SUMMARY Inter-channel correlation is one of the redundancy which need to be eliminated in video coding. In the latest video coding standard H.266 / VVC, the DM (Direct Mode) and CCLM (Cross-component Linear Model) modes have been introduced to reduce the similarity between luminance and chroma. However, inter-channel correlation is still observed. In this paper, a new inter-channel prediction algorithm is proposed, which utilizes coloring principle to predict chroma pixels. From the coloring per- spective, for most natural content video frames, the three components Y, U and V always demonstrate similar coloring pattern. Therefore, the U and V components can be predicted using the coloring pattern of the Y component. In the proposed algorithm, correlation coe ffi cients are obtained in a lightweight way to describe the coloring relationship between current pixel and reference pixel in Y component, and used to predict chroma pix- els. The optimal position for the reference samples is also designed. Base on the selected position of the reference samples, two new chroma pre- diction modes are defined. Experiment results show that, compared with VTM 12.1, the proposed algorithm has an average of − 0.92% and − 0.96% BD-rate improvement for U and V components, for All Intra (AI) configu-rations. At the same time, the increased encoding time and decoding time can be ignored.


This paper introduced several kinds of protection or restoration mechanism that can be used in the MSTP, including SDH APS, protection in VC, 2-level restoration in Ethernet, auto-protection in RPR, protection and restoration for MPLS, and analyzed the advantages and shortages of these techniques.


Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a subclass of the Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, which do not rely on a preexisting infrastructure, in which each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. The main purpose of VANET is to provide road traffic safety for the drivers in addition to make a comfortable driving environment. Although the big challenge in VANET in contract to MANET is to design a routing protocols more suitable to route packets efficiently to their final destination, in spite of the high speed of vehicles, frequent disconnection and the highly changeable topology. In this paper we discussed, the details of conventional routing protocols designed for VANETs, their advantages and weaknesses and also highlights the open issues that remain to be addressed.


Within the professional field, design understanding is very dynamic, always expanding itself and very often permeated by a series of misconceptions, mostly referring to its relation to Brazilian social dynamics. To common sense, it is socially widespread in Brazil a design conception almost exclusively associated with aesthetic interventions and artistic practice. Therefore, so unlike the Anglo-Saxon origin of the activity since the 17th century1 which gives it a much broader bias by proposing design as projective action associated with all fields of human activity. Thus, in Brazil, the prospect of widening these universe of relations with the whole of the society remains restricted.


Despite the evolution of renaissance that led to the processes referred to as 'liberalisation', 'consumer lifestyle' and 'gross materialism', mankind still faces a kind of dichotomy. Humanity is yet to embark upon the search for inner peace, truth, freedom, and way of life. In this paper, we will try to study one of the important topics of the modern age i.e. the relation between religion and freedom. We will endeavour to seek a way and a method to acquire knowledge of the true spirit of religion. We will also tackle tangible methodologies to recognise the 'true spirit of religion', the definition of freedom and the approach that will lead one to know the splendid reality of 'true freedom'. Consider the following questions: how does the world view freedom? Are there any misconceptions regarding the essence of 'true freedom'? We will attempt to analyse such polemical issues that relate to the topic under discussion, and to seek an understanding that would nurture the innate nature of human beings.


Hydrothermal reaction was employed to synthesize Ni(OH)2 nano-material.The structure and macrograph of the sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Bruauer-Enn-Teller(BET) test. The results indicated that the sample was nano-sized β-Ni(OH)2 with diameter about 50~80nm. The electrochemical performance of the β-Ni(OH)2 was investigated by means of the experiment of galvanostatic charge-discharge property and Cyclic Voltammetry. The results indicated that the highest discharge specific capacity of 191mAh/g at a constant current density of 0.2C was obtained for the sample.


The human genome offers an attractive starting point for diabetes biomarker discovery.
 We have undertaken a survey of the Genetic Association Database (GAD) to develop a
 comprehensive genetic profiling of the type 1 and type 2 diabetes phenotypes. Using
 text mining, the GAD was explored for diabetes-associated genetic polymorphisms
 and a working database for type 1 and type 2 diabetes was established. In addition
 to well-characterized genes, 57 novel, uncharacterized Open Reading Frames (ORFs)
 encompassed in the dark matter of the human proteome were identified. Diverse
 bioinformatics and proteomics tools were used to characterize these ORFs for gene
 expression, protein motifs and domain information. Distinct protein classes including
 secreted products, enzymes, transporters, and receptors were encoded by these
 ORFs. Using expression Quantitative Traits Loci, Clinical Variations and the Genome-
 Phenome Integrator tools, 50 novel ORFs associated with phenotypes for both type
 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified. These results open up new avenues for better
 understanding type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may provide novel therapy targets for
 type 2 diabetes and associated disorders.


The gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of monoallylic diols is an efficient method for the formation of tetrahydropyrans from readily available, easily prepared substrates. The reaction has been shown to be general and high yielding with low catalyst loadings. Several new synthetically useful substrates and efficient methods for both their preparation and cyclization are reported.


Introduction. Distraction osteogenesis has long been a mainstay for treating complex orthopaedic problems such as correcting bone loss or angular deformities. One problem encountered with distraction osteogenesis is the development of contractures. Questions have arisen as to why these contractures develop, whether from inability of stretched muscle to grow or from proliferation of the surrounding connective tissue during lengthening. To date, little is known about the effects of stretch on the regulation of collagen gene expression in skeletal muscle. Hence, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the distraction of muscles upregulates the mRNA levels for collagen I and III (the most common forms in skeletal muscle). A second hypothesis tested in this study was these changes are effected by changes in mRNA levels of 4 specific regulatory pathways: the TGF beta mediated pathway, a MAP kinase pathway, a postulated integrin pathway and one induced by Egr-1. Materials and Methods. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups: i) control (CON n=14); ii) 4 day frame control (FC4, n=8); iii) 8 day frame control (FC8, n=8); iv) 4 day distraction (D4 , n=8); v) 8 day distraction (D8, n=8); External fixators were placed on the left leg of animals in each of the groups with the exception of the CON group. Osteotomies were performed once the fixators were in place. The external fixators of the animals in the D4 and D8 groups were then distracted at a rate of 0.5 mm/day. The FC groups did not undergo distraction. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the distraction period. Left soleus muscles were isolated, removed, weighed and clamp frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted and then pooled such that each pool consisted of total RNA from 2 soleus muscles, then processed as recommended by Affymetrix, Inc.. Biotin labeled cRNA was hybridized to high density oligonucleotide microarrays, Rat U34A Genechips (Affymetrix). The GeneChip was read on a Hewlett Packard Genearray Scanner. The numbers of gene chips used in this st udy were: CON n=7, FC4 n=3, FC8 n=3, D4 n=4, D8 n=4. The DChip program was used to analyze the data and perform the following functions: i) normalize the data; ii) Model Based Expression Indexing; and iii) statistical comparisons via a student T test. Differential gene expression was defined by a P-value < 0.01 and change greater than 1.2 fold. The data were imported into GeneSpring to visualize the data and to perform pathway/map analyses specific to genes involved with collagen synthesis. Results. Figure 1 illustrates the effect of distraction on some of the key pathways associated with the synthesis of collagen. For the purposes of clarity, only the data FC 8 and D8 are presented. In this figure, there are three pathways that potentially regulate collagen synthesis: i) the TGF beta pathway; ii) an integrin mediated pathway; iii) a growth factor/protein kinase C mediated pathway; and iv) Egr-1 which has been implicated in collagen sythesis. Results of the study showed that the mRNA for collagens 1a1, 3a1, and 5a1 were downregulated in the FC 8 group (22%, 31% and 81% at 8 days), and upregulated during distraction (183%, 201% and 144% at 8 days). Figure 2 shows that there was a consistent pattern across the board for the different probesets for collagen Ia1. The dotted line represents distraction at 4 and 8 days, the dashed line represents frame controls. With each of these probesets, there was a consistent pattern of mRNA expression, with collagen Ia1 slowly being upregulated with distraction and downregulated with the frame controls. The mRNA for the TGF beta 1 pathway were present only at low levels and showed no significant change. The integrins and MAP kinase pathways exhibited no change. Surprisingly, Egr 1 was upregulated by two fold, which was confirmed by RT -PCR (not presented). Discussion. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that distraction would produce an upregulation of collagen mRNA as well as the mRNA of key genes involved in the pathways mediating collagen expression. Collagen was indeed upregulated, suggesting that distraction and not immobilization (from the frame control) caused increased collagen deposition. This may play a role in contracture formation. Though collagen behaved fairly consistently and predictably, it would seem that the exact mechanism effecting that is still unknown. Indeed, only one of the aforementioned pathways displayed any upregulation on par with that of collagen. The transcription factor Egr 1 was upregulated suggesting that there may be yet another undiscovered pathway of collagen regulation. In summary, gene chip analyses provide an important experimental approach for exploring the response of skeletal muscle to stretch as induced by distraction. One of the advantages of gene chip analyses is that it provides an integrated perspective that may prove highly useful in understanding the complexity of gene regulation. The findings of this study demonstrate that distraction upregulates the expression of collagen genes likely via a yet unknown pathway possibly involving the early growth response genes.


ABSTRACT In this research, the thermal performance of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe with 11 turns is investigated experimentally. Carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 0.1 wt% in a water-based fluid are used as the operating fluid. Experiments are performed at 50% and 60% filling ratios, and the effect of grooving the evaporator tubes has also been investigated. Experiments with distilled water were also performed to compare the effect of the nanofluid. Experimental results show that the heat transfer performance of the device depends mainly on the power input and the filling ratio, working fluid, and also, the corrugated evaporator that significantly improves the thermal performance. The use of nanofluids reduces the thermal resistance by about 13% compared to pure water at a filling ratio of 50%, and an input power of 300 watts. At a filling ratio of 60%, and the use of nanofluid, corrugating the evaporator reduces the thermal resistance by 6% in comparison with non-corrugated tubes. In general, and in all cases, with increasing input power, the thermal resistance also decreases.


The Department of Fisheries, Thailand has three institutions that are capable of virus isolation using fish cell culture system: the Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute (AAHRI), the National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture (NICA) and the Marine Shrimp Research and Development Center (MSRDC). The AAHRI is located in Bangkok while the others are in Songkhla province, south of Bangkok. Fish cell culture system was initiated in AAHRI and NICA in 19921993. Both institutions spent 6-12 months to develop and practice cell culture. Since then, fish cell lines have been utilized for virus isolation. Various rhabdoviruses, iridoviruses and reoviruses were isolated from diseased freshwater fishes as well as iridoviruses from cultured frog. In addition, iridoviruses and nodavirus were also isolated from diseased marine finfish. The AAHRI maintains 8 fish cell lines and 2 reptile cell lines while NICA maintains 3 fish cell lines. The MSRDC has 5 marine finfish cell lines. In the three institutions, Leibovitz -15 is the general culture medium used in both tissue culture flask and tissue culture plate systems. This medium is capable of maintaining the pH in close and open culture systems without CO2 incubation. Diagnostic practices for marine viral diseases in Thailand include virus isolation, histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique. As diagnosis in virology is costly, only suspected virus-infected specimens submitted to the Aquatic Animal Disease Clinics are examined for viruses. An active surveillance program of marine viral diseases, with support from the Government of Japan-Trust Fund, has begun this year. The diagnostic procedures for marine viral diseases in the three institutions are similar to the techniques described in the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Diagnostic Manual and Blue Book.


Today, there are no tools for supporting non-visual User Interface construction. Computer-based applications accessible by blind users are merely non-visual reproductions [2] of interactive software designed for sighted users. Moreover, the above approaches explicitly employ the Desktop metaphor for non-visual interaction. It is evident that there is a the need for: (i) the design of interaction metaphors appropriate for blind users, and (ii) a software developer's library for building non-visual User Interfaces on the basis of these new metaphors. In this context (a) a methodology for metaphor development hm been constructed, (b) a metaphor called Rooms (not to be confused with other systems) has been designed, and (c) a toolkit for developing Rooms-based non-visual interfaces, called COMONKIT, has been developed.


ABSTRACT The study objective was to examine the animal welfare status of Irish beef production farms using an animal welfare index (AWI). Beef production farms (n = 105) including suckler calf-to-beef (n = 30), suckler calf/weaning/finishing (n = 63), dairy calf-to-beef (n = 12) were assessed during the winter housing period using the AWI. Fifty-one indicators were grouped into six categories: 'locomotion'; six indicators, 'social interactions'; eight indicators, 'flooring'; four indicators, 'environment'; nine indicators, 'stockperson'; thirteen indicators and 'husbandry management' eleven indicators. Two indicators relating to the size of the farm and number of animals on the farm were also collected. The overall mean AWI percentage for the suckler calf-to-beef, suckler calf/weaning/finishing, dairy calf-to-beef farms were 70.3%, 71.9% and 66.6%, respectively. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in AWI between full-time and part-time farmers. This study demonstrated the application of the AWI for use in beef production systems.


Extension of the holding time for whole blood units from 6 to 8 hours at ambient temperature should provide enhanced flexibility in the preparation of platelet concentrates (PCs). A paired study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of stored red cells (RBCs) and plasma prepared from whole blood collected into a red cell additive system (CPD‐ADSOL) after an extended holding time. An individual donated a unit of whole blood on two occasions; 1 unit was held for 6 hours before processing and the other for 8 hours. Autologous RBC 24‐ hour survival levels after 42 days of storage were comparable. Laboratory A, using a 99mTc‐51Cr technique, found mean survival levels of 79 percent (6‐hour hold) and 78 percent (8‐hour hold) (n = 8). Analysis by the single‐label procedure found the mean levels to be 82 and 81 percent. Laboratory B, using an albumin 125I‐51Cr technique, found mean survival levels of 74 and 72 percent (n = 10). Mean hemolysis and ATP levels were found to be comparable after 42 days of storage following 6‐ and 8‐hour holding periods. 2,3 DPG levels were reduced to a greater degree during the longer hold. The factor VIII levels in plasma frozen for at least a month after 6‐ and 8‐hour holding periods were comparable; thawed plasma contained mean levels of 0.77 and 0.76 units per mL (n = 21). These studies indicate that components prepared by using a CPD‐ADSOL system after holding periods of 6 and 8 hours have comparable properties.


Using the atomic force microscope (AFM), the pull-off forces between flat glass or silicon surfaces and silicon AFM tips or glass microspheres of different sizes have been extensively studied as a function of relative humidity (RH) in the range 5−90%, as model systems for the behavior of cohesive powders. The glass and silicon substrates were treated to render them either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. All the hydrophilic surfaces gave simple force curves and pull-off forces increasing uniformly with RH. Small contacts (R ∼ 20 nm) gave pull-off forces close to values predicted by simple Laplace−Kelvin theory (∼20 nN), but the values with microspheres (R ∼ 20 μm) fell well below predictions for sphere−flat or sphere−sphere geometry, due to roughness and asperity contacts. The hydrophobic silicon surfaces also exhibited simple behavior, with no significant RH dependence. The pull-off force again fell well below predicted values (Johnson−Kendall−Roberts contact mechanics theory) for the larger contacts. Hydroph...


In his 2002 State of the Union Address, US President George W. Bush warned his audience of an 'axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world'. It is tempting to roll one's eyes in contemptuous disbelief at this now familiar refrain. Yet, however we may react to Bush's terminology, it is certain that we cannot help but react. That phrase, of course, was calculated precisely to have an immediate, practical effect by dividing the world and forcing us to take sides. For few notions have the visceral, rhetorical power of the term 'evil'. Even when we oppose its use, we often react with the very gut-instinct such notions are designed to activate. Whilst, on occasion, philosophers accuse each other of 'category errors', perhaps even of some disgraceful 'performative contradiction', these complaints barely come close to the sheer normative force of vocabularies that invoke religious terms.

It might be assumed, then, that a serious, emancipatory politics cannot deal in such charged concepts without collapsing into a potentially barbarous mysticism. Surely the language of evil lends itself too easily to the apocalyptic visions of reactionary conservativism to be of value for those with progressive goals? Yet William E. Connolly is one of a number of contemporary political philosophers who has looked to the vocabulary of religion and, indeed, to the term evil in order to explore the possibilities for a radical, democratic politics. How he does this and how we might respond to the challenge to think pluralism in relation to evil are the focus of this chapter.


Recent technology advancements in the areas of compute, storage and networking, along with the increased demand for organizations to cut costs while remaining responsive to increasing service demands have led to the growth in the adoption of cloud computing services. Cloud services provide the promise of improved agility, resiliency, scalability and a lowered Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). This research introduces a framework for minimizing cost and maximizing resource utilization by using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach to optimize the assignment of workloads to servers on Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud infrastructure. The model is based on the classical minimum-cost flow model, known as the assignment model.


Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is an emerging research task that aims to retrieve data of new classes across sketches and images. It is challenging due to the heterogeneous distributions and the inconsistent semantics across seen and unseen classes of the cross-modal data of sketches and images. To realize knowledge transfer, the latest approaches introduce knowledge distillation, which optimizes the student network through the teacher signal distilled from the teacher network pre-trained on large-scale datasets. However, these methods often ignore the mispredictions of the teacher signal, which may make the model vulnerable when disturbed by the wrong output of the teacher network. To tackle the above issues, we propose a novel method termed Prototype-based Selective Knowledge Distillation (PSKD) for ZS-SBIR. Our PSKD method first learns a set of prototypes to represent categories and then utilizes an instance-level adaptive learning strategy to strengthen semantic relations between categories. Afterwards, a correlation matrix targeted for the downstream task is established through the prototypes. With the learned correlation matrix, the teacher signal given by transformers pre-trained on ImageNet and fine-tuned on the downstream dataset, can be reconstructed to weaken the impact of mispredictions and selectively distill knowledge on the student network. Extensive experiments conducted on three widely-used datasets demonstrate that the proposed PSKD method establishes the new state-of-the-art performance on all datasets for ZS-SBIR.


This research made a detailed investigation into the problem of rostering operating crews for a city transportation system. If straight and broken shifts are used to give flexibility in coping with the morning and afternoon peak periods, it is shown that the problem of constructing the broken shifts can be formulated as an assignment problem with inadmissable squares. The solution is obtained using a variant of the Hungarian method. The analysis is illustrated by the construction of an optimal broken shift roster for bus drivers.


THE role of 'generalists' and 'specialists' in public administration, in my opinion, is complementary to each other and not mutually conflicting, since both of them have an important function to perform. The 'generalist' versus 'specialist' controversy, which we have been hearing about during the past few years is a legacy of the British administrative system which we have inherited, and to which we are devoutly adhering without any basic change, even though the socio-economic objectives of the State have undergone radical changes since Independence, and the technological development has thrown up new challenges and complex problems. Nowhere in the world does the class of 'generalist-administrator' exist except in Britain, and even in that country a lot of progressive thinking has gone into the administrative system during the post-'Fulton' period. The terms 'generalists' and 'Specialists', like the word 'socialism', are quite often loosely used, and these denote different connotations to different persons. It would, therefore, be desirable to first specify what we exactly mean by these two terms before proceeding to discuss further.


Prism-based augmented reality displays are affordable solutions for head mounted devices. In this paper we supply a seldom applied reflective prism form, which does not require rays to be total internal reflected (TIR) on the surfaces. Therefore, the different folding geometry leads to more freedom in the optical architecture and better performance. Furthermore, to develop the full-color property, an off-axis element is cemented to correct the chromatic aberration. For the specifications, the eye relief is 18mm and the field of view is 50° horizontally and 30° vertically, respectively.


In the early days of sleep research it was thought that heart block (second and third degree atrioventricular block), sinus arrest, or sinoatrial block were frequent findings in patients with sleep apnoea. Tilkian and co-workers1 reported that more than 50% of patients with sleep apnoea develop episodes of heart block during sleep. In 400 patients studied by Guilleminault et al 2 bradycardic arrhythmias were reported in almost 18% of the patients and later studies found heart block in 9–13% of patients with sleep apnoea.3 4 Due to ventricular asystoles of up to 13 seconds in duration it was hypothesised that heart block might lead to an increased mortality risk in these patients.2 A recent publication challenged previous results in that no increased prevalence of bradycardic arrhythmias was seen in patients with sleep apnoea compared with those without sleep apnoea.5

To examine these seemingly discrepant results further we performed Holter monitoring in 239 consecutive patients diagnosed as having sleep apnoea (apnoea/hypopnoea index >10/h) using a validated ambulatory recording device based on the measurement of heart rate, Sao 2, snoring sound, and body position. Episodes of second and third degree atrioventricular (AV) block and/or sinus arrest of more than two seconds in duration occurred in 17 of the 239 patients.6 There was no significant difference in age between patients with and without heart block (mean (SD) 50.7 (12.8) versus 52.1 (9.8) years), but those with heart block were significantly more obese (38.7 (7.3) versus 30.7 (4.6)).

Twelve of the 17 patients (70.6%) had arterial hypertension, seven (41.1%) suffered from heart failure (NYHA II–III), and four (23.5%) had pulmonary hypertension. None of the patients reported a myocardial infarction in their medical history, and in only one (5.9%) exercise testing showed signs of coronary heart disease. Ten …


The major issue in municipal cities is solid waste generation. The Landfilling is one of the techniques for disposal. Though there are advantages in disposing the waste, it also creates some long term effects to the surroundings such as Leachate, unwanted gas emissions etc. In this project, we made a solution to the problem. The unwanted gas containing 70 to 80% of Methane is collected by Biogas digestion process. We experimentally made a small budget bio digester by using waste material and equate a relation of how much gas can be collected at a certain range of wastes. Another important issue called Leachate, which pollutes the groundwater in great level, especially nitrates in higher amounts can cause "Blue baby syndrome ". This can be treated by efficient method called solar photo-catalytic process, comes under the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and Denitrification process. The experiment was carried out with different concentrations of TiO2 salts which are in dosage of 1,1.5,1.8,2g/500ml.The Photocatalytic experiment was conducted under 5hrs for each sample collected. Finally, at certain values of obtained BOD, COD, Nitrates, Dissolved solids, Phosphates, Iron, Chlorides, Turbidity etc. found, the removal efficiency results are discussed and tabulated.


The success of Kung Fu Hustle within and beyond Hong Kong provides a convenient starting point for a discussion of actor‐director Stephen Chow's films and the manner in which they present themselves as belonging to a particular 'local' context. The production of the local is a critical issue in south Indian cinemas, where the local has been named as the linguistic‐cultural identity and became available for political mobilization. Chow's work has significant implications for the study of south Indian cinemas because the dissimilarities between the two facilitate the identification of similar cinematic techniques used by both.


The "use" of a trademark is expressly defined in the Trademark Act (hereinafter, "Act") under Articles 2(1)( vi) and 2(2). Furthermore, in regard to the legal effects that may result from the "use" of a trademark, the Act further stipulates the following: secondary meaning through continuous use [Article 6(2)]; prohibition of registration for a trademark identical or similar to another party's well-known trademark [Articles 7(1)(ix) and (x)]; prohibition of registration of a trademark identical or similar to another party's trademark for a period of one year from the date of expiration of such trademark [Articles 7(1)(viii) and (4)(1)]; definition of direct and indirect infringing activities of a trademark right [Article 66]; cancellation trials against trademark registrations [Articles 73(l)(ii) and (iii)], and so forth. However, in spite of these provisions, the term "use of a trademark" under the Act does not always coincide with the concept of "use" that is commonly understood in society. In addition, if we adopt to the literal definition under the Act, the aim of the Act may not be achieved in certain cases. Therefore, this thesis will examine the various ways of using a trademark in the actual commercial society, by deliberating on several provision of the Act as well as a number of local and foreign precedents pertaining to the use of a trademark As stared, the term "use of a trademark" under the Act and use in actual society do not exactly correspond to each other. Moreover, it seems that no consideration was made in the definition provisions of the Act as to who should be the party to deserve the benefits of the legal effects resulting from the "use of a trademark". For this reason, this dissertation tries to set basic structure on answering the current issues regarding the trademark system by discussing the concept of "use of a trademark". Moreover, we will look into the issue of co-using the legal term "use" and the literal meaning word "use" in a real world context.


Disparities emanating from South Africa's apartheid history still pose a number of challenges to the country, especially in education. Since the transition to democracy in 1994, the prescribed government school curriculum has undergone several revisions in an endeavour to set standards and provide instruction of a high quality. On the language education front, laws and policies have been adopted to ensure, inter alia, the maintenance and development of the 11 official languages and the granting of parity of esteem as required by the country's constitution. Notwithstanding the fact that the objective of an equal and quality education may take considerable time to achieve, the ongoing provision of an education of an undesirable standard two decades into democracy could be seen as undermining the constitution and as a perpetuating form of injustice. This paper problematises the equalisation of educational standards against the historical background of the country and provides a critical overview of initiativ...


This demo introduces WorkItemExplorer, an interactive environment to visually explore data from software development tasks. WorkItemExplorer enables developers and managers to investigate activity and correlations in their task management system by making data exploration flexible and interactive, and by utilizing multiple coordinated views. Our preliminary evaluation shows that WorkItemExplorer is able to answer questions that developers ask, while also enabling them to gain new insights through the free exploration of data.


Bunch Arrival time Monitor (BAM) is an electro-optical device used at FLASH accelerator in DESY for the high precision, femtosecond scale, measurements of the moment when electron bunch arrives at the reference point in the machine. The arrival time is proportional to the average bunch energy, and is used to calculate the amplitude correction for the RF field control. Correction is sent to the LLRF system in less than 10 us, and this creates a secondary feedback loop (over the regular LLRF one), which is focused on beam energy stabilization - beam feedback. This paper presents new MTCA BAM readout electronics design based on the MTCA.4 - "MTCA for Physics", and FMC mezzanine boards standards. Presented solution is a replacement for existing, VME based BAM readout devices. It provides higher efficiency by using new measurement techniques, better components (such as ADCs, FPGAs etc.), and high bandwidth MTCA backplane. MTCA provides also different topology for data transfers in the crate, which all together opens new opportunities for the improvement of the overall system performance.


In-depth sociological explanations are needed as to why "Social Europe" i.e. the quasi-federal layer of social protection at the EU level, has remained so marginal. In order to progress on this, research has to take into account the diversity of political cultures, because these cultures are closely interconnected with national systems of social protection. Now that the 'golden age' of the Open methods of coordination seem to be behind us, serious consideration should be put to the question of cultures, but not in culturalist or essentialist terms. This pertains both to the research agenda about Europe and to the political action of European actors.


Author(s): Elkins, James | Abstract: From its North American beginnings in the late 1980s, its German beginnings in the 1970s, and its prehistory, going back to Derrida, Benjamin, and before, visual studies has taken as part of its mission the breaking of disciplinary boundaries. Visual studies has always pictured itself questioning conceptual domains and hegemonic identities, inhabiting margins, rethinking received ideas of cultural inquiry, identity, and place. Refraction, the theme of this issue, is one such boundary formation.


"Analysis of the relationship established by some subjects with the organizational cultures of foreign multinationals operating in Medellin" , is a qualitative social research about the cultural impact that some multinationals have in Antioquia through its organizational influence. As main theoretical reference, it takes some psychoanalytic concepts such as subjectivity, identification and subject. At the


A very keen awareness of the impact of lightning threat on ground operations exists at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) because of the high frequency of thunderstorm occurrences in Florida. The majority of thunder events occur in the summertime, initiated by solar heating of the land. Merritt Island, where KSC is located, produces its own thunderstorms under light flow conditions; because some are small, their importance might be unappreciated at first glance. The impress of these facts, and others of pertinence, on the KSC atmospheric sciences development program will be discussed, priorities enumerated, and a review of development projects presented.


In general, the oscillator is a device that used in most circuits and system of electronics, electrical, and telecommunications. There are several kinds of oscillator contingent on frequency band use in a submission such as microwave, audio, and radio frequency. LC oscillator is one of the greatest mutual categories of oscillators, the applications of this oscillator was seemed to be increasing in modern devices, for actual high and very high frequencies to meet the speedy growth of progressive knowledge. That can be secondhand for radio frequency (RF), its productivity signal is frequently applied at the basis of radio communication classification in furthermost applications. In this paper, a designed Colpitts oscillator is covered from voltage amplifier with LC container. This strategy is done by two approaches. Primarily, is approved out exploitation hypothetical scheming. The subordinate is supported out exploitation imitation (Multisim 13). There are two proposal types of circuits the first for generate signal frequencies 0.5MHz,1MHZ,10MHz,20MHz,50MHz &100MHz, the second for generate signal frequencies 4.963MHZ, 5.031MHZ, and 5.756MHz respectively. The consequence is realized to be very hopeful.


Feral asses (Equus asinus) were studied in a desert range in southeastern California, USA. They formed small, highly unstable groups of varied sex and age composition. Older ♂♂ tended to be solitary and some were seasonally territorial. Home ranges of marked individuals overlapped and averaged 32 km2. The territory of a marked ♂ occupied 0.5 km2. The social and spatial organizations of the study population are compared with other feral ass populations and with other equid species. Loose social organization is viewed as well-adapted to the low carrying capacity of deserts, and the territorial system similarly adaptive when precipitation is periodic.


This paper discusses the development of technology for the production of extruded composite propellant formulations. These formulations are based on thermoplastic elastomers and curable polymer gumstocks as the propellant binder, and utilize ammonium perchlorate as the primary oxidizer. Propellant mixing and other processing procedures are addressed. Evaluations of potential binders, processing details, and theoretical perfor- mance characteristics are included to define the parameters used as acceptability criteria. The primary candidates for continued development are identified and details of the processing and evaluation are given. ISTORICALLY, extruded propellant used in gun systems and small tactical rocket motors has been based on homogeneous single- and double-base propellants. Later de- velopment of triple-base and modified double-base propellants for guns and rocket motors has shown that nonhomogeneous propellants may be successfully extruded. Most recently, the development of propellants suitable for Low Vulnerability Ammunition (LOVA) using cyclotrimethyl trinitramine (RDX) or cyclotetramet hylene tetranitramine (HMX) as energetic materials and a thermoplastic binder has produced extrudable propellants, although these systems use solvent extrusion processes.1"3 Solids loadings of up to 90% have been produced successfully. Prior efforts, reported in the restricted literature, in the development of extruded composite propellant technology used systems similar to castable composite propellants based on liquid polymers such as hydroxy-termi nated polybutadiene and carboxy-terminated polybutadiene acrylonitriles.4 These systems were partially cured to produce a semisolid propellant which was then extruded. The success of this approach was limited by difficulty in terminating the curing reaction at the proper time to produce an extrudable propellant without damage to the polymer network during the extrusion process. The extrusion was followed by a continuation of the cure to produce the final mechanical properties desired. The variabil- ity in precure times and concomitant curing within the net- work resulted in nonuniform hardness throughout the pre- cured mass of propellant. The nonuniformity of the propellant resulted in generally unsatisfactory propellant grains during the extrusion process. Initial development of the LOVA gun propellants was based on liquid polymer binders and the same basic problem was encountered. One thermoplastic elastomer binder, Kraton G 1652 (Shell Chemical Co.), was included in the study. Thermo- plastic elastomers as a class are nonhomogeneous polymeric systems, in which an elastomeric polymer has been copolymer- ized with a thermoplastic material to produce a molecule having a central block of elastomer and terminated at each end with thermoplastic blocks. The end result of this molecu- lar construction is a material which has the properties of a vulcanized rubber but which, unlike thermosetting or vulcaniz- ing rubbers, can be processed in a manner similar to thermo- plastics. The system may be remelted and reprocessed a num- ber of times and provides the user with significant advantages


Abstract This paper examines the issue of transparency recognition in architecture from a dynamically changing point of view. A simple and intuitive pictorial model of the transparent surface appearance is presented, followed by a discussion of the transparency processing (mid- or high-level). Two zones of perception that determine the proper perception of light-permeable surfaces are distinguished, each with their own phenomena responsible for the formation of transparency perception cues (transmittance/absorbance or reflectance). The main visual processing mechanisms are discussed, and some parallels to machine vision are found. Finally, a short checklist is presented to provide practical advice for architects dealing with large surfaces of glass in their projects.


A usual method of preparation of homogenized cross sections for reactor coarse-mesh calculations is based on two-dimensional multigroup transport treatment of an assembly together with an appropriate leakage model and reaction-rate-preserving homogenization technique. The actual generation of assembly spectrum codes based on collision probability methods is capable of treating complex geometries (i.e., irregular meshes of arbitrary shape), thus avoiding the modeling error that was introduced in codes with traditional tracking routines. The power and architecture of current computers allow the treatment of spatial domains comprising several mutually interacting assemblies using fine multigroup structure and retaining all geometric details of interest. Increasing safety requirements demand detailed two- and three-dimensional calculations for very heterogeneous problems such as control rod positioning, broken Pyrex rods, irregular compacting of mixed- oxide (MOX) pellets at an MOX-UO{sub 2} interface, and many others. An effort has been made to include accurate multi- dimensional transport methods in the APOLLO 2 lattice code. These include extension to three-dimensional axially symmetric geometries of the general-geometry collision probability module TDT and the development of new two- and three-dimensional characteristics methods for regular Cartesian meshes. In this paper we discuss the main features of recently developed multidimensional methods that are currently beingmore » tested.« less


Whatever may be deemed necessary to define it, the inclusion of historically documented characters or events, the authenticity of its subject-matter, the presentation, as Coleridge demanded, of the audience's own past,' or what have you, historical drama will embody and convey a concept of history. This seems inevitably so. Since all drama exists in time, it will , explicitly or implicitly, make statements about the nature of time, its progression and direction, and thus about history. Yet to call all drama historical because of that were to use a comprehensive and therefore meaningless label. Further restrictions are needed, if "historical drama" is to he usefully employed as a generic term in literary criticism. Two such restrictions suggest themselves: the first, that the play's concept of history must be presented through historical matter either known or established as such; the second, that this concept is to be communicated through theatrical and rhetorical means shaped by it and therefore expressi...


Conventional active magnetic bearings (AMB) use a bias current (or flux) to achieve greater linearity and dynamic capability. Bias, however, results in undesirable rotating losses and consequent rotor heating. Gain-scheduled control of a magnetic bearing with low bias is investigated. A single degree-of-freedom system consisting of a mass and two opposing electromagnets is considered. The nonlinear system is formulated as a quasi-LPV (linear parameter varying) system by linearizing the quadratic and the control input saturation nonlinearities. The gain-scheduled controller guarantees performance over a certain range of input saturation. The closed loop system is then transformed into linear fractional transformation (LFT) form with shared linear time varying (LTV) uncertainties and unshared multiplicative linear time invariant (LTI) uncertainty. The robust analysis consists of finding an upper bound via iteration between two minimizations, namely, a /spl mu/ analysis problem and a scaled L/sub 2/ gain problem. The techniques developed may also be applied to many other applications which contain opposing quadratic actuators with limits on control input.


Session setup delay in Packet Switched Streaming (PSS) services over Third Generation (3G) wireless networks is impacted by Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP) signalling exchange and negotiation, as well as media buffering at the terminal before playback. The paper discusses PSS session setup delay contributions, and explains which would be the requirements that should be fulfilled in order to optimize that setup delay over a 3G network. Taking into account those requirements, the paper outlines a generic mechanism, the RTSP early setup. The proposal is to reduce delay by combining RTSP message pipelining and early activation of the secondary connection (PDP-Contexts) that will carry Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) media over the 3G network. This new feature would allow for shorter waiting times when starting a new streaming session or when switching channels in a Mobile-TV environment.


Humor is often used in advertising to make messages more entertaining and memorable. There are circumstances, however, under which humor can impede the acquisition of information from ads. This study explores these circumstances by examining how the interplay of humor expectancy, humor relevancy, and individuals' need for humor influences message claims recall. Results of experimentation show that recall is damaged when humor is expected—especially when expected humor is conceptually related to the message. Additionally, the deleterious impact of humor expectancy on recall is more pronounced among individuals characterized by low need for humor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The article deals with new approaches to characterize D. Vishnevsky's personality and activity. The author analyses historical works of E. Apanovich, V. Golobutsky,A. Gurbyuk,YU. MYtsyik,V. Sergiychyuk,V. Stepankov, N. Yakovenko,relying on a new source basis as well as on present methodology that enables him to reconsider the role of D. Vishnevsky and gentry as a whole in historical process which took place in Eastern Europe that time.


Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading preventable and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Diseases well known to be associated with hypertension have been discerned among the adult population within the state of Qatar. These include myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, dyslipidemia and erectile dysfunction. Our literature review aims to provide a review of the current literature on hypertension among the adult population within the State of Qatar. Methods: A review of studies published between 1982-2019 in the area of hypertension was conducted with the use of PubMed, using the key words "hypertension + adults+ Qatar". We also used the reference list of all articles retrieved, and author names to expand our search that was used for this review. Hypertension in Children and Hypertension in Pregnancy was excluded from our search results. Results: A total of 17 studies were included for review, which included 9 cross sectional studies, 4 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies and 1 matched case control study. In addition to diseases well known to be associated with hypertension novel associations have been observed. These include hearing impairment, potentially inappropriate prescribing and subclinical magnesium deficiency. There is a significantly greater prevalence of hypertension among individuals with a family history of consanguinity within the indigenous population of Qatar. Furthermore a greater morbidity and mortality from certain conditions associated with hypertension have been noted within this group. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension among adults within the State of Qatar is approximately 32% (16.8% - 32.1%) which is in keeping with current overall global estimates. Hypertension in the State of Qatar primarily affects the elderly population (above 50 years) and is associated with a number of morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), obesity, ...........


Aaron (1966) compared the capital reserve (CR) and the payas-you-go (PAYG) social insurance systems in a special model with two overlapping generations and many cohorts. He found that PAYG yields higher welfare than does CR if and only if the output growth rate is qreater than the interest rate. The paper reconsiders this result by relaxing several homogeneity assumptions and deriving optimal quasistationary paths from a homogeneous utility function (a specific homothetic function). A further specification with constant relative risk aversion or equivalently, with constant elasticity of substitution shows that "everything goes". In particular, PAYG may be preferred to CR even if the output growth rate is smaller (rather than qreater) than the interest rate for youthful (mature) profiles with high (low) risk aversion. This revision calls into question the conventional explanation of the recent crisis of PAYG Social Security system.


In brain-computer interface (BCI) studies, decoding neural activities representing limb movements is the key of motor prostheses controlling. So far, most of these works have been based on invasive approaches. But a few researchers tried to decode kinematic parameters of single hand from magnetoencephalogram (MEG) or electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during center-out reaching tasks. Yet whether and how EEG activities might be related to hand velocities during continuous drawing task is still unclear. Here we applied spatial filtering to multi-channel EEG in different frequency bands and then employed a Kalman smoother to decode hand movement velocities during a two-dimensional drawing task. The mean correlation coefficients between measured and decoded velocities ranged from 0.35∼0.83 for the horizontal dimension and 0.11∼0.45 for the vertical dimension. These results indicated that continuous neural control of motor prostheses may be realized by recoding EEG with visual motor task.


Hartman proved that a diffeomorphism is topologically conjugate to a linear map on a neighbourhood of a hyperbolic fixed point ([3]). In this paper we study the topological conjugacy problem of a diffeomorphism on a neighbourhood of a hyperbolic set, and prove that for any hyperbolic set there is an arbitrarily slight extension to which a sub-shift of finite type is semi-conjugate.


Inelastic form factors of electrical transition have been calculated for 46,48,50Ti isotopes using the Tassie model. The form factors have been calculated for different exciting energies. The harmonic oscillator (HO) wave function has been used as a single-particle wave function. The model space has been considered as 1f7/2, 2p3/2, 2p1/2, and 2f5/2. Gx1 has been used as effective interaction in all calculations. In all calculations, the effective charge has been considered as 1.5e for proton and 0.5e for neutron. All obtained results have been compared with data from an experiment. The calculations show the Tassie model gives a good description of longitudinal form factors of 46,48,50Ti isotopes in E(2+) transitions as compared with experimental data, especially in the region below 2 fm−1 of momentum transfer, but in the E(4+), the theoretical results deviated slightly from experimental data especially in the region greater than 1.5 fm−1 of momentum transfer.


Summary form only given. Substantial broadening and clearly visible "red" and "blue" shifts of K-shell spectral lines as a function position along the axis of wire-array Z-pinches have been observed in the time-integrated X-ray spectra from 8-32 wire Al arrays in experiments on the MAGPIE (1 MA, 240 ns risetime) and COBRA (1 MA, 100 ns risetime) pulsed-power generators. To separate the spectral and spatial shift of the spectral lines, two wide-band spectrographs (WB-FSSR), each consisting of 3 spherically bent crystals with radius of curvature 182 mm, have been used in a mirror-symmetric configuration. In this configuration, the spatial shift of the spectral lines recorded by each spectrograph off the Rowland circle has the opposite sign and can therefore be distinguished from a spectral shift. K-shell X-ray spectra from Al-wire arrays and L-shell spectra from Ni and invar wire arrays have been studied. The measured Doppler shift of the spectral lines, Deltalambda/lambda, varied along the pinch axis and reached 0.015 corresponding to a radial plasma velocity of 5times107 cm/s. X-ray lines excited by energetic electrons show less broadening and more uniformity along the array axis. Spectroscopic data were compared with optical streak observation of implosion dynamics of different wire arrays. The average speed of implosion of the bulk of the array material as seen in visible light steak images is consistent with spectroscopic data.


By using FDTD method,the electromagnetic scattering from the combinative objects with metal and plasma is obtained,and the time domain consititutive relation of dispersive medium is analyzed with the shift operator.The relationship of combinative objects'PCS and the plasma frequency and electron collision frequency is calculated and analyzed.


Cellular data sponsoring (CDS) is a traditional data sponsor scheme widely used in cellular video delivery networks, where content providers (CPs) bear the cellular data downloading cost for mobile video users (MUs), so as to attract more MUs and achieve higher revenue (e.g., via more attached advertisements). Edge caching sponsoring (ECS) is a novel data sponsor scheme recently introduced in the emerging 5G network, where CPs cache popular video contents on the edge network in advance and deliver them to local MUs directly. Thus, it can not only achieve the benefits of CDS (i.e., attracting more MUs and achieving higher revenue), but also reduce the congestion of backhaul network. In this work, we will perform a competitive analysis of CDS and ECS for mobile video streaming. Specifically, we consider a mobile video delivery network with two CPs who adopt CDS and ECS, respectively. MUs can choose one or neither of these two sponsor schemes (from the corresponding CPs) for his video content requests. We formulate the interaction of CPs and MUs as a two-stage Stackelberg game, where CPs act as leaders determining the efforts of their adopted sponsor schemes in the first stage, and MUs act as followers choosing the best sponsor schemes for their content requests in the second stage. We analyze the sub-game perfect equilibrium systematically for both cooperative and competitive scenarios (depending on whether two CPs cooperate or compete with each other). Numerical results show that in the competitive scenario, the joint sponsor of ECS and CDS can increase the total MU payoff by 36% ~ 140%, comparing with that with only one sponsor scheme. Moreover, the CPs can benefit more from ECS than from CDS when the revenue is higher.


To obtain a complete understanding of how data protection laws apply in Mexico, readers must start with the following fact: There are two main data protection laws in Mexico. One applies to companies and individuals processing personal data for non-household activities, the other provides the framework that all Mexican States shall follow to regulate data processing by public entities identified as 'sujetos obligados' or 'obligated subjects'. Even when both laws regulate 'data protection' in a very similar way, a close look into them reveals that they provide different rights to data subjects and different obligations for data controllers. As we will indicate, this situation may lead to problems on the differentiated protections and obligations when citizens' rights are processed by two types of data controllers that otherwise should not have different obligations when processing this information.
Mexico, Data Protection, Data Subjects, Portability, Impact Assessment, Breach, Security


An assumption shared by most literature on calamities is that blame assigna tion occurs in technological but not natural disaster situations. In this study of a major urban flood, 65% of the sample assigned responsibility for the disaster to human agents and technological failures. Those who attributed economic and psychological losses to human agency believed that natural disasters are controllable and that it is the responsibility of government to control nature through the use of technology and regulation. If natural disasters are increas ingly being interpreted in technological terms, collective responses are likely to call for technological means to assess and minimize risks.


Selectivity and efficiency of Cr(VI)-ions extraction by the aqueous two-phase system of tetrabutylammonium bromide and (NH4)2SO4 were studied. The most important factor influencing on Cr(VI) extraction was the pH of the system, that should be less than 5.


This paper analyzes and studies on several commonly used algorithms of multi-robots formation,designs and makes a new algorithm which combines the advantages of several commonly used multi-robots formation algorithms including a leader-follower approach,an artificial potential field approach and a behavior-based approach.Autonomous mobile multi-robots system,which is made by ourselves,are used for the physical simulation of the new algorithm.Not only achieved are a series of functions of the multi-robots including searching the target,running towards the target,dynamic tracking,real-time collision avoidance,but the effectiveness of the new algorithm is also verified.


Entrepreneurs have been widely recognized as contributing greatly to improving a country's economy, including in Indonesia. In fact, currently, the segmentation of women entrepreneurs has received much attention in most governments globally. Therefore, this village development program aims to strengthen the Joint Business Group-based culinary business. The partners involved in this program are Family Welfare Empowerment cadres in South Balikpapan District. The results using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model at levels 1 and 2 show that the partners consider the training program (village development) satisfactory. Also, this training program effectively influences cooking self-efficacy and partners' entrepreneurial intentions. The evaluation of this program has important implications for strengthening the Joint Business Group-based culinary business for Family Welfare Empowerment cadres.


Figure 1: Comparison of unstimulated (control, blue) and stimulated (red) CD4+ T cells. A normal whole blood sample was activated using DURActiv 1* (PN: C11101) and stained with DuraClone IF T Helper Cell Tube* (PN: C04666) per manufacturer's instructions. A and B show histogram overlays of IFN gamma and IL-4 expression, respectively. Figure C shows dot plot overlays for both cytokines. Plots are for illustration purposes only.


Systematic and continuous monitoring of these points requires commitment by management and education and training of employees at all levels. A large investment in training may be offset by abandoning obsolete and ineffective procedures. An approach called the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system is being introduced in several countries, and the exampleworked out in detail in the World Health Organisation report for salmonellosis illustrates the analysis and identification of control points for different foods.7 Investment in education and training with detailed monitoring of critical points in the production and processing of food may be a more effective approach to safety than legal measures to allocate blame after things have unnecessarily gone wrong. The two strategies are not incompatible and can be mutually supportive. Can we hope to remove human error? Probably not, but at least we could try harder. NORMAN R GRIST Emeritus Professor of Infectious Diseases, University of Glasgow, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow G20 9NB


Utilities have been forced to raise the overall efficiency towards a better position in radial distribution systems (DS). The literature has proved that reactive power compensation performs well in minimizing the power loss ( PLoss ) and enhancing the bus voltage profile within the permissible range in radial DSs. This work presents Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) to resolve the problem efficiently. The merit of this technique is that it can offer a global or near-global optimum for capacitor siting and sizing. The main intention of this study is to obtain annual financial benefit (AFB) using the placement and sizing of capacitors optimally. This can, however, be achieved by minimizing the objective function composed of cost-based PLoss and capacitor investment cost on radial DSs. The proposed technique has been tested on four renowned DS: the Indian 10-bus, modified 12-bus, IEEE 69-bus, and 94-bus Portugal system. The previously published papers are compared with the outcomes of AOA in terms of PLoss reduction and AFB and prove that AOA achieves better performance and more AFB.


PURPOSE: A micro spring and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to bury a fixed part inside of a laminate structure by forming a fixed part and a free part on the micro spring, thereby preventing mechanical damage. CONSTITUTION: One or more micro springs(12) are formed on a substrate. The micro spring comprises a fixed unit and a free part(14). The fixed part(16) is attached on the substrate. The fixed part is buried within a laminate structure. The laminate structure(30) comprises the micro spring which is partly buried within the laminate structure.


The embodiment of the invention provides a music program information acquisition method. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring an audio file corresponding to a music program to be processed; performing automatic identification processing on the audio file so as to obtain an identification result; and displaying music program information according to the identification result, wherein the music program information at least comprises song list information. The automatic identification processing is performed according to the audio file corresponding to the music program, so that the list information of the music program comprising songs is obtained, thereby bringing better experiences for a user. In addition, the embodiment of the invention further provides music program information acquisition equipment.


In order to evaluate the risk factors on the mortality of the institutionalized Japanese elderly, the cohort study was carried out. We studied the outcome of 114 residents in a skilled nursing home for the elderly in Fukuoka, Japan. Sixty-seven of the residents were demented. During the five-and-a-half year follow-up, the survival rate was lower in the residents with than in those without dementia. (31% vs. 70%). In a univariate analysis, the risk for death increased when factors such as age or systolic blood pressure increased, while it decreased when factors such as the score of Hasegawa's dementia rating scale, the serum albumin level or the activity of daily living score increased. The existence of hypertension, cancer or dementia increased the risk for death, while the ability to urinate and have bowel movements by oneself or that to take meals by oneself decreased it. In a multivariate analysis, dementia, old age, high systolic blood pressure, cancer and the inability to take meals by oneself were risk factors for mortality. Since the treatment of hypertension may sometimes accelerate dementia and limit activities of daily living through a further decreased cerebral blood flow after a blood pressure fall, it seems to be advisable to avoid an excessive blood pressure fall while the treatment of hypertension may be recommended in the elderly. J Epidemiol. 1995; 5 : 117-123.


Abstract Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital disorder, acknowledged as the most debilitating form of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction disorders. Because the disease is often fatal in the first years of life and the surviving individuals are dependent on supportive medical or surgical treatment, definite antenatal diagnosis is desirable. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed MMIHS and discuss the suspicious findings and diagnostic criteria that allow a rapid and definite prenatal diagnosis.


This paper addresses the distributed consensus problem for a linear multi-agent system with switching directed communication topologies. By appropriately introducing a linear transformation, the consensus problem is equivalently converted to a stabilization problem for a class of switched linear systems. Some sufficient consensus conditions are then derived by using tools from the matrix theory and stability analysis of switched systems. It is proved that consensus in such a multi-agent system can be ensured if each agent is stabilizable and each possible directed topology contains a directed spanning tree. Finally, a numerical simulation is given for illustration.


[Objective]To explore the risk factors of the outbreak of paratyphoid in spring.[Methods]Epidemiological survey and case-control study were adopted.[Results]Intaking cold food made by home together with washing in river was the major cause of this paratyphoid outbreak.[Conclusions]It is very important to enforce the ordinary food and water sanitation surveillance for preventing the paratyphoid and other diseases.


It is known, of course, that the critical eye has looked over into the period of Mioses as one of the most inviting fields of speculation and one of the most vulnerable from the standpoint of Biblical accuracy and integrity. It was obvious that the whole arrangement of the Biblical narratives presented a jumble of chronological difficulties which could never be unravelled. One might add that the disorder and confusion attributed to the Biblical narratives were primarily the results of rejecting the Biblical statements, on the one hand; and of thus creating problems where the Bible story on its own count was consistent. Are we to accept the Biblical accounts of Moses and the epochal events of the Mosaic age as historical and reliable, or do they represent for us the wholesale manufacturing of national traditions from the standpoint of some spokesman who was first of all a propagandist? It is comforting to read in this connection the following admission which should bring a certain amount of assurance to all lovers of the Bible: "It is impossible to deny either the fact of the Exodus or the historicity of Moses. An event which stamped itself so deeply on the consciousness of the people as to control all of its later thinking, to ratify its religion, and to dictate its theory of history, can by no possibility have been a mere invention."! Or to refresh our minds with the double assurance left by the late Professor T. Eric Peet: "That an exodus occurred need not for a moment be doubted. It has already been pointed out that the whole incident of the


This research paper focuses on understanding conference participation in a department of engineering education. The Engineering Education community has developed several spaces in the United States and internationally to continuously discuss the trends of the field. However, we wanted to explore if people were participating in diverse conferences beyond the traditional conferences in the field. Nevertheless, engineering educators come from a very broad range of backgrounds, including different engineering disciplines, education, and social sciences. The purpose of this paper is to better understand what type of conferences members of an engineering education department typically attend. Data collected quantitatively in an engineering education department. Results suggest members of the engineering education department are most familiar and attend the traditional conferences in the field (i.e. ASEE, FIE). Among the reasons for making a decision to attend a conference funding and location of the conference were the most important reasons, beyond quality of the conference and speakers participating. This research paper will be presented as a traditional lecture, however, it will include a portion of the conversation focused on the audience (mini-demonstration). To do that, we expect the audience to engage during the talk by using real-time feedback (e.g. Polleverywhere) and paper surveys (for those that don't have access to technology) to gather their preferences on attending conferences and see how those preferences contrast to the findings of our study.


We have measured the linear polarization of 8 bright Herhig Ae/Be stars in UBVRI bands. No unique wavelength dependence of polarization magnitude as well as direction is found in these measurements.


To study the pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in experimentally infected rabbits, which was the second isolate after Staphylococcus sp. (26.3%), isolated from meat and meat products, collected in the period from August, 2019 to April, 2020. 18 mature local rabbits of 1-1.900 kg body weight, from both sex were used. After 2 weeks of adaptation to environment of farm of Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, the animals divided into three groups (6 each), those of 1 st group left without exposure to Klebsiella pneumoniae , while those of 2 group divided into two subgroups , 1 subgroup received cortisone at therapeutic dose 0.1 mg /kg intramuscular for two times with three days interval, the 2 nd subgroup received cortisone for one time at the same dose, then rabbits of this group and those of 3 rd group which did not received cortisone exposed to a dose of 2x10 9 bacteria / ml., twice , three days a part, orally. The depended parameters, were the clinical, hematological and histopathological changes.


Abstract AISI type 430 stainless steel is a common current collector in sodium sulfur batteries. The corrosion behavior of stainless steel 430 (SS430) was investigated in this article in a sulfur environment at 350 °C using the gravimetric method. The corrosion mechanism and the characteristics of vulcanization films were studied by diffraction X-ray (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and resistance was tested by a four-probe tester. The results showed that the intensive vulcanization of SS430 took place at a corrosion time above 24 h. The dynamic vulcanization of SS430 first increased to a maximum point of 0.6532 mm × a-1 after 120 h in a 350 °C molten sulfur environment and then decreased. Block resistance reached 0.6058 mΩ after 120 h. The main corrosion product of SS430 was FeS2 within 48 h and its microstructure was porous. The Cr6S7 was observed again after 72 h. A dense Cr2S3 and FeS2 coating formed after 120 h, which protected the SS430 and reduced corrosion.


The present invention relates to the use of a pyrazolopyri midinone PDE5 inhibitor Such as Sildenafil for the treatment of polycystic ovary Syndrome. Patent Application Publication Feb. 12, 2004 Sheet 1 of 5 US 2004/0029891 A1


In the present article, an analysis of principles of representations of Paris in Gogol's 'Rome' offers a new way of revealing the semantic content of the image of the universal city that is difficult to interpret. Special attention is paid to issues which are important for representations of Paris, such as semantics and the structure of the symbolic space, the character of the relationship between the hero and the city, and the specificity of the myth of Paris.


Benzofurans are important synthetic building blocks present in a high number of biologically active natural products, pursuing several medicinal properties. In this context, there is an increasing interest in developing efficient syntheses for this class of compounds. Accordingly, we present in this work our preliminary results involving the iodocyclization reaction of 2-iodo-6-alkynylanisoles, employing molecular iodine under mild conditions, leading to the formation of highly functionalized benzofurans, potential precursors of pharmaceuticals and functional materials.


A number of novel, invertebrate systems have emerged as excellent models for the study of microbiomes. Due to their small size, evolutionary diversity, ease of culture, and – in many cases – relatively simple gut communities, invertebrates of many different orders can be tools to drive hypothesis-driven microbiome research. In this review we highlight several host systems amenable to microbiota analyses and specific questions that can be easily addressed in those systems. These questions address functional equivalence across similar habitats, host-specificity and coevolution of host-microbe interactions, and acquisition and transmission dynamics of host-associated communities. We propose that host systems be chosen based on the question of interest, and that insect systems are excellent tools for the vast behavioral, ecological, and genetic diversity that allows them to address a variety of these questions.


Pathological Consequences," the other "Prostaglandins-an Experiment." The first was from authors in the Departments of Geodesy and Geophysics and of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Cambridge, describing the misuse by reprint-requesters of key words such as those in the title of their letter; the second was from me. In each case, the authors gave their previous experience as victims in the reprint game and made it quite clear that one object of their letter was to fool some of the culprits. In my case at least the results were as expected. Although the letter specifically asked the reader not to send for a reprint, more than 100 cards arrived as always, mostly from the USA. I submit that the only reprint request cards that should not be immediately thrown away are those from people you know to be interested or who may have difficulty in seeing the original and those bearing interesting postage stamps. V R PICKLES


Seeds of 'Ace 55' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 'Mary Wash- ington' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were primed in -0.8 MPa (20C, 1 week, dark) polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG), synthetic seawater (INO), or NaNO 3. Primed seeds of both species had a higher percentage of germination than untreated seeds only at 10C in nonsaline ( - 0.05 MPa) medium, while in saline medium ( - 0.6 MPa) priming increased the percentage of germination of tomato seeds at 10 and 30C, and of primed asparagus seeds at 10 and 20C. Sodium nitrate was superior to PEG or IN0 for priming tomato seeds since it resulted in fewer days to 50% germination and higher final germination percentage in saline media at all temperatures. IN0 was a satisfactory alternative to PEG or NaNO 3 for priming asparagus seeds since priming agent had little or no effect on germination. Seedling emergence from NaNO 3-primed seeds of both species sown in a seedbed provided saline (- 0.39 MPa) irrigation was faster than from untreated dry-sown seeds. In the saline seedbed, priming increased final emer- gence percentage (FEP) from asparagus seeds, provided they were not subsequently dried, but had no effect on the percentage emergence of tomato seeds. Fluid-drilling primed or germinated seeds of either species enhanced seedling establishment in the saline seedbed by reducing time to 50% emergence and/or increasing FEP relative to primed, dried-b&k or untreated seeds. Priming involves exposing seeds to an ex- ternal water potential low enough to restrict germination and yet permit pregerminative physiological and biochemical activities (Bradford, 1986). Commonly used priming agents include inorganic salts such as CaCl 2,


This study aimed to investigate the association between vasoactive‐inotropic score/inotropic score (VIS/IS) and short‐term outcomes in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery at a tertiary care center in an unselected pediatric population in China.


Abstract : The Monitor Performance Task has as an ongoing objective the accomplishment of research to meet a requirement of the U. S. Army Security Agency for improvement of work methods in several critical human factors areas in the Army's monitor system. The present publication reports on one segment of this research effort which deals with voice radio messages embedded in atmospheric noise. The study was conducted to explore the question of whether individuals show consistent differences in accuracy of transcription and whether any such differences are predictable by conventional measures. Voice-radio transcriber performance under low, medium, and high levels of atmospheric noise is analyzed. Prediction of performance by Army Classification Battery tests and effect of introduction of errors into transcript are examined. Pronounced individual differences in transcription were found, but differences were stable over time and across a broad range of noise intensity. Findings suggest the practicality of the use of a job sample performance measure and standardized sets of noise-masked messages as an approach to the selection problem. (Author)


What about English as a programming language? Few would question that this is a desirable goal. On the other hand, I dare say every one of us has rather deep reservations both about its feasibility and about a number of problems that it entails. This paper presents a point of view which gives some clarity to the relationship between English and programming languages. This point of view has found substance in an experimental system called DEACON. The second paper in this session will describe the specific DEACON system and its capabilities.


FEATURES OF THE GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING IN THE SCIATIC NERVES IN RATS WITH TOXIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY RELATED TO THE DRUG KOKARNIT


Article history: Received 23 April 2014 Accepted 5 June 2014 We study the transmission of random walkers through a finite-size inhomogeneous material with a quenched, long-range correlated distribution of scatterers. We focus on a finite one-dimensional structure where walkers undergo random collisions with a subset of sites distributed on deterministic (Cantor-like) or random positions, with Lévy spaced distances. Using scaling arguments, we consider stationary and time-dependent transmission and we provide predictions on the scaling behavior of particle current as a function of the sample size. We show that, even in absence of bias, for each single realization a non-zero drift can be present, due to the intrinsic asymmetry of each specific arrangement of the scattering sites. For finite systems, this average drift is particularly important for characterizing the transmission properties of individual samples. The predictions are tested against the numerical solution of the associated master equation. A comparison of different boundary conditions is given. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


This paper proposes a new method for identifying the industry credit risk based on Markov chain. Firstly, a new credit rating model for enterprises based on Projection Pursuit and optimal partition is constructed, and then a credit state space of enterprises is established. Secondly, through calculating the non-conditional probability, the one-step transfer probability matrix of industry is obtained. Finally, through calculating the k-step transfer probability matrix of industry, the industry credit risk is identified successfully. Taking the high-tech listed companies in China as samples, it is proved that the method proposed by this paper is feasible and effective.


CATHARE is a 2-fluid thermal-hydraulic system code, capable of simulating phenomena occurring in the primary and secondary circuits of a PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) under a wide variety of accidental situations. The latest version CATHARE-3 uses a 3D modeling of a PWR core at the assembly scale to simulate various accidental situations such as the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) or the steam line break accident. This requires that the one-phase and two-phase mixing models are adapted to the assembly scale and that every closure law is validated in a separate way. The code models for the 3D turbulent diffusion and dispersion of momentum and energy have been validated at sub-channel scale against experimental data. In this work, the energy and momentum mixing models are validated at assembly scale with the PNNL and the Weiss tests experimental results, respectively.


(1) Surface Hydrology and Erosion group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain, (2) Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg, (3) Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory (LaboRA), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, (4) Department of Geography, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain


H- and Y-type crosslinks formed in the benzophenone-photoinitiated crosslinking of various model compounds of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been observed and identified for the first time by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The quantitative studies show that both H- and Y-links are formed during the photo crosslinking of dodecane and their concentrations are almost the same; the yield of H-links in the crosslinked isooctane is slightly greater than that of Y-links; in contrast, Y-links are dominant for the crosslinked 1-hexene. These results further support the conclusions from the study of photo crosslinking of LDPE and give new experimental evidence for elucidating the mechanism of the photo crosslinking of LDPE.


With the background of the research about 3D CGIS and the visualization of 3D buildings ofcity, we have developeda DLLusing the AOwhich can automatize the generation of 3D-roof and texture of buildings in ArcGISwithVB,based on the COM interface.This DLL has strengthened the capability of visualizing 3D building of ArcGIS.


Objective To know the disinfection quality of child-care institutions in Tai'an City, find out the existing problems, and put forward the improvement measures, prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases. Methods Random sampling method was used to monitor the disinfection quality of child-care institutions in Tai'an City. Results 405 samples were collected, 250 samples were qualified, and the average pass rate was 61.73%. The qualification rate of monitoring projects from high to low were: the surfaces of objects(84.08%) tableware(83.33%) surfaces of staff hands(29.33%) indoor air(26.42%) the ultraviolet lamps(18.18%) drinking water(16.67%). In the indoor air, the total qualified rates of object surfaces, tableware in city were higher than in county; the qualified rate of indoor air in public kindergarten was highest, the qualified rate of object surfaces in local or street was highest, the qualified rate of staff's hands in private kindergarten was highest; the indoor air, object surfaces and the total qualified rate in kindergartens with number of children≥ 200 was the highest, qualified rate of tableware in kindergartens with 50-100 cases was the highest( P0.05). Conclusion The overall condition of disinfection quality in child-care institutions is not optimistic. The qualified rates of drinking water, ultraviolet lamps, indoor air and staff's hand hygiene are relatively low, which need focus in the future work about disinfection and strengthen supervision as a key object.


Abstract The process of energy loss of charged heavy particles in plasma has been discussed taking into consideration photon emissions by electrons of plasma during scattering as is necessitated by quantum electrodynamics. Although the range in general increases with temperature, it is found that the numerical formula of former treatment giving a range as T3/2 is not in general, obeyed. The range is susceptible to the initial energy as well as mass of the heavy particle as can be seen from the cases of alphas and reaction protons for DT, DD(→p + He3) and D He3 plasmas.


The word automobile is the French word for car which means mobile on its own and not pushed or pulled by animal force, but actual cars are still controlled by human drivers. The driverless car is a highly automated vehicle which can be used to transport people or goods but without a human driver. Such vehicles don't really exist at the time but (if and) when they will exist we shall have to change the vocabulary and may be to call them "robocars" or "cyber cars". Research in ITS laboratories and many emerging improvements proposed by car manufacturers in new generations of vehicles are oriented towards that objective. We analyze the present situation and try to anticipate what the future will be. Key-words: Intelligent vehicleEmbedded systemsADAS systems Generic prototyping tools Data fusionV2V & V2I Communications.


Abstract : This report summarizes the basic physical processes that occur before and during the catastrophic failure of aluminum alloy cartridge cases. These processes include: (1) the presence of a gas path such as that presented by a sidewall split wherein propellant gas can flow through the path and out of the weapon; (2) the presence of a highly energetic propellant gas which interacts with the aluminum in the gas path surface; (3) a primary vapor-phase reaction principally of CO2 and H2O (some of the propellant combustion products) with aluminum vapor from the gas path; and (4) a secondary oxidation of aluminum to aluminum oxide external to the gas path. Understandings gained by various experimental and theoretical programs have formed the basis for both developed and other possible engineering solutions to the burn-through problem.


Diploma thesis deals the issue of free time and its impact on juvenile delinquency. The first part deals with youth, basic concepts and its characteristics. In the second part is processed issues of free time, history, categorization and function of free time. The third chapter describes the juvenile delinquency. There is given the basic characteristics, etiology and its solution in terms of law. There is dismantled crime prevention. In the last section is described the implemented survey which focused on how young people spend leisure time activities in relation to youth crime.


This paper was first written in 2003 as part of a project led by the London Deanery to provide a web-based learning resource to support the educational development for clinical teachers. It was revised by Judy McKimm in 2007 with the introduction of the Deanery's new web-based learning package for clinical teachers. Each of the papers provides a summary and background reading on a core topic in clinical education.


A full self-consistent one-dimensional Schrodinger–Poisson model is reported in this article, which is specifically dedicated to the study of direct tunneling current through ultrathin gate oxide of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. The gate current is obtained by estimating the quasibound state lifetimes within the formalism of the formal reflection delay time of wave packets using the transfer-matrix method. As an alternative design to conventional MOS structures, two strategies are investigated in this work to scale oxide thickness in the sub 1.5 nm range while keeping an acceptable gate current leakage of some A/cm2. These include nitride/oxide stacked gate dielectrics used to increase the insulator thickness, and heterostructure MOS capacitors to confine electrons in a buried quantum well. Tensile strained Si1−yCy/Si and Si/Si1−xGex heterostructures that provide a convenient conduction band offset are proposed in this order. A conduction band offset of 0.19 eV is shown to yield nearly the s...


Purpose: The article deals with the principles of selection of factual material on the problem of fixing language invariants and variants.
Methodology: This is an analytic-dialectical research in which the data was obtained through the analysis of language and grammar in English texts.
Main Findings: As a result of using the system-object method of knowledge representation, a model for securing language variants is constructed. The UFO model of the organizational system can act as a network, production, and frame models. In conclusion, only the internal flows are of interest at the level of the function description, since the algebra of images of the theory of patterns and the theory of graphs are involved in external flows.
Applications: This article can be used by regional schools, cultural organizations and universities.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, a level model of language invariants and variants was developed and presented. Statistical accounting methods, linguistic and computer modeling methods were used on this model.


The degradation succession characteristics of alpine meadow on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were studied comprehensively from 2005 to 2012.The results indicated that the typical zonal vegetation on Qinghai-Tibaten Plateau was Gramineae and Kobresia humilis community.The degraded grassland in Guoluo of Qinghai Province was characterized with large-scale erosion of mattic epipedon in Kobresia pygmaea community and forbs-black soil.It was at the stage of succession from K.humilis to K.pygmaea community in Yushu of Qinghai Province.The alpine meadow successes from K.humilis to K.pygmaea community,or it remains the normal K.pygmaea community in the north part of Tibetan Plateau.The reduced excellent edible forage of Gramineae and Cyperaceae,and the increased forbs coverage were the main characteristic of alpine meadow degradation.Meanwhile,this degradation caused the increased soil compaction and the topsoil was more sensitive.The bulk densities of different layers in 0 to 10 cm,10 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm were increased by(0.50±0.08) g/m3,(0.16±0.07) g/m3 and(0.04±0.03) g/m3 respectively.Meanwhile,The soil organic matter content was greatly reduced by 19.3% to 53.2% and the reduction slowed down with the soil depth.


Hard coal mining industry in Poland is one of the biggest recipients of fly ashes produced by the power industry. They are used in the form of aqueous suspensions in various mining technologies on the basis of environmental and technical requirements defined in adequate regulations and standard PN/G-11011. The standard sets requirements for material samples after 28 days of seasoning. There is a lack of studies which evaluate properties of samples seasoned for a longer period of time, especially in natural conditions. The author received samples from 7 mines. The samples were excavated after a few years of staying underground. They were tested in the laboratory after adequate preparation. The test results are presented in the paper. 121


ISIS and the Pornography of Violence is an anthology of 39 of Cottee's news media articles analysing the (neo-)jihadist group, 'Islamic State' (IS), or 'Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham' (ISIS). The articles were published between 2014 and 2018, from IS's rise to prevalence with its announcement of the so-called Caliphate in 2014 to its more recent loss of territory in 2017–2018. The book's three thematic sections are 'ISIS and the theatre of horror' (pp. 1–37), 'The meaning and appeal of jihadist violence' (pp. 39–91) and 'How not to think about ISIS' (pp. 93–128). Sub-themes across the sections are theological aspects of IS as a 'revolutionary political movement', critique of the sometimes-alleged 'vulnerability' of IS recruits and emphasis on the limitations of structuralist and pathologizing explanations of IS terrorism (see 'Preface', p. x). Cottee's articles from The Atlantic, The Jerusalem Post, The Nation and elsewhere emphasize the culturalist, subterranean aspects of IS, with attention to its propagandized manifestations in mainly western settings. Cottee's focus in the articles also extends to social psychological drivers of IS violence, explained via the analogical comparison of IS propaganda with western pornography industries. The pornography–IS comparison pertains, first, to the extreme violence and 'sadism' extant in IS videos, culminating in the 'money shot' of IS executions (pp. 1, 2). Cottee otherwise argues that IS's acts of brutal and spectacular violence analogically resemble the performative and emotive dimensions of mediatized sexuality-associated rituals (p. 12). Also suggested is that IS's mediated exploitation of children is relatively unique within the wider field of jihadism, resembling child sexual exploitation insofar as it entails the targeting of children for both recruitment to violence and as its victims. For Cottee,


The internal conical refraction (CR) of light in biaxial crystals has attracted a renewed interest in recent years. This effect leads to a very specific transformation of light beams passed along one of the optical axes of a biaxial crystal [1–3]. When laser beam is focused through the crystal, a bright ring arises in the focal plane. Under certain conditions, this annular focus has a fine structure of two rings separated by a dark ring (the so-called Poggendorff rings). This CR pattern has a complex evolution upon propagation, where two axial intensity spikes are formed at some distances from the focal plane together with rich intermediate substructures. One of potentially interesting application fields, which has remained much less explored, is the use of the CR effect in nonlinear optics. In the present report, the generation of second harmonic (SH) with laser beams transformed by the CR effect is considered.


▪ Abstract A broadening research program focused on environment and security emerged over the past 30 years. But the meaning and operationalization of environment and security have been an implicit and increasingly explicit part of the scholarly debate. Approaches range from the more specific focus on the linkages between environmental change and violent (deadly) conflict, the possible role of environmental conservation, cooperation, and collaboration in promoting peace, and the broader focus on potential relationships between environmental change and human security (understood as freedom from both violent conflict and physical want). In addition to the different conceptions of environment and security, the type and direction of causal relationships among different factors continue to be a focus of research. With respect to the environment and violent conflict, which constitute the largest explicit research stream on environment and security, the debate has centered on whether and why environmental scarci...


Dropping words is a game that is used to make it easier for someone to learn vocabulary, this game is also used by all levels and ages because this game of dropping words is quite easy to play. The discussion of this research focuses on how much the increase in female students understanding by using dropping words education games in learning English vocabulary and to determine the effectiveness of dropping word education games on female students' mastery of English vocabulary at SMP Ibrahimy 2 Sukorejo. This research is a quantitative research using a quasi-experimental method. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The number of samples used as many as 25 respondents. The data in this study used a pre-test and post-test as well as a questionnaire which was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that first, the level of understanding of female students in the use of dropping word education games in learning English vocabulary can be seen from the final score (post-test) for the experimental group of 80.50 while the post-test of the control group is 67.17. Has a difference in the value of 13.33. Second, there is effectiveness in teaching vocabulary using dropping word education games to female students. This can be seen from the value of the t-test Pair 1 and Pair 2 obtained the value of Sig. of 0.000 < 0.05.


A large fraction of particles emanating from high-energy particle collisions are often decay products of primary higher-mass resonances. A clear understanding of the feed-down contributions to the ground state spectra and yields is crucial to the understanding of primary particle dynamics. Also, comparison of Ξ 0 (1530)/Ξ 0 (1530) ratios from p+p to central Au+Au may provide information on the evolution of the collision system between chemical and thermal freeze-out. We present the first measurement of the E°(1530) baryon resonance at RHIC in both p+p and d+Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Invariant mass distributions are shown to demonstrate signal quality and the analysis technique is described. Raw Ξ 0 (1530)/Ξ 0 (1530) ratios are presented and compared to the Ξ + /Ξ - ratios from both systems as a function of transverse momentum.