It is interesting to examine the validity of the Hayuth model in the context of the Yangtze River Delta,especially when considering the differences between the coastal container port ranges and rivers container port ranges or different port categories.In this paper,a distinction between small ports(average container traffic for the period 1990-2006 of less than 100000TEU),medium-sized ports(between 100000 and 400000TEU) and large container ports(at least 400000TEU).Then,share-shift analysis models are used to measure the total shift and the evolution of the Yangtze River Delta container port system from 1990 to 2006.By calculating the concerned statistics,the author holds that there are four obvious features:(1) From 1994 to 1998,Shanghai was one of the major winners in terms of the total shift,but in the other periods,it lost some TEU.(2)Ningbo port has been the major winner in terms of the total shift since 1990 and shows the best performances in the period of 1990-1994 and 1998-2006.(3)In the mass,the coastal container port range is superiorior,along rivers container port range is inferior.The net volume of containers shifted between the respective ranges reached an expectionally high level in the third period.In this period the coastal container port range won a potential growth of approximately 607046 TEU to ports situated in the other ranges.(4)In competition,large container port ranges have won much TEU since 1994;middle container port ranges lost throughout some TEU(from a positive total shift of 22109TEU in the first period to a negative shift in the last);small container port ranges have won much TEU since 1990.A systematic analysis has been carried out on the formation of the total shift change.Finally,this paper holds that there are three development stages for this container port system:initial container port development,hub or load center container port and large deep-sea direct container port.


analyses how the Quanzhen movement became during the 13th century a cohesive clerical order through several methods to build a strong collective identity, with unified systems for training and naming adepts; also considers the size of the Quanzhen clergy.


City-wide parking guidance system (CPGS) is the emerging infrastructure of intelligent transportation systems in China. The most difficulty in CPGS development is the lack of parking lots data. Without these data, the traditional well-designed parking guidance algorithms will fail. Meanwhile, the real-time location information of automobiles is increasing and can be accessed easily thanks to the popularity of smartphone and smart vehicular devices. In this paper, we propose a new idea of guiding automobiles to proper parking lots by using the data collected from the vehicular Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Then we build a spatial-temporal classifier based on convolutional neural network (CNN) with long-short term memory (LSTM) to learn the parking experience from the automobiles uploading the parking locations. Finally, we use the classifier to recommend the proper parking lots nearby to vehicles, considering the related driving context. The experiment shows the proposed method can guide automobiles to the target parking lots accurately even if we do not know the real-time data of the target parking lots. Moreover, the classifier shows the obvious spatial characteristics and preference for the first time when guiding vehicles. This method is a kind of crowdsourcing and encourages automobiles to share their parking experience, to help park easier for themselves eventually. So, we think the method, crowd-parking, is very novel and competitive in the current state of endless business and technique negotiation among parking lots.


Deaths due to fall from height are increasing yearly. Victims of fall from height tend to sustain a unique pattern of injuries that depends on many factors. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine and analyze the pattern of fatal injuries of fall from height among deaths on which medicolegal autopsies were conducted at Cairo Department of Forensic Medicine (Zenhum morgue), Ministry of Justice, Egypt, during the period from 1 st January 2009 to 31 th December 2013. Data was obtained from available medicolegal reports and was statistically analyzed. There were 270 fall from height deaths representing 3.25% of the total deaths received during the study period. Most of them were males in the age group (19-40) years and from urban areas (55.9%, 59.5% and 55.2% respectively). Most of the victims (23%) were workers followed by students and housewives (19.8% for each). There was a high prevalence (75.6%) of blunt trauma and multiple injuries were the most common injured anatomical region (67.4%), followed by the head (27.0%). Home was the most common scene of fall (50.7%) followed by workplace (34.1%). Accidental manner was the most common (37.8%) and the majority (87.4%) of cases sustained high falls (height >20 feet). The majority (77%) of cases showed negative toxicological analysis and among cases with positive toxicological analysis alcohol was the most common (32.3%). Falling at home was significantly common in females and in age groups (≤18), (19-40) and (˃60) years; meanwhile falling at work place was significantly common in males and in age group (41-60) years.


Perovskite memristors have emerged as leading contenders in brain-inspired neuromorphic electronics. Although these devices have been shown to accurately reproduce synaptic dynamics, they pose challenges for in-depth understanding of the underlying nonlinear phenomena. Potentiation effects on the electrical conductance of memristive devices have attracted increasing attention from the emerging neuromorphic community, demanding adequate interpretation. Here, we propose a detailed interpretation of the temporal dynamics of potentiation based on nonlinear electrical circuits that can be validated by impedance spectroscopy. The fundamental observation is that the current in a capacitor decreases with time; conversely, for an inductor, it increases with time. There is no electromagnetic effect in a halide perovskite memristor, but ionic-electronic coupling creates a chemical inductor effect that lies behind the potentiation property. Therefore, we show that beyond negative transients, the accumulation of mobile ions and the eventual penetration into the charge-transport layers constitute a bioelectrical memory feature that is the key to long-term synaptic enhancement. A quantitative dynamical electrical model formed by nonlinear differential equations explains the memory-based ionic effects to inductive phenomena associated with the slow and delayed currents, invisible during the 'off mode' of the presynaptic spike-based stimuli. Our work opens a new pathway for the rational development of material mimesis of neural communications across synapses, particularly the learning and memory functions in the human brain, through a Hodgkin–Huxley-style biophysical model.


The partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model is exactly obtained on a lattice with a twisted boundary condition. The continuum limit of the model off the critical temperature is found to give the mass-deformed Ising conformal field theory (CFT) on the torus with the complex structure $\tau$. We find that the renormalization group (RG) flow of the mass parameter can be holographically described in terms of the three-dimensional gravity including a scalar field with a simple nonlinear kinetic function and a quadratic potential.


The paper presents a mechanism of nanoparticles appearance coupling with the matrix from the quantum physics point of view. A kind of approximate features for some applications for nanocomposite materials is offered.


We review the case of a severely injured patient to evaluate the system of delivering medical staff by helicopter in areas with limited medical resources.


We have fabricated a planar cold cathode based on a multilayer (ML)-graphene/SiO2/Si heterostructure. When voltage is applied between the ML graphene and Si layer, electrons tunnel from the Si layer to the ML-graphene through the SiO2. During this tunneling event, electrons repeatedly gain and lose energy in the SiO2 owing to the electric field and scattering, respectively. Electrons whose energy is larger than the work function of the ML-graphene are emitted from its surface to a vacuum. The thinness of the ML-graphene reduces the energy loss of electrons in it and thus improves electron emission characteristics.


Please cite this paper as: Shanks et al. (2011) Low but highly variable mortality among nurses and physicians during the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2010.00195.x.


Abstract There is considerable interest in plastic crystalline electrolytes which have good room temperature ionic conductivities and potential technological applications as membranes for devices such as batteries. Conductivity and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements have been used to study succinonitrile (1, 2-dicyanoethane) doped with copper(I) and (II) triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate) and TFSI (bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide). The conductivities at room temperature are reasonably good, particularly for Cu(I)TFSI doped at 1 mol %, where the conductivity is ∼1 × 103 S cm-1, which is consistent with previous work on this system. The Cu K-edge EXAFS in 1 mol % doped copper salts show that in all cases, whether Cu(I) or Cu(II), the ion is predominantly in a well-defined and ordered local environment. A tentative model of the conduction process is described that will account for this local structural information; however, the process is clearly complex even in these apparently simple systems.


This paper presents a methodology for describing aspects of computer systems, both hardware and software, in such a way that a product may be managed throughout ifs entire lifetime, from installation to final removal. A language is introduced, and first experimental results from the Dolphin system are given.<<ETX>>


The article addresses synonymy in English financial and economic terminology. Drawing on the case study of synonymous terms nominating the concept "Unreliable company", the article examines the differentiated nomination of the world image fragment ensured by synonymy along with the role of synonymic fields and subfields in objectifying concepts.


People have been using plants in treating various diseases and obtaining successful results since old ages. Most of these plants have become natural medicines as a result of coincidences or curious practices. Different treatments by using different plants have been carried out and proven to be healing and plants have become significant and popular among people in a short period. Mentha species, which have a significant place in alternative medicine, has pharmacological effect. In this research, based on previous study results, the effects of Mentha species, which has been used for various purposes including medical, nourishing aims and as spice, are analyzed and presented.


We present a hybrid photonic-crystal fiber for phase-matched third-harmonic generation. Third-harmonic radiation is confined in a Gaussian-like mode by an all-solid bandgap microstructure, while outer hollow channels ensure guidance of pump radiation in fundamental mode.


The conception of Mode 2 knowledge production is a relevant theoretical framework for understanding of some transdisciplinary parameters of bioethics. It fixes the paradigm shifts in modern science and its relationships with society.


This article reviews a selected range of comparativepolitical research on women's movements, a subfield ofpolitical science whose recent proliferation nowpositions it at the leading edge of women and politicsscholarship. Recognizing that ``women'' as a categoryof research is of necessity heterogeneous and informedby differences of race, class, ethnicity, nationality,generation, and religion, the article argues that thiscomplex intersectionality need not mean that women'smovements are beyond the scope of comparativepolitical research. Rather, as the research focus ofwomen and politics scholars has become increasinglycarefully specified, general patterns are evident inthe research that should serve to advance thecomparative study of women's movements and comparativepolitical research more generally. The articlefocuses on definitional challenges and the limitationsof conflating ``women's movements'', ``feministmovements'', and ``women in social movements'', anddiscusses four major research arenas within whichcross-national commonalities among women's movementsare evidenced. These include the relationship betweenwomen's movements and political parties; ``doublemilitancy'' as a potentially distinctive collectiveidentity problem for women's movement activists; theextent to which political opportunities for women'smovements are (or can be) gendered; and therelationship between women's movements and the state.The article concludes with suggestions for futureresearch in the subfields of comparative women'smovements and comparative politics.


Adaptive numerical methods in time and space are introduced and studied for linear poroelastic models in two and three space dimensions. We present equivalent models for linear poroelasticity and choose both the {\em displacement--pressure} and the {\em stress--pressure} formulation for our computations. Their discretizations are provided by means of linearly implicit schemes in time and linear finite elements in space. Our concept of adaptivity opens a way to a fast and reliable simulation of different loading cases defined by corresponding boundary conditions. We present some examples using our code {\sf Kardos} and show that the method works efficiently. In particular, it could be used in the simulation of some bone healing models.


L. Lewin's theory (1975), which describes an E-plane symmetrical tee junction by an equivalent circuit with only three parameters, is examined. It is shown that although the theory is formally correct, its circuit parameters depend on the amplitudes of reflected waves. An improved theory corrects this fault. >


Physicians should recognize the influence that small gift-giving has on prescribing patterns and consequently interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and medical students and residents should be limited. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Background. Positron emission tomography offers advantages for radioimmunodiagnosis of cancer but requires radionuclides of appropriate half‐life that have high specific activity and high radio‐purity. This work was designed to develop a viable method to produce and purify 64Cu, which has high specific activity, for positron emission tomography.


We prove a maximum principle for mild solutions to stochastic evolution equations with (locally) Lipschitz coefficients and Wiener noise on weighted $L^2$ spaces. As an application, we provide sufficient conditions for the positivity of forward rates in the Heath-Jarrow-Morton model, considering the associated Musiela SPDE on a homogeneous weighted Sobolev space.


The sources of political attitudes are among the most studied phenomena of modern politics. Moving away from the traditional focus on party systems, the demographic characteristics of voters, or political socialization, I consider instead how memory and narrative shape political consciousness. Specifically, I focus on how culturally sanctioned memories of warfare influence the political attitudes of 24 Vietnam veterans. I compare two groups of Vietnam veterans who went to Vietnam in support of the war and political status quo, but who returned with opposing attitudes toward war. How can we understand these contrasting outcomes? Specifically, how do memories of war shape political attitudes? Antiwar veterans relate similar narratives of having their idealistic views of war challenged and experiencing a major rethinking of their support when they learn the true nature of warfare. On the other hand, pro-war veterans share a patterned narrative of indifference rather than idealism when describing their continued support of the war and political status quo after they return from Vietnam. I conclude by arguing that memory and narrative are an important mechanism for shaping political attitudes.


The invention concerns a method for purifying PrPres from a biological sample to be used for qualitative and/or quantitative determination of the PrPres in said sample. The method essentially consists in: (1) incubating, during 30 seconds to 2 hours, at a temperature less than 80 DEG C, said biological sample with a buffer solution A comprising at least a surfactant in an amount ranging between a quarter and four times the weight of the biological sample and optionally a protease, to form a suspension S1; (2) adding to said suspension S1 resulting from (1) a buffer solution B in an amount sufficient for thinning said suspension, which buffer solution B consists of a solvent or mixture of solvents, which does not solubilize the PrPres and has a constant dielectric ranging between 10 and 25; (3) centrifuging the suspension S2 resulting from step (2); and (4) solubilizing said pellet in a buffer solution C comprising at least a surfactant and/or at least a chaotropic agent, at a temperature ranging between room temperature and 100 DEG C.


Abstract Geometrical and electronic structure of conformers was studied by optical spectroscopy and quantum chemistry methods. The interaction mechanism of phosphor-containing groups with an aromatic fragment in YC6H4PX2 (Y = H, Cl, Me, OMe, NMe2, C(O)OR; × = Alk, OAlk, NAlk2, Cl) and YC6H4P(Z)X2 (Y = H, C1, Me, OMe, NMe2; × = Alk, OAlk, NAlk2, F, C1; Z = O, S) compounds is discussed. In case of bisector conformation (A), where the benzene ring plane coincides with a XPX-angle bisectrix, ll-acceptor action of phosphorus-containing groups increases with X varying in a series: Alk <NAlk2 ≈ OAlk ≤ F4 << C1. These properties are displayed in ground and excited states of molecules, and are determined by interaction of PX2 and P(Z)X2 vacant group orbitals antisymmetric with respect to bisector plane with aromatic fragment π-orbitals. For phosphorchloride groups [sgrave]-π-conjugation dominates and the d-π-conjugation contribution is small. π-acceptor effect for P(0)X2is weaker than for PX2 and P(S)X2 groups (es...


The global optimal solution of a kind of indefinite quadratic programming was studied.Firstly,the indefinite quadratic programming was preconditioned by generalized Cholesky factorization,then concave-convex separation was carried out and the branch and bound algorithm was used to solve the last problem.The numerical test was performed with the typical samples and new region subdivision and linear approximation were adopted in the test.The validity of the algorithm was verified with the little running time and few iterations.


In addition to infecting the female reproductive tract (FRT), Chlamydia spp. infect the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract of animals and humans. In the GI tract Chlamydia spp. persists without causing pathology, is more resistant to azithromycin treatment, and can be a reservoir for reinfection of the FRT. To date no effective vaccines have been licensed for use in humans. We have found that sIgA responses in the FRT mirror the responses in the GI tract following feeding with a high dose soluble Ova, leading us to hypothesize that immunity in the FRT may be induced via per-oral (PO) antigen administration. To test this hypothesis, 6 week-old C57BL/6 mice were PO or sub-cutaneously (SC) primed with live or killed C. muridarum, then 28 days later SC boosted with killed C. muridarum. At day 42 mice were per vaginally challenged with 2×105 IFUs of C. muridarum and six weeks following challenge mice were euthanized for determination of hydrosalpinx severity and C. muridarum tissue loads. PO inoculation with live or killed C. muridarum followed by SC boosting significantly reduced hydrosalpinx pathology and C. muridarum titers in ovaries, uterus, and vaginal swabs compared to unimmunized controls and to mice primed and boosted SC with killed EBs. Neither form of immunization affected C. muridarum titers in the GI tract, in spite of relatively high Chlamydia-specific sIgA titers. Further analysis revealed that intestinal sIgA are almost exclusively specific for a single antigen (HSP60, a cytoplasmic antigen), while serum antibodies recognize multiple antigens. Our results indicate that while mucosal priming is essential for induction of protective immunity in the FRT, colonization of the GI tract by live Chlamydia is not necessary for mucosal priming.


Angular fluctuations of suspended mirrors in gravitational wave interferometers are a source of noise both for the locking and the operation of the detectors. We describe here some of the sources of these fluctuations and methods for the estimation of their order of magnitude.


The method of microwave digested-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was established for determination of the arsenic and the cadmium in reed.The test conditions were optimized to obtain following results: good linearity of the arsenic from 0 μg/L to 80.0 μg/L,of the cadmium from 0 μg/L to 10.0 μg/L;the detection limits of arsenic at 0.010 μg/L,of cadmium at 0.012 μg/L;the RSD of samples from 0.7% to 2.0%;the average recoveries from 84.0% to 107%.


The Mayan diabetic population of Chikinzonot Yucatan, Mexico, uses diverse medicinal plants to treat their disease. With the help of a mathematical tool, the Disease-Consensus Index (DCI), we identified Cecropia peltata (Cp) and Malmea depressa (Md) as the most widely used plants. Both plants result in a hypoglycemic effect in animal models and we found that the administration of both plants can improve glycemic control by blocking the hepatic glucose output, especially in the fasting state. These data support the traditional use of the plants as "agua de uso", an infusion of the plant consumed over the course of a day. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is defined as an elevated blood glucose level associated with absent or inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion, which may occur with or without impairment of insulin signaling. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by tissue resistance to the action of insulin combined with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. A given individual may exhibit either increased insulin resistance or increased beta-cell deficiency, and these abnormalities may be mild or severe. Although insulin is produced by beta cells in these patients, production is inadequate to overcome insulin resistance; therefore, blood glucose rises. Impaired insulin signaling also affects fat metabolism, resulting in increased free fatty acid flux, elevated triglyceride levels, and reciprocally low levels of high-density lipoprotein (American Diabetes Association, 2011). Ethnopharmacology can be defined as the study of traditionally used, biologically active natural products with the aim of understanding their therapeutic actions (AndradeCetto and Heinrich, 2011). The traditional use of medicinal plants among the Mexican population is wellestablished, and the use of 306 species for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been previously reported (Andrade-Cetto and Heinrich, 2005). In the Yucatec Maya community of Chikidnzonot, the plants Cecropia peltata L. (Cecropiaceae) and Malmea depressa (Baill) R.E. Fries (Annonaceae) are traditionally used in the control of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present article summarizes the previous works by our group on the selection of medicinal plants in Chikindzonot, Yucatan, Mexico, used by diabetic people, the hypoglycemic effect of the selected plants, and their proposed mechanism of action. Plant Selection With the aim of selecting species to treat a single chronic disease, Andrade-Cetto et al. (2006) developed the Disease-Consensus Index (DCI). For the application of the index, a questionnaire was formulated with answers that can be evaluated in a binary manner: 0 for no and 1 for yes. The questions must include personal knowledge of a specific species to treat the disease (see below). The index is a comparison based on mathematical aspects (limit theory), the ideal answers of informant reports (Cc), and the Proc. IS on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – IMAPS 2010 and "History of Mayan Ethnopharmacology" – IMAPS 2011 Eds.: J. Ghaemghami et al. Acta Hort. 964, ISHS 2012 230 ideal answers for each species (Vx). The DCI is calculated as follows: where (x) is any species. (mVxi) is the sum of the individual values obtained for one species within the community; it evaluates knowledge and mentions. (mVx) is the statistical mean of the individual values for one species; it evaluates knowledge. (Cc) is the correlation coefficient defined as the maximal number of informants who refer to a species; it evaluates mentions. (Pm) is the compensation factor and analyzes the dispersion for one species considering the mode of preparation and parts used. The following formula is used to calculate the DCI:


The pain and suffering of children with cancer became national news in the winter of 2000 with the publication of Wolfe's landmark paper in the New England Journal of Medicine, "Symptoms and Suffering Children with Cancer" [...].


Clinical success of total knee arthroplasty is correlated with correct orientation of the components. Controversy remains in the orthopaedic community as to whether the intramedullary or extramedullary tibial alignment guide is more accurate in the tibial cut. Is there any difference between intramedullary and extramedullary jigs to achieve better accuracy of the tibial components in total knee replacements? A retrospective study done on 100 patients during the time period 2007 to 2010. The 100 knee replacements were done by the same surgeon, where 50 patients had the intramedullary tibial alignment guide and the other 50 had the extramedullary one. The tibiofemoral angle was measured pre-operatively as well as post operatively, the tibial alignment angle was measured post operatively then the results were statistically analysed using the SPSS. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the tibial alignment angles. Both techniques proved accurate in producing an acceptable post operative tibial component alignment angle. We recommend orthopaedic surgeons choose either technique knowing that accuracy levels are similar. The debate between intramedullary and extramedullary tibial cutting jigs/guides/ devices continues and most orthopaedic surgeons will use their preferred technique and will continue to achieve good post operative results as we have found in our centre. Our study is rare due to the fact we have a single surgeon performing both techniques, therefore controlling for any surgical experience or operating technique differences.


The purpose of this paper is to present an original approach to research on emotion recognition using a multimodal input. Additionally, a paradigm of creating a therapeutic tool for behavioural rehabilitation is presented. The research material should consist of audio, video and EEG signals, as well as point cloud data extracted from a 3d sensor. It should be collected from a group of children with diagnosed Asperger's syndrome (AS), as well as a control group of normally developed children. AS differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Considering this fact, it is assumed that an interactive game, reacting to emotional state of a player, can be utilized as a therapeutic tool for behavioural rehabilitation for children with Asperger's syndrome.


In this paper, we have developed a stochastic epidemic model with Poisson infection rate without removal. Poisson infection rate is depending on the number of persons infected in the system. AMS Classification: 62P10, 65C20, 65C35, 65C50.


Cu‐doped ZnO films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering at room temperature in an atmosphere of argon and oxygen. The properties of Cu‐doped ZnO films were characterized and their field emission was studied. The field emission is related to the defect energy levels of Zn interstitials. Cu doping can weaken the field emission by reducing the number of Zn interstitials, deteriorating the crystalline quality and forming electron traps. The content of Cu has to be carefully controlled to achieve a field emission with a large current density and a low threshold voltage.


Buildings are the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters, both in the developed and developing countries. In continental Europe, the energy use in buildings alone is responsible for up to 50% of carbon dioxide emission. Urgent changes are, therefore, required relating to energy saving, emissions control, production and application of materials, use of renewable resources, and to recycling and reuse of building materials. In addition, the development of new eco-friendly building materials and practices is of prime importance owing to the growing environmental concerns. This review reflects the key tendencies in the sector of sustainable building materials of a non-metallic nature that have occurred over the past decade or so.


It was argued in an earlier paper [Pandit, 1982] that while supply constraints are important, problems arising from inadequate demand should not be assumed away even when dealing with a less developed country (LDC).1 The paper also made the point that less developed countries suffer from inade? quacy of policy instruments and/or the inability to use effectively whatever policy instruments are available. As a result, several policy variables which are, in principle, exogenous become, in fact, endogenised. Following this line of reasoning, the present paper focusses on three related issues which are important in explaining the recent experience of the Indian economy.lt examines more closely the role of the agricultural sector in determining the level of economic activity and price behaviour with the help of an updated and revised macroeconometric model. The paper also considers explicitly the saving-investment equilibrium and how inflation imp? inges upon this equilibrium. The third objective of the paper is to explain how the impact of changes in the supply of money on the real variables depends on the way in which these changes come about?giving rise to a trade-off between inflation and growth. The adjustments considered here are medium term in nature in the sense that price and quantity feedback effects work with two to three year lags.


Digital twins are virtual replicas of physical entities that go beyond a still image and encompass the dynamic functionality of the real-life object. They are widely used in industries such as construction and aviation. Their advent is said to mark the fourth industrial revolution for the innovation of new products and services. The concept is increasingly entering the healthcare industry with the aim of creating molecular and phenotypic copies of human beings that can allow for trialling of different therapies to elucidate the most efficacious treatment for the real-life patient. Although the literature is increasingly discussing the potential for medical specialities such as cardiology and oncology, there are few articles discussing their potential in surgical practice.


This publication gives DSTATCOM voltage regulated for minimum designation of voltage. The voltage controller anticipated that by delaying endeavors until comprehensive verification had been designed for establishing the worries of policies, it would quickly reach the code matrix. For the 3-4 wire inverter voltage sources and accompanying minimum pass channel requirement, force phase is taken into consideration here. Moreover, the control model produces 2 transport dc voltages and 3 voltage circles by active damping. For the purpose of broadening the controller's approach, combining two rings has been considered: the potential of using fewer power points while excluding unnecessary response flow compensation. Also, the repeating circle allows for the use of available data during coupling impact to enable the controller voltage as a lattice-free, primarily edge of design. The tests outcomes exhibited guideline confine, the stress points have been computed for straight and non-linear burdens


During the last few years, considerable attention has been given to the r6le of insects in the spread of disease. Much work has been done in elucidating life-histories, more particularly of the parasitic flagellates peculiar to insects and having no apparent connection with vertebrate maladies. Many flagellates that are seemingly limited to insects, however, are not so innocuous to vertebrates as they appear at first sight. The introduction of certain of the parasitic Mastigophora, notably members of the genera Herpetomonas and Crithidia, into vertebrates by the latter swallowing the infected insects or by forms of the parasite entering the vertebrate host by way of wounds or abrasions of the skin, has been shown to result in pathogenic effects to the said hosts. Laveran and Franchini have demonstrated the exis-


Forest sites in the eastern half of the State of Sao Paulo were surveyed to determine the oribatid mite fauna in areas of Cerrado (dry savannah) and Mata Atlântica (tropical rain forest) ecosystems. Samples of bark, fruits, leaves, litter, soil and terminal shoots were taken from selected species of Myrtaceae (Cerrado) and Arecaceae (Mata Atlântica). Fifty-six oribatid species, belonging to 48 genera in 34 families, were represented. Seven of these are new records for the State of Sao Paulo, and 20 are new records for Brazil.


In this paper, we analyze the problem of supporting conflict-free access for multiple stride families in parallel memory schemes targeted for SIMD processing systems. We propose a Single-Affiliation Multiple-Stride (SAMS) scheme to support both unit-stride and strided conflict-free vector memory accesses. We compare our scheme against other previously proposed techniques using buffers and inter-vector out-of-order access. The main advantage of our proposal is that the atomic parallel access is supported without limiting the vector lengths. This provides better support when short vectors are considered. Our scheme also has the merit of better memory module resources utilization compared to the solutions with additional modules. Synthesis results for reconfigurable platform Virtex2-Pro FPGA indicate that the address translation of the SAMS scheme has efficient hardware implementation, which has a logic delay of less than 3 ns and trivial hardware resource utilization.


Several gas-phase carbonyl products of two terpenes, β-pinene and D-limonene, and of the sesquiterpene, transcaryophyllene, have been identified and their concentrations measured in experiments involving the reaction of these unsaturated biogenic hydrocarbons with ozone in the dark. Cyclohexane was added as a scavenger for the hydroxyl radical to minimize interferences from OH, which forms as a product of the ozone-hydrocarbon reaction. Carbonyl products were formaldehyde (yield = 0.42) and nopinone (yield = 0.22) from β-pinene, formaldehyde (yield = 0.10) and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene from D-limonene, and formaldehyde (yield 0.08) from transcaryophyllene. The nature and yields of these products are discussed in terms of the ozone-olefin reaction mechanism. The ozone-β-pinene reaction rate constant, measured in the presence of cyclohexane, is 12.2 ± 1.3 x 10^(-18) cm^3 molecule^(-1) s^(-1) at 22 ± 1 °C. Carbonyl products have also been identified in exploratory experiments with trans-caryophyllene and NO in sunlight.


We exploit the speed of an ordinal optimization (OO)-based simulation tool designed by Hsieh et al. (1999) to investigate dynamic selection of scheduling rules for semiconductor wafer fabrication (FAB). Although a scheduling rule is a combination of loading wafer release and dispatching rules, this paper specifically focuses on dispatching when significant amount of wafers-in-process are held due to engineering causes and when major machine failures occur. Four prominent dispatching rules combined with the wafer release policy of workload regulation constitute a basic set of rule options. The dispatching rule may be weekly selected based on FAB states over a four-week horizon. A total of 756 rule options are then evaluated and ranked by the OO-based simulation tool under the performance index of mean cycle time and throughput rate. Results demonstrate the value of dynamic rule selection for uncertainty handling, the insightful selection of good rules and the needs for further research.


An automatic, computer-controlled micromalter with several advantages over current designs has been constructed. All operations are carried out in the one cabinet, and it is not necessary to intervene at any point during the malting process. The sample containers were constructed so that mechanical deculming of groups of ten large or fifteen small samples could be carried out in ten minutes. Initially, the capacity of the micro malter was 40 × 100 gm or 70 × 60 gm samples. These capacities were doubled by the use of longditudinal dividers slid into each canister, making the apparatus suitable for screening of samples submitted from the early generations of a breeding programme. The results obtained by malting 36 large and 60 small samples of the same variety; six replicates of six varieties; and subsamples of a bulk of a single variety in 37 subsequent runs all indicated that the instrument provided satisfactory separation and ranking between samples of differing malting qualities and grouped samples of similar malting qualities together.


The holomorph of a free group Fn is the semidirect product Fn ⋊ Aut(Fn). Using the methods of Hatcher and Vogtmann in [10] and [11], we derive stability results and calculate the mod-p homology of these holomorphs for odd primes p in dimensions 1 and 2, and their rational homology in dimensions 1 through 5. Calculations of the twisted (where Aut(Fn) acts by first projecting to Gln(Z) and then including in Gln(Q)) homology H∗(Aut(Fn); Q n) follow in corresponding dimensions. AMS Classification 20F32, 20J05; 20F28, 55N91


-When mice were given the specific antimetabolite of serotonin, viz., 1-benzyl-2,5-dimethylserotonin or BAS, followed by 5-hydroxytryptophan, the serotonin content of their brains was markedly increased. This was reflected in behavioral changes and thus was an indication that the excess serotonin in the brain was pharmacologically active. Some of the effects on peripheral organs, however, were prevented. This was true of the diarrhea, due to intestinal contractions, which 5-hydroxytryptophan caused to a marked degree in unprotected animals. The relationship of these results to experimental psychiatry has been indicated.


This paper deals with Margaret Atwood's novel Cat's Eye and its depiction of alienation, victimization and recovery in the life of its protagonist, Elaine Risley. Highlighting Elaine's sense of displacement and her feelings of fellowship with minority figures, the paper provides insights into these processes by relying on postcolonial theories of othering and cultural resistance. It first explores how Elaine is bullied, marginalized and alienated when the cultural and social differences of a new environment make her a target for allegations of abnormality. The focus then shifts to Elaine's development and maturation as a form of recovery, as well as to the roles that art, memory and compassion play in this process. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Cat's Eye depicts both an instance of othering and the heroine's struggle to reverse it. However, even for Elaine, a member of the white middle class, such a reversal remains inevitably incomplete.


In this note a methodology for the analysis of road accidents on stretches of motorways is proposed, which allows the definition of a danger limit for the minimum unit of road to which they are divided. The procedure has been applied to a real case, using information reconstructed on the basis of the data from the management of the road and its center for data elaboration, and from the statistical elaboration of the same data using Gaussian probability distribution. The study for the identification of the danger points gave results corresponding to reality and initiated an analysis towards finding the probable causes of road accidents.


The global increase in infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is severely impacting our ability to successfully treat common infections. Herein, we report the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis (including some MDR strains) of a panel of adarotene-related synthetic retinoids. In many cases, these compounds showed, together with favorable MICs, a detectable bactericidal effect. We found that the pattern of substitution on adarotene could be modulated to obtain selectivity for antibacterial over the known anticancer activity of these compounds. NMR experiments allowed us to define the interaction between adarotene and a model of microorganism membrane. Biological assessment confirmed that the scaffold of adarotene is promising for further developments of non-toxic antimicrobials active on MDR strains.


We consider the mixed $q$-Gaussian algebras introduced by Speicher which are generated by the variables $X_i=l_i+l_i^*,i=1,\ldots,N$, where $l_i^* l_j-q_{ij}l_j l_i^*=\delta_{i,j}$ and $-1<q_{ij}=q_{ji}<1$. Using the free monotone transport theorem of Guionnet and Shlyakhtenko, we show that the mixed $q$-Gaussian von Neumann algebras are isomorphic to the free group von Neumann algebra $L(\mathbb{F}_N)$, provided that $\max_{i,j}|q_{ij}|$ is small enough. The proof relies on some estimates which are generalizations of Dabrowski's results for the special case $q_{ij}\equiv q$.


In this the book we present the Meta - regression as a technique that is widely used technique in applied economics, than we prowe and test 2 out of 6 international macroeconomics puzzles: Feldstein - Horioka puzzle, andBaxter - Stockman neutrality of exchange rate regime puzzle. also weinvestigate the issue of inflation and unemployment trade off and themoney and output. Also we write about population and growth theories and we empiricaly test the theories on a sample of Balkan countries.


Numerical simulation of the sediment by the Delft3d model was conducted to examine the changes in the sediment budget transport caused by long-term wave changes at the Maengbang beach. Representative waves were generated with input reduction tools using NOAA NCEP wave data for about 40 years, i.e., from January 1979 to May 2019. To determine the adequacy of the model, wave and depth changes were compared and verified using wave and depth data observed for about 23 months beginning in March 2017. As a result of the error analysis, the bias was 0.05 and the root mean square error was 0.23, which indicated that the numerical wave results were satisfactory. Also, the observed change in depth and numerical result were similar. In addition, to examine the effect due to long-term changes in the waves, the NOAA wave data classified into each of the representative wave grades, and then the annual trend of the representative wave was analyzed. After deciding the weight of each wave class considering the changed wave environment in 2100, the amounts of sedimentation, deposition, and the sediment transport budget were reviewed for the same period. The results indicated that the sedimentation pattern did not change significantly compared to the current state, and the amount of the local sediment budget shown in the present state was slightly less. And there has been a local increase in the number of sediment budget transport, but there is no significant difference in the net and amount of sediment movements. Received 6 November 2019, revised 5 December 2019, accepted 13 December 2019 Corresponding author Gweon-Su Kim: +82-70-8622-7985, firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-2832 c 2019, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Numerical simulations of dynamic stall phenomena have been performed using an implicit-unfa ctored Navier-Stokes solver and various turbulence closures, including linear and non-linear low-Re eddy-viscosity models. The accuracy of the models has been assessed against a range of experimental data. The results obtained so far indicate that the non-linear eddy-viscosity models predict better the shedding of the dynamic-stall vortex and the unsteady aerodynamic loads.


A look at the Black American of today, his efforts to find a position in the mainstream of American life, and the factors that have historically and currently aggravated this attempt provides an interesting commentary on enforced group regression of psychosocial development and later progression toward original status.


A long-series mass balance (MB) of glaciers can be used to study glacier–climate relationships. Using a distributed simplified energy balance model (SEBM) and an enhanced temperature-index model (ETIM), the MB of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 (LHG12) was reconstructed from 1980 to 2020, driven by a calibrated ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The simulation of SEBM performs better than that of ETIM. The results showed that the annual MB of LGH12 is a fluctuating trend of declining from 1980 to 2020, with annual means of −0.39 ± 0.28 m w.e. a−1 and cumulative value of −16 ± 4 m w.e. During 1980–1990, the annual MB fluctuated in a small range, while after 1990, LHG12 accelerated melting owing to rising air temperature, with annual means of −0.48 m w.e. a−1, three times as large as that of 1980–1990. The largest mass loss occurred during 2001–2010 at an average rate of −0.57 m w.e. a−1. The average equilibrium line altitude (ELA) was 4976 m a.s.l., and since 1980, the ELA has been increasing at a rate of 37.5 m/10 a. LHG12 is most sensitive to air temperature, and the MB sensitivity reaches −0.51 m w.e. a−1 with air temperature increase of 1 °C. The sensitivity of MB to incoming shortwave radiation (+10%) simulated by SEBM is −0.30 m w.e. a−1, three times larger than that simulated by ETIM. This is mainly because the two models have different conditions for controlling melting. Melting is controlled only by air temperature for ETIM, while for SEBM, it is controlled by air temperature and incoming shortwave radiation.


This article considers the relative changes in the supply of and demand for labor that will occur in all developed nations as a consequence of the aging those populations will undergo over the next several generations. The demand for labor will greatly outstrip supply due largely to demographic aging and its economic consequences. Even allowing for the possibility of increases in labor force participation among older persons, other means will have to be found to achieve greater demand/supply balance in the labor market. The author suggests increased immigration as a possible solution and examines the consequences of a hypothetical increase in immigration. For purposes of il lustration, data from the United States are employed throughout the paper.


The micro-irrigation equipment industry has become an industrial chain,which can create tens of billions outcomes per year.In order to guarantee properly the development of the micro-irrigation industry,it is urgent to improve micro-irrigation standards so as to normatively guide the production of the corporations and the market regulation.With the rapid development of micro-irrigation industry in China,the current micro-irrigation standards cannot meet the practical needs unless the formulation and revision of the related standards to be made according to the achievement of latest technologies and new products.Based on studying the current situation and trends of the domestic and foreign standards of micro-irrigation,the framework and detailed catalog of micro-irrigation is established in this paper,which could be a planning blueprint for next formulation and revision of the national and industrial standards.As a result,some specific analysis and suggestions on formulation and revision of the national and industrial standards are proposed according to the planning blueprint.


Background In-person, conservative care may decrease opioid use for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, but the impact of digitally delivered conservative care on opioid use is unknown. This study examines associations between a digital MSK program and opioid initiation and prescriptions among opioid naive adults with chronic MSK pain. Methods This observational study used commercial medical and pharmacy claims data to compare digital MSK program members to matched physical therapy (PT) patients. Outcomes were any opioid prescriptions and opioid prescriptions per 100 participants within the 12-months after starting a digital MSK program. After propensity-score matching, we conducted multivariate regression models that controlled for demographic, comorbidity, and baseline MSK healthcare use. Results The study included 4195 members and 4195 matched PT patients. For opioid initiation, 7.89% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.07%, 8.71%) of members had opioid prescriptions within 12 months after starting the digital MSK program versus 13.64% (95% CI: 12.60%, 14.67%) of matched PT patients (p < 0.001). Members had significantly fewer opioid prescriptions (16.73 per 100 participants; 95% CI: 14.11, 19.36) versus PT patients (22.36 per 100 participants; 95% CI: 19.99, 24.73). Members had lower odds (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.60) of initiating opioids and significantly fewer prescriptions per 100 participants (beta: −6.40, 95% CI: −9.88, −2.93) versus PT patients after controlling for available confounding factors. Conclusion An MSK program that delivers conservative care digitally may be a promising approach for decreasing opioid initiation among individuals with chronic MSK pain given the limitations of the observational design and matching on only available covariates.


Currently, the possible role of intestinal microorganisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of mental illness is being actively studied all over the world. Every year the number of studies is steadily increasing, however, in the Russian-speaking environment, an awareness of this issue and the number of extensive reviews of scientific literature still remain at an insignificant level. The aim of this study is to review and systematize the scientific literature and clinical studies on the impact of the intestinal microbiome on the etiology and pathogenesis of depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The actual studies were conducted in sick volunteers and animal models using different approaches: comparison of the composition of the gut microbiota between affected subjects and controls; observation of behavioral changes in affected subjects after administration of pathogenic intestinal microbiota or probiotics. Definite regularities in the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the taxonomic units of various microorganisms were revealed.


In China,traditional manufacturing have achieved the technological and product upgrading by embedding GVC manufacturing process,but they can not make functional upgrading. In order to avoid the emerging industry development to face the trouble of " capture type",we need to analysis the value chain type and the innovational path which the emerging industry should relu on. In this paper,we study and discuss the innovative path and characteristics of the emerging industries and traditional industries. Through the statistics and measurement of innovative characteristic data of the traditional and emerging industries in Kunshan,we discover the emerging industry has a feature of innovation openness. It mainly distributes in NVC and presents a new trend in GVC. But the innovative cooperation partner of the traditional industry is always single and mainly dependent on the chain of GVC. Secondly,the innovative direction of the emerging industry has complementary characteristics,and has a higher initiative. But the innovation of the traditional industry is more attached to the low- end and unidirectional training of the main chain of GVC,and it is in passive position. Lastly,the innovative depth of the emerging industry has the mutability features,and it can obtain the core technology. While the traditional industry is mainly implement incremental innovation,hardly to obtain the core technology. Therefore,we propose that we should strengthen regional industrial integration,raising cooperation innovation among NVC,promoting research combination among government industry and university,strengthen the complementary innovation with GVC,accelerate the transformation of technological achievements,aiming at get the core technology of emerging industry.


Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two different exercise training protocols on myocardial fibrosis and the expression of some growth factors in aged rats. Method Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group, continuous exercise training (CET) group, and the control group. After 6 weeks of experiment, mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), adropin proteins, and myocardial fibrosis were assessed. Results HIIT and CET induced a significant increase in the FGF-2 and adropin and a decrease in the myocardial fibrosis in compared with the control group. HIIT induced a significant increase in the VEGF if compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between CET and control group. Conclusion Six weeks of HIIT and CET attenuated age-related myocardial fibrosis thereby an increase in angiogenesis-related molecules in cardiac and endothelial tissues.


Land conversion from semi-natural grassland to intensively managed pasture (for sheep, beef and dairy production) has altered the near-surface, soil moisture regime across much of the uplands of Europe. This widespread conversion has modified both the temporal distributions and spatial structure of surface volumetric wetness, thus affecting the incidence of flood producing overland flow and resilience of the grasslands to drought stresses. In order to investigate these spatiotemporal dynamics, an intensive fieldwork campaign captured high-resolution (1m2) surface volumetric wetness from a 1536m2 paired-plot monitored over a year including both drought and fully saturated conditions. The measurements and combined statistical and geostatistical analyses form part of integrated studies into the hydrological effects of agricultural interventions to mitigate floods in the Cumbrian mountains of the UK. The intensive monitoring highlighted significant temporal variations between land-uses. The pasture dried faster than the semi-natural grassland with the onset of a severe drought, but these effects were more than offset by the application of livestock slurry. This artificial wetting did however produce a more rapid build-up of moisture in the pasture with autumn storms. The large rain-event of Storm Diana (28-29 Nov 2019) did, however fully saturate both the pasture and semi-natural grassland to generate visible saturation-excess overland flow. Seasonal changes in the spatial patterns of volumetric wetness were equally evident. The semi-natural grassland contained significantly larger variation within soil moisture statistical distributions and substantially larger coefficients of variation compared to the pasture throughout the study. Very weak spatial structure was observed within the semi-natural grassland. Conversely, a relatively strong spatial structure was observed within the pasture plot, which intensified with saturation, suggesting farming practices (ploughing, reseeding, artificial inputs, etc.) have removed natural soil moisture variability and encouraged moisture redistribution. A geostatistical model showed that the weak semi-natural grassland spatial structure remained relatively stationary, whereas the pasture showed extreme non-stationarity, with increasing saturation causing a gradual transition from an exponential to a gaussian geostatistical relationship. The work highlights the complexity of spatiotemporal soil moisture dynamics taking place at the metre-to-decimetre-scales through wetting-and-drying cycles and the strong impact of pasture management upon this. It justifies the need for both intensive soil moisture sampling at experimental sites, sampling across seasons, and the need for combined statistical and geostatistical analyses. Further such analyses in the uplands of Europe are needed if we are to better understand the effects of pastureland management on flood and drought hydrology, and to use this knowledge to mitigate our impacts on floods and droughts.


AIM:To report a case of Susac-syndrome (SS) in a 25 years old female with sudden peripheral visual field defects and hearing loss.·METHODS:A 25 years old female with sudden peri-pheral visual field defects and hearing loss was reported,and the correlations between retinal findings in ultra-widefield-angiography and presented visual field defects were documented.·RESULTS:Our patient presented the characteristic clinical triad of SS.Certain correlations between retinal findings in ultra-widefield-angiography and visual field defects could be shown.·CONCLUSION:Ultra-widefield-angiography has been proven to be a valuable tool to detect and follow peripheral lesions of SS in clinical management.


By using the general linear quantum transformation theory, the quantum oscillator is solved, and the condition of the quantum oscillator tend to classical limit is given by analogy with classicaloscillator. The coherent state is the most ideal classical limit state.


The utility model relates to a device for ramming the foundation. The utility model provides a rammer with heavy hammer which has a good effect to ramming the foundation and low demand for the foundation soil quality. A cone rammer with heavy hammer is composed of a hammer body and a grommet. The bottom of the hammer body is in shape of the inverted cone and the upper side of the hammer body is in shape of the column. Hammer blades which radiate outward from the tip of the cone, are arranged on the surface of the bottom of the inverted cone. Hammer wings are installed symmetrically on the surface of the upper side of the column.


: In this paper, we introduce a novel classification framework for hyperspectral images (HSIs) by jointly employing spectral, spatial, and hierarchical structure information. In this framework, the three types of information are integrated into the SVM classifier in a way of multiple kernels. Specifically, the spectral kernel is constructed through each pixel's vector value in the original HSI, and the spatial kernel is modeled by using the extended morphological profile method due to its simplicity and effectiveness. To accurately characterize hierarchical structure features, the techniques of Fish-Markov selector (FMS), marker-based hierarchical segmentation (MHSEG) and algebraic multigrid (AMG) are combined. First, the FMS algorithm is used on the original HSI for feature selection to produce its spectral subset. Then, the multigrid structure of this subset is constructed using the AMG method. Subsequently, the MHSEG algorithm is exploited to obtain a hierarchy consist of a series of segmentation maps. Finally, the hierarchical structure information is represented by using these segmentation maps. The main contributions of this work is to present an effective composite kernel for HSI classification by utilizing spatial structure information in multiple scales. Experiments were conducted on two hyperspectral remote sensing images to validate that the proposed framework can achieve better classification results than several popular kernel-based classification methods in terms of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Specifically, the proposed classification framework can achieve 13.46–15.61% in average higher than the standard SVM classifier under different training sets in the terms of overall accuracy.


The study conducted a primary investigation into the relationship between information system and trust in e-government followed by a secondary one into the relationship between trust in e-government and intention to use. It followed a quantitative approach of data collection through the use of questionnaire survey. The findings revealed that information quality, system quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and security- privacy contributed positively to trust in e-government while the latter impacted intention to use. Moreover, the study's findings supported the rationale behind the IS theories (TAM and IS Success Model) and security-privacy were proven to illustrate trust in e-government adoption initiative. The findings theoretical and practical implications and limitation and suggestions for future research were discussed towards the end of the study.


Dibromomethyl substituted poly(ary1 ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has been prepared from methylpoly(ary1 ether ether ketone) by bromination with bromine. Hydrolysis of dibromomethyl-PEEK in aqueous NMP afforde the aldehyde substituted PEEK. Oxidation of aldehyde PEEK with sodium chlorite gives the carboxylated PEEK. The carboxylic acid group is mnverted to the methyl ester. The structure of these polymers ia characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 1BC NMR, and size-exclusion chromatography. The glass transition temperatures and thermal stabilities have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.


Compounds having the formula: ** (Formula) wherein ** ** (Formula) ** is a ring selected from the following: ** (Formula) ** (ie, B is selected from the following: ** (Formula) ** in which formulas: ** (Formula) **, provided that when ** (Formula) ** and vice versa; W and X are each independently carbon or nitrogen; Y is carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, provided that at least one of W, X and Y is not carbon; G is SO2 or -P (O) R10; L is a phenyl, naphthyl or heteroaryl, with the proviso G and Z may not be bonded to adjacent atoms of L, Z is O, NH, S or CH2; ** (Formula) ** where K is O, NR9 or S; R5 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms carbon, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, -CN or -CCH; R8 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-6 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl- or 5 to 10 members having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, NR9, O and S and; R9 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, or phenyl; and R10 is phenyl, naphthyl, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl 5-7 membered ring; or acceptable from the pharmaceutical point of view. salt thereof


Recent studies support the existence of a common progenitor for the cardiac and endothelial cell lineages, but the underlying transcriptional networks responsible for specification of these cell fates remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that Ets-related protein 71 (Etsrp71), a newly discovered ETS family transcription factor, was a novel downstream target of the homeodomain protein, Nkx2–5. Using genetic mouse models and molecular biological techniques, we demonstrated that Nkx2–5 binds to an evolutionarily conserved Nkx2–5 response element in the Etsrp71 promoter and induces the Etsrp71 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Etsrp71 was transiently expressed in the endocardium/endothelium of the developing embryo (E7.75-E9.5) and was extinguished during the latter stages of development. Using a gene disruption strategy, we found that Etsrp71 mutant embryos lacked endocardial/endothelial lineages and were nonviable. Moreover, using transgenic technologies and transcriptional and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we further established that Tie2 is a direct downstream target of Etsrp71. Collectively, our results uncover a novel functional role for Nkx2–5 and define a transcriptional network that specifies an endocardial/endothelial fate in the developing heart and embryo.


Constructing a steiner tree of a graph is a fundamental problem in many applications. Prize collecting steiner tree (PCST) is a special variant of the steiner tree problem and has applications in network design, content distribution etc. There are a few centralized approximation algorithms \cite{DB_MG_DS_DW_1993, GW_1995, AA_MB_MH_2011} for solving the PCST problem. However no distributed algorithm is known that solves the PCST problem with non-trivial approximation factor. In this work we present a distributed algorithm that constructs a prize collecting steiner tree for a given connected undirected graph with non-negative weight for each edge and non-negative prize value for each node. Initially each node knows its own prize value and weight of each incident edge. Our algorithm is based on primal-dual method and it achieves an approximation factor of $(2 - \frac{1}{n - 1})$ of the optimal. The total number of messages required by our distributed algorithm to construct the PCST for a graph with $|V|$ nodes and $|E|$ edges is $O(|V|^2 + |E||V|)$. The algorithm is spontaneously initiated at a special node called the root node and when the algorithm terminates each node knows whether it is in the prize part or in the steiner tree of the PCST.


The article presents the experience of application of preparation containing vitamin in complex rectal suppositories (riboflavin, cocarboxylase, lipoic acid) in infants and young children .


Group VI sulfides were synthesized via coprecipitation of elemental sulfur and metal hexacarbonyl and characterized with XRD, XPS, and TEM. These materials were then demonstrated as active catalysts for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of neat ethanol to ethyl acetate, rapidly reaching equilibrium conversion and up to 90% selectivity. Other primary alcohols form the corresponding esters, while diols formed the corresponding cyclic ethers and oligomers.


We herein report a 70-year-old man with malaise and muscle weakness that had developed within a month. The patient also had abdominal fullness due to polycystic kidney disease. Severe proximal skeletal muscle weakness and mild elevation of creatinine kinase to 301 IU/L were noted. A muscle biopsy of the right bicep showed polymyositis. Computed tomography showed a right renal mass, and an analysis after right nephrectomy identified clear cell carcinoma. The muscle weakness subsided one month after nephrectomy and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Therefore, we suspect that the development of polymyositis in this patient was closely related to renal cell carcinoma.


Abstract THE phenomenally rapid rate of growth of the White Pekin duck is well known. Reported average weights at nine weeks of age are 4.85 and 5.77 pounds (Horton, 1928; Elford, 1925, 1927) as compared to 2.00 and 2.60 pounds (Hoffmann, 1946; Klein, 1949) for relatively rapid growing chickens. The marked difference in growth rate between the species is also reflected in the maximum size attained. A White Pekin drake attained the remarkable weight of 10.5 pounds at 68 days of age (Hunter and Scholes, 1943), as compared to a New Hampshire cockerel that weighed 5.12 pounds at 77 days (Jull, 1949). Recent work with chickens has established a relationship between rate of growth and thyroxine secretion. Fast growing strains have an inherently higher thyroxine secretion rate than slower growing strains (Glazener and Shaffner, 1949). The question naturally arises whether differences in growth rate between species can also be partially accounted . . .


Aggregators, as the interface of electric vehicles (EVs) and distribution system, are the market agents of EVs to participate in demand response (DR) and other balancing services. Aggregators can enlarge benefit room from Vehicle to Grid (V2G) by providing flexible V2G price to EV users as long as they can secure a certain amount of V2G energy. In order to be competitive among fellow aggregators, aggregator needs to study V2G pricing strategy. In this study, EV user's and aggregator's benefit model are established, which considering the historical charging cost, the cost of battery loss in V2G process and users' inconvenience cost. The benefits of aggregator and EV users are set as the game factors, and the optimal V2G pricing strategy for each aggregator is obtained by using Stackelberg game during game of the multistakeholders. In this paper, the simulation of V2G price for 750 EVs and 3 aggregators is carried out, and the impact of increasing number of EV users on each aggregator under this pricing strategy is verified.


The present invention discloses multiple treatment regimens for vascular-related diseases and disorders. The present invention provides for methods of treating vascular-related disorders based on gene expression studies from Samples collected from individuals having symptoms of vascular-re lated disorders. Additionally, methods are disclosed involv ing diagnostic techniques to focus treatment regimens. Finally, methods of treating vascular-related disorder involv ing targeting microRNAS are also disclosed.


A version control system helps multiple developers working on the same code base. It keeps copies of previous code versions, which is helpful for debugging and software change analysis. It also allows to merge concurrent edits of text files. We use the version control system git for our tutorial. Download and install git from http://git-scm.com/download/mac. Switch to the directory ex-03/git-repo before continuing. Git is a distributed version control system. This makes creating new repositories very easy. Transform this directory to a repository using the following command: > g i t i n i t -b a r e


Background: In CALGB 40601 (Alliance, NCT00770809), a neoadjuvant phase III trial of paclitaxel and trastuzumab with or without lapatinib for 12 weeks for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, 33% of pretreatment tumors were Luminal A subtype, however, 69% of post-treatment samples with residual disease were Luminal A subtype. In addition, 71% of Luminal B (12/17) and 67% of HER2-Enriched (6/9) tumors changed into Luminal A, while 80% of Luminal A (20/24) remained Luminal A (Carey et al. J Clin Oncol. 2016). It is not known whether this shift to Luminal A was transient or permanent. Methods: We selected matched pairs of pre- and post-treatment 40601 samples with tumor purity >10% based upon DNA analyses to ensure all samples contained tumor. PAM50 intrinsic subtyping was applied to the 40601 samples gene expression data using a two-step normalization process based on The Genome Cancer Atlas, and PAM50 training set. In addition, a HER2-enriched expression subtype patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor called WHIM35, was studied and was either untreated (n=10), or treated with lapatinib at 220 mg/kg for 1 week (wk) (n=5), for 2 wks (n=8), or for 3 wks (n=4). We also treated WHIM35 tumors with lapatinib for 2 wks (on) and then removed laptinib for 1 wk (off) (n=6), or for 2 wks on and 2-4 wk off (n=6), and finally for 3 wks on, and 1 wk off (n=3). PAM50 intrinsic subtyping was applied to the PDX gene expression data and subtype assessed as well as a genomic-based proliferation score. ANOVA p-values were calculated by comparing median values across all gene signature or correlation scores. Results: We found 10 pairs of 40601 samples that kept their tumor purity values, however, their subtype changed to Luminal A after treatment (i.e., in the residual disease), and in these cases no minor tumor subclone became a dominant clone in the post treatment sample. Pretreatment subtypes were 6 Luminal B, 3 Luminal A, and 1 HER2-enriched. The tumor purity values did not change after the treatments, but correlation to Luminal A was significantly higher (p=0.01), while correlation to HER2-enriched (p=0.004) and proliferation signature scores (p=0.003) were significantly lower in the post-treatment samples. Among the WHIM35 PDX tumors, one sample changed its subtype from HER2-enriched to Luminal A after the lapatinib treatment and the rest remained HER2-enriched, suggesting environmental differences between patient samples and the PDX model. However, correlation to Luminal A was significantly higher in all lapatinib treated WHIM35 samples (p=8.3e-12), and notably went back to the initial low levels just one week after removing lapatinib. Likewise, correlation to HER2-enriched (p=1.2e-10) and proliferation signature scores (p=6.2e-12) also got lower while treated with lapatinib, but went back to the initial levels after cessation of treatment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the apparent subtype change during HER2-targeting therapy is not permanent, but is more likely a transient state change from a HER2-enriched subtype into a more Luminal A-like state. When we plan additional treatment strategies using residual disease phenotypes, it may not be clear what is the true subtype of the sample due to this inherent plasticity. Citation Format: Tanioka M, Parker JS, Henry LN, Tolaney S, Dang C, Krop IE, Harris L, Polley M, Berry DA, Winer EP, Carey LA, Perou CM. Transient state change, but not permanent subtype change, after HER2-targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-04.


Five promising early season sugarcane clones along with two standard varieties were tested for their adaptability in the North Western Agro-climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu. The trials were conductedin farmers holdings of three sugar mills located at Palacode (Dharmapuri district), Kethandapatti (Vellore district) and Mohanur (Salem district) during 2010-11 and 2011-12 planting seasons with two plant and one ratoon crops. Data on growth (germination %, tiller number), yield attributes (number of millable canes, cane height, cane diameter, internode number, internode length), juice quality (CCS %), cane yield and sugar yield at harvest were recorded. The results indicated that the clone Co 99006 exhibited good performance for cane and sugar yield in the given environment and was identified to be suitable for commercial cultivation in North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu.


Objective: It is important to assess the likelihood of cardiovascular disease in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). According to the literature, frontal QRS-T may be a cardiovascular disease indicator.
Material and Method: In the present investigation, we studied the demographic details, electrocardiogram (ECG) variables, and blood test results of 90 healthy controls (HC) and 97 patients we followed for BD diagnosis.
Results: Age and gender trends were similar between the BD and HC groups (p=0.844 and p=0.664). BD had a higher mean number of fragmented QRS (fQRS) than the HC group, and fQRS was more frequent (p=0.002 and p=0.007). The frontal QRS-T angle was wider in the BD group than it was in the HC group (p=0.038). Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocytes to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were statistically greater in BD patients (p=0.021, p


Calcite cement is a common diagenetic mineral in carbonate rocks and plays an important role on rock quality as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Traditionally, oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) of the diagenetic calcites tend to decrease with increasing depths due to temperature-dependent isotope fractionation. In this study, the stable isotope compositions of the calcite cements in the Changxing and Feixianguan formations from the Puguang, Yuanba, Jiannan and Fuling carbonate fields in the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. The results show that some calcite cements have δ18O values similar to those of their host carbonates, despite the fact that these calcites formed at elevated temperatures (>∼100°C). Based on petrographic and geochemical analyses, the 18O-enriched calcites commonly occur with solid bitumens and have lower δ13C values compared with host rocks, suggesting thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) provided organic carbon for these calcite precipitation. During TSR, thermal oxidation of hydrocarbons generated the light carbon, and simultaneously the reduced sulfate ions provided the oxygen. Comparison of our study with the TSR calcites worldwide, a model for oxygen isotope behavior during TSR was established. Oxygen isotope compositions of TSR-related calcites are a function of isotope compositions and amounts of the initial anhydrite and pore waters. TSR shows two opposing effects on the δ18O values of calcites, depending on the δ18O ratios of the initial anhydrite. The reduction of anhydrite with relatively low δ18O values causes the calcite δ18O lower than theoretical values of calcites directly precipitated from pore waters. The heavy δ18O ratios of calcites formed during TSR are not only attributed to the 18O-enriched pore water resulting from extensive water-rock interaction, but also probably due to the involvement of anhydrite with high δ18O values.


[1] The 15-month climatology of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) during a solar minimum period has been constructed from observations of a dense GPS receiver array in Central China. In total, 793 MSTID events are identified, with peaks in occurrence at 1500 LT and 0100 LT. The occurrence of MSTIDs decreases following an increase in geomagnetic activity, with 46% of the MSTIDS occurring in the daytime. Daytime MSTIDs are characterized by a major occurrence maximum around the winter solstice and by an equatorward propagation direction. The period, phase velocity, azimuth, and amplitude of daytime MSTIDs are 20–60 min, 100–400 m/s, 130°–270°, and 0.8–1.5%, respectively. The remaining 54% of the MSTIDs occurred at night, and were characterized by a peak in occurrence at the summer solstice and by a southwestward propagation direction. The period, phase velocity, azimuth, and amplitude of nighttime MSTIDs are 20–70 min, 50–230 m/s, 170°–300°, and 2–7%, respectively. The propagation directions and the seasonal behaviors support the view that daytime MSTIDs are an ionospheric manifestation of atmospheric gravity waves from the lower atmosphere, while a possible excitation mechanism of nighttime MSTIDs is the electrodynamics process caused by plasma instability in the F layer.


The paper is devoted to the study of the features of design and operation of main oil pipelines which run in the conditions of the Far North and places of permafrost soils distribution. The aim of the paper is developing of a mathematical model for the interaction of an underground oil pipeline in a multilayered concrete coated shell with permafrost soils, as well as a numerical solution of this model.


The Meige's syndrome is characterized by the presence of bilateral, symmetrical, dystonic cramp of face muscles or muscles of middle line of body, the respiratory muscles and muscles of throat. The etiology of Meige's syndrome is uncertain. A disorder of basal ganglia function along with perhaps neurotransmitter imbalance (dopamine and acetylcholine) is likely to be the mechanism involved in the causation of this disorder. It is a rare condition and only a limited number of cases have been reported in literature. However, many patients may remain undiscovered or misdiagnosed. Our aim is to introduce a case of 68 years old man who was referred to neurology department with chief complaint of oromandibular dystonia and dysphasia. He was treated successfully with Botulinum toxin.


Herein, synthesis of two homopolymers namely, poly-2,2′-(9,9-dioctyl-9h-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bisthiophene (PBT), poly-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (PP3CA) and fluorene and pyrrole comprising five novel copolymers (CoP1, CoP2, CoP3, CoP4, CoP5) were electrochemically synthesized. Each electrolytic solution was prepared with different monomer feed ratios to investigate the effect of comonomer ratio on electrochromic and electrochemical properties. After synthesis, homopolymers and copolymers were compared in terms of their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and colorimetry properties. The number of studies on electrochromic characterization of pristine P3CA group was limited in literature, hence in this study P3CA was electrochemically inserted into the polymer chain via copolymerization.CoP1 with 1:1 (BT: P3CA) monomer feed ratio exhibited the lower optical band gap and red shifted neutral state absorption compared to PP3CA, additionally light yellow color of PP3CA turned out to be multichromic for CoP1with the insertion of BT unit via electrocopolymerization.


In responding to Covid 19 crisis which affect people with different ways, University as an education institution is trying to cope with the distance learning by letting student to access education from home. Since these interruptions will not just be a short time issue, it is important to study the existing problem due to an online base implementation. This study has been made to evaluate the existing online learning from the student perspectives. Several aspects in the study used as instrument including student perception on learning management system, learning time, application used, boredom and challenges. Data collection was managed by an online survey Google Form based. The result described Zoom platform was effective for synchronous learning (93.5%), the existing LMS is effective 959.1%), student satisfaction (76%), 48% felt boredom, 23.4% student felt stress. This study indicating several variables were connected with an online learning effectivity that needs to be considered for improvement in a more comprehensive way. Keywords—online learning effectivity, Covid 19, pandemic, university, student perspective


Vladimir Leksin - Leading Research Fellow, Department of Institute of System Analysis, Russian Academy of Sciences. Address: 9, Prospect 60-Letiya Octyabrya, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation. E-mail: email@example.com attitude to death is an inalienable and rather characteristic part of Russian culture. Death is connected with unbelievably large number of superstitions, magic ceremonies and rituals. Death became firmly established in all kinds of art a long time ago: music and cinema, opera and ballet, prose and poetry, painting and sculpture, landscape design and architecture. Death and everything related to it has been studied by many sciences. A lot of actions related to death and carried out by certain people and organizations are regulated by constitutional, regional and local law. Death is served by special kinds of economic activities and their unique infrastructure. Each of these topics may become a reason for independent ethnological, sociological, economic, lawful, philosophical, etc. study; but in this article, attention is drawn just to these two issues: what do people die from and how are they being buried in Russia at present.Russia belongs to a number of such few states where the birthrate is low as in the developed countries (depopulation of native population), and the mortality is as high as in the developing ones. It is shown in this article that such a situation is connected with the legal income of the major part of the population and the inadequate accessibility to up-to-date health services, but not to the same degree as with uncertainty about the future and indifferent attitude to the value of life, especially among men. This is the main reason why Russia is a country of widows, where every second child born in recent years does not have a chance to reach the retirement age.The specific features of extremely detailed legislation in the sphere of funeral services are discussed and examples of unique legal collisions appearing in that sphere are given. It is also shown why, despite huge land resources in Russia, a sharp problem of cemetery territories and neglected cemeteries has emerged. The data related to the cost of living and burial expenses is given.In recent years the Russian state has undertaken measures aimed at stimulating the birthrate. But to resist a slump run-down of population size is possible by cutting the abnormally high death rate (especially among children and able-bodied workers). It is not less difficult to stimulate birthrate growth, because to achieve the first goal, as well as the second one, it is necessary to change, first of all, the most conservative mental component of our existence. It is necessary that the value of life will begin to penetrate the mass consciousness, ousting stereotypes of aggressive-infantile and irresponsible behavior. It is necessary to refuse to perceive death as something insignificant - as it is cultivated in cheap novels, special effects of the cinema and computer games. It is necessary to bring out the attitude to death as to the grand total, but not to the end of life.


ETERNAL SLEEP have revealed their new music video for the track Flesh/Blood, promoting their new record The Emptiness Of..., to be released via ...


From two-dimensional engineering drawings, Computer-aided Design (CAD) technology to today's three-dimensional process design technology of Model Based Definition (MBD) based on feature representation and control, great changes have taken place in human engineering technology. With the applications of MBD technology in aerospace, machine-tool and other fields, it's also being actively explored in shipbuilding industry on engineering applications of the whole process of ship design and production under the background of intelligent transformation. After analysing the problems existed in process design of domestic shipbuilding enterprises, this paper firstly introduces a three-dimensional digital model of shipbuilding based on MBD technology. Then, a three-dimensional process design method is proposed in order to provide theoretical basis for the realization of three-dimensional process design of shipbuilding.


The quality of internal air is one of the factors that affect the pace and quality of knowledge acquisition. Therefore, it is important that the classrooms have high air quality. Using computer simulation, the effect of various building ventilation variants on air quality in classrooms was analyzed. As an indicator of air quality, the concentration of carbon dioxide in school halls was assumed.


This study qualitatively explores early stimulation practices in Katavi region, Tanzania. It also quantitatively investigates the links between these early stimulation practices and development of children 0-3 years of age in the Katavi region. A comparative qualitative case study was carried out in Zanzibar region and findings have been presented throughout discussion section of this report, in parallel to the case of Katavi. Through this work the research team has developed a robust package of early childhood development research tools that have been carefully adapted and tested for use in Tanzania. The study uses and validates the combined use of tools to measure children's development (the CREDI tool) and the home environment (the HOME tool) for the first time in Tanzania. This package includes a complete survey including culturally-adapted, Kiswahili versions of the CREDI and HOME tools plus a caregiver information form that have all been digitized for data collection using electronic tablets. There is an accompanying video that guides users through the digitized version of the tool. The package also includes a four-day training guide with power points that may be used to prepare enumerators to collect the survey data. The adapted versions of these tools are free to users and easily accessible for others who wish to explore early stimulation and child development in Tanzania.


The U-Pb thermochronology of titanite, apatite, and rutile from a crustal profile through a Mesozoic magmatic arc in Fiordland, New Zealand, is used to constrain the timing and duration of significant vertical movements during arc construction and evolution. Titanite data from deep-crustal (12-13 kbar) basement and cover rocks of central Fiordland imply that contractional arc thickening (;25 km) occurred by 111.1-113.4 Ma, within a few million years of a major phase of mid- to deep-crustal magmatism. This finding suggests that this cycle of magmatism, arc thickening, and high-grade metamorphism occurred in #6.2 m.y. In contrast to rapid burial, significant unroofing of the central Fiordland gran- ulites was more protracted, requiring an additional 40-45 m.y. These new data are con- sistent with continued residence of the granulites in thickened arc crust for 15-20 m.y., with subsequent major unroofing recorded by rutile cooling to ,450 8C by ca. 70 Ma. Such temporal constraints are essential for comprehensive models of the growth, modifi- cation, and unroofing of magmatic arc systems.


The invention provides a quick grouting material used in railroad bridge supports. The grouting material comprises the following components with parts by weight: 25-60 parts of cement, 50-80 parts of sand, 2-6 parts of an expanding agent, 0.25-2.5 parts of a water reducing agent, 0.1-1.5 parts of a coagulant and 0.1-1.5 parts of a retarder. The beneficial effects of the invention are that (1) two-hour compressive strength of the grouting material used in the railroad supports is improved to more than 20MPa, the construction efficiency of a hanging bridge machine is greatly improved; (2) by virtue of a combination use of the retarder and the coagulant, the grouting material has workable performance with the fluidity being more than 240mm in 30 minutes after being blended and early-strengthperformance with the two-hour compressive strength being more than 20Mpa; (3) the grouting material can be used for hanging bridge construction under the conditions of low temperature and negative temperature; and (4) the volume of the grouting material swells slightly in the hardening process, which ensures that the grouted space is tightly filled.


The matrix copper was deposited and separated by ammonium sulfocyanate in solution with heating and 10 trace elements As,Cd,Co,Cr,Fe,Mg,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in Copper Sulfate were simultaneously determined by ICP-AES. The detection limits are 0.001—0.11μg/mL. This method was accurate, rapid and convenient. The recoveries are in the range of 88.6% (100.9%. RSD are less than 2%. It was used in the determination of Copper Sulfate with satisfactory results.


We use a functional integral formulation to study the finite temperature crossover from cooperative Cooper pairing to independent bound state formation and condensation. We show the inadequacy of mean field results for normal state properties obtained at the saddle point level as the coupling increases. The importance of quantum (temporal) fluctuations is pointed out and an interpolation scheme for ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is derived from this point of view. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is shown to describe a damped mode in the BCS limit, and a propagating one in the Bose limit. A singular point is identified at intermediate coupling where a simple TDGL description fails.


Abstract This paper proposes a social system framework to examine how an industrial infrastructure emerges to facilitate and inhibit technological innovation. This infrastructure includes institutional arrangements, resource endowments, and proprietary activities that are necessary to develop and commercialize an innovation. This industrial infrastructure emerges through the accretion of numerous events involving many public and private sector actors over an extended period of time. The practical implication of this perspective is that policies directed at technological innovation to achieve economic reform must not only be concerned with the micro organization and activities of the firm, but also with the creation of a macro industrial infrastructure that any technological community needs to sustain its members. J. Comp. Econom., June 1993, 17 (2), pp. 338-365. Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.


APL2, one of the major extensions of APL, has capablities of symbol manipulation and nested data handling as well as numerical computations. This paper discusses an experimental implementation of a formula manipulation system using APL2. A simple, but easy-to-use algebraic system has been realized, primarily due to APL2's ability to define complicated data structures and algorithms. The overall design concept, representation and normalization of mathematical formulas, and various advantages of using APL2 general matrices are described.


Timeliness is very crucial aspect in assessing the accountability and the quality of financial reporting. Financial information could be accessed by users once the auditor has issued and completed the annual reports. Therefore, the time taken to publish the annual report depends partly on the audit time taken to prepare the audit report. This paper purposes are to investigate the extent of audit report lag (ARL) for companies listed in Russia capital market and to examine the association between corporate governance (CG) characteristics (board independence and existence of audit committee) and audit ARL for companies listed in Russia capital market. The literature on determinants of ARL motivated the author to investigate about the impact of CG characteristics and audit-related characteristics on ARL especially in emerging capital markets, such as the Russian stock market (RSM) for a sample (62 companies) of Russian listed companies. Further, the study includes explanatory variables relating to CG characteristics, which have not previously been considered (i.e. board independence, and existence of an audit committee), that may shed more light on the structure and dynamics of the ARL. The ARL for each of the 62 listed sample companies ranged from a minimum interval of 50 days to a maximum interval of 174 days, and Russian listed companies take approximately three months on average. Regression analyses indicate that board independence significantly affect ARL. But on the other hand existence of an audit committee has insignificant affect on ARL. Also, one control variable (type of auditor) significantly affected ARL. This study of Russian companies listed on the RSM represents the initial comprehensive examination of ARL, and it is consider the first study to provide a thorough examination of the association between CG characteristics and ARL.


Even as Department of Energy (DOE) budgets are being adjusted to reflect the changing international scene, DOE and its contractors are becoming more proactive in environment, safety, and health. This focus places stringent requirements on Configuration Management-Document Control. EG G Idaho, Inc. (EG G Idaho), a prime management and operations contractor for DOE at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), operates the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) as a major continuing program. The ATR has been operating for 25 years, under successive contractors. The requirements and techniques originally developed and applied to configuration management-document control were, by today's standards, casual. To maximize the cost-effectiveness and accuracy of ATR Configuration Management-Document Control, a major effort was required. Documents, which previously existed in various electronic file formats, have been uniformly converted into a single word processing application. An Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) has been installed and a competent network administrator hired. A document data base has been procured and installed on the file server. Further improvements are ongoing. The data base software enables rapid searches of existing documentation and retrieves documents with pinpoint accuracy. This capability means that an accurate, current operations baseline can be output for any system, component, or process.more » In many ways, the new focus on distributing current, correct, and complete information has yielded significant productivity and quality improvements and cost savings. This paper addresses the process of upgrading ATR Configuration Management-Document Control.« less


The study assessed the effects of human resource practices on talent management in private teacher training colleges in Bungoma district. The study was guided by the following objectives: the effects of remuneration of workers on talent management in the private teacher training colleges; the effect of training and career development on talent management in private teacher training colleges; How working conditions and terms of service affect talent management in private teacher training colleges in Bungoma district;and the effect of employee welfare and services on talent management in private teacher training colleges in Bungoma district. The research findings are useful in improving
employer's chances of selecting employees who are committed to the organization. The study used descriptive research design and in particular the ex -post facto research
design. Through this method, the researcher did not have direct control of the independent variables because their manifestation had already occurred or because they
were inherent and not manipulative. The target population comprised principals, administrators and tutors in private teacher training colleges in Bungoma district. The
district has 10 private teacher training colleges with 150 teachers, 10 principals and 40 administrators. A sample size of 40% of the target population was considered. Questionnaires and interviews were used as the main data collection methods. Secondary data was used to obtain information on specific issues from the district education officer, and quality and standard assurance officer. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of frequency distribution tables, percentages and pie charts. SPSS was used to process the data and present it in the right format.