Liquid metallic hydrogen provides a compelling material for constructing a condensed matter model of the Sun and the photosphere. Like diamond, metallic hydrogen might have the potential to be a metastable substance requiring high pressures for formation. Once created, it would remain stable even at lower pressures. The metallic form of hydrogen was initially conceived in 1935 by Eugene Wigner and Hillard B. Huntington who indirectly anticipated its elevated critical temperature for liquefaction (Wigner E. and Huntington H. B. On the possibility of a metallic modification of hydrogen. J. Chem. Phys., 1935, v.3, 764–770). At that time, solid metallic hydrogen was hypothesized to exist as a body centered cubic, although a more energetically accessible layered graphite-like lattice was also envisioned. Relative to solar emission, this structural resemblance between graphite and layered metallic hydrogen should not be easily dismissed. In the laboratory, metallic hydrogen remains an elusive material. However, given the extensive observational evidence for a condensed Sun composed primarily of hydrogen, it is appropriate to consider metallic hydrogen as a solar building block. It is anticipated that solar liquid metallic hydrogen should possess at least some layered order. Since layered liquid metallic hydrogen would be essentially incompressible, its invocation as a solar constituent brings into question much of current stellar physics. The central proof of a liquid state remains the thermal spectrum of the Sun itself. Its proper understanding brings together all the great forces which shaped modern physics. Although other proofs exist for a liquid photosphere, our focus remains solidly on the generation of this light.


The paper aims an analysis of the evolution of the stock of sovereign debt of Romania in recent years, in the macroeconomic context of this period. The study aims to examine also the strategy for managing the different types of risks that are associated with public debt. At the same time, the work will result in purposeful sustainability studies of sovereign debt in the context of fiscal-budgetary strategy adapted by our Government in front of the community authorities and in front of our nation.


Internet information filtering is a disputed problem,but severe information pollution force many countries enact law to control polluted information,same to our country.Lacking of powerful supervise,there are still a lot of bad information,the paper suggests to build the law supervise system of internet information filtering based on information resource,information channel and information user.


In February 2013, ex-LAPD officer Christopher Dorner went on a violent rampage against his former colleagues, a killing spree and manhunt that consumed the aSention of Southern California for more than a week. For the students in my "Introduction to Criminal Justice Research, Writing, and Reasoning" course at California State University, Long Beach, the Dorner affair was their first real opportunity to apply the theories of criminology and criminal justice they were learning about in our classroom to an event that was happening right outside our door. This event was no less of a discovery for me, a discovery of the applicability of a very different kind of knowledge. My Ph.D. is in English. My dissertation was about Shakespeare. What was a Shakespeare scholar doing teaching criminal justice classes? I was asking myself the same thing, but it was


Performing daily activities in SMEs requires the effective utilization of existing technologies. In developing countries, SMEs play great roles in stimulating economies as well as the creation of employees. One of the technologies which are mainly relied upon by the employees of SMEs is mobile phone technology due to the low readiness in desktop computing. Literature has provided insights on the factors which influence the successful use of mobile phone technology and various recommendations were presented which highlights the issues which if are worked on properly will eventually fuel the acceptance of mobile phone technology in SMEs. However, the literature lacks the insights which discuss the relevance of the job which is performed by the employees to the acceptance of mobile phone technology. The essence of this is that it is unclear whether the roles of employees within SMEs might have an impact on the uptake of mobile phone technology. This research involves triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods.


The antihypertensive effects and safety profiles of carvedilol(test)were compared with atenolol(control)in double-blind,randomized and controlled clinical trials with double-dummy technique in 205 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, mean sitting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 10.8% and 12.7%, respectively in carvedilol, 13.3% and 13.4% in atenolol. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the efficiency between carvedilol and atenolol ( 85.1% vs 78.8%). Their antihypertensive effects could persist for over 24 h when they were given once daily. After treatment with carvedilol for 6 months, the blood pressure of the patients were lowered to within normal limits, the left ventricular hypertrophy were reduced and the hemodynamics were improved. The common adverse effects of both drugs were fatigue and dizziness, which might become milder during the period of treatment. No patients withdrew from the treatment because of adverse reactions of the drugs. The results suggest that carvedilol is safe in its antihypertensive effects and is well tolerated by patients with mild_to_moderate hypertension. Compared with atenolol, the effects of carvedilol on the heart rate and biochemistry metabolism were slight.


The aim of this research is to study differences between fresh palm oil and heated palm oil in the external static electric field. The external electric field used at this research was resulted from two parallel plates of 5 × 3 cm, separated by 2.5 cm and applied by high voltage from 0 to 11 kV. Light sources used here were red laser pointer (= 650 nm) and green laser pointer (= 532 nm) to measure change of polarization angle. The heated oil used here was fresh oil that was heated in circa 16 minutes. The results indicate that fresh oil has less average gradient of electro optic polarization ( h ) than heated oil, both of 650 nm and 532 nm. The h 's value is measured more significant for = 532 nm than= 650 nm, and moreover can be used to measure the quality of oils based on fresh or polluted oil.      Keywords: palm oil, electr o optic, polarization.


Simple Summary As the occurrences of lichens are strongly correlated to background environmental conditions (e.g., air pollution, global warming), the analysis of their distribution has a great value for bioindication. Distribution data are originating from earlier herbarium collections, recent field and literature studies. The distribution analyses in lichen species with different ecological requirements allowed comparisons and showed clear trends. Five distribution types were introduced—presented by characteristic examples—according to lichen distribution maps prepared in different periods of time (representing changing environmental conditions): (1) species of decreasing occurrences by time (acidic pollution sensitive species), (2) species with no or few former records but with increasing occurrences in recent decades (sub-Mediterranean species), (3) species with increasing and then (from c. 2000) decreasing occurrences (acidofrequent species), (4) species with widely increasing occurrences in recent decades (nitrofrequent species), and (5) species with rapidly increasing occurrences (rapidly spreading species of uncertain reasons). The discussed trends are known for some species at a global scale or European level, other examples are characteristic for Central Europe or Hungary. By studying the distribution maps of lichen bioindicators, tendencies of climate change and type of pollution can be determined and further changes can be predicted. Abstract Distribution data originating from earlier herbarium collections and recent biodiversity records form the basis of distribution analyses in lichen species with different ecological requirements, where the records allowed comparisons or showed clear trends. As the occurrences of lichens are strongly correlated to background environmental conditions (e.g., air pollution, global warming), confirmed by Wirth's ecological indicator values, the analysis of distribution types has a great value for bioindication and the establishment of current and future climatic and pollution situations. Five distribution types were introduced—presented by characteristic examples (13)—according to lichen distribution maps prepared in different periods of time (representing changing environmental conditions): (1) species of decreasing occurrences by time (e.g., Lobaria pulmonaria, Menegazzia terebrata, suboceanic, acidic pollution sensitive species), (2) species with no or few former records but with increasing occurrences in recent decades (e.g., Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Solenopsora candicans, sub-Mediterranean species), (3) species with increasing and then (from c. 2000) decreasing occurrences (e.g., Scoliciosporum chlorococcum, Straminella conizaeoides, acidofrequent species), (4) species with widely increasing occurrences in recent decades (e.g., Physcia aipolioides, Piccolia ochrophora, Xanthoria parietina, nitrofrequent species), and (5) species with rapidly increasing occurrences (e.g., Absconditella lignicola, Coenogonium pineti, Evernia divaricata, rapidly spreading species). The proposed distribution types of lichen species may be applied to wider regions (the European or the global level).


There is taking place a triangular struggle for the world. Three responses to the ending of "the short twentieth century" and its political and economic architecture. Three attempts to control the full throttle celerity of late capitalism and make something solid from the melting air of the 21st century.


In this study, thrust, torque and power concepts are investigated according to different blade number and rotor spacing for coaxial rotors. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of three-dimensional (3D) flow over coaxial rotors is used for this investigation. Power and torque concepts are the important parameter for the design of aircraft and airfoil. Thrust is also another critical parameter for the aircraft performance. A rotor is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blade. This pressure difference produce a thrust. Each rotor blade is a rotating airfoil, which produces thrust and drag. Thrust parameter is directly proportionate with blade number. If the blade number increase, thrust will increase. If the blade number of rotor increase, the produced torque by rotor and the needed power to drive rotor will also increase. In this study, the effect of blade number (2, 3 and 4 blades) and distance between rotors (0.05*D, 0.1*D, 0.25*D, 0.5*D, 0.75*D, 1*D) on the thrust, torque and power is investigated.


Relative and absolute stereochemistry for hyperforin has been proposed by Brondz et al. was supported and new isomer of hyperforin-perforatrin has been discovered. Relative and absolute stereochemistry for perforatrin was proposed and elucidated by using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (SMB). The possibility of the existence of ambiguities in chirality as a hypothesis for the existence, and a new understanding, of chiral substances with shifting chirality is presented.


Preparation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose (2) by epimerization of the corresponding D-glucose was improved by addition of Ni2+ ion to the equilibration system, and several derivatives of (2) were synthesized. N-glycosides were obtained by using ammonium chloride as a catalyst, and p-nitrophenyl glycoside by a fusion method. The composition of four isomers in benzylglycosidation of (2) was determined to be 66% α-pyranoside (6), 11% β-pyranoside, 16% α-furanoside (5) and 7% β-furanoside. Benzylidenation of 6 gave the corresponding 4,6-O-benzylidene derivative which was converted into the 3-O-acetate (8) by acetylation, and to the corresponding 2-amino-2-deoxy derivative by treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide. Oxidation of 6 with oxygen in the presence of platinum-charcoal and following esterification gave the corresponding methyl uronate which was derived to the di-O-acetate (11). Periodate oxidation and the following hydrogenation of 5 gave benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-lyxofuranoside which wa...


Abstract : The transformation of the political relations in Europe at the dawn of the 21st century resulted in deep changes in the concepts of security and collective defense. In the context of NATO becoming an organization dedicated to freedom and democratic values, Romania reconsidered its political and strategic position, started profound reforms in its security institutions and continues to consolidate the democratic statecraft. This thesis examines the influence of NATO mechanisms on Romanian National Security in the Post Cold War Era. The analysis is primarily concerned with examining the building blocks and mechanisms by which NATO extends its institutional and normative influence and contributes or not to reducing chances for military conflict and political tension in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries, by integrating them into the Western security community and increasing the speed of democratic domestic reforms. The analysis concludes that through NATO influence, Romania has developed into a major factor of peace and stability in the area and could become an important military contributor to NATO.


This article reviews the state-of-the art of multiprocessing systems (sometimes called a parallel-or concurrent processor system). The author discusses multiprocessor architectures as well as programming multiprocessors. Stress is also given to the issue of reliability. Attention is also paid to the global race in multiprocessors. The author believes that by skewing research toward immediate military objectives, the U.S. may cede leadership to the Japanese. It is stated that the best design of a new multiprocessor system may be achieved by simulating it first on a computer.


To the Editor:

Smith et al1 reported that office blood pressure (BP) was lower in subjects whose antihypertensive therapy was guided by noninvasive hemodynamics (impedance cardiography) than …


6500 Background: Multiple studies have documented lower rates of use of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer with increasing patient age despite evidence from RCTs that older patients (pts) experience similar benefits from treatment. This suggests the concern that pts treated on those trials may not be representative of the typical elderly colorectal cancer patient. We therefore examined the outcomes of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer in a nationally representative sample of pts treated in the routine care setting. Methods: As part of the CanCORS observational cohort study, we assessed important clinical morbid events (CME) recorded in the medical records (e.g., sepsis, myocardial infarction) for a population-based sample of 705 patients with incident colon cancer from multiple U.S. regions. We used Poisson models with propensity score to calculate adjusted mean number of CME events summed, from colectomy to 15 months post- diagnosis, by age. We adjusted for demographics, site, survey type, comor...


In the article is analyzed the modern state and perspectives of development of process of low socialization of students from the side of state and low institutions and of resources of concrete studding institutions. The methods of investigation are questionnaire inquiring of respondents (the students of humanitarian specialties of Volgograd state universities) and statistic method. In the result it is revealed the level of law socialization of modern students and recommendations is suggested on development of mechanism of regulation of law socialization of students.


I investigated linguistic patterns in middle school students' writing to understand their relevant embodied experiences for learning science. Embodied experiences are those limited by the perceptual and motor constraints of the human body. Recent research indicates student understanding of science needs embodied experiences. Recent emphases of science education researchers in the practices of science suggest that students' understanding of systems and their structure, scale, size, representations, and causality are crosscutting concepts that unify all scientific disciplinary areas. To discern the relationship between linguistic patterns and embodied experiences, I relied on Cognitive Linguistics, a field within cognitive sciences that pays attention to language organization and use assuming that language reflects the human cognitive system. Particularly, I investigated the embodied experiences that 268 middle school students learning about water brought to understanding: i) systems and system structure; ii) scale, size and representations; and iii) causality. Using content analysis, I explored students' language in search of patterns regarding linguistic phenomena described within cognitive linguistics: image schemas, conceptual metaphors, event schemas, semantical roles, and force-dynamics. I found several common embodied experiences organizing students' understanding of crosscutting concepts. Perception of boundaries and change in location and perception of spatial organization in the vertical axis are relevant embodied experiences for students' understanding of systems and system structure. Direct object manipulation and perception of size with and without locomotion are relevant for understanding scale, size and representations. Direct applications of force and consequential perception of movement or change in form are relevant for understanding of causality. I discuss implications of these findings for research and science teaching.


Virginia Held's How Terrorism Is Wrong: Morality and Political Violence contains a substantial introduction and eight papers, most of which have been previously published. Held has been thinking about these issues for a long time. Parts of one paper date from a 1984 article, while another substantial paper on terrorism was published in 1991. Others are products of the post–9/11 era. In addition to a newly written introduction, the papers included are "Terrorism and War," "Military Intervention and Terrorism," "Legitimate Authority in Nonstate Groups Using Violence," "Terrorism, Rights, and Political Goals," "Group Responsibility for Ethnic Conflict," "The Media and Political Violence," "The Moral Assessment of Violence and Terrorism," and "Moral Inquiry, Action, and Care." Held was among the relatively few philosophers who gave serious attention to terrorism prior to the September 11 attacks. Her early thinking about these issues provided the basis for her response to the simplistic but powerful ideas invoked in support of the Bush administration's "war on terrorism." Although many of these ideas are crude, Held rightly takes them seriously, since they dominated thinking in the United States long enough to enable the Bush Administration to attack Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan and to initiate a war against the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq. Held's writing on these issues, though recognizably philosophical and theoretical, is motivated by practical concerns about current policies and about standard patterns of response to political violence. While the book does not have the degree of unity that the title suggests or that a fresh reworking of the papers would possess, the separate chapters are linked by Held's persistent efforts to deal with questions about political violence and by her pluralistic, practical approach to them. Taken both singly and collectively, the book's chapters provide thoughtful, humane discussions of difficult problems that are likely to remain with us for a long time to come. Held is a methodological pluralist. She believes that various moral theories are useful in various contexts. She is comfortable making both consequentialist arguments and deontological arguments in addition to appeals to an ethic of care, which she sees as providing, among other things, a foundation for a commitment to nonviolence in political life. While Held does not defend pacifism, she takes seriously the idea that nonviolent methods are generally far preferable to violence and war and that we need to keep this in mind as we confront the kinds of conflicts that often lead to violence and war. If we were serious about violence prevention and about listening and responding to claims of unjust treatment, the occasions for violence and the harms that it causes could be substantially diminished. Held's practical interests in diminishing violence set her work apart from


REES 105. Central and East European Politics. 5 Units. Focus is on how the states of Central and East Europe, including the Baltic states, have moved from communism and the Soviet Bloc to democracy, NATO and the EU. Topics include the communist legacy, transitions and their legacies, ethnic issues, and the evolution of economic and social policies, and the comparison of democratization processes in these countries to democracies in other regions, such as Latin America and southern Europe. Same as: REES 205


In this paper, we develop a new and at the same time simple method of obtaining a measure of the rate of capacity utilization (CU) which makes use of the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) system of equation estimating technique with long-run restrictions. The measure of CU that we derive for each of 14 EU countries replicates to a great extent the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (ECFIN) measure. On closer examination we find that the in-sample explanatory content with respect to the inflation rate of the SVAR measure exceeds more often than not that of the ECFIN's measure; however, the out-of-sample forecasting performance of the two models is approximately equivalent.


The pollution caused by pesticide wastewater is really serious in China. Various present treatment technologies for pesticide wastewater exhibit different characteristics. It is necessary to make comprehensive evaluation on typical treatment techniques for the selection of the proper pesticide wastewater treatment technology. In this study,several assessment aspects such as regional economy level,social stability,and technical feasibility were considered to establish a scientific criterion system.


In order to produce different types of AAO the anodization of electropolished aluminium samples had been carried out in 2 electrolytic baths. Nanoporous oxides were obtained, and diameter of pores ranged from 16 to 45 nm. The nanohardness measurements revealed that AAO can withstand under normal loads without essential cracking, that is strongly important for further biomedical engineering.


Stochastic expected value model is one classical stochastic optimisation problem. Generally, the fitness function should be constructed and computed with artificial neural network ANN, thus, the computational efficiency is relied upon the weights and structure of ANN. In this paper, a new algorithm, artificial plant growing process model APPM which is inspired by plant growing process, is applied to train the weights of ANN. To show the performance, two examples are chosen to check. Simulation results show it is effective.


Moving beyond radio's textual affinities with neighboring forms of modernist art, this essay explores the listening practices and modes of aural experience associated with the medium during its initial growth period in the United States from 1920 to 1930. Challenging emphases on private domestic space as the privileged site of radio reception, it argues that encounters with radio in public spaces outside the home were equally important for shaping popular experiences of broadcasting and linked the medium to a modern aesthetic of distraction. Public listening on city streets, in department stores, and at early trade shows positioned radio as an aural attraction that invited short bursts of attention and encouraged practices of acoustic flanerie. Listening in spaces of public recreation, by contrast, invited more sustained engagement but positioned radio as a background medium and object of secondary attention. These twin regimes of ambient radio and their associated modes of distracted listening echoed par...


BACKGROUND:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome.AIM:We evaluated the association among the metabolic syndrome, visceral fat accumulation, and the severity of fatty liver with a new scoring system of ultrasonographic findings in apparently healthy Japanese adults.METHODS:Subjects consisted of 94 patients who received liver biopsy and 4,826 participants who were selected from the general population. Two hepatologists scored the ultrasonographic findings from 0 to 6 points. We calculated Cohen's kappa of within-observer reliability and between-observer reliability. We evaluated the predictive value of the score by the area under a conventional receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTS:Within-observer reliability was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.97, P < 0.001) and between-observer reliability was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.97, P < 0.001). The AUC to diagnose NAFLD was 0.980. The sensitivity was 91.7% (95% CI 87.0–95.1, P < 0.001) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 95.4–100.0, P < 0.001). The AUC to diagnose visceral obesity was 0.821. The sensitivity was 68.3% (95% CI 51.9–81.9, P = 0.028) and the specificity was 95.1% (95% CI 86.3–99.0, P < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratio of the score for the metabolic syndrome was 1.37 (95% CI 1.26–1.49, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:The scoring system with abdominal ultrasonography could provide accurate information about hepatic steatosis, visceral obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy people who do not consume alcohol.


Seamount phosphorites have been recognized since the 1950s, but this is the first study to provide an in depth exploration of the origin and history of these widespread deposits. Representative samples from equatorial Pacific Cretaceous seamounts were analyzed for chemical, mineralogical, and stable isotope compositions. The phosphorites occur in a wide variety of forms, but most commonly carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) replaced middle Eocene and older carbonate sediment in a deep water environment (>1000 m). Element ratios distinguish seamount phosphorites from continental margin, plateau, and insular phosphorites. Uranium and thorium contents are low and total rare earth element (REE) contents are generally high. REE ratios and shale-normalized patterns demonstrate that the REEs and host CFA were derived from seawater. Strontium isotopic compositions compared with inferred Cenozoic seawater curves define two major episodes of Cenozoic phosphatization: Late Eocene/early Oligocene (39–34 Ma) and late Oligocene/early Miocene (27–21 Ma); three minor events are also indicated. The major episodes occurred at times of climate transition, the first from a nonglacial to glacial earth and the second from a predominantly glacial to warm earth. The paleoceanographic conditions that existed at those times initiated and sustained development of phosphorite by accumulation of dissolved phosphorus in the deep sea during relatively stable climatic conditions when oceanic circulation was sluggish. Fluctuations in climate, sealevel, and upwelling that accompanied the climate transitions may have driven cycles of enrichment and depletion of the deep-sea phosphorus reservoir. As temperature gradients in the oceans increased, Antarctic glaciation expanded and oceanic circulation and upwelling intensified. Expansion and intensification of the oxygen minimum zone may have increased the capacity for midwater storage of phosphorus supplied by dynamic upwelling around seamounts; however, the bottom waters never became anoxic during the phosphogenic episodes. Fluctuations in the CCD and lysocline, CO2 fluxes, and changes in bottom water circulation and temperatures may have bathed the seamount carbonates in more corrosive waters which, coupled with increased supplies of dissolved phosphorus, promoted replacement processes. The late Eocene/early Oligocene phosphogenic episode recorded in seamount deposits is not matched by large phosphorite deposits in the geologic record, whereas the late Oligocene/early Miocene episode and middle Miocene event are matched by large deposits distributed globally. The seamount phosphorites are exposed at the surface of the seamounts and have been for most of the Neogene and Oligocene. The phosphorites do not show signs of etching that would indicate substantial undersaturation of seawater phosphate with respect to CFA. Mass balance calculations indicate that about 5.4–19 × 1012 g of P2O5 are locked up in equatorial Pacific seamount phosphorites. That amount is equivalent to about 2-7 years of the present annual input from rivers.


The recent emergence of NVMe flash devices with Zoned Namespace support, ZNS SSDs, represents a significant new advancement in flash storage. ZNS SSDs introduce a new storage abstraction of append-only zones with a set of new I/O (i.e., append) and management (zone state machine transition) commands. With the new abstraction and commands, ZNS SSDs offer more control to the host software stack than a non-zoned SSD for flash management, which is known to be complex (because of garbage collection, scheduling, block allocation, parallelism management, overprovisioning). ZNS SSDs are, consequently, gaining adoption in a variety of applications (e.g., file systems, key-value stores, and databases), particularly latency-sensitive big-data applications. Despite this enthusiasm, there has yet to be a systematic characterization of ZNS SSD performance with its zoned storage model abstractions and I/O operations. This work addresses this crucial shortcoming. We report on the performance features of a commercially available ZNS SSD (13 key observations), explain how these features can be incorporated into publicly available state-of-the-art ZNS emulators, and recommend guidelines for ZNS SSD application developers. All artifacts (code and data sets) of this study are publicly available at https://github.com/stonet-research/NVMeBenchmarks.


The agricultural sector is a strategic economic component that has importance at micro level in the sense of meeting basic food needs and being the main supplier of other sectors and at macro level in the sense of creating employment and increasing national income. In this context, the agricultural sector can directly shape the labor market with its employment dimension and be affected by the dynamics of the labor market. This study was conducted to determine the structural and characteristic features of the agricultural sector in the labor market in Turkey. Within the scope of the study, micro dataset of the 2019 Household Labor Force Survey of Turkish Statistical Institute was used. The findings indicated that 18.2% of those employed in Turkey were active in the agricultural sector and women were working in agriculture more than other sectors. A significant portion of those employed in the agricultural sector work in small-scale enterprises (the rate of enterprises with less than ten employees: 96.4%). In the study, it was also determined that the unpaid family worker (46.1%), unregistered (86.6%), part-time (24%), and temporary work (71.1%) status of those working in the agricultural sector were significantly higher compared to general employment. Agricultural production is made mostly in Black Sea Region and at least in Istanbul. Average income of agricultural laborers is quite low compared to general employment. The average incomes of male and female workers also differ significantly. This difference is more evident against women working in the agricultural sector. Keywords: Agricultural Sector, Employment, Labor market


In Arabic script, most characters share the same primary body and are differentiated solely by the location and number of dots, e.g. ج , ح and خ. At a certain stage, such as segmentation or feature extraction, it is important to temporary eliminate the dots. In this paper, a method based on area-Voronoi Diagram to separate Arabic dots from the main Arabic word body is proposed. Area-Voronoi diagram has the capability of representing the neighbourhood of connected components as polygons. The inner and outer contours of all word's components are traced first to choose samples using an estimated writing stroke thickness. The point-Voronoi diagram is constructed from those samples, and then the area-Voronoi diagram is created based on the point-Voronoi diagram. Area-Voronoi diagram will draw line segments between the connected components. The complete set of those lines will be able to separate the dots from the main body. The method is perfect in separating those components. The time consumed is also optimized by setting the sampling interval to be equivalent to the estimated thickness value. This choice proved to be perfect because the area-VD constructed does not differ from the one constructed using all boundary points. Hence, gaining time and preserving the structure from any distortion. The method was tested on a variety of printed and handwritten Arabic documents and showed promising results.


The most influential research was studied that spans over the domains from Authorship attribution and stylometry. The reference material contributes robust classifiers with reasonable array of feature extraction techniques, such as Dirichlet–multinomial change point regression to extract the progress of inscription elegance with time, comprising plodding variations in stylishness as the author ages and unexpected vicissitudes. This paper presents quantifiable evaluation of the research in terms of year-wise research output, diversity of applications, nature of collaboration, characteristics of highly productive techniques and the benchmark of performance criteria by eminent high impact researchers. The outcomes of this study can by deployed for dialectology analysis and corpus linguistics, stylistics, natural language processing, classification, and literary and historical analysis, forensic analysis etc.


Significance Transcriptional dysregulation is an early and reproducible feature of Huntington disease (HD); however, mechanisms underlying this dysregulation are unclear. This article describes a unique pattern of the chromatin mark H3K4me3 at transcriptionally repressed promoters in HD mouse and human brain identified by genome-wide analysis. Reducing the levels of the demethylase SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons reversed down-regulation of key neuronal genes caused by mutant Huntingtin expression and was neuroprotective in a Drosophila HD model. These results suggest that targeting epigenetic signatures may be an effective strategy to ameliorate the consequences of HD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Transcriptional dysregulation is an early feature of Huntington disease (HD). We observed gene-specific changes in histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at transcriptionally repressed promoters in R6/2 mouse and human HD brain. Genome-wide analysis showed a chromatin signature for this mark. Reducing the levels of the H3K4 demethylase SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons reversed down-regulation of key neuronal genes caused by mutant Huntingtin expression. Finally, reduction of SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons from BACHD mice or the single Jarid1 in a Drosophila HD model was protective. Therefore, targeting this epigenetic signature may be an effective strategy to ameliorate the consequences of HD.


Amongst the insecticides imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 20 g a.i/ha was most effective against whitefly and leaf miner, followed by acetamiprid 20 SP @ 15 g a.i/ha and NSKE5% up to 25 and 45 days after transplanting. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 9.5 g a.i/ha showed maximum efficacy against leaf miner followed by spinosad 45 SC @ 75 g a.i/ha and chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 525 g a.i./ha, when sprayed 65 days after transplanting of tomato crop.


In December 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released the document, Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Strategic Framework (HHS MCC Strategic Framework), to guide the HHS in coordinating its efforts internally and collaborating with stakeholders externally in improving the health status of individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC).


Abstract Because of the impression obtained from our population with sickle cell anemia that there were no cases of diabetics, a study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in: 1) 186 cases of pregnant black patients with sickle cell disease (HbS-S, S-C, or S-Thal) or HgA-S with random and 2-h postprandial blood glucose (compared to 2263 matched control patients); 2) a study of the hemoglobin pattern in 280 consecutive cases of nonpregnant black patients with confirmed diabetes mellitus in our outpatient clinic; and 3) a review of the records of 711 patients with sickle cell disease in our Sickle Cell Center with performance of a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test on 5 patients with random plasma glucose greater than 120 mg/dl. These studies showed: 1) there were no diabetics in pregnant black patients as compared to a 4% incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance in a control, matched population; 2) there were no cases of sickle cell disease in the diabetic population; and 3) there...


Purpose: This study aims to coconstruct the building blocks for an intervention program to support family resilience in conjunction with families with an adolescent suffering from traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation professionals. Design: This is a qualitative and inductive study, supported by a collaborative research approach. Methods: Based on the complex intervention design and validation model, the investigator follows a three‐stage data collection process: (1) identifying the building blocks of the intervention program in the eyes of families and rehabilitation professionals, (2) prioritizing, and (3) validating the building blocks with the same participants. Findings: After analyzing the data, the investigator identifies five encompassing themes as the building blocks of the intervention program. Conclusions/Clinical Relevance: This study offers promising avenues for practitioners and researchers in nursing and other fields with respect to the implementation of concrete strategies to support the resilience process of families facing particularly difficult times in their lives.


Event major in universities of Zhejiang needs to target at the construction of Hangzhou international conference site, and achieves international development in teachers, teaching contents and methods, teaching media and technology, audiences, teaching effect and other overall elements. The concrete measures include: Establish training objectives and specifications matching international conference site; Design international conference curriculum systems based on National Standard; Build a talent cultivating mechanism with the cooperation of "government-association-enterprise-university"; Build "full-time teachers and industry executives" teams; Establish international conference training bases and innovation and entrepreneurship bases; Promote international teacher-student exchanges and overseas internship programs, etc.


Development of a Branch and Price Approach Involving Vertex Cloning to Solve the Maximum Weighted Independent Set Problem. (December 2004) Sandeep Sachdeva, B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Wilbert E. Wilhelm We propose a novel branch-and-price (B&P) approach to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem (MWISP). Our approach uses clones of vertices to create edge-disjoint partitions from vertex-disjoint partitions. We solve the MWISP on sub-problems based on these edge-disjoint partitions using a B&P framework, which coordinates sub-problem solutions by involving an equivalence relationship between a vertex and each of its clones. We present test results for standard instances and randomly generated graphs for comparison. We show analytically and computationally that our approach gives tight bounds and it solves both dense and sparse graphs quite quickly.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To date, most structural brain imaging studies in individuals with nonspecific low back pain have evaluated volumetric changes. These alterations are particularly found in sensorimotor-related areas. Although it is suggested that specific measures, such as cortical surface area and cortical thickness, reflect different underlying neural architectures, the literature regarding these different measures in individuals with nonspecific low back pain is limited. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the association between the performance on a sensorimotor task, more specifically the sit-to-stand-to-sit task, and cortical surface area and cortical thickness in individuals with nonspecific low back pain and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen individuals with nonspecific low back pain and 17 healthy controls were instructed to perform 5 consecutive sit-to-stand-to-sit movements as fast as possible. In addition, T1-weighted anatomic scans of the brain were acquired and analyzed with FreeSurfer. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with nonspecific low back pain needed significantly more time to perform 5 sit-to-stand-to-sit movements ( P (cid:2) .05). Brain morphometric analyses revealed that cortical thickness of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortical regions was increased in patients with nonspecific low back pain compared with controls. Furthermore, decreased cortical thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex was associated with lower sit-to-stand-to-sit performance on an unstable support surface in individuals with nonspecific low back pain and healthy controls ( r (cid:3) (cid:4) 0.47, P (cid:2) .007). In addition, a positive correlation was found between perceivedpainintensityandcorticalthicknessofthesuperiorfrontalgyrus( r (cid:3) 0.70, P (cid:2) .002)andtheparsopercularisoftheinferiorventrolateral prefrontalcortex( r (cid:3) 0.67, P (cid:2) .004).Hence,increasedcorticalthicknesswasassociatedwithincreasedlevelsofpainintensityinindividualswith nonspecific low back pain. No associations were found between cortical surface area and the pain characteristics in this group. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that cortical thickness may contribute to different aspects of sit-to-stand-to-sit performance and perceived pain intensity in individuals with nonspecific low back pain.


This is a literature review that aimed to find articles that exemplify and describe the use of multivariate analysis in different fields of Forest Agricultural Sciences, considering effective practices using multivariate statistical techniques for the simultaneous processing of data. For data collection were selected for the meta-analysis of 70 technical articles of which 54 were employed in the study directed to the use of multivariate techniques applied in the areas of agricultural sciences. The results showed thatstudies directed to certain areas within the Forest Agricultural Sciences exhibit some regularity in the use of multivariate analysis, and most application analyzes were more usual as the Cluster Analysis (AA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thus the use of multivariate analysis studies and evaluations of experiments in Agricultural Sciences proved to great value to allow greater clarity and better interpretation of dealing with complex phenomena.


Abbreviation: HPA, human platelet antigen. 90:653-5. 6. Heidenreich O, Tirtakusuma R, Bomken S, et al. The genomic landscape of lineage switch acute leukemia. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2013;122(Suppl):2552. 7. Jiang JG, Roman E, Nandula SV, Murty VV, Bhagat G, Alobeid B. Congenital MLL-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) switched lineage at relapse to acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) with persistent t(4;11) and t(1;6) translocations and JH gene rearrangement. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1223-7. 8. Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Nuñez-Cortez AK, Olivares-Gazca JC, Fortiz YC, Ruiz-Argüelles A, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Lineage switch from acute lymphoblastic leukemia to myeloid leukemia. Med Univ 2017;19:27-31. 9. Aujla A, Hanmantgad M, Islam H, Shakil F, Liu D, Seiter K. Lineage switch from T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma to acute myeloid leukemia and back to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in a patient diagnosed during pregnancy. Stem Cell Investig 2019;6:12. 10. Ittel A, Jeandidier E, Helias C, et al. First description of the t(10;11)(q22;q23)/MLL-TET1 translocation in a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, with subsequent lineage switch to acute myelomonocytic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2013;98:e166-8. 11. Higuchi Y, Tokunaga K, Watanabe Y, et al. Lineage switch with t(6;11)(q27;q23) from T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma to acute monoblastic leukemia at relapse. Cancer Genet 2016;209:267-71. 12. Babić A, Kurić L, Dubravčić K, et al. A case of an unusual lineage switch in late relapse ALL—is it actually a secondary leukemia? J Hematop 2020;13:51-5. 13. Ganser A, Heuser M. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Curr Opin Hematol 2017;24:152-8. 14. McNerney ME, Godley LA, Le Beau MM. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: when genetics and environment collide. Nat Rev Cancer 2017;17:513-27. 15. Ganzel C, Devlin S, Douer D, Rowe JM, Stein EM, Tallman MS. Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is constitutional and probably not related to prior therapy. Br J Haematol 2015;170: 50-5.


Approximately 1 in 5 U.S. adolescents experience mental disorders with severe impairment,1 and 1 in 5 U.S. adults (excluding adolescents) had mild to severe symptoms of mental illness in the past year.2 However, every year, many adolescents and adults with mental illness go untreated.3,4 Recent data suggests that half of adults who felt the need for mental health treatment but did not receive it within that year reported not being able to afford treatment as a major reason for not receiving care.5 However, this data collection occurred before the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, so the number of adults who feel the need for treatment but do not receive it may be reduced in the future.


The contents of Pb and CD measured with the barks of Pinus densiflora in Seoul area, Yangjaedong area near the Kyungbu-highway, Mt. Keryong and Mt. Seolak area, from Sep. to Ock. in 1988. Pb contents in Seoul area were 17.8 ppm at Changkyungkung, 17.1 ppm at Chongamdong, 13.2 ppm at Mt. Kwanak, 7.6 ppm at Mt. Dobong and 3.7 ppm at Mt. Surak. Except Mt. Kwanak, the difference between areas of central and mountains in Seoul were high significant. Mt Seolak area also showed variations in Pb contents from 16.8 ppm to 32.1 ppm according to studied sites. Cd contents in Seoul area were 0.47 ppm at Changkyungkung, 0.65 ppm at Chongamdong, 0.61 ppm at Mt. Kwanak, 0.52 ppm at Mt. Dobong, 0.47 ppm at Mt. Surak. Therefore, Cd contents in Seoul area exhibited more variations between sampling plots than between the areas of central and mountains in Seoul. Mt Seolak area also showed variations from 0.20 ppm to 0.34 ppm in Cd contents, and it was the lowest in all the studied area.


This study examines the impact of auditor quality on debt covenants. We conjecture that high-quality auditors have two related effects on debt covenants: (i) they encourage fewer and less restrictive covenants by providing assurance to lenders at contract inception and, consequently, (ii) they ensure a lower probability of eventual covenant violations. Consistent with the conjectures, we find that auditor quality is negatively associated with the intensity and tightness of covenants when debt contracts are initiated. Additionally, we find that auditor quality is negatively associated with the likelihood of covenant violations. In an ancillary test, we provide evidence that high-quality auditors mitigate the detrimental effect of covenant violations on the cost of borrowing. Together, these findings highlight the important role of auditors in debt contracting.


Primary health care (PHC) emerged in the early 1970s as WHO's response to the failure of its basic health services approach. The Soviet Union succeeded in getting WHO's governing bodies to agree to hold an international conference on PHC, a conference that was held in Alma-Ata, the capital of the Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan, in September 1978. In 1975, Dr. Halfdan Mahler, WHO's charismatic director-general, introduced the goal of "health for all" (HFA) by the year 2000. Alma-Ata declared PHC as the key for achieving HFA. Although WHO had promoted the involvement of medical schools in community health, Mahler's antimedical establishment rhetoric contributed to WHO ignoring the potential role that medical doctors could play in PHC and HFA.


"Line intercept density estimates" are defined as estimates of mean density arrived at by sampling density along randomly selected transects. For these estimates, the school (or patch) configuration being sampled strongly influences the variance of the mean density estimate. By simulating schools as circles (or ellipsoids) the variance component due to schooling was calculated by numerical integration, where the variance generating probability measure was a uniform distribution determined by the type of transect sampling employed. Results indicate that the component of variability due to schooling is large; that it can be effectively reduced (at practical sampling levels) by increasing sampling density; and that relative variance (as measured by a coefficient of variation) is extremely sensitive to the percentage of the sampling region covered by schools. Stratified methods of sampling (zig–zag and stratified parallel) were uniformly more efficient than random parallel sampling. Furthermore, zig–zag sampl...


Educational research is increasingly pressured by the evaluation model established by ANECA. "Publish or perish" in impact journals has become the only way to access or stay in the "research career." This generates a model of science and research marked by impact and profitability, against the common good and social interest that are progressively delayed. Political will is needed to promote another comprehensive, reasonable, global, equitable, coherent and fair research evaluation model that responds to an Open and Citizen Science model for the common good, express mandate of the European Union program in the Horizon 2020 initiative.


Evaluation of the performance of roadside safety appurtenances has always been limited by the high costs associated with full-scale crash testing. Computer simulation programs have provided a relatively inexpensive alternative for analyzing vehicle/barrier interactions. Barrier VII is one such program that has been used successfully as a design tool in the development of numerous barrier systems. This paper summarizes the Barrier VII simulation model, discusses input requirements, and describes the appropriate applications and limitations of the program for analyzing longitudinal barrier impacts. The applications discussed include determination of design loads, evaluation of barrier performance limits, prediction of vehicle snagging, and determination of the critical impact location for a barrier system. Examples of these applications are given to emphasize these capabilities and limitations and to aid the user in the design of flexible barrier systems.


The invention discloses a chip embedded silicon substrate type fan-out type packaging structure and a manufacturing method therefor. The packaging structure comprises a silicon substrate, wherein the silicon substrate has a first surface and a second surface; at least one groove A which extends to the second surface is formed in the first surface of the silicon substrate; at least one chip with an upward bonding pad surface is arranged in the groove A; the bonding pad surface of the chip is higher than the first surface of the silicon substrate for a certain distance; a thick adhesive layer which exposes the groove A and the chip is paved on the first surface; the sum of the thickness of the thick adhesive layer and the depth of the groove A is close to or equal to the thickness of the chip; and the electric power of the bonding pad of the chip is fan out to the upward side of the thick adhesive layer through a metal wiring layer. The thick adhesive layer is introduced to the surface of the silicon substrate, and the thick adhesive layer and the silicon substrate are jointly used as a chip fan-out carrier, so that requirement on the groove etching depth and the groove bottom etching uniformity in embedding the chip in the silicon substrate can be lowered, and the purposes of shortening etching process time on the silicon substrate, lowering etching and packaging costs and reducing warping degree are achieved.


Two new related methods, 2BOB and H2OBC, for tracking out the backbone of protonated 13C nuclei are presented. 2BOB extracts an H2BC and an HSQC‐type spectrum from one and the same data set, and the combined information of these two spectra tracks out the molecular backbone. The faster method, H2OBC, typically requiring only a few minutes of instrument time, yields a single spectrum with distinct and different phases imposed on the H2BC and one‐bond peaks thus obviating the need to separate them in the absence of complicating spectral overlap. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Fuel cells have emerged from the research laboratories and are now in the state of being actively developed for various military and commercial purposes. The paper tries to describe the principal problems which had to be overcome to build reliably operating, relatively inexpensive cells. The different systems presently used are compared with each other and the possibility of the use of cheap hydrocarbon fuels in low temperature cells is discussed.


survey using hydrophones is applied to the to results survey capping and bottom of the very soft soil the hydrophones, soft


From the angle of the standardization of production process,this paper classifies the service industry under two types,namely standardized and non-standardized service industry.After extending Baumol model raised in 1967 according to the heterogeneity of the two types of service industry,it introduces the structure of service industry into the model and analyzes the effects of the structure among standardized service industry,non-standardized service industry and the industry on the rise in productivity.It makes an empirical study of the extended Baumol model on the basis of the service sub-industries data in China from 1978 to 2010.The results state that the non-standardized service industry meets the hypothesis of Baumol model,that is to say its excess growth would lead to cost disease,but the standardized service industry does not comply with the hypothesis of Baumol model,namely its growth would guarantee the sustainable increase in economic productivity.Therefore,service industry planning should put emphasis on the effects of the structure of service industry and its heterogeneity on the whole economy.


This work focuses on characterization, modeling, and design of three different ESD protection devices for high-speed I/O applications in 45 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) technology. In this paper, the gated diode, the bulk substrate diode, and a double-well field-effect diode are evaluated using very fast transmission line pulse (VF-TLP) test method.


The bachelor thesis on subject " Alternative Forms of Financing Housing for Young People in the Zlin District with the lmpact on Income Taxes" focuses on the area of financing own housing through a building savings loan and a mortgage loan. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part it describes the basic concepts of both loan products, the principle of their functioning and the impact of tax issues. In the second part is a questionnaire survey focused on the financial literacy of young people. The questionnaire survey includes both knowledge-based and statistical questions, that helped to evaluate young peoples awareness. This is followed by the solution of a particular case of housing finance for a young couple, its comparison of the current products offered by banks and building savings banks, the finding of an optimal variant and subsequently demonstrated on a specific modular example.


Bilayered FTO/AZO (fluorine doped tin oxide/aluminium doped zinc oxide) films were fabricated using a simple, cost effective spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of bilayered films showed that in the case of lower thickness FTO over layers, (002) plane of ZnO phase had the highest intensity, whereas the predominance was changed in favour of (200) plane of SnO 2 phase for higher thickness FTO over layer. UV studies showed that bilayered FTO/AZO films exhibited a sharp absorption edge as that of AZO film. The decrease in the photoluminescence (PL) peak at 420 nm with increasing FTO over layer thickness indicated a reduction in the zinc vacancies which caused a reduction in the sheet resistance (R sh ). Electrical studies revealed that, eventhough the R sh value (916 Ω /□) of bilayered FTO (313 nm)/AZO (314 nm) film was found to be higher than that of FTO single layer film (72Ω /□), it was much lower than that of AZO single layer film (5661 Ω /□ ). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reflect the characteristic features of both zinc oxide and tin oxide films.


The questionaires are collected from the Komatu river basin in 1985 and 1989 to investigate the inhabitant senses for the river environment in an urban area. These data are anayzed by the Quantitative and Mathematical Methods. From the analysis, the followings are clarified: i) The inhabitants prefer the familiarity with water to the flood control. ii) The preference is essentially unchanged with time and depends on their inhabited district. ii) They are sensitive in the sense to the improvement of their life circumstances.


Communication is the process of delivering messages by someone to other people to tell, change attitudes, opinions or behavior either directly orally or indirectly through the media. In this communication requires a reciprocal relationship between the delivery of messages and recipients namely communicators and communicants. The purpose of Islamic communication is to give good news with the shadow of the multiplication of fahala and the recompense of heaven, giving news of fear of the threat of doom, and the reward of hell. And invite the people to understand and forbid from evil deeds, and remind those who are negligent, and teach and guide those who are ignorant. The type of research contained in this dissertation is qualitative. Qualitative research is a study that aims to understand the phenomena or social realities that arise in society which are subject to holistic research, and by describing in the form of words and languages in a special context that is natural by utilizing various natural methods. The approach that the researchers used in this study was case studies. In this study, researchers explored the patterns of communication carried out by members and institutions of the Wilayatul Hisbah in implementing amar ma'ruf nahi munkar in Lhokseumawe City.


Previous research on the security of network coding focuses on the detection of pollution attacks. The capabilities of network coding to detect malicious attacks have not been fully explored. We propose a new mechanism based on physical layer network coding to detect the Sybil nodes. When two signal sequences collide at the receiver, the starting point of the collision is determined by the distances between the receiver and the senders. When the distance between two receivers is large enough, they can combine their interference sequences to recover the original data packets. On the contrary, the Sybil nodes attached to the same physical device cannot accomplish the data recovery procedure. We have proposed several schemes at both physical and network layers to transform the idea into a practical approach. The investigation shows that the wireless nodes can effectively detect Sybil nodes without the adoption of special hardware or time synchronization.


As a feel-good story, the turnaround in the fortunes of the seismic business worldwide over the past 18 months has been special. Andrew McBarnet* ponders on what will happen next.


SMEs "RR Milk," a pioneer of SMEs that produce milk into milk crackers and milk candy in the Batu City. The production system on SMEs of dairy cows is still manual and if using household appliances scale still impacting on productivity that has not been maximized to meet market demand. The critical point of SME issues "RR Milk" was lack of technological innovation in the production system due to the use of manual production equipment mainly in the drying process of milk crackers. Through the help of technology transfer to procurement of machinery and equipment production guidance on the management of which the current management of the business is still conventional, less organized in a professional manner and therefore contributes to the progress of its business performance. The results showed that the implementation of activities coordination activities, mentoring and socialization of the means of production of milk crackers were good, production and financial recording system was good, and machinery equipment production facility in the form of the dryer cabinet has been done in order to improve the capacity and efficiency of the production of milk crackers. Mentoring activities packaging system (labeling) and marketing is also done with the target to expand market share and marketing systems more planned and strategic.


Abstract In the past only powder diffractometers with medium resolution were available at BENSC. To satisfy ademand from the user community for crystal structure refinements using the Rierveld method, a new high-resolution powder diffractometer has been installed at the BER2 reactor and it came into user operation during the second half of 1999. The instrument is designed for investigating crystal structures with cell volumes up to 1000 k3 by profile refinements of powder diffractograms. Data sets of sufficient resolution and statistics depenlng on the complexity of the structure are needed to apply the Rietveld method successfully. To fulfill these demands, it was decided to build an instrument based on a classical angular dispersive diffractometer similar to the D2B at the ILL however, with relaxed collimations considering the lower thermal flux at the BER2 compared to the ILL reactor. Beside the standard setting with a take-off angle at the monochromator above 90°, the instrument allows to vary the take-off angle in a large angular range. In combination with the optional use of different reflecting planes of the Ge-monochromator crystals, the diffractometer exhibits a great flexibility in the choice of wavelength and resolution. In the following we willshortly describe the instrument design and list the important instrumental specifications. In particular we will describe the performance of the instrument and focus on the line profile shapes, which are crucial for the quality of the Rietveld refinement. Finally an example is presented which illustrates the possibilities the instrument off ersfor crystal structure refinements.


This paper presents preliminary evidence on the effect of crop insurance on fertilizer and chemical inputs in agriculture. Our estimates are based on two sources of identification that emerge from a policy change concerning insurance subsidies that approximately doubled total premiums and the share of acres insured. First, we compare per-acre applications on these inputs from the same farms before and after the policy change. Second, we compare farm-level changes in input applications to differential changes in coverage growth induced by the policy change. We are able to make this second comparison because farms in some regions were more heavily insured than others before the policy change so they were not required to increase coverage in order to obtain the subsidy. Thus, the policy change caused some farms to increase coverage more than others. We find that the insurance subsidies induced modest reductions in fertilizer and chemical applications on tobacco and cotton crops and a modest increase in chemical applications on corn.


The quality of test data is an important consideration in conducting field experiments on civil infrastructure. In addition to possible errors due to the experimental setup, the uncertainties due to incomplete knowledge of a structure's behavior and its interactions with the natural environment greatly affect the reliability of the final results. This study discusses the uncertainty related to ambient vibration testing of a long-span steel arch bridge. The consistency of the identified parameters is examined through statistical analyses, and the effects of bandwidth and stationarity on the identified parameters are discussed.


The utility model discloses a mobile biogas tank which is characterized in that the mobile biogas tank comprises a bracket and a tank body arranged in the bracket; a feeding inlet and a slag outlet are arranged on the tank body, the tank body is made of rubber composite material, the rubber composite material comprises an inner rubber layer and outer rubber layer, a fiber frame layer is arranged between the inner rubber layer and the outer rubber layer. The mobile biogas tank is convenient in use, has good tightness and is not easy to leak, is pollution free and has long service life, can be moved and transported conveniently, and is convenient in sewage draining; the tank body can absorb heat through solar lighting and accelerates fermentation and generates biogas rapidly; the mobile biogas tank is suitable for supplying biogas for households and households in regions.


Egg is a universal food in our regular diet which rich in many nutrients. The purpose of this study was to calculate approximately the proximate nutritional content and assess the physical appearance in variety of duck eggs produced in Bangladesh. Eggs have been collected from four region representing different geographic areas in Bangladesh. Proximate nutritional value of eggs has been analyzed according to AOAC method. Antioxidant activity was determined by Yen and Chen method. Farm duck contains the highest amount of moisture which is 71.18±0.04 % and Native duck contains the lowest amount of moisture which is 68.36±0.11%. On the other hand, Native duck contains the highest amount of fat (13.78±0.30%) and lowest ash 0.93±0.09%. Goose Shows highest amount of protein 13.86±0.56%, ash 1.13±0.07% and lowest amount of carbohydrate 2.98±0.34%. Energy has been calculated based on standard formula, where goose shows the highest energy (263.23 ±0.95 kcal) and farm duck shows the lowest amount (190.77±0.85 kcal). Goose shows maximum antioxidant activity 18.24% and Farm duck shows minimum antioxidant activity 14.32%. Native duck shows 16.46%, Chinese goose 16.78% antioxidant activity. Findings of this study will help to provide nutritional data in food composition table of Bangladesh and plays a significant role to eradicate the nutritional problem of the country.


Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Abstract-Covid and Climate Change are telling us that we must all work together.But we cannot work well with each other, if we are forever taking decisions by voting (for or) against each other. By viewing problems in more detail, however, by not oversimplifying our controversies, and then by expressing our preferences on a range of, say, half-a-dozen options, cooperation and collective decision-making are indeed possible. Accordingly, this article first looks at a history of decision-making voting procedures, from the binary (either 'Option X, yes or no?' or 'Option X or option Y?'), to the multi-optional or, better still, preferential; next, it critiques majority voting and considers some of the other, more sophisticated mechanisms, before concluding that a preferential points procedure is actually the most accurate. Finally, the text outlines the beneficial consequences that could accrue from developing such a non-binary political structure; majority voting leads to majority (sic) rule, whereas preferential decision-making could be is the basis of a quantum polity and real majority rule: a non-partisan polity of all-party power-sharing. Such a structure is often used in post-conflict zones, but could also be the basis of cooperation and consensus seeking in the


This is a systematic summary of Prof. ZHU Bing yi's experience in treating anal fistula from the time when he started his medical practice 50 years ago. To ascertain the causes and to locate the internal opening were considered to be the key in treating the disease. Some feasible clinical methods in diagnosis treatment like "pressure irrigating methylene blue test", "contra drainage", "medicated thread insertion" were also summarized here.


Antimicrobial peptides are potentially valuable antibiotics. More research is required to turn these compounds into viable therapeutics. Herein, a novel highly potent antimicrobial peptide is presented as a tool to study antimicrobial peptides. Antibacterial activity in the low micromolar range, low haemolytic activity and excellent serum stability were observed.


FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES WERE MADE ON THE MIGRATION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE THROUGH SOIL AND ITS EFFECT ON FROST HEAVING. IT WAS FOUND THAT CALCIUM CHLORIDE WILL DIFFUSE THROUGH THE SUBGRADE WHEN APPLIED THROUGH POCKETS CUT THROUGH THE SURFACE. PROPER SPACING OF THE POCKETS TO SECURE UNIFORM SALT DISTRIBUTION WAS EXAMINED. THE EFFECTS OF GROUND WATER LEVEL AND MOVEMENTS OF WATER THROUGH SOIL ON CALCIUM CHLORIDE MIGRATION WERE CHECKED, AND IT WAS FOUND THAT THE RATE OF MIGRATION IS FASTER WITH HIGH GROUND WATER LEVELS SUPPLYING WATER TO THE MIGRATION ZONE. THE MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH SILT SILL CARRY THE SALT WITH IT. IN LABORATORY TESTS OF HEAVING OF SOIL SPECIMENS DUE TO FREEZING OF CAPILLARY WATER, IT WAS FOUND THAT 2 PERCENT OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE PROTECTED THE SPECIMENS FROM DAMAGING FROST HEAVE. /AUTHOR/


In this paper, a high-security probabilistic constellation shaping transmission scheme based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is proposed, in which the constellation point probabilistic distribution is generated based on recurrent neural network training. A 4D biplane fractional-order chaotic system is introduced to ensure the security performance of the system. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified in a 2 km seven-core optical transmission system. The RNN-trained probabilistic shaping scheme achieves a transmission gain of 1.23 dB compared to the standard 16QAM signal, 0.39 dB compared to the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann (M-B) distribution signal, and a higher net bit rate. The proposed encryption scheme has higher randomness and security than the conventional integer-order chaotic system, with a key space of 10,163. This scheme will have a promising future fiber optic transmission scheme because it combines the efficient transmission and security of fiber optic transmission systems.


In determining the three‐dimensional structure of a protein, hurdles of x‐ray crystallography can be overcome by incorporating unnatural amino acids into the protein of interest. Most naturally occurring atoms do not have sufficient mass to diffract electrons. incorporating unnatural amino acids containing a metalloid solves this problem. Bioincorporation of L‐Telluromethionine can provide atoms with sufficient mass for electron scattering when incorporated serendipitously. However, telluromethionine has cytotoxic effects which reduce cell growth and hinder uptake during protein synthesis. A proteomic analysis of telluromethionyl Escherichia coli was carried out using the methionine auxotrophe E. coli DL41 (DE3) (pCock) expression system. Both telluromethionyl and methionyl exposed cultures were analyzed with the objective of identifying differentially expressed proteins. The biological roles of differentially expressed proteins was elucidated and have been applied to improving methods for the bioincorporation of telluromethionine via the supplementation of chemically defined media with metabolites that ere negatively affected due to the exposure to L‐Telluromethionine.


Abstract If L ⊆ ℤ n is a lattice of finite index, let , where the sum is over all lattices L′ with L ⊆ L′ ⊆ ℤ n . Using the automorphic theory of GL2n , a generalization of the Voronoi-Oppenheim summation formula is proved for these generalized divisor functions. Bessel distributions and Hankel transforms associated with the Shalika model for the degenerate principal series representations of GL2n (ℝ) are principal tools.


One of the most perplexing concepts in Buddhist phi losophy is the doctrine of anatta, or 'not-self'. Many have interpreted anatta to be a metaphysical assertion that there is no self, but I argue that this is mistaken. Rather, in line with Thanissaro Bhikkhu, I understand anatta as a practical strategy that has heuristic value i n guiding one towards liberation. Furthermore, I propose that the acceptance of a subjective self can be consistent with and justified in Buddhism. This w ll be the focus of this essay. Before I commence, I would like to issue a health warning. The ideas presented in this essay are in no way intended to b e assertions of orthodoxy. I concede that they diverge from conventional attitudes, and so are likely to be considered controversial. My defence for this is that the Budd ha iscouraged reverence of dogma, and instead encouraged the gaining of insight throu gh experience, enquiry, and reasoning, as evidenced by the following passage fr om the Kalama Sutta:


Objective To summarize the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis.Methods One hundred and forty-five acute calculous cholecystitis patients underwent LC were reviewed.Results The average onset time of acute calculous cholecystitis was(82.3±5)hours,the mean operation time was (64±20)minutes and the average blood loss was (23±5)ml,the average drainaging amount was (36.3±12)ml.4 cases were conversed to open cholecystecomy (2.7%).The complications were:biliary leak(2 cases);infection of diaphragm inferior(1 case).145 cases were cured,and the average hospitalization time was 12.96 days.Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis.


Three-dimensional (3D) radar imaging of non-cooperative targets has become very attractive as it significantly improves the traditional two-dimensional radar imaging tech-nology. Drone-based radar systems offer a very flexible, easily deployable and low-cost solution for airborne radar imaging ap-plications. This paper presents the results of the first experiment in which 3D Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) technique has been implemented using a swarm of drones. The systems is composed of four radars, one transmitting and three receiving, installed on four drones. Drones were flying in a suitable formation to form a dual orthogonal baselines antenna configuration.


At the close of the 1950s, in a time of innocence and in the first blush of courtship, Senegalese leader Leopold Sedar Senghor and his Soudanese counterpart Modibo Keita made a pilgrimage to Mali's Dogon plateau to witness "authentic" African culture in what was then still the French Soudan. Political independence and a proposed federation between the two emerging nations were on the table. While the spectacle of masked dances probably did not seal the deal between Senegal and Soudan, the mix...


ABSTRACT One of the most fundamental issues in psychiatric assessment across different sociocultural and linguistic groups is assuring test reliability and validity. We analyze the construct validity of the HSCL-25 depression and anxiety scales and the SCL-90-Somatization scale in a population-based study (Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study) among 1356 Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants (aged 18–64 years old) in Finland using an Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling approach. The results revealed problems in establishing measurement invariance of the HSCL-25 depression and anxiety and SCL-90-Somatization scales. Two types of exploratory analysis (Exploratory Factor Analysis and Network Analysis) confirmed the mismatch between the theoretical structure and the data set. In addition, there were considerable group differences between the Russian, Somali and Kurdish groups, with the Somali group in particular showing differing results. The results are discussed in relation to sociocultural variation in manifesting psychological distress and psychiatric assessment in multicultural settings.


Abstract The characterization of the static stability of the troposphere over the western maritime Arctic remains limited in spite of its significance to both atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics. Field observations of microwave radiometric temperature profiles from the International Polar Year, Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study (late November 2007 to mid-July 2008) and the ArcticNet field campaign (mid-July to early November 2009) provided a unique opportunity to characterize the static stability of the troposphere over the southeastern Beaufort Sea–Amundsen Gulf region. Notably, the monthly median atmospheric boundary layer (<2000 m) static stability profile for April and the profile for May clearly revealed an inversion elevated above a thermal internal boundary layer, whereas the median summer static stability profiles had very strong surface-based inversions. These profiles have been linked to the seasonal evolution of sea-ice cover in Amundsen Gulf. The monthly static stability profiles for the free atmosphere (2000–10,000 m) revealed an annual cycle. The average static stability of the lower troposphere (2000–5000 m) had a minimum of 3.3 ± 0.5 K km−1 in July and a maximum of 4.5 ± 0.5 K km−1 in January and February. In the upper troposphere (>5000–8000 m), the average static stability had a minimum of 2.9 ± 0.6 K km−1 in June and August and a maximum of 5.3 ± 0.8 K km−1 in January. The monthly median heights of the tropopause also had an annual cycle. The maximum of 9750 m occurred in June, July, and August. The minimum tropopause height of 8000 m occurred in December, January, and March. The seasonal cycles of static stability in the free atmosphere and the seasonal cycle in the height of the tropopause can be attributed to regional as well as synoptic-scale forcing. This analysis will contribute to the understanding of the thermodynamics and dynamics of a data-sparse region of the Arctic by providing a "snapshot" of the state of the atmosphere through a composite annual cycle.


By means of rheological characterization an investigation about the effect of urethane groups on the processing behaviour of composite solid propellants was carried out using HTPB terminated on each end by isocyanate groups as binder of propellant.The results showed that urethane groups attached to the HTPB binder play an important role in improving the processing behaviour of propellant slurry ,the interface wetting and the dispersibility of fillers granule. Finally, based on the role of urethane groups, these results could be taken as a guideline for improving processing properties of some polyurethane propellants.


In this review, Dyson summarizes some recent developments in pRB research and focuses on progress toward answers for the three fundamental questions that sit at the heart of the pRB literature: What does pRB do? How does the inactivation of RB change the cell? How can our knowledge of RB function be exploited to provide better treatment for cancer patients?


A comprehensive summary of the presentations contained in this issue. This presentation comes from the Exploring the Frontiers of Global Portfolio Management conference held in Frankfurt, Germany, on October 29-31, 1995.


A 72 L large-scale reactor vessel was designed, manufactured, and built to investigate the gas production from methane gas hydrates. Methane hydrates were successfully formed within the reactor using pure methane gas and deionized water in a sand matrix with grain sizes between 100 and 500 μm. Hydrate formation tests resulted in formation at 2.2 °C around 600 psi. Mass balance calculations show that 11% of the pore space volume was occupied by hydrate. Measurements and simulations suggest that hydrate was initially formed at the top section of the reactor followed by formation within the lower part of the sediment. A cooling effect was observed during the dissociation via depressurization experiments, caused by the endothermic dissociation reaction. The observed temperature decrease of the system was between 4.0 and 0.8 °C. During the hydrate dissociation tests, a transition regime showing an increased gas production from 9.5 to 13 L/min within a very narrow range of temperature between −1.6 and −1.2 °C a...


The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the opening of the competitive arena in regulated markets on the nature and intensity of innovation. The cases of the electricity sectors in the USA and England & Wales are taken as examples. The present condition and the evolution of R&D programmes and institutions in the American and English electric sectors are analysed. We show that the current regulatory reforms lead to significant cuts in R&D programmes, especially those focusing on new technological fields.


An estimated 46.5 million Americans smoke1; of these, 70% want to quit completely,2, and each year, about 17 million adults in the United States make a serious attempt to quit.3 In a recent analysis of more than 6,000 published articles, two clear treatment-related themes have emerged: first, the use of approved medications for cessation at least doubles the likelihood of quitting, and second, the effects of medications for cessation are substantially increased when coupled with behavioral interventions.4,5

In a meta-analysis of trials assessing the effects of cessation advice from medical practitioners, it was determined that brief advice is associated with an increased likelihood of quitting versus no advice (odds ratio, 1.7); in addition, more intensive advice leads to higher quit rates than with more minimal advice (odds ratio, 1.4).6 Physicians are in an ideal position to identify tobacco users and facilitate patients' attempts to quit and should routinely ask patients about tobacco use, strongly advise tobacco users to quit, assess patients' readiness to quit, assist patients with quitting, and arrange follow-up counseling.4

A Clinical Practice Guideline from the US Public Health Service suggests that when feasible and not medically contraindicated, tobacco cessation interventions should include at least one Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical aid in combination with tobacco dependence counseling.4 Here we summarize the medications currently available in the United States for smoking cessation. Approaches for behavioral interventions are presented elsewhere4,7 and will not be addressed.


Because of the increasing worldwide awareness concerning the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems, our goal was to analyze for the first time the quality and abundance of MPs and assess their seasonal variation in two unique rivers flowing through the low-land area in northern Poland. Their uniqueness is due to the fact they flow through landscape parks and urbanized zones, possess mountainous characteristics, and are aquatic habitats for sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) and salmon (Salmo salar). In this pioneering study, the morphological types, geometric dimensions, and color of MP particles were analyzed by the use of an optical microscope. MPs particles were detected in 62.5% of the river water samples, while the average abundance was 3.6–4.2 items per sample. In terms of general seasonality, the sum of MPs items found in investigated river water samples decreased in the following order: spring (75 items) > summer (64 items) > autumn (52 items). Neither the total MPs abundance nor any morphological MPs types were statistically different between rivers according to single seasons. The quantity of MPs present in the river water was higher downstream of the wastewater treatment plant studied, which confirms that treated sewage effluent is a key source of MPs in an aquatic environment. Among the morphological types, fragments were prevalent among granules and fibers, while their average length not exceeding 1.0 mm enabled them to be classified as small. MPs were classified into nine colors, however, the bright colors were dominating only in the case of granule. In the case of the fragments and fibers, the dominating colors were transparent, white, blue, and black. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed on a small sample of microplastics (21.0%) due to their small size. Polymers containing polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, and polystyrene were identified.


ness of this treatment in HAE type III is limited. Icatibant, which blocks bradykinin-related symptoms (6), and ecallantide, a novel, specific, and potent inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (7), have recently been approved in Europe and the USA, respectively, as the elective treatment for HAE types I and II. We prescribed icatibant for compassionate use, as it is not yet approved for patients with HAE type III. Clinical trials with icatibant and ecallantide will be necessary to prove their efficacy and safety profile in this type of angioedema. Every author contributed to the manuscript. None of the authors have any conflict of interests. Clinical implications: Angioedema Type III, related to the F12 gene mutation, should be looked even in nonCaucasian patients.


Abstract The phenology, spatial distribution, and reproductive ecology of Anthonomus palmeri Jones & Burke and Anthonomus townsendi Jones & Burke (Anthonomus grandis species group; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were studied over a period of 2 yr on three species of Hampea (Malvaceae: Gossypieae) in southern Mexico. These weevil species are closely related to the cotton pest Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and Hampea is the probable ancestral host of the group. The three species of Hampea studied, H. montebellensis Fryxell, H. longipes Miranda, and H. mexicana Fryxell, are small to medium sized, dioecious trees that occur in montane habitats above 500 m in elevation in the central portion of the state of Chiapas, Mexico. All three species had limited reproductive periods, with flowering beginning with the rains during June and ended during August for H. longipes and H. mexicana and mid-September for H. montebellensis. Only male flower buds were found infested with weevils. Infestation levels of male flower buds were relatively low (<30%) for all species and years except for H. longipes during 1990. During that year, >90% of the buds of H. longipes were infested. Weevil populations on each of the Hampea species had specific and distinct size preferences in the flower buds chosen for ovipostion. No flower buds were found with multiple oviposition punctures, indicating that female weevils were able to distinguish previously infested flower buds and avoided ovipositing in them. Weevils were aggregated on branches with the greatest number of buds. The ecology of the species of Anthonomus studied is compared with their close relative, the cotton boll weevil when on cotton and wild hosts, and the factors that may have lead this one species to be a pest of cotton are discussed.


The pulse electric current bonding (PECB) process, also called plasmaactivated sintering (PAS) or spark plasma sintering (SPS) by some researchers, has received much attention as one of the most advanced materials bonding processing in recent years. To clarify the characteristics (bonded area, strength, inclusion ratio, electrical resistance and so forth) in the PECB process, the effects of surface roughness were investigated using SUS304 stainless steel with no interlayer materials. The following results were obtained. When the surface was smooth, tensile strength of the joint was high and deformation of the joint was small. But focusing on the bonded area, when the surface was rough, the contact area was heated locally, and the temperature was higher than the average temperature of the joints. As a result, the amount of inclusion was small in the bonded area, and the bond quality was better.


Case Description A 53-year-old woman with ESKD on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of chills, nausea, generalized abdominal pain, and vomiting. She had not performed peritoneal dialysis treatments for 3 days, and her abdominal exam revealed severe tenderness to palpation. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed no organized intra-abdominal fluid collections. Attempts at obtaining peritoneal effluent cell counts were unsuccessful due to inability to drain fluid after instillation. The patient was started on intravenous vancomycin and cefepime, given high suspicion for peritonitis. Radiology-guided catheter intervention revealed an encapsulated catheter, with peritoneal cell counts of 10,600/ml (100% neutrophils) confirming the diagnosis of peritonitis, and cultures revealing pan-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Catheter dysfunction continued after radiologic intervention and was surgically removed the next day, and the patient was transitioned to oral ciprofloxacin. The patient continued to complain of worsening nausea and left lower quadrant abdominal pain and developed worsening leukocytosis over the next 2 days. Intravenous cefepime was restarted, and repeat CT scans revealed fluid collections with rim enhancement in the right and left lower quadrants concerning for abdominal abscesses (Figures 1 and 2). Aspirate cultures revealed pan-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient was continued on intravenous cefepime for 3 weeks, with subsequent imaging revealing resolution of the abscesses.


To investigate the mechanism of frost wedging in fractured low‐porosity bedrock, we monitored the opening of an artificial 4 mm wide and 80 mm deep crack, cut 20 mm from the end of a rectangular granite block. Two freezing protocols were employed – top‐down and bottom‐up, the former consisting of short‐ and long‐term variants, lasting 1 and 53 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate that (i) in 1‐day experiments, maximum crack widening during top‐down freezing is around 0.11 mm, while bottom‐up freezing produces only 0.02 mm of deformation; (ii) neither ice nor water pressure causes measurable irreversible crack widening during 1‐day tests; (iii) irreversible crack widening is only observed following the 53‐day experiment under top‐down freezing. Based on these results, we suggest (i) freezing direction plays a key role in determining the magnitude of crack widening; and (ii) freezing duration could be essential for crack propagation. The fracturing is both time‐dependent and subcritical; thus, persistent freezing in winter could actually be the active period of crack propagation. This allows us to propose a simplified method to calculate ice pressure according to crack widening. Here we show how freezing direction and duration in ice‐filled cracks control the path‐dependent efficacy of frost‐wedging. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


• the establishment of an Inter-Agency Working Group for promoting and enhancing Communication for Development within the United Nations System; • the integration of Communication for Development principles and methodologies into programme planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation, and their incorporation into CCA/ UNDAF guidelines; • and the engagement of greater coherence and coordination of Communication for Development at the country level.


Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body's attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which an ambient temperature influences sleep–wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus—a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ–aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep–wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep–wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep–wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.


Informed consent is commonly held to be a modern development that is linked with legal aftermaths. This paper presents the historical origins of this troublesome theme from 1753 to 1896. Hopefully, current adversarial attitudes would become minimal while surgical sagacity would fructify freely.


The title complexes (I) undergo carbonyl displacement with nucleophilic ligands (phosphines, phosphites) to give complexes such as (III), (IIIb) is too unstable to be isolated.


This paper discusses the selection assessment of expressway toll collection systems by looking at the following aspects: (1) the operating modes of toll collection systems; (2) performance indices of toll collection systems, including the average passing rate of toll lanes, average delay time, toll collection rate and administration efficiency; (3) economical indices related to toll collection systems; and (4) assessment methods for toll collection systems. The study in this paper can conduct the selection and design of toll collection systems.


The quantitative microstructural analysis and the sieve analysis of copper powder as well as the scanning electron microscopy analysis of the copper powders particles were performed. It was found that the structure of the copper powder particles determines the apparent density of copper powder. The powder particles from the same fractions of different powders occupy approximately the same volume, but the structure of metallic copper is very different. This causes the difference in apparent densities of copper powder obtained under different conditions. The more dendritic is the structure of powder particles the smaller is the apparent density of copper powder.


To detect capsule depression defects in the process of filling pharmaceutical granules with medicinal hollow capsules, we consider using stochastic gradient descent and deep learning to defect detection for the medicinal hollow capsule. Firstly, A background-weakening method based on image filtering is introduced for the surface defects of medicinal capsules under complex background. Then, combined with the acquisition and feature extraction of capsule images in the actual production process, we propose a YOLO-OL object detection method based on image contour extraction method. The proposed method is validated on an online detection platform under a complex background to verity their accuracy and practicability. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the YOLOv3 and traditional edge extraction algorithms, and the detection method has good robustness.


Internet worms have drawn a significant attention owing to their enormous threats to the Internet infrastructure and services. In order to effectively defend against them, this paper proposes a novel epidemic SEIQRS model with graded infection rates for Internet worms. Using this SEIQRS model, we obtain the basic reproduction number for determining whether the worm dies out completely. The global stabilities of worm-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are proved, and determined by the basic reproduction number. The impact of different parameters of this model is studied. Simulation results show that the number of susceptible and infected hosts are consistent with theoretical analysis. The model provides a theoretical foundation for control and forecasting for Internet worms.


Plasma Opening Switch conduction phase duration adjustment has a practical importance for several POS applications. They are POS synchronization and increase of energy and current density coming through the POS. The report represents the results of both experiments and simulations on POS conduction phase duration on experimental test-bench.


The SWEGOT lexical resources framework consists of a database model, sample SQL scripts for database update, configuration text files, and program files written in the PHP programming language providing an easy-to-use web interface for searching, comparing and accessing collections of lexical data, such as glossaries. The database model is flexible and additional resources can easily be added with limited configuration needs. The user interface provides several methods for limiting the search results and the presentation grid as suitable for the user. An advanced query interface facilitates comparisons between different lexical resources such as 'entries found in BookA and BookC, but not in BookB'. Actual access to each lexical resource is provided via image files or links to external resources, as defined separately for each 'book'.