With the rapid development of wireless communication network,embedded system and the interaction of all kinds of new technologies,many new modes of information obtained and processed come into being.An industrial wireless gateway which uses ZigBee wireless communication technology realizes industrial wireless monitoring systems and Industrial Ethernet connectivity at the same time be able to complete the management of wireless networks.Focus on a wireless gateway in the related key technologies,such as network management,systems management,and protocol conversion,etc.Industrial wireless gateway optimized the entire industrial communication networks,providesd an effective solution for extending from wired to wireless to industrial control area.


Recently as the fast development of steganography technique,the opposite steganalysis technique is becoming more and more difficult.A novel steganalytic technique was presented based on bit plane randomness tests.Two binary sequences were obtained by scanning the seventh and eighth bit planes of the image with Hilbert scan,then the randomness of this two sequences were tested by several randomness tests respectively.The basic idea is that the randomness of the bit planes will differ between a stego-image and a coveri-image.These telltale marks are used to construct a classifier to distinguish between stego and cover images.The experiments show the detection accuracy of the method is higher than 95% to stego images with a embed rate higher than 0.05 bits per pixel,and that the method is effective to some frequency domain steganographic algorithms such as F5.


This article demonstrates how one woman's identity changed as she was empowered through her participation in a sewing cooperative community of practice. A community of practice framework allows examination of participation in ongoing negotiated interactions in which people construct expert and novice identities as they work together. Identity, as we define it here, is not static, but a constantly shifting set of identities, or aspects of identity, that are constructed in ongoing interaction. What this study adds to such an understanding of identity is that particular aspects of identity are also not static but show shifts over time as people negotiate place and gain the social capital associated with skills, expertise, and competencies. In the case of the woman, Diana, considered here, the multiple aspects of identity under negotiation shift as she becomes a more experienced, expert member of the sewing cooperative, and these shifts are illuminated in discourse.


Including severe assessment of mortality risk of fatal disease, diagnosis, with respect to the progress management and prognosis, proadrenomedullin in critically ill patients body fluids (pro -ADM) / proendothelin (pro -END) immunoreactivity concentration ratio is used. Furthermore, critically ill patients who have with pharmaceuticals including vasoconstrictive endothelin or precursors and / or endothelin agonists or adrenomedullin antagonists thereof, is a high level of pro -ADM, pro -END immunoreactivity insufficient levels treatment is provided for.


In the last ten years, people has realized that the formation and the evolution of granitic magma are controlled by the process of the action of lithosphere upper mantle, and has inaugurated a new study direction in which the crust-mantle interaction is closely combined with the formation and evolution of the granitic magma. The scientific frontiers of this new direction primarily are: the relationship between the granite formation and the continent growth and the deep process in lithosphere; the granite anatexis and the heat source in the granite formation; the relation of genetic type of granite to the tectonic environment. These frontiers try to understand the granite genesis from the conceptions at the level of continent growing and continent dynamics, and it is hoped to establish a frame that associates them, and through this frame further to trace the mechanism and the region of the thermal energy transfer during the formation of the granite. Therefore, the study of granite cannot only provide the information of granite material source and tectonic environment, but also can acquire the important information of the essential aspects of crust-mantle material movement state, process, dynamics, etc., and of the conduction and convection of energy (thermal energy) in the depth. The study and interpretation of these informations can take effect of lucid exposition of essential points for understanding the continent growth, and is one of the key problems for resolving the nowadays issue of continent geological evolution, and for establishing the continent dynamics. It can be regarded as the beginning of the third milestone in the granite research, after the researches of the granite material source and the tectonic environment; thus it has important strategic meaning.


A discussion of a technical note with the aforementioned title by F. Marelius, and S.K. Sinha, published in this journal (Volume 124, Number 5, May 1998), is presented. The discussion argues that 40 deg (0.7 rad) is not the optimal angle of attack of submerged vanes for sediment exclusion from lateral diversions, and perhaps not for riverbend erosion reduction or pier and abutment scour protection either. Results are presented from experiments performed subsequent to the ones described in the technical note. These additional experiments show that the angle of attack of 40 deg (0.7 rad) is not optimal for exclusion of bed sediment from lateral diversions, and may, in fact, exacerbate the problem. A discussion of the type of submerged vane is also included that concludes that the type of vane is crucial to the results of optimal attack angle. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.


This cohort study investigates heart rate and cardiac troponin levels in patients admitted to the emergency department with symptomatic atrial fibrillation.


Although Resafa's four large cisterns were built consecutively, they constitute an associated sophisticated system. This monumental system contributed not only to the amount of storage capacity but also divided the various basic needs by quality, thereby avoiding any waste. This approach was an outstanding hygienic measure to cope with the poor quality of the run-off wadi water. This paper analyses the hydraulic system and hints at the efforts exerted by the local community to deal with life in a basically uninhabitable place.


In the early 1990s, Tanner Companies had a 74 percent on-time delivery rate and high levels of work in process. To increase on-time deliveries and raise customer service levels, the company focused on production planning and scheduling for the first time. In developing a short-term planning system, we began by designing a garment information system which provided the basis for an analytical heuristic-based scheduling model. During the development process, we actively involved users and managers at all levels to ensure employee support and smooth installation. As a result, the scheduling model was a big success. In one year, it decreased WIP levels by $200,000 and increased on-time deliveries to over 90 percent. The garment information and scheduling system has been well received and has become an integral part of daily operations at Tanner Companies.


Reinvestigation of the acetone extract of Teucrium tomentosum yielded a new neo-clerodane diterpenoid, teuctomin (1), along with 6-O-acetyl-teucmicropodin (2), teugracilin-A (3), 6α-hydroxyteuscordin (4) and 6α-acetoxyteuscordin (5). The structure of the new compound was elucidated comprehensively using 1D and 2D NMR methods. Compounds showed effective antifeedancy against Plutella xylostella at 10 μg cm−2 of leaf area.


Mymensingh, Bangladesh The widening of rural-urban continuum has accelerated the transformation of Bangladesh agriculture from subsistence toward commercialization. This has accompanied significant employment linkages and patterns in farm and non-farm sector. Modern rice production contributed to employment generation through backward and forward linkages. The field study of three villages measures farm to non-farm employment linkages for two major rice crops. The estimated backward, forward, and total linkages were 0.18, 0.43, and 0.61 for Boro rice and 0.14, 0.39, and 0.53 for Aman rice. For two crops as a whole, farm to non-farm total employment linkage coefficient was 0.58, which meant that total 100 man days of farm employment per hectare in farm production activities generated 58 man days of non-farm employment in various support services, processing, and marketing activities. Employment pattern in different months was more flexible for the farm workers than for non-farm workers. The availability of farm employment in a month varied from five to 25 days for farm workers, and from 22 to 27 days for non-farm workers. The findings imply that more investment in rice-based production system significantly increases non-farm employment opportunities. From national policy perspective, more research and development efforts should go into accelerating potential rural growth and non-farm


A Caucasian woman aged 56 years presented to emergency room (ER) department with leucorrhoea and fever since 48 hours. She was a smoker, had no diabetes history, no prosthetic material and denied use of injected drugs.

A month before, the patient had a closed inguinal trauma due to fall from height with a muscle strain of the anterior right thigh. Despite rest and analgesics, she went to ER several times because of progressive local pain and swelling. After 3 weeks, a local ultrasound scan showed a 3 cm size haematoma associated with probable rupture of obturator internus and rectus femoris muscles. On the following days, she developed fetid leucorrhoea …


PB: Peter Callaghan, thank you for joining us. There have been a number of recent legislative developments in Queensland, namely the Vicious Lawless Associates Disestablishment Act, could you briefly outline the various effects of the VLAD act and your reservations to it? PC: Not briefly, no. There are many aspects to the legislation that are offensive. Perhaps we could focus on one aspect of it and that is the concept of mandatory sentencing. The mandatory sentencing provisions in the VLAD and much other legislation introduced by the Newman/Blejie Government, are fundamentally obnoxious. All such provisions are an assault on judicial discretion and therefore represent an affront to the doctrine of separation of powers.


This paper deals with a motor control system based on HMI,PLC and inverter.HMI has good interaction.The programs can be input into PLC,and the digital parameters of speed can be converted into analog parameters through D/A module.Motor's operation can be controlled according to the system requirements through the inverter which can be set into an external voltage control mode.


[1] We study the amplification of ducted whistler-mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere by the cyclotron instability for different types of energetic electron distributions in velocity space. Particular attention is paid to the comparison between cases of smooth distribution functions and those with sharp gradients (''steps'') in velocity space, which arise naturally owing to interactions with noise-like VLF emissions. We show that step-like features greatly favor the amplification of whistler-mode waves propagating along the Earth's magnetic field line and hence the generation of narrowband VLF emissions even if the electron anisotropy is only moderate. The results obtained are discussed in light of observations of discrete VLF emissions from the magnetosphere, in particular those of Bell et al. [2000]. INDEX TERMS: 2720 Magnetospheric Physics: Energetic particles, trapped; 2730 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere—inner; 0654 Electromagnetics: Plasmas; 2772 Magnetospheric Physics: Plasma waves and instabilities; KEYWORDS: whistlers, amplification, anisotropic, electrons, step-like, chorus


A damage mechanics analysis was applied to predict transverse crack evolution in a laminated composite. The analysis was originally developed to predict thermoelastic properties of a laminate containing transverse cracks. Two criteria based on both critical average ply stress and critical energy release rate were used to discuss the transverse cracking behavior. The effect of delamination was also considered in the present study. The predictions of transverse crack density based on both criteria were successfully compared with experimental results. This analysis can be applied to laminate with arbitrary lay-up configuration.


The Royal Medico-Psychological Association was recently invited to prepare a memorandum for tfr London County Council Committee on Juvenile Delinquency. The Subcommittee entrusted with the preparation of this memorandum considered that they would most profitably? (a) formulate the principles governing normal social development as generally accepted by th? psychiatrist; (b) discuss the relationship between psychiatric ill health and delinquency; (c) outline the part played by Child Guidance and Psychiatric Clinics in treating Juvenile Delinquency! (d) suggest how the problem may be most usefully met. In view of the topical importance of the subject and the frequency with which the psychiatrical!) informed are invited to elucidate these questions to interested lay bodies, it has been thought useful to publish these observations. In the child of normal endowment and potentiality the mature pattern of social behaviour depends upon the pattern of behaviour established in early family relationships. Normal behaviour presupposes that the child in the home should have met firstly with stable and secure affection. This is a biological need without which he cannot develop normally. In its absence, relative or, rarely, complete, he will be liable to a wide variety of neurotic disturbances. For his social development the most important of these is that, lacking affection in his early years, his capacity to return affection is atrophied, stunted or distorted. Yet it is only through the child's affection that he can rightly be influenced to conform to parental standards. In the early years the child's motive is to retain the approval of the mother and father who give him love and security and whom he loves in turn. As he grows older it is from those in the home and outside whom he loves, admires and desires to emulate that he forms the standards that will later govern his own life. These truisms to the psychiatrically minded are sometimes disputed or underestimated by those who, coming from a normal home themselves , usually deal with normal children. Affection for a child in his own or a substitute home is fortunately so general that its immense biological role in development may be overlooked , much as the need for oxygen might be overlooked by the uninformed who had never seen or experienced suffocation. Rebuke or punishment does not of itself provide a motive for the child. It only underlines withdrawal of approval. The strict but loveless home may produce a severe delinquent. …


TIL(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) is located around the tumor cells.TIL can destruct tumor cells and reduce their metastatic potential.As close to tumor cells,it is considered to the specific and direct performance of host identifying tumor cells.In a certain extent,the changes of TIL's number and functions reflect the anti-tumor's strength and total level.As the forefront of host immunity,many studies have been done about it in recent years.This overview discuss TIL and it's progress in ovarian cancer treatments.


This paper presents an intelligent approach for improved the PV control performances. A PV system topology incorporating maximum power point tracking controller (MPPT) is studied and applied in this work. In order to perform this goal a special interest was focused on the well-known P&O algorithm. A comparative study between the P&O algorithm and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) controller is performed. This paper presents a detailed study of the MPPT controller to insure a high PV system performance which can be selected for practical implementation issue. A simulation work dealing with MPPT controller, a DC/DC Boost converter feeding resistive load is achieved. Significant extracted results are given to prove the validity of the proposed overall PV system control scheme.


Technology is revolutionizing the way in which music is distributed and consumed. As a result, millions of songs are instantly available to millions of people, on the Internet. This has created the need for novel music search and discovery services. Music is often searched using descriptive keywords, or tags, based on the content of the song. Hence, one very important task in achieving a great music search engine is automatic tagging of music. Currently, deep learning techniques using convolutional neural networks produce state- of-the-art results for this task. Several deep learning algorithms are able to achieve good results but at the cost of efficiency. As neural networks get deeper, the cost of computation grows exponentially. In this paper, we present a deep learning-based ensemble method that achieves near state-of-the-art performance on the music auto-tagging task. Our method is significantly more efficient in terms of computation time and disk space. This opens up the option of using our proposed model directly on a mobile device.


Comprehensive pathology reports are essential to inform clinical decision-making. An internal audit was conducted to determine whether the Trust Histopathology department fulfilled histopathological reporting standards for colorectal cancer (CRC) by the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath).

 Pathology reports for CRC surgical resection specimens between 2018-2021, were reviewed. Resections were from symptomatic (non-screening) patients, with no preoperative treatment. Benign or endoscopically obtained specimens, and non-primary CRC were excluded. Reports were reviewed for compliance with the CRC categories: I. median number of lymph nodes attained (≥12 per specimen) II. cases showing extramural venous spread (≥30%) III. cases showing peritoneal/serosal involvement (≥20%).

 277 reports were included. Median lymph node yield was consistently >12, throughout. >30% of specimens demonstrated venous invasion between 2018-2020, however, 24% of specimens in 2021. Nearly all reports commented on the depth of venous invasion (e.g. 'intramural'/'extramural') by 2021. >20% specimens demonstrated peritoneal involvement between 2018-2020, however this was 16% in 2021.

 The quality of reports was high and consistent. There was overall compliance with the RCPath requirement. Results from 2021 may be affected by changes to pre-COVID CRC treatment pathways, with more patients presenting at a more advanced stage and receiving initial neoadjuvant treatment. As venous invasion is an independent prognostic indicator, documenting the extent of invasion is a quality assurance factor.


The advent of the era of Big Data has spawned a new research paradigm and has transformed the outlook of numerous fields in science and engineering. Similarly, as one of the important fields of safety science, the area of accident investigation also has great opportunities for leveraging Big Data to its advantage. With this in mind, in this article, the influencing factors of accident investigation were analyzed. Then, the definition of Safety‐related Big Data (SRBD) was analyzed, and a four‐layer pyramidal structure consisting of SRBD, Safety Information, Safety Law, and Safety Knowledge was constructed. Based on this, the conceptual model of the accident investigation paradigm based on SRBD was proposed. Moreover, the opportunities offered by the proposed new paradigm were argued from three aspects, which are "tools," "inputs," and "constraints." Last, the proposed paradigm was applied in a case study. Results show that the proposed paradigm can provide a novel method for accident investigation and analysis. The presented paper aims to explore the great expectations for accident investigation in the era of Big Data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:42–48, 2018


Research on analysis of spectrum of elderly human voice based on gender and ethnic by usingsoftware praat has been carred out. The samples of the spectrum in this research are Batak,Javanese, Malay, Minang, Sunda and Sakai ethnic. The recording of the human voice used amicrophone and laptop (computer) equipped with a software called "praat". Sample of elderlyhuman (60-70 years) voice was recorded for two men and two women from the above ethnics.In this research, it was used one pieces of said "Joko Widodo adalah presiden Indonesia yang ketujuh", which said three times by each sample. The results of the research show that voicespectrum of the samples of men and women from the above ethnics have differentcharacteristic. The men and women from Batak and Javanesse ethnic has the highestfundamental frequency for all samples, that is 158 Hz and 221 Hz respectively. The lowestfrequency is 98 Hz and 160 Hz from Minang and Sunda ethnic respectively. In general, thevalue of fundamental frequency for men and women decreases as the age increases, soundproducing organs and conditions sample. The value of formant is affected by the age of thesample. The value of the formant decreases as the age of the samples increases, however, in thisresearch some values of formant increase. This increase was suspected due to the change ofdistance between sample's mouth to the microphone. Keywords : praat, elderly, pitch, formant, ethnic


To this should he added the pertinent fact that in cases of infective arthritis it is usual to discover that the glands draining the affected joints are enlarged. (0) T. R. Gittins: "Laryngotracheobronchitis in Children: Classification and Differential Diagnosis", Archives of Otolaryngology, Volume XXXVI, 1942, page 491. (10' Chevalier Jackson and C. L. Jackson: "Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis", The Jom-nal of the Amel'ican Medical Association, Volume CVIl, 1936, page 929. (II' E. S. Connell and B. C. Trowbridge: "Acute Streptococcic Laryngotracheobronchitis",A,.chives of Otola,.yngology, Volume XXXIII, 1941, page 717. (1" A. H. Neffson: "Tracheotomy in Cases of Acute Obstructive Nondiphtheritic Infections of Larynx, Tracheaand Bronchi", A,.chives of Otola,.yngology, Volume XXXVI, 1942, page 773. (13' F. M. Burnet and M. Foley: "Infections of Respiratory Tract of Chick Embryosby Viruses of Psittacosisand Infectious Laryngotracheitis:Comparisonwith Influenza Virus Infections", The Anstralian Jou,.nal of Etcpervmewtnl Biology and Medical Science, Volume XIX, 1941, page 235. (1<) M. W. Michels: "Acute Laryngotracheobronchitisin a Newborn Infant", A"chives of Otolm'yngology, Volume XXXV, 1942. page 423. (U, ChevalierJacksonand C. L. Jackson:"The Larynx and its Diseases",1937. (16) C. H. McCaskey: "Upper Respiratory Infection of a FUlminating Character Requiring Tracheotomy", Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, Volume LI, 1942, page 389. (11) T. C. Galloway: "Postural Treatmentof Acute Laryrigotracheobronchitis", The Journal of the Ame"ican Medioal A8sociation", Volume CXIl, 1939, page 1566. "" F. E. Lejeune and P. J. Bayon : "Acute Larygotracheobronchitis". The Jo",.nal of the Ame"ican Medical Association, Vl.lume CXVII, 1941, page 1316.


A novel albumin nanocomplex containing both small interfering RNA and gold nanorods enables synergetic anticancer therapeutics by employing both thermal ablation and RNA interference Characterization of BSA Nanoparticles: To optimize the conditions for particle synthesis, the effect of pH prior to the addition of ethanol was investigated. As shown in Figure S1, an increased pH resulted in a decreased amount of BSA particles with a more negative surface charge. With respect to cellular uptake efficiency and the successful encapsulation of both siRNA and AuNRs, BSA nanoparticle synthesis was found to be optimal at pH 6. The concentration of synthetic particles was measured by manually counting the number of BSA particles using TEM images (Figure S2). To ensure accuracy, five representative images were obtained at three different concentrations (1/5, 1/25, and 1/125 dilutions of the original 20 mg/ml solution). The numbers of synthetic particles were calculated from the ratio of the area of each image to that of the TEM grid. Determination of the Method for Rod Encapsulation in the BSA complexes: To determine the most efficient synthetic method for rod encapsulation, desolvation was first performed by Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale.


Classroom teaching has always been a face to face interaction between students and teachers and here in the proposed system we would like to preserve this aspect of teaching with help of information and communication technology. We like to bring this quality along with the concept of geographical independence in a distributed system. Teleteaching as in any collaborative system is difficult to model. Before any implementation we need to model the system. Here we have used ontology to create a level of abstraction which broadly defines a model and the dependencies of activities, thus, making the system easy to interact and modify.


Urban advertising is one of the most important principals of advertising knowledge and one of the factor elements of urban landscape in human habitation as it is known an impartible part of urbans framework and the most significance part of commercial acts are appertained to this subject. Present study that in method is applicable, by using of description method work on urban advertising and its incident in Imam St. of Urmia center of West Azerbaijan (as the most important commercial and actual axle in this city) then by using of analyzing method and surveying on rules and regulations and also the visit of case study, outcome information were processed to use of analyze method SWOT proposed administrant solutions for improvement of civil advertising in Imam St. of Urmia. According to encourage of using adaption equipment advertising , deleting the impermissible publicities and preventing of accession of them and consider to needs of small jobs owners and also environmental temporary advertising are proposed as guidelines proposals.


New Zealand has welcomed over fourteen thousand refugees under the quota programme into this country over the last couple of decades; additionally, others have applied for refugee status on-arrival at the border. Quota refugees entering New Zealand spend and initial welcoming period at the New Zealand Refugee Resettlement Centre in Mangere, Auckland, where they undergo assessments and attend English language and orientation to New Zealand classes for approximately six weeks (Hayward, 2007). At the Resettlement Centre, refugees have contact with a range of specialist services, including those provided by the Public Health Service, Refugee Services and Refugees As Survivors (RAS). Interpreters are used during many of these encounters, most of whom have completed an interpreter training course. However, sometimes individuals are employed to act as "interpreters" or language aides on an ad hoc basis if trained interpreters in minority languages are not available. These individuals share a language with the incoming refugee group, although they may not derive from the same culture or ethnicity and will not have received the relevant professional interpreting training. For interpreters to be effective, it is important that they share the same language and cultural background as the clients for whom they interpret. The lack of ability to attract interpreters from identical ethnic background in itself creates challenges (dialectal differences and variance in cultural understandings, for example); but this may be unavoidable in refugee contexts, as they may constitute entirely new ethnic or language groups in New Zealand. This was the case with Rohingyan refugees from Bhutan, and with minority ethnic groups from Burma, for example. This presents challenges in terms of dialect and correct cultural interpretations, but there are also other challenges in refugee interpreting situations and this occurs when interpreters themselves share the same experiences as the clients they work with. The Interpreter Code of Ethics demands that interpreters are at all times accurate and impartial (Roberts-Smith, Frey & Bessell-Browne, 1991); however, the fact that interpreters might share the same traumatic experiences as the clients they work with, may make it problematic for interpreters to be impartial at all times.


Even though the debate between global vs. local brand has been intense and well-documented, there are still some important pending questions regarding the specific impact of perceived globalness on each of the sources of brand equity. This study aims at understanding how global brands are in a distinct position to affect loyalty drivers. The analysis is set in three major markets of Latin America, evidencing important attitude and behavioral differences among the consumers in these markets. Results show that consumers prefer global brands to local alternatives in some of the main loyalty drivers, but not in all of them.


Effective evaluation of rotor profile manufacturability becomes a necessary step in the design stage to reduce rotor development cycle. This paper is concerned with analyzing screw rotor manufacturability using rotor profile design data. The rotor profile manufacturability is discussed from three aspects: the required minimum tool profile radius, the range of valid setup conditions, and the severity ratio which is a measure of relative tool profile load distribution. With this analysis, the rotor profile manufacturability can be quickly evaluated in its design stage. It can also be used as a design criterion to design rotor profiles for better manufacturability.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of different commercial nutrient media and sera on protein synthesis and maintenance of cellular density in cultures of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT).

ANIMALS
8 healthy 2- to 4-year-old horses.

PROCEDURE
First Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, Ham's F12 nutrient mixture, RPMI 1640 medium, minimum essential medium with Earle's salts, minimum essential medium with Hanks' salts, and a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 nutrient mixture with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were compared. Then FBS, fetal equine serum, and donor horse serum, each at 5, 10, and 15% in RPMI 1640 medium, were compared. Explants were cultured in roller bottles at 37 C and aerated (50% O2/45% N2/5% CO2) daily. Rates of [3H]-proline incorporation were used as a measure of the rates of total protein and collagen synthesis on days 13 and 28. Matrix cellular density of explants at days 14 and 28 was measured by computerized image analysis.

RESULTS
Equine SDFT explants were cultured in all media for up to 4 weeks. Proline incorporation was greatest in Ham's F12 nutrient mixture and in RPMI 1640 medium, with the concentration of proline in medium correlating to the in vitro response. Total proline incorporation was greater in 15% FBS than in 5 or 10% FBS. Other differences among sera were not detected. Matrix cell density in 15% donor horse serum was equivalent to that in uncultured controls and higher than that in most other sera at week 2.

CONCLUSION
The in vitro SDFT culture system described may be used in future studies to enhance knowledge of the biological and biochemical characteristics of intrinsic tendon healing.


We present a distributed particle filter for bearings-only tracking of a target moving on the surface of a sphere, such as Earth. The proposed filter accounts for the curvature of the surface in the measurement model for more robust performance. In addition, a linearization of the likelihood function significantly reduces the communication overhead. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed distributed approach maintains accuracy comparable to that of a centralized filter with access to all measurements even when the sensors and target are spread over a large region, where a planar approximation would fail.


This is a report of the author's talk at Algebra Symposium 2019 held at Tohoku University. We discuss some improvements of Mori's Bend and Break for sections of del Pezzo fibrations over $\mathbb P^1$.


The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), which affected the Mediterranean region during the latest Miocene, is mainly characterized by the deposition of thick evaporites in central basins and strong fluvial erosion of margins. The subaerial fluvial erosion, known as the Messinian Erosional Surface (MES), is for instance continuously followed from the Gulf of Lions up to 360 km from the present-day shoreline upstream the Rhône Valley. Short drainage systems limited by high coastal mountain ranges, must have been significantly affected by the Messinian erosion.

The Alboran Sea is similarly characterized by a geographic context and was the first Mediterranean area concerned by connection-disconnection to the Atlantic Ocean during the last millions years. A recent study suggested that the Alboran Sea remained always connected to the Atlantic Ocean during the MSC, being the marine refuge for the Mediterranean taxa.

In this work, we have performed an extensive research of the MES and MSC-related deposits in the Alboran region, both onshore and offshore, integrating outcrop descriptions, supported by new biostratigraphic data and seismic profile analyses. This study leads to an up-to-date geological and morphological map displaying the actual contours and morphology of the MES in the whole Alboran domain. The MES has a subaerial origin and is continuously followed from land to the offshore domain, sealed by post-MSC marine sediments. Both Spanish and Morrocan sides show three different erosive morphologies: downslope trending paleocanyons cut by a large reflooding channel crossing the entire Alboran basin from the Strait of Gibraltar to Algerian Basin, and alongslope   terraces. The occurrence of all these striking erosive features with basinal extension  questions the hypothesis of the permanent connection with the Atlantic Ocean.


Image fusion is a process of combining information from multiple sensors. It is a useful tool implemented in the treatment planning programme of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. In this paper we evaluate advanced image fusion algorithms for Matlab platform and head images. We develop nine level grayscale image fusion methods: average, principal component analysis (PCA), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Laplacian, filter - subtract - decimate (FSD), contrast, gradient, morphological pyramid and a shift invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) method in Matlab platform. We test these methods qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative criteria we use are the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the Mutual Information (MI), the Standard Deviation (STD), the Entropy (H), the Difference Entropy (DH) and the Cross Entropy (CEN). The qualitative are: natural appearance, brilliance contrast, presence of complementary features and enhancement of common features. Finally we make clinically useful suggestions.


This study aimed the floristic and structural characterization of a stretch of seasonal forest in the Municipality of Pirai, State of Rio de Janeiro, in order to determine its successional stage. The Parque Municipal da Mata do Amador has an area of 16.4 ha (22o37'S and 43o53'W), where 15 plots of 10 × 10 meters were installed. Plants with DAP ≥ 5cm were measured, which totalized 176 specimens, encompassing 24 families, 46 genera and 51 species. The richest family was Fabaceae. The most abundant genera were Cupania L., Casearia Jacq and Eugenia L. The species with the highest importance value was Sorocea bonplandii. It was demonstrated tha the Mata do Amador has considerable species diversity (H '= 3.517 natsind-1) and high equability (J' = 0.884), classified as a secondary forest stretch in a intermediate stage of regeneration.


Low-temperature reprocessing of waste cross-linked polyurethanes by aminolysis and subsequent utilization of the reaction products to prepare semirigid polyurethane foams were studied.


Partial replacement of Portland cement by industrial by-products such as fly ash and silica fume (collectively known as mineral admixtures) in the normal concrete diverts the deposition of those by-products from landfills, reduces CO2 emissions, and produces durable and sustainable concrete. Shrinkage strain is a major parameter for concrete durability. No systematic data are available to predict the shrinkage of concrete containing mineral admixtures from paste properties to coupon level. In this study, composite modeling was developed from paste level to coupon level for 10 concrete mixtures containing fly ash, and, silica fume, individually as well as in combination, at two different w/cm ratios. Then a two-step composite model was used; firstly to find the shrinkage of mortar from the paste and then the range of the concrete shrinkages was determined using the shrinkage of the mortar and the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds (1963) with the corresponding elastic modulus. The prediction model agreed well with experimental data. The predicted shrinkages from the ACI 209R and CEB M90-99 were computed and the predicted model was found to be in close agreement with the experimental results.


A new very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture for implementing Reed-Solomon (RS) decoders that can correct both errors and erasures is described. This new architecture implements a Reed-Solomon decoder by using replication of a single VLSI chip. It is anticipated that this single chip type RS decoder approach will save substantial development and production costs. It is estimated that reduction in cost by a factor of four is possible with this new architecture. Furthermore, this Reed-Solomon decoder is programmable between 8 bit and 10 bit symbol sizes. Therefore, both an 8 bit Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) RS decoder and a 10 bit decoder are obtained at the same time, and when concatenated with a (15,1/6) Viterbi decoder, provide an additional 2.1-dB coding gain.


we present in this paper a multi-agent simulator for urbanization of smart cities. "SmartCitySIM" can play several scenarios by changing the urban parameters of the city (rate of demographic growth, residential sprawl…). Our goal is to understand how public policy decisions can affect the transformation of cities, particularly in relation to habitat and installation of public equipment.


A disclosed polysilicon preparation apparatus comprises a supporting platform, the surface of the supporting platform is provided with a reflection layer which possesses multiple reflection mirrors and a diffuse reflection layer; and the diffuse reflection layer is arranged among the reflection mirrors; the reflection layer is provided with a glass base plate, the glass base plate is provided with a buffer layer, and the buffer layer is provided with an amorphous silicon layer. When laser annealing is performed, diffuse reflection is generated when laser penetrating the amorphous silicon layer irradiates the diffuse reflection layer, reflected laser is gathered on the amorphous silicon layer when the reflection mirrors are irradiated, so that amorphous silicon at the area is capable of absorbing energy and energy gradient is formed on the area and the other area. According to the apparatus and the method, the crystallization direction can be controlled, the growth direction of polysilicon is controlled, the size of the crystal particle is raised, and the electron migration rate of polysilicon is improved.


Abstract Interactions between methyl orange and cationic bilayer membranes constructed from a dialkyl amphiphile with a β-alanyl-L-glutamoyl head group were investigated. The chiral bilayers undergo a gel to liquid crystal phase transition to give rise to the reversible chirality change from - 8 × 104 to + 11 × 104 deg cm2 dmol−1 near the phase transition temperature. Methyl orange combines with the cationic membranes to give three kinds of spectra, belonging to the surface-oriented chiral dimer and the monomer and incorporated achiral monomer, in response to the phase transition of the bilayer membrane.


Berenger's PML technique is modified to allow for the absorption of evanescent waves, as well as propagating waves, in FDTD modeling of wave propagation in planar waveguiding structures. Analytical results are used to illustrate the validity and capability of the proposed modification. Results from FDTD and compact 2D-FDTD simulations demonstrate its performance.<<ETX>>


Articles and fiction dealing with atomics and nuclear physics has been a part of science fiction and a literature of speculation and prediction. Some of the different themes of science fiction are the san/me as earlier years, and are highlighted.


The stipulation of Article 64 in our country's Contract Law is simple,particularly there's no prescription about the relative rights of the third party.In the respect of academic interpretation and judicial practice,the third party essentially has the performing claim to debtor according to contract law.In the respect of comparative law,the third party should have the independent rights of asserting liabilities for breaching contract to the delinquent debtor.Contract Law should clear these two points consulting on the basis of legislative cases.


Intensive care is needed while designing Piping, valves, storage tanks and other safety critical components for safer handling of liquids without containment of liquid loss. Pipe wreckages, Flow impediments, Valve failures are few communalfeatures that causes flow loss of water subsequently leads to shutdown of water supply at least for 12 hours. In Oman, the potable water distribution networksare keenly monitored by SCADA system that offers a comprehensivedata about the flow rate & flow pressure through the network. Here in this paper, an effort taken to designing and developing an Arduino based automated flow management device is discussed in brief. Need of water is almost zero during night time and peak at morning hours. So demand based flow management is insisted here to solve the issues existing in supply vs need. A theoretical flow is modelled here to extract optimal flow parameters for a safe water transportation through existing pipe network. A prototype water transporting network is fabricated as well to arrive to an agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. From the results, critical zones are identified for periodical monitoring. With the aid of OFT, a flow animation tool; the flow parameters are visualized at the critical zone. A microcontroller based flow management system is recommended to for water transporting networks to manage the flow rate on demand. The device is incorporated in the OFT tool for validating the safe operation all through the operating time. It is believed that the microcontroller based automated system would be a great support for DIAM, the water distributing authorities in Oman.


Auto-targeting fire sprinkler system is an intelligent fire extinguishing equipment that used in interior large space. An auto-targeting fire sprinkler system was designed; the compositions and working principle were also expounded in detail. The water trajectory equation was deduced and simulated by Matlab software according to the principle of particle kinematics, ballistics, and fluid mechanics. The relationship among working pressure, pitch angle, installation height and jet range, flow landing speed was analyzed. The results show that the fire sprinkler system can satisfy the design requirements, and the water trajectory equation basically concides with the actual situation, which can provide some theoretical references for the fire precision location.


When high-strength gels are industrially used, predicting the life expectancy by grasping the behavior of destruction and fatigue when repetitively deformed in places used as gels means that comfort and safety as a product In this study, we developed a fatigue monitoring gel which can measure the deformation frequency and fatigue degree of the gel and carried out a fatigue test as a physical property evaluation.


The article discusses aspects of housing merchandising in China: the goal of merchandising, the key to merchandising, the breakthrough to merchandising and a necessary environment for merchandising. Suggestions are made on what principle should be followed in the distribution of housing, and what initial steps should and can be taken before it is possible to exchange housing as a commodity of equal value.


In two-action generalized polymatrix games, Nash equilibria are support-type-symmetric, i.e., determined by supports for each type of player. We show that such a property does not generalize straightforwardly for games with at least three actions or where interaction weights have different signs (neither all positive nor negative). A non-trivial condition on interaction weights must be satisfied, which may go unnoticed as it is trivially satisfied for: (i) two-action games, (ii) conformity games, and (iii) congestion games. We derive this condition and the corresponding simplified analytic equation for mixed strategies.


Four main concepts through the case described in the context of the experience, they are as follows: Embrace hope, Struggle for life, Reflect on life, and Meet in regret. The added bonus is that patients appreciate the opportunity to express the feeling of suffering. Through the one-on-one talks between nursing staff and patients, the patients re-examine their past life, and re-establish the meaning of life. Patients' lived experience of chemotherapy after mastectomy:


The software reusability-based development process and reusable objects modeling are discussed. The supporting tools environment which allows both the developer and user to carry out requirement definitions, specification, and implementation in a reusable way, is described. Some quantitative evaluations are given about how productivity and quality have been improved by using this environment, based on the results of a number of case studies made at development sites. Reusability has been largely improved by a software specification adjustment method, called differential specification, and the direct transformation capability offered in the environment.<<ETX>>


We demonstrate fourth order dispersion compensation of fiber using a pulse shaper to synthesize a sub-800 MHz flat-top microwave photonic filter based on a wideband optical parametric comb.


Abstract Sigma factor (SIG) proteins contribute to promoter specificity of the plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase during chloroplast genome transcription. All six members of the SIG family, that is, SIG1–SIG6, are nuclear‐encoded proteins targeted to chloroplasts. Sigma factor 2 (SIG2) is a phytochrome‐regulated protein important for stoichiometric control of the expression of plastid‐ and nuclear‐encoded genes that impact plastid development and plant growth and development. Among SIG factors, SIG2 is required not only for transcription of chloroplast genes (i.e., anterograde signaling), but also impacts nuclear‐encoded, photosynthesis‐related, and light signaling‐related genes (i.e., retrograde signaling) in response to plastid functional status. Although SIG2 is involved in photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis, the molecular bases for its role in light signaling that impacts photomorphogenesis and aspects of photosynthesis have only recently begun to be investigated. Previously, we reported that SIG2 is necessary for phytochrome‐mediated photomorphogenesis specifically under red (R) and far‐red light, thereby suggesting a link between phytochromes and nuclear‐encoded SIG2 in light signaling. To explore transcriptional roles of SIG2 in R‐dependent growth and development, we performed RNA sequencing analysis to compare gene expression in sig2‐2 mutant and Col‐0 wild‐type seedlings at two developmental stages (1‐ and 7‐day). We identified a subset of misregulated genes involved in growth, hormonal cross talk, stress responses, and photosynthesis. To investigate the functional relevance of these gene expression analyses, we performed several comparative phenotyping tests. In these analyses, strong sig2 mutants showed insensitivity to bioactive GA 3, high intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) indicative of a stress response, and specific defects in photosynthesis, including elevated levels of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). We demonstrated that SIG2 regulates a broader range of physiological responses at the molecular level than previously reported, with specific roles in red‐light‐mediated photomorphogenesis.


When operating the railway by constructing the new railroad track or improving the conventional line, The risk factors such as poor construction/improvement, reduction of the period of excessive work and etc. for rail safety has remained. In order to protect the public from safety hazards that can occur during operation, the result review system for comprehensive running test was introduced by revising the Railroad Safety Act ('14.3.19 : enforcement). At present the business of result review in 2014~2015 doing business opening has been successfully promoted. As this study, the step-by-step procedures, methods and etc. about comprehensive running test including result review system were compared and analyzed. Also, the year/route business performances were confirmed by investigating the application example of result review system in 2014~2015. The development directions such as revision of the current enforcement guidance and etc. about comprehensive running test were derived


Through analyzing the machining process of Archimedes worm,this paper introduced a method of Archimedes worm's precise modeling in the environment of UG.A practical example is demonstrated.


This article explores the relationship between Heidegger's phenomenological ontology and Maurice Leenhardt's ethnographic study of New Caledonia. For Leenhardt, the kamo, or authentic person, was a participatory personage existing in relationship with other humans, with nature and with mythic beings. He used the term mythe vécu (living myth) to argue for an under-standing of myth that was grounded in experience, rather than narrative, and to elaborate his understanding of a uniquely Melanesian mode of Being. I argue that, as well as echoing some of Heidegger's insights, Leenhardt's view of mythic consciousness has much in common with Sartre's analysis of emotional consciousness. The 'experience' I refer to in this discussion is that of the Hula, on the south-east coast of Papua New Guinea. Drawing also on some other Melanesian ethnography, I suggest that an existentialist perspective not only extends the relevance of Leenhardt's interpretation of myth but also constitutes an important development in our understanding of Melanesian ontology.


Study Design. Postoperative back muscle injury was evaluated in rats by magnetic resonance imaging and histologic analyses. Objective. To compare the magnetic resonance imaging manifestation of back muscle injury with the histologic findings in rats and to subsequently clarify the histopathologic appearance of the high intensity regions on T2-weighted images in human postoperative back muscles. Summary of Background Data. In a previous study, it was found that the signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the postoperative back muscles was increased in patients who had postsurgical lumbar muscle impairment, especially in those with a prolonged surgery duration. However, the specific histopathologic changes that cause the high signal intensity on T2-weighted images remain unclear. Methods. Rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, 1-hour retraction group, and 2-hour retraction group. Magnetic resonance imaging and histology of the multifidus muscles were examined before surgery and at 2, 7, and 21 days after surgery. Results. T2-weighted imaging was more useful than T1-weighted imaging to estimate back muscle injury. The high signal intensity of the multifidus muscles on T2-weighted images remained 21 days after surgery only in the 2-hour retraction group. Histologically, the regeneration of the multifidus muscles was complete at 21 days after surgery in the 1-hour retraction group, but the regenerated muscle fibers in the 2-hour retraction group had a small diameter, and the extracellular fluid space remained large. Conclusion. The high signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the postoperative multifidus muscles in the regenerative phase may be due to an increased extracellular space and incomplete muscle fiber regeneration.


Visualizing a volume dataset with ray-casting which of visualization methods provides high quality image. However it spends too much time for rendering because the size of volume data are huge. Recently, various researches have been proposed to accelerate GPU-based volume rendering to solve these problems. In this paper, we propose an efficient GPU-based empty space skipping to accelerate volume ray-casting using octree traversal. This method creates min-max octree and searches empty space using vertex splitting. It minimizes the bounding polyhedron by eliminating empty space found in the octree traveral step. The rendering results of our method are identical to those of previous GPU-based volume ray-casting, with the advantage of faster run-time because of using minimized bounding polyhedron.


Half way through 2014, and at the end of the first year of the third Nawaz Sharif government, the attention is focused on two of these imperatives: extremism and governance. Pakistan faces a triple challenge in this regard: from the resurgence of militant mullahs in the capital to the power struggle inherent in the government-military relationship, the most recent chapter being the government's entanglement with the independent media. How these challenges play out


Anaerobic co-digestion strategies has become the development trend of biogas engineerin g. Most of the lab researches and engineering projects only stay on the two kinds of material mixed fermentation. In order to further solve the problem of raw material shortage and nutritional imbalan ce, multiple-feedstocks anaerobic co-digestion has become a hotspot of research. This study selected cow manure and maize straw anaerobic fermentation system to add vegetable waste as the third mix ed material. Under mesophilic condition (37±1℃), a bench-scale experiment based on anaerobic co -digestion process of this multipe-feedstocks mixtures was conducted in a fed-batch single phase rea ctor. The biogas production performance was analyzed under different material mixture ratios as R1 ~R9. Compared with 12.65 and 4.22, when the TS ratio of cow manure and maize straw was 6.34 (R 4, R5), the system has the best performance in biogas production. Excess vegetable waste (75 g) led to serious acidification phenomena in R3, R6 and R9, as daily gas production quickly dropped to al most no gas before the 5th day. By adding appropriate amount of NaOH solution to adjust pH to 7.5 0, through 10 ~ 15 days of recovery, methane bacteria activity gradually restored and therewith the gas production rate increase. In terms of gas production performance, R4>R5>R2>R1>R7>R8. R4 had the highest biogas production with 8870 mL cumulative biogas production, 311.12 mL·g -1 TS biogas yield of feedstock and 66.1% methane percentage.


Lonergan has been regarded as a peerless interpreter of Thomas; no one has therefore questioned the adequacy of his Thomistic interpretations in his doctoral work on operative grace in Thomas. In this work, the author breaks new ground in questioning the accuracy of Lonergan's interpretations. Contents: Introduction. PART I: Thomas' Early Work; Thomas' Theory of the Human Will; A Text From the Early Thomas (Sentences). PART II: Thomas of the Middle Period (^BDe Veritae). PART III: Thomas in the Late Period. (Summa, De Malo). PART IV: Lonergan's Interpretation of Thomas; The Context of the Article; Internal Criticism; Argument from Silence; Doctrinal Implications. PART V: Lonergan and Justification; Luther's Teaching on Free Will; Calvin on Free Will; The Council of Trent and Human Freedom; Lonergan on Justification and Free Will; Conclusion. PART VI: The Investigation Widened; The First Influence; The Second Influence; The Fourth Influence: Activity and Passivity of the Will; Conclusion.


Introduction Much of the information that is placed online is not on an individual's or an institution's personal server, but rather makes use of external sites and services: images are uploaded to Flickr; videos to YouTube; presentations to SlideShare; and comments to Twitter. Such sites and services not only ease the publishing process for individuals, but also enable the delivery of content that has the potential to go viral. There are advantages and disadvantages for web metrics. On the one hand external sites and services can provide additional or more complete metrics: they provide a large amount of data structured in the same manner, and it is theoretically possible for all data that meets a particular criterion to be retrieved. On the other hand metrics are severely limited to the functionality that the service allows; although the data may be structured, the website may not facilitate access to this data. With such a wide range of services available, from a web analytic point of view it is necessary for librarians to ask which services are worthwhile (Vucovich et al., 2013), and at what point to stop spending the time and effort on a service. As with the web metrics discussed in the previous chapter, social media metrics offer the potential for a far wider range of insights than those into a library's own web presence. A handful of individual sites and services with hundreds of millions of users can also provide insights into a range of realworld user behaviour, forming the basis of a wide range of webometric investigations. This chapter starts by considering the types of social network site that are available and the types of social network site content that librarians may be interested in evaluating. This is followed by a closer look at some of the popular social network sites that may form the basis of a web metric investigation, previous investigations that have taken place, and some of the tools that are available.


By the introduction of a new multiplying operator,-fuzzy valued integrals were defined to aim at fuzzy valued functions.On this basis the necessary and sufficient conditions to the uniform integrability of sequences of fuzzy valued functions were given,and the implication relations between uniform integrability of sequences of fuzzy valued functions and the uniformly boundedness of the their fuzzy valued integrals were studied.


found his condition becoming more critical, and his pupils unaffected, I increased the dose to twenty-two and a half minims, and subsequently to thirty minims, and gave it him every two hours. From this time, he gradually improved, his pupils began to dilate, but were never very large, the general muscular rigidity diminished, he could open his jaws slightly, his face became less anxious, and he expressed himself much relieved, particularly in breathing; he could move his head from side to side, but his back and legs were still so rigid as to prevent him sitting up or bending his knees. After ten days of this treatment, he was able to walk out for a short distance with the aid of a crutch and stick, but was still unable to bend his knees, and could not raise himself from the recumbent posture without assistance. I made no change for eight days longer, and then ordered him to take his mixture every three hours. He continued to make a steady progress, and resumed work about the middle of July. In concluding these brief notes, some points I observed during the treatment of these cases, are, I think worthy of mention, and foremost amongst these is the remarkable tolerance of the drug by the patients, and the absence of the usual therapeutic effects beyond the action on the pupils, even after large and long continued doses had been taken. In my first patient, through some inadvertence of the dispenser, the belladonna was discontinued for twenty-four hours, when the tetanic symptoms set in again with renewed vigour, but rapidly abated as soon as the error was rectified. In the second patient, the arms did not become affected, although the thumb was the seat of injury, and in the first case the arms were equally affected with the rest of the body, although the injury was at the knee. In the second patient, who was at once placed under the belladonna treatment, the symptoms gave way much more readily than in the first. That the recovery of these patients is due, not to any idiosyncracy on their part, but to the action of the belladonna, is, I think, borne out by the fact, that the cases were consecutive, and the only ones in which I have tried that drug. I should be glad if I had been able to report others, but shall be pleased to hear that the experience of other medical men confirms my statement. It has occurred to me that a close analogy as to cause and effect exists between tetanus and hydrophobia, both being dependent upon the action of a poison exerting itself on the spinal cord, and, that if belladonna be found capable of controlling the disordered condition in the former, it might also in the latter, by checking the spasm, be equally efficacious, and allow time for the system to eliminate the poison. JOHN WHITELEY, WM.R.C.S.E. Wakefield, September 27th, I882.


Understanding ethical fashion consumers in Korea is essential for the expansion of the ethical fashion market. This study analyzed ethical consumers in Korea in an examination of the factors that influence ethical purchase behavior and attitudes. The differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers were investigated using eight variables (perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), self-direction, benevolence, universalism, social responsibility, perceived behavioral control, face saving, and group conformity). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire through both on-line and off-line surveys from April 20 to June 7, 2009. Only the respondents knowledgeable of ethical products or ethical consumption were asked to complete the questionnaire. A total of 494 samples were used for analyses. Using independent samples t-test, the differences in each variable between two groups were examined. There were significant differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers in attitudes toward ethical consumption behavior, behavioral intention, PCE, self-direction, universalism, social responsibility, and face saving variables. The factors influencing attitude and behavior intention were investigated by step-wise regression analyses. For ethical fashion consumers, the attitudes to ethical consumption behavior were largely influenced by PCE and benevolence. Social responsibility was the most predictable variable in guiding behavioral intention. Behavioral intention was also influenced by benevolence and attitude. Group conformity was found to be negatively correlated with behavioral intention. The findings of this study provide significant guidance for marketers of ethical fashion products. This study is the start of ethical fashion consumer research in Korea and can develop into variable subfields in the future.


Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is estimated to affect 15% of all diabetic individuals during their lifetime. Management requires a multisystem approach. Various techniques have been tried to treat chronic ulcers, but none was proved to be ideal. Methods: This is a prospective randomised comparative study, where 56 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted in dept of surgery SSG hospital, Baroda, india were divided into two comparable groups. Of which 28 underwent topical phenytoin dressings, remaining 28 underwent Betadine dressing (5% w/v povidone – iodine solution). The variables were compared after 14 days based on rate of granulation tissue formation as percentage of ulcer surface area, wound culture-sensitivity and duration of hospital stay. Chi square test was used to compare the data at each of the assessment point in both groups. Results: In Phenytoin group, the mean rate of healthy granulation tissue formation was 60.71%, and mean hospital stay was 23.96 days with negative culture sensitivity was 54%. The Betadine group showed, the mean rate of granulation tissue formation was 11%, and mean hospital stay was 35 days with negative culture sensitivity was 18%. Conclusions: Topical phenytoin dressing considered as superior and cost effective in management of diabetic ulcers.


Abstract : Let T, X(t), and C denote the time to failure, the accumulated damage by time t, and the 'critical' damage. Let F be the distribution function of T. Let 'E' stand for the event of the component undergoing damage and (t sub n) denote the sequence of intervals of time between successive occurrences of 'E'. Let T sub n = summation over n of t sub i and Y sub i denote the amount of damage experienced at time T sub n. Assume (t sub n, Y sub n) is a sequence of independent, identically distributed variables with distribution function H(t,y) , so that (t sub n) and (Y sub n) are renewal processes. The inequality F(t) < or = H(t,infinity) is obtained with equality if and only if C = 0. For 'E', a Poisson process, sufficient conditions are given for F, to be IHR and DMR. The classes of distribution functions are considered with the topology of complete convergence. Empirical estimates for F from observing occurrences of 'E' are given.


Epidemiological studies show that early life stress (ELS) is linked to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. We used a model of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) to study the mechanisms of ELS-mediated adult vascular dysfunction in male C57BL/6J mice. MSEW litters were subjected to maternal separation 4h/day (postnatal day (PD) 2 to 5) and 8h/day (PD6 to 16), and weaned at PD17. Control (CON) litters were undisturbed until weaning at PD21. All subsequent experiments were performed in adult mice (12 weeks old). We hypothesized that MSEW increases vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in male mice. Systolic blood pressure (tail-cuff) of MSEW mice was not different from CON mice (109.3 + 10.9 vs 116.7 + 20.8 mmHg, respectively). Circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (CON: 333.5 + 19.4 vs MSEW: 406.2 + 23.1 ng/ml; p = 0.03) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (CON: 737.4 + 19.6 vs MSEW: 945.3 + 65.4 pg/ml; p = 0.01) were elevated by MSEW. Also, aortic adventitial macrophage infiltration was increased in mice exposed to MSEW (F4/80 immunostaining; CON: 2.8 + 2.3 vs MSEW: 7.0 + 2.2 cells/mm 2 ; p = 0.05). We performed wire myography on thoracic aortae to determine vasorelaxation with cumulative concentration-response curve to acetylcholine (ACh; 1 X 10 -9 M to 3 X 10 -5 M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1 X 10 -10 M to 3 X 10 -5 M). MSEW induced blunted ACh-mediated vasorelaxation (MSEW: 67.6 + 5.8 vs CON: 89.9 + 2.7 % of phenylephrine constriction (% of PE), p = 0.01), while SNP-induced vasorelaxation was similar in CON and MSEW mice. We further hypothesized that MSEW-induced endothelial dysfunction is mediated via increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed upregulation of HDAC 1, 6 and 9 in aortae of MSEW mice (1.28 + 0.12, 1.28 + 0.18 and 1.65 + 0.05 fold change from CON, respectively, p


The World Wide Web offers access to information resources in many languages. Certain developments facilitate multilingual exploitation of these resources. Some search engines, for example, allow the user to restrict retrieved sites to those in particular languages; some also provide the searcher with an interface in a chosen language. Many web sites also offer their information in several languages, one of which typically is English. Systran, a machine translation system available from the AltaVista search engine, can even translate a search statement or a retrieved page from one language to another. Despite these features, however, language also creates obstacles to full exploitation of web resources. Not all languages are catered for by these multilingual tools. Machine translation output typically is but a rough and ready version of a human translation. The variety of scripts in which the written forms of the world's languages appear also create major problems in searching, inputting, displaying and printing text in non‐roman scripts. The paper offers an overview of multilingual information access issues in relation to the Web.


This paper presents the development and field trial results of a unified power quality controller (UPQC). It is used to compensate power quality issues like voltage sags, swells, voltage unbalance, flicker, reactive currents and current harmonics. It is a combination of a shunt active filter as well as a series compensating stage connected before the load in series with the power network using a matching transformer. A 250 kVA UPQC is developed at Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Trivandrum, India and is under field trial at the centre. The principle of the proposed UPQC is discussed in detail. The performance of UPQC is evaluated by estimating the quality improvement in voltage and currents


Patients in some of the poorest parts of the UK may be forced to pay an extra charge for their prescriptions, after plans by pharmacy chain Boots to introduce an administration charge of £3 a week for dispensing drugs using a monitored dose system, such as Nomad or Manerex.

The decision could mean the introduction of a new form of postcode prescribing, one local medical committee has warned.

Monitored dose systems are commonly used by elderly patients who often have to take four or more …


A new approach to formulation of eye drops containing the active substances, taurine and adjuvant polymers such as dextran, poly(hexamethyleneguanidine)hydrochloride and Sovidon is proposed. According to this, the eye drops formulation must be started with studying the physicochemical properties of the polymer and taurine solutions, particularly from evaluation of their surface tension and wettability of the substrate similar to mucous layer of lacrimal film. The optimal values of solution concentrations providing effective delivery of drugs into intracellular space of epithelial cells were determined.


It cannot be denied that the advent of additional laws leads to the increase of law violators, and with the intensive campaign of law enforcements against criminality, prison congestion came into existence. This dreadful congestion of the prison cells may also be attributed to the delays in the resolution of prisoners' pending cases and the inaccurate manual monitoring of qualified prisoners due for early release from the jails to the Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP). Because of this, prisoners are deprived of their early liberty. Moreover, their continuous confinement adds burden to the expenses of the government.


Although in CNMARC makes by no means regarding the collection recording item stipulated explicitly,various libraries may act according to own actual situation to carry on the definition to it, but from is advantageous for the reader to use the periodical the angle to embark, this article author thought in to the periodical catalog or in the maintenance periodical data process, the 690$a sub-field should be consistent with the periodical collection information maintenance, like this only then may let the reader use the collection periodical conveniently.


We have succeeded in pulsed laser annealing of N + ion-implanted n-type 6H-SiC for increasing the carrier density near surface in order to decrease contact resistance, which induces little redistribution of implanted impurities after laser irradiation. By repeated laser irradiation at low energy density, the ion–implanted impurities were electrically activated without melting the surface region. SiC substrates with impurity concentration of 2×10 18 /cm 3 were implanted with 30 keV N + ions with dose of 4.7×10 13 /cm 2 . After pulsed laser annealing, a contact resistance was measured to be 5.7×10 −5 Ωcm 2 using Al electrode on the N + -implanted layer.


Aim: To investigate the use of intramedullary screw for fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures including indications, preoperative planning, operative technique, and complications during the study period. Setting and design: Prospectively we used intramedullary screw for fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures either nondisplaced, minimally displaced guided by fluoroscopy. Patients and methods: The study included 20 patients after obtaining informed consent who underwent mid-shaft clavicle fractures using intramedullary screw fixation between February 2018 and January 2019. Statistical analysis used: The software for statistical package for social sciences for Windows 10 was used for all statistical calculations. Each variable was tested for its normal value using the Mann-Whitney Test and exact P values were calculated. Significance was set at the P value of less than 0.05. Results: All cases had "good to excellent" functional results according to the Constant and Murley shoulder score. Conclusion: Our results show that intramedullary screw fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures inserted from the lateral to the medial fragment is a simple, reliable and effective method of treatment with overall satisfactory functional and cosmetic results and low morbidity. Key-words:Mid-shaft Clavicle fracture Screw fixation Intramedullary. Key Messages Intramedullary screw fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures is a safe and relatively easy surgical procedure to treat mid-shaft clavicle fracture with several advantages. a Department of Orthopaedic, Mansoura international specialized hospital , Mansoura, Egypt. b Department Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt Correspondence to: Waleed B. Abdelreheem, Department of Orthopaedic, Mansoura international specialized hospital, Mansoura Egypt.


Measurements of boundary layer development and heat transfer were made in the entrance region of a parallel passage and compared with a computer solution based on the law of the wall. Little difference was found between the heat transfer, both measured and predicted, with a developing flow and that predicted with a fully developed flow. The experiments also show that boundary layer parameters, such as momentum thickness, do not approach their fully developed values asymptotically.


This book is a collection of nine essays. Except for the last
 chapter, all the essays were written between 1978 and 1990 and are
 extentions of an earlier work, Language, Religion, and Politics in North
 India (Cambridge University Press) published by the author in 1974. Two
 main arguments constitute the theme of the book. First, that ethnicity
 and nationalism are social and political constructions of modern
 conditions rather than reflections of primordial identities. Second,
 that both these constructions are related to the role of a centralising
 state. They depend upon the kinds of alliances that are made between the
 state and the regional or other non-dominant elites. As such, ethnicity
 and nationalism are seen as the outcome of interactions between the
 state leadership and the elites from non-dominant ethnic groups,
 especially the groups on the peripheries of such states.


A new method is proposed to reduce the radar cross-section (RCS) by generalizing and combining phase cancellation and polarization conversion methods. In the proposed technique, similar to the polarization conversion method, only one unit-cell is used. The surface of the RCS reducer consists of arrays of this unit-cell in which each array is rotated 90 degrees relative to its side arrays. Unlike previous RCS reduction methods wherein the cells (in a periodic arrangement) either do not rotate the polarization of the reflected wave or rotate it 90 degrees, in the proposed generalized method, the unit-cells can rotate the polarization of the reflected wave arbitrarily. For this purpose, no symmetry is considered in the design of the unit-cell. The theory of the proposed RCS reduction method has been developed mathematically. Then, as a proof of concept, a unit-cell was designed using a pattern optimization method based on the pixelization of the cell's surface and applying a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that a 10-dB monostatic RCS reduction bandwidth is obtained from 2.85 GHz to 10.49 GHz (115% fractional bandwidth).


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of bone marrow (BM) plasma cells, associated with monoclonal protein secreted from tumor cells in the blood and/or urine. Patients with MM suffer from destructive bone lesions, anemia, immunodeficiency, renal failure, hyperviscosity syndrome, and so on. MM accounts for 1% of all cancers and more than 10% of all hematological malignancies in the world. Despite recent advances in treatment including high-dose therapy and novel agents such as bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide, MM mostly remains incurable due to development of drug resistance in the context of BM microenvironment [1-4]. To overcome this drug resistance, a range of therapeutic approaches has been developed in recent years [5]. Specifically, a new generation of proteasome inhibitors including carfilzomib, ixazomib, and marizomib has been used in the clinic or clinical trials. Pomalidomide, a new class of immunomodulators (IMiDs), has also been added to the clinical options. An HDAC inhibitor panobinostat is currently available in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. Moreover, Monoclonal antibodies such as elotuzumab (anti-CS1) and daratumumab (anti-CD38) have been developed for clinical use. However, to achieve the cure of myeloma, different types of strategies are still needed since this disease possesses heterogeneity and complicated biology that enable it to acquire drug resistance. There have emerged novel aspects of therapeutic approaches such as 〔Chiba Medical J. 93E:17 ~ 23, 2017〕


For engaging tissue, e.g., sandwiching the tissue to close the perforation, or hemostatic medical device for performing, instruments, and methods are provided. Medical device (20) is generally a housing (42), the first and second jaw members rotatable (44, 46) relative to said housing, a drive member (48), an elongated drive wire ( 22) and a. Elongate drive wire, the drive member, the first and second jaws, and separated from the housing, these members are left in the body in engagement with the tissue.


The gamma-secretase complex mediates the final cleavage of APP to generate the principal component of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Four integral membrane proteins (PS, NCT, PEN-2 and APH-1) are essential and sufficient for gamma-secretase activity. To identify the promoter of human nicastrin gene (NCT ), its 5'-flanking region has been characterized and a 270 bp fragment containing the TSS(transcription start site) for the promoter activity has been identified. EMSA assays confirmed that all four AP-1 binding sites and two NFAT sites in the NCT promoter region were able to bind relative transcription factors in vitro. Mutations, as well as treatment with PDTC, which adjust the regulatory effect of AP-1 and NFAT, altered NCT promoter activity in both HeLa cells and rat cortical neurons. The results demonstrated that AP-1 and NFAT are involved in the regulation of hNCT transcription and suggest that balanced activation of AP-1 and NFAT ensures a strict temporal and tissue-specific control of NCT transcription.


The 2022 Indonesian presidency was a critical juncture in the history of the Group of 20 (G20). Indonesia took over the presidency at a time when surging tensions between the U.S., China and Russiaimpeded concerted action by the G20 essential to secure sustainable and equitable recovery and long-term growth. Following the launch of the special military operation in Ukraine, the Group of 7 (G7) put immense pressure on the presidency to expel Russia from G20 activities. Emerging market countries wanted Russia to remain a member and regarded the pressure as an effort to enhance the G7's dominance in the forum's decision-making. Their choice was in favour of the G20, which can cooperate as an institute equally owned by emerging market and advanced countries, thus driving reform and restoring multilateralism. The G20 was deeply split. The presidency managed to save the agenda and ensured that the G20 remained a premier forum of cooperation between advanced and emerging economies in which the voice of the emerging economies at the negotiating table was strong and pluralism prevailed. This article analyses how the G20 survived the crisis activated by exogeneous and endogenous shocks in 2022 and whether and how it transformed in the course of this critical juncture. The article presents a qualitative case study of G20 dynamics in 2022, tracing interactions of the interdependent variables—actors, institutions, and agendas. The study applies a systemic process analysis and content analysis of the key actors' narratives. The article starts with a review of the G20's state-of play at the Indonesian presidency's takeover from Italy and examines the new presidency's agenda. It then outlines the main challenges the world and the G20 faced in early 2022, just before the eruption of the crisis. It goes on to explore the tensions within the G20, the roles played by the presidency, the G7, and the BRICS group formed by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The author focuses on the endeavor by Joko Widodo's team to steer the G20 through the external pressures and internal confrontations, forge collective decisions on the presidency's priorities, save the institution as a catalyst for global economic recovery, and advance an agenda that would respond to developing countries' interests. It concludes by summing up variables affecting the G20's performance and development in 2022 and the causes of its resilience.


This paper describes the method and outcomes of an investigation into the integrated watering requirements of high value wetlands along the River Murray system from Lake Hume to the Murray Mouth. The purpose of the investigation was to identify watering requirements for wetlands throughout this section of the River Murray to assist development and analysis of environmental flow options for the River Murray. The desktop investigation involved the identification and ranking of high value wetlands from more than 1000 wetlands hydrologically linked to flows in the River Murray, to produce a focus set of wetlands. The investigation comprised a macro-scale environmental flow determination, termed an inundation frequency analysis. This method links the wetland vegetation water requirements with river flows through flood frequency analyses. Seasonality, timing, duration and frequency of flooding necessary to maintain the floral and faunal attributes were also identified. Outputs included collation of commence-to-flow (river effluent) levels for wetlands and an initial identification of internal structural works for wetlands enabling alteration of wetland flooding and drying cycles.


Motivated by the search of a concept of linearity in the theory of arithmetic differential equations we introduce here an arithmetic analogue of Lie algebras and a concept of skew arithmetic differential cocycles. We will then construct such skew cocycles, based on certain remarkable lifts of Frobenius for the classical groups $GL_n, SL_n, SO_n, Sp_{n}$. The theory for $GL_n$, especially on the Galois side, will be further developed in a sequel to this paper.


This chapter introduces drug abuse as a widespread public health problem with several medical complications that are infectious due to the transmission of blood-borne, environmental, and respiratory infectious agents. An ongoing opioid epidemic has changed the face of addiction in the United States and Canada and resulted in many publications about medical complications associated with substance abuse. Non-injection and injecting drug users (DUs/IDUs) are less likely to access care and maintain adherence for optimal benefit due to social and access factors related to criminalization and economic status. Endocarditis has emerged as the most serious infectious complication in the injection user. The chapter highlights complications due to intravenous drug use that include pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, lung abscess, and septic pulmonary emboli.


The new ligand 2 , 1 -bis ( 2 5 − -thiolethysulphide) -1, 3, 4oxadiazole-2yl) ethane (BTESOE) was prepared from the reaction of 1, 2bis-( 2 5 − chloro ethylsulphide)1,3,4-oxadiazol-2yl) ethane with sodium sulphide in aqueous ethanol solution. The ligand was characterized using IR, UV/Vis, H-n.m.r, C-n.m.r, mass spectroscopies and molar conductivity. BTESOE was employed to synthesize four complexes with metals (M (II): Cu, Ni, Co and Hg), the complexes were studied using IR, UV/Vis, atomic spectroscopies, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibilities techniques. The results showed that each of these complexes has an octahedral geometry structures.


The Second World War was no exception to the general rule that catastrophic events provide a stimulus to political thought. Nor is it surprising that much wartime thinking attempted to re-evaluate the connection between domestic and international problems, for Nazi German expansion and the 'New Order' shattered the established system of separate nation-states. Thus many contemporaries arrived at the conclusion that European peace and progress could be assured only if the political and economic organization of the continent were reconstituted on an international basis.l The impetus given to this idea of European Unity during the war years has been stressed by the historians of European integration.2 However, comparatively little attention has so far been paid to British political thinking on 'Europe' at this time and virtually nothing has been said about the particular contribution of the British left. Instead it has generally been assumed that British socialists were as indifferent or hostile to the concept of European unity during the war as they were to the reality of west European integration after it. There is some justification for this assumption for neither of the two dominant sections of the British left the Labour leadership and the Communist Party was attracted by the idea. Nevertheless, while the notion of European Unity was never supported by more than a minority of the British left, there were some socialist individuals and movements who held it to be of crucial importance. Their ideas and hopes therefore deserve more attention than they have so far received. Such socialist advocates of European Unity were inevitably heterogeneous in character, but the majority nevertheless possessed


Hermetically sealed semiconductor devices containing gallium arsenide (GaAs) and RF absorbers, utilizing industry gate metallization structures have been shown to leach out hydrogen in ambient as well as environmental conditioning which poison and shorten the life of the device. This paper describes manufacturing and application of getter for hydrogen, moisture and particulate to solve problem of degradation due to these contaminants. A brief history describing sources of hydrogen and mechanisms for device degradation by hydrogen is also presented in this paper.


ABSTRACT The following article consists of an introduction by the first author, an annotated translation by the second, and then an analysis by the first, of the earliest known Scandinavian response to the Vampire phenomenon of Medvedia in 1732 by Nicolaus Boye, a state-employed physician residing in Stockholm. The translation shows that Boye's own article, which constitutes a complete refutation of Johann Flückinger's claims, was meticulously organised, abstracting and arguing against the major themes which he observed in the Visum et Repertum, while the analysis shows that Boye was working under the topical medical theories of the Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave. The analysis also demonstrates the extent to which Boye's rationalism in refuting the Visum at Repertum is informed by his Lutheranism and belief in the Day of Judgement, and concludes by showing examples of the impact his work exerted on other academics in the 1730s.


This presentation treats about intellectual property rights in relation of ways of transfer of these rights. The transfer of intellectual property rights represents the modality recognized by the law as way of acquired rights and this may be made by assignment or license agreements or by succession. In order to have a complete and clear view of the transfer of intellectual property rights it is necessary and useful to analyze the acquired rights, specifying how the acquisition of rights, limiting of these rights (exceptions of conferred rights), and the way of termination of the rights. Also will be presented persons holding and acquiring the intellectual property rights by one of the way recognized by the law.


A centrosymmetric matrix being symmetric about its center h as wide range of applications in antenna array, quantum physics, mechanical and electrical systems, pattern recog niti n, communication theory, speech analysis, digital fil ters and linear prediction. The structure of centrosymmetric ma trices provides computationally efficient results in compl ex algorithms. Many applications such as pattern recognition feature selection, a uniform linear antenna array, vibrati on in structures and quantum mechanical oscillator benefit from t his inherent structure of centrosymmetric matrices [ 2,3,4].


Although inflammation is a normal bodily response to injury, a prolonged inflammatory response can be detrimental for patients. To avoid the deleterious effects associated with prolonged inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents are often utilized, which can have many side effects. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., known locally as temu ireng, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential natural alternative to existing anti-inflammatory agents, as this plant is used in traditional medicines to treat health problems caused by inflammation. This research aimed to identify natural alternatives to existing anti-inflammatory agents, and potential compounds were examined for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using an erythrocyte membrane stabilization test. In addition, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was measured in mice using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema method, followed by the measurement with a plethysmometer. The evaluation of erythrocyte membrane stabilization activity showed that the EC50 value for the positive control, indomethacin (26.4 ± 2.9 mg/mL) was lower than that for C. aeruginosa (47.8 ± 1.6 mg/mL). The results of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method returned significant area under the curve AUC values for 100 mg/kg C. aeruginosa treatment (8.26 ± 0.50) compared with both the normal (10.01 ± 0.33) and drug control (6.50 ± 0.10) groups. Therefore, C. aeruginosa rhizome extracts have the potential for development as natural anti-inflammatory agents.


I read with interest the article by Moinpour et al.(1). I was surprised by the selection of only five primary outcome measures. Three of these measures focus on known side effects of flutamide. Given that quality of life was measured for only the first 6 months of this study, one would expect worse quality-of-life outcomes among patients taking flutamide, even when side effects occur among a relatively small group of patients (7% versus 4%). We recently published a crosssectional study concerning healthrelated quality of life among patients with metastatic prostate cancer (2). We found that men who received flutamide and were in remission had a quality of life that was similar to an equivalent norm for men in the general population of the United States. When we measured all eight domains of the SF 36 questionnaire, we noted that men who received flutamide had slightly lower scores in physical functioning, role physical, and role emotional, but had slightly higher scores in body pain, vitality, and mental health. When viewed from this perspective, quality-of-life outcomes appear to be comparable between those patients taking flutamide and those who do not. Absent any significant risks associated with flutamide, the decision to use flutamide revolves around an individual patient's assessment of the potential for reversible side effects versus the potential for extending the time to disease progression.


Abstract We have previously reported that long term daily administration of aspirin-dipyridamole significantly improved laboratory findings indicative of disease activity in patients with sickle-cell disease. The laboratory index most influenced by platelet inhibitory drug therapy was the plasma concentration of high molecular weight fibrin(ogen) complexes (HMWFC), a moiety which reflects the rate of fibrin formation in vivo. Although improvement of laboratory findings with therapy was accompanied by apparent clinical improvement, the limited clinical data then available did not reach statistical significance. This report describes extension of the trial of prophylactic platelet inhibitory drug therapy. Three patients were studied during a two year period on daily aspirin-dipyridamole therapy and during a two year control period. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was correlated with patient clinical status and the clinical findings suggested that the treatment was of modest prophylactic efficacy. In 1976, we reported a characteristic pattern of blood coagulation abnormalities accompanying painful musculoskeletal sickle-cell disease (SSD) crises (1,2). With the onset of crisis, there was an increase in plasma high molecular weight fibrin(ogen) complexes (HMWFC) and a transient fall in platelets and in plasma Factor XIII. Subsequently, plasma fibrinogen concentration rose (peak at 1 week after onset of symptoms), platelets rose (peak at 2 weeks) and plasma Factor XIII increased (peak at 3 weeks). Subsidence of crisis was associated with a fall in HMWFC and a subsequent increase in fibrinogen first derivative, which reflects the rate of fibrinogenolysis. Plasma HMWFC concentration reflects the rate of fibrin formation in vivo (3) and plasma Factor XIII concentration decreases with intravascular fibrin deposition (4). Thus these laboratory findings support the hypothesis that in the early stages of SSD crisis, fibrin deposition and/or thrombosis significantly enhance the role of sickled erythrocytes in producing vascular occlusion and/or organ infarction. We also reported that, over extended periods of observation, hemostatic findings and patient clinical status were generally correlated. Except for persistent depression of plasma Factor XIII concentration, laboratory findings during asymptomatic periods were essentially normal. Emphasis was placed on the value of hemostatic measurements as objective documentation of clinical status, and both laboratory and preliminary clinical observations were reported in three patients during a control period and during daily aspirin-dipyridamole therapy. Aspirin-dipyridamole therapy significantly improved laboratory measures of disease activity, particularly mean plasma HMWFC concentration, but insufficient data was obtained to determine whether the treatment was of clinical value. We have now observed each of the three patients at weekly intervals for a minimum of 104 weeks on daily aspirin-dipyridamole, followed by a minimum of 104 weeks off the antiplatelet prophylactic regimen. This report compares clinical and laboratory findings during platelet inhibitory drug administration and following its discontinuation. Plasma fibrinogen measurements correlated with patient clinical status and the clinical findings suggest that the treatment was of modest prophylactic benefit.


Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives are believed to have played a significant role in the 2008 financial crisis. In an effort to prevent a similar crisis in the future, the United States Federal Government signed new regulations into law in 2010 that require OTC derivatives to be traded through Central Clearing Parties (CCPs). Theoretically, these regulations should induce a greater amount of stability in the system, though in reality the truth of this statement is unclear. The model we propose in this paper seeks to elucidate the issue by utilizing probabilistic methods, including Gibbs Sampling, to sample different possible OTC derivative trading networks based on the small amount of data available to a regulator. These networks can then be tested with systemic risk analysis to better understand the stability of each type of network: a bilateral trading network without a CCP, a network with one CCP, and one with multiple CCPs. Then, using netted exposures to estimate the amount of risk each institution faces, each type of network is analyzed to better understand if CCPs accomplish the goal of creating a more stable OTC derivative trading network.