The axion is an hypothetical particle that has become a very serious candidate to explain the nature of cold dark matter. So far, no signal of axions has been found. Nonetheless, only some experiments have had the right sensitivity to probe the axion parameter space where it could explain the whole dark matter observed today the so called axion window and it is expected that a whole new generation will slowly start to dive into the window. Thus, it is expected during the following years, that either the axion is not found on that parameter space, or that a discovery is made. In the first case, it could happen that that mechanism of production of axions in the early universe is not well understood and new elements have to be considered. In the second case, a discovery will certainly teach us a lot about the first moments of the universe, allowing us to look before the epoch of nucleosynthesis. In this master's thesis we study the production of axion dark matter through the so-called misalignment mechanism by considering that during that time, the universe was dominated by a new kind of fluid, different than radiation. We perform a very detailed analysis of the oscillation temperature and the relic density today, both analytically and numerically. Our findings show that on the one hand, the oscillation temperature is strongly influenced by the non-standard cosmology, affecting the relic density, and on the other hand, the energy density of the axion gets diluted, because the new fluid eventually decays, injecting entropy into the thermal bath. We find the predicted parameter space of axion dark matter for different non-standard cosmologies and we show its impact on the coupling of axions to two photons. The manuscript is organized as follows, first, we review the standard cosmology and the concepts that will be needed for this thesis. Then, we briefly present the axion as a solution of the strong CP problem and show the non-thermal mechanism of producing axions in the early universe. Then we introduce the non-standard cosmology to be considered in this work, and we proceed to compute the relic density of axion dark matter assuming the oscillation of the field happens in the different possible stages of the new fluid dominance. As a summary of our findings, we show the impact of different non-standard cosmologies on the axion dark matter window and we compare them with the one from standard cosmology.


Disclosed is a Chinese traditional medicinal composition for treating psoriasis, wherein the constituents include Chinese angelica root, Ligusticum wallichii, ledebouriella root, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, radix paeoniae rubrathe, dried rehmannia root, Chinese dittany bark, cicada shell, mentha, Bupleurum root, Chinese dates, mother-of-pearl, dragon's bone, oyster shell, schisandra fruit and and tuber fleeceflower stem.


The Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health (COSMOS) study has repeatedly collected both self-reported and operator-recorded data on mobile phone use. Assessing health effects using self-reported information only is prone to measurement error, but operator data were available prospectively for only part of the study population and did not cover past mobile phone use. To optimize the available data and reduce bias, we evaluated different statistical approaches for constructing mobile phone exposure histories within COSMOS. We evaluated and compared the performance of complete case-analysis, different regression calibration methods, and multiple imputation in a simulation study with a binary health outcome. We used self-reported and operator-recorded mobile phone call data collected at baseline (2007-2012) from participants in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. Parameter estimates obtained using regression calibration methods were associated with less bias and lower mean squared error than those obtained with complete-case analysis or multiple-imputation. Our simulation study showed that regression calibration methods resulted in more accurate estimation of the relation between mobile phone use and health outcomes, by combining self-reported data with objective operator-recorded data available for a subset of the participants.


Training in increasing the competence of MGMP Chemistry teachers in 50 City Regencies in preparing students for the National Science Olympiad (OSN). The activity began with filling out a questionnaire for the readiness of the teachers in the learning process and pre-test to see the initial abilities of the MGMP Chemistry teachers in the City 50 District. After training in strengthening chemical materials and discussing HOTS questions in the fields of Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Biochemistry, a post test was conducted to evaluate the achievement of the objectives of the activity. From the questionnaire given at the beginning of the activity it can be concluded that in general the teachers were ready for learning even though they were not used to the HOTS questions of the Olympic type questions. This is directly proportional to the pre-test results with an average value of 3.625 (scale 10). After the training of the teachers there was a significant increase which was shown by the results of the post test with an average of 5.5 (scale 10). As an evaluation material, at the end of the activity the satisfaction questionnaire was distributed and the results obtained were an average of a questionnaire of 3.47 (scale 4). Generally teachers complain about the lack of training time so that the absorption of the material provided is quite low.


This study is about the solution to solve the problem - aging of fisheries worker and exodus of young adult from fisheries. We tried to find out internal improvements which are necessary for overcoming issues. After that, research about inducements and institutional improvements to drive internal improvements has done. and Current policies of Korea for securing workforce in fisheries were examined especially for Gyeongsangnam-do by literature investigation and survey The main purpose of this study is, problems of policy in order to secure Fisheries managers, identify practical obstacle and the activities and management activities performance of training education. and it is to provide evidence to policy improvement. To achieve the purpose of this study, conducted studies are as below. This study is to investigate the educational performance of Fisheries managers and its impact on their business performance using SEM and SEM-Moderate-effect. In terms of the amount of impact on business performance, the level of educational achievement and management activity outcomes had the most impact followed by excellence of educational condition and programs distinction. Therefore, in order to inspire the motivation for learning and communicate the importance of such education to Fisheries communities, there is a need to introduce a variety of methods, professional facilities. The purpose of this research is to define the problems of the Fisheries Census of Korea and to make better policies for improvement. In order to complete the purpose, the research team has firstly conducted a survey in the six regions to reinvestigate the yes or no for accuracy of the primary data related to the Fisheries Census. Moreover, the team has defined the problems of the Fisheries Census through conducting a survey for the experts and users of the fisheries statistics. Also, the team has derived the short/long term improvement of Fisheries Census through out this survey.


Knowledge transfer (KT) between higher education institutions (HEIs) and businesses is seen as a key element of innovation in knowledge-driven economies: HEIs generate knowledge that can be adopted in the regional economy. This process of valorization has been studied extensively, mainly with a focus on universities. In the Netherlands, there is a binary system of higher education comprising universities and the more practice-oriented colleges of higher education. From 2001 these colleges have played an increasingly important role in KT, which gives rise to the question of whether there are differences in the frequency and structure of KT involving universities and KT involving colleges. Colleges appear easier to access for SMEs, because of their focus on business practices. The interactions between universities and SMEs are more localized, suggesting the need for face-to-face interactions in those contacts. Furthermore, the results reiterate the importance of the absorptive capacity of firms and previously established contacts of entrepreneurs in explaining firm–HEI interaction.


This new approach employs different methods to estimate the edge and non-edge coefficients in the wavelet domain, separately. For the classification of the coefficients, the edge soft-judgement algorithm is introduced, which is according to both the gradient amplitude distribution and the calculation on the probability of the edge occurrence. When estimating the probability of the edge occurrence, a fast algorithm is educed. At last, the local-relation model is introduced to constrain the probability of the edge occurrence in scale-space to improve the estimation precision. Experimental results show that this new algorithm has a better performance and is easy to implement


Only in the past quarter of a century have the spores of ferns been used extensively in elucidating systematic relationships. Surprisingly, F. 0. Bower (1923-28) made but little use of spores. In his volume I, "Criteria of Comparison," there was no chapter on spores per se, and he devoted only a few pages to the subject (pp. 258-272). The trend toward utilizing spore structure was illustrated by Copeland (1947) who used them in characterizing the taxa in Genera Filicum. Since then there has been a veritable explosion in the interest in fern spores. The advent of more critical optical equipment, especially the scanning electron microscope, has provided a strong boost to palynological studies in general, especially at the level of species, varieties, and hybrids. For the investigation of spores taken from dried plants on herbarium sheets, the technique of using gummed tape, as described by Martin and Drew (1969), has proved to be especially valuable. Fern spores have actually been objects of study for well over a century, but many of the earlier papers are overlooked or ignored. Of course some represent only minor contributions, but one of them, the important article by E. Hannig (1911), pioneered the research on the development of the perispore and on the systematic significance of this, somewhat controversial, structure. (Alston's later [1956] application of data from the perispore to classification was long presaged by Hannig.) Among other notable early workers were Fischer (1892), Fischer von Waldheim (1864), and Tchistiakoff (1874), each of whom gave contributions to the knowledge of the morphology and development of fern spores. Studies of spores of ferns of given localities have been popular for many years. C. B. Weaver in 1895 made one of the earliest of such investigations, "A Comparative Study of the Spores of North American Ferns," in which he illustrated 59 species. In 1935, McVaugh made a similar study of ferns of northeastern United States. Reed's 1953 book on the species of Maryland and Delaware is notable for illustrating not only the plants but their spores as well. More recently, Oliver (1968) described the spores of ferns of Indiana, and Maloney (1961a, 1961b) those of Minnesota. In other parts of the world we have the works, for example, of Knox (1951) involving British ferns, Sladkov (1959a, 1959b, 1959c, 1961, 1968) on Russian ferns, and Sorsa (1964) on Scandinavian ferns. Especially valuable for the general systematist are the investigations of Selling in Hawaii (1944, 1946), Tschudy and Tschudy in Venezuela (1965), and in particular Harris's book


In the current work, the corrosion behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured using spark plasma sintering (SPS), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) techniques are comparably investigated using aircraft deicer (10% sulfamic acid cleaning solution, 10-SACS). The corrosion resistance of different Ti-6Al-4V samples is mainly characterized using electrochemical measurements and immersion tests. The traditional SPS Ti-6Al-4V alloy has a stronger corrosion resistance compared to the SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the one manufactured using the EBM technique is the most vulnerable among all samples tested. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the β-phase constitution fraction of SPS Ti-6Al-4V is 11.8%, while those of SLM and EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloys are 5.3% and 2.6%, respectively. The corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys against 10-SACS is found to be positively correlated to the β phase composition. In addition, a high density of coarse grain boundaries is also partially beneficial in improving the corrosion resistance in the SPS sample. This work paves a way for the practical application of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys to be used in harsh environments.


Traditional solutions for generating electricity from the tides, where tidal turbines are installed on the seabed, require high-end offshore installation vessels and do not allow for easy access for maintenance. The BlueTEC floating tidal energy platform has a different approach. It is a permanently moored platform which generates renewable electricity from tidal currents by holding a tidal turbine underneath. The BlueTEC Texel is the first prototype and serves as a demonstration platform and is being used for R&D testing purposes.


Julio Gea-Banacloche,* Ana María Rey, Guido Pupillo, Carl J. Williams, and Charles W. Clark Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center of Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA IQOQI of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Received 15 November 2004; published 9 January 2006


A novel multi-frequency vibration energy harvester has been designed and fabricated, which consists of two cantilever beams, two magnetoelectric (ME) transducers and a magnetic circuit. In the harvester, the magnetic forces between the ME transducers and the magnetic circuit will result in additional magnetic stiffness on the two cantilever beams, on which the frequency response of the harvester is highly dependent. In addition, the magnet circuit should provide the best magnetic field conditions for the ME transducers to obtain large ME conversion outputs. Therefore, in this article, a theoretical model is developed to analyze the effects of the structure parameters on the frequency response and the electrical-output for achieving the optimal vibration energy-harvesting performances. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The experimental results showed that, the harvester had a bandwidth of 5.6 Hz and a maximum average power value of 0.25 mW at an acceleration of 0.2 g (with g = 9.8 m/s2).


Though the analysis on the conditions of the occurrence of the gas accidents and on the present situation of the gas, this paper expounds the importance of strengthening the electromechanical management in the gas treatment, and advances four measures for strengthening the electromechanical management for preventing the gas accidents.


PURPOSE: Since there have been various operational problems such as sludge rising in conventional wastewater treatment plant using activated sludge, a submerged membrane bio reactor(MBR) aimed to replace conventional activated sludge treatment reactor has recently been developed and it is already being operated in commercial scales. However, the submerged membrane bio reactor could not avoid membrane clogging when membrane is directly adopted in conventional activated sludge treatment plant. Because suspended solids are sticky enough to cause membrane clogging and tend to flocculate into larger one, which require frequent backwashing to compensate decreased wastewater permeability. To solve abovementioned problems, this invention used granular activated sludge in membrane bio reactor. CONSTITUTION: Both raw wastewater(1) and compressed air(2) enter a first aeration basin(3) where granular activated sludge returned(9) from a membrane bio-reactor is crushed by compressed air vortex. Herein, the granular activated carbon is returned because filamentous microorganisms, in case granular activated carbon remains long in membrane bioreactor(6), are likely to appear within the reactor due to lacks of dissolved oxygen. Then, mixed liquor suspended solids supplied with abundant dissolved air enters a membrane bioreactor passing through perforated pipe(5). In the membrane bioreactor, activated sludge comes into contact with each other by hydraulic force of MLSS and submerged agitators(7) and it is thus granulated as microorganisms are flocculated by being crosslinked each other. Once granular activated sludge occupies the bioreactor, the sludge volume index(SVI) decreases up to 1/3 compared with conventional activated sludge treatment.


Background Data The p53 gene is commonly mutated in human cancers, and a p53 mutation is reported to be present in more than 50% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Although many studies have investigated the frequency of p53 protein overexpression in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, few studies have assessed the frequency and clinical significance of p53 mutations in these tumors. In particular, the prognostic importance of p53 mutation is uncertain. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and cardia share many epidemiologic and pathologic features, but it is controversial whether they represent the same tumor. A comparison of the frequency and spectrum of mutations in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and cardia would test whether these tumors are also similar at the molecular level.


Recent work suggests that a sharp definition of `phase of matter' can be given for some quantum systems out of equilibrium---first for many-body localized systems with time independent Hamiltonians and more recently for periodically driven or Floquet localized systems. In this work we propose a classification of the finite abelian symmetry protected phases of interacting Floquet localized systems in one dimension. We find that the different Floquet phases correspond to elements of $\text{Cl}\times\mathcal{A}_G$, where $\text{Cl}$ is the undriven interacting classification, and $\mathcal{A}_G$ is a set of (twisted) 1d representations of $G$. We will address symmetry broken phases in a subsequent paper.


The phenomenon of teaching English and Indonesian language, especially in North Sulawesi, as a second language overlaps, where some argue that teaching Indonesian language should come first so that children will not forget Indonesian language or, in other words, children will master their national language. In this study, the method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The sample used as respondents by the researcher is parents in North Sulawesi who have children who can speak English and Indonesian, in addition, to their mother tongue (Manado language/Regional language), and the respondents consisted of 10 parents. The researcher used questionnaires to gather parents' perceptions of whether the children should be taught English or Indonesian Language first. However, some people think teaching English is very important because mastering English as an international language is necessary. English is suitable for children as their second language, but teaching Indonesian language as the national language is also very important. Therefore teaching between these two languages must be balanced so that it does not only English that can be mastered by children or not only Indonesian language.


The micropolar body with an additional microscopic degree of freedom (DOF) can diversely extend the deformability by modeling the rotational material point instead of the classical rigid one. It contains three DOFs at any point in addition to the macroscopic three DOFs. Based on totally 6 DOFs, two kinds of strain tensors, which total number of components reaches 18, are defined and the conjugate stress and couple stress tensors are obtained via the constitutive laws. In order to make clear of the macroscopic nonlocal elastic properties of micropolar body, two-scale homogenization method based on such microcontinuum theories has been formulated in the finite element method. The orthogonal and oblique lattice framework structures consisting of micropolar beams are analyzed to summarize the size dependence of unit cell. The framework structure consisting of beams, which deformation is expressed by the angle of deflection as well as the deflection, is strongly affected by the surrounding deformation state. Therefore, the beam has been recognized as a pseudo model of nonlocality. The results point out some noticeable facts. First, even if the microscopic framework structure doesn't have any nonlocality, that is, it just contains the conventional local elastic constants, the nonlocal elastic constants of the homogenized macroscopic body exist because the rotation DOF in the microcontinuum is the same dimension as the angle of deflection in beam. Also, the micropolar body clearly illustrates the size effect for the different size of unit cell with providing the micrometer sized characteristic length.


This article aims to examine gender conflict as a biosociological phenomenon, with a focus on its causes and consequences in contemporary society. Methodologically, our study is based on the concept of biosociology as developed by Val. A. Lukov. It looks for potential transformations within society via accumulating a critical mass of biological, intellectual and sociocultural change. We rely on the biosocial principle of building intergender relations within the pyramid of power. Our objectives included studying the forms the relations between genders take among the young, as it is youth and youth participation processes which determine the future. The article presents the outcomes of an empirical study (2013-2014) which examined contemporary gender conflict through the eyes of youth, by analyzing the claims and counterclaims made by young men and women in a specific social and historical situation. We have interpreted the study outcomes by means of a new concept of a gender behavioral code, which consists of biological and social elements, and defines the behavior and discourse of its participants. Another guiding idea is found in the principle that human behavior is motivated by biological and social expedience. Our analysis of the empirical data obtained in the study of everyday practices of intergender communication of student youth shows that the main issue contributing to the gender conflict was biosocial dysfunction of "gender blurring", a cognitive dissonance from the upending of gender hierarchies.  We show that gender conflict is real and increasingly acute. We also look at the institutional, interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts it comprises, as well as at their causes, focusing on the rise of uncontrollable aggression as a social risk factor linked to gender conflict.


Parody is not only a rhetorical device but also a cognitive activity.From the perspective of cognition,the process in which how parody's conceptual blending produces is interpreted by Conceptua1 Blending Theory as well as Relevance Theory.This process involves at least four mental spaces which function together.The two input spaces are parody and the origin which have the relation of projection mapping.Cognitive contexts promote the different concepts in the input spaces to produce optimal relevance,which is like the generic space in Conceptua1 Blending Theory.Through reasoning,input spaces interact and produce the blending.In the cognitive contexts,through a series of cognitive mechanics such as composition,completion and elaboration,eventually emergent structure peculiar to blended space,the meaning of parody is produced.


When considering about the particle "ni" and "de" in Japanese language, normally they are used to indicate the places in sentences. Although the particles "ni" and "de" have differences, there are instances which they occur in the same place. Therefore non-native speakers face difficulties when using the particles "ni" and "de" in Japanese language. That is because most of the students have been basically taught to use "ni" with the verbs "iru"(there is) , "aru"(there is) while "de" is taught to be used with places. But there are exceptions for these two theories. For an example, when translating the sentence "He bought a land in Tokyo" it will express two different meanings with particle "ni" and "de". Also native Sinhala speakers are get confused in using particle "ni" with the dative case "ta" in Sinhala language. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the above mentioned differences in the use of the particle "ni" and "de".


The minority‐carrier lifetime of polycrystalline CdTe has been measured for a variety of samples produced by two different growth techniques. The CdS/CdTe solar cell structures were either grown by a proprietary spray technique at Photon Energy, Inc. or by close‐spaced sublimation at the University of South Florida. The photoluminescence decay lifetime is investigated as a function of grain size, excess carrier density, and temperature. Results are consistent with carrier recombination at grain boundaries, indicate some defects act as traps, and show relatively high efficiency solar cells can be made from material exhibiting sub‐nanosecond lifetimes.


Reducing the stigma of mental illness, increasing knowledge about mental health and improving help-seeking for mental health problems are essential areas of change targeted by mental health promotion interventions. A school-based programme aimed specifically at these areas is the Mental Illness Education programme, where people who have experience of mental illness give an interactive presentation to high school class groups. This article reports an evaluation of the Mental Illness Education programme (MIE) as implemented in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Using a case control design, 457 high school students were tested by self-report questionnaire before and after participation in the MIE-ACT programme. The results showed that the programme had a strong impact on increasing knowledge and a moderate impact on reducing stigma, but a weak impact on changing help-seeking intentions. Overall, the evaluation of the programme was positive, although areas of continuing challenge are identified.


OBJECTIVE
To study the antagonistic joint action of vitamin E (VE) lipid peroxidation of testis in the male rats with carbon disulfide (CS2).

METHODS
36 wistar male rats were randomly dicided into six groups. It took 10-week for the rats to breath CS2 in different concentrations (0, 50, 250 and 1250 mg/m3), respectively, CS2 (1250 mg/m3) with VE (250 mg/kg diet) and VE (250 mg/kg diet) group. After 10-week treatment, rats were killed and the following parameters of lipid peroxidation in testis were determined:SOD, MDA, GST, GSH, GSH-px, NO, NOS and iNOS.

RESULTS
Compare with the control group, SOD, GST, GSH-px, NOS and iNOS activity were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), GSH, NO content decreased also, MDA content was increased (P < 0.01). After the antioxidant VE treatmented, the parameters were significantly increased (the amount of MDA was decreased).

CONCLUSION
The antioxidant VE significantly protects against on lipid peroxidation in testes of male rats with CS2.


We discuss the current status of the anomaly in beryllium-8 nuclear transitions recently reported in the angular distribution of internal conversion electron-positron pairs. We present a phenomenological analysis of the signal and review the models proposed to explain it, focusing on those involving a new light protophobic vector gauge boson. We also elaborate on the prospects of verifying the anomaly in present and future experiments.


Compared to small molecule drugs, peptide therapeutics provides greater efficacy, selectivity, and safety. The intrinsic disadvantages of peptides are their sensitivity to proteases. To overcome this, we have developed a general computational strategy for de novo design of protein binding helical d‐peptides. A d‐helical fragment library was established and used in generating flexible d‐helical conformations, which were then used to generate suitable sequences with the required structural and binding properties. Using this strategy, we successfully de novo designed d‐helical peptides that bind to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), inhibit TNFα‐TNFR1 binding, reduce TNFα activity in cellular assays, and are stable against protease digestion. Our strategy of helical d‐peptide design is generally applicable for discovering d‐peptide modulators against protein–protein interactions.


For virtually every letter of the alphabet there is a diet book and the numbers are growing. It is becoming increasingly difficult for consumers to make sound choices among the various weight loss books with conflicting weight loss approaches. Embattled by the burden of escalating rates of obesity and limited successes with achieving long term weight loss in a slimness-revered society many consumers opt for the diet that is receiving the most media coverage and word of mouth promos at the time. This article presents a rubric for evaluating weight loss diet books to reduce the likelihood that nutritional, health, and economic status will be compromised by such unreliable decision-making. The criteria of the rubric—nutritional adequacy, balance, calorie control, disease prevention, and economic affordability (A, B, C, D, E) are simple and familiar enough for most consumers to grasp and apply with minimal guidance from nutrition professionals or paraprofessionals.


What are the Normal Consequences of Aging?
Too often the medical community lends a deaf ear to patients who have vague complaints of adverse reactions to prescribed medications. In no population is this more common than in the treatment of the elderly. How can we comprehend this skepticism? One bias may be due to the tremendous attention given to the normal aging process and the knowledge that as one gets older we tend to heal slower, ache more and find ourselves associated with a decline in various physiological and cognitive functioning. Because of our defensive nature of doubting that our recommendations of therapy could actually be associated with a decline in various bodily functionings.


Health professionals play a critical role in responding to the health consequences of domestic and family violence (DFV). However, health professional women themselves experience high rates of DFV and there is scant evidence underpinning hospital workplace responses. The aim of this
 Australian research was to explore the views of survivor health professional women and their managers about the role of the hospital workplace in responding to survivor staff. A 'combined methodological approach' encompassed open-ended survey questions to survivor health professionals
 about workplace experiences and support needs. Managers participated in an interview about the employment response. Thematic analysis of survivor staff (n=93) and manager (n=18) data identified three themes: (a) Understand that DFV affects staff, (b) Support for staff
 is essential and (c) Challenges of establishing a safe workplace. Survivors wanted understanding about how trauma had affected them, and managers recognised that staff were exposed to potentially triggering patient narratives of abuse. Both groups believed that formal resources
 and support were essential, including managers trained to respond sensitively to disclosures of DFV. However, challenges to creating an environment where staff felt emotionally and physically safe were identified. A trauma and violence informed hospital response could promote recovery for
 survivor staff and patients.


ABSTRACT We consider polynomial identities of group algebras over a field F of characteristic zero. We prove that any PI group algebra satisfies the same identities as a matrix algebra M n (F ), where n is the maximal degree of finite dimensional representations of the group over algebraic extensions of F.


English Learners (ELs) often face school environments dominated by White, English speaking values, history, and education practices. This qualitative action research study focuses on the third space development for ELs, all Latin@ students, in a high school mainstream English Language Arts classroom. The study's primary focus was how third space could be improved in a high school classroom through teacher facilitation of critical interaction. The data was collected through video observation, student interviews, and teacher reflective journals. The study grew to examine third space throughout the school community in various classrooms using the insights and reflections of the students in the English language classroom, the high school teacher, and a teacher educator.  Through the analysis, we found that teachers have abiltiy to actively pursue and facilitate third space, even in a school context that cannot be equal.


In this paper, the damage caused by C ion irradiation on AlGaAs/InGaAs HEMT was investigated. The projection ranges of C ions with varying energies in AlGaAs and InGaAs materials were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, simulations were conducted to study the radiation-induced damage caused by 50 keV, 70 keV, and 100 keV C ions incident on the basic structure of the AlGaAs/InGaAs heterojunction.The results showed that when using 70 keV energy for C ions, a higher number of vacancy defects were generated. Based on these findings, the influence of defects introduced by different irradiation doses of 70 keV C ions on the DC and RF characteristics of the device was analyzed.


The presence of mobile phones on a freeway can be exploited to provide information on the traffic behavior. To this end, an extension of a standard freeway macroscopic model is presented that allows to describe the dynamic of the overall cars, together with variables representing the percentage of communicating mobile phones. A freeway trunk is divided into sections, each covered by a cell of the wireless network and associated with state variables describing density of vehicles, mean velocity, and percentage of active mobile phones. The measurements of mobile phone densities in the various cells of the network are used to estimate these state variables using an extended Kalman filter. A complex simulation set-up has been developed for the purpose of validation. Simulation results are reported to show the effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach.


Intense training regimes are practiced across military facilities to develop soldiers' mental and physical abilities to meet the demands of modern-day warfare. Two short-duration military runs through the jungle and flat natural tracks were selected to quantify their mental and physiological workloads and explore track-specific differences. Two groups of healthy Indian soldiers (n=43 and 30; similar age, height, and weight) participated in time-bound 2.4 km runs on the jungle and flat natural tracks. Physiological variables, speed, and elevation with environmental parameters like temperature and humidity were recorded throughout the exercises. Subjective responses through NASA-TLX questionnaires were collected after the exercises. Mann-Whitney 'U' test was applied to find out the level of significance between groups.Physiological demands of runs on the jungle and flat natural track were similar (heart rate- 178.9 and 178.4 b/min; breathing rate- 42.0 and 46.6 breaths/min respectively; body temperature- 37.6℃ for both groups). The run on the jungle track needed a lower peak acceleration of 2.5 g (2.9 g on the flat track) and a higher variation in speed (4-16 knots). Participants expressed significantly high responses after the run on the jungle track. Run on the jungle track was physically intense, required adjustments in speed and acceleration to negotiate with the natural obstacles like uneven terrain and slippery surfaces. Besides this, environmental heat and higher humidity probably led to an increase in mental workload. The run on the flat natural track needed steady physical effort, fewer mechanical adjustments, and showed lower subjective responses.


This paper introduced the zinc hydrometallurgical technology,wastes treatment and environmental protection investigation of zinc hydrometallurgical proconstruct project in our country.


System of the people's supervisor is meaningful for ensuring that prosecutorial organizations implement "duty for the public and law enforcement for people" in the course of investigating crimes by taking advantage of duty,improve investigational level and working quality of case handling.But,beacuse of the false idea,logic and value,which causes system of the people's supervisor in a predicament and impedes outside supervision development.So,we should readjust methodology is to rationalize,deepen and naturalize system of the people's supervisor.


A new innovative fog production device has been developed in close cooperation with partners of a European project called "FOG" funded by the EU. It is set up in the fog chamber of the road and bridges laboratory at Clermont-Ferrand. Most of the activities of this laboratory are dedicated to road safety but the facility is open to any other activity, such as environmental research. The recent developments consist in setting up a controllable device able to produce stable visibility levels and homogeneous fog, representative of various types of natural water droplet distribution. The fog characteristics were determined and compared to natural fog. Results are presented for a selection of conditions including stabilized visibility levels for dense fog, less than 50 metres meteorological visibility and two kinds of droplet distribution.


Kim Katrin Milan describes her approach to curating in inclusive ways that include artists of various abilities and backgrounds. Speaking to the lack of diversity in Canadian theatre, she shares her perspectives on the history and evolution of Insatiable Sisters' one-night super-cabaret at Buddies in Bad Times Theatre. Gein Wong discusses the need to shift the landscape by creating a reality where Canadian theatre is consistently grounded in equity. Using previous productions she has co-curated and directed as examples, Gein urgently brings to the forefront the benefits behind recognizing and supporting the ongoing efforts of womyn and trans folks who are intentionally creating space in theatre.


We present a generalized method for calculating phase matching conditions in biaxial crystals, especially in nonlinear monoclinic and triclinic crystals. Exploiting the angle definition introduced by Japanese mathematician Kodaira Kunihiko, we deduce the angular relations in geometry and obtain the expressions of refractive indices depending on angular orientation of wave vector k and optical axis angle. Then we calculate the phase matching parameters with bismuth borate BiB3O6 (BIBO) crystal in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process for the type I and type II. On its basis, we discuss the angular gradients of the pump and emission wave refractive index near the exact phase matching direction, and compare the SPDC with double frequency process in geometrical relations of the refractive index ellipsoids. It indicates the anisotropic structures of nonlinear crystals making a capability of filtering effect, and the nonzero linear mismatch described by refractive index angular gradients can be used to estimate the beam width in crystal. This method is convenient to calculate the phase matching parameters in orthorhombic crystals without solving the quadratic Fresnel equations.


Effect of geometrical parameters including core separation between two fused fibers and coupling length on output characteristics of 2×2 single mode fiber (SMF) coupler at 1550nm band is studied. Simulations are carried out by using BPM CAD software. The simulation data is then used to manufacture 2×2 SMF coupler. Parameters are optimized to achieve 50∶50 coupling ratio. The error in measured results between both simulation and manufactured coupler is addressed. Further, the simulations and fabrication of 2×2 SM coupler are carried out on two different single mode fibers with different Mode Field Diameter (MFD).


The "Pi of the Sky" system was initially created for searching of optical partners of gamma ray bursts [5,7]. The system is located in Chile and consists of two CCD cameras on a common mounting base [1]. Currently, it performs various astronomical observations [1,5,7,8]. Among others, system also records passages of satellites and fragments of Earth's artificial satellites, so called "space debris". Since now, this kind of data was identify as a disturbing transient signal and team members usually focus on identify and eliminating it. Handle of this problem is especially important, because software algorithm which search for optical companion of gamma ray bursts focus on transient phenomena events. On the other hand, comparison of the "Pi of the Sky" system parameters with different facilities which are used for space debris searching and monitoring shows, that its properties are similar to some of those systems. It means, that it should be possible, to obtain valuable data of artificial satellites motion analyzing "Pi of the Sky" data. Moreover, expected in the near future system upgraded to 6 small telescopes equipped totally with 24 CCD detectors system [1] will cover a major part of the sky (field of view of each detector equals 20 x 20 degrees) which gives possibility of visual measurements objects up to 16 magnitude. It will be an unusual advantage in the field of system categories with that size. In the paper, we would like to shortly describe a space debris community activities, present properties of selected systems which are using for space debris surveys and finally examples of observational data will be presented.


The weighting filter is the key part to improve the accuracy of UIE/IEC flickermeter. The lamp response, which depends on specific lamp type, is an important part of the weighting filter. To improve the weighting filter, the lamp response model of different types of lamps should be used. A useful and simple mathematical lamp model built by system identification methods is presented in this paper. This model is derived from the measurement data without consideration of physical characteristics inside lamps. This model can be used for different lamp types with different parameter set. Thus, the measurement accuracy of the weighting filter and the flickermeter could be improved.


The digestive tract of the black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli is composed of esophagus, stomach, intestine, anus and four or five pyloric caeca. Pyloric caecum is a blind sac in shape and originated from pyloric portion of the stomach. Relative length of But (RLG), that is length of digestive tract to standard length, is 1.04 (n=10). Histological layer of the digestive tract is composed of serous membrane, muscular layer, undeveloped submucosal layer and mucosal layer. The mucosal folds of the esophagus are regular branched form, Esophageal muscularis mucosae is well-developed. Mucosal epithelial layer is composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium and mucous secretory cell. Microvilli are absent in the free surface of mucosal epithelium. The mucosal folds of the stomach are regular unbranched form. The stomach has a well-developed muscular layer and muscularis mucosae. Microvilli are present in the free surface of mucosal surface epithelium. The fundic portion of the stomach have a well-developed gastric gland and more numerous secretory granules than the other parts. The mucosal folds of the pyloric caeca and the intestine are irregular branched form, Intestine is divided into the anterior, mid and posterior intestines with length of mucosal folds and histological features, Posterior intestine has a more developed striated border and goblet cells than the other parts. Mid intestine has a more abundant absorptive cells than the other parts in the intestine and pyloric caeca.


"Gifts to Hospital" details the donations to Gosford District Hospital from members of the community. THese include Mr Vernon Wright, East Gosford Progress Association, Wyong Rotary, Woy Woy District Nursing Association, A Riding District Nursing Association and The Entrance Lions Club. Mr Neville Boyce (CEO of Gosford District Hospital) says the donation enable the hospital to buy essential items quickly when funds are not available. Hospital Auxiliaries from Hardy's Bay-Killcare, Wyong and Buff Point all raised money for the District Nursing Service.


Recommender systems in social networking sites make users of these sites aware of various resources and people that otherwise they may have missed. In Personal Learning Networks, recommendation is used to create new connections by creating opportunities for interaction and conversation between learners. This article describes the outcomes of a workshop held at the PLE Conference 2013 on the design of recommender systems and on the concepts that determine how they work.


The thalamic afferents to two areas of the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex in the cat were studied by using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections were localized retinotopically with electro‐physiological recording. The posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (PMLS) of Palmer et al. (78) receives afferents from the pulvinar (P), the posterior nucleus of Rioch (PN), the C‐laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and the centrolateral (CL), lateral posterior (LP), medial interlaminar (MIN) nuclei. The anteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (AMLS) receives affer‐ents from CL, P, LP, PN, MIN, and probably from the posterior nuclear group (PO), and the lateral dorsal (LD) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei.


In this paper, puts forward a kind of video forensic method based on the source of authenticity and integrity using hash computation and multiple digital watermarking. The research including two parts, the first is the design of hash algorithm and multiple digital watermarking methods, the second is video sources of authenticity and integrity of judgment. Using hash value consistency to ensure the authenticity of the video data, using multiple digital watermarking methods to verify the integrity of the video file is an effective method for video forensics.


We consider sample of inclusive {gamma} + 3 jet events collected by the D0 experiment. The double parton fraction (f{sub DP}) and effective cross section {sigma}{sub eff}, a process-independent scale parameter related to the parton density inside the nucleon, are measured in three intervals of the second (ordered in p{sub T}) jet transverse momentum p{sub T}{sup jet2} within the 15 {le} p{sub T}{sup jet2} {le} 30 GeV range. Also we measured cross sections as a function of the angle in the plane transverse to the beam direction between the transverse momentum (p{sub T}) of the {gamma} + leading jet system and p{sub T} of the other jet for {gamma} + 2 jet, or p{sub T} sum of the two other jets for {gamma} + 3 jet events. The results are compared to different models of multiple parton interactions (MPI) in the PYTHIA and SHERPA Monte Carlo (MC) generators.


Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An effective targeting strategy is needed for appropriate antibiotic prescriptions for GAS sore throat. Objective: This study aimed to assess different clinical variables that can guide management of acute sore throat in children. Methods: A diagnostic cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 children, aged ≥ 3 years ,with acute sore throat attending two primary care clinics in Cairo, Egypt. Demographic information, clinical data and throat swabs were collected from the patients after consent from the parents. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.8 years and almost half of them were males, and had on average 3 attacks of sore throat per year. Out of the 225 children 64 (28.4%) had positive GAS cultures and 183 (81.3%) received antibiotics. Of the 183 who received antibiotics, 128 (69.9%) had cultures negative for group A Streptococcus. There was little difference between those with and without GAS for commonly assessed clinical variables such as the absence of cough. The absence of skin rash was the only variable that was statistically significant (92% and 98% respectively, p<0.05) Conclusion: Clinical variables associated with acute sore throat in Egyptian children cannot accurately diagnose GAS throat infection.


BACKGROUND: A relatively high number of users is dissatisfied with their orthopaedic device. The term 'user practice' was introduced to emphasise the idea that users of orthopaedic devices perform activities within an environment, which are characteristic for that environment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate to what extend orthopaedic shoe engineers map the specific environments in which users live and the activities they perform within these environments during the first intake for custom made orthopaedic footwear. METHODS: Orthopaedic shoe engineers were recruited from orthopaedic service providers across The Netherlands. The intake with a new client for orthopaedic footwear was recorded and analysed using four user environments: daily life at home, transport, work, and leisure. RESULTS: Our study showed that orthopaedic shoe engineers cover at best less than 50% of activities within the four user environments. Consequently, there is no guarantee that the resulting design of the orthopaedic footwear fits all of the activities and environments of the users. CONCLUSIONS: The principles of user practices, consisting of specific environments and activities of the user, are not yet adequately used in the field of orthopaedic shoe engineering. By not using them, too little understanding of the life of the user can result in dissatisfaction and non-usage of the orthopaedic device.


1. Introduction 2. Norms of word meaning litigation 3. The Nature of the Dynamic Lexicon 4. Meaning Underdetermination, Logic, and Vagueness 5. Consequences for Analytic Philosophy 6. Metaphor and Beyond Bibliography Index


Abstract Evaluating the impact performance of resistance spot welded joints in advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is critical for their continued integration into the automotive architecture. The effect of strain rate on the joint strength and failure mode is an important consideration in the design of welded structures. Recent results suggest that the failure mode is dependent upon the strength, chemistry, and processing of AHSS. Current literature, however, does not explain the effects of weld microstructure and a comprehensive comparison has yet to be conducted. The present study details the fracture paths within the joint microstructure of spot welded AHSS, including dual phase (DP), transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) and ferritic–bainitic (FB), in comparison to new high strength low alloy steels. Quasi-static and impact tests were conducted using a universal tensile tester and an instrumented drop tower respectively. Results for elongation, failure load and energy absorption for each material are presented. Failure modes were detailed by observing weld fracture surfaces. In addition, cross-sections of partially fractured weldments were examined to detail fracture paths during static loading. Correlations between the fracture path and mechanical properties were developed using observed microstructures in the fusion zone and heat affected zone. Results showed that good impact performance was obtained in DP780 and TRIP780 grades in relation to DP600, 590R and conventional high strength low alloy.


This work first discusses the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)-oriented dynamic and static Information Acquisition Models (IAMs) and explains the information collection mechanism of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based ITS. The goal is to improve travel conditions and contribute to a better urban environment. In order to do so, the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) is introduced to extract the IoT-based ITS's electronic data features. It is observed that the Faster R-CNN has excellent recall and accuracy in extracting the features from the ITS electronic data sets. Specifically, the Faster R-CNN's average recall and accuracy reach 83.89% and 86.79%. The accuracy is 6.20% higher than the R-CNN method. Thus, the Faster R-CNN algorithm features more robust and reliable performance for collecting and analyzing ITS data. Overall, this work examines ITS-oriented electronic information collection and automatic detection against the technological background of applying Computer Vision, Deep Learning, and IoT in urban traffic management. In particular, it explains the IoT-based ITS's electronic information collection mechanism under Deep Learning (Faster R-CNN). The finding offers a theoretical foundation for implementing Deep Learning technologies in collecting ITS-oriented big data and smart city construction.


the wireless sensor technology application range is very wide,through the network router's data transmission function,can collect data of wireless sensor transmission,so as to realize the various functions.This paper studies the wireless sensor technology network router port design characteristics,and the port of design that need to be aware of key and difficulty of the analysis,and based on this,the practical application of demand,put forward some assumptions.


There has been a lot of interest in adaptive symbolic and neural agents for different tasks, for instance speech/language integration and image/text integration in various multimedia applications. Hybrid neural symbolic methods have been shown to be able to reach a level where they can actually be further developed in real-world scenarios. A combination of symbolic and neural agents is possible in various neural symbolic processing architectures, which contain both symbolic and neural agents appropriate for to a specific task, e.g. integrating speech, text and images for multimedia. We concentrate on general principles of neural and hybrid architectures for multimedia in general. From the perspective of knowledge engineering, hybrid symbolic/neural agents are advantageous since different mutually complementary properties can be combined. Symbolic representations have advantages with respect to easy interpretation, explicit control, fast initial coding, dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction. On the other hand, neural agents show advantages for gradual analog plausibility, learning, robust fault-tolerant processing, and generalization to similar input. Since these advantages are mutually complementary, a hybrid symbolic neural architecture can be useful if different processing strategies have to be supported. (4 pages)


The population of Gyps vultures crashed at an alarming rate in India, from 85% since 1985-86 to 0% in 1997-99. There are sporadic records of sightings, wild breeding and captive breeding of Gyps and Neophron Vultures from 2005 to 2010 from various parts of India. We noticed continued, uninterrupted successful nesting of Oriental White-rumped Vultures Gyps bengalensis in their natural habitats in Raigad District, Maharashtra from 2004 to 2011. Their breeding population steadily increased from 10 pairs in 2004-2005 to 22 pairs in 2010-2011 and the nesting success steadily increased from 30% in 2004-2005 to 70% in 2010-2011. We feel that the naturally breeding populations are a must for successful re-introduction of the juvenile captive-bred vultures in the wild, and both in situ and ex situ breeding of vultures should be coordinated till the vulture population increases to an acceptable level and stabilizes in the Indian subcontinent. Identification of natural active nest sites is the foremost requirement for safeguarding the breeding of the Oriental White-rumped Vultures in private land by winning peoples participation.


could delineate Cushing's character and characteristics quite as well as has Cushing himself. The reader may well wish that more of such material had been included. The book is singularly free of observable technical errors, the most significant one is the statement on page 88 where we find that Cushing sailed from Boston on the 30th of June to arrive (says Cushing) "in Liverpool harbor on June 1 1." It is to be noted that the author ends his preface with a quotation, a very happily expressed quotation, which appeared in print in 1924 and are the words with which Harvey Cushing closed his preface to the Life of Sir William Os/er. Harey Cushing, a Biography appears as Publication No. 13 from the Historical Library of the Yale Medical Library. In connection with the recognition of the centennial of surgical anesthesia it is quite fitting that there should appear a reprint of Morton's Memoir. one of the central figures in the involved controversy following the early use of ether, saw fit to send a letter to the Academy of Sciences at Paris in the fall of 1847. In this letter are to be found much of the intimate detail which led to his application of the ether technique, and a general statement of his relationship to 'both Jackson and Wells which adds force to Morton's claims. So far as is known this letter has not heretofore been separately reprinted and here appears as Publication No. 14 from the Historical Library of the Yale Medical Library. This annotated catalogue is Publication No. 15 from the Historical Library of the Yale Medical Library and is, in effect, just what any catalogue of this nature is supposed to be. It cannot fail to be of interest to the historian or to the surgeon who is interested in the early years of the development of anesthesia or even in the heated controversies which characterize the writing of the period. It has a further value in that it lists the present holdings of the Historical Library in the field of early surgical anesthesia as exhibited at the Yale Medical Library, October 1946.


Face-gear lubrication characteristic is a important indicator to estimate the scuffing load capacity. In this paper, the model of face-gear loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) was established, and the load distribution among tooth were calculated, then the entrainment velocity and contact stress calculation equations of face-gear drives were derived. On this basis, face-gear Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) dimensionless equations were established. Using the multi-grid algorithm to complete the solution of minimum film thickness and film pressure of face-gear drives. Through the calculation example, lubricant film thickness and film pressure variation in the meshing cycle were expresented. It provideds the technical basis for calculation of scuffing load capacity of face-gear.


Introduction: Interaction of environmental and genetic elements plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of CML and other types of cancer. CYP 3A5 is enzyme responsible of metabolizing of approximately 50 % of therapeutic drugs and xenobiotics. So polymorphism variation may genetically predispose individuals to CML.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine CYP3A5*3 Polymorphism among Sudanese patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted among 50 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia among both genders at different ages and 42 apparently healthy control subjects. The CYP3A5*3 genotype was determined using (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: Paerson`s chi-square test was used to assess the possible link between CYP3A5*3 genotype and CML. The percentage of CYP3A5*3*3 genotype in CML patients was significantly higher than in control (OR = 11.71, 95% CI: 4.30 –31.83; p =0.000). The frequency of mutant genotype was higher among CML patients with advance phase compared with chronic phase, 100% versus 80% respectively.Conclusion: CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype associated with CML development and progression.


Objective To construct an invasive aspergillosis (IA) model.Methods The IA models were challenged intratracheally with conidial suspension of A.fumigatus.Results The invasive infection occurred within one week,and the survival time of the models was more than 2 weeks.Conclusion The IA model was constructed successfully,which are the ideally animal models to study immunological pathogenesis of IA,assess the effect of the new anti-fungal drugs,discover the virulence factors of A.fumigatus,and estimate the new!diagnostic methods and so on.


Though several studies have been reported to show that compressor driven metal hydride cooling systems are competitive with conventional vapor compression systems, an elaborate computational model that takes into account the transient nature of the compressor and the conditioned space is still unreported. The results presented here are obtained for a room air conditioner with Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr0.55Fe1.45 as the hydrogen absorbing material and employing standard heat exchanger configurations. Though previous thermodynamic and transient studies predicted attainment of significant coefficients of performance, the present results indicate that even with the optimal design the maximum coefficient of performance and specific power will be around 2.38 and 750kJ∕kg-alloy.h, respectively. This indicates a need for better materials and effective control strategies so that these systems can become commercially viable.


Summary:  Is it a seizure? This question can be difficult for a clinician to answer, and it may be more critical if the possible seizure lasts >30 min. Long‐duration questionable seizure activity changes the question to, "Is it status epilepticus?"


The majority of gastrectomies is carried out for chronic peptic ulceration, whether gastric or duodenal, whicb fails to respond to, or recurs more than twice after, a strict ulcer regime has been instituted. A patient miay be regarded as a candidate for operation if, after one or two years' treatment he still suffers from the ulcer. During that time 2 to 3 diet regimes should have been tried with intervals of 3 to 6 months as, necessary. Repeated small haematemeses or melaena, or more than two severe haemorrhages are other indications for operation. Penetration into the pancreas is usually accompanied bv such cpnstant severe pain often referred to the back that the unfortunate patient begs for an early operation. For chronic gastric ulcers all agree that gastrectomy and not gastrojejunostomy is the operation of choice. These ulcers heal less readily than those in the duodenum and about I0 to 20 per cent. become malignant. In chronic duodenal ulceration, however, gastrojejunostomy has been adopted by some surgeons as the better operation because duodenal ulcers tend to heal more rapidly than gastric ulcers, they do not become malignant and the operative mortality is low. The tendency now is to perform gastrectomy for duodenal ulcers as results are more satisfactory and permanent, the ulcer bearing area being removed; the acid stimulating area of the stomach is diminished and the tendency to anastamotic ulceration is minimized. Furthermore the mortality of the operation is little more than that of gastrojejunostomy. The indications for gastrojejunostomy nowadays should be pyloric obstruction or a very scarred and adherent duodenal ulcer in a patient who is a poor operative risk. The preliminarv investigations are usuallv carried out in the Medical Out-Patients Department. These include general and specific examination to assess the patient's fitness for a major operation and to determine the nature, position, etc., of the ulcer. In the general physical examination particular attention is paid to the cardio-vascular and respiratory systems. Hypertension, unless it is of the malignant type or accompanied by severe renal dysfunction, does not preclude operation. Red cell count and haemoglobin percentage are estimated and any degree of anaemia corrected. The blood group is determined in case serious bleeding necessitates transfusion later. Respiratory comnplications are the commbnest cause of trouble after upper abdominal operations. Any serious pre-existing disease such as severe bronchitis or bronchiectasis is a contra-indication to gastrectomy. If surgery is essential it may be necessary to do the less formidable operation of gastrojejunostomy. Minor chest troubles such as mild bronchitis or a recent history of acute upper respiratory tract infection should be treated by aerosol penicillin inhalations. The teeth should be in a healthy condition. Wholesale extraction is not a routine procedure and only loose or obviously septic teeth should be removed some days before admission to hospital. The usual investigations on the stomach are carried out. A positive barium meal is of great value as it verifies the eiistence of art ulcer, or any other lesion, and shows its size, shape 'and position. Screening is more imimportant than filming as it not only discloses an ulcer which occasionally escapes a film, but also demonstrates the gastric behaviour as regards mobility and peristalsis. A lateral or oblique view is necessary to show a posterior P rocted by coright.


Convective clouds on Titan may play an important role in climate dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, and the overall volatile cycle. To study the formation and evolution of these clouds, we have developed the Titan Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (TRAMS). TRAMS is a three‐dimensional, time‐dependent, coupled fully compressible dynamic and microphysical model capable of simulating methane and ethane clouds in Titan's atmosphere. In initial model tests over a two‐dimensional domain, a warm bubble or random temperature perturbations trigger a parcel of air to rise. For an initial methane profile with a 60% surface humidity, convection occurs for positive temperature perturbations of 1 K or greater. Cloud tops are between 25 and 35 km, consistent with observations of the south polar clouds. For a drier methane environment in the lower atmosphere, characteristic of the Huygens landing site, convection does not occur, but a layer of stratiform clouds is able to form at altitudes around 10 km.


Introduction: The tightly-packed arrays of polyhedral erythrocytes - polyhedrocytes (Figure) have been detected in the intracoronary thrombus (ICT), however mechanism of their formation in the ICT ...


A rare bamboo Neomicrocalamus manii (Gamb1e) Majumdar so far known from Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh, India has now been collected after a lapee of 62 years. In Arunachal Pradesh it is called Tagir or Tager by Adi, Nishi and Tagin people.


Abstract An investigation of limitations and deviation in performance abilities between hand amputee and nonamputee adults was performed by employing MTM system and a specially designed manipulative task. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of amputees as compared to nonamputees determines that MTM motion elements presents an appropriate method for evaluation of impaired workers. A statistical procedure is suggested to exclude the motion element(s) that cause delays in amputee's performance time


Electron ionization mass spectra of substituted benzyl acetates [1] - [12] are measured. In general, the spectrum consists of four peaks: M+, [M-42]+, [M-59]+, and m/z 43 peak. A good Bursey-McLafferty correlation between log ([m/z 43]/[M]) and Hammett σ constants is found. The Einolf-Munson treatment of m/z 43 and [M-42] ions also gives an expected result. On the other hand, compounds [5] and [7] deviate considerably from the plott of log ([M-42]/[M]) vs. σ, and the Chin-Harrison analysis is applied to explain this discrepancy.


The fisheries economy is an important part of agricultural economy, but there are much more different between the method of operation in fisheries and in agriculture, in which crop planting consists of the main part. Based on the analysis the common and different character of cooperational organization between in fisheries and in agriculture, we proposed several strategies on how to keep stable development of fisheries cooperational organization.


The superfamily Pyraloidea includes the families Pyralidae and Crambidae, each consisting of its respective subfamilies. World-wide, there are at least 16,000 species (Solis, 2007). In South-East Asia, more than 1,500 species are known (Robinson et al., 1994). For Singapore, more than 100 species have been documented (from existing specimens at the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research and photographic records) thus far. However, proper identification to genus/species is far from complete. Nevertheless, Singapore is the type locality for nine species of pyralid moths [egs. Orthaga bipartalis Hampson, 1906 (Epipaschiinae), Eristena mangalis Murphy, 1989 (Nymphulinae)].


This paper proposes an effective method of using ultrasonic phased array to measure bottom cracks from single-sided-unilateral. The heights of artificial cracks in different thickness blocks are measured by the Absolute Arrival Time Technique(AATT) with ultrasonic phased array in testing simulation and experiment. The height of natural crack in a weld is also measured by AATT. A comparative analysis of the experimental results and the conventional TOFD measurement results is conducted, and the analysis results show that the height of bottom crack can be measured quantitatively by AATT from one side and this measurement technique can achieve the same accuracy as TOFD measurement.


Nonlinear characteristics of semiconductor devices play a key role in the performances of circuits, but their modelling is still a big challenge in circuit simulations nowadays. This paper explores modelling nonlinear characteristics of circuits containing semiconductor devices by presenting a modified physically based simulation method. A p-i-n diode microstrip circuit is taken as a sample, and its nonlinear characteristics, such as the power limiting, bistability, and forward recovery characteristics, are simulated and analysed. The applied method demonstrates its good capability and accuracy of modelling the nonlinear characteristics in the simulation, and moreover clarifies the underlying physical mechanisms. In contrast, the Advanced Design System (ADS) software, a popular circuit simulation program based on the equivalent circuit model, fails to reveal some of those nonlinear characteristics.


Polysulfone is synthetic polymer widely used as basic material for dialyzer membrane and hydrophobic so it tends to cause fouling. Cellulose acetate is non-synthetic, hydrophilic polymer which has low tendency of fouling and has good thermal stability and permeability so it is considered as alternative material for hollow fiber dialyzer. A proper hollow fiber can be achieved by setting a proper temperature of coagulation bath along the spinning process. This research aims to understand the effect of coagulation bath temperature variations on the physical characteristic such as pore size, tensile strength, swelling rate and creatinine clearance of cellulose acetate – D-glucose monohydrate hollow fibers. Hollow fibers were fabricated using spinneret at temperature variations 5°C, 10°C, 15°C dan 20°C. Physical characteristics were estimated by doing morphology test using SEM, tensile test, swelling test towards Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and filtration test towards creatinine. Result revealed that the hollow fibers from 5°C coagulation bath temperature gives the best characteristic and performance with tensile strength 27,421 N mm-2, pore size 0,0295–0,0858 nm, swelling rate 4,18%, elongation rate 4,4 %, flux rate 1,6032–1,7956 mL cm-2 min-1 and creatinine clearance rate 40,14–48,30% so it is potential to be applied as dialyzer membrane.


Head up display, a projection system, anda window having a target region, it is positioned to reflect the region reflective polarizer is watching the light from the projection system. Light from the projection system is a p-polarized light, in order to reduce or eliminate multiple images or "ghost" image corresponds to the exposure window surface at an acute angle. Acute angle, is closely aligned with the Brewster angle of the exposure window surface. Reflective polarizer comprises a multilayer stack having a refractive index of the individual layers is selected to reflect substantially more p-polarized light from s-polarized light over a wide angular range including an acute angle. Reflective polarizer also can reflect infrared light in order to reduce the car heating by solar radiation.


A functional 1D photonic crystal system built from a mesoporous mixed oxide multilayer is proposed that is able to switch from transparent to Bragg reflector states (characterized by a photonic stop band in the visible range) and vice versa by means of adsorption/desorption of liquid in/from the system. One-pot co-condensation of two different precursors enables tailoring of the optical refractive index of inorganic layers by a strict control of pore fraction and the ratio of mixed oxides. Using various templates, 1-hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide for the low-refractive-index layers and Pluronic P123 for the high-refractive-index layers, an adequate distribution of the pore fraction was obtained. Mixing two oxides with high and low bulk refractive indexes enables tuning of the refractive index contrast between the adjacent layers. When the pores of the system are empty, the light passes through the medium with no reflection thanks to index matching between the layers, which confers to the mesoporous Bragg stack the ability to appear as an effective homogenous medium. The mesoporous Bragg stack has the ability to switch to colored when the pores are filled with water as a result of increasing the refractive index contrast between the layers. This functional multilayer system opens a new range of promising applications of inorganic mesoporous 1D photonic crystals, e.g. as smart coatings for privacy glass windows.


Abstract A credibility test method based on the features of frequency domain entropy of a phase is proposed to evaluate the blind processing results of a BPSK signal. Initially, a reference signal was constructed depending on the certain identified modulation results. By analyzing the differences of the phase of the correlation series between the observed signal and the reference signal, a reliability test problem for the BPSK signal is performed by calculating the phase spectrum entropy and comparing it with a certain threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed method can be used to verify the reliability of the blind processing results of a BPSK signal at a low signal-to-noise ratio and without a priori knowledge of the signal parameters.


A novel opto-electronic hybrid integration platform using a flexible resin interposer on a silicon substrate has achieved low-cost, compact-size optical sub-assemblies. A 10 km error-free-transmission has been demonstrated with the optical sub-assemblies for 10-Gigabit Ethernet transceivers.


This paper focuses on the application of ozone treatment in watermelon fresh-cut processing. Our experimental results showed that ozone blowing into the package containing watermelon fresh-cut improved significantly the hygienic quality of the final product. With the ozone concentration in the blowing flux 4.2mg/dm 3 (30 o C, 1atm), the suitable time for watermelon fresh-cut treatment was 3 minutes. Some packaging materials were then tested for prolonging the fresh-cut shelf-life and polyethylene was selected. From the microbiological point of view, the shelf-life of watermelon fresh-cut stored at 4 o C was 7 days.


In addition to insulator flashover, lightning damage of surge arresters (SAs) is also considered in evaluating the lightning performance of a distribution network. This article presents a novel multi-objective optimization framework for designing differentiated SA protection, by minimizing both the flashover number and SA damage rate. An artificial neural network and an energy-distribution surrogate model are developed for the efficient evaluation of these two targets in an optimization process. The samples for building these models are generated with a hybrid simulation approach together with a Monte Carlo method. It is concluded that the surge energy into an SA generally follows a log-normal probabilistic distribution. The mean of energy absorption decays exponentially with the distance to the stroke location. Differentiated SA configurations for a 10 kV distribution network are then identified by balancing the need of minimizing these two targets. It is found that when increasing the SA number, the damage rate becomes dominant and SAs are recommended to be located close to the dead-end poles in sub-feeders. Otherwise, the annual flashover number becomes dominant and SAs tend to be located around the junction poles on the main feeder. When the annual flashover number is primarily addressed, the pole-group selection strategy is the best one due to its simplicity and better performance. However, if both the annual flashover number and damage rate are of concern, the proposed optimization procedure is recommended to achieve a balanced lightning performance.


The sustainable development of society,the 18 put forward clearly to want to carry out ecological construction is the important content of.To the enterprise,will be based on the environmental capacity,development goals,industry characteristics,optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.On high technology,high efficiency,low pollution,low energy consumption, " two high and two low" industry,want to accelerate development.This paper first discusses the environmental impact analysis of coal enterprises,the enterprise environment cost accounting sense,through the case to construct certain environmental costs of coal enterprises accounting system,and puts forward related measures:to vigorously promote the clean production technology and the establishment of a complete set of economic policies.


Personalized news recommender systems have gained increasing attention in recent years. Within a news reading community, the implicit correlations among news readers, news articles, topics and named entities, e.g., what types of named entities in articles are preferred by users, and why users like the articles, could be valuable for building an effective news recommender. In this paper, we propose a novel news personalization framework by mining such correlations. We use hypergraph to model various high-order relations among different objects in news data, and formulate news recommendation as a ranking problem on fine-grained hypergraphs. In addition, by transductive inference, our proposed algorithm is capable of effectively handling the so-called cold-start problem. Extensive experiments on a data set collected from various news websites have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


Data collection and questionnaire methods were used in this paper to investigate the information of sports dancing development in Shanghai.For normal participants,the research focuses on age distribution,training periods and their exercising contents.The information of knowledge structure,certification level and ages of teachers were also thoroughly investigated.Based on these information,suggestions were presented to well promote the future sports dancing development in Shanghai.


The aim of this work is to introduce the coincidence and common fixed points of two self maps under weakly compatible condition on fuzzy metric spaces.


The present paper describes the university library user of the 21 century and his needs of information. Within this context, we outline the lack of a "library culture", which has as consequence that generally a small segment of the educational community makes use of the diversity of services offered by a library. The idea of the formation of a strategic and autonomous user has for years been part of the expectations of many university librarians; the solution would be to develop and to apply a methodology adjusted to the reality of each university, but that can also be used as a guide for others. Librarians are faced with this problem that might be inserted within the "informational divide". Our reality is that we are not fully prepared to elaborate user training programs. An initiative, formulated to orientate the development of proposals for approaching the problem of user education, is presented.


X-ray diffracation method was used to determine the mineral composition of landslide clays and tuffaceous rocks collected in the Kunimi landslide area. Results showed that the landslide clays contained smectite, quartz, and feldspars, with analcime and illite in addition in some samples. Mineral composition of the tuffaceous rocks was very similar to that of the landslide clays, except that analcime was found often in the former. The smectite content in the landslide clays and in the bottom face of the tuffaceous rocks (the upper face of hard mudstone rocks) increased along a traverse from the sliding head toward the tail, i. e, from high altitudes downwards indicating that the smectite in the landslide clays in the study area was formed from zeolites in the tuffaceous rocks, under the influence of groundwater flowing down along the sliding plane, which conformed with the upper surface of the relatively fresh bedrocks.


The two-component theory for radiation damages has already been described about 20 years ago. The corresponding survival equation for radiation-damaged cells has between four and six parameters, thus providing a wider scope for investigations of the different radiation effects. The "linear-square equation" described later on (in 1973) can be considered as a mathematically simplified approximation, which is sufficient for many clinical conditions, with the two-component equation and investigates the scope of validity of the approximation.


A new concept is introduced to extract the essential and distinct characteristics of images. A key idea is to introduce the eigen patterns, which represents the characteristics of images independent of the resolutions and position of images on the screen. The eigen pattern of an image is obtained by projecting the pixel information in x-y screen coordinate to a red, green and blue coordinate systems. Thereby, this projection removes the location, angle and size information in a screen, and extracts the essential characteristics of the target image. We apply the notion of eigen patterns to human faces identification/synthesis with high resolution. As a result, we have succeeded in recovering and identifying the 10 human faces.


Hazard models with cubic spline functions have a number of advantages to the standard Cox model. However, existing software packages for fitting the cubic spline models are not simple enough to analyze right-censored data. In this paper, we introduce methodologies and R programs to fit the cubic spline functions using penalized likelihood inference. For illustration, we analyze a life test dataset on electrical components and a gene expression dataset on lung cancer patients.


Attempts at specifying the basic assumptions underlying accounting span a period of over fifty years. Despite these efforts no generally accepted list of accounting assumptions is available. One reason for this is a lack of understanding of the nature and function of basic assumptions in deductive theories. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are (1) to des cribe the nature and function of basic assumptions in a theory or discipline by a detailed analysis of the techniques of theory con struction; (2) to demonstrate that the above is applicable to accounting by constructing an outline of a theory of financial accounting measurement; and (3) to demonstrate the wide applicability of theory construction techniques in accounting by applying these techniques to a diverse sample of accounting topics. This study, conducted in light of current thought in the philosophy of science, led to the following conclusions. Basic assumptions are necessary in a discipline in order to avoid either an infinite series of assumptions or circular reasoning. Normally, reduction is employed to determine basic assumptions. Because the real world is too complex to totally describe, basic assumptions contain idealizations. Idealizations are descriptions of real world determinative factors under distortion-free conditions. Though they do lead to accurate predictions, idealizations are not xvii xviii literal descriptions of the real world because many insignificant distorting factors are ignored. Five conceptually different types of basic assumptions were identified, without which a discipline cannot be fully developed. These are objectives, internal axioms, bridge axioms, internal postulates, and bridge postulates. Objectives indicate goals. Postulates are assumptions originating within a discipline. Axioms are assumptions borrowed from other disciplines. Internal assumptions (axioms or postulates) contain dispo sitional concepts (nonobservable characteristics of observable things) and theoretical concepts (nonobservable characteristics of nonobservable things). Because internal assumptions involve non observables, neither they nor any theorems derived from them are directly verifiable. Bridge assumptions are needed to connect the nonobservable aspects of these assumptions to observable phenomena that can be measured and tested. Various methods of obtaining general acceptance for a set of basic assumptions were considered. All were rejected except the empirical testing of theorems. But because positive empirical confirmations are not logically valid, they cannot be considered proofs. Rather, they serve to gather evidence increasing one's confidence in the underlying basic assumptions. In accordance with objectives (2) and (3), the techniques of theory construction were then shown applicable to accounting theory construction. This was done first by identifying several


Let k~l be an integer, and let G = (V, E) be a graph. The closed kneighborhood N k[V] of a vertex v E V is the set of vertices within distance k from v. A 3-valued function f defined on V of the form f : V --+ { -1,0, I} is a three-valued k-neighborhood dominating function if the sum of its function values over any closed k-neighborhood is at least 1. The weight of a threevalued k-neighborhood dominating function is f(V) L f( v), over all vertices v E V. The three-valued k-neighborhood domination number of a graph G, denoted Ik(G), equals the minimum weight of a three-valued k-neighborhood dominating function of G. For k ~ 2, we establish the existence of trees with three-valued k-neighborhood domination number less than any given negative number. We show that the decision problem corresponding to the problem of computing Ik is NP-complete even when restricted to bipartite graphs.


[The following discussion is excerpted from the Summary Session.] Remarks by Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen Mealy: Those of us who have dealt with operating systems per se believe that the discussion revolved around two separate topics. The first is Assembly, which is-roughly speaking-that process which has to do with gluing or binding things together, and maybe rearranging in any kind of a one-to-one, or many-to-one, or one-to-many fashion. The second is Assembly Programs. I think the phenomenon which we are observing at this point is that binding in systems is done at more times rather than just at one time, say compilation or assembly time. But as binding appears at more times in the progress from source program to actual execution of code, the assembly function itself becomes a distribu-tive function throughout the system rather than localized in one component of the system. This seems to be a general trend, toward pervasive rather than localized function in system. There are probably other examples of this. Now, as far as assembly programs have gone in the revolution, fairly early in the game, maybe six or eight years ago, machine language became a dirty word. Nevertheless, the evolution of as-semblers has continued. Now, it is interesting to speculate on why this should have been the case, when it seemed to be such an unpopular concept. I can offer several explanations; how true they are I do not know. The first is that higher level, problem-oriented languages have not been fully capable. They are becoming more so, but probably still have a ways to go. There has certainly been a trend toward more capability and a trend toward implementing programs which were normally written in assembly language in the higher level languages. The old zero languages, created in connection with the CL-I system for instance, have been used for a great deal of programming which we normally think of as being done in machine language. The large FORTRAN translator and Operating System 360 is another such case. Most of this is programmed in FORTRAN. So there have been many cases where a higher level language is definitely used. Nevertheless, the tradition is to do system programming in machine language. I suspect a lot of this is just pure perverseness and that of course is quite unfortunate, but it has been the case that by and large the system programmers have been using machine language. …


Significance We present a groundbreaking advance in nonprecious electrocatalysts that achieves high-efficient oxygen reduction catalysis of metal–air batteries and fuel cells by constructing Frank partial dislocations (FPDs). Such FPDs create a distinctive type of surface catalytic site at their surface terminations, which combines concave geometry and compressive strain, and this site shows evidently weakened oxygen adsorption, thus activating metallic cobalt and enabling Pt-like activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. This strategy marks a milestone in the design of nonprecious electrocatalysts for low-cost zinc–air batteries and fuel cells.


Give several subjects a list of sentences to read aloud; calculate a reading speed for each sentence as the ratio of phoneme count to total speech duration; normalize these speeds to zero mean; and compare the results. Few sentences will be read exactly at the mean rate. In some cases, different readers' speeds for the same sentence will scatter; in others, all will be close. Are these conditions random or systematic? Sentence speed data were obtained for three sets of material and eight readers. Speeds were plotted against an index number calculated for each sentence. The index number was designed to reflect numbers of words and phonemes; quantities and metric arrangements of (sentence‐) stressed and unstressed syllables; some limited aspects of phonological structure of the stressed syllables; pause and pseudopause effects; the presence of recursive units, particles, emphatic stress, and sentence bifurcation. Speed is found to correlate positively with this index; a straight line fits the data well. Thi...


In this paper, the total daily global solar radiation is tested at 18 locations with different morphological characteristics in Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology. PTgui is used to convert the panoramic pictures from Baidu Street Map to fisheye images. Sky view factor (SVF) and tree view factor (TVF) are calculated by Rayman model with fisheye images. SVF is used to calculate the total daily global solar radiation at the 18 locations with two different methods and TVF is used to classify the locations. The calculations and testing results are compared and combined the morphological characteristics. Then it is found that using suitable methods on different locations is necessary to obtain more accurate results whether the TVF (tree view factor) is more than 0.3 or less. To obtain solar radiation at different locations in the urban area, the calculating methods should be carefully chosen based on the morphology characteristics of the location.


The present invention belongs to the field of medicine technology, relates to compound antibiotic medicine capable of inhibiting bacteria produced beta-lactamase, and is especially compound antibiotic azlocillin/sulbactam medicine. The compound antibiotic azlocillin/sulbactam medicine is compounded with azlocillin and sulbactam or its derivative in the weight ratio of 1-16 as the active components. Azlocillin and sulbactam in the compound medicine has obvious synergistic effect, and the compound medicine can inhibit the activity of beta-lactamase and protect azlocillin against the destruction of bacteria produced beta-lactamase, is favorable to the antibiotic effect of azlocillin in strengthen antibiotic activity, widened antibiotic spectrum, less resistance and raised clinical treating effect.


Combining current mining experience of steeply-inclined coal-seam,4 mining methods which fit for steeply-inclined soft thick coal-seam in Baiji Colliery were put forward.By economic comparison,multi-goal decision was applied to selecting optimal mining method.This could provide reference for mines with similar condition.


General slowing of mental processing speed is the hallmark of the brain and cognitive aging. Thus far it has been limited understanding of neural mechanisms underlying mental states during fluctuations between efficient versus inefficient cognitive performance within individual older adults. Here we examined electrophysiological responses during visual working memory retrieval trials that are fast versus slow reactions. Wireless EEG along with accuracy and reaction times were recorded during a modified delayed match-to-sample task in 17 cognitively normal older adults (age 65-95) from North America. Compared to trials that are faster than average (mean 584 ms), the late positive potentials during trials that are slower than average (mean 747 ms) showed increased responses to memory nonmatch distractors than those to object matching memory targets in frontal sites, as previously reported in older brains. Interestingly, the brainwaves during efficient and accurate memory retrievals resemble those typically seen in younger adults.


The system presented in this paper uses LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology for the creation of three-dimensional representation of our surroundings as point cloud data. Thanks to advances in LIDAR technology in recent years this technology has found its applications across various industries and fields. The proposed cost-effective Arduino based system gives 3D point cloud representations of our environment as results. The promising results are obtained and could provide a basis for further improvements in different applications, like image matching, autonomous driving, obstacle detection and collision avoidance.


This paper presented a control system of sewage treatment including its process flow,system configuration,software design and functions.The paper also described the establishment of the communication protocol between PLC and Kingview as well as the necessary programming.The upper computer undertook the monitoring and managing task by configuring software,while the lower computer implemented the function of data collection and automatic control.Results showed that the system was reasonable,available and reliable.


Series of active carbons were prepared from petroleum coke by simple activation and co - activation. The effects of grain size of raw coke, activation temperature and time on adsorption properties were studied and also the effect of the concentration of activation agents. Results show that the adsorption capacities of coactivation active carbons are much higher than those of simple activation active carbons. The superior activated carbon was available under the optimum condition of activation(mkoH/mcarbon: 2/1, temperature: 850℃, velocity of steam: 13. 6ml/min).


: As relatively stable blocks in the earth system, petroliferous basins are affected by the evolution of earth system in many aspects. Deep fluids act as a bridge communicating the internal and external factors of basins, and they participate in the whole process of oil and gas formation and accumulation by means of organic-inorganic interaction. Deep fluids carry many nutrients, provide extra carbon and hydrogen sources for basins. Besides, deep fluids promote the development of high-quality source rocks and the increase of their hydrocarbon potential. Moreover, the energy carried by deep fluids can also accelerate the maturation of source rocks and increase the production of hydrocarbons by activating the hydrogenation reaction of high-mature source rocks. Deep CO 2 -rich fluids improve the deep reservoir space by dissolving carbonate and clastic rocks, which allows the reservoir space to extend to the deeper strata as well. In addition, deep CO 2 -rich fluids can also increase the fluidity of hydrocarbons in deep and tight reservoirs by displacing the crude oil retained in deep layers and CH 4 in shales. Meanwhile, the substances (C, H, catalytic substances) and energy carried by deep fluids not only promote the generation of CH 4 by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, but also lead to the thermal alteration of crude oil derived from organic source and the formation of "hydrothermal oil". Therefore, from the perspective of the interaction among the spheres of earth, deep fluids not only provide a great deal of extra carbon and hydrogen for basins, but also improve the oil and gas storage space and promote the enrichment and accumulation of oil and gas.


Autograph letter signed. From Camden, Delaware. Reynolds writes, "When I reached home (Camden) I found that three had died since I left, and that near a dozen were ill; none have died since, and most of them are recovering. " Reynolds adds, "Some of our company seemed to intimate that I remained from home some time considering the press of business, and perhaps would charge me with negligence to duty. But Lou I think there are periods in ones history when he should sacrifice duty to friends; especially friends we love."