horizontal plane forms a thin film flowing radially which later turns into an ordinary flow after passing through a hydraulic jump region. Hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of two domains of the flow are investigated experimentally. The one domain is the jump region and the other is the interfering films of two equal jets. These two domains have several properties similar to each other because they are both interference zones of two flow regions. The radial location of the interference is found to be an important factor in the hydraulic and thermal properties of the interference region. The film of the jet flow is measured and analysed. It is found that different behavior of the interference zone are characterized by the film Froude number and the Reynolds number taking the radius from the center of the jet as the representative length.


Abstract : This report discusses the potential of distributed data processing for TAC/C3. The report identifies and discusses key issues related to the design, development, and implementation of DDP architectures for TAC/C3. In addition, candidate architectures are described, at the Local Computer Network Level, which provide evolutionary growth from the current centralized DP approach to a fully distributed DP configuration. Finally, a set of 22 recommendations, observations and issues are outlined which are felt to be key to the effective use of DDP architecture concepts for TAC/C3. (Author)


Fly Me To The Moon is a 3-D animated movie from Disney nWave Pictures & Illuminata Pictures that is about three fly's who stow


Volunteerism is a great virtue that is grounded in the teachings of both revealed and non-revealed religions and in all cultures. Since time immemorial, people have been spending time and money to help others without any expectation of compensation. All Prophets were volunteers and they emphatically stressed the need for volunteerism. Billions of hours are devoted to volunteer activities and some world leaders have also called upon their subjects to volunteer their time and money to help others. The aim of this work is to highlight the concept of volunteerism from the Islamic perspective. No religion or law gives volunteerism as much importance as Islam does. Islam encourages its followers to voluntarily share their time, wealth, knowledge and acts of kindness with others. The work is divided into two sections dealing with discussions on the meaning of volunteerism, its different forms and ethics.


The paper by H. E. Wallace was published in Vol. 14, No. 1 pp. 11-24 (January, 1959). It Described the general considerations involved in the space-frame design, discussed the problem of joint construction and gave a table of costs.


Empirical findings on the impacts of international remittances on poverty and inequality have not been consistent. This paper uses fixed-effect regression to estimate the impacts of foreign remittances on income and consumption of remittances-receiving households, and subsequently investigate the impacts of foreign remittances on poverty and inequality in Vietnam. It is found that receiving foreign remittances has increased household income and consumption remarkably, but decreased poverty slightly for the remittance recipients. In addition, foreign remittances have increased inequality, albeit at a small magnitude.


Background: Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent stromal cells which are capable of differentiating into different cell lines. Nowadays, umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (UC-WJ) are increasingly used as sources of stem cells. Studies show that scaffolds can affect the differentiation of stem cells to different cells and cause higher cell viability and proliferation as well. The present study aimed to evaluate the adhesion and viability of WJ-MSCs to PLA/Wax scaffold. Materials and methods: PLA/Wax scaffold was prepared using electrospinning method. Adhesion and viability of MSCs on this scaffold was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and MTT assay respectively. Results: SEM results showed that the fibers were homogeneous, uniform, and free of beads with high quality property, and adding wax to PLA significantly reduced the diameter of the nanofibers. These studies confirmed that the cells were attached to the scaffold in large numbers and with appropriate size. The results of MTT show good biocompatibility of the scaffold made with the cells and a significant increase in the survival rate of mesenchymal cells was observed during the period. Conclusion: In conclusion, using PLA/Wax scaffold has promoted the attachment, survival and proliferation of the cells and has the potential to be an important candidate for developing the efficiency of 3D-cultures in order to cure diseases.


We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to investigate the properties of massive elliptical galaxies in the local Universe (z\leq0.08) that have unusually blue optical colors. Through careful inspection, we distinguish elliptical from non-elliptical morphologies among a large sample of similarly blue galaxies with high central light concentrations (c_r\geq2.6). These blue ellipticals comprise 3.7 per cent of all c_r\geq2.6 galaxies with stellar masses between 10^10 and 10^11 h^{-2} {\rm M}_{\sun}. Using published fiber spectra diagnostics, we identify a unique subset of 172 non-star-forming ellipticals with distinctly blue urz colors and young (< 3 Gyr) light-weighted stellar ages. These recently quenched ellipticals (RQEs) have a number density of 2.7-4.7\times 10^{-5}\,h^3\,{\rm Mpc}^{-3} and sufficient numbers above 2.5\times10^{10} h^{-2} {\rm M}_{\sun} to account for more than half of the expected quiescent growth at late cosmic time assuming this phase lasts 0.5 Gyr. RQEs have properties that are consistent with a recent merger origin (i.e., they are strong `first-generation' elliptical candidates), yet few involved a starburst strong enough to produce an E+A signature. The preferred environment of RQEs (90 per cent reside at the centers of < 3\times 10^{12}\,h^{-1}{\rm M}_{\sun} groups) agrees well with the `small group scale' predicted for maximally efficient spiral merging onto their halo center and rules out satellite-specific quenching processes. The high incidence of Seyfert and LINER activity in RQEs and their plausible descendents may heat the atmospheres of small host halos sufficiently to maintain quenching.


Compressed Sensing Christoph Forman Page 08 Exercise Cardiac MRI, a Clinical Reality with Compressed Sensing Wendy Strugnell Page 16 Free-breathing DCE-MRI of the Kidney using GRASP Philipp Riffel Page 56 Detection of Insulinomas using Compressed Sensing Kwadwo Antwi Page 51 Compressed Sensing: Application to TOF MRA Tomohisa Okada Page 36 Improving Dynamic MRA: Iterative TWIST Bernd Wintersperger Page 40


A combination of finite-difference (FD) traveltime algorithm and first-order perturbation theory is used for fast 3-D computation of traveltimes of P-waves in arbitrary anisotropic medium. An isotropic medium as a reference medium works well for weak anisotropy. Using media of ellipsoidal anisotropy as a background medium in the perturbation approach allows to consider stronger anisotropy without loosing the computational speed because the traveltime computation in such a medium using FD eikonal solver is fast and accurate. Traveltimes in the unperturbed reference medium are computed with an FD eikonal solver, while perturbed traveltimes are obtained by adding a traveltime correction to the traveltimes of the reference medium. To compute the traveltime correction, the raypaths between source and receivers in the reference medium must be known. The FD eikonal solver computes traveltimes on a discrete grid assuming local plane wavefronts inside the grid cells. Corrected rays are not determined in this method. Therefore, we suggest to approximate rays by ray segments corresponding to the plane wavefronts in each cell. We compute the traveltime correction along these segments. Numerical examples show that the reference model with ellipsoidal anisotropy allows to consider perturbed model of strong anisotropy with a higher accuracy of the FD perturbation method.


In 2009, one of us (CM) had the fortunate opportunity of attending Copenhagen COP15 as an observer, representing The University of Queensland (Figure 1). Despite high hopes, there was little concrete action arising out of COP15 (COP is Conference of the Parties). In light of this outcome, and the recent Cancun Agreement at COP 16, this paper will discuss the inherent difficulties of negotiating solutions to the problem of global warming, and outline the implications of these for current climate change projections for Australia, particularly focusing on implications for ecosystems and fauna in the western regions of Queensland.


This paper investigates the leakage reactance of transformers by means of Roth's potential-vector method of analysis. The potential vector is divided into three components. The first component gives rise to the normal reactance as calculated by Kapp's equation; this is termed the ?axial reactance.? The second, which is responsible for additional leakage reactance, is termed the ?radial component?. The third, which does not lend itself to easy mathematical treatment, is shown to modify the axial term, giving a closer degree of approximation by its inclusion. In order to enable the total leakage reactance of various winding arrangements to be calculated, three Tables are provided. Thus it is possible to allow for the effects of cooling ducts, tappings, and end-turn reinforcement. In Appendix I a comparison is made between the calculated and tested values of the leakage reactance of two commercial transformers having non-uniform distribution of ampereturns.


The present study was aimed at preparing a Floating matrix drug delivery system for the model drug Labetalol Hydrochloride, and evaluating the various processing parameters including the buoyancy studies and in vitro drug release studies. Floating matrix tablets of Labetalol hydrochloride were developed to prolong gastric residence time and increase its bioavailability. Floating matrix tablets containing 85 mg Labetalol Hydrochloride were developed using different polymer combinations. Seven formulations containing varying proportions of polymers like HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934 P, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and fixed amount of gas generating agent such as Sodium bi carbonate were prepared. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The formulations were optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties, floating lag time, total duration of floating and in vitro drug release. The prepared tablets remained buoyant for 17 hrs in the release medium. The results of dissolution studies, floating lag time indicated that formulations S1 exhibited good and controlled drug release. Applying the linear regression analysis and model fitting showed the selected formulation S1 showed diffusion coupled with erosion drug release mechanism, followed zero order kinetics. Optimized floating matrix tablets S1 showed no change in physical appearance, drug content, or in vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 40°C/relative humidity 75% for a period of 3 months.


The objective of this matched case-control study was to determine whether women with Même or Replicon polyurethane-covered silicone breast implants are exposed to clinically significant levels of free 2,4-TDA from biodegradation of the polyurethane foam. Urine and serum samples were obtained from 61 patients with Même or Replicon breast implants and 61 controls on two separate occasions separated by 10 ± 3 days. Free TDA was analyzed by gas chromatography combined with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry with lower limit of quantitation in both urine and serum of 10 pg/ml. The results were correlated with the length of time since implantation. No patients or controls had detectable free 2,4-TDA in their sera. Thirty patients had quantifiable levels of free 2,4-TDA, and 18 had detectable levels in their urine. Controls had no quantifiable levels, but 7 subjects had detectable levels. The biodegradative half-life of the polyurethane foam was estimated to be 2 years. A risk assessment using the cancer potency estimate calculated by the FDA from rat data and the National Academy of Sciences methodology provided a theoretical lifetime risk of approximately one in one million. It was concluded that the polyurethane foam cover on the Même and Replicon breast implants biodegrades. The risk assessment of approximately one in one million derived from this study strengthens earlier conclusions by the Health Protection Branch (Canada) that there is no significant risk of cancer from exposure to the 2,4-TDA formed from this biodegradation. 7/08/09 9:12 AM Ovid: Measurement of 2,4-Toluenediamine in Urine and Serum Samples from Women with Meme or Replicon Breast Implants. Page 2 of 8 http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/spa/ovidweb.cgi?&S=PNNCFPPJKODDEIODNCFLJGJJPBKGAA00&Link+Set=S.sh.18.104.22.168.19%7c35%7csl_10 Urine Analysis Serum and Urine Analyses After Acid Hydrolysis Risk Assessment Discussion Acknowledgments REFERENCES Graphics TABLE I: Frequency (... Fig. 1 Fig. 2 TABLE II: Polyuretha... TABLE III: Results o... Equation 1A exposure to the 2,4-TDA formed from this biodegradation. Polyurethane foam-covered breast implants, such as the Même or Replicon, significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative capsular contractures relative to silicone breast implants without a polyurethane foam covering.1,2 The polyester polyurethane used was a flexible, porous, reticulated foam, which was produced from the polymerization of polydiethylene glycol adipate with a 4:1 mixture of 2,4and 2,6toluene diisocyanate. Because there was evidence suggesting that the polyurethane covers biodegraded,3 this study was undertaken at the request of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to determine whether women would be exposed to free 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) as a consequence of this biodegradation. 2,4-TDA has been reported to be carcinogenic in rats and female mice in a National Cancer Institute (NCI) bioassay.4 There is, however, no evidence that 2,4-TDA is carcinogenic in humans, and epidemiological studies of workers at two large European manufacturing sites have not shown any increased incidence of malignancies.5,6 Very careful in vitro studies of 2,4-TDA, 2,6-TDA, and 4-acetyl-TDA (a metabolite of 2,4-TDA) in serum and urine were carried out to establish conditions under which the aromatic amines could be stabilized in these matrices (P. J. Gale, Ph.D., unpublished results). It was therefore possible to stabilize the clinical samples, as they were collected at the Emory Clinic, and permit their shipment to the Bristol-Myers Squibb bioanalytical laboratory. The accurate analysis of free 2,4-TDA was essential so that a dosimetry could be derived from a population pharmacokinetic method. The dosimetry could then be used for an appropriate risk assessment.7 Analyses of 2,6-TDA and 4-acetyl-TDA were also carried out. These values provided insights into the biodegradation process. In a study by Chan et al.8 of one patient with a Même implant, no free 2,4-TDA was detected in the patient's urine. However, following reflux in 6 N hydrochloric acid, measurable levels of 2,4-TDA were observed. For comparison purposes, the urines and sera in the present study were hydrolyzed by strong acid using a procedure similar to that of Chan et al.8,9 Methods Study Subjects A total of 129 women, ranging in age from 23 to 62 years, were enrolled in the study. Sixty-six were patients with Même or Replicon breast implants for cosmetic purposes. Sixtythree were control subjects, matched by age (±2 years) and race. All women were recruited by the Emory Clinic in Atlanta, Ga.; the patients were from the Plastic Surgery Clinic, and the control subjects were from the Emory University community. Each study participant gave written informed consent. Sixty patients and 61 control subjects completed the study per protocol. One of the formal violators was identified after she had completed the study. As the medication she had taken did not seem to interfere with the analyses, she was included. Sixty-one patients and their controls were analyzed. Five patients and two subjects were discontinued from the study for the following reasons: urines positive for cannabis (one patient, one control), inability to complete visit (one patient), wrong type of implants (two patients), and need for intercurrent therapy (one patient, one control). Evaluation Prior to study entry, each participant provided a brief occupational history and a complete medical history, including information on parity. Patients were also asked to complete a brief questionnaire specifying the type and position of breast implants; the duration of implantation; the occurrence of postoperative complications, such as rash, infection, or contractures; the occurrence of pregnancy postimplantation; and whether they had nursed with implants in place. Information on previous implants, if any, was also elicited. Another part of the questionnaire focused on reasons for the implantation and was adapted from an independent survey of women with breast augmentation by the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons.10 Patients and controls were screened with clinical laboratory tests and a physical examination including vital signs. The following exclusion criteria were applied: breast implants for reasons other than augmentation, recent environmental or occupational exposure to industrial or agricultural chemicals, a positive pregnancy test, positive results of drug screening or history of drug or alcohol abuse, history of smoking or smoking cessation within the past year, clinically significant abnormal laboratory values; fever (>101°F) on either day of the study or between study days, other standard exclusionary criteria, and known contact with polyurethane (e.g., use of the Today contraceptive sponge or implanted devices such as pacemakers with polyurethane-coated leads, heart valves, or vascular shunts). Conduct of the Study The study protocol and informed consent document were approved by the Emory University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Patients and controls presented to the clinic in a fasted state for sample collection on two mornings separated by 10 ± 3 days. All participants were instructed to refrain from alcoholor caffeine-containing 7/08/09 9:12 AM Ovid: Measurement of 2,4-Toluenediamine in Urine and Serum Samples from Women with Meme or Replicon Breast Implants. Page 3 of 8 http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/spa/ovidweb.cgi?&S=PNNCFPPJKODDEIODNCFLJGJJPBKGAA00&Link+Set=S.sh.188.8.131.52.19%7c35%7csl_10 mornings separated by 10 ± 3 days. All participants were instructed to refrain from alcoholor caffeine-containing beverages for at least 12 h before sample collection; those taking regular daily medications deferred their dose on the mornings of the study until after urine and serum samples had been collected. Initiation of new drug therapy during the study was prohibited. Patients who were noncompliant were considered nonevaluable and were replaced by new patients enrolled according to the protocol. Collection of Biological Samples for Screening At the time of screening, each participant provided a blood sample for clinical laboratory tests. At screening and on both study days, a 20-ml sample of freshly voided urine was obtained from each participant for urinalysis and determination of creatinine concentration. Collection of Biological Samples for Measurement of 2,4-TDA, 2,6-TDA, and 4-Acetyl-TDA On both study days, two serum samples (each 10-ml blood sample yielded 4 ml of serum) were collected from each participant. The samples were stabilized with a citric acid/sodium citrate buffer. Randomized labeling ensured that analysts were blinded to sample identity. To prevent degradation of TDA, serum samples were stabilized at a pH of approximately 3 to 3.5 with a citric acid/sodium citrate buffer (967 mg of citric acid and 244 mg of dibasic sodium citrate per 15-ml Falcon tube) within a few minutes of collection. The citrated samples were vortexed and frozen for storage at -20°C. From approximately 50 ml of freshly voided, clean-catch urine obtained from each patient on each study day, a 10ml aliquot was transferred within 10 min of the void to each of two 50-ml Falcon tubes containing the citrate buffer (2.44 g of citric acid and 0.61 g of dibasic sodium citrate). Sample Analysis For the assay of free TDA in each fluid, 1-ml portions of serum and urine were removed from one of each pair of duplicate tubes. They were buffered with ammonium phosphate to approximately neutral pH and extracted with toluene. The extracts were derivatized with perfluoropropionic anhydride and analyzed by gas chromatography combined with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The lower limit of quantification for the assays of 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA in serum and urine was 10 pg/ml, the lower limit of detection was 2 pg/ml for serum and 3 pg/ml for urine. The lower limit of quantification for the assay of 4


Chapter 1: Concept of Structure Property Relationships in Molecular Solids and Polymers Chapter 2: Crystal Growth in Small Molecular Systems Chapter 3: Liquid Crystalline State of Matter Chapter 4: Plastic Crystals Chapter 5: Morphology of Crystalline Polymers and methods for their investigation Chapter 6: Polymer Crystal Growth Chapter 7: Glasses and Amorphous Material Chapter 8: Polymer Blends and Phase Separation Chapter 9:Molecular Surfaces Chapter 10: Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces Chapter 11: Colloids and Molecular Organization Chapter 12: Molecular Organisation and Higher Order Structures


This article describes management techniques that have made JetBlue Airways a success. It also looks at another airline, a failing legacy, TAP Portugal, and describes how a new CEO was able to turn the government-owned airline into a success using similar strategies. The article offers anecdotes of how JetBlue employees go the distance for their customers, as well as describing the core values underlying JetBlue management. At TAP Portugal, CEO Fernando Pinto came to an airline with a prevailing culture typical of a run-down public service sector industry. Pinto initiated governance transparency and direct channels of communication with employees. The article also describes the airline's Fly Higher program aimed at improving quality of service, and its "Talk to Us" program which allowed customers to communicate with management about service.


Nowadays, more and more the complexity of product has increased. Moreover, product development must meet all costumers' needs. This complexity has required the establishments of different patterns with additional enterprises to complement their skills. However, the definition of the different patterns with heterogeneous knowledge can share information is important to avoid the risk of misinterpretation. So, product requirements must consider all constraints during the product realization. In this way, researches have identified that there are different issues related to requirement analysis and maintenance during the product realisation. In order to cope with these issues, a conceptual approach to formally model the requirements interoperability is proposed in terms of transformations and traceability. Initially, the authors have proposed a characterisation of product to identify the requirements interoperability issues and the results were: (i) domains; (ii) product life cycle; and (iii) product requirements. Based on these characterisation, the conceptual approach used a formal logic descriptions and ontology application to transform requirements written in natural language to requirements written in formal language (mathematical language). As a result, the research presented an overview of the existing gaps in one or more requirements interoperability to cope with the requirements inconsistency problem in multiples perspectives in product development.


This article describes the indigenous peoples belief underlying the Phi Faa or the Shaman's ritual. The research focused on the components of the Phi Faa ritual as well as its music and how they interact. This study was comprised of site visits to each of the fourteen provinces in the Northern Isarn region of Thailand where data was collected from each regional cultural center. It was found that Phi Faa rituals were mainly in the following seven provinces: Skon Nakorn, Mukdahan, Nakorn Phanom, Udonthani, Kalasin, Khon Khaen and Chaiyaphum. It was also determined that the musical instrument used the most often in this ritual was the khean (a mouth organ) and the rhythm of the lyrics were sung in the Isarn style named "Moh Lum". In the Phi Faa rituals, this style is specifically referred to as "Lamlong". In all the observed ailment rituals, Lamlong was sung by the medium and accompanied by the Khean to praise the ghosts as well as plead with them to come aid the people suffering from sickness. In addition, the Medium consulted oracles to discover the cause(s) of the sickness. Even though the melodies of each song among the seven provinces are more similar than different, the lyrics were completely different due to the medium's spontaneous or improvised delivery. One notable departure from the general pattern of the Phi Faa ritual was found in the Kalasin province which was made up of mostly instrumental music with hardly any singing of lyrics.


Removing lead sources is the main measure against child lead poisoning. Medical treatment is ineffective for most mild cases and particularly against long-term complications in neurological development. However, the effectiveness of interventions to eliminate sources of lead exposure has not been fully established, mainly because of the diversity of situations. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of several interventions (housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation) on blood lead levels in two situations (stable unhealthy housing with old flaked lead paints, slums with family recycling practices by incineration).

 A historical cohort of lead poisoning in children has been established in Marseille, France. Medical follow-up followed national guidelines. Environmental interventions followed legal procedures, where available. In slums, counselling was adapted to the exposure. A generalized mixed model was developed to study the kinetics of blood lead levels after the interventions.

 151 children were included; age = 5.4 (SD = 7.8) years; 85 (56%) lived in stable unhealthy housing, others lived in slums. Medical follow-up included 492 blood lead levels. For children living in stable unhealthy housing, blood lead level decrease was significantly associated with every intervention: housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation (respectively p < 0.005; p < 0.05 and p < 0.005). For children living in slums, blood lead level decrease was only associated with relocation in a stable housing (p < 0.005).

 Several interventions are effective to decrease blood lead levels in unhealthy housing. In slums, access to a stable housing first is a prerequisite for any intervention against child lead poisoning, even when related to family practices.

 In stable unhealthy housing, several interventions against lead exposure can be effective to raise a strategy. But, environmental health and access to housing first needs to be addressed for their implementation.


The traditional Doi–Edwards tube model, applied to extensional flows at strain rates above the inverse Rouse time, predicts that the tube deforms affinely, which implies that the extensional stress reaches its plateau as soon as the chain has become locally fully stretched, even if the chain is still folded, and far from being completely unraveled. By starting from a state in which the chain is in a locally fully stretched, but folded, state, we develop an "entangled kink dynamics algorithm" that predicts the final unraveling of an ensemble of mutually entangled, folded chains, driven by a combination of drag forces and chain tension, with negligible Brownian motion. Equations for motions of both entangled folds and unentangled folds in which two chains hook together at a single fold point are derived and solved, including the effects of constraint release that occurs when the end of one chain passes through the fold at which that chain is entangled. This model predicts that the stress approaches its fina...


The comic adaptation of Richard Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia sexualis adds nothing to the
original, but the change of medium to comic from text to text-enriched series of images
distributes accents differently. Equal frames, like the pedantic gallery on the cover, build
contrast, the second element of which is the chaos prevailing in the lives of ôpervertsö whose
fate is drawn by Robert Crumb. Their deeds can entertain or shock in the short run, but the
impression that steadily builds up, and thus takes root deeper in the reader, is depression. The
medicine turns out to be a character also derived from fantasy, the queen of the jungle,
Sheena.
Sheena, the heroine of the television series, is not only the imagined companion of young
Robert Crumb, but also his phantasm, she combines the role of a sex project with the role of
an erotic tutor instructing him in the subject of fantasizing (somewhat like Mrs. de Warens,
Rousseau's "mummy" ). Sheena's way of life, her parameters as a fantasy center, sets out
paths along which the boy's erotic imagination will take place. In later episodes of the
autobiographical comic cycle My Troubles with Women, Crumb will describe his fellow

women as Sheena's shadows, fetishizing not only the physical conditions of their partners, but
also their openness.


Noonan syndrome (NS) is a developmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features in association with short stature, mental retardation and congenital heart disease. NS may be sporadic or inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait. The children with NS usually have ocular hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears and a webbed neck, chest deformity. In addition, oral features include micrognathia, high arched palate, dental malocclusion, dental anomalies and rarely, cleft palate. The phenotype of NS bears similarities to that of Turner syndrome. However, NS occurs in both males and females with a normal sex chromosome 46, XX and 46, XY constitution. This case presents the intermittent treatment of an 8-year-old girl who was referred from a local clinic for the extraction of supernumerary teeth and treatment of dental caries. The focus of this case report is the oral aspects on NS and particularities of the dental treatment in subjects affected by this genetic disease.


Regarding the seemingly ignored corpus for pedagogical contexts, it is necessary to investigate how prospective English teachers perceive corpus and its use for language teaching. From the description of the perceptions, it is then possible to consider further pedagogical implementation. This study thus examines English Education Department students' perceptions of corpus use for English language teaching in the Indonesian context. There are 31 participants from the fifth-semester students of an English Education Department in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The perception data were collected through questionnaires and interviews after some practice of corpus use. The questionnaires and interviews show that most students perceived corpus positively and found corpus application for language teaching beneficial and essential, albeit unfamiliar with corpus. Due to ignorance, there are some difficulties faced by the students. However, this study shows the advantages of using corpus for teaching language outweighed the challenges. Thus, it should be considered to equip students in language education departments with corpus lessons intensively.


The lac carrier of Escherichia coli enables lactose to pass across the cytoplasmic membrane and to accumulate within the cell. The energy cost of concentrative sugar uptake is borne by the transmembrane proton free-energy gradient (A&+) as envisaged by Mitchell (1977) in the form of pH and electrical potential gradients (ApH and Av). Obligate 1 : 1 proton/galactoside symport via the permease couples the lactose and proton free-energy gradients (West, 1970; West & Mitchell, 1973). Although the energetics of substrate accumulation is now much clearer (Ramos et al., 1976; Ramos & Kaback, 1977a,b,c; Booth el al., 1979), the mechanism of carrier function has been elusive in spite of more than 20 years of kinetic studies (Kennedy, 1970; Harold, 1977). In a simple model for galactoside/proton symport, the following elementary steps may be considered: Binding of substrates


This paper introduces a moving target blind rendezvous system leveraging the BitTorrent Distributed Hash Table (DHT) to securely locate other nodes in a distributed system and to exchange information without a single point of failure. We leverage cryptographic constructions such as Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange and secure hashing functions, as well as the immense size of the BitTorrent DHT swarm to build this secure system. We require a minimal amount of pre-shared information and additionally allow that pre-shared information to be publicly available in the form of public keys. Our goal in this work is to provide a means of secure information dissemination that improves the capability of privacy focused and censorship avoidance systems.


The Democratic Peace Theory is, perhaps, one of the most rudimentary staples for those political scientists examining the effects of democracies and their interaction on a global scale. Proposed in 1795 by Immanuel Kant, the theory has been probed, altered, and expounded upon for centuries by researchers eager to understand the true composition of the relationships between democracies. Today, the theory is heralded by many scholars as something of fact, showing a strong degree of favoritism toward its underpinnings and suppositions; however, the basis of the theory – as well as its modern variant – is far from being immune to shortcomings of substantial degrees. As such, it is important to examine the basis and factors that constitute the Democratic Peace Theory, both from Kant's perspective and from modern researchers on the issue, in order to discern the instruments that accurately forge its entirety, while exhuming the variables that exemplify its true defects. This may be disinterred by focusing upon a single central question: what factors negate the Democratic Peace Theory, and how do those factors disparage the belief that democracies do not engage in war with one another on the basis that they are, simply, democracies? Ultimately, this research is essential in debunking the myth behind the longstanding theory that has emphatically impinged the political science community.


The title-page for The Mystery of Edwin Drood is much more interesting than that for any other Dickens novel--although it has to be added that comparison is difficult, because so few of the others have title-pages. None survive for the first five novels (if in fact any were made) and there are none in existence for the last five, other than the one for Drood. This leaves only the title-pages of the five middle novels, Martin Chuzzlewit through Hard Times, and three of those differ widely from that for Drood in that they consist of determined, one might almost suppose desperate, attempts to fix the wanted titles, doing so over a good many sheets of paper, usually with one title per sheet. Chuzzlewit has nine such title-pages, Copperfield has sixteen and Bleak House ten. Dombey and Son is an exception: a single sheet displays one title, "Some / Dealings with the Firm / of / Dombey and Son / By Charles Dickens / Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation."/ and is such an elegant specimen of penmanship and is so beautifully centered and spaced over the whole page that we are involuntarily reminded of Mr. Sapsea's epitaph for his wife's tomb. We cannot know for certain whether it is the perfected product of several attempts or a leisurely (because he had his title from the beginning) exercise in lapidary inscription; but it is probably the latter, as he did not suppress the failed attempts at a title for his two subsequent novels. As noted, there are no extant title-pages for the four novels immediately preceding Drood. That is, there are none for Little Dorrit, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations or Our Mutual Friend. The closest precursor is the one for Hard Times, fifteen years before, which, as it happens, is the only other title-page in existence that at all resembles his last one. Like it, it is dated at the top--none of the others are--and, like it, it has all the considered titles on a single page, as well as some names of characters. However, when the two sheets are placed, as it were, side by side, marked differences appear. The prospective titles for Hard Times are mostly crowded into a narrow column on the right-hand side of the right-hand half of two conjoined sheets of paper (reproduced in Stone 250-1), with a few more listed just to the left of the column. They are written in a small hand, with many blottings, including some untidy clots of multiple obliterations. The title-page for The Mystery of Edwin Drood provides a striking contrast. It is immaculate. The handwriting is somewhat larger, the layout of the page is coherent and easily graspable, and, even more significantly, there is not a single blotting or erasure. Dickens tried out 38 possible names for the book we know as Hard Times, with several repetitions ("Hard Times" itself putting in three appearances, one of which is scribbled over (1)), but no prospective title for his last book is repeated exactly. There are many variations, but each change, however slight, has a decided point. When we look over the title-notes for the earlier book, we naturally take them to be jottings meant only for the eye of the author. Or, anyway, we do so until we remember that Dickens bound these notes with the manuscript of the novel and preserved them for posterity and so must have known that they would someday, though perhaps not until many years later, be read by others. But, even after this recollection and reflection, they still look very much like work-a-day notes, while those for Edwin Drood seem to be wearing their Sunday clothes. The suspicion that inevitably occurs is that the title-page for Drood is either a fair copy or a final draft. Of these two possibilities, the second is the more likely, for the revisions seem genuinely occasioned by the small exigencies and inspirations of the moment. There is a third possibility, though, one which seems to me even more likely, and that is that the author wrote these notes with greater premeditation than usual--probably at one sitting, after a protracted period of mulling over the various candidates for the title. …


This paper describes a hybrid model which includes both standard finite element and rigid bodies for a clinical application involving skull-brain co-development in infants, with particular application for craniosynostosis modeling. To accommodate the rapid expanding brain during the first few months after birth, the skull needs to extend fast enough to increase its inner volume. Sutures that are fibrous tissues uniting the skull plates together are the major sites for skull growth during this period. At the sutures, the skull develops along these fronts in order to try to maintain the unossfied state itself. Craniosynostosis, which is a developmental abnormality, occurs when one or more sutures are fused early in life (even in utero) while the skull is growing, resulting in an abnormal skull shape. Surgery is required to reopen the suture and reduce the excessive intracranial pressure, but leaving neurosurgeons difficulties without any predicting model to assist surgical plan. Before achieve our final goal (predict patient-specific post-surgical head development), we aim to firstly study normal brain-skull growth by computer simulation, which requires a head model and appropriate mathematical algorithms for brain and skull growth respectively. On the basis of previous model, we further specified suture model into fibrous and cartilaginous sutures and develop mathematical model for skull extension. We were able to produce a series of cranial shape indices along the simulation, part of which discrepancies from reference data due to instability of the model. Some potential future work would be discussed to maintain the stability.


The Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) have been widely studied as a mobility management protocol to effectively use the limited wireless resources. Recently, there have been some researches to apply PMIPv6 to multicasting, which is core technology of Internet broadcast system. However, PMIPv6 based multicasting has a problem in that it shows the disconnection of services during the handover because it does not solve the packet loss problem during binding and group joining procedure when handover occurs. Hence, we propose a new multicasting scheme which provides the seamless multicast service in PMIPv6 networks. The proposed scheme achieves lower latency than the existing scheme because it combines binding and group joining procedure, also it does not cause the packet losses due to the buffering. We present the simulation results which show that the proposed scheme achieves the loss-free and low latency through the NS-2 simulation.


We describe the implementation and accuracy of slitless radial velocity measurements of extragalactic PNs with Subaru and the FOCAS spectrograph. As a first application of the method, we have extended a previous study of PNs in NGC 4697 to larger angular distances from its center, failing again to find evidence of dark matter in this elliptical galaxy.


Learning support services is an important factor to improve the quality of open learning. This thesis approach a number of questions about establishing, consummating and pushing on learning support services in the mode of personnel fostering, it also discusses how to strengthen the construction of teaching media and how to speed up the modern process of open education means. By these means we can go step further to strengthen the research of this problem theoretically and practically.


The dominant form of metal migration (i.e. Ag) in thick films, is composed of electrodissolution, ion transport and electrodeposition steps. Depending on the product type and its operating environment, some of these mechanisms are dominant and could alone be used to essentially model the metal migration in hybrid circuits. In this study, the dominant root cause for Ag migration was accelerated using coupon tests with dilute NaCl, which simulates the effect of contaminants on the board. It was demonstrated that these tests could be used as a rapid screening procedure for the various pastes. The coupon tests were also substantiated with results from the product test in the temperature, humidity, bias (THB) tests, which demonstrated the effect of Pd on Ag migration. Weibull curves obtained from the coupon and THB data demonstrated the product robustness. This was also determined by using the THB data and acceleration factors using field monitoring programs and those published in literature. The coupon and THB data were used to initiate changes in product design and manufacturing, thereby increasing product reliability.


Global development experience shows that,usually,not every enterprise has the ability and condition to carry out technological innovation inside one cluster;only technology innovation of a few core enterprise could directly enhance economic growth,improve efficiency and increase competition ability for the whole industrial cluster,and most technology innovation activities are achieved by diffusion.Based on the development experience of industrial clusters from the big five global urban agglomeration,this paper focuses on body,carrier and system,analyzes the existing issues in technology diffusion and interactive development of regional industrial clusters in Yangtze River Delta of China,and proposes the related countermeasures.


A mission concept is under development which involves firing a spacecraft-mounted electron beam from Earth's magnetosphere to connect distant magnetic field lines in real time [1]. To prevent excessive spacecraft charging and consequent beam return, the spacecraft must be neutralized in the tenuous plasma environment of the magnetosphere. Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations suggest neutralization can be accomplished by emitting a neutral plasma with the electron beam. Interpretation of these simulations also led to an ion emission model in which ion current is emitted from a quasineutral plasma as defined by the space charge limit [2], [3].


The article is devoted to the investigation of unfavorable psychotypological and personal indicators of organization behavior problems, personalization (image) and visual communication (public performance) problems of a professional activity person. The author's point of view is presented from the positions of constitutional psychology.


SP has recognized that there today exists a need to develop structures at sea since much can be done to reduce the weight of ships by using lightweight structures hence being able to construct ship ...


Voltage noise measurements have been made at temperatures from 77 to 150 K with three JFET's and a preamplifier which closely resembles one used with InSb photovoltaic detectors. noise minima were detected with the three JFET's at temperatures of 100-115 K, but the level Df voltage noise for two of the three JFET's was found to be below the noise level of InSb detector systems.


Transmission of 12.5 Gb/s return-to-zero differential binary phase shift keyed (RZDBPSK) DWDM signals with 25 GHz channel spacing in a circulating loop was performed. Test results show that transmission distance of 3000 km over SMF-28 fiber is feasible without Raman amplification and without special dispersion management. Direct comparison of the DBPSK and OOK formats had shown at least 4-dB signal-to-noise ratio advantage of the DBPSK due to better resistance to nonlinearities and balanced detection. Introduction It had been demonstrated experimentally and by simulation [1-3] that the RZ-DBPSK format offers better resistance to fiber nonlinearities than RZ-OOK. In this paper we report results on transmission tests of 12.5 Gb/s RZ-DBPSK and RZ-OOK DWDM signals with 25 GHz spacing in a SMF-28 fiber based circulating loop without distributed Raman amplification or dedicated dispersion map such as pre-or-postcompensation. Test results show that transmission over a distance of 3000 km is feasible when SuperFEC (25% overhead) is employed. Comparison of the two formats show that DBPSK has at least 4 dB SNR advantage over OOK. Experimental setup and results The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. Seven or nine DFB lasers (25-GHz spaced) are combined using a fiber coupler before launching into a lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) driven by a 12.5 GHz sine wave producing an RZ optical pulse train. The RZ optical pulse (approx. 50% duty cycle) is encoded with a DBPSK (or OOK) signal using a push-pull MZM biased at null (or quadrature) driven by a 12.5 Gb/s NRZ data (PRBS: 2-1) with peak-to-peak voltage of 2Vπ (or Vπ). The DWDM signals are amplified and launched into a circulating loop through an acousto-optic switch. All the channels in the same polarization state are launched into the loop that consists of 82.4 km of SMF-28 fiber followed by 10.9 km of Corning dispersion compensating fiber. One EDFA is used to boost the launch optical power into the SMF-28 span and another one to compensate for the loss in the switch and coupler. Due to the short loop length, a polarization controller is inserted in the loop for long-haul transmission tests in order to compensate for the polarization-dependent losses. The output signal is filtered, polarization controlled and split to ensure a proper polarization state at the input of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (AMZ) demodulator. The polarization-sensitive AMZ demodulator has a differential delay of 80 ps, and its temperature is stabilized using a thermo-electric cooler. A fiber Bragg grating filter is used to select the center channel. The optical signal was tappedoff for clock recovery before the amplifier and detected by either a single photoreceiver or a balanced photoreceiver (for DBPSK only). For the case of OOK detection the AMZ demodulator was bypassed.


– Design and analysis of jacketed type pressure vessels is very critical due to complexity of their heads or ends. This paper deals with design, modelling and thermo-structural FEA analysis of jacketed type pressure vessel with pressure and temperature variations as they undergone external heating or cooling periodically. They are widely used in chemical reactors and pharmaceutical industry to improve homogeneity of fluid properties. Due to variation in pressure and temperature, such pressure vessels undergo failures. In this paper, design of jacketed type Mild Steel Glass Lined (MSGL) pressure vessel is carried out using ASME section VIII, division 1. The design of tori-spherical head along with jacket is also carried out analytically. The pressure vessel is modeled using high end software followed by Finite element thermo-structural analysis for different operating conditions. Steady-state thermal coupled with static structural analysis are also simulated and reported in this paper.


Objective To investigate the changes of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in lungs with acute injury induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis(AHNP) in rats.Methods Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=10),and AHNP group(n=30).Of all the rats,the lungs were dissected for lung histological scores and bronchoalveolar lavages were harvested for lung injury index.TLR2,4mRNA expression in the lungs was measured by RT-PCR at different time points.(Results) TLR2,4mRNA could be detected in lungs with low values in sham-operated group;but they were markedly increased at 3 hours in AHNP group,peaking at 6~12 hours(P0.05 or P0.01).(Conclusions) These data suggestal that expression of TLR2,4mRNA is increased in lung tissuse in AHNP rats,and up-regulation of TLR2,4mRNA expression in lung tissuse may be involved in the development of(acute) lung injury induced by AHNP.


Antidepressants can elevate the mood of depressed patients, but have no effect in normal (i.e., non‐depressed) individuals. This characteristic makes predicting the clinical action of an antidepressant, based on the effects it has in normal laboratory animals, difficult. The best strategy for studying the psychobiological causes and treatment of depression involves the use of appropriate animal models. Of the few models that meet the criteria required for a valid animal model of depression, the chronic mild stress paradigm is the most valid and the most extensively investigated. In addition to the protocol describing generation of the model, data supporting the model's validation are presented along with a discussion of technical aspects of the procedure.


Part 1 Before 1945 - Modernism and Modernism delayed: inventing master maps - Modernism - the first decade of the 20th century - Aestheticism - Impressionism and Symbolism, the 1910s -the first phase of avant-garde literature - Expressionism and Dada, the 1920s - high Modernism and the second phase of the avant-garde - Surrealistic elements and new objectivity imposing a total map - Fascism - the literary continuum - from anti-Modern to Modernist voices, the national Socialist literary canon - the uneasy voice of reactionary traditions, Modernist literature - the many voices of defiance. Part 2 After 1945 - Modernism revisited and Postmodernism: defining local maps - the second phase of Modernism - 1945-1949 - the immediate postwar years - defining different traditions in East and West, the 1950s - Modernism or Formalism - nonconformist literature in the West vs. Socialist Realism in the East, the 1960s - change in literary awareness -politicization in the West and emancipation of subjectivity in the East adding partial maps - elements of - Postmodernism - the 1970s - increasing plurality - new sensitivity in the West and continuing emancipation in the East, the 1980s - new confusions -resurgence of storytelling and converging literature in East and West, the 1990s - a new order of things - German issues and global themes in German-language literature.


Objective to explore the mechanism of acupuncture curing artery restricture. Methods the arteria carotis restricture model in rat was made by exposing rat arteria carotis in the air, then the model rat was treated by acupuncture, and the effect of 6 keto PGF 1α and TXB 2 in model rat serum were observed. Results After acupuncture, the 6 keto PGF 1α in model rat serum was higher, and the TXB 2 in serum was lower. Conclusion Acupuncture can prevent and cure artery restricture.


Abstract Carvedilol is a drug used in the treatment of serious cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the development of a new method for analyzing the therapeutic and toxic concentrations of carvedilol in human blood serum is very important. In this study, a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method was developed using isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector for the determination of carvedilol (a nonselective beta-blocker) in human blood serum. The separation was achieved with a Supelco Discovery C18 reversed phase column, using acetonitrile and 1% (v/v) of triethylamine aqueous solution (pH 3.5) as mobile phase. The method was optimized and subsequently validated. Method validation was performed by evaluating precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), stability, robustness, and system suitability parameters. Relative standard deviation (%) values for the repeatability study were very low. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the concentration range of 100–1000 μg/L (R2 = 0.9999). The average recovery was obtained as 99.83 ± 0.84%. The LOD and the LOQ for carvedilol was determined to be 56.63 and 171.61 ng/L, respectively. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that the validated method can be successfully used to analyze the therapeutic and toxic concentrations of carvedilol in human blood serum. Furthermore, this new method is applicable for large sample series in laboratory studies. Graphical Abstract


A randomized clinical trial, involving approximately 100 patients, that compared two combination therapy regimens (5 FU, methotrexate, vincristine, cyclophosphamide with and without prednisone) in adv


PURPOSE
To test a newly introduced implant-abutment material combination against bacterial endotoxin leakage in a human whole blood assay.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two dental implant systems with internal connections and the following material combinations at the implant-abutment interface (IAI) were used (implant material/abutment material): yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium dioxide (Y-TZP)/polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and titanium (Ti/Ti). Test implants were inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sealed and submerged in human whole blood. Untreated implants served as the control groups. Changes in gene expression levels of inflammatory markers indicating LPS leakage were assessed after 1, 8, and 24 hours using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
In the Y-TZP/PEKK test group, a significant influence of the implant system (P < .001) on increases in gene expression indicating leakage were detected after 8 hours for TLR-4 and after 24 hours for interleukin 1-β and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB), indicating microleakage of LPS at the IAI. In the Ti/Ti test group, differences in gene expression were found only for NF-κB after 8 hours.

CONCLUSION
The internal hexalobe IAI of two-piece dental implants fabricated from Y-TZP and PEKK do not prevent LPS molecular microleakage.


Concentration caused quenching (CCQ) effect seriously deteriorates the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of 0D organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite, but reasonable management of CCQ via accurate structural design strategy remains a formidable...


Host cell invasion by intracellular, eukaryotic parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa, is a remarkable and active process involving the coordinated action of apical organelles and other structures. To date, capturing how these structures interact during invasion has been difficult to observe in detail. Here, we used cryogenic electron tomography to image the apical complex of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites under conditions that mimic resting parasites and those primed to invade through stimulation with calcium ionophore. Through the application of Mixed Scale Dense networks for image-processing, we developed a highly efficient pipeline for annotation of tomograms, enabling us to identify and extract densities of relevant subcellular organelles and accurately analyze features in 3D. The results reveal a dramatic change in the shape of the anteriorly located apical vesicle upon its apparent fusion with a rhoptry, that occurs only in the stimulated parasites. We also present information indicating that this vesicle originates from the vesicles that parallel the intraconoidal microtubules and that the latter two structures are linked by a novel tether. We show that a rosette structure previously proposed to be involved in rhoptry secretion is associated with apical vesicles beyond just the most anterior one. This result, suggesting multiple vesicles are primed to enable rhoptry secretion, may shed light on the mechanisms Toxoplasma employs to enable repeated invasion attempts. Using the same approach, we examine Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and show that they too possess an apical vesicle just beneath a rosette, demonstrating evolutionary conservation of this overall subcellular organization. Significance Statement Parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa are responsible for some of the most important parasitic diseases of humans, such as malaria and toxoplasmosis. Invasion by these obligatory, intracellular parasites depends on protein injection into the host cell. Using cryogenic electron tomography, we reveal evolutionarily conserved features shared by the invasive forms of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. By comparing resting Toxoplasma tachyzoites with those primed to invade we also gain new insight into the very first steps in invasion. For this work, we take an interdisciplinary approach, adopting a mixed-scale dense neural network that enables efficient and objective processing of the data. Combined, the results provide new information on how these important parasites accomplish the essential step of invasion.


Abstract A bafflingly low recovery factor (<10%) of a sandstone reservoir (average porosity 20%, permeability 500 md) was investigated. This situation was attributed to complex fluid movements in response to aggressive gas production, a strong bottom-water aquifer, and reservoir heterogeneity. Some higher productivity wells are situated in high seismic amplitude regions. Material balance studies indicated the presence of an initial gas cap, strong bottom-water drive, and major upward fluid movement due to excessive early gas production. Detailed analyses of well logs and pressure-production-PVT data confirmed temporal movement of contacts. Oil segregation inferred from geochemical analysis indicated reservoir heterogeneity, also supported by seismic amplitude variations. This situation, combined with differential drawdowns, resulted in substantial non-uniform distribution of moved oil into the initial gas cap, causing unpredictable reservoir behavior, well failures, and early water breakthroughs. Remedies include shutting down wells with high gas-oil ratios and water cut, and modeling studies to locate moved oil. This study reinforces: (1) criticality of periodic integration of multifarious dataset, (2) reservoir monitoring, especially ones with large gas caps, and that (3) for maximum recovery from similar reservoirs, oil should be produced first, carefully managing initial gas cap- and water-drive energies, followed by remaining gas production.


This article discusses the developmental stages of child play which lead to drama, and emphasizes the value of dramatic play in affective and cognitive growth. Since play and language are interdependent, the elaboration of one helps to enhance the growth of the other; the two combine to stimulate and reorganize mental capacities. The importance of positive, active mother‐child interaction is emphasized, as well as the effects of the child's separation‐individuation pattern upon his subsequent ability to play and learn. Many young children are developmentally and psychologically too immature to engage in meaningful, shared dramatic play; thus teachers should observe play behaviors and intervene to teach the missing play skills. Since participation in fantasy play seems to foster the growth of verbal competencies and ego strengths, such activities may be of particular help to disadvantaged children, many of whom tend to act out in impulsive and often destructive ways.


In this present work the performance and emission evaluation of diesel engine, with various samples of bio diesel is considered. Bio-diesel is taken in pre-Heated condition and is injected into the combustion chamber. The pre-heated condition increases the temperature of biodiesel. We evaluate the performance and combustion parameters in terms of BP,IP, BMEP,BSEC, IMEP, MFC, heat balance, heat release ,CO,NOX, cylinder pressure at various crank angles and volume. And the process is done at various loads.


Genome-wide association studies generate very large datasets that require scalable analysis algorithms. In this report we describe the GEDI software package, which implements efficient algorithms for performing several common tasks in the analysis of population genotype data, including genotype error detection and correction, imputation of both randomly missing and untyped genotypes, and genotype phasing. Experimental results show that GEDI achieves high accuracy with a runtime scaling linearly with the number of markers and samples. The open source C++ code of GEDI, released under the GNU General Public License, is available for download at this http URL


Surface lowering of the Khumbu Glacier, a large debris-covered glacier in the Nepal Himalayas, was detected by means of ground surveying in 1978 and in 1995. Over this interval the surface of the glacier lowered about 10 m throughout the debris-covered ablation area. Lowering in the lowermost part of the glacier, where surface ablation may be negligible, might result from subglacial meltwater interaction. Indication that ice flow is slowing suggests that shrinkage may accelerate even if ablation conditions remain unchanged.


Maternal and child health nursing : Care of the childbearing , Maternal and child health nursing : Care of the childbearing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


Objective To study the expression and interrelationship of the p185,rasp21,p53,p21,Rb regulatory proteins related to G_1→S period of cell cycle in endometrial carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of those proteins were investigated by immunohistochemical method in 21 normal endometrial tissuses ?19 EIN and 45 edometrial carcinoma tissuses.Results The positive expression rates of p185,ras p21 and p53 increased gradually from normal group and EIN group to cancer group,while it was inverse for p21 and Rb.In endometrial carcinoma group,expressions of p185 and p53,p21 were negatively correlated(γ=-0.448;γ=-0.303),expressions of p185 and ras p21 were positively correlated(γ=0.363),expressions of ras p21,p53 and p21 were negatively correlated(γ=-0.365;γ=-0.322),expressions of p21 and Rb were positively corre lated(γ= 0.441).expression of p185 showed significant correlation with the histological type and better prognosis of endometrial carcinoma based on single analys(P0.05);expression of p53 was associated with clinicopathological charactristics of the patients,and implicated a poor prognosis as an independent predictor of survival based on single and multivariate analysis(P0.05).Conclusion The p185,ras p21,p53,p21,Rb regulatory protein related to G_1→S period of cell cycle may play some roles in the carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma,and Some of them act with each other;the expression of P53 as an independent prognostic factor should be used in patients with endometrial carcinoma.


A new finite element solution method for the analysis of frictional contact problems is presented. The contact problem is solved by imposing geometric constraints on the pseudo equilibrium configuration, defined as a configuration at which the compatibility conditions are violated. The algorithm does not require any a priori knowledge of the pairs of contactor nodes or segments. The contact condition of sticking, slipping, rolling or tension release is determined from the relative magnitudes of the normal and tangential global nodal forces. Contact iterations are in general found to converge within one or two iterations. The analysis method is applied to selected problems to illustrate the applicability of the solution procedure.


In this paper a Clock and Data recovery (CDR) circuit is presented which is based on current starved VCO. The output frequency varies up to 2GHz at data rate of 0.5ns. It is working from to 200MHz to 2GHz. It is highly linear using Hogge phase detector that is based on GDI based XOR gate. It uses current starved VCO that is used in wireless communication and it is unaffected by supply variation and the VCO frequency varies with resistor value. The clock jitter at output is 436.056fs at 1.18GHz with less power dissipation at the output. The CDR is designed in cadence virtuoso 180nm technology.


Facilitation of Development Planning is very urgent and vital as an instrument to increase effectiveness in building synergy in terms of regional development in accordance with the mandate of the law on national development planning, namely in accordance with Permendagri Number 86 of 2017. Kendal Regency Facilitation Process by the Central Java provincial government those that have been implemented well will produce legal products that are able to explain the central government's development programs and there will not be problems in the future. The problems of Regional Development Planning, which have been carried out by the Central Java provincial government, are still much sought to be in accordance with the conditions and needs and well implemented in accordance with the laws and regulations, the need for a better solution to avoid future problems ; Time problems that are less effective, and so that scheduling is done in great detail and in a short amount of time, to improve the performance and effectiveness of facilitation. Regarding the issuance of the Minutes is not quite right than the issuance of the Governor's Decree, the Javanese provincial government should be publishing the provisions of the results of facilitation that have been carried out.The Kendal Regency Government also seeks to ask the provincial government to establish a governor's decree so that it can form the basis of the legal umbrella of regional development planning, which is in accordance with the substance of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 86 of 2017, relating to the Regional Development planning process in Kendal District, which was previously in 2016 has been amended by the new regulation by referring to Permendagri regulation No. 86 of 2017, Kendal District Government seeks to ask the Governor of Central Java as the provincial government to provide facilitation that is in accordance with Kendal Regency characteristics, with reference to the effectiveness of the time given so that the bureaucracy that is built can be effective and efficient.Keywords: Facilitation, Juridical, Regional Development Planning


Introduction Satellite-based remote sensing data has become a commonly used technology for Earth surface studies. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has a number of advantages for oil and gas applications: radar can "see" through cloud cover and in darkness, it produces images of high resolution and its signal can penetrate deep in to the subsurface layers. SAR interferometry (InSAR) has become a modern remote sensing technique [1, 2, 3], which allows users to compile digital terrain models and monitoring dynamics of the surface covers occurred between the observations. There are a great number of InSAR applications in different areas, for example, forestry, land-use, geology, archeology, snow/ice investigations, glaciers, earthquakes, landslides. In this article we summarize InSAR applications for the oil and gas industry. The first section gives a brief, easy-to-understand introduction in SAR interferometry terms and concepts. The second section describes real oil-and-gas applications of InSAR. One of the applications (pipeline monitoring) is given in detail as an illustrative example. The authors believe that the discussion of questions arisen during the real investigation is helpful for better comprehension of details of the method. The last section gives a review of properties of current and future SAR missions with respect to tasks named in the previous section.


The implementation of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) has the potential to significantly reduce the incidence and severity of road trauma in Australia and overseas. Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in ISA, which is reflected in the growing number of ISA research and demonstration trials taking place all over the world. European countries such as Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have to date been at the forefront of research into ISA. However, more recently, countries such as Denmark, Finland, Australia, France, Belgium, Spain and Japan have also taken an interest in ISA. This paper provides an up to date review of the literature and trials involving ISA from around the world, with particular emphasis on evaluating the potential road safety benefits and human factors issues associated with the different variants of ISA. Speeding is known to be a contributing factor in a large proportion of crashes involving vehicles in Australia. Of the various classes of ITS that are reaching technical maturity, the technology that stands out as having great immediate potential to reduce the incidence and severity of road trauma in Australia and overseas is Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) (Regan, Oxley, Godley & Tingvall, 2001). Intelligent Speed Adaptation is a generic term for a class of ITS in which the driver is warned and/or vehicle speed is automatically limited when the driver is, intentionally or inadvertently, travelling over the posted speed limit for a given location. Specifically, ISA systems compare the current speed and position of the vehicle with the local posted speed limit and respond if the vehicle exceeds this posted limit. In this paper we provide a current review of what is known about ISA and its potential to enhance road safety. The material reported here is derived from a more comprehensive review of the literature on ISA undertaken by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) for Austroads (Regan, Young & Haworth, 2002). The more comprehensive review constitutes the first phase of a multi stage project that is expected to culminate in an on-road study that will evaluate the effectiveness of ISA for heavy vehicles in Australia. Intelligent Speed Adaptation There are two main classes of ISA: speed alerting and speed limiting systems. Speed alerting systems warn the driver if he or she is exceeding the posted speed limit in a given location. While there are many variants of speed alerting systems, the two most common ones are: an "informative" variant, in which the driver is provided with visual and auditory warnings if they exceed the posted speed limit beyond a specified threshold, and an "actively supporting" variant, in which the driver receives a "haptic" warning (with or without a preceding visual warning) in the form of increased upward pressure on the accelerator pedal. This resistance is designed to inform the driver that they are currently exceeding the posted speed limit for their given location (Varhelyi, 2001a). Variable speed limiting devices make it impossible for the driver to exceed the posted limit. The maximum speed of the vehicle is limited to different speeds at different locations depending on the posted speed limit. A number of control mechanisms exist to restrict a vehicle to the posted speed limit. These generally consist of two types: speed governors and speed retarders. For both variable speed alerting and limiting systems, the maximum speed at which the vehicle can travel before the ISA warnings are activated depends on the posted speed limit for the location in which the vehicle is travelling. Information regarding the current position of the vehicle and the speed limit that applies to that location can be obtained in one of two ways. One way is by means of electronic signals to the vehicle from beacons or transmitters attached to speed signs or other roadside infrastructure, such as lampposts. An alternative approach, and the one that is being adopted most widely in ISA trials around the world, utilises global positioning system (GPS) technology. With this approach, information regarding the road network and data about the posted speed limits within it are stored in a digital map database within the vehicle. A GPS receiver fitted to the vehicle locates vehicle position. An on-board computer continuously analyses the location of the vehicle and compares the posted speed limit with the current speed of the vehicle. Warnings are issued when the vehicle is exceeding the speed limit or some other nominated speed threshold for a given location (van Boxtel, 1999). Development and Deployment of ISA Systems in Australia The Transport Accident Commission (TAC) SafeCar Project is to date the only Australian study concerned with the design, development, deployment and evaluation of ISA technologies. It is a joint research project involving the TAC, the Ford Motor Company of Australia and the Monash University Accident Research Centre. The overall aim


Numerical simulations of the approach to the singularity in spacetimes with stiff fluid matter are presented here. The spacetimes examined have no symmetries and can be regarded as representing the general behavior of singularities in the presence of such matter. It is found that the singularity is spacelike and that as it is approached, the spacetime dynamics becomes local and nonoscillatory.


Solutions in closed form are found for the travel times of marked particles from buried and surface infiltration point sources. The study is based on the quasi-linear analysis of steady three-dimensional unsaturated flow. The results are presented graphically. The mathematical analysis applies to all linear convection-diffusion processes from continuous point sources in the appropriate infinite and seminfinite regions. In the soil water context a limitation is that travel velocities are based on a mean volumetric moisture content.


The aim of this paper was to analyze the interpretation of deontic modals in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) based on two types of obligation: ought-to-do and ought-to-be (Castaneda, 1970 and Feldman, 1986). In Hacquard (2006, 2010), ought-to-do and ought-to-be are interpreted in different syntactic positions: a low position, just above VP, with modal scoping over the subject; and another high, above Tense, with the modal scoping over a participant of the speech event. The low position is associated with root modalities; and high, to the ought-to-be deontic and epistemic. By means of an acceptability test with native PB speakers, we investigated Rech and Varaschin (2018b)'s intuition according to which, in a deontic sequence, the first verb is always associated with the ought-to-be interpretation. The results show that the sequence in which two modal verbs are used followed by a second sentence emphasizing the ought-to-do interpretation is judged significantly less acceptable. When only one modal is used, both the sentence emphasizing both the ought-to-do interpretation and the ought-to-be interpretation, are on average equally acceptable. We interpret this result as evidence that the deontic ought-to-be is interpreted in the left periphery of the sentence, in interaction with the discursive relations of coherence.


Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most widely used additive manufacturing technologies. Fabricating nickel-based superalloys with SLM has garnered significant interest from the industry and the research community alike due to the excellent high temperature properties and thermal stability exhibited by the alloys. Haynes-282 alloy, a γ′-phase strengthened Ni-based superalloy, has shown good high temperature mechanical properties comparable to alloys like R-41, Waspaloy, and 263 alloy but with better fabricability. A study and comparison of the effect of different heat-treatment routes on microstructure and mechanical property evolution of Haynes-282 fabricated with SLM is lacking in the literature. Hence, in this manuscript, a thorough investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties after a three-step heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been conducted. In-situ heat-treatment experiments were conducted in a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study γ′ precipitate evolution. γ′ precipitation was found to start at 950 °C during in-situ heat-treatment. Insights from the in-situ heat-treatment were used to decide the aging heat-treatment for the alloy. The three-step heat-treatment was found to increase yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). HIP process enabled γ′ precipitation and recrystallization of grains of the as-printed samples in one single step.


: DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence to identify the order of nucleotide in DNA. The development of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery. DNA sequencing technologies could help biologists and health care providers in a broad range of applications such as molecular cloning, breeding, finding pathogenic genes and comparative and evolution studies. Advancements in sequencing were aided by the concurrent development recombinant DNA technology, which allow DNA samples can be taken from different sources other than viruses. Sanger methods were developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977; it was the most widely used sequencing method for approximately 40 years. Recently higher volume Sanger sequencing has been replaced by next generation sequencing methods, especially for large-scale, automated genome analyses. NGS technology refers to non-Sanger-based high-throughput DNA sequencing technology and millions or billions of DNA molecules can be sequenced in parallel, thereby increasing the throughput sequencing. Currently, pyrosequencing method is broadly being used in many applications such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and identification of bacteria. The development of new methods 'third generation sequencing reduce well known limitations of the second generation sequencing platforms such as high costs, biases resulting from library amplification step and time consuming protocols. Fourth generation sequencing used for multiplex gene expression profiling and analyses of point mutations in breast cancer tissue sections use in situ sequencing. Moreover, although new technologies that will be decreasing of costs continuously in coming years an increase data production levels, an obvious bottleneck of sequencing accuracy for all NGS technologies remains to be solved during this period.


In this paper, we analyze the evolution of the generalized Pauli channels governed by the memory kernel master equation. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the memory kernel to give rise to the legitimate (completely positive and trace-preserving) quantum evolution. In particular, we analyze a class of kernels generating the quantum semi-Markov evolution, which is a natural generalization of the Markovian semigroup. Interestingly, the convex combination of Markovian semigroups goes beyond the semi-Markov case. Our analysis is illustrated with several examples.