This paper presents a model of quality choice in the case of credence goods, i.e., when consumers cannot observe quality even after purchase. It shows that firms may voluntarily overcomply, i.e., produce high quality, even when doing so implies giving up short-run profits. This generalizes results on reputation effects derived in the IO literature for the case of experience goods. The crucial assumptions of the model are that there is a positive degree of monitoring of firms' claims and a positive probability that the firm is of an "honest type," i.e., always prefers to produce high quality. The result also helps explain why we see phenomena such as firms voluntarily overcomplying with environmental standards, food safety laws, etc. It is shown that overcompliance is more likely when consumers learn about all (positive and negative) monitoring results than when consumers only find out about firms that have been found cheating, as is often the case in practice. I further show that even firms that pretend to be producing high quality while really producing low quality may have an incentive to lobby for stricter monitoring. This helps explain, for example, why firms in Europe and the United States lobby for the implementation of voluntary environmental audits, third-party labeling agencies or other disclosure strategies.


In Biographia Literaria (1817) Coleridge described the 'sense of musical delight' and the 'power of producing it' as 'a gift of imagination', necessary to the poet. The correlation between poetry and music, essential to the formation of his poetics, he develops suggestively in the 'mingled measure' of 'Kubla Khan'. Paying close attention to the poem's intricate structure, this essay examines Coleridge's self-conscious construction in the poem of a complex patterning of aural connections and refrains. The exploration of rhyme's musical effect allows fresh insight into the poem, building upon previous interpretations to elucidate in particular the role of time, memory, and imagination in its realisation.


Lead is an industrially important heavy metal used in manufacturing paints, batteries, explosives, pottery and other important products of daily life. On the other hand, it is the most damaging element for aquatic fauna especially fish as it accumulates in the body of organism and have low rate of elimination. The present paper emphasizes on the histopathological effects of different sub-lethal doses of lead nitrate on the gills of a commonly consumed freshwater fish Rohu, Labeo rohita. After 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of exposure, gill tissues were dissected and routine histological processes were done. No changes were seen in the gills of the control fingerlings. The histopathological changes such as cellular hypertrophy, hyperplasia, vacuolation, epithelial lifting, shortening, curling and abnormal elongation of the secondary lamellae, fusion of adjacent lamellae, telangiectasis, blood congestion, interstitial edema, necrosis, lamellar aneurysm, architectural distortion and degeneration of gills were observed in the gills of the treated fingerlings. The extent of damage of gill tissue was proportionate with the increased dosage and duration of lead nitrate exposure.


Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are important sport fish that contribute to the economy and tourism in East Tennessee. Reliable aging techniques are needed to obtain accurate knowledge of their growth and productivity, which is necessary for making proper management decisions. Scales have historically been used for aging rainbow trout, but recent studies indicate that ages obtained from otoliths are more accurate. Preparing transverse otolith sections for aging is costly and time-consuming. Sagittal otolith sectioning is a more efficient alternative to transverse sectioning. Sagittal otolith sectioning has been examined for aging wild rainbow trout from the Southern Appalachians, but the need for better data on older fish (≥ age 5) exists. To address this need, two readers independently aged transverse and sagittal otolith sections from 682 wild rainbow trout from 10 East Tennessee streams. Aging accuracies for otoliths ground to the sagittal midplane were 99%, 84%, and 94%, respectively for ages 0-2, but declined from 85% to 20% for ages 3-6. Despite this decline, ages from sagittal otolith sections underestimated true fish ages (obtained from transverse otolith sections and previously validated with known-age fish) by only one year. Although ages obtained from otoliths ground to the sagittal midplane were less reliable than transverse-section ages for older fish in this study, they are still more reliable than scale ages.


The invention discloses an additive manufacturing formation cylinder lifting system. The system comprises a cantilever and a cantilever driving mechanism. The cantilever comprises an installing end installed on the cantilever driving mechanism, and a free end for fixing a base plate. The cantilever driving mechanism drives the cantilever to be fed up and down. The invention further discloses a formation cylinder comprising the lifting system and a dynamic sealing system. A longitudinal opening is formed in one side wall of a formation chamber, and the free end of the cantilever penetrates through the longitudinal opening to stretch into the formation chamber. The dynamic sealing system comprises a sealing fin and a transmission mechanism, one end of the sealing fin is fixed to the portion, outside the formation chamber, of the cantilever, the other end of the sealing fin stretches from the upper portion of the cantilever and is fixed to the transmission mechanism, and when the cantilever is fed up and down, the sealing fin is tightly attached to and covers the longitudinal opening part above the cantilever. According to the additive manufacturing equipment with the formation cylinder, the formation height can be greatly increased on the premise that the height is unchanged, and the sealing performance of the formation cylinder is good.


The suitability of medium ground resolution, high altitude satellite imagery as a data source for intercensal population estimates was evaluated. Four variables representing urban size and relative dominance were measured directly from unmagnified high-altitude, color-infrared transparencies for each of 18 urban test sites in the Puget Sound region. Linear relationships between each variable and the population of the test sites were established, the strongest association being between the logarithm of the area of the site (Y),r2=0.964. Use of all four independent variables in a multiple linear regression equation resulted in a slight increases in the r2 value, to 0.973. The high degree of association indicated that relatively low ground resolution images may be useful for certain intercensal estimating purposes. Further research is needed to define additional variables which may be useful for predictive purposes.


Climate change impacts may influence hydropower generation, especially with the intensification of extreme events and growing demand. In this study, we analyzed future hydroelectric generation using a set of scenarios considering both climate change and consumptive demands in the São Francisco River Basin. This project will increase consumptive demands for the coming decades. Five models from the recently released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and two scenarios, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, were considered to estimate climate change projections. The affluent natural flows, regulated flows, and the hydroelectric energy generated were estimated for four multi-purpose reservoirs considering all existing and new demands. The conjunction of scenarios indicated a possible significant reduction in water availability, increased consumptive demands, especially for irrigation, and reduced power generation. Only at the Sobradinho hydroelectric plant, the decrease ranged from −30% to −50% for the period 2021 to 2050 compared to the historical period (1901 to 2000). The results can provide insights into future energy generation and water resources management in the basin.


The breakdown of German psychiatry with the coming to power of the National Socialist regime in 1933 resulted in a revival after the war of bioethical issues, the immediate effect of which was the enactment of the Nuremberg Code. In many ways, this breakdown was the result of the historical evolution of psychomedical knowledge and the mass dissemination of reductionist discourses and ideas that created a breeding ground for tragedy. The cyclical discourse of psychic materialism, which has been repeated for centuries in the history of science in different formulations, can, if not properly interpreted, lead to far-reaching appropriations and risks, to which due attention must be paid. The latest manifestation of this issue, the view of mental life as basically cerebral, neurological, biochemical, and determinist, a view that has not been managed or presented adequately to the public, could become the basis for perverse new perspectives and applications in the current context of research and academic activity.


Stabilisation/Solidification of Contaminated Soil and Waste comprises 2 handbooks designed to provide students, practitioners, site owners, and regulators with authoritative guidance to the science underpinning this versatile remedial technology, and how it is applied in real-world situations.

Stabilisation/Solidification (S/S) uses readily available cementitious binders to turn contaminated soil and waste into a rock-like product that reduces the risk to public health and the environment. S/S has been employed at hundreds of sites in the USA, Canada, and Europe to improve the physical and/or chemical properties of contaminated soil and waste to enable development to take place or to safely manage a source of pollution.

Practice: describes how S/S is designed and implemented, including discussions on risk reduction, the development of performance specifications, available binders, treatability studies, in-situ and ex-situ equipment/operations, quality assurance, capping, site closure including long term monitoring strategies. The extensive appendices include a list of over 200 completed S/S remediations and over 40 case studies.


Received Signal Strength (RSS) based localization algorithms are sensitive to a set of non-cryptographic attacks. For example, the attacker can perform signal strength attacks by placing an absorbing or reflecting material around a wireless device to modify its RSS readings. In this work, we first formulate the all-around signal strength attacks, where similar attacks are launched towards all landmarks, and experimentally show the feasibility of launching such attacks. We then propose a general principle for designing RSS-based algorithms so that they are robust to all-around signal strength attacks. To evaluate our approach, we adapt two RSS-based localization algorithms according to our principle and experiment with real attack scenarios. All the experiments show that our design principle can be applied to achieve comparable performance with much better robustness.


Police are an organization that is different from the organization in general and has a goal to maintain security and order in society. This shows different organizational contexts and makes measuring OCB in these organizations different. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of organizational citizenship behavior in fulfilling the duties of the police organization to maintain security and public order. Descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach was used in this study. Literature review was conducted on articles, journals and books related to the research problem. The findings show that OCB is generally shown by the attitudes of employees who try to do more than their formal duties. Managers can then observe it from several OCB dimensions that employees may exhibit or use the same dimension to measure OCB in an employee. However, because police organizations are different from organizations in general, OCB in police organizations can be measured by four dimensions, namely organizational loyalty, service delivery, altruism, and compliance. The implication for police managers is that this can be used to develop OCB in the police force and used to assess the extent to which police officers apply OCB, including the use of discretion in providing justice in their daily duties.


3D Microwave tomography is an ill-posed and non linear inverse problem whose reconstruction performances may be impaired from the complexity of the scenario to be considered in the real world applications. The joint adoption of convenient regularization schemes and a suitable rewriting and linearization of the pertinent scattering model can allow to achieve satisfactory solutions in many cases of practical interest. In this communication, an innovative inversion approach which takes definite advantage from the joint use of the linearized Contrast Source — Extended Born model (CS-EB), and from a Markov Random Field (MRF) based regularization scheme is proposed.


We reported previously that KG‐1, a human acute leukemia cell line, has mutational loss of 8‐oxoguanine (8‐hydroxyguanine; oh8Gua) glycosylase 1 (OGG1) activity and undergoes apoptotic death after treatment with 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodeoxyguanosine, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine; oh8dG). In our present study, we further characterized the effects of oh8dG in KG‐1 cells and found that, in addition to apoptosis, oh8dG induced the arrest of KG‐1 at the G1 phase. Simultaneously, oh8dG‐treated KG‐1 showed an increase in the oh8Gua content of DNA, upregulation of p21 (an inhibitor of cdk), and Ras inactivation. Moreover, the upregulation of p21 was followed by the inactivations of cdk4 and cdk2, the hypophosphorylation of Rb, and a marked decline in the expression of c‐myc (a gene regulated by E2F that is a transcription factor whose activity is suppressed when it is bound to hypophosphorylated Rb). Ras inactivation was also followed by the inactivation of ERK kinase (MEK) and the inactivation of AP‐1, a downstream target of the Ras signaling pathway. The specific MEK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, also induced G1 arrest. These findings suggest that p21 upregulation and Ras inactivation contribute to G1 arrest. An increase of oh8Gua content in DNA does not seem to be a principal contributor to G1 arrest, however, because the kinetics of increases of oh8Gua content in DNA and of G1 cell number did not coincide. We report that oh8dG induces the arrest of KG‐1 growth at the G1 phase mainly by upregulating p21 and inactivating Ras. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This work applies multi-port reflectometry to a tunable sampled-line, demonstrating the ability to measure impedance when the parameters of the network are varied through varactor tuning. A theoretical model of the varactor-tuned sampled-line is presented and used to fit measured data in the plane of calibration constants used for impedance sensing. A 2-GHz demonstrator sampled-line is fabricated and characterized. Complex reflection coefficient measurements of the varying load are within 0.05 in magnitude and 5.7 degrees in phase over a 2.14:1 varactor tuning range.


This study aimed to determine the opinions of secondary school students regarding the use of technology in high school science education. It also aimed to reveal the effects of gender, school type, grade level, the institution of education and the subject related factors on students' opinions. The correlational survey model, a quantitative research method, was used as the method of the study. 199 secondary education students studying in different provinces of the Eastern Anatolia Region in the fall semester of 2020-2021 academic year have been chosen the sample group of the study. The "Student Opinion Scale for the Use of Technology in Physics Education", which was developed by Erdem and Uzal (2018) and suitable for all science subjects, was used in order to obtain the data of the study and the collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18 software. In the analysis process, descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the students expressed a positive opinion at a rate of 78% regarding the use of technology in science lessons. Moreover, it was found that gender, grade level, type of school, institution of education and the subject related factors had no impact on secondary school students' views on the use of technology in science education in high schools.


Cultured human fibroblasts (MRC‐5) have been previously demonstrated to express calreticulin, but not Ro autoantigen, on their surface after human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The present study addresses the question of whether other stimuli, alone or in combination with CMV, can induce the surface expression of Ro autoantigens on human fibroblasts. Using a fixed‐cell ELISA to detect autoantigen expression, a synergistic effect between ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CMV infection on the surface expression of 52‐kD/Ro antigen, but not 60‐kD/Ro or calreticulin, was observed. The enhanced expression of 52‐kD/Ro antigen was significant and specific, compared with untreated cells, cells infected with CMV alone or irradiated with UVB only, and cells subjected to other treatments, such as low pH. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed these findings and indicated that cells expressed 52‐kD/Ro protein on their surface at 24 h after a combined UVB and CMV treatment. These studies provide evidence that synergy between UVB irradiation and CMV infection may play a role in the induction of cell surface expression of the human autoantigen, 52‐kD/Ro.


Heart failure (HF) is one of the commonest complications of Diabetes Mellitus(DM) with the prevalence of DM reported at around 30% in many pivotal heartfailure studies. However the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute toHF development in diabetes are poorly understood. To investigate this we useda novel human relevant mouse model of DM (GENA348) in which there is apoint mutation in the glucokinase (Gck) gene, the glucose sensor whichregulates insulin secretion. A mutation in the same gene is known to underlieMaturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2 (MODY 2) in humans. The mutantmice developed significant hyperglycaemia with normal insulin levels due to thealtered glucose sensing. We examined the molecular mechanisms thatcontribute to the HF phenotype in DM.Mean random blood glucose was found to be increased in the GENA348 mutant(HO) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates (WT 6.9�0.3mmol/L vs HO20.6�0.8mmol/L, P<0.001). Serial echocardiography was performed, at 3, 6 and12 months. No significant changes in echocardiographic parameters wereobserved at 3 months, although by 6 months development of significant cardiachypertrophy in HO mice was observed characterised by a 20% increase in thediastolic posterior wall thickness (dPW). At 12 months of age left ventriculardilatation was also evident. Systolic function was preserved although significantdiastolic dysfunction was evident at 6 and 12 months. Histological stainingillustrated significant cellular hypertrophy with real time PCR data demonstratinga relative 150% increase in the hypertrophic marker BNP. Hypertrophicpathways were examined through western blot analysis revealing an agedependent increase in Akt phosphorylation (6 months-140%, 12 months-460%).Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and expression oftheir receptors RAGE were also elevated. In vitro cellular experiments alsorevealed AGEs directly activate Akt through phosphorylation and increaselevels of the receptor RAGE. AGE induced phosphorylation of Akt is inhibited inthe presence of wortmannin, suggesting a PI3K dependent signallingmechanism. Wortmannin blocked the development of cardiac hypertrophy inthe diabetic mice.In conclusion we demonstrate that the human relevant GENA348 mouse modelof diabetes develops a progressive cardiac phenotype including cardiachypertrophy, LV dilatation and diastolic dysfunction similar to the clinicalmanifestations of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We propose a novel RAGE/PI3K/Aktpathway that for the first time provides insight into the molecular mechanismsthat underlie the development of HF. Moreover, we show raised glucose aloneis able to cause cardiotoxicity independently of insulin.


The vectoring nozzle control system has a complex structure, with many excitation sources and strong fault correlation. To improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, this paper presents an approach combining multi-source information fusion and Bayesian network to detect and identify the fault of vectoring nozzle control system. The multi-source diagnosis framework is established to fuse the characteristic information collected by different sensors of system. Based on the collected data, a multi-fault Bayesian network is constructed to fuse the time-frequency feature evidence body. In addition, a Bayesian classifier is designed to identify the fault type according to the maximum posterior probability criterion. Finally, a case study is designed to verify the method proposed in this paper, and the results show that the proposed method can detect the fault accurately, with an accuracy of not less than 90%. The diagnostic results are more reliable and have low uncertainty, which illustrates the validity of the proposed method and shows a broad practical application value in other comparable control systems.


46 Background: The delivery of systemic cancer therapy has expanded from primarily intravenous (IV) treatment, delivered in cancer centres, to include significant use of take-home cancer therapies (THCT) (e.g., oral medications). An industry pipeline survey suggests half of new cancer drugs are expect to be THCT. While IV treatments administered in hospitals are publicly funded for Ontario residents, public funding of THCT is dependent on age, socioeconomic status, and other factors. The delivery of these therapies may also take place outside the cancer centre. While the lack of universal funding is cited as a significant barrier to access, the growing use of THCT has introduced other system delivery questions. Cancer Care Ontario recently hosted a "Think Tank" to inform public policy recommendations for system change to enhance the delivery of THCT in the province.

METHODS
The day was highly interactive with health professionals and patient participants, and was structured around a case study of a patient receiving both IV and THCT. Approaches taken with THCT in other Canadian provinces were examined. Participants used a multi-dimensional framework (safety and quality; reimbursement and distribution; data and information) to develop recommendations across pre-defined "checkpoints" in the patient's treatment journey. Pre-assigned groupings of participants with common professional/patient backgrounds developed recommendations that were subsequently prioritized by reassigned multidisciplinary groups.

RESULTS
Over 80 stakeholders developed and prioritized more than 180 recommendations. Major themes included education, technology levers, and drug access model reform. This advice will inform system planning and next steps in defining opportunities for system change. The majority of participants (84%) felt the event broadened their understanding of THCT delivery issues.

CONCLUSIONS
The strategic design of the "Think Tank" facilitated the development of robust recommendations for improving the delivery and reimbursement of THCT. These recommendations, along with the lessons learned from other provinces, will provide the foundation for potential policy and system changes to enhance the quality of THCT delivery in Ontario.


Intercultural communication may be defined as the ability, possibly more acquired than innate, to engage in successful communicative interactions with people representing different languages, cultures, social morals and norms of behavior. It implies not only mastery and judicious of language use in itself but also skillful application of suitable social conventions with cultural sensitivity, political correctness as well as attention to needs and wishes of a given group or a particular individual. Language teaching and learning have entered a phase which takes a more constructivist view of learning emphasizing personal learning and discovery on the part of the learner, with more task-based, collaborative activity between learners, and a more facilitating role for the teacher. Communication skills are central to the activity of today's business professional.


Abstract The task of translating normative water laws and principles into an objective and operational framework for equitable apportionment of water is indeed challenging. In this study, a multi‐criterion based cooperative approach is used, which seeks to address the notion of 'fairness' through proportional entitlements. The paper presents an application of this approach in order to derive a 'fair allocation' of water for three competing co‐basin states of the Cauvery River Basin (Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) in South Peninsular India.


Abstract Advanced heart failure (AHF) is the stage of heart failure (HF) refractory to maximal medical treatment, cardiac devices (CRT - cardiac resynchronization, ICD - implantable defibrillator) and surgical treatment. AHF has become of interest through the experience and favorable results of treatment by mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and cardiac transplant (CT). The article reviews the criteria for defining the AHF (2018 ESC statement), natural history and prognosis outside the advanced treatment forms. Evaluation of risk and prognostic factors is required before the decision of advanced therapy: clinical factors (HF severity and reduction of cardiorespiratory functional capacity), RV function, biological markers and elements of organ dysfunction, as well as reduction of tolerance to conventional medication. Finally, the principles of treatment and the results of mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplant are presented.


The CERT Tribal Internship Program is part of the education and training opportunities provided by CERT to accelerate the development of American Indian technical professionals available to serve Tribes and expand the pool of these professionals. Tribes are severely impacted by the inadequate number of Indian professionals available to serve and facilitate Tribal participation and support of the energy future of Tribes,and subsequently the energy future of the nation. By providing interns with hands-on work experience in their field of study two goals are accomplished: (1) the intern is provided opportunities for professional enhancement; and (2) The pool of Indian professionals available to meet the needs of Tribal government and Tribal communities in general is increased. As of January 17, 2003, Lance M Wyatt successfully completed his internship with the Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice on the Task Force that specifically focuses their work on Tribal nations. While working as an intern with the National Transportation Program, Albuquerque operations, Jacqueline Agnew received an offer to work for the Alaska Native Health Board in Anchorage, Alaska. This was an opportunity that Ms. Agnew did not feel she could afford to forego and she left her internship position in February 2003.more » At present, CERT is in the process of finding another qualified individual to replace the internship position vacated by Ms. Agnew. Mr. Wyatt's and Ms. Agnew's final comments are given.« less


........................................................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 Arboviruses, definition, classification and importance. ................................................................................... 2 Arboviruses ecological cycles ............................................................................................................................. 4 Medically important arboviruses families ......................................................................................................... 6 Bunyaviridae ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Flaviviridae .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Togaviridae .................................................................................................................................................. 12 Alphaviruses: morphology, and replication cycle ............................................................................................ 15 SFV ................................................................................................................................................................... 20 SFV as a model and a tool ........................................................................................................................... 21 Arthropod vectors ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Ae. albopictus: classification, geographical distribution, life cycle and disease transmission ......................... 22 Interactions between aedine mosquitoes ....................................................................................................... 25 Mosquito life cycle ........................................................................................................................................... 26 Virus infection and dissemination in mosquitoes ............................................................................................ 27 Mosquito cell lines ........................................................................................................................................... 28 Innate immunity in mammals ........................................................................................................................ 30 Innate immunity in arthropods/insects ......................................................................................................... 31 The Toll cascade ............................................................................................................................................... 31 The Imd cascade .............................................................................................................................................. 32 The JAK/STAT pathway .................................................................................................................................... 34 RNAi ................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Arbovirus counteraction of immune pathways ............................................................................................... 38 Apoptosis in mosquito cells ............................................................................................................................. 39 Limitations in mosquito research and future perspectives ............................................................................. 41


Undoped, Cr doped and Mg, Cr codoped LiNbO3 crystals were grown by conventional Czochralski technique. Comparative study was carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. Infrared optical absorption for OH– ion has been used to study the effect of dopants on the crystals. The peak position of OH– shift to 3535 cm‐1 for Mg, Cr codoped crystals compared to 3484 cm‐1 for undoped and Cr doped crystals. Prominent absorption bands are found in the visible region centered at 480 nm (20833 cm‐1) and 653 nm (15313 cm‐1) in Cr doped crystals. Whereas in Mg, Cr codoped crystals these broad absorption bands are red shifted to 517 nm (19342 cm‐1) and 678 nm (14749 cm‐1). UV cutoff in Cr doped crystals shift towards higher wavelength compared to undoped LiNbO3 crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Performance of CdSe solar cell along with ZnS as an n-type buffer layer was numerically analysed by using AMPS 1D simulator. In the proposed cell, variation of layer thickness, doping concentration and temperature of the CdSe absorber layer were studied. The best cell performance was found for ITO/ZnS/CdSe structure where p-type CdSe was used as an absorber layer. The structure ITO/ZnS/CdSe gives the high efficiency of 17.35% at only 1.2 μm layer thickness of absorber layer material. The other cell performance parameters are Jsc=13.82 mA/cm2, Voc = 1.38V and FF =0.908. The power conversion efficiency is 22.49% with 10 μm thickness of absorber layer. The proposed cell is designed 1.2 μm thickness of absorber layer to preserve the materials used for generation of solar energy.


The effects of hexamatazidine (HMZ)on action potentials and slow response action potentials in guinea-pig papillary muscles were investigated using microelectrode technique. HMZ shorted action potentials duration at 30%, 50%, 90% and 100% repolarization (APD_(30), APD_(50), APD_(90), APD_(100))and prolonged the effective refractory period (ERP)relatively, so ERP/APD value rised. HMZ decreased the APA, V_(max) shorted APD in slow response action potentials of guinea pig papillary muscles depolarized by high concentration potassium. In barium-induced ventricular autorhythmicity, HMZ suppressed the maximal diastolic potnetial (MDP), APA and reduced the rate of spontaneous rhythm. The results indicate that HMZ may unspecifically inhibit the current of calcium.


A project management system is a means of project planning, organizing, and managing its different required aspects. Many researchers have used many techniques for automating the project management system by providing features such as real-time tracking, scheduling, and task management. Task management is the prime features of the project management system which includes on-time completion, report generation, work distribution and which forms the basis of successful project management. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of all such web-based project management system and proposes a system based on the findings.


A counter-flow diffusion flame formed of a fuel consisting of methane and nitrogen, and a oxidizer of air heated to 500 ℃ was applied to clarify the influence on the extinction limit when fine powder of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was added to the fuel. The flame stretch rate at the time of extinguishing flame was measured as function of the powder size and the weight concentration of powder in the fuel. The sizes of PMMA powder used are 15 µm, 30 µm and 50 µm. The weight concentration of PMMA powder in the fuel was changed to 20%, 25% and 30%. The flame stretch rate at the extinction limit for the methane fuel and air was increased with the increase of the air temperature. When the PMMA powder were mixed in the fuel, the flame stretch rate at the extinction limit increased with the larger fuel size, because the larger powders had slip to gas and did not trace on the gas flow. Therefore, the powder stayed longer in the flame. The flame stretch rate at the extinction limit was decreased with the increase of the weight concentration of the PMMA powder, because the combustion of powder needed longer time to that of gas.


We have analyzed different approaches to calibrating 4-segment Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors from the perspective of an end-user. A modification is introduced to Wyble and Rosen's 1,2 model that improves its prediction of tristimulus values (XYZ) as a function of input RGB. Tests also show that Tamura, Tsumura, and Miyake's Masking model, which was originally introduced to compensate for channel interaction in LCD monitors, performs as well as the improved Wyble-Rosen model in the forward direction (RGB to XYZ). For predicting RGB values given XYZ input data (backward direction); however, we find that the Masking model is more accurate. All the models considered in this paper involve only basic look-up tables and matrix multiplication and as a result are computationally efficient.


OBJECTIVE: To measure cognitive change using a brief measure over a period of 9 years and to adjust for attrition in the sample.


An attempt has been made to quantitatively investigate the effect of microstructural changes on gasification reactivity of coal chars. Pocahontas No. 3, Illinois No. 6, and Beulah-Zap coal char samples were gasified in 1% O2 at 500 °C or 600 °C up to 90% (daf) conversion, and their structure were observed under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). A quantitative structural analysis was done based on HRTEM images to obtain structural parameters such as number of stacks, layer size diameter, and their distributions using an image analysis algorithm. Effect of mineral matter on structural changes was also studied by carrying out gasification experiments with demineralized chars. The gasification reactivity of these chars was correlated with the structural parameters.


Non-local higher-energy auxiliary states have been successfully used to entangle pairs of qubits in different quantum computing systems. Typically a longer-span non-local state or sequential application of few-qubit entangling gates are needed to produce a non-trivial multiqubit gate. In many cases a single non-local state that span over the entire system is difficult to use due to spectral crowding or impossible to have. At the same time, many multiqubit systems can naturally develop a network of multiple non-local higher-energy states that span over few qubits each. We show that continuous time quantum walks can be used to address this problem by involving multiple such states to perform local and entangling operations concurrently on many qubits. This introduces an alternative approach to multiqubit gate compression based on available physical resources. We formulate general requirements for such walks and discuss configurations of non-local auxiliary states that can emerge in quantum computing architectures based on self-assembled quantum dots, defects in diamond, and superconducting qubits, as examples. Specifically, we discuss a scalable multiqubit quantum register constructed as a single chain with nearest-neighbor interactions. We illustrate how quantum walks can be configured to perform single-, two- and three-qubit gates, including Hadamard, Control-NOT, and Toffoli gates. Continuous time quantum walks on graphs involved in these gates are investigated.


Commercially developed 20% cold-worked P,Ti-modified 316 stainless steel claddings were irradiated as fuel pins in C-type irradiation rigs of JOYO under typical fast reactor conditions. The microstructural changes of irradiated claddings at temperatures around 500 C were extensively analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Void formation is closely related with M{sub 6}C and G-phase precipitates and concomitant phosphide dissolution beyond the fast neutron fluence of 15 {times} 10{sup 26} n/m{sup 2}. Such phase instability in the fuel pin cladding during the fast reactor operation is caused by the radiation induced solute segregation, and it mainly interpreted in terms of varying system sink strength due to dislocation and precipitate changes.


Based on the brief introduction of GSM cellular network and its location technology,the location functional requirements and the scheme are proposed.The hardware and software design are also presented in this paper.The developed device has the capability of wireless locating by sending cellphone message without changing any part of the wireless network,which has been put into use to meet the targets of mobile positioning needs of the region.


ABSTRACT Wool cuticles have a complex hierarchical structure and inherent resistance to general chemicals and enzymes. However, data on the structure and properties of the cuticle, which informs its processing and utilization remains scant. In this paper, we successfully isolated flaky cuticles using the ultrasonic technique from wool residues after keratin extraction with combined L-cysteine and urea (Cuticle-L + U). We then characterized and analyzed the chemical structure and thermal stability of the cuticle-L + U and compared it with the raw wool and wool cuticle isolated with the formic acid method (cuticle-FA). Our data show that the cuticle-L + U has a lower disulfide bond content compared to either raw wool or cuticle-FA. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra demonstrated that the raw wool had a higher content of α-helix structures (61.57%), while cuticle-FA (80.08%) and cuticle-L + U (52.32%) had more β-sheet or disorder structures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that both the cuticle-L + U and cuticle-FA have lower α-helical crystallinity compared to the raw wool, which further proved that the cuticle mainly consists of β-sheet and random coil structure. In addition, TG analysis and SDS-PAGE showed higher thermal stability and insolubility with the cuticle-L + U compared with cuticle-FA.


FIELD: heating. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for gas treatment, in particular to a structure of separation devices. The fractionating refrigerator-capacitor consists of a reflux column and a separation section adjacent to it from below. The reflux column and the separation section enclose a feeding zone between them, equipped with a line of feed gas input. Between the feeding zone and the reflux column the gas distribution device is located. The reflux column is equipped with a line of input of cooled commercial gas and lines of output of separation gas and commercial gas. The reflux column is equipped with unit of heat and mass exchange elements. The line of input of cooled commercial gas is located in the upper part, and the line of output of commercial gas is located in the lower part of the unit of heat and mass exchange elements. The separation section is equipped with output lines of unstable condensate and aqueous solution of hydrate generating inhibitor. EFFECT: reduction of losses of heavy components and reduction of metal consumption is ensured. 2 cl, 1 dwg


To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association: In commencing the instruction in Latin of the students of the Woman's Medical College of this city, I gave the following reasons why as medical students they should acquire a knowledge of that language. I am glad to say that all the students of the college except three or four, and they having previously studied it elsewhere, have joined the class. Because though called a "dead" language, and although not now spoken by any nation, it is not really dead, but flourishes with a perennial and ever increasing vigor. Because of its wide and far-reaching influence on the structure and development of the languages of all civilized nations, especially those of Southern Europe. Because the resources of our language do not suffice for the constantly needed new supply of words, for which we are compelled to resort to the


DeepEncyclolink is a web-based system for linking pairs of corresponding articles from different encyclopedias in different languages. The core technology of DeepEncyclolink is based on paragraph embeddings calculated by a long-short-term-memory network with attention. Compared to our previous feature-based machine learning model, DeepEncyclolink has made great strides in coverage and accuracy. DeepEncyclolink offers an easy-to-use user interface and is supported by a powerful service backend for retrieving and selecting equivalent articles between English Wikipedia and Chinese Baidu Encyclopedia. DeepEncyclolink breaks the barriers of different encyclopedias and different languages, making it easy for users to access knowledge written in various languages.


The perimenopausal years, when women transition from regular cycling to termination of ovulation and menstruation, have long been recognized as a time


Using qualitative data (classroom observationsfollow-up interviewsand letters addressed to the teacher and follow-up interviews about themthe present study reports on one ESL (English as a second language teachers beliefs about classroom interaction. The teacher believed in learner autonomy and learner-center‑ ed classroom interactiona belief succinctly summarized by a guiding principle she often referred to:respect for learners. This guiding principle was useful as a touchstone in her efforts to stimulate highly charged meaningful communication among the learners. This way of thinking about how to induce classroom interaction yields insight considerably different from the knowledge based on empirical classroom interaction research. The study suggests that teachersexperiential way of knowing should be examined in order to expand classroom interaction research.


The paper casts light on women's subjugation in feudalistic society. It shows that society has weaved certain institutions like patriarchy, feudalism, tribalism, religion, politics, traditions, etc., which make males much more privileged, and authoritative, and give them a notion to consider themselves distinctive from females in every aspect of life. The study focusing on "My Feudal Lord" by Tehmina Durrani shows that women are used as tools; they are left in the destruction by the time when they are of no sexual satisfaction anymore to the lustful feudalists. The research article highlights that on the one hand, males have become stubborn to torture women. On the other hand, society has turned its face on them and totally sides with the oppressors. Each and every institution has freed males to do whatever is possible to quench their lust, but females are bounded to certain codes and rituals that do not let them even speak or think freely. Females lack very basic rights like motherhood, property owning, decision making, and worst of all having no decisive or thinking right. The research has been conducted under the framework of "Sexual Politics" by Kate Millet. The qualitative paradigm has been adapted under the method of "Texual Analysis" by Catherine Belsey to analyse the text.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Women’s exploitation in the feudal society_a case study of My Feudal Lord.pdf


An unusual electron-photon shower produced by an electron of > 10/sup 11/ ev initial energy has been detected in a stack of emulsion layers without backing, exposed in the stratosphere. Experimental data obtained on the basis of a study of this shower are presented which indicate the occurrence of three cases of simultaneous formation of four electrons (two electron-positron pairs). (auth)


Prolonged (weeks) UV-Vis irradiation under Ar of UiO66(Zr) shows, in contrast to the general assumption of photostability, this MOF undergoes BDC decarboxylation in a significant percentage. Similarly, MIL-101(Cr) and Pt/MIL-101(Cr) also evolve CO2 upon irradiation, although in lesser extent. XRD fails to detect any change in the material, although porosity and surface area, as well as photoluminescence properties, change upon irradiation of powders. Although a zeolitic imidazolate MOF, ZIF-8 does not evolve detectable amounts of CO2 or other gases upon irradiation, it undergoes changes in surface area, porosity and emission indicating that the organic linker also undergoes some phototransformation. Due to a combination of positive features including flexibility in the design, wide selection of metals and organic linkers, possibility to incorporate co-catalyst and large surface area, among others, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have become one of the most studied photocatalysts to perform degradation of organic pollutants and for production of solar fuels.[1] In one possible general photochemical pathway, light absorption by the organic linker generates an excited state that decays transferring one electron to the metal node.[1c] The possible favorable orbital overlap of organic linkers and metal nodes due to the spatial arrangement of the crystal lattice and the strong Coulombic and coordinative bonds can result upon photoexcitation in a fast and efficient generation of a charge separated state able to promote reductions and oxidation reactions.[2] Particularly, in the context of solar fuel production, the combination of suitable amino substituted organic linkers and mixed metal nodes has resulted in photocatalysts with notable activities for solar fuels production that could improve the photocatalytic activity of the current state-of-art photocatalysts in the coming years,[1c, 3] although much effort is still needed to achieve high conversions. One particular case where MOFs have shown promising photocatalytic activity is for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction upon solar light irradiation.[4] This process could be one of the possible key reactions to implement a circular CO2 economy, leading to a decrease of atmospheric CO2 emissions.[1c, 5] Regarding this reaction, one important issue is to show that the photoproducts do not originate from the organic components of the MOF. One of the prerequisites for an efficient photocatalyst is stability under irradiation conditions, since otherwise its activity would decrease over the time due to decomposition of the photocatalytic sites. There is a vast number of reports stating that the MOFs used as photocatalysts are stable under irradiation conditions.[4a, 6] However, this conclusion is frequently based on relatively short time experiments, typically of only a few hours and characterization of the used material by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD can, however, lead to misleading conclusions since crystallinity of the residual material may not report on partial ligand decomposition or even a partial damage of the crystal with formation of amorphous domains. The assumption of photochemical stability implied in the use of MOFs as photocatalysts contrasts with the lack of photochemical stability of some organic compounds and functional groups, especially under UV radiation,[7] particularly with earlier reports on photodecarboxylation of organic carboxylates, including aromatic ones.[8] Since the most efficient MOFs in photocatalysis, such as UiO-66, MIL-101 and MIL-125, contain aromatic carboxylates as linkers and some compounds of this class have been reported to be photolabile,[9] it is worth to address specifically the claim of photostability, at least for MOFs containing these ligands. Therefore, it is important to determine photostability of MOFs also for longer irradiation periods and by complementing the information of different characterization techniques. The present study reports long term (weeks) continuous irradiation of some of the MOFs most often used as photocatalysts, observing CO2 evolution from MOFs containing carboxylic groups in their organic ligands upon UV-Vis irradiation. The evolution of CO2 was detected in all MOFs containing carboxylic acids in their linkers, independently of the presence of other functional groups in these ligands (such as NO2 or NH2) or the presence of metal nanoparticles (Pt). It will be shown that, while no changes can be detected by XRD of MOF materials irradiated for weeks and surface area measurements may show only minor differences, analysis of the gas phase clearly shows in some cases gas evolution in an extent that clearly depends on the nature of the MOF. It has been observed that the same linker can exhibit distinctive stability depending on the composition and structure of the MOF. These results have been rationalized based on homogeneous phase photodecomposition of terephthalate and clearly demonstrates the long-term (days/weeks) photostability of MOF photocatalysts depends on their structure and cannot be determined from irradiation experiments lasting only a few hours. Zirconium(IV)-carboxylate based MOFs, exhibiting different topologies, pore size and containing different functional groups, have been widely described as photocatalysts for different photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen generation on Ptcontaining samples[10] and the photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue on Ti-exchanged sample,[11] to name a few. The strong coordination bonds between the Zr(IV) atoms and carboxylate oxygens in closed packed structure confer to UiO66 Zr (UiO: University of Oslo) an improved chemical, mechanical and thermal stability compared to other MOFs containing metal ions with lesser electrostatic charge, such as MOF-5 (Zn2+), HKUST-1 (Cu2+) or even MIL-88 (Cr3+).[12] The structure of UiO66 Zr with empirical formula Zr6O4(OH)4(BDC)6 (BDC = 1,4benzenedicarboxylate), comprises Zr6O4(OH)4 octahedra that are 12-fold connected to adjacent octahedral through a BCD linker, resulting in a highly packed fcc structure. The strong Zr-O bonds formed between the cluster and carboxylate ligands and the ability of the inner Zr6-cluster to rearrange reversibly upon removal or addition of μ3-OH groups without changes are [a] Mr. D. Mateo, Dr. J. Albero and Prof. H. García Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV Universitat Politècnica de València Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain. E-mail: email@example.com [b] Ms. A. Santiago-Portillo, Dr. S. Navalón and Prof. M. Alvaro Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain. Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of


This paper introduces the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to structural glass engineering and glass industry audience. The first part of the paper is concerned with lying nomenclature and theory foundation of AI and its subclasses of Machine and Deep Learning (ML/DL), elaborating the specific needs and requirements for the application in a structural glass context. A subsequent section explores applications of AI for different subjects within the production and quality assessment of glass products as well as the design, verification and monitoring of facades and glass structures. This paper presents successfully conducted industry projects by the authors, which are: supervised ML for material parameter identification of polymeric interlayers used in laminated glass, the prediction of sound insulation properties of insulation glass units and glass laminates and the application of computer vision DL methods to image classification of the Pummel test. A visionary outlook highlights how to use AI for future generative design and verification of glass structures for rapid collaborative prototyping. The summary and conclusion section wraps up the main findings for the applicability and impact of AI for the presented structural glass research and industry problems. This paper shows, that already by today in many cases AI, data, software and computing resources are already in place to successfully implement and conduct AI projects in the glass industry and structural glass engineering practice.


Digital factories represent an abstraction of real factories, which is useful to manage at a high level the processes as well as the interactions inside the factories but also the interactions between factories. This abstraction can automatize several processes and can enable to dynamically adapt the factory production to unexpected situations. Software agents can meet the requirements of digital factories by means of their features of autonomy, reactivity, proactivity and sociality. In this paper, we survey the use of software agents in the context of digital factories, showing how they can be exploited. A discussion about the advantages brought by software agents and the limitation of agent-based approaches completes the paper.


Sport fi nancing is of great national importance, having in mind that it's recognized as an activity of public interest by the Law. Since most of sport organizations in Montenegro are publicly owned, they are dependent on public fi nancing, which are often scarce and insuffi cient for fulfi lling sport's function in society. Therefore, new sources of fi nancing must be introduced. One of the most common funding systems in Europe includes resources redirected from gambling industry profi ts – taxed by the government. Even though the idea isn't exactly new, it's implemented diff erently in various countries. This paper analyzes current Montenegrin system of sport fi nancing from this source, compares it to other European countries and provides recommendations for its' improvement. Taking into account that most gambling revenues come from sport betting, it would be benefi cial for the society that most of these incomes fi nd their way back to sport. The research results for Montenegro show considerable lagging behind other European countries in terms of sport funding from taxed gambling profi ts. With the share of only 14% of funds allocated to sport from this source there is a plenty of room for Montenegro to improve its sport fi nancing system, which would lead to faster sport development. This share is considerably low, compared to neighboring EU countries such as Croatia's 35% and Slovenia's 80%. With certain improvements and taking into account other countries good practice examples, Montenegrin sport fi nancing system can be considerably improved.


Role playing exercises are one of many teaching techniques commonly employed to drive home lessons about computer science. Most of the specific role playing described in the literature, however, relates to algorithm or hardware design. More recently, the Pedagogical Patterns Project has published patterns involving role playing in a general sense. In this paper, we draw on three separate role playing exercises that we have developed to show that scripted role playing is a natural and effective way to introduce concepts of object-oriented design.


The Rh and Rh–Sn supported catalyst on -Al2O3 and -Al2O3–CeO2 (loading 1, 5 and 20 Ce wt%) were characterized by means of electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Fourier transformed infrared of CO adsorption (FTIR-CO) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalysts were tested in the catalytic wet air oxidation of an aqueous solution of 227 ppm of TAME and 1 g/L ◦ ert-amyl-methyl ether (TAME) h/alumina-ceria h–Sn/alumina-ceria PS TIR-CO PR-H2 of catalyst (120 C and 10 bar of oxygen partial pressure). The rhodium monometallic catalysts showed an increase in the activity with the load of cerium oxide in the catalyst. The coexistence of Rh◦/Rh + and Ce4+/Ce3+ redox couples facilitates the activation of TAME and hence the catalytic activity and selectivity to mineralization. The addition of Sn + enhances the activity and selectivity; this is explained by assuming that Sn + acts as Lewis acid sites trapping the TAME molecules for further oxidation on rhodium metal particles. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


A key issue raised by previous researchers is the extent to which learning versus market structure is responsible for the high efficiency regularly observed for the double auction in human-subject experiments. In this study, a computational discrete double auction with discriminatory pricing is tested regarding the importance of learning agents for ensuring market efficiency. Agents use a Roth-Erev reinforcement learning algorithm to determine their bid and ask prices. The experimental design focuses on two treatment factors: market capacity; and a key Roth?Erev learning parameter that controls that degree of agent experimentation. For each capacity setting, it is shown that changes in the learning parameter have a substantial systematic effect on market efficiency.


We report on a novel photocurrent-assisted wavelength converter using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator which also provides electrical monitoring and regeneration capabilities. The proposed concept is demonstrated with 2.5-Gb/s NRZ and 10-Gb/s RZ data formats.


The subject of this paper is the modelling of fluid flow and heat transfer in channels of plate heat exchangers for DHW heating in heating substations in Belgrade. CFD model introduced real tools for modelling heat transfer and fluid flow through the channels of the plate heat exchanger.
It is particularly important that in this paper the modelling of hydraulic parameters of fluid flow and heat transfer parameters was performed in the assembly (collector channels) and individual channels of plate heat exchangers. The modelling of these parameters in the collector channels was based on a geometric model of the collector channel that was created by merging the geometric model of the individual channels of the exchanger. The modelling of these parameters in the individual channels of exchanger was performed on the assumption that the fluid flow was evenly distributed across all individual channels. The fluid flow modelling can indicate the distribution of shear stresses that are important for predicting the plate contamination of the plate heat exchangers.The advantage of this method is in a critical comparison of numerical results obtained by CFD modelling with experimental results of industrial plate heat exchangers.


The expression on the human face is a means of non-verbal communication. In the talent search event, the facial expressions shown by the judges when watching the participants' performances became one of the components to see whether the contestant who was performing could qualify for the next round or he would fail. Haar cascade is used to provide the location of the face in the frame and to classify the expressions on the face, a CNN model with modified AlexNet architecture is used which increases the accuracy by 5% from the original alexnet. A fuzzy Algorithm is used to predict the judge's decision based on how many facial expressions appear during the participant's appearance. The decision prediction system for talent search judges based on facial expressions using fuzzy is considered effective in predicting decisions, after being tested the system can predict decisions with an accuracy rate of 83%.


Background Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a rare but potentially fatal disease. It can rapidly progress within minutes to hours and carries a significant burden of disease worldwide. The role of emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians in providing early care for the patient with IMD is important, but the literature regarding the pre-hospital phase of care is sparse. Aim The aim of this scoping review is to systematically map the literature to identify the scope, depth and key concepts in the evidence, and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the care of the patient with IMD by EMS clinicians. Methods A comprehensive electronic search strategy will be used to locate sources of evidence that fit the inclusion criteria of the study. Data will be extracted, charted and reported in accordance with current best practice for scoping reviews. Discussion This protocol provides the framework for the first scoping review to identify the scope, depth and key concepts in the evidence, and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the care of the patient with IMD by EMS clinicians. The review report will present the current state of knowledge, inform clinical practice guideline development and identify gaps in the evidence requiring further research.


If the electronic bandwidth is small compared to intrasite vibrational frequencies, an electron stays at a site over several vibrational periods and has a chance to modulate the frequency. The effects of the resulting electron-vibration coupling on the properties of a narrow half-filled Hubbard band of electrons are studied. At low temperatures, the principal effect is the alteration of the Mott-Hubbard gap. The high-temperature conductivity falls of as $\frac{1}{{T}^{2}}$. The coupling breaks the particle-hole symmetry of the half-filled band and gives rise to a nonzero thermopower. If additional electrons on a site cause vibrational softening, the thermpower increases from zero with increasing temperature, reaches a maximum, decreases, changes sign and saturates. The relevance of these results to the tetracyanoquinodimethane salts is discussed.


We give a probabilistic interpretation of the Monte Carlo scheme proposed by Fahim, Touzi and Warin [Ann. Appl. Probab. 21 (2011) 1322-1364] for fully nonlinear parabolic PDEs, and hence generalize it to the path-dependent (or non-Markovian) case for a general stochastic control problem. A general convergence result is obtained by a weak convergence method in the spirit of Kushner and Dupuis [Numerical Methods for Stochastic Control Problems in Continuous Time (1992) Springer]. We also get a rate of convergence using the invariance principle technique as in Dolinsky [Electron. J. Probab. 17 (2012) 1-5], which is better than that obtained by viscosity solution method. Finally, by approximating the conditional expectations arising in the numerical scheme with simulation-regression method, we obtain an implementable scheme.


Automating cloth folding is a challenging task with practical implications in various domains. Existing methods often struggle with unaligned configurations, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios. In this research, we present FabricFlowAlignNet (FFAN), a novel approach that learns flowbased correspondences on point clouds between the current observed and goal cloth configurations. We use these learned 3D correspondences for both cloth alignment and manipulation: correspondences are used to align the observed cloth with the goal, and the flow-based correspondences are re-used as action proposals. Our experiments demonstrate that FFAN demonstrates superior performance compared to a state-of-theart folding approach, particularly in scenarios where observed cloth is rotated or otherwise unaligned with the goal. This research highlights the multi-faceted effectiveness of learning 3D correspondences for deformable object manipulation.


A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature and moisture-content profiles of a tumble dryer during infrared drying. The model is based on the movements of liquid water and moisture in the object and on the fluid and heat transfer in the drying air. The model was solved by the finite volume analysis for the fluid, temperature, and radiation intensity fields. After deriving the governing equations and developing the two- dimensional tumble dryer models, numerical investigations were carried out to examine the effects of various parameters such as the heater temperature and the heating patterns on the drying mechanism of the tumble dryer. All the results show that the drying time can be reduced by using the IR heater.


This article, starting from the analysis of the dangers and causes of deflation, has put forward some measures to prevent and resolve risks brought forward by deflation.


Comparative cytotoxic activities of petroleum ether soluble fraction from various ginsengs of Panax species were evaluated using A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, American ginseng and Canadian ginseng were found to show more potent cytotoxicitles on A549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines than Chinese red ginseng, Japanese red ginseng and Sanchi ginseng. It is noteworthy that especially, red ginseng prepared from the root of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea shows relatively stronger cytotoxic activities than those cultivated in China and Japan.


One of the global challenges of 2020 was the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which turned out to be the most severe stressful factor for all spheres of public relations. The pandemic contributed to an increase in the number of risks, some of which caused evident harm to many social institutions and systems, and some risks were an incentive for their forced rapid development. The paper studies the risks in the field of criminal justice to recognize typical legal risks and identify new ones caused by the pandemic period. The study identified the existing legal risks in the sphere of criminal proceedings, found out the factors causing additional legal risks during a pandemic, and the legal consequences of such risks. In the study, the authors adhere to the general theoretical concept of risk as a legal phenomenon capable of generating favorable and unfavorable legal consequences. The authors agree with the recognition of the risky nature of the criminal procedure and the right to risk as a resource necessary for the implementation of criminal procedural functions. In the aggregate, it is possible to refer risks in criminal procedure to the procedural risks and to distinguish typical ones among them: the risk of making procedural decisions, risk of performing the defender's function, professional risk in the investigator's activity, and the corruption risk. The authors propose to classify specific risks of the pandemic period depending on the resulting consequences, into negative and positive ones. The paper lists some of the most obvious risks of criminal proceedings that have arisen in the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection.


Horizon 2020 is the financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness [...] By coupling research and innovation, Horizon 2020 is helping to achieve this with its emphasis on excellent science, industrial leadership and tackling societal challenges. The goal is to ensure Europe produces world-class science, removes barriers to innovation and makes it easier for the public and private sectors to work together in delivering innovation. [1]


This study aims to (1) describes the religious culture in SMK Telkom Sandhy Putra Malang. (2) describes the principal strategies in the development of religious culture in SMK Telkom Sandhy Putra Malang. (3) explain citizen support schools in developing religious culture in SMK Telkom Sandhy Putra Malang. The results showed that (1) Being religious culture in SMK Telkom) include: (a) The addition of self-development learning the art of reading the Qur'an (SBA), (b) habituation smiles and greetings attitudes, (c) Implementation of Friday congregational prayers, girl's learning, (d) The use of the hijab (islamic dress) on the day and month of Ramadan Friday, (e) Development of islamic religious activities through the BDI (islamic proselytizing agency), (f) warning the great days of Islam (PHBI). (2) the principal strategies in developing the religious culture include: (a). Program planning, (b) give an example to the citizens of the school, (c) share and support religious activities, (d) Conducting evaluations. (3) citizens support the school has done very well by showing their commitment. Sequentially (sequential) residents support the schools to the cultural development of religion is as follows: the principal's commitment, the commitment of teachers, student commitment, and commitment of employees.
Keywords: Principal Leadership, Religious Culture


S N INCE THE INCEPTION of positron emission tomography (PET) several decades ago, PET canner design and performance have improved ramatically. The number of detector elements has ncreased from 20 to 20,000 and the axial field f view from 2 to 20 cm, the spatial resolution as improved from 25 to 5 mm, and the ensitivity has increased 1000-fold.1,2 At the ame time, the clinical applications of PET have rown dramatically as well.3-5 The current article eviews the technical basis of the remarkable dvance of this modality—the underlying princiles of PET and the basic design and performance haracteristics of PET scanners—emphasizing edicated "full-ring" devices and including multiodality (ie, PET-CT) and special-purpose (ie, mall-animal) devices.


The history of consumption has established itself as an accepted area of research within the historical discipline in the past 20 years in western Europe and the USA. In comparison to the international academic community concerned with the topic, its German members have only recently begun to catch up. Since the 1990s there has been an increase in the number of studies in and on Germany on the history of consumption, and 'islands of intensive research'2 have developed which remain largely unconnected. The majority of studies have concentrated on nineteenthand twentieth-century Germany. In this context, scholars have tended to work along markers established by a paradigm of political history. Regime changes, the beginning and the end of wars, are thereby assumed to have fundamentally affected people's behaviour on all levels of daily life. The Second World War and the collapse of the GDR in 1989 have had the most influence on historians of twentieth-century consumption. The former is understood to constitute a watershed in the development of a German modern mass consumer society; the latter has sparked interest in and enabled access to sources containing information on social and cultural phenomena under the GDR regime. Another striking fact about current research is the under-representation of actual consumers, of their behaviour and the meaning of consumption Cultural and Social History 2005; 2: 247–256


In 240 pregnant women the blood pressure mean value in the second trimester of pregnancy was determined after the method of Page and Christianson; in 40% the value was 11.3 kPa or higher, and 90% of all later manifest hypertensions in pregnancy came from this group. In 17% of pregnant women the blood pressure mean value exceeded 12 kPa and this group contained 63.2% of all later manifest hypertensions in pregnancy--among them 6 out of a total of 7 severe or very severe cases of hypertension.


Tissue biopsies of breast tumors only provide a snapshot of the evolution of the disease and may miss potential therapeutic targets, especially in the metastatic setting. Plasma-derived cell-free tumor DNA constitutes a potential surrogate for tumor DNA obtained from tissue biopsies to potentially capture inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity present in metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to investigate to what extent variants identified in the primary tumor and metastases are reflected in plasma. We performed whole-exome sequencing on tumor DNA from primary and metastatic lesions and plasma-derived circulating tumor DNA of eight patients with metastatic breast cancer. Our results show that metastases most often follow parallel evolution, given the low levels of stem mutations detected between primary tumors and matched metastases and mutational events private to the primary tumor. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ctDNA mainly reflected old stem mutations shared between primary tumor and metastasis, and less often, genetic alterations found solely in primary tumor or metastasis. Lastly, clinically relevant variants, e.g., resistance mutations detected in primary tumor and metastasis, were to some extent reflected in ctDNA, including affected genes MET, MTOR, CDK6, PIK3CA, and GATA3. However, mutations in MED1, NCOR1, and NCOR2 were only found in tumor tissues. These findings support the importance of a metastatic deposit biopsy to guide treatment decisions. Together, our results have implications for future ctDNA studies. For monitoring tumor burden using ctDNA, our results suggest that truncal mutations are the best candidates, as they are highest in circulating levels. For confident tracking of subclonal mutations in ctDNA, liquid biopsies are not yet to substitute metastatic tissue biopsies and instead demonstrate support to the current gold standard.
 Citation Format: Stephanie Kavan. The genetic landscape of metastatic breast cancer reflected in circulating tumor DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5923.


In Australia over the last three decades, planning frameworks such as the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) and limits of acceptable change (LAC) have been applied to protected area planning and management. A total of 20 applications was identified by McArthur and Sebastian (1998) in their comprehensive review of framework implementation in this country. These frameworks had been applied to national parks (including islands), groups of parks and reserves, walking tracks and state forest (similar to national forests in other countries). Most applications have been at a regional or state rather than a site specific level. Virtually all regional applications have involved more than one agency.


It is clear that today we face a situation of climate change. Temperatures are extreme, the water level of the sea increases, the ozone layer disappears, and so on. We do not care to discuss here whether this change is due to humans, if the cause of a natural cycle or any other hypothesis. What interests us is to analyze how these changes affect the tourist map, that is, we argue how climate change affects tourism flows and sets new targets in relation to their needs and expectations of travelers. The rising temperatures are causing some areas that were previously lost a good tourist purely competitive edge for others who were in the final positions. But we must also bear in mind that if one link in the chain of the tourism system is altered, the others also suffer alterations. In short, this article will analyze the changes that will be placed under the tourism climate metamorphosis.


This paper has two purpose. The first purpose is to identify how many people (university students) have a desire for approval, and from who they want to get approval. The second purpose is to clarify what selection criteria are there for others to approval the students' fashion. As the method, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and factor analysis was performed using the responses of the subjects. The result was that 72.5 % of the students wanted approval. They wanted to feel recognized at fashion by their close friends and their SNS followers. The selection criteria for items related to fashion are as follows. Male university students' fashion selection criteria were "look good", "pride" and "sense". The criteria for female university students to choose fashion were "look good", "cuteness" and "self -worth". Among the fashion selection criteria, the "cuteness" criterion is a characteristic of female students. It suggests that they want to appear cute to others. In order to be approved by others, the factors listed above are more important than the price.


In order to assess the potential of RADARSAT-2, a field-validated airborne and satellite SAR sea ice dataset was collected over young and first year sea ice at multiple polarizations. Some preliminary observations are presented.


We propose a simple time-domain, non-parametric method to estimate the damping at the fundamental frequency
of a building. The method aims at obtaining quick-and-dirty data on large sets of buildings, at the expenses
of the accuracy provided by other, more complex and resource-demanding techniques. The analysis of a 10 min
recording of ambient vibration with a single high-resolution seismometer atop the building can provide a good
estimate of the required parameters for the first flexural modes on orthogonal components. The proposed
methodology does not require complex filtering and assumptions on signal structure, nor multiple measurement
points or clear single transients induced by shakers, shocks or release tests. We checked the stability of the proposed
method in terms of duration and characteristics of the signal, and compared the results obtained by others
with standard techniques. Then, we tested the ability of the proposed technique to identify damping and frequency
variations due to large displacements, damage or changes in the structural characteristics. The proposed
methodology provides a satisfactory agreement when compared with other techniques. Even if it is not always
possible to obtain higher modes, the advantage is that it is possible to study with limited resources the fundamental
parameters for a large number of buildings. This is useful to include experimental data on building behaviour
in microzonation studies.


Abstract Background In the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care systems wish to harness the advantage of distant care provision to transcend barriers to access health care facilities. This study aims to investigate general population perceptions (acceptance, comfort, perceived ease of use and perceived quality of care) toward telehealth. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. The questionnaire investigated the general population's familiarity and experience with virtual provision of health care (telehealth) in Kuwait. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed. Results A total of 484 responses were received. Of those, 65% (N = 315) showed high acceptance of telehealth of which 73.5% (N = 119) were comfortable using it and 48.2% (N = 78) perceived themselves capable of utilizing its systems. Multivariate analysis showed that participants with moderate or high comfort score and those who perceived equal quality of care received from Virtual Visits (VV) are more likely to accept a virtual call from their health care provider compared to those with low comfort score (odds ratio (OR): 4.148, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.444–11.91, P = 0.008, OR: 20.27, 95% CI: 6.415–64.05, P < 0.0001, OR: 2.585, 95% CI: 1.364–4.896, P < 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Perceptions of telehealth were overall positive, indicating a tendency to accept the implementation of such technology.


Cr3+-doped broadband infrared luminescent materials have attracted growing attention in consideration of their potential applications in phosphor-converted infrared light sources. However, discovering infrared-emitting luminescent materials with ultrabroadband emission and excellent thermal stability still remains a challenge. In this work, we report the significant improvement of infrared photoluminescence properties in Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor via Li+ substitution and Yb3+ codoping. The prepared Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor can produce broad infrared emission over 650–1350 nm with a peak maximum at 898 nm under the excitation of blue light. Through the substitution of Li+ for Na+, the maximum infrared emission peak can be tuned from 898 nm to 850 nm. When the Li+ content is 0.5, the integrated infrared luminescence intensity of the obtained Na2.5Li0.5ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor increases by 4.2 times compared with that of the Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor, and the luminescence thermal stability is also improved significantly (58.5%@100 °C). Moreover, Yb3+ codoping can simultaneously realize the characteristic infrared luminescence of Cr3+ and Yb3+, resulting in a broadened spectral width due to efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+. Finally, an ultrabroadband infrared light-emitting diode prototype is fabricated through a combination of the optimized Na2.5Li0.5ScSi3O9:2%Cr3+,0.5%Yb3+ phosphor with a commercial 490 nm LED chip, giving an infrared output power of 5.2 mW at 320 mA drive current. This work provides an effective way to optimize the infrared photoluminescence performance of Cr3+-doped Na3ScSi3O9 infrared phosphors.


Although both of them belong to the same school,they do show us different pictures of London.The following discussions focus on how different the London is in the eyes of poets William Blake and William Wordsworth based on their poems London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge.


The history of the history of economic thought teaching in the Netherlands is an unwritten story. It consists of scattered, local, individual stories and of particular events that have remained unnoticed in Dutch histories of higher education. Yet, in retrospect, the individual stories and events build up an impressively consistent picture of a history of history of economic thought teaching in Dutch economics curricula. The information that has shaped this brief history comes from those who were involved in the teaching of the history of economic thought at Dutch universities during the period 1945–2001. These (oral) histories were gathered by interviewing several generations of lecturers at different universities in the Netherlands. Due to the relatively low mobility of Dutch lecturers during a large part of the period under investigation, most individual stories related to the specific circumstances of one university town and could often be confirmed by predecessors or successors. The sheer size of the country, with at most nine faculties offering (elements of) an economics curriculum, offers the opportunity to distill some general traits that may compose a brief history of the history of economic thought teachings in the Netherlands. The oral history mainly covers the post–World War II era, although most stories also referred to the pre–World War II period, in part as an explanation, in part as a (self-) justification of the present situation. Although the pre–World War II history of history of economic thought


It is argued in the present essay that the understanding of the ultimate essence of matter depends essentially on the conception of human consciousness. In the framework of the organism-environment theory consciousness developing with human co-operation and communication is the basis of any description of the world. It is claimed that the properties of the matter are relations created in human action/measurement. Therefore, there is no "ultimate" essence of matter, and the question "What exists?" is identical with the question "What can we know?"


A buried Triassic basin with possible potential for storage of high-level radioactive wastes was discovered beneath the southern third of the Savannah River Plant site near Aiken, South Carolina. Investigation into the characteristics of the basin was aimed at understanding the geohydrology to determine its compatibility with the safe storage of waste. Before it was completed, the investigation was deferred pending more detailed evaluation of alternative concepts of waste storage and management. However, some of the geohydrologic results of the investigation are reported herein. Seismic surveys, gravity and magnetic surveys, and the drilling of several exploratory wells indicate that the Triassic basin is about 30 mi long, 6 or more mi wide, and perhaps 5,300 ft thick. One well penetrated the Triassic border, a second was in the center of the basin, and a third investigated an inferred intrabasin fault. The rock is predominantly mudstone of very low permeability with a few lenses of poorly sorted gritty sand. The water yield of all the exploratory wells is extremely low, and water-transmitting fractures are virtually nonexistent. In two wells within the basin, heads above land surface have been measured that cannot be explained by connection with a recharge area. Possible explanations are tectonic compression, temperature increase, and osmotic-membrane phenomena. Whether the high head is general over the entire basin or only in segments of it is unknown.


Here the optimum polarization of antenna for buried landmines detection in soil surface clutter is investigated theoretically to enhance radar target back scattered power. An expression of the Mueller matrix from this fractal surface is obtained. The optimum polarization to reduce clutter is given. Then, the variations are found of power density of buried landmines with polarization state, and the optimum polarization is given to increase power density. In the end, the paper researches the polarization filtering enhancement of buried landmines in soil surface clutter.


Information theory indirectly confirms some fundamental structures in semiotics. By offering quantitative criteria for efficient transmission of data, it suggests by analogy ways of thinking about efficient communication in language and other media. The criterion in information theory for maximal capacity for information at the source leads to preference for independent data, which can be generalized to the semiotic principle of approximate independence among many kinds of emic units. This independence is closely related to what Kenneth L. Pike's tagmemic theory has called distribution. The criteria in information theory for faithful transmission of data lead by generalization to the semiotic principles of contrast and variation. Together, the aspects of contrast, variation, and distri- bution constitute fundamental structures characterizing the whole field of semi- otics. They also lead to the development of three interlocking views of communi- cation, the particle, wave and field view, which enable us to explain a number of more complicated phenomena in communication. These tools for semiotics re- ceive confirmation from the quantitatively more specialized concerns of informa- tion theory.


Using the theory of elasticity of polymer gels we show that large-scale cross-link density patterns written into the structure of the network in the melt state, can be revealed upon swelling by monitoring the monomer density patterns. We find that while isotropic deformations in good solvent yield magnified images of the original pattern, anisotropic deformations distort the image (both types of deformation yield affinely stretched images in Θ solvents). We show that in ordinary solids with spatially inhomogeneous profile of the shear modulus, isotropic stretching leads to distorted density image of this profile under isotropic deformation. Using simple physical arguments we demonstrate that the different response to isotropic stretching stems from fundamental differences between the theory of elasticity of solids and that of gels. Possible tests of our predictions and some potential applications are discussed.


Brugada syndromes is one special kind of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation,which displays an autosomal dominant mode of transmission with incomplete penetrance and has mutations in the gene SCN5A encoding cardiac sodium channel. This paper showes a general view of home and abroad researches about SCN5A mutations associated with Brugada syndromes and discusses the effect of mutations on the cardiac sodium channel characteristics.


This study explores the attitudes expressed in the Book of Ezekiel towards the various different leadership groups within Judean society: the monarchy, the priests and Levites, the prophets, and the lay leadership (including zᵉqēnim, śārim and other ruling classes).


The article is an assessment of the evolution of marketing and advertising up to the use of techniques taken from the study of neurosciences. The simple appreciation of rationality as an indicator of the logical buying behavior of 1 Licenciado en Economía, email@example.com 64 Neuromarketing: La Neuropublicidad (las nuevas herramientas del mercadeo) a consumer is far from the reality of their behavior. The neurosciences are advanced in deciphering how emotions affect the actions of individuals and to what extent the rational is faced with irrationality at the time of making a purchase. This seeks to improve techniques and means for the advertising message to be more effective, developing strategies that combine the use of traditional tactics, valued with neural studies of behavior in certain situations of consumer purchase.


Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory receptor on the T-cell surface and its primary biological function is to maintain peripheral tolerance by...


Acknowledgements ix Preface xi 1 Introduction: What Can We Learn from the History of Education? 1 2 Memory: How Do We Remember What We Learn? 18 3 Language: What Determines Our Acquisition of First and Second Languages? 50 4 Reading: How Do We Learn to Read and Why Is It Sometimes so Difficult? 81 5 Intelligence and Ability: How Does Our Understanding of These Affect How We Teach? 109 6 Sex Differences: Do They Matter in Education? 142 7 Metacognition: Can We Teach People How to Learn? 173 8 Academic Selection: Do We Need to Do It and Can We Make It Fair? 207 9 Creativity: What Is It, and How and Why Should We Nurture It? 239 10 Education Policy: How Evidence Based Is It? 276 11 Comparative Education: What Lessons Can We Learn from Other Countries? 309 12 Life-long Learning: How Can We Teach Old Dogs New Tricks? 348 13 Technology: How Is It Shaping a Modern Education and Is It Also Shaping Young Minds? 374 14 Conclusions: What Does the Future Hold for Education? 403 Index 406


In view of the apparent necessity for unsaturated fatty acids in the diet, it was thought that a preliminary comparison of the iodine absorption of the serum lipids of control rats with that of animals fed on fat-free diets might show significant differences. The animals were chloroformed and the blood was collected directly from the heart into a test tube, pressure being made on the body to insure maximum collection. The serum was obtained by centrifuging. An alcohol-ether extract of the serum was prepared according to Bloor's method. 1 The iodine absorption was determined according to the method of Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn 2 as modified by Page, Pasternak and Burt. 3 Determinations were made directly on the alcohol-ether extract. Eight healthy control animals and 8 fed on a fat-free diet wrere used. The results obtained (Table I) are expressed in mg. iodine absorbed per 100 cc. serum. The differences between the two groups are distinct. In fact, the groups are separated so that the highest of the "fat-free" animals does not reach the lowest of the controls. These results are especially significant in view of the fact that the controls are on a relatively low fat diet (McCollum's diet No. 1),4 in which the fat is largely from milk. Therefore, the bodies of these animals probably have fats of as low iodine number as any animals on ordinary mixed diets. This work is being extended to show whether the low iodine absorption of the alcohol-ether extract of the serum of the fat-starved rats is due to smaller amounts of fats or to a lower iodine number of the fats. The work of Bloor, 6 Maynard and McCay, 7 and Bender and Maynard 8 indicates large drops in the phosphatides, cholesterol and total lipids of the blood when low fat diets are fed. No iodine number of the serum fatty acids is given by these workers.


In this text we set out to reflect on the concept and the practice of local history, approaching some of the implications that are derived from its use. It is a historiographical reflection whose title leads us to two fundamental questions: the historians try to explain the objects of knowledge in their place, in the local context which the data that are used come from; in addition, we try to avoid a retrospective rationality that does force our defenceless ancestors. From those statements, we interrogated ourselves about if there is a way that is specially productive for local history. It is at that crossroads in which we have believed advisable to explore the advantages of microhistory, because we think that it shows us a specially historical practice for the local investigations


A description is given of a sampling oscilloscope technique in which the sampling pulse recurrence rate is not in any way synchronized with the signal waveform. The technique eliminates the need for a signal channel delay line. An experimental system which employs only semiconductor devices is described, and experimental data demonstrating the practicality of the system is presented.


The task of discerning truth from untruth has long interested psychologists; however, methods for doing so accurately remain elusive. In this article, we provide an overview and evaluation of methods of detecting deception used in the laboratory and the field. We identify and discuss three broad approaches to detecting deception: measurement of non-verbal behaviour, verbal interview methods, and statement evaluation by humans and computers. Part of the problem in devising good methods for detecting deception is the absence of a sound understanding of deception in human lives. We thus consider three theories of deception – leakage, reality monitoring, and truth-default – and conclude that although promising, they do not yet provide an adequate foundation. We review 10 extant methods of detecting deception in the second part of the article, focusing at greatest length on the most widely used method in South Africa, the polygraph test of deception. Our conclusion is that non-verbal methods that work by inducing anxiety in interviewees are fundamentally flawed, and that we ought to move away from such methods. Alternate methods of detecting deception, including statement analysis, are considered, but ultimately our view is that there are currently no methods sufficiently accurate for practitioners to rely on. We suspect that a precondition for developing such measures is a coherent and validated theory.


The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of feeding assistance provided by trained non-nursing staff with care provided by certified nursing assistants (CNAs). Research staff provided an 8-hr training course that met federal and state requirements to non-nursing staff in five community long-term care facilities. Trained staff were assigned to between-meal supplement and/or snack delivery for 24 weeks. Using standardized observations, research staff measured feeding assistance care processes between meals across all study weeks. Trained staff, nurse aides, and upper level staff were interviewed at 24 weeks to assess staff perceptions of program impact. Trained staff performed significantly better than CNAs for 12 of 13 care process measures. Residents also consumed significantly more calories per snack offer from trained staff (M = 130 ± 126 [SD] kcal) compared with CNAs (M = 77 ± 94 [SD] kcal). The majority of staff reported a positive impact of the training program.


This report is the Summary Outcomes Report of the WSKEP Specific Priority Subject Workshop 3.2
on Assessing Water-Related Business Risks. It includes an introduction reporting the key
recommendations resulting from the Workshop. This document will be made available on the
Programme website www.wskep.net. The full Participants Outcomes Report was distributed to all
participants of the Workshop.