Objective
To analyze the value of MRI in the diagnosis of anteromedial bundle(AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) tears in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods
MRI of 141 knees undergoing ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed with using arthroscopy as golden standard to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of MRI to predict AMB and PLB injury conditions. The interval time between MRI and arthroscopic ACL reconstruction was 4 days to 29 days. The median time was 11 days. The injury patterns of AMB and PLB was observed on MRI and classified into normal type, partial tear and complete tear. Using the arthroscopic findings as the golden standard, MRI diagnostic accuracy of AMB and PLB tears was compared with Chi-square test.

Results
Thirteen cases(9.2%, 13/141) with isolated bundle injury were identified in the arthroscopic assessments among 141 patients, including 11 cases with isolated AMB injury and 2 cases with isolated PLB injury. Combined AMB and PLB injury were all identified in the remaining 128 knees (90.8%, 128/141). There was statistical difference between the incidence rate of isolated bundle injury and double-bundles injury (χ2=6.532, P=0.011). Partial tear was defined as partially torn or interrupted fiber bundles with remaining normal fiber bundles. Complete tear was defined as the fiber bundles in the expected region of the ligament were completely discontinuous. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in prediction of AMB injury was better than PLB [85.8% (121/141) versus 72.3% (102/141); χ2=7.737, P=0.005]. There was no statistical difference between the accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosis of partial AMB and PLB tear [77.8% (14/18) versus 50.0% (15/30); χ2=3.630, P=0.057]. There was no statistical difference between the accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosis of complete AMB and PLB tear[87.6% (106/121) versus 84.0% (84/100); χ2=0.589, P=0.443]. There was no statistical difference between the accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosis of partial and complete AMB tear (χ2=1.282, P=0.258). There was statistical difference between the accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosis of partial and complete PLB tear (χ2= 14.690, P=0.001).

Conclusions
Complete AMB and PLB tear are the common injury patterns among patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, while an isolated AMB or PLB tear is uncommon. MRI is of value in the diagnosis of ACL injury. MRI can accurately diagnose complete AMB tear, complete PLB tear and partial AMB tear, but the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in assessing partial PLB tear needs to be improved.

Key words:
Anterior cruciate ligament; Wounds and injury; Magnetic resonance imaging


This contribution presents a novel resampling scheme that leverages Gaussian Processes (GPs) to more accurately approximate the posterior distribution from a set of random measures and, ultimately, enhance resampling by sampling from such approximation. Resampling is a critical step in particle filtering, impacting its estimation performance and parallelization capabilities. The approach can be seen as a kernel-based density approximation. As a byproduct, we are able to i) derive an explicit formula for minimum mean squared error (MMSE) state estimation, and ii) provide a well defined optimization problem for determining the maximum a posteriori (MAP) state estimation. The results on a target tracking problem show the performance improvements of the so-called Gaussian Process Particle Filter (GPPF) when compared to standard particle filtering.


The compression and decompression behaviors of graphite oxide have been investigated using in situ Raman measurements in a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature. The so-called G band (in-plane E2g mode ∼1600 cm-1) was followed to 49 GPa during compression and back to ambient under decompression. The Raman frequency of the G band increases sublinearly with increasing hydrostatic pressure, eventually nearly flattening out at the highest pressure measured. This trend is reversed upon decompression, fully recovering to the ambient spectrum. The increased broadening suggests a reversible disordering of the structure without significant sp2-sp3 rehybridization under pressure.


The modern long poem as a flexible generic hybrid incorporates lyric intensity and epic scope. This experimental long poem as an epic, unlike the traditional epic whose public significance excluded women, encourages women poets to place their marginalized experiences within the proper contexts. Adopting experimental elements from the epics of male modernists, women poets can develop the particular mode of a female epic to express their personal experiences through intimate lyrics. As a consequence of having women`s experiences at its center, the female epic can bring the discourse of oppressed marginality into the genre of the dominant patriarchy. Anne Stevenson`s Correspondences: A Family History in Letters; exemplifies revisionist women poets` long poems as epics. The Puritan idealism of American history is central to Correspondences in which Puritan values represent the patriarchal ideology of America`s epistolary past. While Correspondences conveys the epic scale of American Puritanism with its epistolary reproduction of past history, it foregrounds the marginalized experiences of women through elaborate interweaving of personal lyrics. Revealing the other side of dominant history, the foregrounding of women`s experiences makes it possible to substantiate female identity especially through motherhood Female identity seen through motherhood can suggest the basis for a reciprocal vision to the traditional, male-centered values of rational independence. Because of this vision in the dialogue with male-centered values, Correspondences, rather than rejecting the male tradition of epics, revises its central elements through transformative adoption.


four days after admission, the first biopsy tissue from a node removed from the left axilla was diagnosed as a " slowly growing lympho-blastoma."


In the practice of medicine many diagnostic tests are performed to aid in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Nose and throat physician was bitten and the swab was swallowed. X-rays (Fig 2) taken immediately showed the swab with the free end lodged in the midesophagus, while cultures are probably one of the most frequent tests done by all physicians. Several years ago a flexible braided wire swab (Fig 1) was designed at this medical center by Dr. William L. Bradford, Professor of Pediatrics. Time has proven the effectiveness of such a swab for obtaining nasopharyngeal cultures in children. The following cases are reported to demonstrate an unusual hazard accompanying the use of nasopharyngeal swabs. Reports of Cases Case1.—A 12-month-old Negro boy was seen in the emergency room with a three-day history of fever, sore throat, anorexia, stuffy nose, and cough. Physical examination showed an infected pharynx, inflammed tonsils, and


A new stochastic volatility(SV)method to estimate the conditional value at risk(CVaR)is put forward.Firstly,it makes use of SV model to forecast the volatility of return.Secondly,the Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)simulation and Gibbs sampling have been used to estimate the parameters in the SV model.Thirdly,in this model,CVaR calculation is immediate.In this way,the SV-CVaR model overcomes the drawbacks of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity value at risk(GARCH-VaR)model.Empirical study suggests that this model is better than GARCH-VaR model in this field.


At present, higher vocational education develops rapidly in our country and has provided lots of senior applicable personnel to our society. The employment work of graduate has had marked success, but there are still various problems in the development of higher vocational education. Here the author makes an analysis and proposes some suggestions on it.


New Zealand education system's leaders have learned to dialogue with the people to get things done. This policy-to-practice success factor has contributed to improved local governance and management, a world-class curriculum and a strong commitment to appreciating identity and dual heritage through the Treaty of Waitangi. Now New Zealand leaders are in dialogue with the people to re-imagine success in education. A new policy called Communities-of-Learning – Kāhui Ako – is an avenue to activate the new success. The New Zealand presentation at Workshop 2 will reveal some of the early collaborative successes, such as the value of community-designed learning frameworks, collective advantage across schools and tracking learning trends.


A malicious Internet attack can hide in large amounts of official data on unbalanced network traffic. At Cyberspace, it uses a high level of encryption and blurring, making it difficult for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) to ensure the accuracy of detection and timeliness. Machine learning and in-depth learning are investigated in this study to detect unequal network intrusion data. To address the problem of class inequality, it offers a novel How to Set a Difficult Sample (DSSTE). To get started, break up the unbalanced training set in challenging and easy sets using the nearby neighboring fixed method (ENN). Then, using the KMeans method, compress most of the data.


The effects of fenpyroximate on soil respiration and catalase activity in soil were studied.The resultsshowed,fenpyroximate had some effects on soil respiration,the soil respiration was restrained for a long time,after 15days,the 1mg/kg samples came consistent,while the 5mg/kg samples and 10mg/kg samples were restrained all the time.The concentration of fenpyroximate also had some effects on catalase activity.When the concentration waslower(1,10 mg/kg),the catalase activity of soil was lightly restrained first,then stimulated,at last came back.Whilethe concentration was higher(40,80 mg/kg),the catalase activity of soil was restrained first,then stimulated,restrainedagain and came back,and after 28 days the catalase activity of using fenpyroximate soil and CK soil came consistent.The experiments showed fenpyroximate had little harm to the microorganism in soil,it was a low toxicity or non-realharm pesticide.


Opposing theoretical predictions on the effects of trade preferences on multilateral tariff cuts point to the need for empirical analysis to determine whether preferential trade agreements promote or hinder multilateral trade liberalization. This paper examines the impact of Japan's trade preferences on its multi-lateral tariff reductions. Using detailed product level data, we find that Japan's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) acted as a stumbling block for the country's external tariff liberalization during the Uruguay Round of multi-lateral trade negotiations. JEL-Code: F130, F140.


The paper presents a visualization technique for interconnected grid based on GIS(Geographic Information System).Firstly,the disadvantages of traditional visualization technique for interconnected grid are analyzed,and it gives a new visualization method and interaction design,including grading filters,multi-angle display,multi-loop display technology.The design of visualization tool is described,which focuses on the openness,performance,capability of secondary development of the tool.Finally,the application construction method based on the visualization tools is studied.


The Visually Coupled Acquisition Targeting System (VCATS) was initiated by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Air Combat Command (ACC) to perform the risk reduction activities for developing a helmet-mounted tracker/display (HMT/D) in the air-to-air engagement arena. VCATS started as a one-year Operational Utility Evaluation (OUE) at Nellis Air Force Base (AFB), but expanded into a seven-year OUE, examining the human performance issues and the operational impacts of using an HMT/D for aircrews (See Figure 1). The VCATS system was designed and built with foresight and flexibility to allow upgrades more easily as technology and operational concepts evolved. This paper will trace this evolution of the VCATS system through initial design concept, system upgrades, technology transitions, and lessons learned.


Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a well-established approach to information management which facilitates the access to a (single) relational data source through the mediation of a high-level ontology, and the use of a declarative mapping linking the data layer to the ontology. We formally introduce here the notion of ontology-based data federation (OBDF) to denote a framework that combines OBDA with a data federation layer where multiple, possibly heterogeneous sources are virtually exposed as a single relational database. We discuss opportunities and challenges of OBDF, and provide techniques to deliver efficient query answering in an OBDF setting. Such techniques are validated through an extensive experimental evaluation based on the Berlin SPARQL Benchmark.


To determine the current incidence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HEk) in a healthy blood donor population, 1,893 donors were screened for anti‐HBc. Forty‐one (2.16%) were found to be initially positive and 35 (1.85%) repeatably positive. Sera from the repeatably positive donors were further screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by dot hybridisation. The repeatably positive donors were subsequently recalled for further investigation, and their peripheral blood lymphoyctes were also screened for HBV DNA by dot hybridisation. Eighteen (51.4%) of the anti‐HBc‐positive donors were also anti‐HBs‐positive. HBV DNA was not detected in the serum or the lymphocytes of any of the anti‐HBc‐positive donors.


Design and manufacturing techniques of printed circuit boards (PCB's) ha ve advanced from early one or two-layer structures t o the multilayer boards where ten or more layers are no longer uncommon. These give additi onal routing space, potential decrease in de vice size and various design possibilities like solid ground and power planes. Unfortunatel y multilayer boards are vulnerable to high coupling between signal vias especially due to PCB resonances. In this study via crosscoupling is investigated on multilayer PCB's. Special attention is given to the coupling due to resonances and vertically aligned blind vias. Problem is approached from the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) point of view and hi gh accuracy of measurements or models is not the objective. Instead ways to increase isolation are considered important. EMC is considered to include internal functionality of the device. Analytical methods are used t o calculate resonant frequencies, fields and qualit y factors for simple rectangular structures. The PCB cavity is reduced to two-dimensions for numerical calculation of same quantities. Aplac finite-difference time-domain simulator is used t o model coupling due to PCB resonances. Isolation between vertically aligned blind vias is esti mated analytically. A quasi -static numerical model is used t o study a coaxial via structure. Multilayer test boards are constructed for measurement purposes. Si mplified resonator structures on twolayer boards are used t o test di fferent methods to increase is olation. Measurements show that high coupling between vias may occur due to PCB resonances. This leads t o the situati on, where previously used isolation methods bet ween vias are not necessarily effective enough. Several means t o reduce effects of PCB resonances are des cribed in this study. Measured and modelled results agree well from an EMC point of view. Coupling due to vertically aligned blind vias is also shown to be high. A simple capacitance model may be used to approximate this up t o frequencies where the d ynamic wave nature of the board starts to be important. From a PCB desi gner's point of view these results mean that when the board size is not small compared t o the wavelength, there i s a possibility of resonances and reduction methods have to be taken int o account. Also placement of the vias have to be carefully selected espe cially if blind or buried vias are used.


and negotiations have moved to London and Geneva, the broad outlines of a new WTO agreement are emerging from the haze. Advocates of meaningful economic development cannot be happy with what they see. As the Doha negotiations limp toward an illdefined finish line, it is not surprising that many developing country negotiators are asking themselves if the emerging deal is better than no deal at all. The round began with vows to enable poorer nations to develop their economies. The deal taking shape now offers limited economic gains for the developing world as a whole, and many countries end up worse off, according to recent economic projections. Hidden behind those modest benefits are costs that should give negotiators pause. Tariff losses and other "adjustment costs" may be prohibitively high, some countries will experience a loss in national production after opening their manufacturing and services sectors to rich-country competition, and all face the loss of autonomy to pursue the kinds of national development policies that have proven effective in the past.


For the fieldgeologist, "Unconformity" is one of the important object to survey. Especially, in the field of economic geology, it has come to be considered as the important oil trapper. However, unconformity has much variation of its scale and character. We propose the following definition of unconformity and it's classification because we wish to avoid the confusion and the obscurity on the practical treatment of unconformity.The definition: unconformity is a phenomenon that a group of strata is separated from another by a plane which shows interruption of sedimentation. And the plane is named as "Plane of unconformtiy".The classification:a. Classification by appearance1. Clino-unconformity2. Para-unconformityb. Classification by spacial extention3. Regional unconformity4. Partial unconformity5. Local unconformityc. Classification by bio-stratigraphy6. Bio-discontinuous unconformity7. Bio-continuous unconformity8. Bio-discontinuous conformity-like unconfomityAll unconformity represent by the combination of these 8 classification. We add the classificationmark showing these combination.


Polymers are increasingly replacing conventional materials such as wood, metals, natural fibers. This is due to a number of advantages of polymer materials over classic ones: increased chemical resistance to aggressive environments, high strength indicators and durability in the operation of products. In addition, polymeric materials are actively used in the food industry.
The use of polymer packaging is reaching global proportions. Improving production technologies and formulations allows to create new polymer composites with improved properties, which gives the rapid growth of the polymer industry.
In order to impart the necessary properties, fillers are introduced into the polymeric material. By introducing such additives into the polymer, it is possible to control the properties of the material obtained, for example, viscosity, density, transparency, bactericidal and other important properties.
The article considers the influence of shungite on the operational properties of the finished composite based on low-pressure polyethylene.
The research results showed that the composite obtained provides the highest characteristics with respect to light reflection and absorption for all wavelength regions that are important during operation, has bactericidal properties, and it has been proved that in the shungite-filled polymer, a shift in the temperature of the onset of thermal degradation towards higher temperatures is observed. The composite acquires higher operational and physico-mechanical properties.


The aim of this work is to design a decentralized DC capacitor voltage balancing controller for high voltage multilevel modular converters in direct current cable transmission systems within and from off-shore wind farms to inland. The high voltage direct current (HVDC) system has been designed to transfer electric power from off-shore generators to inland substations. Carried out simulations of 81-level converter system included the stress testing of developed decentralized algorithms in order to confirm their performance. Additional closed loop power control system has been developed and implemented. It was demonstrated that the developed decentralized converter system is able to balance the capacitor divider voltages and can operate on a reduced subset of levels to provide redundancy. Functionality of the whole HVDC system has been tested by simulation of the dynamics of its parameters within the specified values.


In this paper, a delay compensation feedback controller based on reinforcement learning is proposed to adjust the time interval of the adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle agents in the traffic congestion by introducing the proximal policy optimization (PPO) scheme. The high‐speed traffic flow is characterized by a two‐by‐two Aw Rasle Zhang nonlinear first‐order partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike the backstepping delay compensation control,23 the PPO controller proposed in this paper consists of the current traffic flow velocity, the current traffic flow density and the previous one step control input. Since the system dynamics of the traffic flow are difficult to be expressed mathematically, the control gains of the three feedback can be determined via learning from the interaction between the PPO and the digital simulator of the traffic system. The performance of Lyapunov control, backstepping control and PPO control are compared with numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that PPO control is superior to Lyapunov control in terms of the convergence rate and control efforts for the traffic system without delay. As for the traffic system with unstable input delay value, the performance of PPO controller is also equivalent to that of backstepping controller. Besides, PPO is more robust than backstepping controller when the parameter is sensitive to Gaussian noise.


Categorical data obtained from real-world domains are commonly imbalanced, as they often present more number of samples belonging to one of the classes. Imbalanced data tends to be a problem for classifiers, as the majority class biased them and affects overall performance. Among the techniques used for dealing with imbalanced data sets, data augmentation (DA) constitutes an alternative, as it can improve the accuracy of prediction for the minority class (usually the relevant one), but usually at the cost of a loss regarding predictions of the majority one. To benefit from both behaviours, we introduce in this study a meta-classifier scheme that works as a mixture of two classifiers, one trained with the original data and the second one trained using augmented data. The experiments carried out with 12 imbalanced data sets, 5 of them obtained from the TCGA database related to cancer survival prediction, show an improvement in accuracy, area under the ROC curve and Matthews correlation coefficient values compared to the results obtained using the original data sets.


The spectra of depolarized light scattered by liquid SF6 have been obtained for states along the co-existence curve. They can be decomposed into a broad background and a narrow component. The intensity of the latter amounts to about 80 per cent and 65 per cent of the total depolarized intensity near the critical point and the triple point, respectively, and decreases with increasing density. In a restricted frequency range ⩽-20 cm-1 its line-shape is roughly a lorentzian with a half width of around 6 cm-1. This component is explained by the so-called 'dipole-induced dipole' effect (DID) and is assumed to reflect the collective motion of a molecule and its neighbours. The background is of rather exponential shape and its intensity is almost constant within experimental uncertainty in the density range studied. It is assumed that this behaviour reflects the increased importance of short-range contributions to the polarizability anisotropy at high densities in addition to the classical DID term.


Coupled-mode equations are presented for an interdigital transducer for leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs). We introduce two immittance elements: the real parts of two immittances represent the propagation loss due to back-scattered bulk waves and the radiation loss due to bulk waves excited by electrodes; the imaginary parts represent the energy storage effect due to nonradiated bulk waves. Assuming that the immittances can be approximated with functions of frequency which were proposed by Abbott and Hashimoto for the coupling coefficient between LSAWs and bulk waves under shorted gratings, we demonstrate good approximations of dispersion curves for infinite shorted and open gratings on a 36° Y-X LiTaO3 substrate.


PURPOSE
To determine the accuracy of bibliographic citations in three widely circulated nursing journals, RN, Nursing Management, and Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Accurate citations facilitate retrieval of the cited documents and establish the judgment and credibility of authors.

DESIGN
Descriptive, comparative.

METHODS
A random sample of 60 references per journal published July 1995 to June 1996 was reviewed for citation and quotation accuracy. Errors were classified as major or minor. Data were analyzed using the SAS statistical package.

FINDINGS
Of the 180 references, 58 (32%) had citation errors, with 43 of 58 errors classified as major errors, which made retrieval of the cited work difficult; 12 of the 180 articles contained a major quotation error, including four instances where the content of the original article contradicted or was unrelated to the author's contention.

CONCLUSIONS
The rate of citation and quotation errors in the three sampled nursing journals is comparable to rates previously reported for medical and nursing journals. Errors of citation and quotation diminish the value of published papers.


We developed a pet care robot that can be controlled outdoors. Through the smartphone application, the pet owners can watch the situation in the house and manipulate the robot to make their pet happy. The video data in the house is transmitted to the application through the webcam installed at the house. The robot can not only perform user's command but also do six basic macro action. The obstacle avoidance function using the current sensor can be activated if the user want to use. When the robot hits to something, it moves back and rotates by arbitrary angle, and then moves forward.


The invention relates to a mirror mount (1) for the interior (4) of a motor vehicle (K), wherein the mirror mount (1) an interior rearview mirror (3) and a camera (2) are fastened at the same time. It is proposed according to the invention that the mirror mount at least two in the assembled state of the mirror mount (1) downwardly projecting arms (10) having (1) on the front side (W) which are connected together by at least one transverse strut (11). The camera (2) is arrangeable in the fastening condition between said arms (10) and at least for the most part above the interior rearview mirror (3). By such a mirror mount (1) is allowed, the camera (2) at any time to activate easily accessible, wherein the field of view of a driver is not limited in operation of the camera (2).


The paper presents industrial cyber-physical system for two robots interaction in configuration workstation for lenses assembly. Robots interact with each other through the smart space infrastructure, which is developed based on Smart-M3 information sharing platform. Authors focus on the reference model of proposed system and its implementation for flexible automated assembly line (agile automated assembly line ≪3AL≫) accessible in the research laboratory of the ITMO University.


A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of lubricating worm gears with bonded solid film lubricants. An apparatus for determining gear efficiency and lubrican film wear-life was fabricated. Several tests using conventional oil lubrication were conducted to establish baseline gear efficiency data. Efficiency and wear-life tests were made with four solid lubricant films, two of them incorporating MoS2 and Sb2O3 in organic polyimide resin binders, and two using MoS2, graphite and gold or bismuth in an aluminum phosphate or sodium silicate binder. Experimental data indicate that solid film lubrication of worm gears is feasible, without a serious loss of efficiency in situations where limited wear-life is acceptable. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference held in Chicago, Illinois, October 17–19, 1967.


The mode-switching phenomenon of PSR B0329+54 is investigated based on the long-term monitoring from 2003 September to 2009 April made with the Urumqi 25 m radio telescope at 1540 MHz. At that frequency, the change of relative intensity between the leading and trailing components is the predominant feature of mode switching. The intensity ratios between the leading and trailing components are measured for the individual profiles averaged over a few minutes. It is found that the ratios follow normal distributions, where the abnormal mode has a greater typical width than the normal mode, indicating that the abnormal mode is less stable than the normal mode. Our data show that 84.9% of the time for PSR B0329+54 was in the normal mode and 15.1% was in the abnormal mode. From the two passages of eight-day quasi-continuous observations in 2004, supplemented by the daily data observed with the 15 m telescope at 610 MHz at Jodrell Bank Observatory, the intrinsic distributions of mode timescales are constrained with the Bayesian inference method. It is found that the gamma distribution with the shape parameter slightly smaller than 1 is favored over the normal, log-normal, and Pareto distributions. The optimal scale parameters of the gamma distribution are 31.5 minutes for the abnormal mode and 154 minutes for the normal mode. The shape parameters have very similar values, i.e., 0.75+0.22 − 0.17 for the normal mode and 0.84+0.28 − 0.22 for the abnormal mode, indicating that the physical mechanisms in both modes may be the same. No long-term modulation of the relative intensity ratios was found for either mode, suggesting that the mode switching was stable. The intrinsic timescale distributions, constrained for this pulsar for the first time, provide valuable information to understand the physics of mode switching.


Classical credibility models provide for predictive claims in linear form. For example, the Buhlmann and the Buhlmann-Straub credibility models express the next period's claims as a weighted average of historical claims arising from each group's own experience and the entire portfolio's experience. The weight that is attached to the own experience reflects a credibility factor. These classical models typically assume claim independence. In this paper, we extend the notion of predicting the next period's claims by relaxing these independence assumptions. We specify claim dependence structure using the concept of copula models. This has in recent years received considerable attention for modelling dependencies. This paper extends the models offered by Frees and Wang (2005) and Yeo and Valdez (2004) that respectively used the frameworks of copula models and common effects. Here we find that the predictive claim can be expressed as an expectation under a new probability measure (in effect, a change of measure) which reflects the ratio of the densities of the copulas relating to the historical claims. We examine this expectation for different families of copulas and in several instances, we find we are able to explicitly express the predictive claim in terms of historical claims, and as we suspect, these predictive claims are no longer linear in form. * Presenter.


Hans Holbein the Younger's double portrait of Jean de Dinteville, Sieur de Polisy, and Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur (Fig. 1), which now hangs in the National Gallery in London under the title of The Ambassadors , must surely count as one of the best-known and most admired works in any British collection. It has also generated a substantial body of scholarly literature, whose most significant recent contribution is the catalogue produced to accompany the 1997–8 National Gallery exhibition dedicated to The Ambassadors , which was prompted by the completion of the work's conservation in 1996. 1 Remarkably, however, very little attention has been devoted to the relationship between the painting's two sitters. Though many commentators have assumed that Dinteville and Selve were friends, and/or that they are represented as such in The Ambassadors , 2 no case has ever been made for these interpretations; moreover, their implications for the meaning of Holbein's portrait as a whole have never been addressed. Indeed, rather more has been written on the scientific and musical instruments arranged between the two sitters, the identification and interpretation of which has in many cases proved rather a challenge. This range of still-life objects was doubtless intended to demonstrate Holbein's eye-catching virtuosity in the precise and illusionistic representation of complex three-dimensional forms, 3 and at the time that The Ambassadors was painted, many of the scientific instruments


The standard of care in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer has seen a rapid evolution over the past 10 years. In clinical practice, combination regimens consisting of a fluoropyrimidine plus either irinotecan or oxaliplatin now commonly form the backbone for the addition of a biologic agent. In the first-line setting, this biologic agent is routinely bevacizumab; in subsequent lines of therapy, antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are introduced, again mainly in combination with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Presently ongoing clinical trials focus almost exclusively on defining the best strategy to integrate these biologic agents into palliative (or adjuvant) treatment algorithms, or on biomarkerdriven patient selection (eg, by using KRAS mutations to select a patient population with a greater likelihood of responding to EGFRtargeted approaches). Based on this current generation of ongoing trials, one might think that all pertinent questions related to conventional chemotherapy in colorectal cancer have been solved, and that it is time to move on beyond the nonselective, one-size-fits-all treatment decisions to a more sophisticated approach toward colorectal cancer. Indeed, the past 10 years have seen a plethora of definitive results from clinical trials which have shaped our current standard treatment approaches. We have learned that infusional fluorouracil (FU) is a much more appropriate backbone for the addition of irinotecan and/or oxaliplatin than bolus FU. We have seen that capecitabine can serve as substitute for FU in combination regimens with oxaliplatin, but that combinations with irinotecan can be problematic. Eventually, we have recognized that with all treatment options available, one particular treatment sequence is not superior to another, but that within clinical trials, the overall survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is tightly correlated with the percentage of patients who are treated with all three active agents, fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. In view of all this knowledge on conventional chemotherapy, what could a trial of second-line irinotecan alone versus irinotecan plus oxaliplatin (IROX) after failure of FU/leucovorin (LV) tell us about palliative treatment algorithms in colorectal cancer in 2008? Currently, at least in the United States, few patients are treated with FU/LV alone as first-line therapy, and definitive first-line results with IROX are available from the pivotal phase III N9741 trial in which it was found to be inferior to FOLFOX4, but superior to IFL (bolus FU/LV plus irinotecan). In this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, Haller et al present the results of a phase III trial in advanced colorectal cancer which 628 patients who had shown tumor progression FU/LV were randomly assigned to either irinotecan or IROX. It is important to note that the time of patient accrual (January 2001 to April 2004) largely predates the era of biologics in colorectal cancer, and even oxaliplatin was not routinely available everywhere during that time. Haller et al report that IROX was found to be the superior second-line therapy with regard to overall survival, time to tumor progression, response rate, and improvement in tumor-related symptoms. In fact, the median overall survival for both arms was in the upper range of expectation, with 11.1 months and 13.4 months for irinotecan and IROX, respectively. The incremental gain in median progression-free survival (2.5 months) achieved with IROX over irinotecan alone translated almost exactly into the same incremental gain in overall survival. This finding is notable given the relatively high percentage of patients (46%) in the irinotecan arm who subsequently received an oxaliplatin-based therapy, although almost half of these patients received oxaliplatin as single agent in third-line therapy which is know to have very limited activity. The results of the Haller et al trial are very similar to the findings of N9841, a phase III trial which randomly assigned 491 patients in second-line after FU/LV failure to either irinotecan or FOLFOX4 with optional cross-over in third-line therapy. The overall survival for both arms was remarkably long but not statistically different (14.7 months for irinotecan, 13.5 months for FOLFOX4), conceivably due to the high rate of cross-over (51% for FOLFOX4, 38% for irinotecan). These results again highlight the sequence-independent overall survival effect of utilizing all three active cytotoxic agents in the course of therapy. The clinical relevance of the findings of Haller et al are strengthened by their inclusion of a standardized assessment of tumorrelated symptoms (TRS) in their study to provide information on patient benefit. This assessment recorded a combined metric of patient-reported variables (self-assessed pain intensity, patientassessed performance status), objectives measures (weight, analgesic use by diaries), and investigator-assessed performance status. Patients on IROX experienced an improvement in TRS compared with irinotecan alone, a result which nicely complements—and goes beyond— the tumor-related parameters demonstrating superiority of IROX. The trial convincingly shows the feasibility and added value by using patient-reported outcome measures in study designs. The trial results raise the question of whether IROX should now be considered the optimal second-line therapy after FU/LV JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 26 NUMBER 28 OCTOBER 1 2008


Although prenatal alcohol causes growth retardation, mood disorders, adverse outcomes, and congenital disabilities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are not well diagnosed. In the world of alcohol spectrum disorders, 0.77, in Europe and North America, a high increase of 2-5%, which highlights the need for increased diagnostics and treatment. However, the history of self-reported breastfeeding has been weakened by fidelity, the absence of physical symptoms, and disorders of the fetus alcohol spectrum—There are various diagnostic differences in the system and ways to slow progress in diagnosing and controlling the disease. Neuroimaging brain structure, cortical Development, White Matter microstructure, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders show abnormalities in functional connections in human beings. These approaches to disability development change as well as integration, high performance, memory, hearing, vision, behavior, ability to move. Promising trials of nutritional interventions and psychiatric medications continue with the goal of treatment. With 6,837 participants from the United States, the Netherlands, Italy, and Australia in 27 research projects, this book review evaluates the effectiveness of this process, which includes mindfulness, vipassana, and meditation. Meditation practitioners were able to reduce the reasons for drinking and get rid of alcohol cravings by strengthening awareness and self-control, which led to increased alcohol-related self-control, reduced stress, and eventually stopped drinking excessively. These results support the use of meditation in alcohol treatment programs. In addition, suggestions are being made to improve this strategy to effectively address alcohol abuse. -Meditation is a promising cure for alcoholism. This series of 16-week cases was designed to gather initial data on the effectiveness of meditation and evaluate the feasibility of research methods. Nineteen adults who relied on alcohol were enrolled in a hospital stay. Patients were randomized to either a standard course of chlordiazepoxide four times daily with additional medication as needed (fixed-schedule therapy) or to a treatment regimen that provided chlordiazepoxide only in response to the development of the signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (symptom-triggered therapy). The need for administration of "as-needed" medication was determined using a validated measure of the severity of alcohol withdrawal.


A sample of 101 Year 8 and Year 9 boys of Australian and Italian descent was divided into quartile groups according to silent reading comprehension scores. The students' oral reading was recorded on reel-to-reel tape and the resulting miscues categorized using Goodman and Burke's criteria. Accuracy and self-correction rates were also analysed along with real-word and non-word corrections. In addition a comparison of educational and occupational attainments of the mothers and fathers of both Australian and Italian populations was made. All groups used semantic and syntactic cues quite well on easy passages, but as text difficulty increased, more use was made of the graphophonic cueing system, with the higher ability groups retaining the semantic and syntactic cueing systems longer. When oral reading accuracy was examined at the four comprehension levels, the lowest level Italian group read more accurately than the equivalent Australian students.


One of millennial generation is students, they tend to use internet and gadget actively. So that, it may cause some tendencies such as narcissistic and apathy. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of information technology towards the narcissistic and apathy tendencies. The sample of the research is conducted to 263 of under graduate students at one of private university in Bandung - Indonesia. The method in this research used quantitative and descriptive method. While statistic method is used to assess the influence between ICT towards narcissistic and apathy tendencies. The results of this research showed that 72% of participants checked their social media more than 5 times per day and the highest number of user of social media is Instagram, 37% of participants used it. Whereas, from this research also can be seen there is positive correlation between information communication and technology (social media) towards narcissistic tendency (r = .06, p < .002) and also there is positive correlation between information communication and technology (social media) towards apathy (r = 002, p < .001), whereas the correlation between apathy and narcissistic has negative correlation (r = −.28, p < .001).


Medicine and public health are evidence-based fields, yet many of our programs do not receive close scrutiny as to whether they are meeting their objectives. This observation applies to both new programs and older programs. To be sure, our accountants can and will tell us when billings fall below expenses and when charging market-level fees is insufficient to meet payroll. Whether our programs are achieving clinical or community health goals may not be assessed with equal precision, however. Innovation abounds in primary care and community health practice. New programs are launched annually in many communities. Local foundations support nonprofit groups heroically struggling with intransigent social problems. Primary care clinics occasionally experiment with practice changes in an effort to modify lifestyle, increase appropriate use of prevention services, or improve control over chronic diseases. Appropriate metrics for measuring the success of these innovations are readily available, yet staff members are often left wondering at the end of the year about how successful their efforts really were. The same problem applies to older programs. Programs that began a few years ago may be dwindling, with funders unsure as to when and whether they should begin to phase these programs out. Other programs are financially successful but may not be making much real difference in the health of the targeted populations. Quantitative impact evaluation studies would provide helpful guidance to these organizations and their sponsors. Unfortunately, the study designs most appropriate for these situations are not well understood. Although almost everyone has heard that the randomized experiment offers the gold standard in study design, few understand 2 important additional truths: (1) observational studies can provide useful and valid information if carefully conducted and cautiously interpreted, and (2) the results of randomized studies can be misleading. Most of us will acknowledge, however, that random assignment often is not practical in field situations. Nonrandomized impact evaluation studies are not a perfect solution but, carefully executed, can offer useful evidence in support of a program. Several nonrandomized ("observational") designs have been described for use in the health care field. Although observational designs are common in epidemiology, they are not fully accepted in biostatistics, experimental psychology, or the mainstream of clinical research, which focuses on drug trials. Even though epidemiologists use observational designs routinely to produce valid conclusions, inadvertent misuse of such designs is possible. Although the findings derived from nonrandom impact evaluations are in some ways "softer" than those from randomized experiments, performing observational studies well is more challenging than conducting a true experiment, because the interpretations might require more caveats and the statistical methods are more complex. Readers of this journal might benefit from some suggestions about how to undertake observational studies in field settings. These are presented as 3 errors and 3 tips. Keeping these simple rules in mind can make the difference between producing a publishable impact evaluation and conducting one that does not generate useful results.


The IAEA nuclear material safeguards system consists basically of two different parts. One is the data verification scheme: the operators of nuclear plants report all relevant data on nuclear material processed in the plant to the safeguards authority. These data are then verified by the safeguards authority with independent measurements. The other part is the material accountability scheme: in case there are no significant differences between the operator's and the safeguards authority's data, all of the operator's data are taken for the nuclear material balance establishment.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the overall probability of detection of this system in case someone tries to divert material. This evaluation takes into account the different diversion strategies available. It is complicated because the two decision functions on which the evaluation is based -- the difference between operator's and inspector's data and the difference between book and physical inventory -- are stochastically dependent. Exact formulas are derived and applied to a realistic case; it is shown that with a good approximation, one may neglect the correlation and thus, use simplified formulas.


This article is to presents an enhanced DE (differential evolution) through memory based mechanism of PSO (particle swarm optimization). Because of uses the memory concept of PSO, the proposed DE is termed as 'MBDE (memory based differential evolution)' where new mutation and crossover operators are introduced. This proposed technique is implemented on four typical benchmark functions available in literature. Experimental results prove that the proposed technique produce faster and more accurate solutions than classical DE, traditional PSO and PSODE (an effective hybrid variant of PSO and DE).


Background: Accurate prediction of motor recovery and functional outcome is difficult, but it is important for proper rehabilitative planning and poststroke care. Infarct location may be more important for some patients in determining eventual clinical outcome. Objectives: To study the functional outcome of ischemic stroke in relation to the site of lesion. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. All computed tomography confirmed ischemic stroke patients attending the outpatient department within 7 days of stroke onset were included in the study. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scoring was done on 7, 30, and 90 days poststroke. Site was categorized as cortical (C), subcortical (S), combined cortical and subcortical (CS), basal ganglia (BG), or combined cortical, subcortical, and BG. Results: Ninety patients with mean age of 58.26 ± 7.021 years in the range of 45–70 years were studied. Males constituted 55.6% of the total participants. The site of lesion was in BG in majority of cases 37 (41.1%), subcortical in 31 (34.4%) cases, and cortical in 20 (22.2%) cases. Mean FIM score was highest 53.70 (±13.2) when the site of lesion was in BG. The mean FIM scores differed significantly between the different sites of lesion (P = 0.000) at subsequent follow-up examinations. Post hoc test further revealed that there was statistically significant differences in the FIM scores between BG and all the other sites of lesion at baseline and at subsequent follow-up. Conclusion: Site of lesion influenced the functional outcome significantly early on and at 30 days and 90 days after stroke, and the most favorable outcome was observed when the site of lesion was in BG.


Motivated by the study of deletion channels, this paper presents improved bounds on the number of subsequences obtained from a binary string X of length n under t deletions. It is known that the number of subsequences in this setting strongly depends on the number of runs in the string X; where a run is a maximal substring of the same character. Our improved bounds are obtained by a structural analysis of the family of r-run strings X, an analysis in which we identify the extremal strings with respect to the number of subsequences. Specifically, for every r, we present r-run strings with the minimum (respectively maximum) number of subsequences under any t deletions; we perform an exact analysis of the number of subsequences of these extremal strings; and show that this number can be calculated in polynomial time.


The purpose of this paper is to establish some fixed point and common fixed point theorems under contractive type conditions involving rational expression in the setting of complex valued metric spaces. The results presented in this paper extend and generalize some previous works from the existing literature.


Estimating high resolution models of the Earth's core magnetic field and its time variation in the polar regions requires that one can adequately account for magnetic signals produced by polar ionospheric currents, which vary on a wide range of time and length scales. Limitations of existing ionospheric field models in the challenging polar regions can adversely affect core field models, which in turn has important implications for studies of the core flow dynamics in those regions. Here we implement a new approach to co-estimate a climatological model of the ionospheric field together with a model of the internal and magnetospheric fields within the CHAOS geomagnetic field modelling framework. The parametrization of the ionospheric field exploits non-orthogonal magnetic coordinates to efficiently account for the geometry of the Earth's magnetic field and scales linearly with external driving parameters related to the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field. Using this approach we derive a new geomagnetic field model from measurements of the magnetic field collected by low Earth orbit satellites, which in addition to the internal field provides estimates of the typical current system in the polar ionosphere and successfully accounts for previously unmodelled ionospheric signals in field model residuals. To resolve the ambiguity between the internal and ionospheric fields when using satellite data alone, we impose regularisation. We find that the time derivative of the estimated internal field is less contaminated by the polar currents, which is mostly visible in the zonal and near-zonal terms at high spherical harmonic degrees. Distinctive patches of strong secular variation at the core-mantle boundary, which have important implications for core dynamics, persist. Relaxing the temporal regularisation reveals annual oscillations, which could indicate remaining ionospheric field or related induced signals in the internal field model. Using principal component analysis we find that the annual oscillations mostly affect the zonal low-degree spherical harmonics of the internal field.


Oxidative stress has been suggested to be a contributory factor in complication of diabetes mellitus. There are many reports indicating the change in parameter of oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats, we aimed to find if the oxidative stress which occurs in pancreas has a role in development of diabetes mellitus. This was done by measuring plasma lipid profile, insulin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor α and reduced glutathione content in pancreas. The study was carried on 30 rats, classified into 3 groups: control group, diabetic group in which diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg of body weight), treated group in which rats were given Nigella sativa extract i.p. (0.2 ml/kg/day), 2 week before injection of alloxan, these injections were continued daily until the end of the study (for 4 weeks). The results showed significant increase of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor α in diabetic group, with significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), reduced glutathione content in pancreas, and insulin level in diabetic group. The treated groups showed significant reduction in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc, interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor α with significant increase in HDLc, reduced glutathione content in pancreas and insulin level. It could be concluded that Nigella sativa treatment for 1.5 months in rats with experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes increase the activity of the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus, it could be used as an anti-diabetic complement in cases of diabetes mellitus. Abbreviation Nigella sativa (NS), interleukin-8 (IL-8), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), Triglycerides (TG), insulindegrading enzyme (IDE)


type="main"> A poverty index should be sensitive to the number of poor people, the extent of the shortfall of the poor, and the inequality among the poor. A difficulty arises when inequality among the poor needs to be assessed. The inequality may be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps. Depending on what side we focus on, the inequality level comparisons may be contradictory. This paper proposes a reinterpretation of the inequality component involved in the decompositions of well-known poverty indices. The alternative indices we introduce measure equally the income and gap inequality among the poor. The comparisons in inequality as measured by these indices are then independent of the viewpoint. An empirical application illustrates the proposal.


This chapter examines the interlocking fields of media and political representation, public policy and perception, and the public interest as it relates to First Nations Australians. It focuses on several key questions raised in the Closing the Gap issues paper, cited above, which argues that Australia lags behind other similarly developed settler countries - notably New Zealand, the United States and Canada - in implementing sustainable governance policies, mutually determined between governments and its Indigenous peoples. The chapter examines how the interests of Australian Indigenous peoples fare in terms of media and political representation, communication management, public policy, and social perception. It explores key themes of participation, accountability, understanding and agency, and looks at how these line up with acceptable expectations of the public interest. The chapter explores the apparent disconnect between what is in the interests of Indigenous peoples, and popularised notions of the national public interest.


Plant species and application situations of 10 different types of agri-tourism gardens in Zhejiang Province were surveyed.Totally 366 plant species were found,belonging to 119 families and 273 genera.Plants with the application frequency above 40% accounted for 23.7% of the total,which suggested that plant species with high frequency application were less and the diversity of plants was high.Six types of application application were summarized.Problems existed in the plant application and countermeasures were suggested.


This study aimed at identifying the professional development requirements for biology teachers at the secondary stage in light of the Kingdom's vision 2030 and the degree of availability of these requirements from the viewpoint of biology teachers. The study also aimed at revealing the differences in the responses of biology teachers about the requirements of professional development according to some variables (years of experience, training Program, academic qualification). The study used the descriptive methodology and was applied to a sample of (79) teachers. The study used a questionnaire consisting of (72) items as an instrument, which was distributed on seven domains. The results showed that the degree of availability of professional development requirements for biology teachers at the secondary stage was medium. The results also showed statistically significant differences in the teachers 'responses to the degree of availability of these requirements due to the variables of training Program and years of experience, while there were no statistically significant differences due to the academic qualification variable. A suggested proposal was prepared to achieve the requirements of professional development for biology teachers.


To introduce an expanded version of the Darrow‐Yannet (D‐Y) diagram that can both improve basic understanding of water balance homeostasis and be more specifically applied to specific organ system topics (e.g., gastrointestinal secretion) than can the basic diagram.


Solid-State Chemistry
For the past 70 years, the lowest-energy crystal structure of lithium was believed to be a relatively complex one called the 9R structure. Ackland et al. show that this is incorrect. The actual lowest-energy structure for lithium is the much simpler closest-packed face-centered


Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Jordanian firm performance. CSR is measured using three dimensions: philanthropy, community, and environment. Meanwhile, firm performance is measured by two accounting-based measurements; Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). We employ the legitimacy theory as a theoretical perspective for the current study. The data included 200 observations of 100 service and industrial Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. SPSS is used for data analysis. The results indicate a significant positive association between community and environment with both ROA and ROE. However, Philanthropy does not significantly affect ROA and ROE. Additionally, Jordanian companies seem to apply "form" when it comes to philanthropy. Organizational legitimacy is their principal management objective, not improving philanthropy disclosure practices. However, regarding community and environmental disclosures, firms seek organisational legitimacy by adopting substantive changes to the information content of such parameters. This study's contributions are twofold. First, we expand the literature by exploring the effect of CSR disclosure on firm performance in an emerging economies context. Secondly, to our knowledge this is the first study that examines whether managers use CSR disclosures as symbolic or substantive actions to gain organisational legitimacy. As a practical implication of this study, investors should consider the companies' community and environmental CSR activities when making investment decisions. Future research may include the mediating or moderating effect of other variables on the relationship between CSR and firm performance.


This special session is drawing to a close. We plan to adjourn Sine Die on Wednesday, June 29th however, there is still much to be done before then. Several important pieces of legislation are currently in conference committee while differences between the House and Senate versions are worked out and are expected to be eligible on the House Floor Monday. These include SB 1 and SB 2, the fiscal matters bills needed to balance our state budget, as well as SB 8 relating to flexibility for school districts and public school finance. HB 41, the bill designed to reduce intrusive pat-downs by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at airports, is also on the calendar for Monday. Please continue to communicate your thoughts on these and any other issues.


This chapter focuses on how the Shenandoah Valley's African Americans reacted to John Brown's raid and how enslavers in the region responded. Although throngs of enslaved people and free blacks from the Shenandoah Valley did not join Brown's army of liberation in large numbers as Brown had hoped, this chapter illustrates that once the Valley's enslaved learned of Brown's attempt to strike a blow against slavery they employed various methods of resistance including arson and killing livestock to show their support for Brown's actions, unnerving enslavers. This chapter examines the efforts of not only whites in the Valley to prevent Brown's attack from sparking a broader insurrection through an increase in slave patrols but also enslavers' attempts to downplay the events of Brown's raid, advancing the notion that enslaved people in the Shenandoah Valley did not support Brown and remained loyal to their enslavers. At the epicenter of this particular discussion is the story of Heyward Shepherd, a free black man who became the raid's first casualty.


The complexity of an average electronic circuit pack in industry today has increased immensely in the last several years. The use of surface-mounted devices (SMD) and multilayer circuit packs are the rule, rather than the exception. This acceleration in circuit pack complexity has driven the need for better circuit pack testing. Improvements in design for test (DFT), built-in self-test (BIST), and in-circuit test (ICT) have all contributed to higher yields of electronic circuit packs at the stage where they are first tested following assembly. The percentage of packs to be analyzed is dropping rapidly. Conversely, the task of locating the fault on the population of circuit packs which do have short circuits at this stage has become correspondingly more difficult. In addition, the density of components on the circuit packs has made it more attractive to troubleshoot rather than junk these circuit packs. A technique utilizing computerized color thermography (CCT) has been adopted to physically locate short circuits on these circuit packs. This paper deals with the practical use of CCT at a facility which manufactures and tests populated electronic circuit packs.


DOI: 10.2514/1.36299 A scenario for creating acceptable touchdown velocity on land for the Orion Crew Excursion Vehicle employs retrorockets for final landingV. To capture the ground effects due to the interaction of the retrorockets and the vehicle,detailedcomputationalmodelingwasusedtodeterminetheeffectivethrustatseveraldifferent firingheights. These results were then used to determine the change in impulse for a wide range of possible firing altitudes. For a Crew Excursion Vehicle retrorocket firing time of 0.5 s, the steady-state effective vertical thrust of the module changes from � 13:2to� 11:8%for altitudes from 152 to 15.2 cm, respectively. A simple descent analysis shows that ground effects will impart a net decrease or increase in impulse, depending on ignition altitude. In this analysis, the ground effects serve to increase the optimal firing height and increase the ignition altitude margin for a given maximum landing velocity.


This study attempts to look at the influence that fa'aSamoa (Samoan Culture) has on churches in New Zealand, based on the experiences of Samoans from the Pacific Islanders Presbyterian Church and Congregational Christian Church of Samoa. The bulk of the research was carried out in the Christchurch area over the period of a year. Survey techniques included questionnaires, interviews with key figures in the Samoan community and participant observation. A key aim of the study was to compare the views of respondents who were born and/or raised in New Zealand and born and/or raised in Samoa. Chapter One provides a historical background to the establishment of the relationship between Samoans and Christianity. Chapters Two and Three focus on two of the most powerful leadership figures in Samoa church life generallythe 'Minister' and the 'Deacon'. In contrast, Chapters Four and Five focus on two groups that have been to some extent always in the background of Samoan church lifeWomen' and Youth'.


The aim of this thesis is the design and manufacture of hardware and software facilities used for the demonstration of communication with PLC systems. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the possibilities of communication and partially implements the MODBUS protocol via RS485 serial line. The hardware device is fabricated on the PCB and the components commonly available in electronics stores. Includes LCD display and LEDs for status display PLC system. The software application is written in Java and implements the same functionality as the hardware device.


In modern and future fighter air combat, formation coordination in the aircrew is very important on the battlefield, and the narrow fighter space needs to carry a variety of electronic equipment. The integrated radar communication technology can combine the original independent radar and The integration of the communication system into a comprehensive integrated combat platform can not only meet the combat needs of the new era and new scenarios, but also has important significance for the future generation of fighter jets. This paper conducts an in-depth study on an integrated waveform of OFDM radar communication.


Woolf's criticism of a great many novelists — and particularly women — centres upon the fact that they use their writing as a vehicle for confessional autobiography. A writer is, perhaps, particularly likely to use the first novel to unburden personal obsessions and experiences. Given that this is the case, the 'objective' tone of Woolf's own first novel is the more remarkable. In writing The Voyage Out Woolf did, of course, draw upon the details of her own life. One thinks, for example, of her mental instability, her sister Vanessa's illness and brother Thoby's death from typhoid, her voyage to Spain and Portugal with her younger brother Adrian in the spring of 1905, and, particularly, her interest in feminism.1 In the novel, though, these personal experiences are transformed from autobiography into fiction.2 The emphasis in The Voyage Out falls not upon Woolf the private individual, but upon her fictional characters. It is primarily the lives of these latter, rather than that of the author, which sustain our interest.3


Between July 1976 and June 1977, 236 hospitalized patients (116 gastroenteritis "GE" and 120 control "C"), and an outpatient population of 85 patients (36 "GE" and 49 "C") were studied for evidence of infection with bacterial enteric pathogens, enterotoxins and viruses. 46% of "GE" inpatients and 42% of "GE" outpatients, 15% of "C" inpatients and 14% "C" outpatients had potential enteric pathogens. HRV was the most commonly detected agent in gastroenteritis (36% of 152). Using the Y-l mouse adrenal CA assay, at least 4 isolates from each patient were tested for LT production. 120 were also tested by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for LT. LT-producing (LT+) coliforms were found in 8% of hospitalized "GE" vs. 4% of hospitalized "C." No difference in LT detection rate was noted in the "GE" outpatient vs. their outpatient "C." LT-producing organisms were found in 7.6% of all gastroenteritis patients and 4% of controls. Among hospitalized HRV negative "GE," 8.4% (6/71) had LT+ as opposed to 3% (3/110) "C" subjects. Approximately 90% of patients with LT+ coliforms were younger than 2 years of age. A limited number of patients have had their sera tested (by a blocking RIA test) for evidence of infection with LT. Only 12% (1/8) have had fourfold seroconversion following illness associated with recovery of coliform producing LT. LT's role in the mediation of gastroenteritis in our population needs to be further elucidated.


In the paper numerical analysis of the upsetting is presented with focus on the possibilities of the quality improvement by equalization of strain distribution with simultaneous reduction of the forging load. This goal is achieved by the use of multi-stroke progressive upsetting, which depends on sequential deformation of small portions of the total volume at reduced load. As the results show, this approach also allows reduction of nonuniformity of strain in the forged flange. Calculated fields of effective strain distribution and plots of its profile on cross-sections confirm the reasonability of technological modifications.


The list of recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes concerning Romanian amphibian and reptile species is presented in the light of new phylogenetic results. The status and distribution of some subspecies which inhabit Romania is discussed. The goals of contemporary conservation are revised. Also a list of used Romanian material in recent phylogeny studies is provided.


A cobalt-catalyzed C–H/N–H annulation of anilides with allenes to synthesize 1,2-dihydroquinolines is described. The reaction proceeds via a C–H activation, allene insertion, followed by β-hydride elimination and an intramolecular 1,4-addition to a butadiene-group-containing intermediate. Allenes act as a three-carbon source in the present C–H activation strategy.


The several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in the last 25 years in the field of pulmonary arterial hyper- tension (PAH) have led to the approval of over 10 drugs, which seek to restore the right balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator factors, and to the consequent increase of the median survival. However, no medical treatment is currently curative. Ongoing research is focusing on how to preserve right ventricle (RV) function, curbing the inexorable progres- sion of the disease towards right heart failure and death. Below, we provide a comprehensive review of the current available PAH specific therapies and briefly report the therapeutic strategies adopted by PH specialists in clinical practice.


Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. An edge labeling $f:Eto {0,1}$ induces a vertex labeling $f^+:Vto Z_2$ defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin E} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in V$, where $Z_2={0,1}$ is the additive group of order 2. For $iin{0,1}$, let $e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)|$ and $v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|$. A labeling $f$ is called edge-friendly if $|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$. $I_f(G)=v_f(1)-v_f(0)$ is called the edge-friendly index of $G$ under an edge-friendly labeling $f$. Extreme values of edge-friendly index of complete bipartite graphs will be determined.


Cold plasma conditions offer a novel route for synthesizing and depositing macromolecular structures on various organic and inorganic surfaces, and to functionalize in a controlled manner even the most inert polymeric substrates. The energies of active species of plasma are high enough to split all chemical bonds from organic and organometallic derivatives and consequently, tailored macromolecular structures can be created through controlled recombination of plasma generated charged and neutral molecular fragments. Non- macromolecular forming active species of organic- or inorganic-origin can interact with polymeric surfaces creating desired, new thin layer structures through in situ or ex-situ recombination mechanisms initiated between the plasma generated active sites of the condensed and gaseous phases. Understanding the plasma induced reaction mechanisms developed in the gas phase and on the surfaces which limit the discharge opens up rational ways to create materials with advanced surface characteristic, such as chemical inertness, advanced hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, selective reactivity (molecular recognition), intense surface roughness, etc.


Spatial relation between spatial objects is a very important topic for spatial reasoning, query and analysis in global GIS. However, the most popular models in current use, which are based on the 2D Euclidean space (such as raster), exist some fundamental deficiency in theory for spatial relation reasoning in the spherical digital space (SDS). In this paper, a reasoning method of spatial relations in the SDS based on manifold is approached, in which: (1) the topological definitions, properties, and descriptions of spatial objects in SDS are presented; (2) appropriate operators from set operators (i.e. intersection, difference, difference by, symmetric difference, etc.) are utilized to distinguish the spatial relations between neighboring spatial objects; and (3) the value of the Euler number of symmetric difference is used for the detailed computational results of set operations; In this method, the 8 types basic topological relations between spatial objects in SDS can be distinguished accurately and easily from simple to detailed level for different requirements.


A method for the determination of U in tributyl phosphate -kerosene extracts, which are formed during the extraction of U, is described. The U content of the organic solution is determined approximately by density measurement. A suitable amount of solution is then pipetted into a 50-ml separatory funnel and treated with a solution of 20% tributyl phosphate and 80% kerosene. For back extraction of the U, 20 ml 2N H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and 20 g granulated Cd are shaken 3 min and separated into two phases. The determination of U follows in the aqueous phase as U(SO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ or with Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-NaOH-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/. For very dilute solutions, a spectrophotometric determination of U directly in the organic tributyl phosphate -kerosene extraction solution with dibenzoylmethane is suggested. (Uranium Abstr. Vol. 2, No. 5, July 1963)


Fibre amplifiers exhibit rapid time dependent phase fluctuations due to the environment and to thermal and other effects associated with the pumping and lasing processes. We characterise these effects in a large mode area fibre amplifier having an output power of 260W limited only by pump power. The amplifier retains its coherence even at the highest available output power with negligible linewidth broadening. Phase fluctuations are characterised by a low-amplitude power-independent jitter superimposed on a power-dependent drift due to heating. We also measure the phase fluctuations in a COTS fibre preamplifier and find they are predominantly large amplitude periodic oscillations at 110Hz, probably induced by pump power fluctuations. The two amplifiers were combined in series to give a high gain amplifier chain and actively phase stabilised to high precision (~&lgr;/37 rms) using a piezo-ceramic fibre stretcher incorporated into a PC-based feedback loop.


"Streaming" multimedia allows the user to begin viewing video clips stored on our server, without first downloading the entire file. After a brief period of initializing and buffering, the file will begin to stream - or play - in real time. A non-definitive list of media available on the internet for free.


Recently, multi-frequency multi-constellation receivers have been actively studied, which are single receivers that process multiple global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals for high accuracy and reliability. However, in order for a single receiver to process multiple GNSS signals, it requires as many code generators as the number of supported GNSS signals, and this is one of the problems that must be solved in implementing an efficient multi-frequency multi-constellation receiver. This paper proposes an area-efficient universal code generator that can support both GPS L1C signals and BDS B1C signals. The proposed architecture alleviates the area problem by sharing common hardware in a time-multiplex mode without degrading the overall system performance. According to the result of the synthesis using the CMOS 65 nm process, the proposed universal code generator has an area reduced by 98%, 93%, and 60% compared to the previous memory-based universal code generator (MB UCG), the Legendre-generation universal code generator (LG UCG), and the Weil-generation universal code generator (WG UCG), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed generator is applicable to all Legendre sequence-based codes.


The Joint Conference of the Information Retrieval Communities in Europe (CIRCLE 2020) is the first joint conference of the French, Italian, Spanish, and Swiss information retrieval communities. Although these communities had conceived the CIRCLE conference as a meeting and networking venue, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, they had to make the conference as fully virtual event. Nonetheless, the three days of conference gathered interesting studies and research work on a wide range of topics on information retrieval, such as topic and document modelling, query and ranking refinement, information retrieval in e-government, social media, recommender systems, information retrieval evaluation, indexing and annotation, user profiling and interaction, frameworks and systems, and semantic extraction.


The essential oil of Nepeta racemosa (Lamiaceae) was prepared by hydrodistillation and was analy- sed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. Twenty-four components were identified, constituting approximately 99.3% of the oil. The major constituents of essential oil were 4aβ,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (33.6%), 4aα,7α,7aβ- nepetalactone (25.6%), 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (24.4%) and 1,8-cineole (9%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Commodification has given birth to the practice of capitalism in the implementation of Umrah worship in Indonesia. The Umrah travel agency has carried out capitalism towards Umrah worship into a very commercial worship. Capitalism has formed a class in the Umrah travel agency in the premium class, executive class and economy class. This Umrah travel agency class gives birth to Umrah packages which have an impact on the price that must be paid by the Muslim congregation. The higher the commodification, the higher the price that must be paid by Muslims in order to get the best services and facilities in carrying out Umrah worship in Indonesia.


Most of the research on lexical measures was conducted in English and conducted similarly in other languages without accurate adaptations to the language being tested. The first objective of this study is to identify differences between applications of lexical density and lexical diversity when tested as in English and when adapted to the language being tested. The second objective is to inspect the effect of acquisition time on intermediate-level second-language learners' lexical density and diversity. In a test-retest study over one year, Arabic Hebrew bilinguals (n=23) wrote argumentative essays, in which lexical density and diversity were analyzed according to two approaches; a conventional approach as in English and an adapted approach more aligned with Hebrew linguistic features. In both approaches, lexical density was calculated as the number of lexical words in proportion to the total number of words and lexical diversity using the type-token ratio (TTR) and Corrected TTR (CTTR). Findings reveal statistically significant differences between the two approaches and the adapted approach allowed for cross-language and interlanguage comparisons. Although no significant increase in lexical density and diversity over the year was found, various patterns for lexical development were observed; at the second time point, students with the lowest level of lexical diversity substantially improved and more essays fell within the lexical density range of a typically written language.


Cognitive radio (CR) systems can enhance the licensed spectrum efficiency by finding and allocating the underutilized channels of the primary users to the secondary users. After scanning a wide range of spectrum. A general CR system needs to utilize all the available channels of various bandwidths. Whenever the active primary users appear, the secondary users shall return the borrowed channels, causing interruption even during a transmission period. The behavior of changing the operating channels is called hopping mode in this paper. In this paper we propose an improved preemptive resume priority (PRP) M/G/1 queueing network model for such a general CR system, aiming to characterize the impacts of hopping-mode behaviors and various bandwidth on the delay performance of the secondary users. We further propose a probability-based various-bandwidth channel selection scheme to reduce the overall system time for the hopping-mode secondary users with multiple interruptions, where the overall system time is defined as the sum of transmission time and waiting time. Our analytical results, validated by simulations, show that the proposed probability-based various-bandwidth channel selection scheme can improve the overall system time by 20% compared to the existing methods.


Interest in philosophy and engineering continues to develop. Another special session was held at FIE 2008 and there was a complete paper session devoted to the topic. The second international workshop on philosophy and engineering followed. Many of the contributions at this workshop once again showed that general discussions about philosophy and engineering have outcomes that have implications for the engineering curriculum. An emerging strand relates to the idea that philosophy, in addition to ethics, should be taught in the engineering curriculum. How this should be done is a matter of debate. The questions posed relate to content and method. For example should it be a separate course or integrated into existing programmes, as for example design where there is already a relevant and high quality literature? Is it concerned with the acquisition of philosophical knowledge as covered by the traditional disciplines of knowledge or is it about helping students to develop a philosophical disposition?


Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are becoming a popular means of streaming audio and video content but they are prone to bandwidth starvation if selfish peers do not contribute bandwidth to other peers. We prove that an incentive mechanism can be created for a live streaming P2P protocol while preserving the asymptotic properties of randomized gossip-based streaming. In order to show the utility of our result, we adapt a distributed incentive scheme from P2P file storage literature to the live streaming scenario. We provide simulation results that confirm the ability to achieve a constant download rate (in time, per peer) that is needed for streaming applications on peers. The incentive scheme fairly differentiates peers' download rates according to the amount of useful bandwidth they contribute back to the P2P system, thus creating a powerful quality-of-service incentive for peers to contribute bandwidth to other peers. We propose a functional architecture and protocol format for a gossip-based streaming system with incentive mechanisms, and present evaluation data from a real implementation of a P2P streaming application.


Methodic of the regional subsystem of commodity distribution network change by the phased creation of the conditions' system of its development is suggested. System of arrangements in ensuring of changes of the regional subsystem of commodity distribution network and logical-structural model of the system organization of commodity movement in the region are developed. Nature of correlation of the regional competition parameters with the regional subsystem of commodity distribution network parameters is determined on the basis of the regional economics parameters analysis.


We report a chemical vapor deposition approach and optimized growth condition to the synthesis of single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). Obtaining large grain size with continuous MoS 2 atomically thin films is highly responsible to the growth distance between molybdenum trioxide source and receiving silicon substrate. Experimental results indicate that triangular shape MoS 2 grain size could be enlarged up to > 80 um with the precisely controlled the source-to-substrate distance under 7.5 mm. Furthermore, we demonstrate fabrication of a memory device by employing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as insulating layer. The fabricated devices have a PMMA-MoS 2 /metal configuration and exhibit a bistable resistance switching behavior with high/low-current ratio around 10 3 .


The encoder influences reliability and cost of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operated solar water pump (WP). It is even sensitive to electromagnetic noise and temperature, which thereby reduces its accuracy. To overcome these problems, an encoderless PMSM control by using adaptive hybrid generalized integrator (AHGI) based sliding mode observer (SMO) for the solar WP system is presented in this paper. The widely used low pass filter based SMO produces phase-shift, attenuation and dominant lower order harmonics (DLOH). This decreases the position estimation accuracy. Besides, the need for tracking dynamic system frequency further exacerbates its performance. The developed AHGI structure eliminates these drawbacks and provides an accurate estimate of position over a wide speed range. A harmonic decoupling network, a hybrid generalized integrator and an adaptive frequency tracker constitute AHGI, which respectively performs dominant harmonic signal generation, DLOH elimination and frequency tracking. The improvement in behavior of AHGI over the existing methods is analyzed by transfer functions, Bode plots and back electromotive force helices. Meanwhile an incremental conductance algorithm for PV array maximum power control is used. The developed structure is experimentally validated on a laboratory prototype and a comparison with the existing methods is also made.


To ensure efficient railroad operation and maintenance management, the accurate reconstruction of railroad BIM models is a crucial step. This paper proposes a workflow for automated segmentation and reconstruction of railroad structures using point cloud data, without relying on intensity or trajectory information. The workflow consists of four main components: point cloud adaptive denoising, scene segmentation, structure segmentation combined with deep learning, and model reconstruction. The proposed workflow was validated using two datasets with significant differences in railroad line point cloud data. The results demonstrated significant improvements in both efficiency and accuracy compared to existing methods. The techniques enable direct automated processing from raw data to segmentation results, providing data support for parameterized modeling and greatly reducing manual processing time. The proposed algorithms achieved an intersection over union (IoU) of over 0.9 for various structures in a 450-m-long railroad line. Furthermore, for single-track railroads, the automated segmentation time was within 1 min per kilometer, with an average mean intersection over union (MIoU) and accuracy of 0.9518 and 1.0000, respectively.


This study deals with the impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on spectral regions of incident solar radiation (UVB, UVA, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) = Blue + Green + Red, 660, 730 nm) and their ratios (Blue/Red, Blue/PAR, Green/PAR, Red/PAR, 660/730 nm, UVB/UVA, UVB/PAR, and UVA/PAR) measured at three measuring stations at two locations in the City of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The mentioned spectral regions are crucial for plants because they influence photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. However, there is still a lack of published information about the radiation regime in the plants' environment. The measured data underwent a quality check and were divided into 40 groups corresponding to different combinations of season, cloud cover, and air pollution level. Standard statistical characteristics of spectral regions and their ratios were calculated for each combination. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of air pollutants on spectral regions of incident solar radiation. Average irradiance values in the spectral regions generally decreased with increasing air pollution on both cloudy and sunny days. A mostly decreasing trend of average values of ratios with increasing air pollution is found mainly on sunny days and, for some cases, even on cloudy days. Each ratio shows a specific patterns depending on the season and cloud cover. The generalized linear models confirm previously published results and underline that air pollution affects various spectral regions of incident solar radiation differently.


To evaluate whether angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) combination therapy is more nephroprotective than ACE inhibitor or ARB monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy.


Objective:To study the value of high frequency ultrasound and CDFI in superficial soft tissue masses diagnosis.Methods:We reported 84 cases of soft tissue masses confirmed by pathology.The characteristics of high frequency ultrasonography and CDFI of the masses were discussed.Results:Eighty two cases were benign and two cases were malignant.In 82 benign cases,color Doppler flow were found in 12 cases which were soft tissue hemangioma and inflammatory masses.The diagnostic accuracy of cyst were 100%.Conclusion:It is suggested that the high frequency ultrasonography and CDFI have significant clinical value in superficial soft masses diagnosis.


The aggravation of ecological problems at the global level, as well as the need to solve the economic and social problems of humanity, require the implementation of important economic transformation measures. The circular economy (or closed-loop economy) is a form of production organization related to extending the life cycle of products and minimizing harmful disposal and waste. It is also about sharing, renting, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as much as possible. As with any type of economic model, the functioning of the circular economy requires a corresponding logistics system. In this context, together with the acceptance of the concept of ecological efficiency and "green" economy in many countries, the new approach of "green logistics" has emerged in international practice. The purpose of this article is to generalize theoretical approaches and to substantiate the conceptual provisions of logistical support for the development of the circular economy in the conditions of global transformations. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the scientific work of scientists on the problems of green economy, circular economy, environmental management, waste management, logistics management. The research was conducted using general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis - to summarize the existing conceptual approaches and regulations, scientific developments on the development of the circular economy, greening of logistics systems, green logistics, clarification of terminology; classifications - to systematize theoretical approaches to the definition of "green logistics" proposed by various scientific schools; structural and logical generalization - to determine the key logistics approaches to the development of the circular economy and the principles of green logistics for the implementation of circular business models. Results. In order to present the specific aspects of circular economy logistics, the opinions of researchers from different countries were studied to outline a related synthetic vision. After conducting the study, the current characteristics of the circular economy were identified. Then the current international trends in logistics development were identified. An important trend is the development of "green" logistics. It has been found that many conceptual approaches to the definition of the terms "green" logistics and environmental logistics are generally accepted and have a broader meaning, without taking into account the specifics of the functioning of different areas of economic activity, including the transport sector and logistics activities. Scientific views on the interpretation of the nature and content of the concept of "green" logistics are generalized. It is proposed to consider the concept of "green" logistics as a tool of circular economy. It offers companies a number of advantages and is based on certain principles. As a synergy effect, the massive implementation of the circular economy and green logistics can significantly contribute to solving the socio-economic problems of humanity. Practical implications. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the conceptual provisions can be used in practice when developing an organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the concept of green logistics. This mechanism should include such blocks as: management of supplies and purchases of material resources; production of products; warehousing and inventories; logistics flows; risks of logistics activities; logistics service processes; waste recycling; innovation and change. The introduction of the proposed organizational and economic mechanism will reduce the cost of managing the movement of logistics flows and increase the level of environmental safety. This is one of the most important requirements for the implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility of business in a circular economy. Value/originality. The authors' approach to formulating the category "green logistics" is theoretically substantiated.


This article discusses the creation and application of the building model information (Building Information Modeling) during the creation and operation of road infrastructure.
The article reveals the problem of reducing the costs of the production process and optimizing costs that plague all construction companies. In addition to the many activities that are carried out in organizations to improve automation systems, the problem still remains relevant, as it is difficult to process a large stream of incoming information that accompanies work with objects using modern tools.
The authors of this article say that the practical part of BIM in road construction consists in collecting the necessary information from the object and its further implementation in a 3D model, since at the operational stage, planning for repair and maintenance work is provided, which includes the corresponding costs.
In addition, the article discusses the automation of road construction, consisting in a tracking system (monitoring) of the condition of the road surface. In turn, Rosavtodor began to actively use the technology of cold regeneration and stabilization of asphalt concrete pavements, it is also cold recycling, which can improve the condition and durability of the roadway. Currently, experts are working on a method of monitoring the status of pavements.
This article discusses the process of road reconstruction using 3D technology, divided into 4 separate stages. They include the main stages of the construction of the roadway: survey, design, transfer of the project to the site and milling.


(1) Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (email@example.com), (2) Department of Surface Waters, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland, (3) CH2M, Swindon, UK, (4) The Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience, UCL, London, UK, (5) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, (6) Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, (7) University of California, Davis, California, USA


Based on the investigation of Shijiazhuang street greening,the problems of street planting in Shijiazhuang City were analyzed.According to the principles of streets tree planning in Shijiazhuang City,the choices of planting tree species in Shijiazhuang street were disussed.


A series of 18 patients was studied to determine if damage incurred to the carotid artery during percutaneous puncture could be detected angiographically. Microaneurysms were seen in 78% of the arteries studied. Characteristically, lesions are seen on both walls of the vessel. Microaneurysms are considered to be the most likely site of mural thrombosis, and the probable cause of emboli and delayed complications resulting from percutaneous puncture.