An earthquake of magnitude ML: 4.3 occurred on 25th November 2007 (2312 UTC) in Delhi with hypocenter at 28.56° N / 77.08° E and focal depth 33.1 km. The epicenter was at about 21 km SW of Delhi University. It was widely felt in and around Delhi and created panic among the local populace. A macroseismic survey was conducted in about ten days starting from 27th November, 2007 at 89 locations covering an area of about 1500 sq. km in Delhi and its neighborhood through a questionnaire. The results of the macroseismic survey allowed establishment of spatial distribution of the earthquake effects in the form of isoseismal map generated using geo-statistical analysis tool of ArcGIS 9.1. The isoseismal map shows that most parts of Delhi region experienced an intensity of V on MMI scale, except on northern most region of Delhi where intensity was found IV. The mean isoseismal radii for the zones V, IV, III and II are 29.13, 57.78, 83.63 and 100.75 km, respectively. The orientation of elongated epicentral track of intensity field shows that the stress release was pronounced along Delhi-Sargodha ridge and earthquake was attributed to activities of this ridge.


A new solar solid adsorption refrigeration system is established in this paper, and the variation relationship between the adsorbent bed temperature and pressure with time are analyzed, and the effects of adsorbent bed condensing pressure on the system performance is researched. Results show that, under the same working conditions, when the condensing pressure is 39 kPa, the daily ice-making capacity of system reach to 5.5 kg with the refrigerating capacity of 2.26 MJ; And when the condensing pressure is 63 kPa, the ice-making capacity of system is only for 3 kg with the refrigerating capacity of 1.48 MJ; The refrigerating capacity of the former is 1.5 times of the latter.


Today, power utilities are integrating intelligent sensors and advanced communications into their distribution systems that go beyond substations to include downstream feeder intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). This integration of advanced technologies provides several benefits. It increases system efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and it improves reliability, power quality, and resiliency. It also enables easy integration of new technologies such as renewables, energy storage, and plug-in electric vehicles. Reliable two-way communications and sensors enable advanced distribution automation (DA) applications that require minimal human interaction. This paper describes applications of DA, with a focus on emerging communications technologies and advanced line sensors that provide distribution utilities faster fault detection, isolation, and restoration. It also describes communications sensor network architectures and how these sensor networks integrate into the existing utility infrastructure to provide insights into the distribution system. The essential requirements of these communicating sensor networks, including energy harvesting, accuracy, and cybersecurity, are covered in detail. The paper also shows how sensor networks, when combined with communications technologies, can improve reliability indices like the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), the Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), and the Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) for distribution utilities.


Most organizations now place a major emphasis on innovation as a pathway to corporate growth. The RD increasingly, he or she is expected to help direct the role technology plays in enabling new services or business models and building closer integration with channel partners. With this broader mandate, the R&D manager must become an effective champion, educator, and salesperson for innovation within the corporation. To develop these internal marketing skills, R&D managers can look to successful independent innovation companies--design firms--for lessons on how they engage client C-suite members to get more deeply involved in innovation initiatives. Here, we take a look at the practices of these design firms in the hope of better equipping the R&D manager to bring innovation into his or her own C-suite. The Challenge of Selling Innovation to C-Suite Design firms such as IDEO, Continuum, and frog design-and the hundreds more actively supporting the innovation efforts of corporations both large and small--offer a unique perspective on the process of selling innovation. In a comprehensive study of best practices of design firms conducted in 2009 (1), we investigated how the most successful firms sold innovation to various stakeholders in client organizations. These firms have a reputation for excelling in innovation both incremental (such as a new type of packaging design) and radical (such as a new business model that can disrupt an industry). To survive as businesses, they have to be masters at selling innovation initiatives to senior management. That selling effort has traditionally been focused primarily on R&D managers. However, over recent years, as C-suite executives have become more interested in how innovation can fuel business transformation, design firms have found themselves directing their selling efforts as much to line-of-business executives and marketing VPs as to R&D departments. At the same time, many of these executives still have to be "sold" on innovation, especially higher-risk proposals. In the words of one design executive, "A more disruptive innovation is a nice thing to talk about once a year at an executive retreat, but few executives outside of R&D want to take the risk of actually pushing their companies into creating and testing disruptive solutions." Many executives now expect their R&D managers to be able to offer innovation solutions beyond narrowly defined notions of new products and services. In other words, executives want R&D managers to be involved in all aspects of innovation within their organizations. This push for innovation, coupled with skepticism about specific innovations, puts the R&D manager in the same boat as the design firm. What lessons can R&D managers adapt from design firms to play a more effective role in corporate growth? Five Lessons for Selling Innovation Our research with leading design firms has unearthed five key lessons for selling innovation that R&D managers can apply within their own organizations. The most successful design firms sell innovation across the organization by: * Building innovation insight in executives, * Understanding the competitive context, * Modeling the business value of innovation, * Framing innovation as more than just product or process, and * Managing stakeholders across the corporation. These firms have developed specific tools for accomplishing these goals, tools that R&D managers can use to similar effect. Building innovation insight in executives Design firms constantly seek ways to educate client executives to establish the foundation for significant innovation. They use a number of methods to make innovation and innovation thinking more accessible for their client executives. …


Abstract Background: Physiotherapists have recognised the benefits of incorporating psychological interventions in their treatments. This study sought to determine the usefulness of the Headspace® application that provides mindfulness training via a smartphone on pain. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used and volunteers from a large metropolitan university who were coping with pain were encouraged to use the application for 6 weeks. Pain (severity and interference), self-reported mindfulness, usage of the application and participants perspectives of the application were examined. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain severity (p = .01, r = 0.70) and pain interference (p = .00, r = 0.81) pre–post intervention. However, there was no significant change in self-reported mindfulness pre–post intervention (p = .67, r = 0.09). The usage of the application during the intervention period varied significantly (10–674 minutes) and was not significantly correlated with pain severity (two tailed) – pre (p = .65, r = 0.10), post (p = .43, r = 0.17) or pain interference (two tailed) pre (p = .75, r = 0.07), post (p = .32, r = 0.20). The participants reported positive perceptions of the application, such as it being useful in reducing pain and its convenience. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that the Headspace® application is beneficial in reducing Persistent or Intermittent sub-acute pain and the application could be a useful adjunct to physiotherapy interventions.


In recent years, various systems in different fields of life have been developed to simulate real world scenarios with interactive virtual environments. In the mixed reality (MR) space, several objects are involved to interact in numerous ways which may lead to inconsistencies. Hence, we designed a cost-effective and robust framework that allows synchronized interaction in real time among different modules of the Adaptive Mixed Reality (AMR) space. The proposed system consists of Agent-Mediator framework. Each smart media agent (SMA) in AMR space has its own data processing, management and visualization units. SMA processes the data received from various input devices and updates the local model by reflecting the immersive contents on media walls. SMA maintains synchronization locally as well as transmits the information and raw-data to the Mediator. The central control system i.e. the Mediator receives data from several SMAs and conducts comparative analysis to select appropriate information. It updates the global model by sharing the synchronized updated status with other SMAs in AMR space. The proposed framework provides a real time interaction with immersive contents in AMR space and adjusts it efficiently to different typology on the basis of user's response.


Rapid growth in suburban population over the past two decades has inevitably turned once lightly traveled rural roads into heavy-traffic highways that require considerable investment for upgrading. However, such a need was not recognized in time to develop suburban-oriented traffic management strategies, and unprecedented levels of suburban congestion resulted. Mobility improvement in suburbs has thus become one of the most pressing transportation issues. In response to increasing public concern, reports and articles have been produced to explore various short- and long-term strategies. However, one vital aspect, a fundamental understanding of suburban commuting behavior, has not been adequately addressed in the transportation literature. An exploratory analysis is performed to characterize suburban commuting behavior on the basis of surveys conducted at three suburban activity centers. A comparison of the 14 travel and socioeconomic variables was performed first, followed by a discrete estimation of their relations with suburban workers' trip-stop frequency behavior. It has been found that suburban workers, even though from geographically different locations, reveal similar commuting patterns. The estimation results were further supported by a multivariate cluster analysis through which survey respondents from each location were classified into six groups of unique characteristics. Whereas each cluster of survey participants exhibits a similar pattern at these three locations, its shape varies substantially from the other five clusters. This confirms that in contending with suburban congestion different strategies should be developed to target different groups of suburban residents.


The invention concerns an inhalation device which does not use a propellant gas, the device having a supply of the medical substance to be inhaled, a manually operated metering device for taking a given dose of the substance for each inhalation operation, a mouthpiece designed for active inhalation and an air chamber designed to allow each dose of the substance to be spread throughout the stream of air. In inhalation devices of this kind, it is important for the inhaled substance to be repeatedly metered with precision. To ensure this, the invention calls for a holder in which the supply of the substance is not in powder form as in existing devices, but comprises held in a specific geometrical structure (tablet). This holder comprises a device which allows the required dose to be rubbed off the tablet mechanically.


OBJECTIVE:To detect the changes of FHIT gene expression after the HPV16 E6 gene expression was inhibited by RNA interference,and explore the relationship between HPV16 E6 and FHIT gene in cervical neoplasms.METHODS:The specific small interfering RNA(siRNA)of HPV16 E6 gene was synthesized and transfected into cervical cancer cell line CaSki.The mRNA levels of HPV16 E6 and FHIT before and after transfection were measured by RT-PCR,and the protein levels of HPV16 E6 and FHIT were measured by Western blot and flow cytometry.RESULTS:The mRNA level of HPV16 E6 reduced by 80.3% at 48 hours after transfection(P0.01),but the mRNA level of FHIT was 41.7% higher than before at 48 hours after transfection(P0.01).The protein levels of HPV16 E6 before and after transfection were(26.7±3.3)and(8.2±1.1),respectively,t=14.224,P=0.005;The protein levels of FHIT before and after transfection were(73.5±5.6)and(109.9±5.1),respectively,t=22.018,P=0.002.CONCLUSION:FHIT gene expression can be up regulated by inhibition of the expression of HPV16 E6 gene in cervical neoplasms.


The role of the regenerated adrenal gland in adrenal-regeneration hypertension has been explored in a series of experiments in the rat. Sensitization of the animals by unilateral nephrectomy and replacement of the drinking water by 1% saline were instituted at various intervals after unilateral adrenalectomy and contralateral adrenal enucleation. Comparisons were made of blood pressure, heart and kidney weight, and cardiovascular lesion in groups of rats sensitized at 0, , 5 and weeks after adrenal enucleation. The results suggest an inverse relationship between the degree of adrenal regeneration present and the severity of the hypertension which developed following sensitization.


The influences of Internet on agricultural information resources are discussed. The retrieval methods of agricultural information on Internet and the retrieval technologies based on WWW retrieval are introduced. Also, the main websites of agricultural information resources are list.


For this initial work, we shall focus on introducing a biological model for utilization mainly as a descriptive framework on which future analyses will be based. The model includes a definition of biological systems and introduces a concept of failure; in addition to a hypothetical mechanism by which failure occurs. We then define a functional response as a means of preventing attainment of failure state. We also define such functional responses as properties of the system, in addition to interactions between these systemic properties. We discuss determinants of the rate of- and measures of systemic failure. We conclude with two assumptions on the principal significance of systemic phenomena. define: the function of the response, mechanisms of the function, and processes that follow these mechanisms. We shall discuss this in a subsequent work.


Abstract In order to solve the difficulty of separation and recycling of TiO2 and its lower utilization of solar radiation, a new type of TiO2 photocatalyst, which was sensitized by polypyrrole (PPy) and carried by self-made modified Fe3O4, named PPy-TiO2/M-Fe3O4, was fabricated successfully by combining suspension dispersion and in situ polymerization. The structure of photocatalyst and Fe3O4 was characterized using X-ray diffraction, the Fourier transmission infrared spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy. Light response property was tested by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated with methyl orange as the degradation substance under different light radiation. Magnetic recovery property was investigated by using vibrating sample magnetometer and gravimetric analysis methods. The results showed that due to sensitization of PPy, the light response scope of PPy-TiO2/M-Fe3O4 was broadened to 451 nm and the degradation rate of methyl orange had been increased by 32.5% under the same conditions. Meanwhile, the recovery rate of PPy-TiO2/M-Fe3O4 remained above 97.9% after five cycles.


Essentials Low‐molecular‐weight‐heparins (LMWH) kinetics differ which may result in different bleeding risks. A cohort of 12 934 venous thrombosis patients on LMWH was followed until major bleeding. The absolute major bleeding risk was low among patients registered at the anticoagulation clinic. Once‐daily dosing was associated with a lower bleeding risk as compared with twice‐daily.


We examined psychosocial and informational services used by long‐term survivors of breast, colon and prostate cancer in immigrants versus non‐immigrants.


This paper summarises research carried out under the above area, and examines the use of Object-Oriented (OO) design techniques and tools for the design of real-time manufacturing control systems. Such systems are likely to be applied in the manufacture of products in advanced materials. The project involves both research into the techniques and their application on real world problems. It considers systems to support the design of hybrid control systems to improve product yield and quality. Future work involving OO software development methodologies, qualitative modelling, rapid prototyping, and application of a number of control paradigms (including low-level PID, neural network and fuzzy logic) are discussed, with conclusions.


Background and Purpose: There is a lack of research using conservative treatment to treat chronic traumatic brachial plexus injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a physical therapy treatment plan and home exercise plan (HEP) for a 47 year old male referred for shoulder pain following a traumatic compression injury 11 months ago. Case Description: This study contained interventions focused on increasing joint mobility, resistance training, massage, and modalities to decrease patient symptoms and improve quality of life. To measure outcomes, the following examinations were used: numeric pain rating scale, gross shoulder manual muscle testing, AROM of the glenohumeral joint, DASH, and pectoralis minor MLT to evaluate muscle tightness versus guarded posture. Outcomes: The patient showed limited to no improvement in each of the measures used to take from baseline to discharge. Slight improvements in AROM of the shoulder noted from 92o to 99o shoulder flexion and 84o to 104o shoulder abduction, no change in gross strength, and no change in DASH score. The patient was able to relax in the supine position over a period of 25 minutes to allow his right upper extremity to rest on the table for an accurate pectoralis minor MLT, the right shoulder measures 18 cm and left measured 15 cm. Discussion: The results of this study emphasize early conservative treatment with brachial plexus injuries as well as the complexity involved when treating patients with chronic traumatic injuries. This case report adds a chronic component to the brachial plexus literature that is currently lacking. Additional research could include a study focused on specific interventions related to improving joint mobility, preventing muscle atrophy, and decreasing pain would be beneficial to the small population of traumatic brachial plexus injuries as well as the chronic BPI.


Abstract Titanium aluminide alloys based on the γ-TiAl intermetallic compound are emerging as potential materials for high performance applications on aircraft engines components, aerospace vehicles and automotive engines, owing to their low density, high specific stiffness, excellent strength retention at high temperature and good creep and oxidation resistance. The development of adequate techniques to join γ-TiAl alloys, either to themselves or to other materials, is a key issue regarding the effective use of these alloys. Understanding of the reaction mechanisms that promote bonding is mandatory when optimization of the joining procedure is envisaged.


(57) ABSTRACT A mobile social networking system that provides aspects of an augmented reality experience comprising a wireless infra structure; at least one central server having a at least one database of users; a mobile Scanner that scans for other users through the use of an identification mechanism, queries the server, and downloads the user profiles and displays them on an inconspicuous viewing device. An unobtrusively manipu lable input device is used to select and navigate through the profiles. The invention provides a system for obtaining addi tional Social and other information about nearby users in an unobtrusive manner to avoid detection by others.


In this paper we present a model for designing professional courses in a blended learning context as a tool to help the interaction between students, teachers and learning resources. This model aims to promote new concepts, new approaches and new strategies that have been changing the paradigm of teaching and learning. To develop a course based on these objectives, a systematic process, driven by a series of well-defined phases and activities, is required to help us to effectively develop high-quality applications. The research presented here focuses on an improved design model in a blended learning context and consists of four main phases: requirements definition, planning, design of learning activities, implementation, and evaluation. The whole process begins with an analysis of the students and the characteristics of the environment. Content analysis is conducted to explore the structure of the course. The identification of learning events, learning units, and instructional methods are included in the design of learning activities. As evaluation is a critical factor, this model incorporates a questionnaire, whose purpose is to ensure a well-designed blended learning course. This questionnaire tries to answer the key points that determine the structure of the course and to check the satisfaction of the learners with the context taught. One of the main contributions of this research is allowing the requalification of professionals who meet the needs of professional staff in Information and communications technology (ICT). Stages of development the


In many developing nations, the locations of public facilities are generally taken locally by government officers or by local elected leaders or by both. In Malaysia, the location of public health care are determined using some guidelines that were developed based on experience or some statistical information. There is still lack of formal analysis being carried out. As a result the decisions can very often be far from optimal. This study attempts to develop some mathematical location-allocation models for the locations of the public health care facilities in Malaysia. Two basic location allocation models with two different objectives are studied: The p-median problem and the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP). We designed several solution methods by considering the un-capacitated, capacitated constraints and multiple objectives. The first part of the study focuses on the systems with un-capacitated facilities. The public healthcare facilities in Telok Panglima Garang(TPG), Selangor are taken as a case study to apply the models, and analyze the past and current location decisions. The models are extended to the capacitated case where a bigger district of Kuala Langat, Selangor is considered. These models which are in form of mixed integer programming models are solved using commercial optimization software CPLEX 10.2. The results from CPLEX are observed to violate some of facilities' constraint, thus making the solutions infeasible. A heuristic based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed and some computational analysis is carried out to gauge the performance of the existing facilities. In the third part of the study, a new model that simultaneously considers the p-median and the MCLP is proposed. The model is solved using a weighted sum multi objective approach that simultaneously minimizes the average distance traveled (p-median) and maximizes the coverage percentage (MCLP). The data set are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the model. The fourth part concentrates on the development of a dynamic location model that incorporates a time factor. A sensitivity analysis which considers the future increase in demand and the need for new health care facilities is also carried out to assist the relevant authority to make proper planning of health care systems in Selangor and in Malaysia in general.


We developed two different techniques to study volume mapping problem in Computer Graphics. The first one is to find a harmonic map from a 3 manifold to a 3D solid sphere and the second is a sphere carving algorithm which calculates the simplicial decomposition of volume adapted to surfaces. In this paper, we apply these two techniques to brain mapping problem. We use a tetrahedral mesh to represent the brain volume. The experimental results on both synthetic and brain volume data are reported. We suggest that 3D harmonic mapping of brain volumes to a solid sphere can provide a canonical coordinate system for feature identification and segmentation, as well as anatomical normalization.


Inflatable rubber gland positions and holds X ray film in positive contact with inner weld areas of mainfold torus assemblies for verifying the weld quality. The gland is constructed to conform to the inside diameter of the manifold torus.


The standard technique for cellular networks is to decrease radio cell size, thereby maintaining a supportable subscriber density. However, smaller cell sizes result in increased signaling for location management procedures, which reduces the bandwidth available for user traffic and increases the cost. A dynamic distance-based location update with sequential paging with no delay constraint algorithm has been considered and compared with other location algorithms in terms of location management cost. The developed MATLAB based mobility model outputs the cellular parameters and location update messages count during the movement of the mobile station. The results from this model were used to calculate the update ratio and the search costs for four algorithms. A comparison of the total cost for all the algorithms had been considered. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the dynamic algorithm gives the best cost compared the other used algorithms. Keyword: location management; dynamic location update; sequential paging; location cost, PCS networks.


Local colleges and universities should require students to learn relevant theoretical knowledge systematically, and to master certain practical operation ability, so as to transmit applied talents with certain practical working ability to the society. The focal point of the local undergraduate talent training goal is to emphasize the application, and to emphasize the integration of knowledge and action. The mode of cooperation between schools and enterprises is the inevitable choice to achieve this goal. Based on the author's learning and practical experience, this paper first analyzed the current situation of the cooperation mode of local undergraduate colleges and universities, and then put forward the construction strategies of the long-term mechanism of university-enterprise cooperation in local colleges and universities under the background of transformation and development.


The 3D physical properties of porous rocks directly determine the subsurface flow and modeling. However, predicting a wide range of 3D physical rocks remains a formidable challenge and requires a large amount of input. Reliable microstructure‐property correlations can accurately predict 3D physical properties, avoiding time‐consuming experimental testing. Here, we propose a new dimensionless convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based method to find inherent correlations for accurately predicting 3D properties of porous rocks using only a single 2D slice or a series of 2D slices. Training and testing were conducted on 9 properties of 16,409 semi‐realistic 3D porous rocks. Eight properties, except for the formation factor, were predicted with an acceptable correlation coefficient of 0.92. Furthermore, the modeling results indicate that the network architecture of the model has a significant impact on its performance. The classical CNN Model 4 achieved an average validating loss of 1.0 × 10−3. Interval 2D slice sampling can significantly reduce the computational cost in training model. The developed model was verified and tested by five independent porous samples. Additionally, the proposed method accurately predicted permeability in different directions using only 2D slices trained in one direction, for porous rocks where anisotropy is not significant. This work demonstrates the ability to predict various 3D properties rapidly and accurately using only a single 2D slice from semi‐realistic 3D volumes. It provides insights into the conversion of 2D slices to 3D properties for porous media in a wide range of applications, including property estimation from 2D images without structural construction and simulation in 3D.


Despite the effectiveness of innovations to improve the care of persons with dementia, there has been limited diffusion of these into widespread clinical practice. We aimed to identify common barriers and address them directly in the initial phase of dissemination of a successful dementia care program.


Art criticism can be understood as a form of studied discourse, as a mode of inquiry, and as a discipline or field of inquiry (Wolff & Geahigan, 1997). Although all of these concepts are relevant to the design of curriculum and instruction, educational theorists for the most part have focused their attention on critical discourse in devising models of criticism for the schools. Such models typically present a series of activities, linked to the performance of different types of statements. The model proposed by Feldman (1967, 1970) is typical of many in the literature. In his model criticism is broken down into a number of discrete steps or stages which students proceed through in a linear fashion. Students criticize by first describing, then analyzing, interpreting, and finally evaluating works of art. The pervasiveness of these models have led many practitioners and classroom teachers to equate criticism with 11 talk, spoken or written about art." The widespread acceptance of such models as representations of what art criticism is and should be raises a number of questions which even at this late date have yet to be adequately answered. \What are critical statements? How are critical statements individuated from one another? How adequately do such models reflect actual critical discourse? And how are such models to be translated into classroom instruction? In this article, I consider each of these questions in turn. In doing so I argue that current models present a distorted picture of the discourse of critics and if followed, lead to a problematic method of instruction: namely, classroom recitation. After discussing the problems inherent in such a method, I suggest that critical inquiry, rather than critical discourse, is a more fruitful concept for structuring classroom instruction. I conclude by proposing a model of instruction to promote critical inquiry in the classroom. The Emergence of Art Criticism in American Art Education Interest in art criticism arose with the general curriculum reform movement of the 1950s and '60s where it was seen as a promising approach for bringing about an understanding and appreciation of art, learnings that had been widely neglected during the preceding Progressivist era (Barkan, 1962; Munro, 1956). Theorists interested in criticism, however, had only vague ideas about how this new subject should be conceptualized. During the decades which followed, they sought to arrive at an understanding of the nature of criticism in different ways. One way was to ask professional critics to reflect upon their own practice. They also examined critical writings directly or generalized from their own familiarity with critical practice. By far the most important way of conceptualizing art criticism, however, was through an appeal to philosophical aesthetics. That philosophical aesthetics should be seen as a source of information about art criticism may seem initially surprising. But in the period between the two World Wars, aesthetics, following a general trend in Anglo-American philosophy, turned away from philosophical speculation and metaphysical system building toward a view of itself as a meta-discipline. Reflecting the "linguistic turn" in philosophy during this period, aestheticians attempted to explicate the concept of criticism by focusing on the language used by critics. Although it is sometimes difficult to precisely identify the sources individual theorists used in formulating their models of criticism, it is likely that most relied upon such works as Monroe Beardsley's Aesthetics (1958), Harold Osborne's Aesthetics and Criticism (1955), Jerome Stolnitz's Aesthetics and the Philosophy ofArt Criticism (1960), and Morris Weitz's Hamlet and the Philosophy of Literary Criticism (1964), all influential studies in the philosophy of criticism during the immediate postwar period. Although there are differences among these studies, each explicates the concept of criticism in terms of a small number of basic linguistic "functions," "tasks," or "activities" held to be intrinsic to the discipline of criticism. …


With the shift in economy from products to services, there emerged an identical need for shift in focus in the literature from product quality to service quality. Unlike products, there are challenges associated with service quality as services are not easily identifiable and measurable. There are quite a few service quality models available in the current literature and subsequently there have been attempts to apply these service quality models in the context of IT. This paper attempts to describe some of these service quality models and captures their relevance and missing elements in the context of IT services. As part of this paper, we briefly touch upon typical IT services offerings, few important service quality models and a brief look at relevant application in the context of IT service offerings. We also outline our observations and need for further work to establish stronger services quality research for IT Services offerings.


The ISIBAT software (the acronym comes from the French for 'Building Identification and Simulation') was created at the France Telecom Research Center (CNET) in cooperation with the University of Brest. It is intended to identify and simulate the thermal behaviour of buildings housing any telecommunications equipment, but its fields of application are not limited to the thermal kinetics of building. Three examples are given to illustrate the performance of ISIBAT. The first concerns the design of outdoor distribution frame cabinets housing subscriber line equipment in which no heat dissipation occurs. The second is the analysis of a small remote telephone exchange with a heat dissipation below 2 kW, housed in a 10 m/sup 2/ building in a rural area. The third concerns a large exchange with a heat dissipation exceeding 10 kW installed in a 130 m/sup 2/ air-conditioned room. The results obtained in these three cases using ISIBAT are compared with those obtained using different evaluation methods.<<ETX>>


This book utilizes a unique clinical approach. Most current textbooks of pediatrics are based on 'systemic approach'. However, children or their parents present to the pediatrician with a symptom or an obvious sign. Therefore, in the process leading to a diagnosis, a 'symptom complex approach' is more practical, direct, effective and time saving than a 'system approach'. This book utilizes that approach in diagnosis in children. This is desperately needed in the present day scenario. Currently competition for admission to postgraduate courses impels undergraduate students to skip clinical and practical medicine and instead acquire theoretical knowledge that ensures admission to a postgraduate course of choice. Reference textbooks available provide excellent information to that end. This book, as a primer of Pediatrics however, provides basic information that every student must have so that he could benefit from larger reference texts as required.


Spin-dependent transport properties of Fe3O4 spheres with diameters from 200 nm to 900 nm have been investigated and polyethylene glycol (PEG) exists on the surface of Fe3O4 particles. The nonlinear I–V curve became obvious with the increase of Fe3O4 diameter, which indicated the tunneling barrier height decreases with the increasing diameter. The magnetoresistance (MR) can reach −13% with an applied low field of 0.2T at room temperature. With the diameter increase, the MR decreases and the required applied field increases. Moreover, the decrease of MR with the bias voltage increase can be attributed to the spin-dependent tunneling effect through the insulating surface layer of Fe3O4 and PEG.


The lower critical stress was defined as the minimum stress necessary to produce the critical amount of hydrogen segregation required for crack initiation. A distribution law involving hydrogen concentration, applied stress, and temperature was assumed. On the basis of this law, the observed changes in the lower critical stress as a function of notch acuity, yield strength. temperature, and initial hydrogen content were explained for a significant range of these variables. (auth)


Sterically hindered p-nitrobenzylic chlorides (1) and (2) react with the sodium salts of 2,4,6-trialkylbenzenethiols (3a)–(5a) by the SRN1 reaction to give good yields of the corresponding p-nitrobenzylic aryl sulfides (6)–(10). For example, the reaction of sodium 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenethiolate (4b) with α-t-butyl-a-methyl-p-nitrobenzyl chloride (2) gives the sulfide (10) in over 80% yield after 2 h at room temperature in Me2SO. Only in reactions involving 2,4,6-tri-t-butylbenzenethiol (5a) are low yields or failed reactions encountered. Qualitative examination of the dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the sulfides prepared in these reactions shows that up to three restricted rotational phenomena can be identified. These are rotation about the benzylic-carbon to p-nitrophenyl ring bond, rotation about the sulfur to aromatic ring bond, and rotation about the bond joining the t-butyl group to the benzylic carbon. The last phenomenon produces, in the sulfide (9), the relatively rare and unusual situation wherein the t-butyl group appears as three distinct methyl resonances at low temperatures.


"AsI walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place―in San Francisco, in a castle by a body of water called Laguna Honda, or deep lake (Fig. 4). There, in 1947, was established the Laboratory of Experi mental Oncology, a combined operation of the National Cancer Institute and the School of Medicine ofthe Univer sity of California. It was my purpose to demonstrate two arrangements: (a) that biomedical research programs of the NIH should develop as colonies of full partnership with institutions of higher learning throughout the United States: and (b) that biomedical research in the clinic and in the laboratory should be pursued by full4ime research teams working in this partnership. It was a premature regional cancer center. We assembled a group and were allocated two floors of a wing of the castle, a metropolitan old people's home. We had a 15-bed unit for clinical investigations and a floor for laboratories and animals. Fig. 5 is a group picture of the staff taken in 1949. Fig. 6 is another group picture, showing our solidarity as members of the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service, now under dire threat to its survival. Experimental clinical chemotherapy of cancer was our underlying theme (31, 32). We were first to use nitrogen mustard, antifolates, and Myleran in the San Francisco Bay area (27, 44, 46). We performed one of the earlier hypo physectomies for cancer in the United States (33). We attempted to use infections for therapeutic effects in leu kemia (5). Howard Bierman and his clinical team passed catheters into arteries, outlined the vascular patterns of tumors, and treated the tumors with drugs introduced through the arteries (7). They performed cross-circulation studies be tween patients with leukemia and patients with other neo plasms (3) and cannulated the thoracic duct in man (4). Reports of these investigations are still well worth reading, 20 years later.


The class of nonlinear time series models known as autoregressive conditional duration
[ACD] models plays a central role for modeling durations, also known as
waiting-times. These waiting-times/durations are positive random variables which
are defined in relation to an irregularly observed time series of events occurring at
random points in time. For example, the waiting time for the change in the share-price
of an asset to exceed a certain threshold, or the duration between consecutive
financial transactions such as share trading. This thesis focusses on the ACD family
of models for such durations or waiting times.

The ACD model describes a duration process {Zi } by Zi = Ψiei , where Ψi is the expected
duration conditional on the past information, and ei is an independent and
identically distributed [iid] positive error term with E(ei ) = 1. An ACD model is
characterized by two specifications: (i) the specification of the conditional mean
functionΨi , and (ii) the specification of the distribution of the error term ei . A number
of parametric models have been proposed for (i) and (ii). A large proportion of
these models have complicated probabilistic structures. As a consequence, assessing
the goodness-of-fit of such models is a non-trivial task. However, the methodology
for inference in ACD models is still in the early stages of development, and hence
the literature on testing for the goodness or lack of fit of such parametric models is
relatively scant. Thus, there is a need for developing new methodologies for testing
parametric specifications for the ACD class of models. This thesis contributes to this broad area of statistical inference. Our results and methodology are presented
in detail in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of this thesis.

The main objectives and contributions of this thesis can be summarized as follows.
(a) Martingale transformation techniques have been successfully adapted in the literature
to develop asymptotically distribution free specification tests for regression
and autoregressive models. We extend this transformation technique to multiplicative models
in Chapter 3, in order to develop an asymptotically distribution free test
for the specification of the conditional mean of an ACD model. (b) In Chapter 4 we
introduce a new parametric form which nests all linear specifications of the conditional
mean function of an ACD model, and develop a class of tests for checking its
goodness-of-fit. In the process of deriving the asymptotic distributions of the proposed
test statistics, we show that a quasi maximum likelihood estimator [QMLE] is
root-n consistent and asymptotically normal for the proposed family of models. Further,
a residual-based bootstrap procedure is proposed for computing the critical
values of the test statistics, and its asymptotic validity is established. (c) Finally, in
Chapter 5 a new class of tests is developed for fitting a parametric form for the error
distribution of an ACD model. The critical values of the test statistics are obtained
via a parametric bootstrap algorithm and its asymptotic validity is established.

The tests proposed in this thesis were evaluated via simulation studies, comparing
them with some of the best available tests from the existing literature. In these simulations,
the tests proposed in this thesis exhibited a good overall performance. In
each chapter, the proposed testing procedures are illustrated using empirical examples.


The trace fossil Diplopodichnus isp. was identified in lacustrine siliciclastics of the Lower Jurassic Anyao Formation in the Henan Province, central China. This is the youngest occurrence of this ichnogenus. It is similar to some variants of recent surface traces of the isopod Armadillidium vulgare (pillbug) crawling on soft mud in temporal puddles. Therefore, isopods are suggested to be producers of the described Diplopodichnus isp. It seems that isopods should be taken into account as important component of deep lacustrine ecosystems by the Early Jurassic.


This paper employs double-layer dynamic balancing model to solve problems in design of urban traffic network,i.e.establishing a double-layer planning model with total impedance and construction capital of traffic network as upper objective and variational inequality model of dynamic routing as lower objective.The simulated annealing algorithm is selected to solve the upper model and the modified projection algorithm to solve the lower model.This model can inherently and continuously modify rate of inflow and capability increment of sections(i.e.network design scheme),and in the meantime can obtain the optimal solution of broadening scheme for rate of inflow and capability increment of sections.The feasibility and correctness of this algorithm have been verified on a small-sized network.


The aim of this paper is to highlight the potential for the development of tourism in Osijek-Baranja County, the importance and the role of marketing in tourism as well as the need for careful planning and implementation of marketing activities to facilitate the development of tourism. The paper gives an account of the present situation and proposes activities to be undertaken to facilitate that development. It describes the county's tourist resources and potentials as well as the types of tourism that Osijek-Baranja County can offer. A brief overview is provided of the importance and the role of marketing in the development of tourism in the county area and draws conclusions based on the SWOT analysis of the county's tourist potentials. It describes the marketing activities aimed at tourism development and gives suggestions on how to facilitate it. The conclusions of this paper underline the role of marketing in the development of tourism in Osijek-Baranja County area as well as the need for its careful planning and implementation.


The intersubband transition of wurtzite (WZ) p-type GaN/AlN quantum well (QW) structures grown on GaN substrate was investigated theoretically using the multiband effective-mass theory. The peak value of the TE-polarization absorption spectrum is found to be similar to that of the TM-polarization absorption spectrum. The absorption coefficients for TE- and TM-polarizations are mainly attributed to the absorption from the ground state (m1 = 1) because holes are mainly confined in ground states near the band-edge in an investigated range of the carrier density. We observe that a transition wavelength of 1.55 μm can be obtained for the QW structure with a relatively thin (∼16 A) well width. Thus, we expect that a p-type WZ AlN/GaN heterostructure is applicable for a photodetector application for fiber-optic communications with normal incidence of wave.


The nonsymmetric Lanczos tridiagonalization algorithm is essentially the Gram-Schmidt biorthogonalization method for generating biorthogonal bases of a pair of Krylov subspaces. It suffers from breakdown and instability when a pivot at some step is zero or nearly zero, which is often the result of mismatch of the two Krylov subspaces. In this paper, we propose to modify one of the two Krylov subspaces by introducing a "new-start" vector when a pivot is small. This new-start vector generates another Krylov subspace, which we add to the old one in an appropriate way so that the Gram-Schmidt method for the modified subspaces yields a recurrence similar to the Lanczos algorithm. Our method enforces the pivots to be above a certain threshold and can handle both exact breakdown and near-breakdown. In particular, we recover lookahead Lanczos algorithms and Arnoldi's algorithm as two special cases. We also discuss theoretical and practical issues concerning the new-start procedure and present a convergence analysis as well as some numerical examples.


Basic principles In situ hybridisation can be defined as the morphological localisation of genetic sequences. The objective therefore is to determine the presence or absence of specific DNA or RNA species and to localise those species to particular cellular or chromosomal sites. The identity of sequences within cells is established by exploiting a fundamental property of nucleic acids; their ability to anneal to one another in a sequence specific manner to form hybrids. This is true not only of the two strands of DNA but also of RNA–DNA and RNA– RNA combinations. By labelling one of these two strands, the hybrids formed by such annealing can be detected by a variety of means. The basic requirements of the technique are therefore: a probe that is specific for the sequence of interest and is labelled to allow appropriate detection; and preservation of sufficient morphological detail to allow identification of the location of the labelled probe.


AbstractCross-lagged panel analysis was used to explore possible causal relationships between attitude and achievement in the areas of mathematics and reading. The analysis was performed on measures from a total of 1,758 elementary students from the second to sixth grades. No significant predominant causal relationship between attitude and achievement was indicated. Subsequently, it was concluded that producing changes in one variable will not necessarily lead to changes in the other.


Objective To observe clinical therapeutic effects of warm needling and moxibustion on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and their influence on nerve conduction velocity. Methods Fifty two cases were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=26) and a control group (n=26). In addition to basic treatment for lowering blood sugar in both groups, Pǐshū (BL 20), Shenshū (BL 23), Huntiao (GB 30), Zusanlǐ (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Sanyīnjiao (SP 6), Taixī (KI 3), Qǔchi (LI 11), Waiguan (TE 5) and Hegǔ (LI 4) were selected for warm needling and moxibustion in the treatment group. Methycobal was intramuscularly injected in the control group. Clinical symptoms and conduction velocities of the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were compared before and after treatment. Results Warm needling and moxibustion could alleviate such clinical symptoms as numbness of limbs, pain and hypoesthesia, and obviously improve the conduction velocities of both tibial and common peroneal nerves. Conclusion Warm needling and moxibustion exhibit good therapeutic effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.


We embarked on establishing methods for the long-term and continuous filtration of draft beer, using our existing candle filter system without a centrifuge, toward the goals of productivity improvement, cost reduction, order-driven production with flexible output, and others. This study shows some of the methods that proved to be quite effective, such as optimizing precoating and kieselguhr mixtures and dosage and establishing an evaluation procedure for young beer. Relative to precoat optimization, we discovered that kieselguhr could be uniformly coated on the elements by modifying the method and timing of the kieselguhr slurry addition. In the kieselguhr mixture optimization, modifying the kieselguhr mixtures minimized the differential pressure increase. Relative to dosage optimization, optimizing the flow volume reduced both the amount of cake buildup and the differential pressure increase. In the evaluation test of young beer, relativity was discovered between the number of yeast cells in young beer and the differential pressure increase. Accordingly, an effective filtration pattern was created by precounting the number of yeast cells in the young beer prior to filtration and adjusting the filtration parameters accordingly. We are reporting the methods mentioned above as they relate to long beer filtration cycles while maintaining the filtering function to trap microorganisms and the quality of foam retention, as well as the results of the forcing test and others.


This paper describes electrical characteristics of bumpless and dual-damascene TSV interconnects for three-dimensional integration (3DI) using Wafer-on-Wafer (WOW) technology. Process optimization counter to integration issues of TSV formation process is demonstrated using test vehicle fabricated with 300-mm wafer and characterized by chain resistance and leakage current in the wafer level.


Several phytomolecules have been reported as hepato protective agents against many xenobiotics. In this work, we study the efficacy of the hepatoprotective activity of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Forty male alb ino rats were divided into five groups (8 rats each ). Various liver dysfunction biomarkers were studied also deal s with histopathology of liver sections. Results re vealed that liver biomarkers in CCl 4-treaed rats were significantly increased. In contr as , administration of alcoholic extract of dandelion herb revealed significant reduction indic at ng the effect of alcoholic dendalion extract in restoring the normal functional ability of hepatocytes. Histopath ological parameters showed significant improvement compared to that of CCl 4 group. In the meantime dandelion alcoholic extract contains luteolin, Leteblin glycoside, Chlorogenic acid and Cinnamic acid. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest a remarkable antihepa totoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepat otoxicity. ________________________________________________________________________________________


Background andPurpose: Cerebral venousthrombosis ischaracterized byitsclinical pleomorphism and pathogenetic variability. We studied 67 patients withcerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancyandpuerperium andcompared themwith46othercasesunrelated toobstetric causesto disclose differences intheirclinical presentation, neuroradiological findings, clinical course,and prognosis. Methods: Inthisretrospective study, we analyzed theclinical, laboratory, andneuroimaging findings of 113patients collected consecutively atour institute. Thediagnosis ofcerebral venous thrombosis was confirmed byangiography, magnetic resonanceimaging, orneuropathological study. Results: Patients withcerebral venous thrombosis associated withpregnancyandpuerperium were younger(average age,26versus36years), andinmost, theonsetofsymptoms was acute(82%versus54%; P=.003). Theevolution ofsymptoms reached aplateau within 10daysin70%ofpatients withthrombosis fromobstetric causes,compared withonly45%inthosefromother causes(P=.01). Anemiawas more frequent intheobstetric group (64%versus26%;P=.00001). Therewere no differences regarding neurological andneuroradiological findings. Although theinitial severity ofillness was similar inboth groups,thefinal outcome was considered goodin80%,ofpatients withobstetric causes,compared with 58%ofpatients withother causes(P=.01); mortality rates were9%and33%,respectively (P=.002). Conclusions: Cerebral venousthrombosis associated withpregnancyandpuerperium hasa more acute onsetanda better prognosis thanthrombosis duetoother causes.Thesefindings mightbehelpful inthe diagnostic andtherapeutic strategies forpatients withcerebral venous thrombosis. (Stroke. 1993;24: 1880-1884.)


The purpose of this study is to identify determinants that lead to customer satisfaction in both IFFR and LFFR. In order to achieve objectives, there were few variable used like ambiance, service quality and operation hour towards customer satisfaction in IFFR and LFFR. Quantitative method used to analyze this research and questionnaires as research instrument, descriptive and pearson correlation used to data analyzed. Ambiance is the strongest variables for both IFFR and LFFR, compare with service quality. It can be concluded that customer satisfaction in essential for fast food restaurant, while ambiance is important element for fast food restaurant to maintain its business. It is expected that the findings of the study will bring extra knowledge to researcher in worldwide.


Almost all countries of the world are involved in the migration process, and Uzbekistan is no exception. While our country is involved in the international migration process, including labor migration, one of the main factors is the large number of young workers and the underdeveloped domestic labor market. Therefore, our citizens are working abroad in the world labor market.


This paper proposes a generic Grid privacy-preserving computation(G2PC) model which supports privacy-preserving data analysis and computation on multiple distributed datasets without compromising both the raw data privacy of Grid nodes and data statistics (intermediate result) privacy. The center of the design is our novel Data Privacy-Preserving Broker (D2PB) that combines the GSI (Grid Security infrastructure) with a number of cryptographic primitives. G2PC model requires neither one-to-all interactions among participating entities, nor reassignment of security parameters when membership or data changes. Therefore, it is efficient, scalable, and suited to large-scale Data Grid systems that are expected to host thousands of dynamic nodes. The privacy-preserving variance computation and privacy-preserving k-means clustering algorithm have been used as examples to demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed framework.


Abstract  - The purpose of this analysis is to know some contributing factors of phonem changes in Bahasa Jawa ngapak in Desa Bendungan, Kabupaten Kebumen. The method of this analysis is field research and the data of this analysis are taken from some utterances which uttered by respondence. In collecting the data, writer interviewed the respondence about same words then write the fhonetic transcription of it. The writer found some phoneme changes such as coarticulation process in labialization in  [tuwa], nasalisation [mb], [nd], and [nϯ], and glottalisation in [riʔ], [uɭaʔ], [sapaʔ]. The next changes are distribution process such as aferesis  [ati],  [uϲan],  [umah], apokop [uɭaʔ], monophthong  [dano] [au] menjadi [o], and the last process is anaftiksis such as paragog in  [sikuʈ. Besides that the writer also found some consonants cluster in Bahasa Jawa Ngapak such as [swiwi], with [r] [kruŋu], [mripat], [mriɲaŋ], [srəŋɛŋɛ] with [l][bləϲuk], [gluduk], [blədɛg]. Some consonants also found in bahasa jawa ngapak Desa Bendungan kabupaten Kebumen  [p], [b], [t], [ʈ], [ϲ], [ϯ], [k], [g], [ʔ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [r], [s], [j], [h], [w], [l]. Besidesthat some vocals also appear [i], [u], [e], [ə], [ɛ], [o], [a].  Keywords: perubahan  fonem, konsonan, vokal, konsonan gabungan, bahasa Jawa ngapak kabupaten Kebumen.


Dead algae sinking to the ocean floor may have sequestered carbon 445 million years ago, triggering the glaciation that accompanied the Late Ordovician mass extinction.


The invention provides an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor demodulation system and method, which belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor demodulation system comprises a collimating lens group, an optical wedge, a converging lens, a photodetector array and a signal processing device. An output optical signal of an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is collimated by the collimating lens group, enters the optical wedge, is reflected by upper and lower surfaces of the optical wedge, is converged to the surface of the photodetector array by the convergence lens, is interfered to form an interferometric fringe signal, and is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector. The signal processing device carries out convex wave peak analyzing and processing on the signal to acquire the cavity length of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor. Compared with the existing transmission type demodulation system, the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor demodulation system and method have the advantages that the contrast of the interference signal incident on the photodetector array can be effectively improved; the cavity length demodulation resolution of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor can be enhanced; and the accuracy of the cavity length demodulation resolution can be enhanced.


A hierarchy of equations for the distribution functions of electrons and ions in weakly ionized plasma in magnetic fields was derived using the Bogolyubov method. The collisions of charged particles with neutral particles were considered with the Boltzmann or Fokker-Planck collision terms. Closed equations for the distribution functions of the first or second order were found from a series development. Under the assumption of a Maxwell distribution of the pulse, corresponding equations for the spatial distribution functions were found. The equations established are also valid for electrolytes, although electrophoretic effects are still not attainable. The theory developed was used in order to investigate the relaxation of the ion atmosphere and the frequency dispersion of the tensors of the complex dielectric constants in exterior magnetic fields.


Ceramic-filled epoxy, ethylene methacrylic acid (EMAA) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) coatings were evaluated for corrosion protection in a biochemical process to treat geothermal residues. The epoxy was brush applied whereas the other coatings were thermal sprayed. Atlas cell and peel strength tests were performed in aggressive environments including hypersaline brine and sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). It was found that the polymers were resistant to chemical attack and biodeterioration at the test temperature of 55°C. Corrosion of mild steel substrates coated with EMAA and ETFE occurred in Atlas cell tests that simulated an uninsulated lined reactor and this resulted in decreased adhesive strength. The ceramic-filled epoxy provided better substrate protection than the EMAA and EWE. Insulation of the reactors may improve coating performance since tlus would decrease the thermal gradient which affects permeation. The results of the research are also applicable to low temperature geothermal applications.


Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Theory: 1. Introduction 2. Evolutionary trees 3. Substitution and site models 4. The molecular clock 5. Structured trees and phylogeography Part II. Practice: 6. Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees 7. Setting up and running a phylogenetic analysis 8. Estimating species trees from multilocus data 9. Advanced analysis 10. Posterior analysis and post-processing 11. Exploring phylogenetic tree space Part III. Programming 12. Getting started with BEAST 13. BEAST XML 14. Coding and design patterns 15. Putting it all together Bibliography List of authors List of subjects.


In 1979-1980 about 68% of the women in Ghana had heard of 1 or more contraceptive methods. Of these about 2/3 had never used a family planning method. 24.6% of all women aged 15-34 have had 5 or more children. In 1980 47% of the population was under age 15. Ghana has a primary health care policy which integrates maternal and child health and family planning. The main objective of the maternal health services is to reduce maternal morbidity through providing antenatal care intrapartum care postnatal care and family planning services. Child health services include 1) an immunization program; 2) routine screening for malnutrition physical abnormalities and development delays; and 3) clinical consultation education and treatment for common ailments. Ministry of Health personnel are distributed throughout the country but nurses tend to be concentrated in urban areas. In 1961 the Christian Council of Ghana introduced family planning as a public service. Since 1970 both the civilian and military governments have affirmed the population policy which recognizes the harmful effects of a high population growth rate. The following sources provide family planning services: 1) government hospitals and polyclinics and health posts 2) general practitioners 3) midwives 4) clinics of the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana and the Christian Council and 5) commercial centers. Control programs for infectious diseases are integrated into other health activities under the Primary Health Care Programme. However extra efforts are made to reduce the prevalence of certain parasite infections. Awutu is the site of a pilot project for integrated family planning nutrition and parasite control. The ultimate objectives of this project are to 1) collect basic information about health nutrition family planning and socioeconomic status; 2) improve the health and socioeconomic welfare of the population; and 3) promote better health through education.


Isolated gall bladder tuberculosis is a highly rare disease entity. It may be associated with other intra-abdomen tuberculosis, which may involve the gallbladder via the lymphatics or bloodstream pathway. We intend to present a case of gall bladder tuberculosis diagnosed histopathologically in a 50 year old female patient, suspected to be gallbladder carcinoma after computed tomography scan and frozen section biopsy. So all operated cholecystectomy specimens should always be send for histopathology confirmation of the diagnosis and all patients of gall bladder tuberculosis should be assessed for any tubercular focus elsewhere in the body.


For the problem that closeness is difficult to effectively distinguish the importance of some nodes in complex networks, a new method of node importance measurement is proposed, which fuse the degree and closeness based on node re-ranking in segmentation. According to the network propagation dynamics model and Kendalls Tau coefficient, accuracy indicator and ranking stability indicator for evaluating measurement methods are given. Using the proposed method, simulations are carried out on Barabasi-Albert(BA) scale-free networks and ER random networks with different structures. The results show that compared with degree and closeness, fusion method not only has better measurement accuracy, but also has higher ranking stability.


The present invention relates to exactly duplicate files and efficiently processed to manage. A file and / or systems and techniques to deduplicate the BLOB in the file system is presented. In one embodiment, E-mail system is disclosed, E-mail system receives the E-mail message that contains a set of related attachments. System, whether the associated attachment has been stored in the E-mail system before, the state of the stored file attachment, when the state of the attachment is suitable for sharing a copy of the attached file, the attached file It decides to provide a reference to the attached file when there was a sharing request. In another embodiment, the system detects whether the stored attached file is corrupt, if so, in some cases, before sharing a reference to the attachment, repair attachments it is possible to try to. .FIELD 1


How are we to understand the Information Society? More, how are we to extend this understanding and develop it into a critique of this society? In his Critique of Information, Scott Lash argues that, for starters, we'd better understand that the old rules have been torn up. The processes of social, cultural and economic informationization that have stemmed from the ICT revolution have been so comprehensive and totalizing that there is no longer the 'space' in which to stop and reflect and develop critique. Lash is persuaded, too, by much of Paul Virilio's theories on the 'age of speed', and so not only is there no 'space', there is also, literally, no 'time' due to the ICT compression of clock time into the real time of information networks. The conceptual frameworks through which most of us, consciously or unconsciously, have made sense of the world, have acted as a basis for critique of the world—or just have allowed for a subjective orientation within it—have been superseded. Thus Lash argues that the categories of modernity, postmodernity, industrialism and postindustrialism, and the ontologies they produce are now wholly inadequate as ways both to comprehend and critique information and the society it generates. The traditional spaces for critique that have shaped thought and action for over 200 years have been subsumed under the avalanche of just two decades of informationization. Traditionally, critique has evolved along two closely related pathways. One is of the critique of the particular though the universal. In Marxism, for example, capitalism is the particular critiqued through the universalism of the Marxist worldview. The other well-known idea of critique comes from the Kantian-inspired critique of the universal– particular couple itself, operating from the critical space of 'the other'. Fundamentally, both these spaces of critique operated upon a dualism, implying a realm of transcendence, an elsewhere, from where the 'outside' critiques the 'inside'. For Lash, these dualisms evolved out of and were specifically suited to 'the era of national manufacturing societies', whereas 'the global information culture ... tends to erase the possibility of a transcendental realm' (p. 9). What does this totalizing information space consist of? Primarily, argues Lash, the ICT revolution has finished the job begun by the 'first media age' of mass media over a century ago. The convergence of telecommunications, computing and the media have


Twenty-five dentures were processed from pour resins without centrifugation and ten dentures were processed with the use of a centrifuge. The complete upper dentures were measured to determine the differences in linear dimensional change and vertical occlusal relationships. Those processed without centrifugation of the resin showed less porosity and a greater loss of vertical dimension in the molars than in the anterior teeth. Dentures processed with the centrifuge showed less loss of vertical dimension and less linear dimensional shrinkage.


1. On Au gust 7, 1899, a pow er ful hur ri cane struck the coasts of the French island of Dominica. A suc cinct ca ble ar rived in Puerto Rico, which read: "Communication is cut off in east ern Cuba: the hur ri cane seems to be approaching Puerto Rico."1 Dominica was only a bead in the neck lace of is lands destroyed by Hurricane San Ciriaco. In 2017, 118 years lat er, Hurricane María would tie us up again with the thread of an al ready-for got ten plot. This time, we did not re ceive a ca ble. During the last hours with elec tric i ty, we were able to read the state ments of the prime min is ter of Dominica, Roosevelt Skerrit, who, af er be ing res cued from his roof ess home, told the world that in a sin gle night his small coun try of 750 square ki lo me ters and se ven tyfive thou sand in hab i tants had lost ev ery thing money could re place. On Au gust 8, 1899, and with out time to pre pare, Puerto Rico witnessed Hurricane San Ciriaco sneak through the town of Arroyo and leave six hours later through the town of Aguadilla. María would fol low in its foot steps a cen tury lat er. It en tered the island shortly af er 6:00 a.m. of Sep tem ber 20, 2017, destroying ev ery thing in its path. That day we never saw the sun. The dim light from the elec tric bulbs would not come back for many months. One-hun dred-fif y-five-mile-an-hour winds roared across the beaches in the town of Yabucoa, where two tor na does were later sight ed. Like San Ciriaco, María lef the island through the north coast a few hours af er noon, some where be tween the towns of Quebradillas and Camuy. It was not the same coun try af er San Ciriaco or María roared away from our shores. During the few hours the storms spent over the island, Puerto Rico moved into new cen tu ries. When the winds of San Ciriaco eased off—for twen ty-eight con sec u tive days it did not stop raining—2,184 res i dents had died, most of them from the tor ren tial


-Ghanaian women have increased their presence in management positions. However, there is still a gender gap. This research has considered as main referent the studies of 9 countries in Latin America, France and United States of America about aspirations, barriers, challenges, family-work balance and other aspects of women in managerial positions. The researcher adopted descriptive survey with quantitative approach. The sample is composed of 120 women. Most of the participants identified reaching a balance between work, personal life and family as their principal challenge as in Latin America. Some of Ghanaian women also admitted they have encountered difficulties in their careers, including: wage discrimination, gender discrimination, and schedule inflexibility. The result presents other similarities and differences when comparing results with those in Latin America. Both women from Latin America and Ghana have challenge of reaching a balance between work, personal life and family. Consequently, Ghanaian women are more incline to managerial positions because they tend to have fewer children than their counterparts in Latin America.


The applicability of two phase-resolving wave models (Boussinesq-type) for simulating wave transformation over seabeds with plane slopes and with submerged structures is further investigated by coupling a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation for wave breaking induced energy dissipation. Previous studies have shown that the models developed using Boussinesq equations with improved nonlinearity and frequency dispersion are capable of simulating wave evolution over mildly sloping beaches at shallow/intermediate water depths but with little emphasis on changes to bottom configurations. In this study, a published set of data is used to calibrate two phase-resolving wave models developed extending an improved form of the Boussinesq equations to include steep localised bottom slopes and wave breaking induced energy dissipation. The first model is limited to simulating wave transformation over impermeable beds but the second model is developed to incorporate porous beds. Porous damping is introduced in the second model by coupling the governing equations with a nonlinear Darcy-Forchheimer equation. The calibrated models with appropriate values for relevant model parameters are found to reproduce wave height, mean water level distributions across the surf zone for different wave conditions and bottom configurations with a high level of accuracy in 1-dimensional horizontal (1DH) wave propagation. The results obtained from this study are vital in validating a 2-dimensional horizontal (2DH) wave-current model.


Recent efforts at modeling the mechanics and dynamics of mechanical alloying are summarized. The modeling is described from two perspectives. One considers the deformation response and the fracture and welding tendencies of powder particles entrapped between colliding grinding media in an individual collision. We call this local modeling. Fundamental and phenomenological approaches to local modeling have been undertaken, and these are described here as are numerical applications of the approaches. We have termed the second type of modeling global modeling. Global modeling concerns itself with device specific characteristics, and has potential for improving MA devices. Global modeling also serves to provide parameters that are necessary to best utilize local modeling.


We argue that early French relative clauses (RCs) with gaps involve movement, contrary to Labelle's (1990) conclusion, but that it is movement of the relative head, not of an operator. We suggest that children lack relative operators for maturational reasons (Wexler (1991)). Our account shows that the deviation of early RCs from adult grammar is due to this lacuna and is compensated for in a manner consistent with Universal Grammar (UG). This analysis explains the absence of "pied piping" and the preponderance of gaps in object relative clauses in Labelle's corpus. We assimilate relative clauses where the relativized NP occurs in situ to wh-in situ in French interrogatives. This is compatible with UG given that internally headed relative clauses are attested cross-linguistically. We consider child and adult Korean (Lee, Lust, and Whitman (1991)) in this context. This approach also captures Flynn and Lust's (1980) observation that free relatives are acquired earlier than restrictive relatives.


Historically, the emphasis of vocational education was placed on students acquiring occupational skills to master jobs in the workplace. Vocational courses, as a consequence, placed little emphasis on learning the disciplines of science, mathematics, and English, except as those disciplines related to specific occupational pursuits. As society has become technologically complex, information and information processing have taken on greatly increased importance for workers. Levels of learning formerly acquired by only a few students are now deemed necessary for all students to enable them to function effectively on the job and in society. A major goal of the applied mathematics courses of the [US] Tech Prep curriculum is to provide completers of the two-year sequence with quantitative skills equivalent to students completing a traditional beginning Algebra course. This paper reports on a study a colleague and I conducted to ascertain the achievement level on selected algebra competencies by high school students who had completed a two-course sequence in Applied Mathematics and students who had completed a traditional beginning Algebra course. A 36-item algebra competency examination was administered to 167 students who completed two Applied Mathematics courses and 340 students who completed a traditional beginning Algebra course during the final two weeks of the 1996/1997 school year. The data were statistically analysed using two-tailed t-tests. A statistically significant difference between scores for the Applied Mathematics and beginning Algebra groups was revealed by statistical analysis of the mean percentile scores obtained on an algebra competency examination. The mean percentile score for students completing the Applied Mathematics courses was statistically significantly higher than the mean percentile score of students completing a traditional beginning Algebra course.


Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) is increasingly regarded as being due to microvascular compression of the trigeminal sensory root, either by an artery or a vein close to the brainstem.1 Yet vascular contacts are found in entirely asymptomatic cases, no vascular contacts are found in some asymptomatic patients, and, most importantly, ITN suddenly switches off, even for years, only to return later, in the face of continuing vascular compression.2 Despite this, microvascular decompression produces immediate virtually complete (98–100%) relief in 82% of the cases and 64% after 10 years.3 Adams has suggested that, ITN being a hyperfunctional disorder of the brainstem, microvascular decompression "produces chronic trauma to a sensitive zone of the cranial nerve... by the dissection necessary and by the manipulation required microvascular decompression produces sufficient trauma to achieve interference of normal functioning of that nerve", thus dampening the abnormal brainstem activity responsible for ITN.2 Failure to achieve an initial result or early recurrence would imply insufficient surgical trauma.2 We evaluated this hypothesis in our patients submitted to microvascular decompression. Forty one out of 410 patients with …


Maintaining a stable social organization necessitates that animals recognize their own dominance status relative to the status of other group members. The weakly electric brown ghost knifefish emits a sexually dimorphic sinusoidal electric organ discharge (EOD) for electrolocation. Dominant males discharge at the highest and females at the lowest EOD frequencies (EODFs). Each individual is most sensitive to its own EODF, which can be modulated for communication. To examine how sensitivity and social status influence an individual's response to different cues, we recorded the electrical signals emitted by 10 males and seven females in response to playbacks of sine waves mimicking a wide range of con- and heterospecific EODFs. While all individuals emit small chirps (LoCs) mostly to stimuli around their own EODF, they are more likely to emit rises (gradual nonchirp signals) to frequencies to which they are less sensitive; males similarly emit larger chirps (HiCs) to frequencies more distant from their own, especially to female mimics. Males with 'dominant' EODFs are less likely to emit rises, stimuli in the female range elicit more rises from both sexes, and females emit rises to male EOD mimics. Although low-ranking male EOD mimics elicit more LoCs from all males, males with lower-ranking EODFs chirp less at high EOD mimics than males with high-ranking EODFs chirp at low EOD mimics. We conclude that (1) although much of the variation in an individual's response is attributable to its sensitivity, individuals recognize sexual and status cues and have some internal representation of their own social status, and (2) whereas LoCs appear to function in intrasexual aggression, HiCs and rises could be used in both courtship and submissive signalling. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


STT-MRAM has been considered to be the promising candidate of next generation memory because it has the read and write operation of around ~10 ns and nonvolatile memory characteristics without refresh operation. In order to realize the scalability of STT-MRAM under 30-nm feature size, a major challenge is to obtain the thermal stability (Ku × V/kBT), high TMR ratio and low critical current density (JCO) magnetization switching of free layer [1]. Recently, Co-based full-Huesler materials have been reported that the perpendicular-magnetic tunneling junctions (p-MTJ) using Co2FeAl(CFA) fullHuesler alloys and MgO barrier with coherent tunneling on MgO(001) substrate can obtain TMR(91%), Ku (3 × 10 erg/cm) and low α (0.004) [2,3]. In this study, the roughness effect of Pt seed layer was investigated in CFA/MgO/C2Fe6B2(CFB) p-MTJ. The films of p-MTJ multi-layers were deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates by high vacuum magnetron sputtering system with the using pressure of 1 × 10 torr. the stack structures, from the substrate side, MgO(2)/Pt(tPt)/ CFA(0.8)/MgO (1.8)/CFB(1.4)/Ta(7) were fabricated, where Pt thickness was 1, 2, 6, 8, and 10 nm to consider the roughness effect of seed layer. The films were sputtered by DC/RF magnetron in an argon atmosphere (10 sccm). After p-MTJs fabrication, ex-situ annealing (Tex) was performed at a temperature ranging from 250 to 350C in a vacuum environment above 10 torr under a perpendicular magnetic field of 3 Tesla for 2 hrs. Figure 1 shows that the hysteresis loops for p-MTJs with tPt=2 and 10 nm without and with annealing at 250 and 350C. Surprisingly, In spite of Tex=350 C, we definitely obtained the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) characteristics using CFA material. Figure 2 shows that the hysteresis loop of M-H for pMTJ stacks with various Pt thicknesses. Especially, the steps of the separated magnetization switching of the CFA and CFB layers are clearly observed at only tPt=2 nm at Tex=300 C. However, one magnetic switching was appeared at over Tex=325 C because CFA material has only high thermal stability. Figure 3 shows the surface information of Pt seed layer, the sample consist of, from the substrate side, Si/SiO2/MgO(2) /Pt(tPt)/CFA(0.8) with tPt=1, 2, 6, and 10 nm at an annealing temperature ranging from asdeposition to 350C. As a result, thinner seed layer and higher temperature can achieve better surface morphology. Figure 4 shows HR-TEM images, lattice fringes of Pt seed layer can be clearly observed at tPt= 2 nm, indicating the formation of well textured B2 structure resulting from a good the flatness of Pt seed layer. However, in case of tPt= 10 nm, B2 structure was partially observed because of rough interface due to thick Pt seed layer. To achieve the robust p-MTJ characteristics, the flat surface roughness of seed layer is very important. In our presentation, we will report the roughness effect of Pt seed layer under CFA/MgO/CFB p-MTJ by using VSM, AFM and HR-TEM, etc. In addition, we will review the mechanism how the magnetic properties of various p-MTJs are influenced by surface morphology of Pt seed layer. * This work was financially supported by the IT R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT [10043398, Fundamental technology development of materials of magnet resistance change (MR ratio >120%) and tunneling barrier for advanced low power memory device].


Abstract : This report describes the construction and performance of a forecasting model developed to forecast U.S. civilian unemployment. The model is based on a composite leading indicator, tailored to the unemployment rate, which consists of 15 component series on the U.S. economy. The components are weighted by an empirically derived weighting procedure, using bivariate regression analysis. As the objective is a 12 month forecast of unemployment, the weight of each of the component series is derived from its predictive power at a lead of 12 months. Within-sample testing indicates that the USULI12 leads turning points (both peaks and troughs) in U.S. unemployment by two to eleven months. Regression testing confirms the predictive power of the USULI12. To forecast the U.S. unemployment rate, the USULI12 is used as the input variable in a transfer function model with an ARIMA noise structure. In a series of out-of-sample tests designed to examine forecasting accuracy near turning points, the mean absolute error is typically less than a 0.5 unemployment percentage point. Keywords: Unemployment forecasts; Leading economic indicators; Transfer functions; ARIMA models.


Detection of lymphatic endothelal cells (LECs) has been problematic because of the lack of specific markers. The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is expressed in LECs of murine and avian embryos. We have studied expression of Prox1 in human tissues with immunofluorescence. In 19‐wk‐old human fetuses, Prox1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3) are coexpressed in LECs of lymphatic trunks and lymphatic capillaries. Prox1 is located in the nucleus, and its expression is mutually exclusive with that of the blood vascular marker PAL‐E. Prox1 is a constitutive marker of LECs and is found in tissues of healthy adults and lymphedema patients. Blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) of hemangiomas express CD31 and CD34, but not Prox1. A subset of these cells is positive for VEGFR‐3. Lymphatics in the periphery of hemangiomas express Prox1 and CD31, but not CD34. In lymphangiomas, LECs express Prox1, CD31, and VEGFR‐3, but rarely CD34. In the stroma, spindle‐shaped CD34‐positive cells are present. We show that Prox1 is a reliable marker for LECs in normal and pathologic human tissues, coexpressed with VEGFR‐3 and CD31. VEGFR‐3 and CD34 are less reliable markers for LECs and BECs, respectively, because exceptions from their normal expression patterns are found in pathologic tissues.


Most people who are involved with routing printed wiring boards have one or more favorite indicators which they use to predict routing success. Generally these indicators are looked at more as an afterthought, however. If the numbers happen to be available, people might look at them, but seldom is there a deliberate attempt to find and analyze them.
 This paper shows why the process of calculating and checking indicators, called here prerouting analysis, is a profitable task. It further examines what should be measured and shows examples of three analysis programs which have proved quite useful in multilayer board routing, and then gives actual results to substantiate the claim.


G. Gr¨atzer's gives the following example in his monograph «Universal algebra». Let A be a universal algebra (with some family of operations Σ). Let us take an arbitrary set B ⊆ A. For all of the operations f ∈ Σ (let n be the arity of f) let us look how f transformas the elements of Bn. It is not necessary that f(B) ⊆ B, so in the general case B is not a subalgebra of A. But if we define partial operation as mapping from a subset of the set Bn into the set B. then B be a set with a family of partial operations defined on it. Such sets are called partial universal algebras. In our example B will be a partial universal subalgebra of the algebra A, which means the set B will be closed under all of the partial operations of the partial algebra B. So, partial algebras can naturally appear when studying common universal algebras. The concept of congruence of universal algebra can be generalized to the case of partial algebras. It is well-known that the congruences of a partial universal algebra A always from a lattice, and if A be a full algebra (i.e. an algebra) then the lattice of the congruences of A is a sublattice of the lattice of the equivalence relations on A. The congruence lattice of a partial universal algebra is its important characteristics. For the most important cases of universal algebra some results were obtained which characterize the algebras A without any congruences except the trivial congruences (the equality relation on A and the relation A2). It turned out that in the most cases, when the congruence lattice of a universal algebra is trivial the algebra itself is definitely not trivial. And what can we say about the algebras A whose equivalence relation is, vice versa, contains all of the equivalence relations on A? It turns out, in this case any operation f of the algebra A is either a constant (|f(A)| = 1) or a projection (f(x1, ..., xi, ..., xn) ≡ xi). Kozhukhov I. B. described the semigroups whose equivalence relations are one-sided congruences. It is interesting now to generalize these results to the case of partial algebras. In this paper the partial n-ary groupoids G are studied whose operations f satisfy the following condition: for any elements x1, ..., xk−1, xk+1, ..., xn ∈ G the value of the expression f(x1, ..., xk−1, y, xk+1, ..., xn) is defined for not less that three different elements y ∈ G. It will be proved that if any of the congruence relations on G is a congruence of the partial n-ary groupoid (G, f) then under specific conditions for G the partial operation f is not a constant.


An 11.5-month-old male infant, was referred to the Children's Hospital of Buffalo for evaluation of abdominal distention. The infant was a 7.8 lb product of a full-term, uncomplicated pregnancy, labor, and delivery, born to an 18-year-old primigravida mother. No perinatal or neonatal problems were encountered. The child remained well until presentation with the exception of two minor episodes of fever in association with upper respiratory symptoms at 4 and 6 months of age. Over the 2 months prior to referral, the parents noticed the gradual development of abdominal distention. Intermittent low-grade temperatures and loose bowel movements also occurred approximately


Sunspot numbers in the current solar cycle 23 were estimated by using a statistical model with the accumulating cycle sunspot data based on the odd-even behavior of historical sunspot cycles from 1 to 22. Since cycle 23 has progressed and the accurate solar minimum occurrence has been defined, the statistical model is validated by comparing the previous prediction with the new measured sunspot number; the improved sunspot projection in short range of future time is made accordingly. The current cycle is expected to have a moderate level of activity. Errors of this model are shown to be self-correcting as cycle observations become available.


The prosthetic rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla represents a great challenge for the surgeon dentist, exactly after the advent of the osseointegrated implants. This if must to the fact of the jaw present anatomical characteristics that make it difficult the procedure such as: bone, predominantly, of the spongy type (classroom III and IV), proximity of nasal cavity, the sinus to maxillaries and the incisive foramen. The carrying patients of resorption of the alveolar process, exacerbate pneumatization of the sinus to maxillaries for previous and those that had suffered great tumor resection are not good candidates to the installation of conventional implantations. On these cases, the treatment would be based on great bones reconstructions what it would result in high degree of morbidity, increase of the costs, reduction of the previsibility and necessity of internment. In the intention of solve the case more quickly and make possible the reconstruction of defect maxillaries the zygomatic anchorage appear as alternative surgical for this patient present index of success next of the 97%, approach of the get for the implantation conventional. The aim of this study was to tell a clinical case of rehabilitation of atrophic jaw by using of zygomatic anchorage bilateral and conventional implants.


Abstract Issues of health and well-being have received considerable attention as a way to help grandparent caregivers. There is growing evidence that grandparenting is beneficial for grandparent caregivers' health, yet acting as grandparent caregiver also is detrimental to health and social relations when a grandparent provides an extensive level of care to grandchildren. The extent to which grandparent caregiving benefits or harms of the health of a grandparent is still unknown; mortality specifically has not been systematically studied. Moreover, although altruistic behaviors towards others have been shown to have beneficial effects on caregivers' health in general, there is little information regarding social relations of grandparent caregivers and their impact on mortality. This study aims to investigate the roles of different aspects of social relations among community-dwelling older adults, examining whether aspects of social relations, including social networks, received functional support aid, and perceived support quality, mediate the association between grandparent caregiving and mortality. The data were drawn from the 2008 and 2014 Health and Retirement Study (N=1,196). Results of survival analyses indicate that custodial and co-parenting grandparents were significantly associated with all-cause mortality over a 6-year period; however, the associations were marginally significant after health statuses were added into the model. Specifically, family-focused network groups were significantly associated with mortality. Received functional support and perceived positive support mediated the association between custodial grandparents and mortality. This study suggests that community-based support may be beneficial to older grandparents and perceived positive relationship quality could matter for older adults' well-being.


The invention relates to a weight synchronous loading and unloading device. The device comprises a motor (35) and a plurality of lifters (31), wherein the motor (35) forms transmission chains with the plurality of lifters (31) by transmission bars (34) and drives the plurality of lifters (31) to move synchronously. The device synchronously drives the plurality of lifters (31) which are used for loading the weight with one motor (35), and therefore the asynchronous phenomenon which is generated when each of the lifters is driven by the respective motor is avoided. As a result, a plurality of support parts of the weight are lowered synchronously, the phenomenon that the weight is deviated and swung is avoided, and calibration precision is improved.


In this article, the design of a low-cost educational liquid-level sensor circuit is described. The sensor is of capacitive type and is in the form of a parallel plate capacitor made up of two aluminium foil papers stuck on opposite sides of the container whose liquid level is to be measured. The sensor works on the principle that its capacitance changes with the level of liquid in the container as a result of the change in permittivity between the plates. Thus, by calculating the capacitor value, one can calculate the level of the liquid in the vessel. In this article, the capacitor value is calculated using a microcontroller-based circuit where an RC circuit is formed and the rise-time of the voltage across the capacitor is measured and is then related to the level of the liquid. The results are found to have good linearity and repeatability, and it is shown that the liquid level can be measured accurately and with low cost using some readily available basic components.


Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was specifically labelled with a 3'-oxidised tRNAPhe. Stoichiometric inactivation was achieved with the incorporation of 2 mol oxidised tRNA Phe/mol enzyme which corresponds exactly to the stoichiometry of tRNA binding. The labelled peptide has been isolated using a quick chromatographic procedure which can be applied to any covalent complex formed between a tRNA and an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. The isolated peptide (18 amino acids) was found to encompass the unique cysteine sequence of the smaller beta subunit of the enzyme.


[196520-85-1] C6H10F3NO2S (MW 217.21)

InChI = 1S/C6H10F3NO2S/c1-4(2)5-3-10(5)13(11,12)6(7,8)9/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3/t5-,10?/m1/s1

InChIKey = UKCBHEBTYNCWDW-UYBGKAFVSA-N

(reagent used as a chiral sulfonamide precursor in a wide array of reactions)

Physical Data: bp 186 °C; d 1.41 g cm−3.

Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents.

Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; not commercially available. It is freshly prepared by treatment of (S)-valinol with triflic anhydride and triethylamine1 at −78 °C.

Purification: it is quite unstable and is therefore used directly without further purification.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store under a nitrogen atmosphere and refrigerate. Decomposes on prolonged exposure to air.