Defining the Jurassic‐Cretaceous boundary is a controversy in stratigraphic study of the world. It has been widely accepted that this boundary can be defined at the bottom of Berriasian in Tethys, with the appearance of the ammonite Berriasella jacobi dating to ca. 145 Ma. However, it is difficult for the widespread terrestrial deposits in China to correlate with the international standard of marine facies. The Somanakamura Group in Japan is represented by a succession of marine‐continental transitional strata. It provides a bridge of marine and nonmarine stratigraphic correlation. The ammonite and radiolarian fossils preserved in this group suggest an age from Bajocian to early Valanginian. The J‐K boundary was defined in or atop the Tomizawa Formation of the group according to the ammonite data. The present authors study the fossil spores and pollen newly found from the Tomizawa and Koyamada formations. Three assemblages have been recognized. They are Assemblage 1 (Cyathidites‐Classopollis) from the upper part of the Tomizawa Formation, Assemblage 2 (Cyathidites‐Jiaohepollis) from the lower part of the Koyamada Formation, and Assemblage 3 (Cyathidites‐Spheripollenites‐Ephedripites) from the middle to upper part of the Koyamada Formation. With the reference of ammonite evidence, the J‐K boundary can be defined between Assemblage 1 and Assemblage 2. This palynological J‐K boundary can be correlated with that of terrestrial sequence in China. However, local biostratigraphy imply that the continental J‐K boundary in China is of 135 or 137 Ma age. It has a considerable discrepancy from the marine standard. Biogeographically, the distribution pattern of spores and pollen in southern China is in accordance with that in the Somanakamura Group, which parallels the Tuchengzi Formation in northeastern China. By the palynological correlation between the Somanakamura Group and the strata in southern China, and then with the sequence in northeastern China, it is suggested that the continental J‐K boundary is located in the Tuchengzi Formation.


Music is a form of art that each and every individual enjoy. It is a habit for few and an addiction for few. Music has powerful effects on the mind. Various styles of music can have a significant effect on a person's mood very quickly, and it can help them experience and process a wide range of emotions such as happiness, excitement, sadness, calmness and thoughtfulness. Music produces pleasing tones with melody, rhythm and harmony. It helps an individual to express untold emotions. Music also helps is remembering things. Memorization is done as a part of learning so as the learner will be able to remember particular events. Music effects the amount of stress hormones that the body releases and reducing these hormones can help relieve symptoms of anxiety. Hence music has an impact on reducing anxiety. This study deals with the impact of music on memorization and anxiety on children with various researches including concepts of how music training improves verbal memory, effect of music while studying, relation between music and memory. The present study analyses the available research on the similar topic, which discuss the relationship between music and its impact on memorization. The study also explores how music can help to reduce the level of anxiety amongst children.


A speed reducer, a hydraulic drive system, and a dual-power drive system. The speed reducer (7) comprises a first shaft (73), a second shaft (74), and a clutch means, wherein the clutch means comprises a pneumatic control unit (1) and a transmission unit (2); the transmission unit (2) is connected to the first shaft (73); the pneumatic control unit (1) provides air pressure to drive the transmission unit (2) to carry out a reciprocating motion, so that the first shaft (73) and the second shaft (74) can be connected and disconnected. When the first shaft (73) and the second shaft (74) are connected, the speed reducer (7) can amplify drive torque provided by a hydraulic motor (6) and transmit the amplified drive torque to an axle (9); by amplifying the drive torque, power of the hydraulic drive system can be equal to that of a mechanical drive system, and the drive performance of the hydraulic drive system is improved. When the first shaft (73) and the second shaft (74) are disconnected, power transmission between the hydraulic motor (6) and the axle (9) can be disconnected, and the hydraulic drive system is utilized selectively.


Need of restitution the broken landscapes in our country is the main problem of rational environmental management. For successful creation the protective forest plantings of antierosion appointment studying the emergence and features of erosive processes on the broken lands, and also development and introduction of efficient ways of struggle against wind and water erosion on dumps is necessary.


Abortion was successfully induced in 36 patients with midtrimester missed abortion by instillation of normal saline solution into the extraovular space. This technique avoids the risks of amniocentesis and the unwanted side effects of methods using prostaglandins, oxytocin or hypertonic saline. The possible mechanism of abortion by using the extraovular instillation of normal saline is discussed.


Mosaicing and super resolution are two ways to combine information from multiple frames in video sequences. Mosaicing displays the information of multiple frames in a single panoramic image. Super-resolution uses regions which appear in multiple frames to improve resolution and reduce noise. Simple combination of the two methods is problematic since the alignment used for mosaicing may not be accurate enough over the entire region for super resolution. In this paper we introduce a 2-step process: First we create a panoramic mosaic from the images. We then align small image regions to the panorama, and apply super resolution resulting in a panoramic image with higher resolution.


Flow behavior of ten copolymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate in concentrations up to 16% was studied at 30°C. with the use of capillaries of constant diameter but different lengths. The shear rate and shear stress range covered were up to 200,000 sec.−1 and 800,000 dynes/cm.2, respectively. A rheological model of the form log D = A0 + A1 (log τ)β + A11 (log τ)2β was employed in determining the inflection point of the flow curve by computer analysis. A marked dependence of the flow curve upon the lenght-to-diameter ratio was observed when l/d ratio decreased to below 300. At shear rates above 50,000 sec.−1 the capillary "end effect" corrections and the kinetic energy corrections were found to be large for the concentrated and dilute solutions, respectively. The flow curves were characterized in terms of the inflection point in accordance with the treatment of Schurz. An upper Newtonian viscosity η* was observed at shear rates above 150,000 sec.−1. Up to a concentration of about 1%, the value of the upper Newtonian viscosity was such that the calculated ηsp/C was essentially independent of C and equal to [η*] obtained by extrapolation to infinite dilution. The values of the heat of activation for viscous flow were found to be dependent upon the applied shear stress.


Iron deficiency (ID) impacts ∼50% of heart failure (HF) patients [1] and is a risk factor and strong predictor for death and mortality with or without anaemia [2]. Oral iron appears to be ineffective whilst intravenous iron (IV-iron) has proven to be efficacious however data is primarily from a Caucasian population [3] despite ID being more prevalent amongst Asians. The I4RON-HF study assesses efficacy of high-dose IV-iron versus oral iron in stable outpatients and inpatients amongst an Asian population recovering from episodes of decompensated HF.

 This is a single-centre randomized controlled study, where patients who had symptomatic heart failure (Ejection Fraction <50% and New York Heart Association class 2–3) were randomized into two groups. The intervention arm received anywhere from 500mg to 1500mg of IV Iron Isomaltoside as a single infusion, whereas the control arm received routine iron supplements.
 The primary study endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving iron repletion at 4,8 and 12 months after enrolment. Secondary endpoints included clinical parameters (6-minute walk test, NYHA status and 2D-Echocardiogram), and biochemical parameters (Serum NTproBNP, Cardiac Troponin-T and hemogloblin) at 4,8 and 12 months.

 A total of 65 patients were enrolled (male 55%), 33 in the interventional arm and 32 in the control arm. There were no patients lost to follow up. 96.9% of patients in the IV Iron arm achieved the primary endpoint at 4 months, compared to 68.7% in the control group. These findings we consistent at 8 months (90.9% vs 65.6%) and 12 months (90.9% vs 56.2%). Looking at the secondary endpoints, the IV Iron cohort recorded a 11.14% increase in Hemogloblin levels versus the control arm which recorded a reduction of 16.23%. There was also lower NTproBNP levels in the IV iron group (81.6% reduction) versus the control group (66.3% reduction). Clinically, the patients who received IV iron had a 42.98% increase in their 6-minute walk test from baseline, compared to an increase of 8.61% in the control arm. There were no significant echocardiographic changes.

 These findings in our single-centre study support the efficacy of IV iron over oral supplements in the treatment of iron deficiency amongst Asian heart failure patients. The secondary endpoints also indicate better clinical and biochemical outcomes when iron stores are successfully repleted. Lastly, this study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of outpatient administration of high-dose IV-iron. Results from large-scale clinical studies looking at hard endpoints (mortality, HF hospitalization) are expected to further advance understandings.

 Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Institute (Institut Jantung Negara) FoundationCompai Pharma


1. A method for analysis of flight data collected during at least one flight of the aircraft, the flight data includes data related to the flight characteristic parameters, and the method comprises the step of: - determining (100) a model of flight states, having several states (E0-E16, E0 '), wherein each state corresponds to a possible phase of the aircraft, and the states of the model includes transitions (T1-T19), determining the change of these so-called states, and at least one criterion (T0, T0') for initialization m Delhi states, said criterion (T0, T0 ') initialization corresponds to the initial state (E0, E0') states model, and each shift and each test initialization depend on at least one characteristic parameter, which may be collected during the air flight vessel, the method further comprises the successive steps of: - extracting (200) from the flight data collected flight data relating to the characteristic parameters of the aircraft; - calculating (300) on initialization criterion oc ove flight data relating to characteristic parameters of the aircraft, to detect the start time at which the flight data correspond to the initial state of the state model; - calculating (400) a plurality of state transition model based on flight data relating to characteristic parameters, collected after the initial point in time, to identify points in time from which the flight data relating to characteristic parameters of the aircraft, comply with changing standing state models - Div


The work and influence of Deane Montgomery by F. Raymond and R. Schultz Bibliography of Deane Montgomery Homotopy-Theoretic Techniques and Applications: Homotopy invariants and $G$-manifolds: A look at the past fifteen years by R. Schultz Splitting semifree group actions on homotopy spheres into solid tori by R. Dotzel Equivariant Whitehead torsion and actions of compact Lie groups by S. Illman Homological Methods and Machinery: A family of unusual torus group actions by C. Allday For $G=S^1$ there is no $G$-Chern character by J.-P. Haeberly Equivariant frameability of homotopy linear $S^1$ actions on spheres by P. Loffler and R. Schultz Action maps on equivariant function spaces and applications to $PL$ bordism by B. M. Mann and E. Y. Miller Borsuk-Ulam theorems for prime periodic transformation groups by A. Necochea On equivariant maps of Stiefel manifolds by D. Randall Applications of Surgery and Geometric Topology: Representations at fixed points by S. Cappell and J. Shaneson Transformation groups and fixed point data by K. H. Dovermann, T. Petrie, and R. Schultz Lectures on transformation groups and Smith equivalence by M. Masuda and T. Petrie Transformation groups and exotic spheres by R. Schultz Constructions of group actions:A survey of recent developments by S. Weinberger Concordance of group actions on spheres by A. Assadi Induction in equivariant $K$-theory and $s$-Smith equivalence of representations by E. C. Cho and D. Y. Suh Smith equivalent representations of generalized quaternion groups by E. C. Cho $s$-Smith equivalent representations for finite abelian groups by D. Y. Suh Isotropy representations of nonabelian finite group actions by Y. D. Tsai Low-dimensional Topology and Transformation Groups: Transformation groups and low-dimensional manifolds by A. Edmonds Homogeneous Spaces and Seifert Fiberings: The role of Seifert fiber spaces in transformation groups by K. B. Lee and F. Raymond Realizing group automorphisms by D. Fried and R. Lee Cohomology of a Siegel modular variety of degree two by R. Lee and S. Weintraub Transformation Groups and Differential Geometry: Newman's theorem and the Hilbert-Smith conjecture by H. T. Ku, M. C. Ku, and L. N. Mann Geometry, representation theory, and the Yang-Mills functional by H. T. Laquer Problems: Problems submitted to the AMS Summer Research Conference on Group Actions by R. Schultz.


1. The Second General Conference of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, convened by General Assembly resolution 3087 (XXVIIl) of 6 December 19731 entrusted with establishing the main principles of industrialization and defining the means by which the international community as a whole might take action of a broad nature in the field of industrial development within the framework of new forms of international co-operation, with a view to the establishment of a new international economic order,


The research of the IT-infrastructure condition of the Arkhangelsk Region secondary educational institution carried out by the author has allowed concluding that by the maturity level the infrastructure is approaching the basic one. The method of questioning has been used in the research.


A 53-year-old female presented with 2 weeks of crescendo angina. Ten weeks before admission, she had successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the left anterior descending (LAD), and received aspirin, clopidogrel, and unfractionated heparin. Repeat angiography showed a severe ostial stenosis in the intermediate artery (IM) ( Panel A ). Percutaneous coronary intervention to …


There were extensive changes in names and naming patterns during the 19 century. In Estonia, in addition to other significant changes, the names chosen for children were less and less influenced by the surrounding community. In other countries, the practice of giving children their godparents' name has been researched by Smith-Bannister (1997); Garðarsdottir (1999); Hacker (1999); Sangoi (1999); and van Poppel, Bloothooft, Gerritzen, and Verduin (1999). Social relationships played a far bigger role in the city than in the rural areas; thus the tradition of giving children their godparents' names was preserved better in the cities. The parents' choice was not regulated by the Lutheran church either. In Estonia, the practice of giving children double names spread only at the end of the 19 century; thus the emergence of modern names removed the names of the parents, grandparents and godparents from usage, especially in the case of girls' names.


On the basis of the result of first target recognition processing by a beam recognition unit and the result of second target recognition processing by an image recognition unit, an axis deviation detection device for a beam sensor calculates the proportion of the number of times at least one preceding vehicle traveling in front of a vehicle was recognized in both the first target recognition processing and the second target recognition processing to the number of times the at least one preceding vehicle was recognized in at least image recognition processing, and according to the value of the calculated proportion, detects an axis deviation from a designed beam axis position of a beam axis of the beam sensor in a vertical plane including the beam axis.


In this paper, we propose a new approach for implementing the cyclostationary signal-based adaptive array. Two methods for calculating the control vector of the adaptive array are provided. The first method employs the eigenvalue decomposition technique and the second method uses a simple cyclostationary correlation method to calculate the control vector from the received data. Simulation examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


With accurate water control,the differences among the long-term water use efficiencies,δ~(13)C,and photosynthetic parameters(G_s、T_r、P_n、WUE_i、C_i、P_(max)、LSP、Ce) of different Populus deltoides clones in four different water treatments were studied in greenhouse and then the relations between these differences were analyzed.The results showed that the δ~(13)C、G_s、T_r、P_n、WUE_i and C_i significantly differed among the water treatments.With intensified water stress,the δ~(13)C and WUE increased and G_s、T_r、P_n、WUE_i and C_i decreased.In the same water treatments the clones significantly differed in δ~(13)C and WUE_L but showed no significant differences in G_s、T_r、P_n、WUE_i and C_i.The δ~(13)C and WUE_L differences of the clones presented a consistent pattern in the four water treatments,i.e.the highest WUE_L appeared in J_2 and the WUE_L next to the highest WUE_L occurred in J_6,J_7,J_8 and J_9,while these clones showed a higher δ~(13)C.The G_s was the key factor of affecting the water use efficiencies,the clones with high G_s having high WUE_L.Although J_2,J_6,J_7,J_8 and J_9 did not present the highest net photosynthetic rate and the highest instant WUE_i,their maximum net photosynthetic rates(P_(max)) and light saturated points(LSP) and carboxylation efficiencies(C_e) and photosynthetic capabilities were higher.The major factors affecting the δ~(13)C and WUE_L differences of the clones were the G_s and the photosynthetic capabilities,and J_2,J_6,J_7,J_8 and J_9 all had low G_s and high photosynthetic capabilities.In different water treatments,the δ~(13)C and WUE_L appeared to positively correlate,but this correlation only worked well with its coefficient standing at 0.707 7 under sufficient water supply because the δ~(13)C differences resulting from water stress were much bigger than those among the clones.


Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc. is an arbor with quick growth and high oil yield. The seeds are osmotic pretreated for ten reagents, and measured the vigor of dehydrogenase and а-amylase respectively. The results show that the Zn(0.5%) solution of six days is the best, and the next is PEG(25%) and GA_3(500×10~(-6)).


1. GIBBONS RJ, BALADY GJ, BRICKER JT et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing : summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002 ; 40 : 1531-40. 2. BRAWNER CA, EHRMAN JK, SCHAIRER JR, CAO JJ, KETEYIAN SJ. Predicting maximum heart rate among patients with coronary heart disease receiving beta-adrenergic blockade therapy. Am Heart J, 2004 ; 148 : 910-4. 3. KARVONEN MJ, KENTALA E, MUSTALA O. The effects of training on heart rate ; a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn, 1957 ; 35 : 307-15. 4. NIEUWLAND W, BERKHUYSEN MA, VAN VELDHUISEN DJ, RISPENS P. Individual assessment of intensity-level for exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease is necessary. Int J Cardiol, 2002 ; 84 : 15-20 ; discussion 20-1. 5. TABET JY, MEURIN P, BEN DRISS A et al. Determination of Exercise Training Heart Rate in Patients on Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil (in press).


The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins synthesized by organism in response to adverse stress. In this paper, the gene expression regulation of HSP regulated by heat shock factor (HSE) and heat shock element (HSE) is summarized, and the biologic function of HSP and its potential application significance in mariculture are also discussed.


In the post-crisis era,as the problem of financial security has penetrated cross the economic regions at all levels,the county economy's anti-risk capability and the tradeoff between risk control and sustainable development are receiving more and more attention.Until the end of 2012,there are more than 2850 county-level administrative units in our country;the steady development of the county region will undoubtedly have an important role to the whole macro economy.Traditional analysis ascribes the problems of less developed areas to the ' development'factors,such as the historical foundation,location,technology,human factors and so on,but to ignore the ' stable'factors or risk-relevant factors,such as government debt,credit construction,adverse selection and moral hazard as well as transaction cost,which are all caused by risk problems and have become a constraint to the growth of county economy.So it's necessary to give objective and accurate assessment on the county's financial risk conditions and test its anti-risk capability against macro negative impact.Based on the systematic and comprehensive summary of the existing theories on the county risk research,we find that the theoretical studies of county financial risk have not yet formed mature theoretical system and give limited general empirical analysis.So this paper first gives a detailed introduction to the macro-balance-sheet method and its application extended to the county region.The county's macroeconomic balance sheet is based on the theory of macro financial engineering,industrial financial engineering and Regional financial engineering.By forming the macro balance sheets and making correlation analysis of the four major economic sectors in the county,we can evaluate the risk conditions in the county region from both historical information and market valuation.Then we take the Tongshan County of Hubei Province as the representative object for empirical analysis.After years' field research and data collection in the Tongshan County,we try to make the four macro balance sheets of the public sector,the financial sector,the corporate sector and the household sector,by which we make analysis about(1) the size and the structure of the general asset or liabilities;(2) key indicators containing capital structure indicators,term structure indicators,currency structure indicators and so on to evaluate the potential risk;(3) the macroeconomic-balance-sheet matrix to obtain the overall risk level of the Tongshan county.From the sheets and indicators we have derived,we find that the economic and financial conditions in the Tongshan County as a whole is almost safe,but we should still focus on(1) the risk of term mismatch caused by the long-term investment in the financial sector;(2) The management risk of small and medium-sized Enterprises during the early-stage in the corporate sector;(3) the risk of structural imbalance of financial assets' investing in the household sector;(4) weak fiscal supply ability against debt in the underdeveloped county region in the public sector;(5) the debtor-creditor relationship and risk transmission across the sectors.Finally,we give policy suggestions as follows:(1) by introducing the market mechanism to the county to liquidize remnant assets,so as to ease the pressure from the long-term loans in the banking system;(2) Standardize the business management of the small and medium-Sized enterprises to obtain more opportunities in expanding endogenous financing channels,as to reduce the risk of management.;(3) more support is needed to help the county to develop fiscal independence and improve its fiscal self-sufficiency against contingent liabilities;(4) establish a multi-level investment system to promote the savings-investing change rate of the county region;(5) It's necessary to include financial stability index in the county's economy comprehensive assessment system so as to achieve the goal,that is in the context of risk control to realize the economic sustainable development.


The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and specifically relates to a urease inhibitor composition. The composition is prepared from gossypol acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). According to the invention, a significant synergistic effect between PVP and gossypol acetate is found, and an appropriate compatibility proportion is found, so that good synergistic and solubilizing effects are achieved, and compared with the gossypol acetate, the obtained composition is convenient to use, powder is easier to store, the application effect is better, and the technical defects that existing urease inhibitors are uneasily dispersed in water, inconvenient to use and high in toxicity, and have residues are overcome, therefore, the urease inhibitor composition has an important practical popularization and application value, and provides powerful technical support for applying gossypol acetate as a urease inhibitor for inhibiting soil urease to coated slow release fertilizers or used with fertilizers.


The Aegean Sea as a common sea region for Greece and Turkey is not only an important source of aquatic biological and energy resources, but also a water area where both countries have their own interests in its economic development and use. Traditionally, this sea area, most of which is a high sea in terms of rules and provisions of the modern international maritime law, has been used by both states on a parity basis, and other extra-regional countries have had equal rights with them here. However, the desire of Greece and Turkey to extend their zones of sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction over maritime zones, seabed and subsoil has given rise to new maritime disputes. It is no coincidence that the problem of delimiting the continental shelf, i. e. the underwater margin of the continent where coastal countries are vested with rights to explore and exploit its resources, has accompanied the Turkish-Greek negotiations for decades. Greece has even initiated legal proceedings before the International Court of Justice on the issue, but for various reasons the Court found that it had no jurisdiction to hear the case. To date, the positions of the parties on this issue have not changed; they are directly opposite and mutually exclusive. This and other circumstances, as well as the fact that Turkey is not a party to either the 1958 Geneva Conventions or the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, severely limits the possibility of a new trial. Moreover, the legal positivism of the Greek position on the entire spectrum of Aegean Sea problems, i. e. an appeal solely to the applicable rules and provisions of international law of the sea, not only fails to satisfy Turkey but also has negative consequences for other countries. First of all, this concerns issues related to the freedom of navigation. Greece's claim to extend the outer limits of its territorial sea from 6 to 12 nautical miles around the huge number of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea would inevitably lead to a significant reduction of the high sea. Although at a minimum the right of innocent passage and at a maximum the more liberal rule of the law of the sea – the right of transit passage – will apply, the legal regime for these maritime areas will be fundamentally different and more heavily regulated. The passage of merchant ships and warships, as well as the overflight of military aircraft, including those of any foreign country, also of the U.S. and Russian Federation, will not be as free as on the high seas. All of these issues are dealt with in this (second) part of the paper. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project "Post-Crisis World Order: Challenges and Technologies, Competition and Cooperation" supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).


Juliet Mitchell's wide-ranging theory of lateral dynamics proposes that displacement by a sibling, real or potential, upends a small child's identity and position as "the baby." This trauma gives rise to the complex process of forming a personal identity in a world of similar others. The impact of lateral relationships should therefore have major implications for analytic practice. Traditionally, however, psychoanalysis has treated siblings mainly as rivals for parental love and attention, not as unconsciously meaningful beings in their own right. This paper describes some ways that Mitchell's theory has inspired clinical interventions that would not have come into focus through a lens of parent–child relatedness.


Vector control needs motor speed as feedback information in a real time. Encoders are used for speed identification usually, but some severe industrial situations limit the usage of encoders. As a result, scientists begin to find speed identification methods. After scrutinizing the advantages and disadvantages of the main motor control system and motor speed identification methods, we make up the plan of Speed Sensor-less vector control based on model reference adaptive system(MRAS). Specific to MRAS speed identification methods, the paper analyzes the shortcomings of MRAS model based on rotor flux and puts forward the compensation measurement. Eventually, simulations of the improvement on MRAS, estimated speed based on MRAS and the vector control system have been done, and the paper shows the results of the simulations.


A single-ended Class-E/Fn power amplifier (PA) with linear external and nonlinear drain-to-source (intrinsic) capacitances is designed and analyzed to achieve optimum operation. The effects of nonlinear intrinsic and linear external capacitance at high and low frequencies increase, respectively. The different specifications of the Class-E/F3 PA are shown versus the external and intrinsic capacitances. A Class-E/F3 amplifier at 4-MHz frequency, based on the theoretical results, is analyzed, simulated, and fabricated. The efficiency, power gain, and output power versus the input power are presented as well. The measured results are close to the analytical derivations at optimum conditions of zero-voltage switching and zero-voltage-derivative switching.


The stepped spillway is a hydraulic structure used steps to decrease the energy in the stilling basin that can reduce the cost. The numerical analysis is widely used currently. In this study, flow 3d software was adopted in numerical analyses. The simulation model used RNG k~ε turbulence model with VOF. Several configurations on steps are applied, these configurations included adding the half balls baffles and sills, convex half ball and holes on the steps. The numerical model was performed, depending on a physical model of Salmsi (2009) to know the effect of these configurations on the rate of energy dissipation. The number, location, and diameter of half balls and holes are considered in the numerical simulation. The results showed that using three half balls (one on the inner edge and two at the outer edge of steps) gave higher energy dissipation about 54% in skimming flow regime, the increase is estimated at 57% than the flat step.


FarmWeb is an experimental farm automation system. Its purpose is to serve as a platform for research into advanced optimization and control techniques for agricultural processes. It provides control applications with a single user interface, diverse run-time support services, and hardware abstraction. These features enable FarmWeb control applications to be reusable in different automation projects, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing software development as a major cost in farm automation projects.


Pubmed is a net system developed by NCBI to make a search for medcine. This article introduces the collection range, search method, function and feature of Pubmed so that the medical workers are able to have a good grasp of searching medical documents through the net in a short time to fully develop and utilize biomedical resource in the net.


The very subjective nature of most environmental health criteria for disaster relief and refugee camps makes interpretation of minimum quantities of potable water and separation distances from sources of pollution difficult, even for the trained environmental health professional. A review of the literature and a survey carried out with international environmental health professionals were conducted to summarize both the least‐preferred and most‐preferred parameters for enhanced environmental health services in such camps. The survey was conducted using a form of decision analysis, modified from the Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique. A campsite evaluation form was prepared using the selected criteria, after converting them to utilities. The form was used to evaluate existing refugee camps in Thailand. Camp environmental health scores were then compared to selected environmentally‐associated diseases. Results of that evaluation suggest that the environmental health criteria and the camp rating methodol...


This article, deals with the sparse identification of memory effects and nonlinear dynamics for accurate and efficient behavioral modeling of RF Power Amplifiers (PAs). Here, we use sparse regression using a sequential thresholded leastsquares algorithm to determine the fewest relevant terms from a large set of available terms required to accurately represent the dynamics of RF PAs. The proposed approach develops a framework for behavioral modeling of RF PAs, taking into advantage, the advances in sparsity techniques which balances the model accuracy with complexity. We show that, for similar modeling performance, the proposed method requires fewer coefficients than the standard memory polynomial model and simplified Volterra based models.


Objective To discuss that fills up the application of the hernia repair there no tension in therapying the inguinal hernia the clinical experience of.Methods Used for hernia rings and a network that fills up to 106 example of the hernia without tension for hernia repair.Results All patients were postoperative pain,and could get out of bed,wound healing in 105 cases,one case of fat liquefaction of incision,1 hernia sac fluid,no infection,no mortality,no complications need to fill out the network plug and patch failure caused by surgery,3 to 8 days after discharge,were followed up 1 to 2 years,no recurrence.Conclusion There was no tension for hernia repair his wounds and some little time in the groin the anatomy of physical and not match the pain,and will recover quickly,not limit,the physical activity and a relapse rate should be low,far more ideal for hernia repair.


The purposes of the research, 1) to know the impact of the community empowerment activities toward the local economic development using environment insight, 2) to analize the impacts of local economic development using environmental insight. The population are the village farmers who are the members of farmer groups consisted of 252 people. 20% or 50 samples were taken using proportional random sampling. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observations, interviews and documentations. The technique analysis used were descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The result of research showed that there is simultaneously contribution between community empowerment to local economic development with environment insight that is equal to 58,3%. The impact of local economic development on the environment to the community, increasing income, expanding of employment opportunities, reducing landslides and increasing the number of water springs. It can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between the empowerment of the community towards the local economic development using environment insight business in Ngrancah Village.


We provide evidence of a new channel of how exchange rates affect trade. Using a novel identification strategy that exploits firms' foreign currency debt maturity structure in Colombia around a large depreciation, we show that firms experiencing a stronger debt revaluation of dominant currency debt due to a home currency depreciation compress imports relatively more while exports are unaffected. Dominant currency financing does not lead to an import compression for firms that export, hold foreign currency assets, or are active in the foreign exchange derivatives markets, as they are all hedged against a revaluation of their debt. These findings can be rationalized through the prism of a model with costly state verification and foreign currency borrowing. Dominant currency pricing mutes the effects of dominant currency financing on imports relative to producer currency pricing.


Fore the existing softwares it is hard to maintain and it is difficult to add on new features of the users. To resolve these problems,the architecture of Jeti(a Jabber client)is analyzed,a kind of plugin-based dynamic module architecture is given.The development granularity is enlarged from object to plug-in in this architecture. The plug-ins are independent of each other,and only the ones with related function have a little association. Based on this new architecture,the maintainability and extensibility of software can be improved,and the total development expense can be effectively reduced.


When the input position data for the edge exposure region in accordance with the outer shape of the element region of the substrate, the substrate is held by the spin chuck, detecting a reference position of an outer periphery of the substrate, and the axis of the position data input on the basis of the detection result after matching the direction and the second axial direction of the axial displacement mechanism, on the basis of the input position data, depending on the ambient-exposed area of the photosensitive layer by displacing the light from the light emitting part performs exposure in accordance with the outer shape of the step shape of the element region . In addition, on the basis of the position data of the edge exposure area to input the shape of the element region of the glass substrate by the spin chuck as image information, on the basis of the image information, calculates the position data of the peripheral exposed region of the outer shape of the element region It may expose the peripheral exposed region of the photosensitive film. In addition, the input shape information of the substrate and the element region, and enter the shape of the intersection near the scribe line in the device region of the substrate held by the spin chuck as image information, the shape information of input image information and the substrate, and the element region pursuant to calculate the position of the edge exposure area, on the basis of the position of the edge exposure area may be exposed to ambient the exposed areas of the photoresist.


Hyperinsulinemia has been recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its exact mechanisms are still unclear. In our previous work, we showed that 10 nmol/L insulin stimulated neither mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activity nor [3H]thymidine incorporation but did stimulate S6 kinase through the specific insulin receptors in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we observed that ≥1 nmol/L insulin stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and activated IRS-1–dependent phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI 3′-kinase) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) but not MAP kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2) and p90 S6 kinase (p90RSK). However, 10 nmol/L insulin-like growth factor I stimulated all these pathways. Finally, 10 nmol/L insulin stimulated α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake, and wortmannin (100 nmol/L) completely inhibited insulin-stimulated AIB uptake, whereas rapamycin (20 nmol/L) had no such effect....


The purpose of this study was to field-test a treatment strategy for bringing about articulation carryover in school-age children. Subjects were 8 elementary school students who misarticulated /s/ ...


Source: Modern Language Association PMLA, Vol. 130, No. 5, October 2015 ISSN 0030-8129 Special Topic: Emotions Coordinated by Katharine Ann Jensen and Miriam L. Wallace Introduction—Facing Emotions Katharine Ann Jensen and Miriam L. Wallace Citation | Add to Favorites Animals Are from Venus, Human Beings from Mars: Averroes's Aristotle and the Rationality of Emotion in Guido Cavalcanti's "Donna me prega" Gregory B. Stone Abstract | Add to Favorites Better Living th...


Abstract Background Serial blood cultures are integral in managing Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) as clinicians rely on the results to determine infectious complication risks and antibiotic duration. Current IDSA guidelines suggest a single set of negative blood cultures is adequate evidence of SAB clearance. Several studies, however, have identified the skip phenomenon (SP), which is the occurrence of intermittent negative blood cultures, and have recommended obtaining additional blood cultures to document bacterial clearance (Table 1). We therefore examined patients who manifested the SP to determine its clinical significance and to study this, associations were tested for SP in relation to various baseline factors as well as clinical outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective, multicenter study of all patients with a positive blood culture for S. aureus from January 2019 to December 2019 using data collected from electronic health records and the clinical microbiology laboratory. Results A total of 602 patients with SAB were identified and 495 patients were included in the investigation (Figure 1). Overall, 25 (5.1%) patients had the SP. Significant differences between those who did and did not manifest the SP included higher rates of injection drug use, automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and community onset of infection in the SP cohort (Table 2). Moreover, the median duration of SAB was longer (3.2 [2.3-5.4] vs 1.90 [1.2-2.9] days, p=0.002), and high-grade SAB, (88.0% vs 58.7%, p=0.004), complicated bacteremia (92.0% vs 67.9%, p=0.011) and IE diagnosis (28.0% vs 11.3%, p=0.013) were all more common in the SP group. In unadjusted outcome analyses, association of SP with hospital length of stay was not significant, although a higher risk of in-hospital mortality among SP patients approached statistical significance (p=0.055). Analysis of 435 hospital survivors revealed no significant differences in rates of 1-year mortality or 90-day relapse between the two groups (Table 3). Conclusion Findings of the current investigation demonstrates an increased risk of SAB complications in patients with the SP and support the notion that serial negative blood cultures are needed to document clearance of SAB. Disclosures Larry M. Baddour, MD, Boston Scientific (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Botanix Pharmaceuticals (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Roivant Sciences (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant Muhammad R. Sohail, MD, Medtronic (Consultant)Philips (Consultant)


The frequency and clinical significance of the hyperkalemia associated with spironolactone therapy was studied by analyzing 755 serum potassium values obtained on 29 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The patients were classified as follows: 1) control group treated intermittently with combinations of conventional diuretics; and 2) spironolactone groups—(A) patients treated with spironolactone alone, and (B and C) nonazotemic and slightly azotemic patients, respectively, treated with spironolactone plus diuretics.


A casing (6) defining a first assembly, a shaft (2) which defines a second assembly, the multi-lobed cam (3) which is connected during rotation in one of the first assembly or the second assembly and , a distributor (51) and the distributor cap (52), wherein are rotatably attached to the first assembly or the second assembly, and the cylinder block (4) including a plurality of cylinders (41), and wherein the one of the first assembly and the second assembly is rotatable relative to the other, said plurality of cylinders (41) is radially to the respective cylinder (41) of said cylinder block (4) is configured to guide the piston (42) which is supported on the lobes of provided and the cam (3) so as to be slid in, the hydraulic device ( ), The cam (3) further comprising a radial piston type hydraulic system of the cylinder (plurality of support springs provided on 41) (43) to hold said piston being supported (42) against the (1) during the execution of the command, further comprising an engagement means at the time of rotation that is configured to secure the cylinder block (4) with respect to the first assembly or the second assembly. .The


Cellulomanas sp. CS 1-1 was studied for its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with DNA homology and fatty acid pattern to elucidate its taxonomical position in the species level. Colony morphology of CS1-1 exhibited circular form, opaque, convex, entire edge and pale yellow. Cells were of rod with the size of 0.3~0.5 × 0.8~1.2 ㎛, while coryneforms were formed at the early stage of culture. D-ribose, raffinose, rhamnose, acetate, propionate, L-lactate, D-gluconate, aspartate and proline were not utilized as a sole source of carbon, whereas saccharose, arabinose, and amlyose were utilized. Biochemical characteristics of CS1-1 were Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobic, mesophilic and G+C content of 74.7 ㏖ %. The major fatty acid and menaquinone were 12-methyltetradecanoic acid(anteiso-C 15:1 ) and MK-9(H₄), respectively. These results were correspondent with the characteristics reported for member of the genus Cellulomonas. The strain CS 1-1 exhibited a high level of DNA homology as 70% with C. uda ATCC491, compared to those of 54~59% with C. fimi ATCC 15724, 46~48% with C. biazotea, C. gelida and C. bibula. Finally, strain CS1-1 could be classified as a novel species belongs to C. uda.


Purpose – This paper aims to identify the factors that have led the USA to be one of the few countries in the world that has seen interlending and document supply continue to increase.Design/methodology/approach – The factors are identified, reviewed and assessed.Findings – It was found that the effectiveness of resource sharing facilitated by intra‐ and inter‐state cooperatives using OCLC as a framework is a major factor, others being the improvement in discovery tools, requesting processes and the more recent improvements in the delivery process. Finally, the widespread subsidizing of access and delivery enables cheap or even free use of document supply.Originality/value – This paper is the only study so far that addresses the current puzzle of US "exceptionalism" for interlending and document supply.


With reference to the organization of knowledge and practice of some Seri weavers from El Desemboque, Sonora, this article addresses the meanings of the designs on their basketry. It identifies these as: 1) indicators of relations established during the basketry production and transmission of knowledge (individual variation, building of family consensus and "tradition") and, ) techniques of social bonding that help to produce, reproduce and intensify Seri so-ciety. The problem of individual variability in the manufacture and denomination of designs will also be explored, which means shifting the analysis from the general signification of the designs towards the meanings endowed on them by their creators within the context of their use and practice.


PAA undergoes decarbonylation during electrode curing to form polyethers that provide a silicon coating that assists Li-ion desolvation and conduction.


Abstract Five-minute stationary counts of birds at Kowhai Bush over 17 months suggest that the scores for grey warblers and chaffinches may reflect vocal conspicuousness, rather than abundance, and that the scores for shining cuckoos, goldfinches, and redpolls may reflect vocal and visual conspicuousness in combination. Counts in three types of kanuka forest show that cuckoos, robins, and bellbirds favoured the more dense and diverse suocessional stages; that riflemen, brown creepers, fantails, chaffinches, goldfinches, and redpolls were most abundant in less mature habitats; and that warblers and silvereyes were almost uniformly common. Cuckoos and robins overlapped the most in use of habitat, robins and redpolls the least. For both warblers and robins, indices of abundance varied between two of the habitats in proportion to the densities of resident adults, permitting calibration of the indices. Excepting creepers and robins, native species were apparently less abundant at Kowhai Bush than in climax for...


More like an art than a technique, midnfulness is learned and taught in structured and manualized protocols, in which the role of the instructor is fundamental. In this article we will try to outline the essential qualities of an instructor. The mindfulness teacher is, in fact, the one who transmits mindfulness in a direct and experiential way and represents a model of the qualities and conscious approach that he wants to teach.


This paper explores the utilization of sinusoidal stimuli and Fourier analyses to test static RAM integrated circuits. Two different tests are investigated, a writing test with a sinusoidal stimulus on the DATA line and a reading test with a sinusoidal stimulus on an address line. Up to now, results show that numerous types of faults and defects can be detected and even identified. Sensitivity of the method with respect to parameter variations is also investigated.<<ETX>>


In this project, we are using LVCMOS and HSTL IO standards in order to match the resistance of input and output line, input and output port and Vedic multiplier. The primary purpose of Impedance matching is to eliminate transmission line reflection. Now, impedance matching is used to increase the stability of device with the help of IO standard. Therefore, selection of energy efficient IO standard will increase the energy efficiency of design under consideration. LVCMOS (Low Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and HSTL (High Speed Transceiver Logic) are energy efficient IO standard. Energy efficient IO standards are used to decrease the power dissipation of Vedic multiplier. Then, we try to achieve more energy efficiency with different technology (40nm, 65nm, 90nm) based FPGA. There is 95.07%, and 63.7% leakage power reduction with HSTLII_D18 IO standard, when we migrate our design from Virtex-5 to Virtex-6, and Virtex-4 respectively. With the energy efficient LVCMOS18 IO standard, there is 94.64% 61.57% reduction in leakage power, when we migrate our design from Virtex-5 to Virtex-6 and Virtex-4.


This article attempts to study the characteristics of an implementation plan as a management strategy to strengthen school coexistence at the Liceo Bolivariano "Juan Jose Osuna Rodriguez" in Merida State. This research, framed in a quantitative, descriptive and field paradigm, was carried out applying a survey with thirty nine individuals belonging to the school staff. The results revealed the following conclusions: low levels of organization, control, implementation and evaluation of the activities; limited interaction and motivation with the staff; scarce information about the results. It is also important to highlight the lack of democratic attitude during decision-making, scarce practice in managerial practices and the absence of an enriching environment.


The effects of simulated low‐frequency hearing loss on formant‐frequency discrimination were investigated for synthetic three‐formant vowels. Hearing loss was simulated through the use of masking by low‐pass filtered white noise. Percent‐correct identification was determined in an AABA paradigm for 100 Hz differences in F1 and for 200 Hz differences in F2. Stimuli were presented at 15 dB above masked threshold in both quiet and in the presence of the masker and at 15 dB above threshold in quiet. Performance was differentially affectced by sound pressure level in quiet (15 dB SL re: masked threshold versus 15 dB SL: re: quiet threshold) and by masking (15 dB SL in noise versus 15 dB SL in quiet). On the average, poorest performance was observed with simulated hearing loss. F1 discrimination in the simulated‐loss condition appears to be more dependent on the relation between F1 and F2 than in either quiet condition. F2 discrimination appears to be interactively dependent on the F2 frequency range and the re...


With a rise of alternative permit (AltPermit) teachers coming to education, many have little to no preparation or self-efficacy for the demands needed to support all learners. Low teacher efficacy is associated with high rates of attrition. As a result, districts throughout the United States struggle to retain the teachers they recruit and hire for these hard-to-fill positions. Using a mixed-methods approach, teacher efficacy and retention of AltPermit P-12 new hires is examined in one of the largest districts in California. The district provided year-long supports to impact teacher efficacy and retention. Although survey results did not show a statistically significant impact on teacher efficacy, document analysis indicated positive retention trends and recruitment of more ethnically diverse teachers as compared to the district's overall teacher population. Interviews illustrated positive perceptions of district supports as a means to increase teacher efficacy and job retention, particularly for special education teachers.


This article is devoted to some features of formation of valuable orientations of the Ukrainian youth in the conditions of being transformed society.


The sustainable use of natural resources is a worldwide concern. There are 7020 taxa of vascular plants with an endemicity of 50% in Cuba. Natural disasters in form of almost yearly hurricanes and lack of products on the markets leading to a reliance on the local natural resources, create a heavy pressure on the Cuban biodiversity. The fieldwork was conducted during four months (October 2005 – January 2006) visiting 49 plant vendors, in the 15 municipals of the Cuban capital. Through free listing, semi-structured and stuctured interviews, 420 plant species were found commercialised on the market in Havana City, Cuba. Of these, five species are endangered, Garcinia aristata (Griseb.) Borhidi (Clusiaceae), Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Pinaceae), Copernicia curbeloi Leon, C. fallaensis Leon and C. x textilis Leon (Arecaceae).


Objective To investigate the importance of the nursing in the implanting operation of the self-tapping mini-implant anchorage.Methods To afford special nursing to 35 patients implanted the self-tapping mini-implant anchorage.Results 95 mini-implants were implanted for the 35 patients,89 mini-implants were implanted in cheek side,6 mini-implants were implanted in palatal side.One mini-implant failed in the operation because of the broken implant handle,8 mini-implants were loosing or shedding;the remaining rate was 90.5% after loading three months.Conclusion Proper nursing is one of the most significant factors for the success of the implanting operation of the self-tapping mini-implant.


Sir, Gaertner et al. (1) describe a preferred nerve-blocking sequence in brachial plexus anaesthesia by the axillary route. Both lidocaine alone and lidocaine and bupivacaine mix were used in their study, and the conclusion, based on the latency of onset of block for the relevant nerves, was that the sequence should be as follows: Median, ulnar, radial, musculocutaneous, medial (brachial and antebrachial) cutaneous nerves. Koscielnak-Nielsen et al. (2) in comparing the single or multiple injection techniques measured the time to perform the block, and for multiple injection the mean time was reported as 9.5 min (SD 2.2 min). Work by Coventry et al. (3) investigating the multiple injection technique using 30 ml of lidocaine 1.5% with 1 in 200 000 epinephrine has shown that complete sensory block of all six nerves can be achieved in 47% of patients at 10 min (90% of patients have complete sensory block at 20 min and 97% by 30 min). This, therefore, introduces the possibility of transfixing a nerve that may be partially or fully blocked by a previous injection. Of particular concern is that the order described by Gaertner et al. states that the median nerve should be blocked at the start of the procedure, but that its territory may easily be crossed again in searching for the musculocutaneous nerve near the end of the procedure. Fanelli et al. (4) report a 1% incidence of neurological complications within the first month after axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia, though complete recovery occurred in all patients after 25 weeks. Details of the exact sequence of nerve blockade in these patients is not stipulated. Stark (5) notes that permanent neurological damage after axillary brachial plexus blockade is rare, but 21% of respondents to his survey of American Hand Specialists had seen a major neurological complication of axillary block at some time in their practice. In this centre, the order in which the nerves are blocked is considered very important and the following sequence is practised: The musculocutaneous nerve, outside the sheath, above and posterior to the artery is blocked first. The needle is then withdrawn to and directed towards the artery to find the me-


Laser ablation of diamond compacts made of ultradispersed diamond powders was used for producing thin diamond films with thickness of about 1 micrometer. X-ray and Raman analyzing methods verified the fact of diamond phase transfer upon the substrate during the PLD process. The obtained films reveal electron field emission with the current density up to 10 mA/cm2 at reduced electric field approximately 20 V/micrometer, and that may make it possible to produce flat cold emission cathodes of high area.


An RNA fraction with messenger activity has been isolated from free polysomes of rabbit liver. This liver RNA was translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system, which had been rendered dependent on exogenous messenger RNA by mild ribonuclease treatment. After ribonuclease was removed from the ribosomes, protein synthesis was almost totally dependent on 0.5 M KC1 ribosomal wash protein and exogenous RNA isolated from either reticulocyte or liver polysomes. In contrast to reticulocyte RNA, which directed the synthesis of LY and @ globin chains almost exclusively, liver RNA directed synthesis of polypeptides over a broad range of molecular weights. Little globin chain synthesis was detected with liver RNA. Evidence for the specific synthesis of ferritin was obtained by chemical purification and crystallization of this protein from the cell-free reaction product, by immunoprecipitation of the purified material with a monospecific antibody to rabbit liver ferritin, and by coincident migration of radioactivity with purified ferritin in both polyacrylamide and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since this highly active, fractionated, reticulocyte cell-free system is capable of translating mRNA fractions from both the liver and the reticulocyte into specific natural proteins, it may be useful in future studies dealing with the regulation of protein synthesis with messenger RNA from various animal sources.


ln Grand Prix racing, safety vehicles (pace cars) are used to restrain drivers whilst crash debris is removed from the track. This led to the formation of the NorthEast Lincolnshire pace car initiative to control speed around Grimsby, Cleethorpes and Immingham, UK. Over 900 volunteers filled in an application form, received a sticker to display in their cars and then vowed to stick to the speed limit whenever they drove their car. There were some criticisms aimed at the council over their use of pace cars. One was that the council had no right to force people to drive at certain speeds. A number of pace cars were seen exceeding the speed limit. These were contacted and asked to reassess their commitment to the scheme. The second phase of the scheme is being implemented with the introduction of pace car zones. The pace cars and pace car zones are part of a 5-year speed-reduction campaign that includes speed-activated signs and safety cameras.


The change of focus from code to models promoted by OMG's Model Driven Development raises the need for verification of non-functional characteristics of UML models. such as performance, reliability, scalability, security, etc. Many modeling formalisms, techniques and tools have been developed over the years for the analysis of different non-functional characteristics. The challenge is not to reinvent new analysis methods for UML models, but to bridge the gap between UML-based software development tools and different kinds of existing analysis tools. Traditionally, the analysis models were built "by hand". However, a new trend is starting to emerge, that involves the automatic transformation of UML models (annotated with extra information) into various kinds of analysis models. This paper proposes a transformation method of an annotated UML model into a performance model. The mapping between the input model and the output model is defined at a higher level of abstraction based on graph transformation concepts, whereas the implementation of the transformation rules and algorithm uses lower-level XML trees manipulations techniques, such as XML algebra. The target performance model used as an example in this paper is the Layered Queueing Network (LQN); however, the transformation approach can be easily tailored to other performance modelling formalisms.


Methane is an important gas for domestic and industrial applications and its source is mainly coalmines. Since methane is extremely inflammable in the coalmine atmosphere, it is essential to develop a reliable and relatively inexpensive chemical gas sensor to detect this inflammable gas below its explosion amount in air. The metal oxides have been proved to be potential materials for the development of commercial gas sensors. The functional properties of the metal oxide-based gas sensors can be improved not only by tailoring the crystal size of metal oxides but also by incorporating the noble metal catalyst on nanocrystalline metal oxide matrix. It was observed that the surface modification of nanocrystalline metal oxide thin films by noble metal sensitizers and the use of a noble metal catalytic contact as electrode reduce the operating temperatures appreciably and improve the sensing properties. This review article concentrates on the nanocrystalline metal oxide methane sensors and the role of noble metals on the sensing properties.


Objective:Discusses after the general anesthesia operation the patient to apply the static oxygen therapy the curative effect.Methods:The patient stochastically divides into the static oxygen therapy observation group after 90 examples general anesthesia technique (45 examples) and the conventional group (45 examples). After the conventional group uses the technique the conventional method treatment, nurses, the observation group in the conventional treatment, nurses in the foundation to apply the static oxygen therapy treatment, observation before the treatment and the latter two groups of patients' state of mind, transcutaneous oxygen saturation and the wound heals the situation.Results:Before two groups treated the examination not remarkable difference. After treatment 60min.12min the observation group transcutaneous oxygen saturation to compare the before have significant difference(P0.01),but the conventional group after and before treatment to compare have not difference(P0.01).After treatment 7 days two groups of wounds heal, always showing results rate, the total effectiveness have statistics difference.Conclusion:The static oxygen therapy treatment after general anesthesia operation the patient to be able fast to enhance transcutaneous oxygen saturation, the effective improvement important organ oxygen deficit condition, restores the brain organization cell energy metabolism the normal state, the promotion wound heals, reduces the infection.


This study aimed to explain the cultural behavior of reading junior high school students in the internet era based on gender variables. The study was designed with a quantitative approach. The study population was high school students in four districts / cities in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, namely Makassar City, Soppeng Regency, Tana Toraja Regency, and Majene Regency. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. Analysis of research data was carried out through descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis which included three stages, including; (1) data management, (2) statistical analysis, and (3) interpretation of results. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23 and it was presented in the form of tables, diagrams, and verbal exposure. The results showed that there were significant differences in reading behavior of female students and male students based on (1) the type of reading material that is read, (2) the effort to obtain reading material, (3) the time used to read, (4) the values believed in reading habits, and (5) post-reading habits. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


In this study, three-dimensional numerical conjugate heat transfer modeling is used to investigate the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the microchannel heat sink (MCHS) with different configurations of novel ogive shape ribs on channel walls. It was found that new proposed MCHS configurations with ogive ribs have a high Nusselt number as compared to the smooth microchannel heat sink because ogive ribs enhance the heat dissipation between channel walls and fluid by continuously interrupting the thermal boundary layer development. MCHS configuration with ogive ribs mounted on bottom wall improves the Nusselt number of smooth MCHS by 1.13-1.87 times, while MCHS with ogive ribs mounted on both side walls and MCHS with ogive ribs mounted on bottom channel wall improve Nusselt number by 1.12-1.70 and 1.08-1.59 times respectively at Re 100-1000. In terms of thermal enhancement factor criterion, the MCHS with ogive ribs on side walls shows superior performance at Re 100-300 and has the highest thermal enhancement factor. While MCHS with ogive ribs on bottom wall outperformed other configurations in terms of thermal enhancement factor at Reynold numbers greater than 300. A maximum thermal enhancement factor of 1.42 is reported for MCHS with bottom wall ribs ogive at Re=1000.


Abstract Height is often used as a proxy for the living standards of historical populations. In this framework, Limburg is the odd one out within the Dutch context. From being among the 'tallest' provinces in the middle of the nineteenth century, Limburg was amongst the shortest around the turn of the century. This makes it an excellent case to study catch-up growth for historical populations. The lower living standards of the nineteenth century did not only result in a shorter stature, they also lowered growth velocity. For Dutch cities an average catch-up growth of over five centimeters was not uncommon. Using conscription records and registers of the civic guards, this article will examine catch-up growth for the province of Limburg. However, since previous studies mainly focused on urban areas, we will focus on the rural municipalities of Eijsden and Arcen en Velden. We show that these municipalities display a lower average amount of catch-up growth of under two centimeters. Furthermore, social differences within these villages were smaller compared with the rest of the Netherlands. Moreover, the Netherlands were able to catch up between age 20 and 25 when it came to height. Near the end of the research period, catch-up growth decreased in the Dutch cities, but in turn increased on the Limburgian countryside.


Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are strongly related to each other. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare periodontal health of diabetic patients' type II and non-diabetic patients. The study was carried out in Sudan 2003. 50 dentate diabetic patients and 50 non-diabetic periodontal patients aged 30-55 years were randomly selected. Random blood sugar was done. All subjects were examined for periodontal parameters. Most of the subjects were found to suffer periodontal problems. Diabetics showed more periodontal disease parameters than controls but statistically insignificant. The results of this study suggest that diabetic patients are at higher risk of periodontal disease. Keywords–– diabetes mellitus; periodontal disease; periodontal parameters


The aim of this work was to study the accumulation of dry material and absorption of nutrients by soybean. Three varieties (Bragg, IAS-2 and Santa Rosa) had their physiological behavior observed in three kinds of soil (Santa Maria, Sao Pedro and Vacacai) of Rio Grande do Sul. In the first stage of the work we seek to estimate the behavior of the varieties, oedering the variation of fresh-weight, dry-weight and the percentage of water, obtaining informations about samples, age of the plant, stages of development, vegetative cycle and productiveness. In the second stage, we observed the percentage of absorption of some macro and micronutrients and their amplitudes, calculating their simple correlations and equations of significatives regressions. In aerial portions there were accumulations of macro and micronutrients, but do not observing great oscillations in quantity of absorbed elements. Phosphorus (P) was continually and constantly absorbed, until the formations of the seed. We obsorbed that potassium (K), was completly absorbed before maturation, whereas calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were gradually accumulated.


The project focused on the concept of a feasibility test, paying particular attention to ideatification of problem areas and laying out a process for development of a more valid index. The basic methodology relied on the statistical analysis of existing data both on the measured energy use in actual office buildings and computer simulations of a typical office building. The index was field tested against data specifically collected for that purpose. It is concluded that there exists the need for a simple analytic technique that will allow the rapid estimation of total energy use in a building. A vehicle for investigating the feasibility of developing and applying the index concept is preseated.


Law and the phenomenon of social change are two interrelated elements, where legal change is a result of social changes that occur in society. Covid-19 causes legal changes in response to changes that occur in society. The purpose of this writing is to increase knowledge related to the correlation of national law with social phenomena that occur. This study uses a juridical normative method, by analyzing the relationship between legal rules and social change, and examines the response of national law during a pandemic. Social change is influenced by several factors including population, physical habitat, technological developments, community structure, and culture. The law is said to have been successful in its implementation when it can move the community according to what is desired, in the sense that individuals can obey what has been determined by law. Some time ago, the world was shocked by the emergence of the Covid-19 virus, which is easy to spread and can lead to death. The government is required to ensure the safety and protection of citizens from this dangerous virus. In its progressive steps, the government has made a series of rules to minimize the impact of losses, both from the fatalities identified by the Covid-19 virus, or losses from the economic aspect caused by the Covid-19 outbreak.


Quantum dots (QDs) are promising heterostructures of nanometric size for applications in optoelectronics and for fundamental studies. A key issue for the full exploitation of self-assembled QDs is the control of their size, shape and density by means of growth conditions. Here we report on the influence of growth interruption time (t/sub i/), growth temperature (T/sub G/), and substrate orientation on the optical properties of InAs/GaAs QDs.


In this paper, a novel iterative active learning technique based on self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and support vector machine (SVM) classifier is presented. The technique exploits the properties of the SVM classifier and of the SOM neural network to identify uncertain and diverse samples, to include in the training set. It selects uncertain samples from low-density regions of the feature space by exploiting the topological properties of the SOM. This results in a fast convergence also when the available initial training samples are poor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed by comparing it with several methods existing in the literature using a toy data set and a color image as well as real multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing images.


As Hurricane Florence approached the USA in September 2018, it became the most powerful storm ever recorded in the region. Fortunately, winds had eased slightly by the time it made landfall, but that didn't stop a full-scale evacuation of over one million people. State DOTs used the latest real-time information tools as well as advanced GIS to aid the process


As the simplest non-Fermi liquids, orthogonal metals have gapped single-particle excitations but show normal metallic behaviors in thermodynamic and transport quantities. Such an exotic metallic state could be realized in a Hubbard model with pair-hopping term. However, it is difficult to solve this model in higher dimension, here we focus on its one-dimension version, in which a powerful U(1) abelian bosonization technique is available to capture \textit{analytically} its universal low-energy physics. It is found that the one-dimensional system is unable to provide an appropriate precursor for the desirable orthogonal metals in higher dimension and the occurrence of the featureless orthogonal metallic phase needs \textit{at least} a quasi-one-dimensional multi-leg ladder model. Nevertheless, two interesting quantum liquid phases are identified for the present one-dimensional model, namely, pair-density wave (PDW) state and pair-superconducting (PSC) state. The former describes the charge-density-wave order of cooper pairs while the latter shows the superfluidity of two cooper pairs. Needing not any explicit calculation, these two phases could have further implications in the two-dimensional case, namely, the PDW state may give rise to quantum electron liquid crystal states, which is believed to be responsible for the complex pseudogap phase in cuprate, and the PSC state with charge 4e can be related to certain nematic superconducting state. These predications call for further investigation on this model in higher dimension by available analytical methods and/or numerical calculations.


A user企iendly speech interface in a c紅 cabin is highly needed for safety r,回sons. This paper w出describe a robust speech recognition Irethod that can cope with additive noises and multiplicative distortions. A known additive noise, a source signal of which is available, rnight be canceled by NLMS V AD(Norrnalized Least Mean Squares with企沼田・wise Voice Activity Detection). On the other hand, an unknown additive noise, a source sigr凶of which is not available, is suppressed with CSS(Continuous Spectral Sub汀action). Furthermore, various multiplicative distortions訂e simultaneously compensated with E司 CMN(Exact Cepstrum Mean Noロnalization) which is speaker dependent/environm:nt-dependent CMN for speech/non-speech. Evaluation results of the propoぉd method for car cabin m羽ronm:nts are白lally desαibed.


Current Packaging: Freeze Dried Foods Packaging The thermoformed base is fabricated from Combitherm PAXX230 [a coextrusion of nylon/medium-density polyethylene (MDPE)/nylon/ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/nylon/MDPE/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)]. The lid is fabricated from Combitherm PAXX115 (a coextrusion of nylon/EVOH/nylon/LF adhesive/HV polyethylene/LLDPE) Natural form (Bite size) foods The bite-size food package is fabricated from Combitherm PAXX115, a coextrusion of nylon/EVOH/nylon/LF adhesive/HV polyethylene/LLDPE. Overwrap Packages are wrapped in a white pouch,.003-mm thick, fabricated from a laminate of polyester/polyethylene/aluminum foil/Surlyn. This overwrap is removed before the food is prepared and heated. Requirements High barrier packaging - low oxygen and water vapor transmission rates No aluminum layer Mass - <145 grams per m2 Flexible Puncture resistant Approved for food use Amenable to sterilization Able to be heat sealed Preferred (not required) Transparent Retortable, microwavable, high pressure use. Small Business Innovative Research Program - 7 years 8 Phase I contracts 4 Phase II contracts Two workshops to bring together food packaging experts Three internal research tasks Public Outreach - average of 3 presentations/yr. for 8 years describing NASA's challenges Department of Defense Collaboration - Combat Feeding Program No significant improvement in food packaging capabilities after these efforts. It was unlikely that a food packaging solution could be found within the food science community There was a need to go outside to other industries such as pharmaceutical or electrical Although a positive result was preferred, a negative result would also be useful Two Innovation Techniques were used as a comparison InnoCentive - Theoretical Challenge to identify new technologies Yet2.com - A matchmaker between NASA and commercial packaging manufacturers


This article proposes a two-stage optimization framework to simultaneously solve the orbit design and mission scheduling problems of on-orbit refueling (OOR) systems in Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). The fuel can be delivered to the client satellite (CS) by small-scale service satellites from the on-orbit fuel station (FS), which leads to a new FS-servicer-CS OOR mode. For the first stage, a modified spectral clustering-nonlinear programming (NLP) method is used to assign CSs to FSs, and design the orbit of FSs under $J_{2}$ perturbation. For the second stage, the mission scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer NLP model and solved via the genetic quantum algorithm. Different from the existing literature, this article introduces a clustering distance metric combining multiple orbit characteristics for CS assignment, which can indirectly reduce the estimated fuel costs in the FS orbit design. Furthermore, the objective of reducing the number of servicers is first considered in the second stage. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed two-stage framework are verified through several numerical simulations and comparison studies.


The wet impregnation method was employed to prepare ZnO encapsulated in mesoporous silica (ZnO/KIT-6). The prepared ZnO/KIT-6 samples have been studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. The low angle powder XRD patterns of Calcined ZnO/KIT-6 materials showed a phase that can be indexed to cubic Ia3d. Tem images revealed well ordered cubic 3D nanoporous chennels. The ZnO encapsulated in KIT-6 can be used as light-emitting diodes and ultraviolet nanolasers.


This paper examines the intersections between memory and identity in the depictions of the "Batepa Massacre" by the poets Alda Espirito Santo and Conceicao Lima. By juxtaposing them with the concept of haunting as defined by Avery Gordon, and with the sociology of absences and the sociology of emergences, proposed by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, I realized that, for generational reasons, the ghosts that inhabit their texts are greatly distinctive, manifesting diverse notions of a Santomean cultural identity.


This article investigates the effects of political discussions with parents, political discussions with peers and exposure to political news during an election campaign on the voting intentions and behaviour of first-time voters. Longitudinal data collected in the Czech Republic are employed in the main analysis (N = 223). Results show that young people who frequently discuss politics with their peers are characterized by higher voting intentions and subsequent electoral participation. On the other hand, political discussions with parents and exposure to political news have no such effects. Furthermore, although it does not have an impact on voting intentions, more frequent political discussions with parents predict increased frequency of political discussions with peers. Overall, our results underscore the importance of peers in late adolescents' political socialization.


Purpose: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is frequently used in the industry which has toxic effects on liver and kidney. Heparin is an antithrombotic drug, also an antifibrotic agent. In the present study, the effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin on kidney of low dose CCl4 exposed rats was examined by electron microscopy. Material and Methods: Four groups were formed randomly from 18 adult male SpraqueDawley rats: 1. Control: olive oil (1 ml) was given IP every other day (n=4). 2. CCl4: 0,25 ml/kg CCl4 was solved in olive oil and given IP every other day (n=5). 3.CCl4+LMW Heparin: CCl4 exposed rats were given subcutan 180 IU/kg LMW Heparin (n=4). (Enoxaparin sodium), everday for last 3 weeks. 4. LMW Heparin: Enoxaparin in same dose and period as group 3 was administrated to rats (n=5). Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks period, kidney tissues were taken and weighted. Tissue samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde for EM. Thin sections were examined with Zeiss EM. Kruskal-Wallis statistical test were used. Results: CCl4 caused damage in proximal tubul microvillus structure,increased basal infoldings and number of lisosoms and capillary dilatation in rat kidney.In LMW heparin+CCl4 given group,the kidney tissue was found near normal morphology. Conclusion: In this study,chronically exposing of lowdose CCl4 were caused minimal changes in proximal tubule and glomerulus structure. Enoxaparin given groups were same with control. The following study will be performed with highdose CCl4.


The present invention discloses the application of Dryoptesis fragrass phloroglucinol extract in preparing medicine for treating tumor, especially in preparing medicine for treating S180 sarcoma, Lewis lung cancer and HepA liver cancer. Dryoptesis fragrass phloroglucinol extract from natural botanical resource has high antitumor activity and high safety. It is hopeful to discover new anticancer medicine with high selectivity, high activity, less toxic side effect, wide antitumor spectrum and drug tolerance resistance in further research on the extract.


In this article, we analyze the factors that limit the output power increase for photonic crystal fiber lasers and set a theoretical model to calculate the maximum extractable power of ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fibers. Numerically, when the diameter of core is 76-\mu m and the pumping intensity is 0.21 W/(\mu m2×Sr), the output of pure silica and ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber lasers is 100-kW, considering the technology for the time being. The main limitations of power scaling are facet damage and thermal self-focusing. In case of the strict single-mode operation condition, the maximum extractable power is 100-kW when the numerical aperture is 0.05. Considering the strict single-frequency operation condition, the maximum extractable power of both pure silica and ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber lasers is 1.65-kW, where the main factor is stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. Compared with the previous results, the increase in the maximum extractable power depends on three parameters: the availability of high-brightness pump diodes, the endless single-mode characteristic of the photonic crystal fiber, and the high doping density which lead to efficient absorption coefficient of pumping light. Finally, we simulate numerical aperture that influences the maximum power of photonic crystal fiber lasers and compare the difference in maximum output power of photonic crystal fibers and double-cladding fiber lasers in single-frequency condition.


In 2002, a study of the economic feasibility of producing biodiesel in Tennessee was conducted. As a follow-up to the feasibility study, potential business structures for a biodiesel production facility was compared and information regarding soybean producers' interest and willingness to invest in a New Generation Cooperative (NGC) to produce biodiesel was examined. The similarities and differences between a Traditional Cooperative (TC) and an NGC and between an NGC and a Limited Liability Company (LLC) were investigated from legal and practical perspectives. After evaluating the advantages of an NGC versus the other two business structures, an NGC appeared to be the most suitable business format for farmers to build a soybean biodiesel processing plant in Tennessee. This thesis used data from a mail survey conducted in 2003 and employed probit and tobit models to investigate whether the soybean producers in West Tennessee had enough interest in forming an NGC to produce biodiesel, and if so, how many shares they were willing to invest in the cooperative. The results showed a 74.78 percent participation rate for joining an NGC to produce biodiesel, indicating a considerable interest among Tennessee soybean producers. The participant profile would be a farmer optimistic about the U.S. biodiesel market growth in the next 10 years. The farmer would also have more than 1,000 acres of soybean production, on-farm storage, a net income more than $75,000 from farming per year and a debt rate of $20-$39.99 or $3-$9.99 per $100 of farm assets. The farmer would be of a younger age (i.e. 35), and would not be a current member of any


Compound faults diagnosis is an important but difficult task in diagnostics. When several faults arise at the same time, vibration measurements by sensors show themselves as a complex integrated symptom, not as a simple and linear combination of several single faults, which makes it difficult to detect compound faults correctly. We proposed a new ICA-SOM based method for compound faults diagnosis by combining independent component analysis (ICA) based feature extraction with the self-organizing map (SOM) based classifier. ICA is a powerful tool for redundancy reduction, with which the multichannel measurements were fused. By the use of a novel-processing unit for further feature extraction, features about underlying sources embedded into the measurements were captured subsequently. At last, a medium-scale SOM network was constructed for symptom decomposition and topological display of these features. Experiment results of single and compound faults diagnosis show that our new method is effective and of great potential in health condition monitoring of machines


Abstract. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has conserved current usage of the specific name of Circus assimilis Jardine & Selby, 1828 for the Australo-Wallacean spotted harrier by designating a neotype for this nominal species. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has also conserved current usage of the specific name of Circus approximans Peale, 1848 by suppressing, for the purposes of the Principle of Priority, its objective synonym Circus juxta Peale, 1848, which was published simultaneously with it but was designated as the senior synonym by the first reviser.


The current return of religion into the public sphere in Europe calls for a rethinking of traditional standpoints in political theology. The present article discusses the Lutheran idea of "two kingdoms," which has been important in a Nordic setting. The author shows how the theological idea of two kingdoms has changed in the time after Luther. Originally, in pre-modernity, church and state were both seen from a religious point of view. God the creator was presupposed by all citizens. In modernity a secular view-point became the one taken for granted, defining also the way the spiritual realm was comprehended. In a post-secular context neither of these positions can be taken for granted. Current political theology must search for a post-secular solution that goes beyond the dichotomy of politics belonging to a secular sphere and Christian life belonging to a religious one. The article analyses some examples of how the idea of the post-secular has been discussed. Taking its starting-point in ideas by thinkers informed by Ludwig Wittgenstein, the article stresses the importance of taking concrete contexts into account in every discussion of political ethics. The position presented points in the direction of "radical democracy" newly discussed by several theologians.


The antitranspirants are helpful for controlling the transpiration rate and internal water balance. In Kolhapur and adjoining area Most widely distributed improved indigenous rabbi variety of Sorghum is Maladandi-35-1 (M-35-1). This variety has been still popular throughout Maharashtra for water stress tolerance capacity. In the present investigation we have tried the effect of two antitranspirants viz. HICO 110 R and Abscisic Acid (ABA) on germination of Sorghum vulgare L. The lower concentration of HICO-110 R (1g/L) showed less inhibition of germination percentage. The root length is stimulated by HICO-110 R, while ABA exhibited inhibitory effect. The root/ shoot ratio represented histographically reveals gradual decline with the advancement of time (fig 3). ABA does not favour seedling growth, however HICO-110 R favour the seedling growth. Sorghum seed germination is reduced due to application of both HICO-110 R & ABA. The ABA showed more inhibitory action than that of HICO-110 R.


This paper focuses on Rebeka Njau's latest novel The Sacred Seed (2003), examining the way the author uses elements of orality in her novel to bring out a form of dialogism between the traditional African epoch and contemporary times. In so doing, the writer manages to re-work the orthodox gothic mode while retaining the psychosexual archetypes prevalent in the feminist gothic tradition. This paper will exploit concepts propagated by such critics as Mikhail Bakhtin, Eileen Julien, Abiola Irele, and Ian Duncan.


A FEW YEARS AGO, THE U.S. TOOK a leadership role in rooting out international price-fixing cartels. But last year, it seemed as if the Europeans had taken the lead. The European Commission—the executive arm of the European Union—undertook investigations into alleged anticompetitive behavior among makers of six chemicals just in the last six months of 2002. It investigated and levied fines in three additional instances. For all of 2002, the European Commission assessed fines of about $1 billion against cartel operators in a wide variety of businesses, from flavor enhancers to concrete reinforcing bars. By contrast, U.S. officials were not nearly as active. And some of the investigative activity the U.S. Department of Justice did undertake seemed to be at the behest of European competition officials led by the EC commissioner responsible for competition, Mario Monti. In the recent past, the U.S. has been no slouch when it came to revealing hard-core cartel activity ...


We are presenting a case of successful resuscitation during accidental rupture of a venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator after surgical pulmonary embolectomy. This article reports a rare complication related to the mechanical circulatory support and its successful management.


In 1895 to 1945,Taiwan was under Japanese rule,it diverted from the traditional Chinese legal systems to the Western judicial system during this period.In addition to transplantation of Japanese law,the traditional Chinese criminal countermeasures was retained,such as Bao Jia system,whipping punishment.Aboriginal areas adopted some convenient program policy,and formed"the characteristics of Taiwan"in the investigation and crime control system which consists of four parts,namely the general mode of judicial,military reconnaissance system,the old criminal control system and the criminal measures under the adjustment of special law.


Intracellular potentials were recorded with micropipettes from hair cells with free‐standing stereocilia in the cochleae of anaesthetized alligator lizards. Wave forms of intracellular responses to click stimuli were classified into three types: hair cells, supporting cells, and untuned cells. We studied primarily the responses of hair cells to tonal stimuli. For most frequencies, f, and levels, P, of tone‐burst stimuli, the response envelope of the receptor potential increases monotonically at the tone‐burst onset, and decreases monotonically at tone‐burst offset. Overshoot in the envelope of the response at the onset and offset of tone bursts is observed only for tone bursts of low f, high P, and short (approximately equal to 1 msec) rise/fall time. The steady‐state response to tones consists of a positive (depolarizing) d.c. component, V0, plus a.c. components (e.g. a fundamental component, V1, second harmonic, V2, and third harmonic, V3). The magnitudes of a.c. and d.c. components are functions of f and P, and show three characteristics: frequency selectivity, non‐linearity, and low‐pass filtering. The receptor potential is frequency selective. The frequency selectivity of V0 and V1 components was measured by means of iso‐voltage (iso‐V0 and iso‐V1) contours. Iso‐V0 and iso‐V1 contours are V‐shaped: the maximum sensitivity occurs at a characteristic frequency (c.f.). The shapes of these contours near the c.f. depend on the values of V0 and V1 at which the contours were measured and are sharper for lower values of V0 and V1. The mean slopes of the low‐ and high‐frequency sides of these contours are: ‐45.0 and +85.1 dB/decade for iso‐V0 contours (n = 26), and ‐33.6 and +103.8 dB/decade for iso‐V1 contours (n = 28). The receptor potential has non‐linear properties. The magnitudes and phase angles of V0, V1, V2, and V3 receptor‐potential components were measured as a function of P for different f. The slopes of level functions (the dependence of log V0 and log magnitude of V1 on log P) were measured at low levels for different f. For values of f differing from c.f. by more than a half‐octave, the slope for V0 is between 1 and 2 with a mean of 1.3; the slope for V1 is about 1, i.e. magnitude of V1 increases approximately linearly with P. For frequencies near c.f., the slopes for V0 and V1 are approximately 0.8 and 0.5, respectively, indicating the presence of a compressive non‐linearity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


The quantitative control of the dynamic correlations of single impurity Anderson models is es-sential in several very active fields. We analyze the one-particle Green function with a constant energy resolution by dynamic density-matrix renormalization. In contrast to other approaches, sharp dominant resonances at high energies are found. Their origin and importance are discussed.


Carriers of severe and moderate haemophilia A and B are expected to have approximately 50% of the normal level of factors VIII and IX. However, due to X chromosome inactivation in early embryonic life, factor levels can vary considerably. This can lead to increased bleeding tendency, which may in turn impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).


~~N0W GIRLS, Here is all that you have to do to enter this exciting contest. Simply scrape out the inside of a five pound can of Pete's Peanutbutter and mail it together with a short essay of not more than five hundred words telling us 'Why I like Pete's Peanutbutter' to radio station E. A. T. Remember girls, this thrilling contest closes when the company has sold a certain amount of back stock. Act now girls, this may mean a down payment on a fur coat." Naturally the announcer would use psychology, and fling his sales campaign upon the helpless kitchen female, for he knew that she controls the financial supply line of the house. On the other hand Mother knows that it would be a easy way to purchase that divine mink coat. What has she to lose? Little does she know what drastic effects it will cast upon her innocent children. Why the little tots will have to thrive on Pete's Peanutbutter until Mother achieves victory. Nevertheless Mother has her way and soon all of the available containers are drafted into the service of holding the rare stuff. Immediately the thrilled housewife concocts a multitude of delicious recipes and presents them to her bewildered husband and children. In the minds of the unfortunate human guineapigs, it will aways be peanutbutter no matter how presented. What can the little urchins do about their Mother's sudden change of mind and heart? If they revolt, then it means an hour of solitary confinement in a dark closet. They seem to think that Mother is trying to murder them in a nice way, but Mother keeps telling the children that the stuff contains that newly discovered vitamine Z. She explains to her little guinea's in flat scientific terms that vitamine Z removes all freckles. This is certainly news to the kids for they never had any to begin with. The little children firmly obey their dear Mother and continue to eat the peanutbutter. A month lapses and the cans continue to be mailed, but still no news of victory. Mother finally receives word that she has won a fourth prize. The weary eyed children group about her only to receive the bitter news that the fourth prize is a ten pound can of Pete's Peanutbutter. Oh those poor, helpless children. They have already been through 'hell', and their once rosy complexions are now a dull peanutbutter tan. "But who won the first prize of the great contest?" Mother shouts "Read more down," the bewildered children plead. This is done and sure enough at the bottom of the letter in microscopic print stands the name of a one Miss Sally Pete of South Africa. Yes, the sister of Pete, the peanutbutter king.