Design science research (DSR) has gained increased attention in the past decades. This type of research is commonly organized as research projects that need to be managed thoroughly to achieve the intended outcomes. However, very little empirical data are available that provide insights into the nature of DSR projects. This this study aims to better understand DSR projects as a foundation for further studies. It provides first empirical data about DSR project characteristics that have been collected in eight semi-structured interviews with experienced scholars. The data show that DSR projects are heterogeneous in terms of size, complexity, duration, budget and research outputs. They have in common that they focus on relevance, the design of artifacts, evaluation and the involvement of industry partners. A comparison with related meta-studies reveals that research methods employed in DSR projects differ significantly from the ones identified in the meta-studies.


Nearly, all dense suspensions undergo dramatic and abrupt thickening transitions in their flow behavior when sheared at high stresses. Such transitions occur when the dominant interactions between the suspended particles shift from hydrodynamic to frictional. Here, we interpret abrupt shear thickening as a precursor to a rigidity transition and give a complete theory of the viscosity in terms of a universal crossover scaling function from the frictionless jamming point to a rigidity transition associated with friction, anisotropy, and shear. Strikingly, we find experimentally that for two different systems—cornstarch in glycerol and silica spheres in glycerol—the viscosity can be collapsed onto a single universal curve over a wide range of stresses and volume fractions. The collapse reveals two separate scaling regimes due to a crossover between frictionless isotropic jamming and frictional shear jamming, with different critical exponents. The material-specific behavior due to the microscale particle interactions is incorporated into a scaling variable governing the proximity to shear jamming, that depends on both stress and volume fraction. This reformulation opens the door to importing the vast theoretical machinery developed to understand equilibrium critical phenomena to elucidate fundamental physical aspects of the shear thickening transition.


In article the problem of creation of the course «Statistical Information in SPSS» is considered, its structure, the purpose and tasks are defined. The course role in formation of competences when training students sociologists is noted. Importance of the solution of the professional focused tasks is shown


Summary form only given. A new low power consumption fluorescent lamp, suitable for mobile computing device backlighting, is investigated. Usually efficiency of conventional CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps) operated in conditions of low power wattage and/or at low ambient temperature decreases because of the deficit of Hg vapor pressure. Containing Xe and Hg in lamps and utilizing UV emissions from both, our new lamp efficiency in above conditions has been much improved. The lamp conditions are as follows. Input wattage is less than 1 watt, typically 0.5 W. Inner diameter is 2 mm, lengths are 45 mm or 100 mm. Gas pressure is more than 7 kPa, typically 9.3 kPa, Xe and Xe-Ar gases are estimated. The lamps are operated in pulse mode: tens kHz and duty-time is less than 50%, typically 20% to increase the efficiency. The pulse mode operation makes lamp efficiency about twice as much as DC operation. With optimizing operating factors, the lamp efficiency below ambient temperature -10/spl deg/C (14/spl deg/F) becomes 60% of the efficiency at 25/spl deg/C (77/spl deg/F), on the other hand, in the case of conventional CCFL, about 20% of the efficiency at 25/spl deg/C (77/spl deg/F). The efficiency becomes higher than that of conventional CCFL when input lamp wattage is less than 0.07 W/cm. Because of the high gas pressure, afterglow from Xe/sub 2/ is hidden in the decay of the emission from the phosphor which decay time is /spl sim//spl mu/sec. However, our model calculation results show Xe/sub 2/ excimer emissions contribute to its high efficiency.


Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a chronic disease and a serious health problem in modern
society.
Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge among students graduating
from medical faculties regarding absorbent products for women suffering from SUI.
Material and methods: The study involved 1,581 participants who were students in the final year of their
medical studies attending several different universities. The author's survey was used for the research. The
chi2 test was used for analysis. Differences with a P-value of<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Approximately 72% of nursing and midwifery students were familiar with absorbent products available
on the Polish market used in cases of urinary incontinence, compared to about 54% of physiotherapy
students and 35% of medical students. Approximately 77% of nursing and midwifery students were able to
indicate which factors are important when selecting products for women suffering from SUI. About 55% of
future physicians were knowledgeable about this subject and only 0.7% of physiotherapy students.
Conclusions: The group of nursing and midwifery students had the best level of knowledge necessary to assist
a woman suffering from SUI in the selection of absorbent products.


Abstract The first main result of the paper is a criterion for a partially commutative group $\mathbb{G}$ to be a domain. It allows us to reduce the study of algebraic sets over $\mathbb{G}$ to the study of irreducible algebraic sets, and reduce the elementary theory of $\mathbb{G}$ (of a coordinate group over $\mathbb{G}$ ) to the elementary theories of the direct factors of $\mathbb{G}$ (to the elementary theory of coordinate groups of irreducible algebraic sets). Then we establish normal forms for quantifier-free formulas over a non-abelian directly indecomposable partially commutative group $\mathbb{H}$ . Analogously to the case of free groups, we introduce the notion of a generalised equation and prove that the positive theory of $\mathbb{H}$ has quantifier elimination and that arbitrary first-order formulas lift from $\mathbb{H}$ to $\mathbb{H}\,*\,F$ , where $F$ is a free group of finite rank. As a consequence, the positive theory of an arbitrary partially commutative group is decidable.


AbstractThis paper analyses euro area Beveridge curves at the euro area aggregate and country level over the past 25 years. Using an autoregressive distributed lag model, we find a significant outward shift and flattening of the euro area Beveridge curve since the onset of the crisis, but considerable heterogeneity at country level. We test for factors underlying these developments using the local projection method of Jordà (Am Econ Rev 95(1):161–182, 2005). Skill mismatch and high shares of construction workers, as well as high home ownership rates appear strong determinants of the outward shifts in Beveridge curves. Higher female participation rates mitigate these effects.
 JEL Classification: J62, J63, E24, E32


For power grid regulation, it is critical to understand the carbon footprint of the grid and the trend in carbon emissions. To begin, this project creates a power supply carbon emission model in order to study power supply carbon emissions under various operating situations. Then, based on electrical dissection, we propose a grid carbon footprint tracking algorithm to create a real-world carbon footprint map of a certain region, which can dynamically track and display the distribution of carbon flow in a certain region, a, the direction of carbon flow of different power sources, and the carbon emission of different regions, allowing dispatchers to grasp the grid's carbon emission trend and provide auxiliary support for grid regulation.


We study the left-invertibility of innite matrices indexed by metric spaces satisfying the doubling property. Under dierent conditions on the rows and the columns, we prove that being bounded-below in ' p for some 1 p 1 ; implies that there is a left-inverse which is bounded in ' q , for all 1 q 1 : In particular, this applies to matrices with polynomial decay, indexed by discrete groups of polynomial growth.


This paper investigates the effects of different inlet flow profiles on thermal mixing within a T-junction using CFD simulations with the IDDES-SST turbulence model. The different combinations of inlet flow profiles are related to different stage in the flow entry region. The effects of the inlet flow profile on the mean and transient flow behaviour are assessed, while a spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and power spectral density analysis are performed to assess the underlying flow structures and the predominant frequency modes. It is found that the vortical structures associated with the horseshoe and hovering vortex systems consist of a single roll-up vortex for cases with uniformly distributed boundary conditions (BCs) at the branch inlet whereas a double roll-up vortex is observed for the other cases. The double roll-up vortex enhances the mixing locally due to the entrainment of fluid from the branch pipe in these vortical structures, which then results in a lower mean temperature distribution. The appearance of the secondary vortex pair and the nested vortices is delayed for cases with uniformly distributed BCs at the branch inlet, which again results in lower thermal mixing and consequently higher values of mean temperature when compared with the other cases. It is also found that the vorticity related to the counter-rotating vortex pair as well as to the second pair of vortices rotating in the opposite direction is higher for cases with uniformly distributed BCs at the branch inlet. Lastly, the combinations of inlet flow profiles lead to different coherent structures, and the dominant frequencies are of a Strouhal number of around 0.7 for uniformly distributed profiles at the branch inlet and in the range 0.4–0.5 for the other cases.


There is a significant population of people who suffer from hearing impairments and rely on open captioning to know the dialogues among the actors during an on-stage show in theatres. However, existing open captioning solutions always project the captions on a large screen in the theatre which can be viewed by both the people with hearing problems and other people with functional hearing capabilities. This will impact the aesthetic experience for those people with functional hearing capabilities. Leveraging on the power of Augmented Reality (AR), we developed Smart Captions, a network-based novel solution for closed captioning in theatre settings. The solution allows the theatre staff to easily and flexibly configure and to control the captions for a target show in a theatre and the caption content will be transmitted through network and displayed on the AR smart glasses worn by the audience with hearing impairments. In this way, only the audience with hearing impairments will be able to view the captions while the audience with functional hearing capabilities will not be impacted. Our Smart Captions solution is successfully implemented on distributed system architecture thus allowing multiple audience to view the on-stage show at the same time. The solution has been successfully tested and deployed at the industry partner of the research work.


Based on the patent data collected in Derwent Innovations Index, this paper uses scientometric analysis to visualize the patent application trends, regional distribution and R&D institutions of flexible display technology. By identifying the hot spots and frontier areas of flexible display, this paper comprehensively understands the development status and future trends of the field. Results show that Chinese enterprises have made breakthroughs in some key technologies, but Korea and Japan still master the important technology. Chinese enterprises need to increase R&D investment in order to occupy the important position of flexible display market.


We study an expansion of MV-algebras, called MV-algebras, in which minimal and maximal xed points are denable. The rst result is that MV-algebras are termwise equivalent to divisible MV -algebras, i.e. a combination of two known MValgebras expansion: divisible MV-algebras and MV -algebras. Using methods from the two known extensions we derive a number of results about MV-algebras; among others: subdirect representation, standard completeness, amalgamation property and a description of the free algebra.


Whole body protein turnover was measured in 11 patients before and after elective orthopaedic operations by giving 15N‐glycine orally every 4 hours for 32 hours. The patients were maintained throughout on a constant protein intake. In 2 control subjects a comparison was made between intermittent dosage and continuous infusion of 15N‐giycinefor the estimation of total protein turnover. With intermittent dosage the 15N abundance in urinary urea reached a constant level after about 24 hours. Rates of total protein synthesis and breakdown were calculated from the 15N abundance at the plateau level. After surgery there was a moderate increase in urinary N output. The apparent N balance (intake—urinary N) was −0·52 ± 1.31 g/d (mean ± s.d.) before operation and −7·51 ± 4.5 g/d after operation. The rate of protein synthesis fell from 3·83 ± 0·73g kg−1 d−1 before operation to 2·94 ± 0·83 g kg−1 d−1 after operation. This difference is statistically significant (0·05 > P > 0·01). There was no significant change in the rate of protein breakdown. The possibility remains that a block in protein synthesis, probably mainly in muscle, may be partly responsible for the so‐called atabolicloss of nitrogen after injury, but this has not been proved.


The American College of Rheumatology has updated its guidelines for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. All patients with synovitis and arthritis in 5 or more joints should start an IL-1 receptor antagonist, they say, and some may need glucocorticoid therapy as well.


A neuromorphic computing architecture for adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems is presented. Starting with some prior assumptions about stabilizability of the plants, a stable unsupervised architecture is obtained. It is a parallel distributed architecture, and it is shown that it provides bounded tracking and asymptotic regulation, following a class of teacher models. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated for a robotic manipulator.<<ETX>>


This study aims to explore and get a picture of the perception of educators Maadrasah Ibtidaiyah about the competence it has. Along with the birth of Law Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System and Law Number 14 Year 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, the teachers have been recognized as professions. As a profession, teachers must have clear and measurable competencies. Teacher competence is four, namely: pedagogic competence, professional competence, social competence, and personal competence. Efforts to improve competence can be done if the educator has a good perception of the competence he has. Please note how the perception of MI educator to pedagogic, personality, social, professional and religious competence, so that later can be known what actions or programs that can be done in improving their competence.


We consider the number of almost unknotted embeddings of graphs in Z3. We show that the number of such embeddings is the same, to exponential order, as the number of unknotted embeddings. We also consider some higher dimensional analogues, ie almost unknotted embeddings of surfaces which are p-dimensional analogues of Θ-graphs in Zp+2. We describe a lattice version of the spinning construction which establishes the embeddability of such surfaces in Zp+2 and show that the number of embeddings is the same, to exponential order, as the number of unknotted embeddings. The proofs of our upper bounds feature a novel application of the classical Loomis–Whitney inequality.


As an ideal carrier of high‐resolution information, seismic diffraction can be used to clarify and locate small‐scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities in the subsurface. However, a diffraction is weak and thus be suppressed by the specular reflection. Furthermore, a diffraction would be destroyed by the conventional imaging method due to the polarity reversal of diffraction. In this paper, we analyse the behaviour of diffraction and reflection. For the image point on a horizontal or oblique reflector, the zone on both sides of the stationary point has the same energy after using a cosine weight function. Based on the behaviour, we propose the adaptive phase filter to adjust the polarity of the energy on both sides, and calculate it through the illumination angle and the reflector dip angle. This method avoids the calculation of the Fresnel zones and can further suppress residual reflection that disturb the diffraction images. Synthetic and field data applications show that the desired imaging results can be obtained by the proposed method. The test results demonstrate that the method is efficient in detecting small‐scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities in the subsurface and can provide high‐resolution information for seismic interpretation.


Consider a statistical decision problem in which nature has a finite number of states. The elementary theorems of decision theory, namely the Minimax theorem, the Complete class theorem, and theorems on the structure of admissible rules, are proved in most texts under the assumptions that the risk set is closed from below and bounded from below. The condition that the risk set is bounded from below is sufficient for the existence of the lower boundary points; however, that it is not necessary can be seen from simple examples. The purpose of this paper is to extend the elementary theorems of decision theory to include the case in which the risk set is not bounded from below and the set of lower boundary points is nonempty. We also show that if the risk set is bounded from above then it is necessary for the risk set to be bounded from below for the set of lower boundary points to be nonempty. We present examples to illustrate our theorems. fResearch partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Office Grant number DAAL03-86-K-0094. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. AMS(1980) Subject Classifications: 62C07, 62C10, 62C15.


The role of the lateral intraparietal area, LIP, in visuospatial processing has been debated for several decades. Strong evidence has supported an involvement in the sensorimotor transformation for saccade movement planning, while other strong evidence has supported a more general role in registering salient spatial locations. A promising technique to resolve this discrepancy is reversible inactivation by micro-injection of pharmacological agents. An oculomotor role for LIP was supported by the study of Li & Andersen (1999), who found that reversible inactivation of LIP with muscimol led to delayed reaction times for visually-and memory-guided saccades. However, a non-specific role was supported by studies of Wardak and colleagues (2002, 2004), who found normal reaction times for single targets, but pronounced delays when visual targets were presented among distractors. In both studies, the injections were aimed at the lateral bank of the IPS in the region in which delay activity was found in an oculomotor delayed saccade task. However, LIP is likely to consist of two separate regions, LIPd and LIPv (Lewis & Van Essen, 2000), raising the possibility that the two studies may have inadvertently targeted different cortical areas. In order to address this possibility, we performed similar reversible inactivation experiments by co-injecting manganese (Mn), a MRI-lucent contrast agent, with muscimol, a GABA-a agonist. The inclusion of Mn allowed us to directly visualize our injection sites using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (Fig. 1). We found both oculomotor deficits and search deficits following LIP inactivations. More importantly, our imaging data showed that the injection sites underlying saccadic and search effects were anatomically dissociable. The reaction times (RT) for contralateral Figure 1 | MRIs of LIP injections. Injection sites were visible as bright halos representing the manganese-induced T1 signal increase on the coronal sections. a. A single ventral LIP injection (1.0 uL). b. A double dorsal LIP injections (1.0 x 2 uL). c. Two injection halo outlines superimposed on the fiducial surface of the monkey's brain. Red: sites that showed a search effect. White: sites that did not show a search effect. IPS, intraparietal sulcus; POS, parieto-occipital sulcus; STS, superior temporal sulcus.


One of the factors related to work productivity is work motivation and work support. This
study aims to examine empirically the role of work motivation and work support for work
productivity in woman workers. The study population was all woman workers at the
University of X and a sample of 50 woman workers at University X. The sampling technique
used purposive sampling with the characteristics of the subject, namely woman, married,
having children, permanent workers and working period of more than one year. The method
of data collection uses a scale of work productivity, work motivation scale, and work support
scale. Data analysis with multiple linear regression. The results showed that there was a very
significant contribution between work motivation and work support for work productivity.
The effect of work support on work productivity is more dominant than the effect of work
motivation on woman workers at University X.


With the recent increase in the number of foreign settlers in our country, we need a societal system which they can adapt well in. In order to successfully settle in our society, the marriage immigrants who especially plan a life in a new environment should be supported with support programs, especially to help them adapt to their very basic housing environment as their daily environment. From this research, through a program analysis of multi-cultural family support centre, the societal support helping to adapt to the residential environment for marriage immigrants in each nation was examined, and grasp an understanding on their adaptation to the housing environment by conducting interviews about housing environment adaptation examples. From the result of analyzing the 100 programs of the multi-cultural family support system, it could be seen that for the marriage immigrants to adapt, various programs are needed. In other words, there are effective programs for the early settlement of the marriage immigrants such as Korean education, tradition culture education, provision of district daily information, but it could be seen that heavier education was needed for, than for the sake of the marriage immigrants who took such education. Through adaptation case examples of 8 marriage immigrants from 5 different countries, it was realizable that the housing problems the marriage immigrants go through, are not limited to themselves, but also are related to the safety of their family and adaptation problems with their children. Therefore, by developing an adaptation program to help with housing environmental adaptation, the lives of the marriage immigrants' families will be supported, and will support early settlement, which then basic preparation for human resources as district societal use will be needed. By developing a program with a housing environmental professional, and if there is a positive effect and achievement, it is expected that there will be a standard program system available for all marriage immigrants.


Thedynamics ofchanges inthecellularity and extracellular matrixcomposition ofdental pulpvaries considerably during tooth development andmaturation. In this paper, we studied matrixproteoglycans wherewe hypothesized that they played important roles instructural, spatial, andtransport aspects ofpulpal development and maintenance. Thepulpal tissue wascollected frompartially erupted bovine incisors, pulverized, andthenextracted with 6M guanidine-HCl. Theextract wassubjected toanion columnchromatography (DEAE-8HR), andthefractions collected werescreened bydot-blot immunoassay bymeans ofmonoclonal antibodies generated against 4-and6- sulfated chondroitin sulfate isomers, andkeratan sulfate, 2- B-6, 3-B-3, and5-D-4, respectively. Thechondroitin-6-sulfate wasthemajorglycosaminoglycan species andoccurred asa large-molecular-weight proteoglycan (>500kDa). After further purification, itwassubjected toagarose/acrylamide composite gelelectrophoresis, anditmigrated asasingle band stainedwithStains-All. The band was immunopositive against antibody 3-B-3 byWestern blot analysis. Thepartial aminoacidsequence analyses ofthe coreprotein clearly indicated this molecule tobeversican. Thepresence oflink protein wasalso confirmed byWestern blot analysis withananti-link protein monoclonal antibody, 8-A-4. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study indicated that thedistributions ofversican andlink protein coincide inthedental pulpandareenriched intheperipheral areaof thetissue justbeneath theodontoblast layer. Since the dental pulpcontains hyaluronan, versican maybindto hyaluronan viaitshyaluronan-binding domain, wherethis association isstabilized bylink protein. Thiscomplex, then, could formlarge hydrated proteoglycan aggregates that fill theextracellular space, support odontoblasts, and/or facilitate thetransport function ofmetabolites andnutrients within thetissue.


1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N Recently TAB(Tape Automated Bonding)has become t h e main d r i v e r I C Assembly method f o r LCD(Liquid Crystal Disp1ay)modules. The reasons f o r t h e f i n e r p i tches a r e derived from technica l reasons corresponding t o c h a r a c t e r i s t ics of a p p l i c a t i o n s and lower c o s t . There are many s i z e s of LCD (Liquid Clystal Display) modules, from 0.7 inches f o r e l e c t r o n i c view f i n d e r s (EVF) t o 15 inches f o r workstat ions. Techniques of in te rconnec t ions f o r t h e s e panels have two c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . The f i r s t i s a high dens i ty as t h e r e a r e up t o a million pixels on a panel , with each pixel needing a d r i v e r . The second i s a t h i n n e r and smaller cons t ruc t ion . So, COG technology has been developed using t h e technique of d i r e c t bonding d r i v e r ICs on panel g l a s s . The COG technology panel is not only have higher dens i ty and a t h i n n e r and smaller s i z e , but a l s o have f e w e r processes and !ower c o s t s as compared with t h e TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) technology. The former COG method of using conductive p a r t i c l e s with adhesives requi res severa l alignment processes , which made i t unsui table f o r mass prduct ion. We have inves t iga ted a new COG technology t h a t wi l l become a prospect ive winner of t h e next age. The above new COG technology must be able t o increase t h e number of I C e l e c t r o d e s , and t o decrease t h e s i z e of t h e LCD module and its c o s t . In a d d i t i o n , process of t h e above new COG technology must be simple. Some of t h e usual COG techniques needed severa l alignment processes f o r s e t t i n g of adhesives , and I C s . Also some of t h e usual COG s t r u c t u r e s were not small enough, and had some problems. We have developed t h e new COG technology cal led "MAPLE"(M1M Active Panel LSI mount Engineering) method. The MAPLE method i s a face-down bonding method t h a t bonds t h e d r i v e r I C s d i r e c t l y t o a panel g lass s u b s t r a t e using ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) which i s a thermoset t ing adhesive. In t h e MAPLEmethod, d r i v e r I C ch ips have s t r a i g h t Au bumps. Conductive p a r t i c l e s in t h e ACF a r e uniformly placed on t h e adhesive. "MAPLE" has only one alignment process. Using non-stationary heat t r a n s f e r ana lys i s and s t r e s s a n a l y s i s , w e ge t t h e most s u i t a b l e dynamics design and adhesive. Besides, t h e MAPLE method, rea l ized a very small f r i n g e s i z e and a t h i n , and highly r e l i a b i l e LCD module. The MAPLE method i s now being m a s s produced. 2 . A D V A N T A G E O F C O G The COG technology, which we have named t h e MAPLE method, needs t o interconnect with I C s and a panel g l a s s , which are both hard m a t e r i a l s , and need t o be highly r e l i a b i l e . The COG technology will not be used f o r var ious purposes if w e c a n ' t in terconnect both hard mater ia l s with high r e l i a b i l i t y . Developing high r e l i a b i l i t y adhesives does not always mean t h a t t h e r e l i a b i l i t y of COG technology i s high. This s tudy has been made t o increase t h e r e l i a b i l i t y of COG technology using severa l t echnica l s k i l l s . Fig.1 shows a c r o s s sec t iona l view of t h e MAPLE method model. In t h i s f i g u r e , arrows mean cons t ruc t ive forces which are drawing toge ther and des t ruc t ive forces t h a t t e a r I C s from panel g lass . Increasing construcive force and decreasing des t ruc ive force , w e have got ten high r e l i a b i l i t y . Construct ive force c o n s i s t s of t h e following: Q breaking force of adhesive. Q sur face bonding force of adhesive. @ cured construct ion force of adhesive. Destruct ive force c o n s i s t s of t h e following: Q res idua l s t r e s s ( f o r examle: res idua l s t r e s s at bonding process on acount of t h e d i f fe rence between I C s and g lass in thermal expanson) Q stress based on u s e r ' s environment. @ looseness of adhesive with humidity and heat . In t h e next place, w e explain some of above cons t ruc t ive and des t ruc t ive f o r c e s .


This article considers a multiply type II censored sample from one parameter exponential distribution. Using a generalized non–informative prior, Bayes estimators of scale parameter and reliability function areproposed. The proposed estimators are compared with their corresponding MLEs and BLUEs on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation study of 100 samples.


Although the wrappers appear to list the contents they are occasionally inaccurate; in addition some papers that were published in two parts were explained in the wrappers but there are a few cases where they were not. With the help of a full set of wrappers, the backs of which were sometimes used to complete the text, it is possible to explain all the inconsistencies (except two, one in Vol. 11 and one in Vol. 29).


Objective
To investigate the effect of chronic stress on rat behavior changes, and specific protein neurogranin (Ng) level changes to explore the control efficiency of ginsenoside Rg1 in cognitive impairment.

Methods
Thirty-six adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group (chronic unpredictable stress animal models, CUS), and CUS-G treatment group. The chronic stress models in the later two groups were established by CUS; rats in the CUS-G treatment group were given 1100 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1; Behavior changes of rats were detected by sugar consumption test and body weight measuring. Morris water maze test was used to study the learning and memory abilities. The Ng content in the cortex and hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. The Ng expression in the cortex and hippocampus was measured by immumohistochemical staining. Morphological changes in the target areas of animal models were detected by HE staining.

Results
As compared with the control group and CUS-G treatment group, the CUS model group had significantly decreased sugar consumption and weight (P<0.05). The water maze test showed that learning and memory abilities in rats decreased significantly after chronic stress, and the escape latency in the CUS-G treatment group was reduced, which showed significant difference as compared with that in the control group and CUS model group (P<0.05). As compared with the control group, the CUS model group had significantly decreased Ng content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and average absorbance values of Ng (P<0.05), while the CUS-G treatment group had significantly increased Ng content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and average absorbance values of Ng as compared with the CUS model group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Ginsensode Rg1 (100 mg/kg) can increase the level of Ng in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus to restore the damage of cognitive ability.

Key words:
Stress reaction; Neurogranin; Ginsensode Rg1; Learning/memory


Abstract At the dawn of a new century — and millennium — the magic of numbers is especially attractive. It goes without saying that, over the past century, developments in Russian belles-lettres have been anything but normal; the role played by 'extra-literary' factors has been fundamental. Repeated catastrophes inflicted on the historical-literary sphere have considerably impoverished our understanding of the recent past, leaving us either victims of ignorance, or host to exaggerated mythmaking. Moreover, I would argue that the attraction of the new millennium, on the one hand, and the current mode of looking back to the fate of Russian literature over the entire century on the other, has resulted in a new 'blind spot' in literary criticism, namely an absence of discussion about prose writing during the past decade.


Many previous studies have focused on theoretical and experimental evaluations of the crushing of sandy soil particles under high pressure conditions. From the perspective of practical scenarios, the decreased bearing capacity caused by volume shrinkage and the reduced shear strength and stiffness caused by the crushing of sandy soil particles are important aspects. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the decrease in the shear stiffness of sandy soils subjected to various stress levels combined with high principal stresses. Author conducted crushing tests using the high-pressure true tri-axial compression apparatus under the planned stress paths. Tests on isotropic compression without deviatoric stress q and those involving combinations of the mean stress p and deviatoric stress q up to the shear failure line (SFL) on the p-q plane are employed to characterize the particle crushing of sandy soils. The results indicate that the shear stiffness of sandy soils starts to decrease due to particle crushing under a combination of low mean stress p and high deviatoric stress q. Furthermore, experimental formulas regarding the decrease in shear stiffness due to particle crushing were estimated based on the relationships among the mean stress p, deviatoric stress q and deviatoric strain εd.


We analyzed the diets of 83 Ring-necked Ducks (Aythya collaris) collected on breeding areas in Beltrami County, Minnesota. Larval Trichoptera, Odonata, and Diptera, adult Hirudinea, and seeds from three plant genera, Zizania, Nuphar, and Potamogeton, formed most of the diets of hens during the breeding season. Males differed from females in the amounts and proportions of animal taxa consumed and in their diversity. Differences between the sexes increased during the breeding season. Consumption of animals by females increased significantly between prelaying and laying periods, while consumption by males changed little. We suggest that temporal diet shifts of female Ring-necked Ducks relative to males are a result of the higher protein requirements of females during prelaying and laying periods.


Abstract 2‐(9H‐Fluoren‐9‐ylmethoxycarbonylamino)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid has been prepared in high yield from 3‐bromopyruvic acid and (aminothioxomethyl)carbamic acid 9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylmethyl ester (N‐Fmoc‐thiourea) that was obtained from potassium thiocyanate.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; formerly known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type Ill/lymphadenopathy-associated virus, HTLV-Ill/LAV), the retrovirus that infects T4-positive (helper) T cells of the immune system, has been implicated as the agent responsible for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In this paper, I contrast the growth of a "normal" virus with what I call an immune system retrovirus: a retrovirus that attacks the T4positive T cells of the immune system. I show that remarkable interactions with other infections as well as strong virus concentration dependence are general properties of immune system retroviruses. Some of the consequences of these ideas are compared with observations. The retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; formerly known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus, HTLV-III/LAV) has been implicated as the agent responsible for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This virus infects T4-positive (helper) T cells of the immune system, and possibly other cell types as well, and has shown certain peculiarities in its life cycle. In particular the simultaneous infection of HIV and other viruses (such as the virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma) is believed to greatly increase the severity of the syndrome (1). These effects may be due to a specific biochemical linkage between the integration and growth of HIV and other viruses-or could be the result of a more general interaction between HIV and any other agent that stimulates the immune system. In what follows, using simple models for virus growth and lymphocyte expansion, I contrast the growth of a "normal" virus with what I call an immune system retovirus (ISRV): a retrovirus that infects T4-positive (helper) T cells ofthe immune system. I show that remarkable interactions with other infections as well as strong virus concentration dependence are general properties of ISRV. The equations for virus growth and lymphocyte expansion are treated here approximately. A more detailed analysis will be presented elsewhere. To what extent this account of ISRV provides an accurate description of the life cycle of HIV is, of course, an experi-


ABSTRACT Based on a joint use of social exchange and social representation theories, this study examined the moderating effects of resident characteristics on the relationships between perceived gaming impacts, gaming benefits, and industry support. The findings demonstrated that the relationships changed when the resident characteristics (age, education, tourism industry dependence, and community attachment) were introduced to the structural model as moderators. The study provides a better understanding of which subgroup of people within a community are more or less disposed to certain impacts of gaming. The theoretical and practical implications were discussed.


A gas chromatography–atomic emission detector (GC–AED) system is evaluated for the simultaneous detection of fluorine- and oxygen-containing molecules. The use of hydrogen and methane gases to produce a carbon coating on the alumina plasma discharge tube is described, thereby reducing etching by the fluorine in the plasma. This significantly reduces spurious oxygen signals and gives a high degree of response selectivity against fluorinated species containing no oxygen. Information is provided on the spectroscopic nature of this plasma. Detection limits and linear response ranges when these elements are present simultaneously in this plasma are evaluated.


Objective:To analyze the use situation of antibacterial drugs to promote rational use of drugs.Methods:927 outpatient prescriptions were randomly extracted during January 2009 and analyzed in respect of antimicrobials use status.Results:Among 927 outpatient prescriptions,using antibiotics was in 283 cases,with the use rate of 30.53%.Among them,the internal medicine accounted for 21.20%,surgery 0.35%,pediatrics 59.01%,obstetrics and gynecology 3.53%,otorhinolaryngology 9.90%,stomatology 4.95% and ophthalmology 1.06% respectively.In the categories of antibiotics,penicillins accounted for 47.29%,cephalosporins 23.26%,macrolides 12.40%,aminoglycosides 1.94%,quinolones 9.30% and others 14.13%.Conclusion:The antibacterial drugs use in the outpatients departments is rational on the whole.But some questions exist,which needs to be further standardized.


In this work we develop a compact model of ferroelectric field-effect-transistors (FeFET) for memory applications, enabling their exploration at the circuit and architecture level. In contrast to Landau-Khalatnikov (L-K) based approaches, the presented model is founded on the combination of a nucleation dominated multi-domain Presiach theory of ferroelectric switching with a conventional transistor model. The model successfully reproduces the evolution of the FeFET memory window as a function of the program and erase conditions (amplitude, pulse width, and history). To calibrate the model, we fabricated 10nm thick Hf0.4Zr0.6O2 (HZO) MFM capacitors and FeFETs and characterized the polarization switching dynamics. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the switching history, minor loop trajectory, and coupled time-voltage response of the ferroelectric to quantitatively reproduce the measured FeFET characteristics.


During the last two decades or so, a number of papers have been published on the oxygen isotopic composition of the calcium carbonate in marine fossils of various ages. The main purpose of these measurements was to evaluate the growth temperature of the fossil shells, using the carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale determined experimentally by Epstein et al (1953). This method has been used extensively on both macroand micro-fossils. With regard to foraminifera, well known papers by Emiliani and co-workers led to the construction of a paleoclimatic curve, based on the isotopic study of planktonic species, which clearly indicated the sequence of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary. The climatic significance of the curve is not in doubt, although the real meaning of the isotopic measurements in terms of temperature (and not only in the case of Quaternary fossils) has been questioned by various authors (Shackleton, 1968; Olausson, 1965; Duplessy et al, 1970; Longinelli, 1966;Longinelli and Nuti, 1968).


An 80-year-old woman was evaluated with F-fluorocholine PET/CT in suspicion of a parathyroid adenoma. No focal parathyroid tracer uptake suggestive of adenoma was found, and instead a unilateral multinodular goiter without elevated F-fluorocholine uptake was diagnosed. In addition, focal uptake was found in a cutaneous nodule dorsally on the right shoulder. Upon pathological evaluation, this proved to be a malignant melanoma.


The Ca-Cu looping process combines H2 production via reforming of natural gas with inherent CO2 capture, using CaO as CO2 sorbent and a Cu/CuO chemical looping for sorbent regeneration. The process comprises three dynamic stages, conducted sequentially in a packed bed reactor. This thesis addresses the determination of the optimal duration of each stage via a real-time approach. For the purpose, GPR models, a relatively recent method employed in machine learning, are used as soft-sensors.


The Swedish government has recently introduced digital competence including programming in the Swedish K-9 curriculum starting no later than fall 2018. This means that 100 000 teachers need to learn programming and digital competence in less than a year. In this paper we report on our experience working with professional teacher training in Sweden's fifth largest city. The city has about 150 000 inhabitants and about 50 schools with about 14 000 students in primary education. The project has been carried out in close cooperation with the municipality. The work started in the fall of 2014 with a pilot study with 10 teachers in different subjects that was carried out during spring 2015. The pilot study was successful as the teachers were able to introduce activities related to programming and computational thinking in their subjects after only two half day workshops. The next step was to scale this up to include all the schools in the city. As expected, this turned out to be a larger challenge. More than 70 teachers were involved in the second part of the project. Some of the lessons learned are that it is quite easy to provide teacher training, but harder to get teachers to actually change their teaching and even more challenging to get teachers to help their colleagues introduce programming or computational thinking in their teaching. Based on our experience we draw some general conclusions and make suggestions for how to scale up the teaching of programming and computational thinking to all.


This doctoral thesis will try to identify all structural elements that form the tourist landscape of the Valley of Camprodon, primarily from the tension between tradition/modernity vectors and between the nodes/semiologic landscapes vectors. In the first example we analyse the evolution of the tourist landscape to the present day to identify all surviving elements and the factors leading to change. In the second case we study the images that shape the profile of the Valley, either isolated elements (nodes) or landscape scenes (semiologic landscapes, according to Urry). To reach this goal we conduct a critical interpretive review of all existing literature about the different looks to the tourist spaces, assessing elements including the tourist image of the destination, any part or area that make up a tourist space, and any discipline used to "capture" the spaces. The following step of the research is to analyse the graphic image of the Valley based on a selection of photographs from tourist guidebooks, public and private archives, private collections, webpages and flickr. At the same time we study the textual image evolution on guidebooks from the end of the 19th century until 2012. The possibility of havig an overall view study on tourism focused only on the Valley of Camprodon and, at the same time, establishing causality, Complementarity or opposition relations between the projected and the perceived image of the area are some of the major motivations for this Thesis


Steel catenary risers seem to be an economical solution for deepwater applications. However that solution is not always feasible and its feasibility must be verified case by case, considering both extreme loads and fatigue. The feasibility analysis of a steel catenary riser begins with some parameters pre-established but others can be varied to make that solution feasible. The top pre-tension mainly governs the mechanical behavior of a catenary riser. If it is low, there will be large curvatures at the touchdown point region, if it is high the riser will be submitted to high stresses in the top. A careful choice of the top pre-tension level can make the riser meet all the design criteria. This paper introduces a feasibility study of steel catenary risers focused on the extreme loads. This study is implemented by means of a parametric analysis where the parameter to be varied is the top pre-tension. The goal of that analysis is to obtain, in a short time, the pre-tension range for which the steel catenary riser solution is feasible. To achieve this goal simplified models, frequency domain solutions and asymptotic expressions were used. The paper presents the main hypotheses that were adopted, describes the methodology employed and presents some numerical results.


One of the challenging tasks of current engineering practice is to systemically determine the deficiencies of existing structures and then provide rational and economical solutions to these problems. A rational understanding of the performance characteristics of structures and their components is essential to efficiently accomplish this task. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance characteristics of both plain and rehabilitated unreinforced old masonry (URM) shear walls to in-plane loads. A series of full-scale shear walls were tested under harmonic deformation cycles at quasistatic loading rates. The deformation level was progressively increased in each test until there was a significant loss in the force carrying capacity of the shear wall. The walls were constructed using reclaimed solid clay bricks (units compressive strength of 28MPa [4050psi]) to represent the early twentieth century construction characteristics. Aspect ratio, height-tolength, was held constant at approximately 0.5 for each wall. Type S mortar, having cement:lime:sand ratio of 1:31⁄2:41⁄2 was used in constructing the walls. The vertical stress was maintained constant throughout each test and was set equal to 0.62Mpa [90psi] and 0.90Mpa [130psi]. Two plain (non-rehabilitated) and a rehabilitated wall were tested as part of this program. The plain wall after being tested was repaired for further testing. The center-core technique was used to rehabilitate the second wall. Performance parameters were deduced from the experiments in the context of the FEMA 273 Rehabilitation Guidelines (FEMA, 1997). The performance parameters of interest were strength, stiffness, and energy absorption and deformation capacities. This paper summarizes the preliminary results of the shear test series. The results showed that sliding as well as flexural strength of plain walls were enhanced by the center-core method. The strain history of the embedded reinforcing bars suggested that walls rehabilitated with this method can be treated as reinforced masonry walls.


Introduction - Ola Tunander PART ONE: A NEW EUROPEAN ORDER: GENERAL TENDENCIES Post-Cold War Europe - Ola Tunander A Synthesis of a Bipolar Friend-Foe Structure and a Hierarchic Cosmos-Chaos Structure? Obstinate and Obsolete - Pierre Hassner Non-Territorial Transnational Forces versus the European Territorial State Imperial Metaphors - Ole Waever Emerging European Analogies to Pre-Nation-State Imperial Systems Nation States and Empires in the Current Process of European Change - Uffe [sl]Ostergaard Europe's Relations with the Muslim World - Shireen T Hunter Emerging Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation PART TWO: RUSSIA AND THE WEST - FROM COLD WAR TO A 'COLD PEACE'? The Geopolitics of Delineating 'Russia' and 'Europe' - Iver B Neumann The Creation of the 'Other' in European and Russian Tradition Russia's Departure from Empire - Pavel K Baev Self-Assertiveness and a New Retreat Possible Scenarios for Geopolitical Shift in Russian-European Relations - Yuriy Borko PART THREE: THE BALKANS: BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE 'OTHER' The New Balance of Power in South-Eastern Europe - Christopher Cviic Notes Towards a Provisional Assessment Lasting Peace in Bosnia? Politics of Territory and Identity - Victoria Ingrid Einagel Concluding Remarks - Edward Mortimer


Competitive advantage (1985 edition) | Open LibraryValue Chain Analysis EXPLAINED with EXAMPLES | B2UThe Impact of Marketing Mix on the Competitive Advantage Competitive advantage WikipediaPorter's generic strategies Wikipedia(PDF) Management Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive A Competitive Analysis of Airline Industry: A Case Study (PDF) Resource Based View (RBV) of Competitive Advantage The science behind successful transformations | McKinseyPorter's Generic Strategies EXPLAINED with EXAMPLES | B2UCompetitive Advantage Definition, Types, & Examples The Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Porters Diamond – Determining Factors of National AdvantageWhat is Value Chain Analysis? How to Deliver Value & Gain Competitive Business Advantage | Information SystemsHOME | General GrindA Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models Four Problems Army Futures Command Needs to Solve Modern Product Realization Process | The Competitive Edge Why Workforce Diversity Is A Huge Competitive Advantage In News Central Central State UniversityThe Competitive Advantage of NationsPorter's Generic Competitive Strategies (ways of competing)Types of Competitive Advantage and AnalysisA competitive analysis of the beauty industryMichael Porter WikipediaCompetitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Strategy Programs Executive Education Harvard Business Competitive Advantage – 5 FactorsBest Practices of Private Sector Employers | U.S. Equal Chapter 5 The New Global Competitive Environment | Rising U.S. Air Force Science and Technology StrategyBUS501: Porter's Competitive Strategies | Saylor AcademyCompetition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE University at AlbanyHuawei Human Resource Management (HRM) UKEssays.com(PDF) Value Chain Analysis and Competitive Advantage3 Ways to Sustain a Competitive Advantage with a Focus Competitive Strategy: Four Types of Competitive Strategy


[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the egg production traits and broodiness of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens. [Method] Three chicken breeds,Shiqiza chickens(a breed preserved by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ,Langya chickens(a local breed in Shandong Province) and Luqin B2 chickens(a cultivated breed) were selected. Then their broodiness traits were observed and the egg productions were analyzed. Finally,the relationships between the egg production traits and broodiness were analyzed by SAS software. [Result] The Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were broody and their broodiness rate was 15.80%,2.24% and 6.95%,respectively. Compared with the non-broody chickens,the egg productions of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were respectively decreased by 17.16%,1.53% and 10.8% at the age of 43 weeks. The three breeds had significant differences in repeats of broody cycles(P 0.05) ,and extremely significant differences in the broodiness duration,the the first day of broodiness,the age at the first egg,total amount of abnormal eggs and amount of double-yolked eggs(P 0.01) . [Conclusion] The broodiness is a main factor affecting egg production traits. The degree of effects of broodiness on egg production traits is decreased successively in Shiqiza chicken,Luqin B2 chicken and Langya chicken.


In The School and Society, John Dewey relates an anecdote about his search through the school-supply stores of Chicago for furniture "thoroughly suitable from all points of view -artistic, hygienic and educational-to the needs of children." After a great deal of difficulty finding what he was looking for, Dewey finally visited one dealer "more intelligent than the rest" who admitted, "'I am afraid we have not what you want. You want something at which the children may work; these are all for listening.' " "Listening" was the behavior commonly expected of the learner, and the environment of the traditional classroom was designed to facilitate that behavior. As J. w. GETZELS notes in his contribution to this special issue of School Review, our conception of the learning process has changed since the turn of the century. The view of the learner as a passive receptacle for knowledge dispensed by the teacher has been replaced by that of an active learner who seeks out stimulation and novelty in his environment. One can seriously question whether our conception of the role of the physical environment in education has kept pace with our changing ideas about learning. The focus of this issue is the physical environment of learning, specifically the man-made or built environment. None of the authors suggests that the manner in which the built environment is structured is more important for learning than social or interpersonal variables. They do maintain, however, that educators have tended to overlook its influence on the learning process and on the people who, by choice or edict, inhabit the places we call "learning environments." The authors in this issue have not taken schools as a given, but they recognize that schools are the point from which we must start in a discussion of the relationship of the environ-


Background/Aims: Automated, volumetrically defined atrophy in the left anterior cingulate (LAC) and anterior temporal regions (LAT) on MRI can be used to distinguish most patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from controls. FTD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) can differ in the degree of anterior temporal atrophy. We explored whether clinicians can visually detect this atrophy pattern and whether they can use it to classify the 2 groups of dementia patients with the same accuracy. Methods: Four neurologists rated atrophy in the LAC and LAT regions on MRI slices from 21 FTD, 21 controls, and 14 AD participants. Inter-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. Results: All 4 raters agreed on the presence of clinically significant atrophy, and their atrophy scoring correlated with the volumes, but without translation into high inter-rater diagnostic agreement. Conclusions: Volumetric analyses are difficult to translate into routine clinical practice.


Parametric technology based on feature was studied to create and control parametric modeling of internal combustion engine components. The structuer definition and parameters transferring and controlling method were defined according to top-down design technology. Under Pro/ENGINEER, the fast parametric design of complete assembly for v-type engines, was achieved.


. 2014 We study with biaxial creep tests the behaviour of aluminium (99.5 % weight) for the stationary flow, for T = 355 °C. We confirm :


If subject types of a still image material and a panoramic image are different, for example if the subject type of the still image material is animal and the subject type of the panoramic image is landscape, a layout determination unit determines a representative position in the point image as a position for placing the still image material. If a point image is of the same subject type, the layout determination unit determines, as the position for placing the still image material, a position outside the area of the panoramic image near the representative position in the point image. Thus, if there are a plurality of still image materials shot with different zoom factors and corresponding to the same point image, the layout determination unit can determine the layout of the still image materials according to the zoom factor for each still image material.


The purpose of this Community Service in Palasari Village, Ujung Jaya District, Sumedang Regency is the implementation of a web-based accounting information system. The assistance of the Palasari village community uses two schemes in the implementation of the accounting information system, namely the first scheme for general WEB introduction and the second scheme for WEB maintenance. The methodology uses a descriptive approach, surveys, interviews, and implementation of a web-based accounting information system using a content management system. The assistance of the Palasari village community in the implementation of a web-based accounting information system was carried out by video conferencing using zoom media. Based on the results of the questionnaire, community service was considered quite good and village officials needed continuous training.


Discussed modularizing design method of control board with diesel generating set according to ideal of "generatization,seriation and modularization",and introduced relative controlling modularization of each controlling function.


Cybersecurity is a key risk for any business as the number of attacks are increasing. Growing attacks on cybersecurity are threatening our existence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can help detect threats and provide recommendations to cyber analysts. Advancing the adoption of AI/ML applied to cybersecurity requires partnering of industry, academia, and government on a global scale.


Environmentalism has fast emerged as a worldwide phenomenon. Marketing organizations too have risen to the occasion and have started responding to environmental challenges by practicing green marketing strategies. The awareness of Green marketing is increased among the Indian consumers. The present research work indicates that the key to raise green purchasing intention among the general public lies on four factors, which are Attitudes toward the Environment, Social Influence, Health Consciousness and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness. The results of the study it is indicated that green product attributes quality, durability and variety strongly influence the consumers' understanding and behavior towards environmental friendly features of green products.


Experts both at home and abroad give advices and suggestions for Beijing after its announcement of constructing a world city.Synthetically considering the aspects such as the stratum income gap,housing prices,economic strength of the government and demand for further urbanization in Beijing,this article proposes that a stable social environment is the basis for the aim of building a world city of Beijing and reinforcing the construction and management of housing security system focusing on people's well-being is a necessity.The article puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and the basic ideas include: demand.classification.distribution.circulation.withdrawing from integration;land.capital diversified sources and specialized functions;laws.regulations.policies.integration of monitoring and controlling.These three aspects should be carried out as an integral one.


This is a special issue of Critical African Studies, entitled 'Urban archives and Walter Benjamin's The Arcades Project'. It is followed by an individual article, authored by Julia Viebach. The special issue, guest edited by Noëleen Murray and Jill Weintroub, emerged through their involvement in the scholarly meeting Secret Affinities, a workshop in critical reading and an interrogation of the city in Africa via Walter Benjamin's Das Passagen-Werk. The collection of essays presented in this volume is one of the outcomes of the workshop, which took place in Johannesburg in 2017. As Walter Benjamin turned his attention to the Paris of the nineteenth century, and to the space of Naples in the 1920s, to begin gathering lingering traces that would contribute to his 'other' history, so workshop participants sought to examine architectures, urbanisms and heritage spaces across the city and beyond. This special issue extends the concerns of the workshop, invoking creative modes of research and innovative and experimental forms of writing to construct alternative forms of archiving the urban and the social. Viebach's article draws on a four-year study of Rwandan survivors' meaning-making practices. In the paper, she argues that caretaking is critical to understanding genocide memorials. Every day, voluntary practices of care at the memorials, including the cleaning and preserving of human remains, work both to rebuild the self of the caretaker, and to maintain relationships with those who died. These 'deathscapes' are important spaces that fulfil multiple and diverse aims, both personal and political.


The basic concepts of nonlinear factor analysis are introduced and some extensions of the general theory are developed. An elementary account of the class of multiple-factor polynomial models is presented, using more elementary algebraic methods than have been employed in earlier accounts of this theory. Working formulas are developed for the multiple-factor polynomial model without product terms.Some empirical results are presented.


In a given statistical framework let T be the class of all estimates that are the uniformly minimum variance estimates of their respective expected values. Let T b denote the class of bounded estimates in T. The main conclusions of the paper may then be outlined as follows, (i) There exists a statistic such that T b is the class of all bounded functions of this statistic; moreover, every real valued function of this statistic is in T. It follows, in particular, that if t is in T b and u is a real valued function of t, then u is in T, (ii) T contains an unbiased estimate of every estimable parameter if and only if the framework admits a complete sufficient statistic. In this ease, as is well known, T is the class of all real valued functions of the complete sufficient statistic. Conclusion (ii) can also be stated as follows. Suppose that in the given framework the maximum possible reduction of the sample space by means of sufficient statistics has already been carried out. Then either each estimable parameter has a unique unbiased estimate, or there exist estimable parameters that do not admit unbiased estimates of uniformly minimum variance. A more precise statement and discussion of the above conclusions is deferred to later sections. The conclusions are established under the mild restriction that the sample space is, or may be taken to be, a subset of the m dimensional Cartesian space (1 ≤ m ≤ ∞), and that the alternative distributions of the sample point admit density functions with respect to a fixed σ-finite measure. It is shown by an example that the restriction to bounded estimates is essential to conclusion (i).


The tribological behavior of various reinforcement materials filled Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were studied and compared. A comparative study of different PTFE composites is showing how properties of PTFE can be improved in tribological aspects. It was observed that wear rate of PTFE composites decreased when concentration of filler materials increased to certain limits; however, it leads to softness of the PTFE composites. It was also observed that decrease in wear rate is due to the presence of transfer film at rubbing surfaces. The aim of the present paper is to focus on the work done in the area of PTFE composites and also the impact analysis of filler materials on tribological performance of PTFE composites.


Prof. Nathan Marcuvitz was one of the pioneers in the area of modern microwave theory, and his seminal contributions laid the groundwork for much of what we today know as modern microwave theory. One important area of microwave theory that he introduced is the area of leaky waves. Although this subject appeared rather puzzling at first, it is now recognized as an essential part of microwave theory. This presentation will overview the role of leaky waves in microwave theory and other fields, highlighting historical developments along the way.


Document preparation can be typically regarded as one of human beings' intelligent activities. Creative and logical abilities, derived personally from explicit motivations, rich knowledge, useful experiences, etc., take up important roles to make well-structured and story-oriented documents understandable and readable. Thus, it is not always easy for beginners to compose documents such as reports, papers and articles successfully and effectively. In this paper, we address a computer-supported environment to compose documents logically: namely, we propose a framework for composing logically organised documents. The main idea is to formulate the composition process as the working procedure of a query list and logic tree. The query list defines what should be discussed in the document, while the logic tree specifies how to write the topics/sub-topics. This paper discusses these roles in the composition process and then reports the manipulation interface on the prototype system.


The psychology of warfare culture formed between the 20th to 30th years of the 20th century was a precipitate of social psychology . It was an inevitable outcome of the development of China's history. During that period, the concept and idea of warfare occupied a dominant position in cultural psychology. As a result, warfare features surpassed all the other features of cultural psychology, and became a kind of general social psychology. The formation was the product of combination between internal and external reasons. The opposition of duality expresed in the creation of characters and in the orientation of the implied purposes reflected in the language, structure, and selection of materials in the satirical novels of Sha Ting and Zhang Tianyi all reveal the two authors' judgement of the value of warfares.


SEVERAL reports have already been published concerning the laboratory and clinical investigations on the efficacy of streptomycin in various infections carried out in Army hospitals under the auspices of the Surgeon General during the past eighteen months.1 2 3 4 5 The purpose of the present communication is to enlarge on and bring up to date experience with treated infections of intestinal origin. The Army series is compared with the cumulative experience in these infections as recently reported by the Committee on Therapeutics and Other Agents of the National Research Council.6 Brucellosis The most recent report of the Committee revealed that, as of September, . . .


Since the dramatic increase in individual mobility as well as on-road transport capacity began in the middle of the 20th century, a considerable share of the manmade emissions has been caused by cars and trucks. While the emissions of otto engines could significantly be lowered by three-way catalytic converters, most diesel engines still run without an exhaust gas cleaning system. As a consequence, their particle and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission contributes considerably to the environmental pollution. Forthcoming emission legislation will drastically lower the caps for pollutants. Thus, large efforts are underway to achieve a decrease in the emission of regulated components to levels that lie in the required ranges. Retuning the engine in order to reduce particles and removing NOx from the exhaust gas by a DeNOx system such as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system could well be a suitable way to go. Selective catalytic reduction systems are well known for stationary applications and have a proven record of removing NOx from lean exhaust gases. The transfer of this technology to mobile applications, however, still poses certain problems. Available space is limited, the system may not be heavy, and it has to be reliable and easy to maintain. Additionally, the operation mode by definition is dynamic. The goal of this research was to find a way to design efficient control algorithms for given SCR converter systems. They have to allow a maximum NOx reduction while respecting the constraint of a limited mean ammonia slip. Preliminary studies are carried out on a dynamometer with a 6.6-liter diesel engine working at a fixed engine speed. The catalytic converter system consists of an oxidation catalytic converter, a device for the injection of urea solution, and a coated cordierite-type SCR catalytic converter. The converter volumes are 1.9 liter and 9.9 liter, respectively.


him, towards the valley and the river. I was about to say something when she finally said, "I say all right." Well, Mr. Van Fleet's face cracked into the biggest smile I'd ever seen on anybody and he made a funny little sound like hah, and came bounding up the stairs like he was going to grab Momma and the chair she was sitting in. I stood up real fast. "My momma has given you the wrong impression," I said, putting myself between him and Momma. "We have decided not to sell Widow's Mite. In fact, we have decided not to sell any more quilts at all." He craned around me trying to see Momma and saying "Molly, will you—Molly, wha— Molly?" "You are welcome to come and visit us anytime you're in these parts, but don't be asking for more quilts." Mr. Van Fleet kept on spluttering away, saying things about having come to a decision, about being reasonable, and such like. And Momma the whole time wasn't saying nothing. Finally I heard her stand up. She put her hand on my shoulder and sort of turned me around. She stood there staring at me in the twilight, her face poked up right next to mine. "Molly, let's try to keep this between you and me," Mr. Van Fleet said. One thing's for sure, he wasn't too happy by this time. He even tugged at her sleeve a little, like a whiny little boy might do. But Momma paid him no heed, just kept looking at me until at last she smiled like I hadn't seen her smile in a long time. Mr. Van Fleet saw it too, and backed down the stairs a little bit. He stopped talking too. "Mr. Van Fleet," Momma said, drawing herself up, "my daughter is right. I am sorry I misled you. Old women sometimes do foolish things." She set back down in her chair and stared out above his head again. "You drive safely tomorrow. You've got a long trip ahead of you." He kept going but, but, but, but, sounding like a little motorboat, and flapping his hands around in the air. I felt sorry for him, I did. It seemed like he was more than just a long way from home. He finally walked on down the stairs and out to his car. He slammed the door so hard it left a little echo in the air. I have to admire him for waiting to get good and angry. Momma and me went on rocking. The evening star was up in the west, and the katydids were setting up their racket all around us. If Momma'd said anything she'd a had to a shouted almost to have herself heard. So she set there not saying a word, because there's times, it seems to me, when it's best to just set. Billy Walkingstick would agree. He hisself says sometimes he sets and thinks, and sometimes he just sets. And so we just set. A couple of old women looking out at the darkness and listening to the summer sounds, and grateful for a big old house with a good view.


Introduction Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful single-molecule detection technique used by physicists, chemists, and biologists to characterise the dynamics and interactions of fluorescent species by recording and correlating their fluctuations in fluorescence intensity within a microscopic detection volume. The spontaneous intensity fluctuations arise from the diffusion (Brownian motion, active transport...) of a few molecules in and out of a restricted sub-micron observation volume defined by a focused laser beam in the sample (~1 fL=10 L), as well as from any other processes (chemical reactions, photodynamic process, and conformation change) which convert the optical species between states with different emission properties. FCS can provide dynamic information of simultaneous processes occurring on different time scales (from nanosecond to microsecond). In a typical FCS measurement, fluorescence intensity is recorded for a small number of molecules in a specified volume over a time range (generally between 20-60s), and the fluorescence intensity is then analysed in terms of its temporal autocorrelation function G(τ) defined by


The invention relates to a dust collector part, in particular to a sealing structure of fan impeller blades for a dust collector. The sealing structure comprises an upper impeller blade, a lower impeller blade and multiple middle impeller blades, wherein the upper impeller blade has an air outlet in the center; the multiple middle impeller blades are arranged between the upper impeller blade and the lower impeller blade, and are spirally arranged with the air outlet of the upper impeller blade as center; the middle impeller blades are arc sheets, and comprise upper connecting parts and lower connecting parts; the upper connecting parts of the middle impeller blades have first inclined surfaces; the lower connecting parts of the middle impeller blades have second inclined surfaces; the upper impeller blade has a first inclined groove for accommodating the upper connecting parts; the lower impeller blade has a second inclined groove for accommodating the lower connecting parts; and the surfaces of the first inclined groove and the second inclined groove are both provided with layers of sealants. The sealing structure achieves an excellent sealing effect, increases the flow of suction air and the vacuum degree, enhances an air sucking effect of movable impellers, and improves the whole working efficiency of a fan.


Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is a promising coding technique that enables flexible video transmission to support heterogeneous devices. However, the current best-effort delivery model characterized by the Internet cannot fully exploit the scalability feature of SVC because the network nodes are transparent for multimedia streaming applications. Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as an innovative network paradigm that decouples the control and forwarding planes while routing. This architecture with the OpenFlow protocol enables network operators to obtain per-flow QoS control in a more scalable, flexible, and finely granular manner compared to the conventional network architecture. Inspired by these facts, this paper designs a comprehensive QoS-aware multicast scheme for scalable video streaming over SDN networks. First, we present the designed multimedia streaming multicast system architecture and formulate the QoS-aware multicast routing problem as a non-linear programming model. We then propose a fundamental tree construction algorithm that decomposes the video streaming requests into subrequests and serves them in a bottom-up manner. Furthermore, we design a layer switching strategy based on the video distortion model to mitigate network-induced video quality distortion. Finally, the experimental results are presented to validate the performance of our methods in terms of scalability, network utility, video playout quality, and playback interruption ratio.


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There are four main ideas in order to conceptualise the notion of representation. Firstly, within the domain of mathematics, representation may be regarded as internalabstraction of mathematical ideas or cognitive schemata that are constructed by the learner (Pape & Tchoshanov, 2001) . Secondly, representation can be explicated as mental reproduction of a former mental sate. Thirdly a structurally equivalent presentation through pictures, symbols and signs (seeger, cited in Pape & Tchoshanov, 2001) also resembles to the concept of representation. Lastly, it is also known as something in place of something.


Abstract Controlled impact may be done if the source of additional force is placed on one of the impact bodies and this force is acted during the impact time. The usage of produced in Bulgaria "Industrial Rocket Engine" (IRE) makes it possible to realize the "controlled impact" technology. A laboratory device has been created in order to investigate the "controlled impact". On this devise using "controlled impact" conditions, are conducted experiments for plastic deformation of lead specimens and briquetting of cooper, aluminum alloy, brass, grey cost iron, steel and Armco iron chips. It is determined an extension of the deformation degree in comparison with "free impact" deformation and decreasing of the rebound to zero (sticking impact). In briquetting by using "controlled impact" it is observed density increase of 15% to 30% to hydraulic press briquetting comparison. The obtained results make clear that the usage of IRE propelled production machines for plastic deformation and briquetting technologies improve those processes and decrease the production drain.


This research work was conducted in order to know the reality of the pedagogical practices in the second year of basic General education in the process of learning, reading and writing in the "Centro Educativo Ives Jaques Cousteau", located in Conocoto, in the city of Quito.
To demonstrate the preparation of pedagogical practices in this process, we applied research, as instruments, like: tab viewing, daily field and the interview, through which is could receive, record, and process through the respective analysis the procedures used for the planning, methodological structure used in class, organization of the work of the subject, assessment instruments, relationship teacher / student and academic tasks.
Also are summarized the pedagogic currents that sustain these practices, the development of the six-year-old children, the different methodologies used in this process, the interrelationships between the different actors of the education, analyzed the relationship between planning and pedagogical practices.
An important landmark of noted is that to sorrow that the teacher does not use the planning as support of his pedagogic practices; but only the book guides of the teacher, does not even design the necessary didactic material, there is a good response to his arduous and persistent teaching, as she managed to set clear rules and explicit in order to maintain discipline, an acceptable academic performance and a harmonious coexistence with the students, parents, work colleagues and authorities.


The experiment on "Isolation and disease scoring of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing anthracnose disease in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)" was carried out by planting Forty frenchbean accessions. Two resistance genotypes viz., D-line, L-line and two susceptible varieties viz., Kanchana and Jwala were used for evaluation. Thirty days plants were inoculated with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum spore culture and disease scoring was done using 0-9 scale, 15 days after inoculation, genotypes were rated as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible based on disease severity. The genotypes EC500474, IC328848, EC530819, EC530886, EC500641, IC319370 and EC398483 showed highly resistance for the C. lindemuthianum pathogen under field conditions, along with the confirmed resistant lines D-line and L-line. The genotypes EC115962, EC540876, EC531078 and IC318852 showed high susceptibility for the pathogen along with the susceptible checks Kanchana and Jwala.


In Roald Dahl's children's classic James and the Giant Peach a magically enlarged fruit travels across the Atlantic Ocean, partly floated on the water and partly airlifted by a flock of seagulls. Through examining the buoyancy and modelling the seagulls as aerofoils it has been found that although the initial part of the journey is possible, given a sufficiently hollow peach, James would have to tether approximately two and a half million Common Gulls, rather than the 501 as described in the book.


Although we pursued comprehensiveness in listing potential biases in our paper (1), Martin and Osmond (2) correctly noted an additional form of bias caused by the difficulty to accurately pinpoint the moment of infection. Although this may be a problem, recent observations in our cohort suggest a relatively short window-period. Among seroconverters with transient human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) viremia before or at seroconversion, the period between detection of virus and detection of antibodies was short and was only rarely longer than 3 months (J. Goudsmit, University of Amsterdam, unpublished manuscript). Therefore, the extent to which sexual practices are measured after the actual moment of infection will probably be limited. Some bias cannot be excluded, but it is not likely that this leads to important spurious associations. Although inaccurate reporting of behavior might still influence our results (as is the case in any study design), our study is more sensitive in estimating an association with specific sexual behavior compared with previous studies, as we included a large number of incident cases and as most other studies were cross-sectional. Although we identified orogenital sex as the most important risk factor for HHV8 seroconversion, which was previously unrecognized, transmission by other routes cannot be ruled out. It was suggested that controlling for human immunodeficiency virus (HTV) might attenuate the potential risk for anogenital receptive sex. However, whether or not HTV was included in the multivariate model, the estimated risk for anogenital receptive sex (corrected for all other sexual techniques) was far from statistical significance. Still, assuming that transmission by anogenital and/or oroanal sex is possible, statistical significance may not be reached when transmission efficacy of these techniques is very low, as suggested by Martin and Osmond. Although we agree with their statement that because of such universal practices as kissing and penile-oral intercourse saliva may transmit inefficiently, the transmission efficacy of receptive anogenital or insertive oroanal sex may even be lower as less or no virus is detected in semen and feces, respectively (3). Since the start of the HTV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, prevention campaigns for homosexual men have focused on anogenital sex. As a result, homosexual men reduced their number of partners and the frequency of unprotected anogenital contacts, and the HTV incidence declined strongly. However, these prevention campaigns appeared to have had less impact on sexual practices other than anogenital receptive sex as, for example, in our cohort the frequency of unprotected orogenital contact has remained constantly high over the years. Sexual practices other than anogenital receptive sex can be of significant importance in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, as is well known for hepatitis A and B, for example, and as we have now suggested for HHV8. Therefore, we fully agree with Martin and Osmond that the prevention message for homosexual men should not be targeted toward the risk of a specific sexual technique but toward safe sex in general, including safe oral sex.


The article is devoted to the problem of modern postgraduate teachers education antropologization. The study is carried out in line with developments of humanitarian anthropopractices aimed at the identification and realization of human potential. 'Project-network Institute of innovative education' (a pedagogical project), which have received the status of Federal innovation platform by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, is proposed as a general method of humanitarian anthropopractice construction in conditions of teachers postgraduate education and working out new norms of innovative development of educational organizations. Methodological basis of project-network model for teachers' postgraduate education presented in the paper includes the ideas of the humanitarian and anthropological practice of V.I. Slobodchikov's school, the theory of integrational periodization of the development of subject reality, and new views on the activity as the anthropological category. Technology of design and description of this model is disclosed in four 'zones' of open interaction of postgraduate education: problematic (information-analytical) area, the conceptual area in which goals are set, area of goals implementation (i.e. content-technological area), and the resulting area. The article also presents technology of implementation of project-network model for teachers' postgraduate education based on the strategic principles of project activity cooperation, creation of special network structures project-network nodes, which unite together educational organizations on the basis of horizontal relations for the effective transfer and acquirement of network educational knowledge and mechanism of project-network management. Conceptual ideas of postgraduate teachers education antropologization, disclosed in the article, are the basis for the open and constructive dialogue building, where the unique network potential of innovative activity and innovative postgraduate teachers education as the set of educational anthropopractices of 'growing human in man' are born and developed


Taking the Tarim River Basin Self-management Irrigation and Drainage District as an example,this paper analyzes the participatory irrigation management implementation mechanism and the main problems to be resolved in the course of its development.Results show that based on the irrigation management transfer and the new water rights relationship,in participatory irrigation management,two types of implementation mechanism,profit-oriented contract relationship and self-management mechanism are formed among the irrigation management participants.These implementation mechanisms promote irrigation effects positively and have some problems in practice.These problems affect the function of the implementation mechanisms and the development of participatory irrigation management.Improving the water pricing system,constructing the interest mechanism between the farmers' interests and irrigation management performance,enhancing self-management awareness and famers' capability would help to solve the problems.


The development of cultural tourism is an innovative activity carried out by the community in anticipation of the deterioration of tourism in Bali. The community empowerment model which is oriented to the concept of socio-cultural ergonomics combined with Tri Hita Karana's as a local wisdom is believed to be able to support the development of cultural tourism while at the same time able to nourish the community. The research objective is to find out the successful implementation of Tri Hita Karana program with the Socio-Cultural Ergonomic oriented which is realized in regular Kecak dance performances in overcoming the health conditions and healthy living habits of the people. This quasi-experimental study with treatment by subject design involved 32 subjects and selected by simple randomly. The data obtained were analyzed by paired t test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a significant increase in: (a) public awareness of their health conditions by 31.09%, (b) clean and healthy living behavior by 27.39, and (c) public awareness of the development of cultural tourism by 21.65% (p<0.05). The conclusion is that the implementation of Tri Hita Karana with socio-cultural ergonomic oriented in the performance of kecak dance, which can improve public health and support cultural tourism.


A expands the area of the semiconductor chip can be converted pitch, the semiconductor device is provided. A The semiconductor device includes at least a chip having one conductive contact on the first side of; disposed on a surface and the first side of the expansion layer; extension layer extending laterally from one or more sides of the chip , rewiring layer coupled to said contacts; the first surface of the interposer, at least one electrically conductive contacts coupled to the redistribution layer, the at least one conductive said the first surface opposite the second surface at least in part on the chip and surrounding the rewiring layer, the molding material in contact with the interposer; interposer comprising a contact comprises a. Another semiconductor device, an interposer; redistribution layer on the interposer; circuit comprising a first circuit portion and the second circuit portion; has, the redistribution layer including said first circuit section the interposer comprises said second circuit section. .FIELD 1A


The burglarproof tracing function is one of the important security techniques of the cell phone,that is,sending special text massages secretly at the backstage of the system from the illegal subscriber's number to the safe number which is prepared by the legal subscriber,which is to be realized by designing the plug_ins of the Java program MediaViewerApplet which can run in the Motorola P2K platform phone.MediaViewerApplet activates the burglarproof alarm function,when the cell-phone is turned on,through the running of the burglarproof tracing plug_ins to test the legality of the SIM card.


The doubly-refractive properties of a weak solution of benzopurpurin were used in a study of the onset of turbulence when the liquid flowed through a long horizontal glass pipe. A beam of polarized light was arranged to traverse a diameter of the pipe remote from the ends, the nicols being set to give extinction when the liquid was stationary. The emergent light fell on a photo-cell, which was connected through an amplifier to a cathode-ray tube. With unidirectional flow, photographs of the trace on the screen showed a steady straight line when the velocity was small. Disturbances appeared at a Reynolds number R of about 1970, and complete turbulence was established when R attained a value of 2900. With forced oscillating flow, the trace at low velocities was a sinusoidal curve, on which, at a critical Reynolds number, small superposed ripples were observed. Even when the motion was greatly increased the intricate traces recurred perfectly, but this phase finally broke up into complete turbulence as soon as the amplitude of the surface movement in the bottles at the ends of the pipe reached a certain limit.


The excess molar volumes (II') for binary liquid mixtures of II-al koxyethanol + 2-pyrrolidi none or N-methyl-2pyrrolidinone have been measured with a continuous dilution dilatometer at 298. 15 K and atmospheric pressure as a functi on of composition. The alkoxyethanols are 2-methoxyethanol (CH,OCH2CH20 H), 2-ethoxyeth anol (C2H)OCH2CH20 H), and 2-butoxyeth anol (C4H90 CH2CH20 H). In a ll mi xtures the excess molar volumes are negati ve across the entire composition range. In each case the excess molar volumes decrease as the alk yl chain length of the alkoxyethanol increases while it increases, from 2-pyrrolidinone to N-methyl-2-pyrrolid inone. The results have been used to estimate the excess partial molar volumes ~E of the components. The change of II' and ~E wi th compos iti on and the number of alkyl chain-length in the alkoxyethanol molecule is di scussed with a view to understand some of the molec ul ar interacti ons present in alkoxye thanol-cyc li c amide mi xtures.


Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that may cause illness in humans as well as animals. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about more than (13,378,853) confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, detected all over the world till 16 July 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared nCoV-19 is the sixth international worry of public health emergency on 30 January 2020. The two categories of bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45 are the main source of SARS-CoV-2 and are responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is spread by human to human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection had been estimated to have a mean incubation period of 14 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.25 – 3.68. Throughout the world COVID-19 has affected more than 13,378,853persons and 5, 80,045 confirmed death around the world till 16 July 2020. It has been observed that this is the first time this kind of virus, COVID-19, coronavirus has been labeled a pandemic, "but at the same time, it is being believed that it will be able to be contained or controlled if adopted proper measures. Patients with pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2, fever was the most common symptom, followed by a cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. Information about this virus is rapidly rising; it is the need of the time to remain updated. In this article, we present an overview of the present important information on the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and management of this novel COVID-19 coronavirus. This review article also aimed to present the concept of epidemic and pandemic phases according to WHO in a defined manner. Anil K. Yadav, Pranay Wal, Priyanka Verma, Shivam Sharma Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PSIT), Kanpur, 20930, India Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India Submission: 25 August 2020 Accepted: 31 August 2020 Published: 30 September 2020 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Anil K. Yadav et al. Ijppr.Human, 2020; Vol. 19 (2): 646-667. 647


Abstract The ac conductivity of cuprate glasses based on the unconventional network former PbO is reported in the frequency range 102–105 Hz and in the temperature range 80–450 K. Analysis of the conductivity data has been made in the light of different existing theoretical models. It is observed that, among them, the correlated barrier hopping model can best explain the conductivity and frequency exponent data. The values of the different parameters obtained from this model are reasonable. The high values of the dielectric constant observed in this system are attributed to the high polarizabih'ty of the unconventional network former PbO.


In this paper, the short-circuit performance of a conventional 3.3-kV clustered insulated gate bipolar transistor (CIGBT) in field-stop (FS) technology is evaluated through extensive 2-D numerical simulations. For comparison, an equivalent 3.3-kV FS IGBT is considered. The conventional CIGBT shows superior performance of lower on-state voltage drop and saturation current densities in comparison to an equivalent IGBT. Further improvements to the CIGBT performance can be obtained without sacrificing on-state voltage drop by using a PMOS trench gate. The charge balance and electric field distribution with the varying n-buffer thickness at short-circuit condition are analyzed in detail.