The work described is a series of six laboratory thermal transient tests using fast neutron irradiated mixed oxide fuel material. These tests, called FGR tests for Fission Gas Release, were all performed on fuel sections cut from the fuel pin PNL-2-4, which had been irradiated in EBR-II. This pin was irradiated to an average burnup of 3.6 atom percent at 250 watts/cm. The objective of the tests was to determine the transient interactions of the fuel and retained fission gas under thermal conditions resembling a loss of sodium coolant flow type of hypothetical accident in a fast reactor. These data help provide the experimental base for the development of computer codes for modeling hypothetical reactor accidents.


Objective  To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy with hemorrhagic shock. Methods  The clinical data of 48 patients with hemorrhagic shock as a result of ectopic pregnancy, admitted to General Hospital of PLA from Jan. 2005 to June 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 25 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 23 received traditional laparotomy. The preoperative, intra-operative and post-operative conditions were compared between the two groups. Results  The intraperitoneal hemorrhage and HCG recovery time were 2465.2±712.6ml and 6.8±2.3d respectively in laparoscopic group, and 2716.7±954.9ml and 7.2±2.8d respectively in laparotomy group, and there was no significant difference between two groups. The operation time, postoperative exsufflation time and length of hospital stay were 53.1±36.3min, 1.2±0.4d and 2.8±1.4d respectively in laparoscopic surgery group, and 127.0±21.4min, 2.3±0.6d and 4.6±2.2d respectively in laparotomy group, and the difference between two groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion  Laparoscopic surgery is worthy of popularization for ectopic pregnancy complicated by shock due to its minimal invasion, short operation time and earlier postoperative recovery.


Objectives: To study effects of restricting eligibility criteria for disability pension in Norway 1991. Methods: Documents of 288 applicants from 1990 and 1993 in one county were analysed for social and medical variables as well as for the determination and its causes. Results: Incidence of applications for disability benefits during a three-month period was 223 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1990. The focused group of `medically imprecise` musculoskeletal diagnoses concerned 26% of all applicants, while `precise` musculoskeletal diagnoses were given to 15%,`imprecise` psychiatric diagnoses to 7% and `precise` ones to 6%. The number of applicants fell by 39%, surprisingly about the same in all social and diagnostic groups. Denial rate increased from 8% to 21%. Denials mostly struck women, middle-aged, those living alone, those with short education, and applicants with `medically imprecise` diagnoses. Conclusions: Restriction of disability benefits affected applicants with the least resources the hardest, and seems to contribute to the on-going process of marginalising the weaker part of the population.


Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important phenomenon in biology, and it is desirable to develop quantitative methods to analyze protein droplets generated by LLPS. This study quantified the change in protein concentration in a droplet in label-free and single-droplet conditions using Raman imaging and the Raman band of water as an intensity standard. Small changes in the protein concentration with variations in pH and salt concentration were observed, and it was shown that the concentration in the droplet decreases as the conditions become less favorable for droplet formation. The effect of exposure to 1,6-hexanediol was also examined, and this additive was found to decrease the protein concentration in the droplet. A model can be proposed in which the addition of 1,6-hexanediol reduces the protein concentration in the droplet, and the droplet disappears when the concentration falls below a certain threshold value.


Magnetic relaxation in antiferromagnetic $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ nanoparticles is investigated at $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ by cooling the sample from a temperature $(70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ well above the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature at $27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, following zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) process. In the ZFC process, the sample at $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is subsequently followed by magnetic-field ON and OFF sequences, whereas in the FC process the cooling field is made off during measurement of the remanent magnetization as a function of time. The experiments suggest an unconventional relaxation behavior in the system as an effect of competition between surface exchange anisotropy and antiferromagnetic interactions in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles.


And a cholesteric liquid crystal having a different pitch from a substrate, a first electrode positioned on the substrate, a first pixel positioned on the first electrode, and displaying different colors, the second pixel, and the third pixel. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a light absorbing film positioned below the substrate, and a method of manufacturing the same.


We reduce the Fibonacci sequence mod m for a natural number m, and denote it by F (mod m). We are going to introduce the properties of the period and distribution of F (mod m). That is, how frequently each residue is expected to appear within a single period. These are well known themes of the research of the Fibonacci sequence, and many remarkable facts have been discovered. After that we are going to study the properties of period and distribution of a Fibonacci-like sequence that the authors introduced in [4]. This Fibonacci-like sequence also has many interesting properties, and the authors could prove an interesting theorem in this article. Some of properties are very difficult to prove, and hence we are going to present some predictions and calculations by computers.


Tick infestation is a major problem affecting farm animals and the problem is acute in hilly regions. Livestock owners who owns small herd for their sustenance, food security find it difficult to seek alternative options. Demanding physical work and lack of interface with institutions hinders their imagination thereby any new measures of control. The collaborative work of National Innovation Foundation-India and Dr G C Negi, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur Himachal Pradesh resulted in sharing a model of exchanging technical know-how from research station/University system to farm field. The study had noticed that rate of infestation at predilection site was 10.90±6.84 (X ±α) number of ticks. The data were analyzed statistically using paired t' test. The calculated value of t0.05 for 20 d.f was 6.89 ( at 24 hour); 5.78 ( at 48 hour) intervals was more than t' table value (t0.05, 20=2.08) confirming significant efficacy of indigenous medication. It was found that herbal medication had shown 75 percent efficacy over tick infestation upon second day of administration. These in-situ herbal preparations which can be prepared at farmers field needs to be diffused for benefit of livestock owners. Sustaining environment friendly technology is paramount and is more imminent in Hilly regions. The research work demonstrated importance of leveraging animal husbandry department for technology demonstrations. Devesh Thakur 1,* , Alok K Sharma 1 , Ravikumar RK 2 and Vipin Kumar 2


HE SUBJECT of geographical price relations may, at first glance, seem to be a highly specialized topic deserving only of the interest of the technical price statistician, but without much significance for the economic community at large. However, a more thorough analysis shows that this view is not quite correct. The existing geographical pricing systems have been, and are at the present time, being challenged by statutory regulations, hearings and examinations by federal agencies; so that the time is ripe for an analysis and review of the various concepts surrounding this matter. The subject is one which concerns all of us. Practically every industry and trade, consciously or unconsciously, engages in the practice of selling at prices which are differentiated upon a geographical basis. This fact may be quickly seen by an examination of the most typical or representative pricing systems prevalent in marketing. The distributor who sells in uniform price zones or at a uniform price over the entire country illustrates this situation. His delivered prices to consumers, within each zone or throughout the country, as the case may be, are uniform; but his prices at the mill are different for practically every district to which he sells. The net price which the producer obtains is the price paid by the consumer minus the delivery costs; thus resulting in a system of differentiated net prices due to varying delivery costs. A different system of geographical price differentiation is found in the case in which the producer practices freight equalization. The essence of freight equalization can be summarized in the fact that while inclusion in the delivered price of the full amount of freight incurred by the seller is regarded as th basis for the computation of delivered prices, an amount lower than actual freight will be included by any seller who has to compete with another seller who is freightwise more favorably located than the former. In this manner all prospective sellers competing for business at a given place qualize that element in their delivered prices, which represents freight, by reducing it o the lowest freight rate actually paid by an one of them. The difference between the amount recovered as part of the delivered price and the amount defrayed is absorbed by the seller. If this method of pricing is practiced, it is clear that the seller will obtain very different net yields on the individual sales made by him. Whenever he sells to a distant destination and has to abso b a substantial amount of freight, his n.t retu n will naturally be much lower than on sales made in his immediate vicinity or to points where he is not forced by competition to bsorb any freight. Similar to the freight equalization scheme n certain respects, though substantially different from it in others, is the system of basing point pricing. Under this system prices fo the commodity in question are quoted exclusively as of a certain basing point or basing points; and all sellers, regardless of their actual shipping points and the distances over which their goods are actually transported, charge the basing point price plus freight from the basing point to destination. In this system an element of fictitious 'A paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Marketing Society, Nov. 27, 1936.


The technology of the gluten free production process has begun to be studied in order to prevent the occurrence of ciliac disease or inflammation of the digestive tract. The absence of gluten which can increase the viscosity and extension characteristics of bakery products is needed to improve the quality of bakery products. Hydrocolloid is a food additive that is known to have characteristics that can increase the viscosity of the dough and improve the quality of gluten free bakery products. In this paper try to examine the opportunities of several hydrocolloids and their characteristics on the quality of gluten free bakery products produced. The study in this paper is expected to provide benefits in the development of gluten free bakery products in general.


Objective:To illustrate the special clinical manifestations of children hypertension and rational therapy for renal vascular hypertension.Methods: The etiological factors of renal vascular hypertension in 26 children were renal artery fiber hypogenesis(n=12) and Takayasu arteritis(n=14).Renal artery stent implantation was performed in 22 children,renal artery balloon angioplasty in 2,and nephrectomy in 1.Postoperative follow-up time was 3 years.Results: The postoperative blood pressure sustained normally in 21 children and also normal in 5 administrated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.Restenosis after stent implantation was found in 2 children.Renal function,heart function and plasma renin returned to normal level in all the children.Conclusion: The children with syncope,nausea and vomiting after exercise,and agnogenic cardiac insufficiency should be considered as hypertension and hypertensive crisis.The best therapeutic regimen of renal vascular hypertension in children is vascular interventional treatment.Renal artery stent implantation doesn't influence kidney growth in children.Renal artery balloon angioplasty should be performed for children with diameter of renal artery 4 mm.


Context. Helically forced magneto-hydrodynamic shearing-sheet turbulence can support different large-scale dynamo modes, although the {\alpha} - {\Omega} mode is generally expected to dominate because it is the fastest growing. In an {\alpha} - {\Omega} dynamo, most of the field amplification is produced by the shear. As differential rotation is an ubiquitous source of shear in astrophysics, such dynamos are believed to be the source of most astrophysical large-scale magnetic fields. Aims. We study the stability of oscillatory migratory {\alpha} - {\Omega} type dynamos in turbulence simulations. Methods. We use shearing-sheet simulations of hydromagnetic turbulence that is helically forced at a wavenumber that is about three times larger than the lowest wavenumber in the domain so that both {\alpha} - {\Omega} and {\alpha}2 dynamo action is possible. Results. After initial dominance and saturation, the {\alpha} - {\Omega} mode is found to be destroyed by an orthogonal {\alpha}2 mode sustained by the helical turbulence alone. We show that there are at least two processes through which this transition can occur. Conclusions. The fratricide of {\alpha} - {\Omega} dynamos by its {\alpha}2 sibling is discussed in the context of grand minima of solar and stellar activity. However, the genesis of {\alpha} - {\Omega} dynamos from an {\alpha}2 dynamo has not yet been found.


Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil fertility status with the application of zinc and biofertilizers in hybrid rice and chickpea. Study Design: The design taken for study was Randomized Block Design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: Students Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, between July 2018 – July – 2020. Methodology: The experiment included twelve treatment groups replicated three times in Randomized Block Design. Results: Soil parameters were also influenced with the application of zinc and biofertilizer. The available nitrogen varied between 192 to 223 kg ha -1 and 191 to 222 kg ha -1 at after harvest during Original Research Article Kashyap et al.; CJAST, 39(32): 102-109, 2020; Article no.CJAST.62114 103 first and second year in case of rice crop. The available phosphorus in case of rice was varied between 11.82 to 11.88 kg ha -1 at before harvest and 11.75 to 13.65 kg ha -1 at after harvest during first year. In case of available potassium it varied from 169 to 173 kg ha -1 at before harvest of the crop and 169 to 185 kg ha at after harvest during first year. Similarly, significant increase in sulphur and zinc was also observed with application of zinc and biofertilizers. The available nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sulphur and zinc were analysed numerically highest with the application T7 (100 per cent RDN + 25 per cent N FYM + S40 + ZnO + *Azotobacter or **Rhizobium) as compared to control at before and after harvest the crop during both the years that is 2018-19 and 2019-20. Similar trend was seen in case of chickpea crop. Conclusion: Therefore, the combination of micronutrients and biofertilizers, proved beneficial, indicating to use balanced fertilizers to get maximum benefit and maintaining soil health in ricechickpea cropping system for the farmers of Central Uttar Pradesh conditions.


Architecture of vernacular settlement is an interesting research topic since it expresses the culture and the local wisdom of its people. Until now knowledge about architecture of vernacular settlements is still marginalized from the discourses of philosophies, approaches and theories about settlement architecture in Indonesia. On the other sense, architecture of vernacular settlement phenomena is believed to have potentials to build local theories for conserving and preserving the old settlements and produce new settlements design which based on local wisdom that fit with local cultures and physical conditions and in line with sustainable architecture. This research is about architecture of vernacular settlement in socio-cultural contexts of Dawanese in Kaenbaun village of Timor island. The research was guided by Husserlian phenomenology paradigm. The objectives of the research are to reach indepth understanding about of Dawanese settlement culture in Kaenbaun village and to find the concepts and implicit theories which are used for designing the architecture of their settlement. The results of the research are indepth knowledge about Kaenbaunese socioculture and its settlement architecture, and the spatial formation theory as the base of their settlement design. Formation of Kaenbaun settlement architecture is based on four spiritual elements i.e. (1) sacred stone, (2) sacred water spring, (3) clan sacred house, and (4) catholic belief. Spatial formation of Kaenbaun settlement architecture is based on Kaenbaun unique clans formation that are supported by four specific concepts, i.e. (1) ethnical brotherhood concept, (2) unite of the ancestor within catholic church, (3) cultural diversity in unity, and (4) unite with nature. The four specific concepts generate local customs and used as guidance for spatial behavior of Kaenbaun people and as the base for their spatial formation of Kaenbaun settlement design. The Kaenbaun spatial formation theory is essentially based on the Kaenbaunese ideal values: ideal life is in union with God, ancestors, brothers and sisters, and nature in the universe. Based on that reason, the Kaenbaun spatial formation theory called socio-spiritual spatial theory because contains with social and spiritual substances.


Abstract: In order to improve the compatibility of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and asphalt in application of asphalt pavement, the surface of PVA fiber is pretreated with KH-570 silane coupling agent. The tests such as contact angle, rotational viscosity, temperature scanning, multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) and the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) are conducted to study the compatibility and high temperature rheological properties of original PVA fiber (T) and surface treated PVA fiber (ST) modified asphalts with different contents, so as to evaluate the effect of surface modification process on the rheological properties of PVA fiber modified asphalt. The results show that the surface treatment process improves the compatibility of asphalt and PVA fiber. Compared with T, ST has better viscosity increasing effect, rutting resistance, and permanent deformation resistance at the same content,


There is provided a substrate supporting vibration structure which is a vibration structure for supporting a substrate. The substrate supporting vibration structure includes a spacer member, fixed between a first substrate and a second substrate, having at least one form selected from a pillar form and a long strip form; and a piezoelectric element, formed at a predetermined position between the first substrate and the second substrate or at a predetermined position of the long strip-form portion of the spacer member, having a vibration supporting portion and a vibration applying portion. In the structure, the vibration supporting portion and vibration applying portion of the piezoelectric element are disposed in the thicknesswise direction of the first and second substrates stacked.


This paper provides a historical account of the development of the methodology of disaggregate behavioral travel demand analysis along with its connection to random utility maximization. Some of the current research topics are discussed and some issues that require more work are identified.


The GOLEM tokamak offers students and other interested parties the opportunity to gain "hands-on" experience through online experimentation in the field of plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion in tokamaks. A typical online experiment scenario is outlined. The new web application facilitating safe, easy and efficient online experimentation, including a live, real-time view of the experiment is described in detail. Simple access to the open and extensive database of experimental results is demonstrated. Finally, the wide range of possible experimental topics from past -and applicable to future-online experimentation sessions is reported.


Abstract Research has long observed the absence of gender in child care policy, media, and elections. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has invoked critical questions about child care and its importance to states' economic recoveries around the world. In this research note, we analyze news coverage of child care in major Canadian daily newspapers to explore whether and how news narratives regarding child care are shifting in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, are we seeing a focus on women and gender in child care coverage amid the compounding pressures that women face in the current social and economic climate? The results of our analysis suggest that the pandemic has not shifted the conversation on child care and that current coverage principally reflects long-standing trends in child care framing. We find that gender remains systematically written out of coverage of child care, occluded by a larger focus on health-, economic-, and accessibility-related concerns about child care services.


Addressing the relationship between consumption behaviour, leisure time and the market, we seek a solution to the problem of the maintenance of consumption expenditure in economies where leisure time is shortest for those who have the most to spend, a contradiction particularly characteristic of societies belonging to the politico-economic regime type identified as 'liberal market'. In contrast to ideas of conspicuous consumption based on display, we present a concept of 'inconspicuous consumption' relating to an imagined future use of purchases already made. Expensive leisure goods that symbolize a wished-for self-identity or lifestyle are purchased by high-income earners with little leisure time. From the point of view of the production sector, the purpose is achieved and a sale is made. However, the purchased goods remain 'in storage'at home as symbols of a potential but unrealized and, in the meantime, unrealizable future. We illustrate different modalities of the practices of inconspicuous consumption and distinguish it from other consumption practices.


NF-κB activation occurs in the majority patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, directly targeting NF-κB has proven unsuccessful, and recent studies have demonstrated a certain effect of the indirect inhibition of NF-κB. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a common intermediate messenger for NF-κB activation by inducers. In the present study, the level of MyD88 in PDAC was detected using a public database and a tissue chip. A specific inhibitor (ST2825) of MyD88 was used on PDAC cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Transcriptome sequencing was used for ST2825-treated PANC-1 cells compared with untreated PANC-1 cells. The levels of related factors were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, transcription factor assay and an NF-κB phospho-antibody array were performed to identify the detailed underlying mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed to verify the effects of ST2825 on PDAC, which were found in the in vitro experiments. MyD88 was found to be overexpressed in PDAC. ST2825 induced the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of PDAC cells. ST2825 inhibited MyD88 dimerization to inactivate the NF-κB pathway. ST2825 inhibited AKT1 expression and induced p21 overexpression to induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity. NF-κB activation, AKT1 overexpression or p21 knockdown partially reversed the effects of ST2825 in PDAC. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that ST2825 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the MyD88/NF-κB/AKT1/p21 pathway in PDAC. MyD88 may thus serve as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC. ST2825 may serve as a novel agent for the targeted therapy of PDAC in the future.


Concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent, cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (CDDP) in NFSa fibrosarcoma tumors were investigated using a conventional PIXE analysis on the basis of an internal standard method to study enhancement of antitumor effects caused by proton therapy combined with CDDP treatment. Results of the PIXE analysis showed that platinum concentration of the tumors treated with CDDP at a single dose of 10 mg/kg was 2.0±0.1 µg/g and persisted at the level at least 6 hours after the administration. The present study demonstrated that the presence of CDDP in the tumor caused an enhanced therapeutic effect on tumor growth delay when CDDP treatment was combined with post proton-irradiation in comparison with CDDP treatment alone or proton therapy alone.


Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a variable, autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue whose cardinal features affect the cardiovascular system, eyes, and skeleton. The patient′s prognosis depends on the severity of cardiovascular complications and is mainly determined by progressive dilation of the aorta. If signs of MFS are recognized, it is important to refer to the correct health care professional for further testing to prevent associated complications. Hereby, we report a case of MFS who was unaware about the cardiac manifestations, thereby emphasizing the importance in identifying this potentially life-threatening condition in dental practice.


The quadrupole, monopole and dipole generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) as a function of momentum transfer are respectively calculated for these 3p6 → 3p5 (4p, 5p, 6p) and 3p6 → 3p5 (4s, 5s, 6s) transitions. Configuration interaction (CI) and random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) methods are used in the determination of these GOS, in the length and velocity forms. The code of Hibbert has been used to generate the wavefunctions from which a partial of argon GOSs are been computed. The present work has reduced the gap between the absolute values of the theoretical calculations of GOSs and those of the experimental results of Zhu et al for the quadrupole excitations to 3p5 (4p, 5p). The profile of our quadrupole GOS 3p6 → 3p55p transition agrees well with the experimental result of Zhu. The best agreement (0.7%) is observed between the (length) first maximum position and the experimental one for the quadrupole GOS 3p6 → 3p54p transition. The present velocity GOS minimum position for the dipole excitation in 3p6 → 3p54s and the calculated velocity GOS maximum position of the monopole 3p6 → 3p54p transition are in good agreement with the experimental observations (differences of 1.82% and 3.08%, respectively). Correlation effects decrease with increasing of the excited state principal quantum number and have no great influence on the extrema positions.


Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy often eludes our conventional classification of detective fiction owing to its lack of categorizing features. However, occasionally one finds objections made to Dreiser's fiction based on what seems now to be a classification of rigidity and invariance. Thus, one of the things which discredits this novel is our preoccupation with a fully-textured and well-developed "whodunit," whose lure makes us oblivious to esoteric "whydunits." Instead of adding the hybrid of the "whodunit" variety, Dreiser took the scaffold of conventional crime stories to craft An American Tragedy , so its built-in themes gradually settle into a "whydunit" storyline. While the moral center of traditional detective fiction is staging the most popular version of a classic "whodunit," this paper goes against this literary trend in the interpretation of crime writing. The first foray into Dreiser's fiction is made to shed new light on the controversy surrounding modernist and postmodernist views of crime stories, an ongoing tug of war which remains a dynamic element of the heated literary dispute. Then, this paper paves second inroads into unraveling the entangled relationship between "deep ideological constants" and "surface ideological variables." Despite a fierce sense of competition, generated by two sets of opposites as mentioned above, which might strive to engulf us, the ending of Dreiser's work wraps up a clever satire solidly built on a classic case of "whodunit," while the myriad socioeconomic problems linger over the unresolved "whydunits." Keywords: Theodore Dreiser, An American Tragedy , Detective Fiction, Modernism, Postmodernism.


To explore expression of P-gp, HSP70 and GST-π,and to evaluate their clinical significance in breast cancer. Routine section preparation from 60 cases with breast cancer patients with perfect follow-up data were measured with SP Immunohistochemistry method to evaluate the clinical significance of P-gp, HSP70 and GST-π. The expression rate of MDR1 was 37.33%.The positive expression rate of MDR1 was increased along with malignant degree(P0.01) and decrease along with 10-year survival rate(P0.05). The expression rate of MDR1 was not related to age, positive lymph node number and clinical tumor stage(P0.05). The expression rate of HSP70 was 33.33%. The positive expression rate of HSP70 was increased along with malignant degree(P0.01) and decrease along with 10-year survival rate(P0.05). The expression rate of HSP70 was not related to age, positive lymph node number and clinical stage(P0.05). The expression rate of GST-π was 56.67%. The expression of GST-π was correlated with clinical stage(Ⅳ,ⅢⅡ,Ⅰ) and positive lymph node number. The expression rate of GST-π was not related to age,malignant degree positive lymph node number and 10-year survival rate(P0.05). Co-expression of P-gp and GST-π in breast cancer was found in evidence. [Conclusion] A combined analysis of the expression of P-gp, HSP70 and GST-π in breast cancer may contribute to the selection of drug in chemotherapy. Among them the expression of P-gp is of special importance.


Education plays a critical role in empowerment of an individual. In its commitment to provide 'Quality Higher Education for all', and promoting gender equity through education, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has initiated certain scholarships and other schemes for empowerment of women and girl students. This is a study of the selected schemes of the UGC and performance during the period 2015-16 to 2020-21. Secondary Data collected from the Annual Reports of the Commission revealed under-utilisation of available scholarships and fellowships. There is a need to enhance the awareness about the schemes of women empowerment. The scheme for Women Studies Centres in Universities and Colleges was enlarged to include the Scheme of Capacity Building of Women Managers in Higher Education in the twelfth plan. Presently there are 159 Women Studies Centres in various Universities and Colleges across the country. The performance of scheme for construction of women hostels has also been studied. During the year 2017-18, there were maximum beneficiaries for Post-Doctoral Fellowship for Women and Indira Gandhi Post-Graduate Scholarship for Single Girl Child. There is a need to create awareness about the 'Saksham' Portal and enhance the participation of women in research activities.


Background A borderline personality disorder is a common personality disorder characterized by unstable emotions, interpersonal relationships, and behavior. In addition, there are many causes of borderline personality disorder, including genetic factors, biochemical factors, and psychosocial factors. At the same time, prolonged work is also one of the causes of borderline personality disorder. Subjects and Methods 100 building workers with BPD in a certain area were selected as participants in this study and divided into two groups, the observation group, and the control group, with 50 cases in each group, to analyze the impact of prolonged work on borderline personality disorder (BPD) among construction workers. Both groups received medication for basic treatment. In addition, patients in the control group only need to work for a fixed time, 8 hours a day, and weekends are off. The observation group's patient needs to work for a long time, 15 hours a day and has a weekend off. The treatment period for both groups of patients is one month. The analysis tools used in the study include the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Personality Diagnosis Questionnaire Edge Scale, and SPSS23.0. Results The results showed that after treatment, the marginal symptom score of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two (P<0.05). After treatment, the depression and anxiety scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference between the two was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions prolonged labor is not conducive to the rehabilitation of borderline personality disorders among construction workers. Acknowledgement The research is supported by the excellent teaching team project of the "green basket project" in colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province (No. 2021JYTSZJZ05).


Abstract : In order to study autonomous behaviors in small military robots, researchers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) renovated an existing but outdated ATRV research robot. Commercial sensors with capabilities resembling those anticipated from the military tech base were selected and integrated, and the computing capability was substantially enhanced by judiciously selecting commercial components. Support electronics were upgraded or replaced as necessary. Safety elements common in larger robotic vehicles were integrated into the small ATRV chassis. Systems software was selected to provide a stable foundation for the advanced functions envisioned. Player, a middleware widely used by academic robot researchers, was incorporated as a springboard to the agent-based behaviors believed necessary for the next phase of development in robotics. A distributed development environment was implemented to enable parallel software efforts. Issues in software architecture were identified, and architectures from the literature were investigated in search of a foundation for future work. Without major investment, the antiquated research robot has become a key element in ARL's quest to develop technologies for a highly capable robot to team with soldiers on tomorrow's urban battlefield.


Example embodiments herein relate to reducing medical lead conductor structure bending fatigue. The various embodiments includes a lead body supporting portion, may further comprise other optimization features such as semi-conductor bent straight portion of the lumen to reduce fatigue or the like semi-straight sides.


A report by board members on new projects undertaken bringing in additional income is presented. Appreciation was expressed for members support and hard work.


A new transition at 55.8 nm (22.2 eV) has been observed in

 N
 2

 2
 +

 arising
 from multiphoton excitation of N2 with intense
 subpicosecond 248-nm radiation. The band has an observed width of ~
 0.3 nm FWHM, exhibits vibrational splittings, has an estimated
 radiative lifetime of ~ 100 ps, and is attributed to a
 3Πu→ 3Πg excimer-like
 transition arising from the direct multiphoton production of molecular
 levels having a 2σg vacancy. The upper level has a

 (

 2

 σ
 g

 −
 1

 ,
 1

 π
 u

 −
 1

 )

 configuration, an equilibrium internuclear separation of ~ 1.2 Å, and
 results from an entirely new strong-field mode of electronic
 excitation.


The role of vacuum technology in plasma confinement research and in fusion reactor development is briefly reviewed and discussed. Various wall materials and surface conditioning techniques have been developed since 1970's to solve the impurity and density control problems for pulse-operated plasma confinement devices. These works bring about a new domain in the vacuum technology. Although some special vacuum components and techniques have been applied to practical uses in the construction phase of large tokamak devices, the improved vacuum technology for heavier load operation is still needed to realize a steady-state fusion reactor.


Not until the Rampart Scandal (the exposure of wide- spread corruption in the LAPD's Rampart anti-gang Community Resources against Street Hoodlums unit) in the late 1990s led to a federal consent decree did the LAPD face rigorous oversight. While leading to a new era in the LAPD's history, such oversight also opened possibilities for expanded police authority because decades of get-tough policies embedded police power in urban politics. As the conclusion to Policing Los Angeles, this chapter demonstrates the continued operation of the police power as well as the ways activists and residents in Los Angeles have continued to push for reform and restructuring of the Los Angeles Police department.


Objective:To observe the effect of the individualized training program(ITP) on the comprehensive function of children with cerebral palsy.Methods: 100 children with cerebral palsy were divided into two groups,with 50 cases in every group.Both groups were treated by comprehensive rehabilitation therapy,and the ISP group was additionally treated with the ITP according to the system of standardized rehabilitation training.The score of development quotient(DQ),Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) and comprehensive function assessment were contrasted before and after training.Results:After the training for 3 months,the scores of DQ,GMFM and comprehensive function assessment in two groups were significantly increased,and those in ITP group were higher than in control group(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:The ITP from the system of standardized rehabilitation training could fully improve the comprehensive functions(intelligence and movement) of children with cerebral palsy.


This paper deals wi th two l imit ing cases of laminar heat transfer over blunt-nosed bodies at hypersonic flight speeds, or high s tagnat ion temperatures: (a) thermodynamic equil ibrium, in which the chemical reaction rates are regarded as "very fas t" compared to the rates of diffusion across streamlines; (b) diffusion as rate-governing, in which the volume recombination rates within the boundary layer are "very s low" compared to diffusion across streamlines. In either case the gas density near the surface of a blunt-nosed body is m u c h higher than the density jus t outside the boundary layer, and the velocity and stagnation enthalpy profiles are m u c h less sensitive to pressure gradient than in the more familiar case of moderate temperature differences. In fact, in case (a), the nondimensionalized enthalpy gradient at the surface is represented very accurately by the "classical" zero pressure gradient value, and the surface heat-transfer rate distribution is obtained directly in terms of the surface pressure distribution. In order to i l lustrate the method , this solution is applied to the special cases of an unyawed hemisphere and an unyawed, b lunt cone capped by a spherical segment . In the opposite l imit ing case where diffusion is ratecontrolling the diffusion equation for each species is reduced to the same form as the low-speed energy equation, except that the Prandtl number is replaced by the Schmidt number . The simplifications introduced in case (a) are also applicable here, and the expression for surface heat transfer rate is similar; the maximum value of the ratio between the rate of heat transfer by diffusion alone and by heat conduction alone in the case of thermodynamic equil ibrium is given by: (Prandtl n o . / S c h m i d t no.)'. When the diffusion coefficient is es t imated by taking a reasonable value of a tom-molecule collision cross section this ratio is 1.30. Additional theoretical and (especially) experimental studies are clearly required before these s imple results are accepted.


In preparation for the next SAR-X/SIR-C Shuttle mission, we devised an experiment aimed to compare the classical HH inversion algorithm for the retrieval of ocean wave spectra from SAR images, with a new method based on the use of cross-spectra. The results obtained with the two methods are compared and discussed. They stress the importance of the cross-spectra method which does not require a "first guess spectrum" for initializing the inversion procedure.


A converter angle valve solves problems that sealing rings of butterfly valves or ball valves mounted below converters deform after being heated in vinyl chloride monomer production devices, thereby resulting in untight sealing and closure of the valves and further generating leakage, and therefore, the butterfly valves or ball valves require to be regularly repaired and replaced, which wastes time and labor, thereby resulting in high product cost and bringing hidden dangers to safety production. The converter angle valve comprises a valve body and a valve bonnet, wherein a spool is arranged in the valve body, which is characterized in that an advancing mechanism is arranged on the valve bonnet, the advancing mechanism is sealed with the valve bonnet, one end of the advancing mechanism penetrates into the valve body to be connected with the spool, and a seal gasket is arranged on the end face of the spool facing an inlet of the valve body. The converter angle valve is easy to be turn on and turn off, has good sealing property and long service life, can reduce production cost and guarantees safe production.


We present an experimental study of electron-electron exchange interaction in self-assembled CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots based on the photoluminescence measurements. The character and strength of this interaction are obtained by simultaneous observation of various recombination channels of a doubly negatively charged exciton, including previously unrecognized emission lines related to the electron-singlet configuration in the final state. A typical value of the electron singlet-triplet splitting, which corresponds to the exchange integral of electron-electron interaction, has been determined as 20.4 meV with a spread of 1.4 meV across the wide population of quantum dots. We also evidence an unexpected decrease of energy difference between the singlet and triplet states under a magnetic field in Faraday geometry.


We had generalized the trigonometric fuzzy number and
calculate the four fundamental operations between generalized trigonometric
fuzzy sets. We give a concrete example but can't give the explicit
graph of the results because the results are given by the inverse functions.
We sketchy graphs roughly for the results of the example using
mathematica. We know that our results are correct from the rough
graphs.


Under the frame of Euler equations and Beam Warming TVD scheme,three time derivative discretion methods,i.e.Beam Warming implicit approximative factorization algorithm,implicit subiteration algorithm and simplified Runge Kutta five stage scheme,are numerically tested for the early evolution of underexpanded free jet flow.The results show that (i)Beam Warming implicit approximative factorization algorithm can give reasonable patterns of flowfield in whole.Some detailed features should be further studied;(ii)Implicit subiteration scheme with first\|order accuracy in time would result in some abnormal phenomena so that the accuracy may not be enough for the unsteady flow;(iii)The results computed by implicit subiteration scheme with second order accuracy in time are well in agreement with that by simplified Runge Kutta five stage scheme, so we can regard these two difference methods as feasible algorithms for unsteady flow computation.


Greater frequencies of change to network devices configuration is a potentially disruptive factor in an already complex and challenging networked universe. Changes may lead to potential configuration errors, policy violations, inefficiencies, vulnerable states, and security threats that are "allowed in" through faulty or non-compliant configurations. The current Network Management landscape is in dire need for an automated process to prioritize and manage risks, audit configurations against internal policies or external best practices, and provide centralized reporting for monitoring and regulatory purposes in real time. Our proposed Policy Compliance and Change Detection System is implemented using two modules: The Runtime Compliance Manager (RCM), and the Common Policy Language (CPL). The CPL is used to express device and organizational policies, and was detailed. This paper describes the design requirements for policy exchange and management between the Policy Decision Control Server and the Policy Clients, and describes the methods for keeping the policy between the Policy Client and the Policy Decision Control Server in sync despite network interruptions.


Tunstall was right: The problem with American co mmunication research goes deep. It is true that the field is flush with resources that other disciplines covet, including an enormous supply of undergraduate would-be celebrities. But the same conditions that fill our lecture halls also guarantee the discipline's low-status obscurity. The students—in all their sea-of-white-baseball-caps, Miss Americacontestant splendor—enroll because they want to write press release leads or prebroadcast rundowns. Most communication programs are in the business of vocational instruction first; academic analysis of the media is an often-resented, parasitic add-on. We all suffer because of the vocational taint, if only because the whole field got erected atop that rickety foundation.


Porous polyacrylonitrile(PAN) ultrathin fibers with nanopore structures were prepared by electrospinning a ternary system of PAN/dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)/N,N′-dimethylformamide(DMF) using a water bath at 3℃.We investigated the effects of proportion of DMSO to DMF,collection medium,PAN concentration,applied voltage and needle to collector distance on the diameter and surface porosity of PAN ultrathin fibers.The optimum electrospinning parameters are given as PAN concentration of 15 wt%,DMSO/DMF proportion of 1∶1(W/W),applied voltage of 16 kV,needle to collector distance of 5 cm,solution flow rate of 0.7 mL/h,relative humidity of 40%~70% and room temperature of 25℃.The diameter,morphology and porosity of porous PAN ultrathin fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,showing the fibers,which were obtained under the optimum conditions,were porous throughout with a diameter ranging from 420 nm to 490 nm,an average diameter of 468 nm and surface porosity of 3.4%.The BET specific surface area was measured by nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms.It can reach 43.86 m2/g,which is 5 times higher than the theoretical surface area of smooth and nonporous 468 nm PAN fibers.Moreover,nonsolvent induced phase separation has been proposed to be the main mechanism for the formation of porous PAN fibers,which is confirmed by the ternary phase diagram of PAN/(DMSO+DMF)/H2O.


We review five mechanisms for forming brown dwarfs: (i) turbulent fragmentation of molecular clouds, producing very low-mass prestellar cores by shock compression; (ii) collapse and fragmentation of more massive prestellar cores; (iii) disc fragmentation; (iv) premature ejection of protostellar embryos from their natal cores; and (v) photo-erosion of pre-existing cores overrun by HII regions. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive. Their relative importance probably depends on environment, and should be judged by their ability to reproduce the brown-dwarf IMF, the distribution and kinematics of newly formed brown dwarfs, the binary statistics of brown dwarfs, the ability of brown dwarfs to retain discs, and hence their ability to sustain accretion and outflows. This will require more sophisticated numerical modelling than is presently possible, in particular more realistic initial conditions and more realistic treatments of radiation transport, angular momentum transport and magnetic fields. We discuss the minimum mass for brown dwarfs, and how brown dwarfs should be distinguished from planets.


The well known Jensen inequality, holds true for every convex functions. However, we found that it is possible to apply it to some problems related to nonconvex functions for which Jensen's inequality holds true locally. Having considered a set of such functions, we noted some general patterns. We show that the key point, which provides Jensen's inequality holds true locally, is that the plot of function should be situated at only one side from the local base curve defined compatible with conditional variables. Moreover, we have achieved even more general result. It turned out that the graph of the function can be located on either sides of the local base curve, with the conditions. This result allows one to prove easily difficult types of inequalities, and on the other hand to broaden applications in physics, economy, and information theory. On the basis of the conducted analysis of different sources it is possible to claim, that our method is applicable to about three fourths of studied inequalities related to Jensen's inequality.


The article considers transformation of the Egyptian foreign policy towards the Crusader States in the first years after mamluks' coming to power. Due to different reasons the previous academic papersconsidered this policy to sufficient extent only after the beginning of the reign of al-Zahir Baybars (1260-1277) (this is primarily due to the specifics of the sources, as well as the low interest of theworld science to seemingly minor events that having a purely regional dimension). The aim of the article is to identify the reasons and nature of this transformation. The object of the research is theforeign policy of the first mamluks before al-Zahir Baybars's reign. Mongol invasion, the previous attempt of Louis IX to attack Cairo, as well as the conflict between Genoa and Venice resulted inmamluks' decision to eliminate completely the Crusader States in the Middle East.


Based on virtual work theory, a generalized stable-state theorem of Robot is presented. A general algorithm of unified force and moment equivalent transform between different coordinates and different direction questions is realized.


Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was isolated from eight nonhuman primates, one Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni), and one dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) that died peracutely between January 1985 and October 1987 at Audubon Park Zoo, New Orleans, Louisiana. Gross pathology consisted of excessive pericardial fluid, epicardial hemorrhages, and pale foci within the myocardium. Microscopic changes included myofiber necrosis, edema, and mononuclear cell infiltration within the myocardium. Anti-EMCV antibody was found in a variety of species including a capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), which subsequently died of a necrotizing myocarditis but from which virus was not isolated. Although one hospital staff member had a high anti-EMCV antibody titer, all primate keepers were seronegative. Encephalomyocarditis virus was recovered from 38 wild rodents, one opossum (Didelphis virgi niana), and one rabbit (Sylvilagus sp.) collected on the zoo grounds. Fifty-five percent of the positive samples were found in areas where confirmed deaths had occurred or antibody-positive animals were housed. A killed vaccine was developed and administered to six domestic cats, 12 primates, and one camel. Antibody response to vaccination was variable.


SUMMARY The paper presents application of the FEMA P695 Methodology for 3D panel construction system including sixteen archetypes of different configurations. The FEMA P695 Methodology is intended for design of new structural systems. It provides a rationale method of evaluating the seismic performance factors (SPFs ), including the response modification coefficient (R- factor), the system overstrength factor ( Ω0), and deflection amplification factor (C d), of a proposed seismic force-resisting system. Th e Methodology incorporates certain steps for the development, analysis, and the probab ilistic assessment of collapse risk of a consistent number of buildings. The Methodology uses nonlinear analysis techniques to characterize nonlinear static and dyn amic behavior of a proposed seismic force-resisting syst em; another advantage of the Methodology is that it explicitly considers uncertainties in ground motion, modeling, design, and test data. It is shown that the Method ology can be directly applied to a series of 3D panel index a rchetypes, with a significant number of archetypes satisfying the criteria of the Methodology.


Brinjal is a tropical vegetable cultivated throughout the tropical regions of India. The varieties of Solanum melongena L. display a wide range of fruit shapes and colors. An experiment was conducted for the production of tolerant variety with the native variety of brinjal cv. Valuthalai produce long and white coloured fruits. The callus regeneration efficiency of tender shoot tip, hypocotyls, leaf and stem explant were analysed using MS basal media supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of phytohormones. The frequency of callus induction for shoot tip, hypocotyls, leaves, stem explant were 76.43%, 81.56%, 74.37% and 84.92% respectively and the maximum proliferation found at 0.6mg/l 2, 4-D. The multiple shoot induction was observed with the various concentrations of auxins and cytokinins such as BAP, KIN, IAA, NAA. The effectiveness was observed in their various combining rations for the induction and proliferation. The maximum efficiency of multiple shooting was obtained at 0.2mg/l BAP and 0.6mg/l NAA and o.4 mg/l IAA. The successful rooting was recorded on media supplemented with 0.4mg/l IBA.


We studied discharge characteristics of microwave plasmas excited with a large-area planar microwave launcher installed internally in a 600-mm-diam cylindrical vacuum chamber. With the microwave power less than roughly 400W, we demonstrated the large volumetric volume-wave plasma (VWP) spread in the entire chamber at a pressure of 14–27Pa in He. Above 400W, the plasma discharge made a sudden transition to higher-density, uniform surface-wave plasma (SWP) having a spatial uniformity of ±3.5% over 300mm in diameter. Electron energy probability functions in the downstream region were studied using Langmuir probe measurements with Druyvesteyn method in both the SWP and VWP discharges.


European policymakers are weighing possible responses to the extraordinary surge in energy prices and the consequences for citizens and industry. The European Commission expects to issue additional guidance in May, following analysis due in April from the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators. We offer this proposal for consideration as a measure fit for purpose, designed to acknowledge and address the essential aspects of the current crisis:


We study barrier methods for state constrained optimal control problems with PDEs. The focus of our analysis is the path of minimizers of the barrier subproblems with the aim to provide a solid theoretical basis for function space oriented path-following algorithms. We establish results on existence, continuity, and convergence of this path. Moreover, we consider the structure of barrier subdifferentials, which play the role of dual variables.


We transfer an L barycenter construction introduced by Andrés Navas into the setting of metric spaces that satisfy a weak global non-positive curvature condition in the sense that they admit a conical geodesic bicombing. As an application, we show that if (X, d) is a complete metric space, φ : X → X is an isometry of X with a bounded orbit and X admits a φ-equivariant conical geodesic bicombing, then we have that the minimal displacement of φ is equal to zero. By the use of this approximate fixed point result we derive a fixed point theorem that entails some special cases of classical theorems from the fixed point theory of reflexive Banach spaces and CAT(0) spaces. Furthermore, we present a non-probabilistic proof of the well-known result that the Doss expectation of a Banach space valued Bochner integrable random variable is a singleton.


Chapter 4 turns to how Mexican migrants embody transnational citizenship by tracing the cross-border practice of repatriating the bodies of deceased Mexican migrants from the United States to their communities of origin in rural México. Far from being a strictly private transnational practice, migrants' desire for a posthumous return and burial in their homelands is collectively expressed in the memories, music, and everyday exchanges of the Mexican diaspora. Drawing on a transnational ethnography of migrant mourning between Los Angeles, California, and Zacatecas, México, this chapter documents how the Mexican state has institutionalized this practice at the transnational, national, state, and municipal levels of governance. Next, the chapter discusses the role of migrant family and social networks in these repatriations. As an intimate ethnography, the chapter also critically reflects on my accompaniment of Mexican migrants as they navigate transnationalism in life and death.


Aristotle's criticisms of Plato's Republic and Laws in the second book of his Politics have appeared to most commentators to be signally unconvincing. They seem to miss the point, beg the question, distort the sense or focus on the merely trivial. As one translator has put it, Aristotle is 'puzzlingly unsympathetic', Obtuse' and 'rather perverse' as a critic of Plato. But while many accept this judgement few draw attention to the


This study aims to determine managerial competencies for management of Equality Education Institutions in Tangerang relevant to the current global era. Competent managers have an impact on the quality of education. This study was qualitative research with quantitative descriptive methods. Collecting data used observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Analysis data had four steps were data collection, data reduction, data display and data analysis. The finding concluded that managerial competency must be increased to identify problems and institutional needs, build a quality learning climate and system, program evaluation models are not regular. There is no follow-up on the results of program supervision. In addition, managerial competence must also use technological devices with various advances useful in managing educational institutions.


Introduction A large portion of the domestic wastewater is considered grey-water, which is defined as water that has been used for washing dishes, laundering clothes or bathing. Overseas experiences show that it would be possible to reuse grey-water with little treatment at a significantly lower cost compared to traditional wastewater treatment. Grey-water reuse reduces the amount of freshwater needed to supply a household and reduces the amount of wastewater entering sewer or septic system. Other likely benefits include water savings, reduction in wastewater treatment costs and reduction in the threat to groundwater pollution from septic tanks. An ongoing pioneer research project at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) aims to quantify grey-water production in Omani households, evaluate grey-water quality, design suitable treatment systems and investigate likely impact of grey-water irrigation on crop growth and yield, and on soil properties. Grey-water Research at Sultan Qaboos University Four Omani households have been selected and flow meters and sampling devices have been installed. Samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters (Table 1). Following data and information were collected from a typical Omani household. The family consisted of 6 people (3 adults and 3 minors). The household received groundwater supplied by trucks for all domestic uses except drinking. Approximate usage of water as a percent of total weekly use is as follows: Kitchen – 10%, Washing Machine – 2.5%, Bathroom (shower, washing) – 32%, Toilet – 8%, Garden – 28% and Yard and car washing – 20%. Total water use is nearly 2500 gallons (11.37 m) for a week. It shows that approximately, 44.5% water use has resulted in grey-water, and 36% of other uses (Toilet flushing and Garden irrigation) could have used treated grey-water. Provided that the grey-water was treated on-site (Fig. 1) and used for toilet flushing, and gardening, the demand for trucked freshwater would have been reduced by 36% (or more). All grey-water samples showed presence of large number of Coliform and E. Coli bacteria. Although E. Coli bacteria in Washing machine sample was 25.4/100 ml (MPN), which was significantly lower than other samples. Some trace metals were detected in all samples including freshwater samples. Turbidity was highest for washing machine samples but relatively low for shower and hand basin samples. Variations in quality were observed in kitchen samples collected at different times of the day. Mixed kitchen samples were stored under two different conditions: one container was constantly aerated; the other one was covered with a lid (Table 2). The container, which was aerated, showed significant improvement in quality (reflected in BOD5 and DO concentration). A preliminary inference is that the preferred source of grey-water for garden would be water derived from the bathroom, shower and hand basins. Washing machine water may be used for toilet flushing. Washing machine water may be used for toilet flushing. Chlorination would be required for disinfection and also to prevent biological growths in the irrigation distribution lines. Removal of suspended solids would be necessary and appropriate filters need to be selected after trials.


The effect of different organic carbon sources on Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Bacillus sp. was investigated. Three organic compounds, malate, succinate and glucose were tested in Cr(Ⅵ) reduction experiments. The results demonstrated that three organic compounds all significantly enhanced Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. The enhancing degree of these three organic compounds was observed as malate>glucose>succinate, although the cell growth in succinate-added medium was similar to that in malate-added medium and was apparently higher than that in glucose-added medium. Addition of glucose resulted in decrease of pH and increase of redox potential, while addition of malate or succinate resulted in increase of pH and decrease of redox potential during Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. Cr(Ⅵ) was reduced by liquid culture metabolite when glucose was added in liquid medium, but not reduced by liquid culture metabolite when malate or succinate was applied in liquid medium for bacterial cultivation.


The structure of the title compound is made up of vanadium oxide layers, with NH + 4 cations intercalated between the layers. Each pair of VO 5 square pyramids is bridged by an edge to form a double V 2 O 8 group. The V 2 O 8 groups are connected by sharing corners to produce a twisted zigzag chain. Each VO 6 octahedron is connected to two V 2 O 8 groups by two edges and to another two V 2 O 8 groups by two corners. Hence, the twisted zigzag chains are held together through VO 6 octahedra by sharing corners and edges to form a layer structure. There are N-H...O hydrogen bonds between the vanadium oxide layer and the NH + 4 cations.


Higher education institutions are entrusted with the herculean task of ensuring quality in teaching and learning process of students. It is important that these institutions establish and maintain a proper quality assurance system so that they can offer quality services to their key stakeholders. Fashion Technology courses in India are undergoing drastic transformations in the recent years to keep pace with developments in industry and market conditions. The expectations from the stakeholders has increased manifold and it is the responsibility of the education leaders related with Fashion Technology courses to ensure higher quality in educational offerings. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the importance of different factors in ensuring quality in fashion technology courses. From the extensive review of literature on quality assurance parameters in higher education, ten unique factors were identified. Data were collected from 330 faculty members and 280 industry professionals from fashion design technology industry. Quality assurance parameters like Resources (Students, Faculty, Infrastructure), Education Management, Instructional Design and Delivery, Assessment and Evaluation, Student learning outcomes, Learning Experiences, Professional Attributes, and Skill Sets were considered in this study. Statistical measures like relative importance index (RII), t-test, correlation analysis, etc. were used to compare the perception of educators and industry professionals. The study highlights the importance of different factors in promoting quality assurance in fashion technology courses. The findings has several implications for educators to focus on enhancing quality assurance in higher education in general and fashion technology courses in particular.


Rapid, low cost evaluation of the stiffness achieved is an important consideration in the quality control of pavement construction. Traditional devices for the measurement of pavement stiffness, namely the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and the Benkelman Beam, are intended for multiple purposes (network asset evaluation, rehabilitation design and construction quality control), and collect more data than is always necessary for the targeted quality control of unbound pavement layers. Consequently, considerable effort is being devoted to the development of rapid portable pavement structural evaluation tools, in particular tools that measure fundamental engineering properties as opposed to empirical measures. In this study the performance of the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) is compared to the FWD for the measurement of stiffness, and to the Nuclear Density Gauge (NDG) for compaction control. Given that the majority of pavements in New Zealand are unbound granular pavements with a chipseal surface, the importance of compaction control of unbound layers is paramount if design stiffness is to be achieved and variability is to be controlled.


To understand Kant's transcendental deduction of categories we must distinguish between Kant's strategy foe constructing such a deduction and the manner in which this strategy is executed. I argue that both versions of the deduction contain similar strategies in which categories are identified with transcendental conditions of experience. Where the versions differ substantially is in the manner Kant executes the various stages of this strategy. It is pointed out, for instance, that in the ob jective deduction in A Kant introduces 'understanding' as a defined term (A119), whereas in B Kant postulates understanding as the funda mental activity of synthesis in terms of which he formulates the argu ments of each stage of the deduction. Once the distinction between strategy and execution is accepted, much of Vaihinger's evidence for the "patchwork thesis" dissolves. But I also argue that in neither ver sion of the deduction does Kant execute the identificatory strategy with convincing success.


Petroleum production in Middle East countries in 1963 totaled 2,490,951,000 bbls., an average of 6,824,589 b/d. This compares with a total production of 2,262,959,000 bbls., or 6,199,888 b/d in 1962. Production in Pakistan and India attained a total of 16,287,000 bbls. in 1963-an average of 44,828 b/d. This compares with a total of 11,922,000 bbls. for an average of 32,663 b/d in 1962. The increase is from India. During 1963 discoveries were reported from Turkey, Iran, Neutral Zone, Saudi Arabia, and East Pakistan (gas). The Arabian American Oil Company relinquished a sizable part of its concession during 1963. Relinquishment of acreage was also reported from Qatar, Iran, and Pakistan. The Continental Oil Company entered the Middle East during 1968 and the Pure Oil Company obtained a half interest in exploration acreage held by John W. Mecom in Dhofar and on the Trucial Coast. New Petroleum Legislation was reported from Israel and Afghanistan. The Murban field in onshore Abu Dhabi commenced production and made its first shipment in December. Two fields in Saudi Arabia were placed on production by the Arabian American Oil Company.


The present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a treating type 2 diabetes, especially those containing (3aS, 5s, 6aR) -5- (2 - ((2S, 4S) -2- cyano-4-fluoro - pyrrolidin 1-yl) -2-oxo-ethylamino) -N, N, 5- trimethyl - hexahydrocyclopenta [C] pyrrol -2 (1H) - carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g. hydrochloride) fixed dose combination pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing the pharmaceutical composition and the pharmaceutical composition to treat a mammal, including human type 2 diabetes.


In this chapter, a detailed analysis of the structure of women industrial cooperatives is carried out. There are more than 11000 small and medium sized enterprises in Kannur district, of which a majority are small-scale industries working in the traditional sector concentrated on textile based industries (CMIE, 2000). The industrial cooperatives in Kannur constitute a small but a significant segment of the small scale sector.


The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Asia-Pacific conducted a Regional Workshop on the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage from 18-20 November 2003. The workshop, attended by about 100 delegates from throughout Asia and the Pacific was held at the Hong Kong Museum of History. The workshop was designed to be a catalyst to the ratification of the convention in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper identifies the impact of the workshop in Australia and considers the pathway and likelihood of ratification by Australia.


Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the expression of calprotectin in the stools of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Method: Fecal calprotectin was measured at 2 and 10 postnatal days in full-term neonates with HIE and was compared to healthy matching controls. Results: Forty-two infants were studied; 21 suffered from HIE and 21 matching controls. Initial and 10-days-postnatal con- centrations of calprotectin were significantly greater in patients compared to controls; patients with severe HIE had the highest concentrations. Initial stool calprotectin had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity as a marker in patients with different grades of HIE having a cut off value of 355 ug/g. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most determinant factor for fecal calprotectin at 10 days was the start of oral feeding. Conclusion: Fecal calprotectin is significantly increased in neonates with HIE; its concentration correlates with the severity of the disease. Additionally, start of feeding is the most determinant factor for calprotectin expression at 10 days in this population. Further studies are recommended to assess the utility of calprotectin in determining the best time to start enteral feeding and to correlate its concentration with other laboratory and hemodynamic markers of gut ischemia.


CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerned an intriguing product development dilemma encountered at Rodney Strong Vineyards, whether to use natural corks or metal screw caps on their wines. Secondary issues examined include Total Cost Analysis, Cost of Quality, House of Quality, and the voice of the customer. The case has a difficulty level of three and is very appropriate for advanced undergraduate and MBA level classes. The case is designed to be taught in one hour of class time with one hour of outside preparation by students. CASE SYNOPSIS JohnLeyden, the Vice President of Packaging and Distribution at Rodney Strong Vineyards, wrestled with the issue of cork taint - a widespread quality problem that ruins a significant percentage of wine. Cork taint causes moldy, musty aromas that affect perhaps up to 10% of wine produced worldwide. Contamination can lead to customer alienation and ultimately lost sales. Cork taint is a defect that can be eliminated by using alternative closures, such as screw caps or plastic corks, instead of natural cork. From a quality viewpoint, the best solution is a screw cap, which offers the advantages of a durable, long-lasting seal, which can be resealed after the bottle has been opened. However, this solution has been rejected in the marketplace because cork is perceived as a high quality closure while screw caps are associated with cheap jug wines. Product development decisions require marketing, production, quality control, and purchasing to work together to find a solution. Suppliers should also be included to provide technical information and suggest solutions. The issue boils down to a choice between the technical superiority of one closure or consumer preference for a popular but inferior closure. John Ley den gathered critical information from suppliers and colleagues to help him make the decision. Possible courses of action included changing suppliers, increasing quality control efforts, using an alternate closure, or doing nothing. As the case closed, John was faced with the dilemma of whether to select a high-performance closure, which customers may not accept, or the inferior customer-preferred natural cork. Students are asked to complete a Total Cost Analysis model. They are also asked to analyze the consumer acceptance aspects of the decision. A complete House of Quality example is fully developed to assess Cost of Quality issues. INSTRUCTOR'S NOTE TEACHING OBJECTIVES This case illustrates the use of three important operations tools. (1) Total Cost Analysis is an approach to understanding all costs associated with a product decision. It considers costs of product failure, additional equipment, quality assurance, and disposal. (2) Cost of Quality is a system developed to state all the costs associated with defective products in dollars and cents. (3) The House of Quality relates customer defined product traits to the technical product specifications needed to support the customer requirements in a systematic and graphic manner. The case promotes discussion of several facets of a product development decision, including cost, consumer acceptance, and technical performance. It demonstrates that input is required from several departments in the firm as well as customers and suppliers in order to reach an appropriate decision. The case enables the instructor to teach about levels of product attributes and methods of including the voice of the customer in design decisions. Students are given practice using these tools to assess the trade-offs involved in developing a successful product. INTENDED COURSES AND LEVELS The case is suited for an advanced undergraduate or MBA level class. It is targeted for a Production Operations or Supply Chain Management course. It would be very suitable when product development or product quality issues are considered. The authors have found the wine focus to be popular with students and to generate extensive discussion. …


Science communication is certainly growing as an academic field, as well as a professional specialization. This calls to mind predictions made decades ago about the ways in which the explosion of scientific knowledge was envisioned as the likely source of new difficulties in the relationship between science and society. It is largely this challenge that has inspired the creation of the field of science communication. Has science communication become its own academic subdiscipline in the process? What exactly does this entail? What is "science communication"? American television audiences of my generation will readily recall this famous exclamation, spontaneously uttered by awed crowds at the point at which an unknown object, at first seen only dimly on a far horizon, quickly zooms closer and comes into focus, identifiable overhead as a flying man sporting the signature tights and cape of one of our earliest fictional superheroes: "It's a bird, it's a plane, it's Superman!" This example from popular culture nicely illustrates the active human desire for precise classification that forms the foundation of language itself, and thus of all human communication. So, in response to this seemingly universal human need for clarity, how should we best think of the field of science communication? What kind of a thing is it? Is it a field of professional communication, a subdiscipline of academic study, or both? Just what does it mean to claim that the field is a subdisciplne, does science communication qualify for that description, and to what full-fledged field might it rightly belong? Information scholars have been predicting for many decades (and accurately so) that the explosive growth in scientific knowledge would ultimately create new problems for those charged with organizing, storing, synthesizing, and communicating that knowledge. The digital age has brought new forms of distribution and archiving that, albeit with difficulty, appear capable of keeping up with the challenge in terms of sheer volume. Yet the parallel challenges of making advances in science, engineering, and medicine accessible and comprehensible outside the specific scientific disciplines that created them, and of appropriately explaining not only the benefits but also the risks associated with those developments to a wide range of non-expert publics, remain formidable. This has become especially apparent as traditional news media, themselves revolutionized by these same developments in digital communication technology, undergo major economic restructuring. The term "science communication" refers both to a range of related fields of professional practice and to an interdisciplinary field of study. The fields of practice (from the design of museum exhibits to the practice of science journalism and the conduct of science-oriented public information, public outreach, public engagement, and public relations activities) all involve active attempts to communicate scientific subject matter to a variety of broader publics. Adding to the challenge is the recognition that dissemination alone is not enough, however. Public communication "best practices" advice generally encourages this activity to be two-way, inviting further public involvement in broad discussion of social and ethical issues involving emerging science, rather than simply entailing one-way dissemination of information and ideas. This is good advice but adds new layers of complexity to both the understanding and the practice of science communication; few sound mechanisms exist within modern democracies for actively incorporating popular thinking into governmental and regulatory decision-making, especially for


Seismic fragility is influenced not only by subsurface profiles above engineering bedrock but also by deep subsurface profiles below engineering bedrock. We aim at presenting the method of seismic zoning in view of deep subsurface profile by use of both microtremor and strong motion record. The method employs the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of microtremor to classify the deep subsurface structures and site amplification factor by the spectral inversion of strong motion. We showed an example of seisimic zoning for Mikawa port by the proposed method. It was also shown that frequency characteristic of site amplification factors and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios were in good agreement.


THE Encyclical Letter Mortalium Animos, which follows, is a reaffirmation of the traditional doctrine of the Catholic Church, rendered necessary by the many endeavours made in recent years to bring about a united Christendom. Those efforts have failed; as such efforts must always fail, because they leave out of account the very definite teaching and tradition of the Church founded by Jesus Christ.


A novel dual antenna configuration has been developed for multi-standard multifunction mobile handsets and portable computers. Only two wideband antennas cover a frequency band from 470 MHz to 3.6 GHz, which is divided into two sub-bands; 470 – 960 MHz and 1.57 – 3.6 GHz. The new antennas are low-cost multi-polarized unbalanced resonant antennas that do not need matching circuits or any other components. Their overall sizes are very small and they do not require additional extended ground planes. They are made of a flexible material and hence they can be easily bent and/or folded in different forms in order to fit inside any mobile handset, laptop, notebook or palmtop computer.


High quality glossiness color for exterior body panel is critical to the success of automobile sales because of the impact on the purchasing decision is relying on the coating. Based on this statement, a visit to Malaysian Truck and Bus Sdn. Bhd. (MTB) has been conducted. This visit regarding many reworks is produced in coating process on the metallic color Mitsubishi Storm model vehicle. The reworks occurred when the process failed to meet designated specification limit. As calculated, there is about RM1 100 a month or RM13200 annum is spent for bad quality coating. Therefore, this project has undertaken analysis and report on the statistical process control (SPC) in the company to address this issue. SPC is invented as a prevention tool to monitor manufacturing processes and becoming framework for preventive
action. By using SPC tools specifically the x and R chart and capability study which is the C. and
indices in this particular study, variation due to assignable causes in the process has been identified where the 4M; Men, Machines, Methods and Materials, causes become the main sources of variation. The C index shows how well the process spread is compared to the specification spread and the
Cpk
index shows whether the process is producing reject or not. Analysis has showed that the painting process is in out-of-control situation. Even the C, index is 1.22 which is more than 1.00, the pattern on the control chart showing the unnatural ran process where many points in a row fell below the centerline and some points located beyond the control limits. The
index value is 0.94 and showing that rejects are produced in the process. The variations cause the C and the
Ck
indices value are lessef than expected value which are C = 1.33, and
Ck
Ck
= 1.00. Prevention action and countermeasures are proposed in order to get the process back on its target based on the effect of the 4M.
Cpk


The present invention provides a threaded joint for pipes, improved sealability, resistance to compression, resistance to mechanical damage. Specifically, an outer circumferential surface of the pin tip (30) is formed as an axial sectional view of China and Korea convex outwardly convex curve, the curve of the convex curved shape is formed as follows: in turn connected to the external thread portion has a different ( 5) towards the outer radius of curvature of a cylindrical shape adjacent to the bus bar portions (R) of the convex shape of the plurality of arcs to form a composite arc curve (N), so that the composite arcuate curve (N) with from (R) of curvature of the outer threaded portion (5) remote from the arc becomes large, and a tangential connection point on the arc tangent to the connection object on the connection point of the arc, the sleeve member (1) forming a tapered surface (20) when the sleeve member (1) and the pin member (3) when combined with an outer circumferential surface of the tip (30) to interfere with the pin tip of the pin (30) relative to the inner circumferential surface.


TIRCIS (Thermal Infra-Red Compact Imaging Spectrometer), uses a Fabry-Perot interferometer, an uncooled microbolometer array, and push-broom scanning to acquire hyperspectral image data. Radiometric calibration is provided by blackbody targets while spectral calibration is achieved using monochromatic light sources. The instrument has a mass of <10 kg and dimensions of 53 cm × 25 cm × 22 cm. The optical design yields a 120 m ground sample size given an orbit of 500 km. Over the wavelength interval of 7.5 to 14 microns up to 90 spectral samples are possible. Our performance model indicates signal-to-noise ratios of 400-800:1.


We set out to determine the accuracy of the interRAI Emergency Department (ED) Screener in predicting the need for detailed geriatric assessment in the ED. Our secondary objective was to determine the discriminative ability of the interRAI ED Screener for predicting the odds of discharge home and extended ED length of stay (>24 hours).


This paper describes a protocol in which female participants scored a range of sensory attributes and applied a financial value to sleeves made from knitted fabric after undertaking a 30 minute circuit training program in a gym. Each participant wore a test and a control sleeve which they scored a line scale for breathability (anchored by the words 'doesn't breathe well'/'breathes well'), skin feel (anchored by the words 'prickly itchy'/'soft smooth'), feel after exercise (anchored by the words 'damp sweaty'/'dry') and overall comfort (anchored by the words 'very uncomfortable'/'very comfortable'). Participants also estimated their willingness to pay (WTP) for two long-sleeved next-to-skin garments made from the test and the control fabrics. All sensory scores and WTP estimates were positively correlated. Participant and sleeve fit impacted on sensory scores and WTP estimates. However, the significance of participant and fit effects were reduced if differences between the test and control sleeves were analysed and therefore this difference was a better measure of the fabric attributes than simply meaning the test fabric score. The sleeve protocol provided a relatively inexpensive and simple means to score fabrics on sensory attributes and WTP.


On the 300th anniversary of the consolidation of the metaphysical system of Leibniz in the Discours de metaphysique and the ensuing correspondence with Antoine Arnauld, it seemed fitting to reexamine the interaction of scientific and philosophical thought in the work of this great systematic thinker. Contributors to this volume, ublished as part of the Center for Philosophy of Science Series in Philosophy of Science include John Earman, Glenn Hartz, Emily Grosholz, Francois Duchesneau, Lois Frankel, Francis J. Kovach, Ulrich Majer, George Gale, Klaus Mainzer, Larry McCullough, John Leslie, Wolfgang Lenzen, Catherine Wilson, and Hans Burkhart. Co-published with the Center for Philosophy of Science.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Cardiogenic source of embolism is the most common cause of non-lacunar ischemic stroke (IS). Identifying the patients with undiagnosed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) may reduce the risk of recurrent cardiogenic strokes. Reliable predictors of PAF seems to be crucial for selection the patients to prolonged ECG monitoring after IS.

 To assess the feasibility of echocardiography in selecting the patients with highest risk of PAF.

 We present the preliminary data of prospective cohort study of patients after IS or transient ischemic attack of unknown aetiology and possible cardiogenic origin. The examined group comprises of 40 consecutive patients without history of AF, capable to perform ECG recording.
 All patients included in the study had transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) prior the monitoring period. An offline analysis including left atrial functional and morphologic assessment was performed. Every patient enrolled in the study was equipped for 2 weeks with a mobile, on demand 1-minute single lead ECG recorder and was asked for at least two exams per day. After two weeks all recorded ECGs were checked for AF occurrence.
 The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

 From 40 patients (aged 64,5 yrs in average) included in the study 45% were males; (n=18). 15% (n=6) of patients were diagnosed with PAF during ECG monitoring and comprised PAF subgroup, the rest of patients formed non PAF subgroup (nPAF).
 Mean number of ECG records was 56,5 per patient, during the monitoring period.
 There were no significant differences between PAF/nPAF in age, past medical history, and left ventricular (LV) size or systolic function.
 Patients from PAF group have statistically significant higher values of left atrial (LA) area and volume see table 1.
 PAF group has significantly lower (in absolute values) left atrial contraction strain – (LASct). There were no differences in conduit and reservoir LA (LASr) strains nor in LA ejection fraction.
 The highest PAF diagnosis efficacy according to area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves was noted for parameters of:
 LA size: LA atrium volume index (LAVI) in 4 chamber view (AUC=0,82) and LA area index (0,81)
 LA contraction function: LASct (Avg) (AUC =0,80) LV diastolic function: E/E' (0,81)
 For the threshold of 100% sensitivity the highest specificity was found for LA volume before active atrial contraction in 4 chamber view with cut-off value of >=37,6 ml (specificity 64,7%) (Figure 1.) and LASct (Avg) with cut-off value <=17% in absolute values (specificity 47,1%).

 Both functional and morphologic parameters of LA can predict PAF diagnosis during ECG monitoring after IS.
 TTE after IS can be used to select patients who would benefit the most from prolonged ECG monitoring.
 High PAF detectability (100% sensitivity) with approximately 1/2 negative results of ECG monitoring can be achieved by both LA volumetric (LAV preA) and strain (LASct) analysis.


Brent W. AmbroseAssociate ProfessorSchool of BusinessThe University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeP.O. Box 742Milwaukee, WI 53201(414) email@example.com J. Buttimer, Jr.Assistant ProfessorThe University of Texas at ArlingtonDepartment of Finance and Real EstateP.O. Box 19449Arlington, TX 76019-0449(817) email@example.com Author: Brent W. AmbroseDecember 3, 1998We thank Charles Capone, Steve Ott, Jim Kau, and the seminar participants at theFederal Reserve Board and Harvard University for their helpful comments andsuggestions. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1998 AREUEAmeeting. Brent Ambrose acknowledges the support received by the Samuel Zell andRobert Lurie Real Estate Center Research Sponsors Program at the University ofPennsylvania.


We study the problem of scheduling jobs on identical parallel machines without preemption. In the considered setting, some of the jobs are already assigned machines and starting times, for example due to external constraints not explicitly modelled. The objective is to assign the rest of the jobs in order to minimize the makespan.

It is known that this problem cannot be approximated better than within a factor of 3/2 unless P = NP. An algorithm that achieves 3/2 + e for any e > 0 was presented by Diedrich and Jansen [DJ09], but its running time is doubly exponential in 1/e. We present an improved algorithm with approximation ratio 3/2 and polynomial running time. We also give matching results for the related problem of scheduling with reservations. The new algorithm is both faster and conceptually simpler than the previously known algorithms.


The IEEE Communications Society's Lifetime Recognition Award, presented on rare occasions to individuals who have made particularly important contributions to both technical fields and the Society's activities, was presented on May 14, 2010 to Paul E. Green, Jr. The award is conferred by special vote of the Society's Board of Governors. Past President Steve Weinstein and past IEEE Region 8 Awards Chair Hans Peek made the presentation of the award, represented by a crystal bowl, to Dr. Green in his home in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The inscription on the base reads: "To Paul Green, for a lifetime of great contributions, with love and respect from your colleagues in the IEEE Communications Society."


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection seems to be the most important cause of chronic liver disease in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) (1). The reported prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies is wide ranging among RTRs living in different countries and geographic regions from 2.6 to 66% (1-3). HCV infection is a common cause of chronic hepatitis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (4). The effect of pretransplant HCV infection on the outcome of renal transplantation is controversial and the impact of HCV infection on patient survival following it has been a subject of debate. However, some studies have shown that there is an increased risk of mortality among the recipients with a positive antiHCV antibody before transplantation (5, 6). Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are well-known hepatic complications of HCV, especially after renal transplantation (7, 8). Importantly, liver dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among RTRs and liver failure has been reported as a cause of death in 8–28% of long-term survivors following renal transplantation (5, 9-14). Nevertheless, some studies have shown better survival in HCV-positive RTRs than in similar HCV positive patients on dialysis (15). HCV infection in immunocompetent hosts is indolent and causes a slowly progressive liver dysfunction (16). However, data on natural history of HCV infection in RTRs are conflicting (16). Furthermore, the viral load increases during immunosuppressive therapy (17). However, little is known about the natural history of HCV infection during long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. In addition, the effect of HCV infection on patient and graft survival is controversial (13). On the other hand, the long-term immunosuppressive therapy in RTRs might have harmful effects upon the liver function as reported in non-renal disease individuals (13). Moreover, it has illustrated an HCV RNA-positive carrier with normal liver enzyme tests and a relatively benign course during the first decade after renal transplantation (13). In addition, some authors believe that HCV infection does not adversely affect patient and graft medium-term survival in RTRs (14, 18), and it has been suggested that fewer than 10% develop advanced fibrosis even 10 years after infection (2, 16). However, the survival rate of HCVpositive recipients appears to decrease gradually over the long term, especially beyond a decade following transplantation (13, 19). That the graft survival is lower in HCV-positive patients may seem logical, primarily because of the possibility of progression of liver disease and greater prevalence of diabetes and proteinuria (17). Eradication of HCV before renal transplantation is rational and treatment with interferon (IFN) should be considered in HCV-infected patients undergoing dialysis who are on the waiting list. Post-renal Editorial


This thesis analyses the matter of logistical circulation processes. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on control of material flowl, purchase, management and strocking, produkcion, manipulation and transportion units and trasnport. The practical part employs the above-mentioned processes in the compary called Kratzer s.r.o.


Our aim was to use a neural network model for classifying psychiatric mood disorders. In approaching this interdisciplinary task, the concern was not to build a more biologically plausible model, but to test the computational capabilities of an existent one. The multilayer perceptron was chosen as a model, trained and tested using both theoretical and real cases. The classification proved to be good, but we are aware of the fact that both training and testing should be performed in the future only on real data, as the way to get a true picture of the system's performance.


IT IS a great honor to be asked to present the first William E. Ladd Lecture before the American Academy of Pediatrics. This I appreciate and as this is the first lecture in my former Chief's honor, I shall devote my time more to Doctor Ladd and what he accomplished during his long and devoted service as Chief of the Surgical Service of the Boston Children's Hospital than to the presentation of anything new.
 In these days of great changes in the surgical field, it is very easy to overlook or even to forget the good things that were done in the past. I said "changes" rather than advances for some of the changes of today are not advances. It is easier to appreciate the extraordinary widening in the field of surgical endeavor that has been made possible by improvements in pre- and postoperative care, anesthesia, and the more effective means to combat infection than it is to remember what was done in a previous generation without such new and valuable aids.
 When I began my service at the Boston Children's Hospital in 1919, most of the deaths on the Surgical Service were caused by infection. Long surgical procedures involving an open thoracotomy were impossible. Prolonged operations on the gastrointestinal tract carried a heavy mortality largely because of our lack of knowledge of fluid balance. In those earlier days, an operation that exceeded an hour in length was considered to be entering a very dangerous phase.
 It is well, however, to review some of the types of cases done in those days and to keep in mind that the basic principles one had to follow at that time are still valid and that the good results of today are by no means entirely due to modern methods. Let me cite a few examples.