1 Cancer is a major health issue and leading cause of deaths globally. It can be defined as a complex genetic disease involving uncontrolled cell proliferation with potential to metastasize to other body parts leading to secondary tumor growth. Metastasis is the major cause of deaths among cancer patients. According to WHO report the cancer associated death will rise over 11 million by 2030, if remains uncured. Therefore, it is alarming to explore the cancer progression mechanisms and development of new anti-cancer drugs. In the past decade, the use of Drosophila cancer models has become more popular among the researchers to understand human cancer development and large scale anti-cancer drugs screening. The conserved signaling pathways, lower genetic redundancy, short-life cycle and ease of maintenance make the Drosophila an excellent model organism. The present thesis is devoted to understand the cancer progression mechanisms and screening of novel Isatin-derivatives in scribble (scrib) knockdown induced cancer in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Scrib is a tumor suppressor gene and cell-polarity regulator and its loss of function is associated with many forms of human cancers including breast cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, etc. Drosophila scrib (Dmscrib) gene encodes a protein of relative molecular mass of 195K, consists of 16 LRR (Leucine-Rich Repeats) and 4 PDZ (PSD-95, ZO-1 and Disc large) domains. DmScrib shows overall 37% homology with human Scrib. The LRR and PDZ domains, both are important for Scrib protein localization, proteinprotein interactions and regulation of cell proliferation. Also, Scrib has been recognised to interact with major signalling pathways like JNK, Hippo, Wnt and Notch involved in human cancer progression. Hence, to further explore the Scrib loss of function induced cancer progression mechanisms following objective were undertaken: 1. To induce epithelial tissue specific tumor by knocking-down scribble (tumor suppressor gene) and identification of signaling mechanisms leading to cancer progression in the fly. 2. To investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in scribble loss of function (RNAi) driven tumor in epithelial wing imaginal tissue. 3. To screen the anti-tumor activity of Isatin-derivatives on scribble knockdown induced tumor.


We can use a variety of encryption standards to encrypt data traffic to ensure the safety of wireless networks. The question is to what extent the security of the network affects network performance. For answering this question, experiments were performed without data encryption, and the use of various encryption standards. IEEE 802.11g and 802.11n wireless networking standards were used in the experiment. The answer of the question is that encryption should be used because it does not cause significantly slower speed.


Nadine Iddings discusses her education, and her involvement with AAUW, where she served as state treasurer, vice president and president. She describes her family, specifically her mother and sister, Florence Ryan. She discusses her experience working in education, at a Catholic Boy's high school and at the Country Day School. Florence discusses several of her political views on controversial issues such as abortion and birth control, civil rights, public welfare, and child guidance. She lists several political demonstrations in which she has been involved through the years.


Polymers which are soluble in common organic solvents and are electrically conductive, but which also may be synthesized in such a manner that they become nonconductive. Negative ions from the electrolyte used in the electrochemical synthesis of a polymer are incorporated into the polymer during the synthesis and serve as a dopant. A further electrochemical step may be utilized to cause the polymer to be conductive. The monomer repeat unit is comprised of two rings, a pyrrole molecule joined to a thienyl group, or a furyl group, or a phenyl group. The individual groups of the polymers are arranged in an alternating manner. For example, the backbone arrangement of poly(furylpyrrole) is -furan-pyrrole-furan-pyrrole- furan-pyrrole. An alkyl group or phenyl group may be substituted for either or both of the hydrogen atoms of the pyrrole ring.


L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) is an intermediate in the production of L-ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are pharmaceutical compounds used as decongestants and anti-asthmatics. L-PAC can be produced by chemical synthesis from cyanohydrins but the biotransformation route for its production from benzaldehyde is preferred industrially. This work aims to select the best culture medium and process conditions to produce L-PAC in shake flasks and 1 L bioreactor. Statistical experimental designs were applied for the optimization of medium constituents for L-PAC production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The production medium (PM) contained initially (grams per liter) glucose 25, peptone 20, yeast extract 10; MgSO4.7H2O 1; CaCl2.2H2O 0.05, Na2HPO4.12H2O 35, citric acid 10.7 and Benzaldehyde 1. Using Plackett–Burman design (PB-12), peptone, citric acid and Na2HPO4.12H2O were identified as significant variables which highly influenced L-PAC production. The optimum medium (OM) was constituted by glucose 40, peptone 5, yeast extract 10; MgSO4.7H2O 5; CaCl2.2H2O 0.01, Na2HPO4.12H2O 35, citric acid 2 and Benzaldehyde 4. In this optimum condition L-PAC production was 4.92 g/L. Using this medium constitution, in bioreactor it was possible to obtain 7.5 g/L of L-PAC. This result was 44% superior than with the medium without optimization.


Objective To explore the effects of valproate,a histone deacetylase inhibitor on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis,Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (18 rats in each group):control group (CG),bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model group (MG) and sodium valproate-treated group (VG),each group also divided into three batches:day 7,14 and 28.The rats in CG received a single intratracheal dose of 0.3 ml sterile physiological saline at day 0.The rats in MG and VG were induced by a single intratraeheal dose injection of bleomycin-A5 (5 mg/kg)with sterile physiological saline soultion.The rats in MG were intraperitoneally injected with sterile physiological saline (0.5 ml/d)and the rats in VG were intraperitoneally treated with sodium valproate (200 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ).After treament 18 rats in each group were randomly killed on day 7,14 and 28.Their lungs were harvested for measurement of the pathological change in lung tissues.The sections of lungs were stained with HE for histopathology study to evaluate the severity of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis.Masson's trichrome was used to determine the content of hydroxyproline in lung samples.Collagen was assessed by the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissues.The expression of TGF-β1 in lung tissues was observed by histoimmunochemical staining and these indexes were analyzed through SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results It was founded that the hydroxyproline contents and Szapiel scores,the expression of TGF-β1 from the rats with bleomycininduced pulmonary fibrosis were greatly increased ( P <0.01 ).However,the hydroxyproline contents and Szapiel scores,the expression of TGF-β1 were greatly reduced in the mice treated by valproate and sacrificed on the day 14,28 compared with those induced with bleomycin alone.Conclusions This study indicates that administration of valproate to the mice suffered from pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin attenuates the fibrosis via inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 and reducing the Masson's trichrome in the lung.

Key words:
Histone deacetylase inhibitor;  Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis;  Transforming growth hctor-β1


Adopting vacsorb jigs to clamp sheet components in the procession is an effective way to guarantee the uniform thickness of the components,and the key is the design and manufacture of the vacsorb system as well as of the jig.The composition and requirements of the vacsorb jig system are discussed,and the sample piece is also produced by using such a jig to clamp.The test result indicates that an aluminum sheet with a process thickness of 0.8mm and an area of 4×104mm2 can get the thickness and precision less than ±0.02mm,and simultaneously such a clamping method has more than 60% efficiency than the traditional one.


Abstract The paper describes the results of an exploratory study of farmers' reasons for changing or not changing to more sustainable production methods in arable farming in the Netherlands. The background of the research is the disappointing adoption of Integrated Arable Farming Systems (iafs). Perceived production risk was expected to be an important factor constraining adoption. This study suggests, however, that perceived risk is not a satisfactory explanation. One reason is that iafs as it has become in Dutch practice cannot be easily distinguished from conventional arable farming systems. A continuum of gradual adoption of iafs methods, mainly for economic reasons, was observed. A real watershed difference was observed between partial adopters of iafs and organic farmers who used no chemicals at all. Secondly, dealing with production risks, such as weather‐dependent problems with weeds, pests and diseases, is considered part of professionalism of both conventional and iafs farmers and hence not a reason for avoiding a specific crop husbandry technique. However, uncertainties emanating from market conditions and environmental policy were found to be important considerations. JAgr Educ Ext (2001, 7, 3, pp 153–166)


Abstract: In cricket, particularly the twenty20 format is most watched and loved by the people, where no one can guess who will win the match until the last ball of the last over. In India, The Indian Premier League (IPL) started in 2008 and now it is the most popular T20 league in the world. So we decided to develop a machine learning model for predicting the outcome of its matches. Winning in a Cricket Match depends on many key factors like a home ground advantage, past performances on that ground, records at the same venue, the overall experience of the players, record with a particular opposition, and the overall current form of the team and also the individual player. This paper briefs about the key factors that affect the result of the cricket match and the regression model that best fits this data and gives the best predictions. Cricket, the mainstream and widely played sport across India which has the most noteworthy fan base. Indian Premier League follows 20-20 format which is very unpredictable. IPL match predictor is a ML based prediction approach where the data sets and previous stats are trained in all dimensions covering all important factors such as: Toss, Home Ground, Captains, Favorite Players, Opposition Battle, Previous Stats etc, with each factor having different strength with the help of KNIME Tool and with the added intelligence of Naive Bayes network and Eulers strength calculation formula.


Computer aided design (CAD) and optimization of on-chip spiral inductors is of immense interest to RFIC designers. Traditional optimization methods rely on approximate/fast "coarse models" of spiral inductors, e.g. equivalent circuits, empirical equations, etc. Naturally, the accuracy/validity of optimized results from such methods depends highly on the quality of the coarse models used. Further, the inability of such models to account for full-wave electromagnetic (EM) effects, limits their application to low-frequency circuit designs and/or necessitates additional efforts to formulate an acceptable optimization objective. The pressing need for first-pass success of CAD tools in terms of inductor design mandates consideration of full-wave EM effects within the CAD framework. Space-mapping optimization combines the speed of circuit models and the accuracy of EM simulations. In this paper, we propose a new space-mapping optimization algorithm, which exploits the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique for coarse model optimization. Starting with the user-specifications of the spiral inductor, the proposed algorithm yields an acceptable spiral inductor design/layout for RFIC design. The algorithm is illustrated via an on-chip spiral inductor optimization example.


This paper deals with the implementation of sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for a four-leg voltage supply converter (VSC) based distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for power quality improvement in a three phase four-wire power distribution network. The main advantages of using the SMC in a DSTATCOM is the DC link voltage profile during the transient conditions is improved to less than 2% that of nominal DC link voltage and its second advantage is that the reference currents are estimated without sensing the load currents, which reduces current sensors. The DSTATCOM is modeled using Simulink and SimPowerSystem (SPS) toolboxes of MATLAB. The SMC algorithm is successfully tested and implemented on the laboratory developed prototype and it is satisfactorily verified for mitigation of power quality problems such as harmonics elimination, reactive power compensation, neutral current compensation and load balancing under nonlinear/linear loads.


Purpose To evaluate the value of radionuclide plane imaging(with or without SPECT/CT) in the diagnosis of the suspected ectopic thyroid glands(ETG) in head and neck.Materials and Methods In order to identify the suspected ETG in head and neck,34 suspected ETG patients were performed underwent with radionuclide imaging with.99mTcO4-was used as imaging agent,4 cases of them had also performed underwent 131I scan.19 uncertain cases were given SPECT /CT imaging,with 99mTcO4-.Results 10 cases of ETG were diagnosed correctly.4 cases were misdiagnosed or can't be confirmed.20 cases with other diseases ETG were excluded correctly in 20 cases with other diseases.The total accuracy rate was 88.24%.Conclusion Radionuclide plane imaging with or without(SPECT/CT) has a high value in identifying the functional ETG in head and neck.But in the case of the ETG with no or low function,other methods were needed.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with senior investigating officer (SIO) perspectives of their understanding of gang-related homicide and associated investigative challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
A phenomenological design was utilised in this study. In sum, 15 SIOs from the Metropolitan Police Service were interviewed using a semi-structured interview and analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings
It was found that the original typology of "gang homicide" might be too narrow and focus should be paid to "gang-related homicide", characterised via motive behind the offence. This type of homicide exhibited specific characteristics (e.g. violent nature, large potential scene and pool of suspects) and investigative challenges which made it different from other types of homicide (e.g. complexity, need for more resources, managing unwilling witnesses, managing media interest, specific evidence challenges, need for thorough risk assessments). The need for expertise in the deployment of officers was highlighted and related to the desire for more continuing professional development (CPD).

Practical implications
Gang-related homicide is especially challenging, but due to its volume, SIOs in London developed a sort of "muscle memory" – something that other police services do not have, even though the "gang problem" is spreading outside of metropolitan areas. Support for changes (e.g. in the utility of community impact assessment) and non-standard procedures (e.g. consideration of covert operations early on) should be discussed in further training and manual development. More attention needs to be paid to the synthesis of experience, expertise and science, SIOs being especially interested in debriefs and CPD opportunities. Multi-agency training is key for homicide investigators, relating to the complex nature of gang-related homicide and relevant safeguarding issues. Resourcing is a clear issue relating to the increase in gang-related homicide, as well as its investigation.

Originality/value
This is the first research into investigative challenges of gang-related homicide in England and Wales, and the findings can be utilised by all police services who may be dealing with gangs in their area. The findings can also support calls for change and development within services.


Here we develop an automated system to detect and assess the infection in vegetable using image. The specific objectives were to detect the disease and to evaluate the disease using image. With this technique diseased/infested and healthy vegetable images were collected like tomato brinjal. The aim of this paper to study the diseases in vegetable crops through Radon transforms technique by using diseased images. The specific objectives were used to detect and evaluate the diseases based on the images. In this study we have identified disease intensity, damaged percentage of the plant parts in Lycopersiconesculentum(tomato), Solanum tuberosum L. (Potato).Which are effected by a fungal disease "early blight" .The causative agent is Alternariaalternata. The symptoms were characterized by yellowing of leaves, stems and fruits at maturity they become brown and eventually drop from the plant.. This paper gives the essence data about asphalt defected location, assessment, order, pressure handle. Since the defected area have particular straight elements in the space area. It accepts the way that the pixels in defected area are brighter than their surroundings. The captured image is wavelet transformed asses the infected area.So detection of diseases is achieved by the two dimensional wavelet transform. Then the radon transform evaluate the defected area in the vegetable. Hence evaluation is achieved by the radon transform.


Introduction: The African immigrant population grew 40-fold between 1960 and 2007, from 35,355 to 1.4 million with one third coming from West Africa, primarily Ghana and Nigeria. African immigrants have been understudied and, traditionally, lumped into the racial category of Black/African-American. We have examined the prevalence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, current smoking and physical inactivity), assessed global CVD risk and identified independent predictors of increased CVD risk by sex in West African immigrants (WAI). Methods: Cross-sectional study of WAI (Ghanaians and Nigerians) aged 35-74 years recruited from churches in the Baltimore/ Washington, DC metropolitan area. CVD risk factors were determined per AHA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were performed on participant's Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) scores and CVD risk factors with comparison by sex. Participants with PCE scores ≥7.5% and ≥3 CVD risk factors were deemed high risk. A multivar...


Background: Hypertension is one of the biggest health challenges, which is continuously increasing among young adults, especially students. The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge of hypertension among undergraduate students of a medical college of a rural area in central Uttar Pradesh, India. Methodology:  A cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the medical college of central Uttar Pradesh, India. Data were collected on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, and anthropometric assessments were carried out using standard equipment and procedures. Results: The present research involved 147 undergraduate medical students with a mean age of 21.9±2.2 years. Knowledge about hypertension was poor, average and good among19.7% (n=29), 76.8% (n=113) and 3.4% (n=5) students, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure (mean SBP) was 127.07 ± 10.109 mm of Hg with a range 110 to 154mm of Hg, and mean diastolic blood pressure (mean DBP) was 80.5 ± 6.587 mm Hg with a range 68 to 94 mm of Hg. Conclusions: Smoking, alcoholism, non-vegetarian diet, body weight over 60 kgs and waist-hip ratio over 0.9 were recognized as risk factors of hypertension. Hence it needs a powerful surveillance program to find the exact problem.


The subject is to use the standard plate to count the number of bacteria in milk and pH meter to determinate the pH of the fresh milk and the method of titration acidity to determinate the acidity of milk,by setting different storage temperature: room temperature and not shading,4 degree Celsius,-18 degree Celsius to storage milk.Measuring the number of bacteria,acidity,pH values in fresh milk at intervals of some time under different storage conditions,is useful to obtain the mutative discipline of the variation of the number of bacteria,acidity,pH value in milk during storage,and to identify the best storage time under different storage temperature and best storage temperature.The results show that: fresh milk can be stored 2 days at room temperature which can be preserved 8 days under 4 degree Celsius and 12 days under-18 degree Celsius,The condition under-18 ℃ is more appropriate for the storage of milk.


Gabapentin, C 9 H 17 NO 2 , 2-[1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid, is a drug used as an anticonvulsant to help control partial seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and to manage postherpetic neuralgia after 'shingles'. Cocrystals of gabapentin with a series of hydroxyl carboxylic acids was reported in 2007 and a cocrystal of gabapentin with oxalic acid in 2008. The adduct with salicylic acid was prepared again, along with adducts of two dicarboxylic acids, succinic acid and adipic acid, and an adduct with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid. Formation of new materials is demonstrated by new unique physical properties, including lower melting points (102.8-105.1°C, 90.0-93.0°C, and 152.4-154.8°C for succinic acid, adipic acid, and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid products, respectively) than those of the individual starting materials. Shifts in infrared bands for ν(O–H), ν(N–H), and ν(C=O) bands confirm adduct formation and indicate the nature of the interactions between the two components in the lattice.


The paper clarifies tourism influence on the regional development of Macedonia in terms of basic economic parameters and tourism indicators. It gives an overview of tourism importance as a source of the economic development in the East region of Macedonia. A comparative analysis is given of the East region with other statistical regions from economic perspective. In this line, different types of statistical tests (Levene, Bonferroni and Tamhane tests) are applied. They are based on the available sources of secondary data addressing GDP and tourism flows (arrivals and overnight stays). The aim of the paper is to determine the influence of the East region by calculating the presence of significant differences between its average values of the variables compared to other regions. Finally, the paper gives recommendations for further development of the region in tourism manner, mainly by boosting the event tourism development.


Data mining is defined as the process in which useful information is extracted from the raw data. In order to acquire essential knowledge it is essential to extract large amount of data.. In this existing work, the technique of SVM is applied for the prediction of dengue. The SVM classifier has less accuracy and high execution time for the prediction. To improve the accuracy of prediction the voting based classification approach will be applied for the dengue prediction. The proposed method will be implemented in python and results will be analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and execution time.


In this study, the primary long vowels in Turkish vocabularies investigate exposed phonological changes and phonological cases by comparing historical periods of Turkish language in terms of Oğuz groups of Turkish dialects and it will emphasize phonological appearances in Oğuz groups of Turkish dialects of this vowels.


This guide will help you find book reviews and will offer tips for writing reviews. This guide will help you find book reviews and offer tips on writing reviews.


The demand for high-speed signal transmission circuits triggers the use of polymer substrates having the superiorly mechanical and electrical reliability properties. Foremost among them, rigid-flex polymer substrates are being used in the printed circuit board (PCB) of electronic packaging technologies by utilizing their property compatible with device miniaturization and packaging integration. Modifying the polymer interfacial property further before subsequent processing, plasma treatment is employed to adjust the physical and chemical changes of the surface and subsurface. One special issue of plasma-induced change is the surface roughness (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) depending on every detail of process cycle conditions. Thus, it is difficult to be precisely controlled so as to deliver the desirable outcome. This study employs Taguchi experimental method to find the parameter critical to plasma etching particularly on rigid flex substrate. In contrast to the traditional use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the surface roughness morphology and thus deduce the optimal process conditions. It adopts a set of standard orthogonal arrays to determine parameters configuration and analysis results. These kinds of arrays use a small number of experimental runs but obtain maximum information and have high reproducibility and reliability. Taguchi method provides the experimenter with a systematic and efficient approach for conducting experiments to determine near optimum parameter settings for performance and cost.


We demonstrate that the experimental luminescence line shapes of amorphous hydrogenated carbon and amorphous hydrogenated silicon are in reasonable agreement with a simplified theoretical model of Dunstan and Boulitrop with no adjustable parameters. Further, the low-energy luminescence intensity is proportional to the joint density of states.


aggressively counter the misinformation through effective information campaign and readied itself for the future waves. High prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and misinformation among the most marginalized and vulnerable groups is of concern. Public messaging should be tailored and target these vulnerable groups.


We undertook a multi-disciplinary project aimed at synthesizing data, knowledge, and quantitative models on ecosystem and social resilience to the changing climate and dynamic socioeconomic pressures placed on the fragile ecosystems of the Mongolian Plateau. Our models of natural system (NS) and human system (HS) processes and dynamics, as well as the interactions and feedbacks among them, make use of multiple data sources across the Plateau. Inner Mongolia, in China, and Mongolia have had similar variations in climate, ecosystem, culture, and traditions, but different institutions, land-use intensities, levels of economic development, and demographic changes in the recent past. Among the major lessons are: 1) the spatiotemporal variation of physical and anthropogenic changes, as well as their effects on the ecosystems and societies, appeared much higher than previously expected; 2) though spatially variable, overall grassland biomass has been increasing in the past 15 years as a results of climatic and management changes; 3) human influences on the Mongolian CNH system, especially those related to the major policy shifts, have been stronger than those of the biophysical changes, but that the significance varies over time and among biomes, as well as between Inner Mongolia and Mongolia; 4) grazing, mining, and land uses are strongly affected by and feedback to processes of urbanization, globalization, and economic development; 5) despite some differences in the overall system dynamics in the two countries, the availability of grassland resources in the future will be tied to regional trends in urbanization and national economic development priorities; and 6) extensive forest plantations across semi-arid and arid landscapes need to be critically evaluated with a sound scientific base. The most critical challenge facing the Plateau is similar to that of the broader Northern Eurasian region: societal well-being and health are inextricably linked to environmental variability, and mitigation and adaptive capacity are strongly affected by policy decisions within heterogeneous national and sub-national entities.


Memory cells have been fabricated and tested to demonstrate storage in the pinned layer of a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valve film. The spin valve was top pinned with a FeMn film and gave about 4% GMR ratio. The memory cell consisted of an oblong, 0.6 μm×7.0 μm GMR bit with first metal contacts at each end and a perpendicular first and second metal word line passing over the bit. Joule heating due to current pulses through both the memory cell and the word line raised the temperature of the FeMn pinning layer above its Neel point. The magnetic field generated by the word line current switched the pinning direction, depending on the polarity of the word line current. Sense line currents up to 5 mA provided a half select without disturbing the bit. In combination with a 5 mA sense current, the bit was written with a word current pulse of 190 mA. The improved thermal stability of the pinned storage layer memory cell is shown to become necessary as the size of a magnetoresistive memory cell drops belo...


Because of the long range of the gauge interactions, the collective behavior of quarks and gluons plays a decisive role in the transport processes. Collective effects, like Debye screening and Landau damping, remove the unphysical infrared divergences of the transport cross‐sections and provide finite relaxation rates. I review here a theory of the plasma collective excitations that has been recently developed. It is based on kinetic equations derived from the general QCD Dyson‐Schwinger equations, in the weak coupling limit. I present new, truly non‐abelian, collective excitations, which correspond to nonlinear color oscillations of the QCD plasma.


Human capital investment may be affected by programs aimed at giving legal ownership titles to the occupants of land; these are called "land titling programs". Titling is associated with an income (or wealth) effect as it induces higher expenditure on normal goods like home consumption, education and health services. But there is also a substitution effect: the elimination or reduction of expropriation risk makes investment in the home more attractive and therefore increases the "opportunity cost" of other forms of spending. The net effect on human capital is ambiguous. We present a simple model to illustrate this point and test it using a natural experiment in Uruguay were human capital investment is proxied by education and health investment. Our results confirm that titling favors home investment to the detriment of some dimensions of human capital investment for children of 16 and under.


Marketing for the entity is the link with customers, and development prospects are focused on sustainability. The activity of responsibility of the entity is based on the social, ecological element, the needs of the consumers, the quality management systems. The evolution of the entity depends on the consumer's behavior, which is why their permanent monitoring is one of the objectives of marketing research, market research and consumer preferences. This paper addresses the topic of sustainability in terms of researching consumer behavior by addressing the topic of consumer loyalty. The article is a theoretical and practical study on researching the strategic planning method defined by the customer loyalty study.


Soil stabilization with binder now is a common method for treating weak soil. In this study, soft soil was mixed with geopolymer based fly ash binder to improve strength and to be environmentally friendly. Clay soil was mixed with sand to change the clay content by 24.8%, 20.4%, 14.3%, 10.2%, 6.1% and combined with fly ash geopolymer binders at the rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Geopolymer based fly ash binder include activated alkaline solution (AAS) Na2SiO3/NaOH = 2, AAS/fly ash = 0.5. Compressive strength of soil specimens stabilized by geopolymer depends on several factors such as clay content, and geopolymer binders. The results show that clay and geopolymer binder content play an important role in the development and formation of strength of geopolymer-soil.


We propose a general mechanism of multiple-Q ordering with noncollinear and noncoplanar spin textures in itinerant magnets. By analyzing the fourth-order perturbation with respect to the spin-charge coupling, we find that the instability toward multiple-Q ordering is caused by (d-2)-dimensional connections of the Fermi surfaces in the extended Brillouin zone by the multiple-Q wave vectors: zero(one)-dimensional point (line) connections in the two(three)-dimensional systems. The instabilities are obtained as the "fixed points" in the two-parameter flow diagram, irrespective of lattice structures. The hidden Fermi surface instability provides a universal origin of noncollinear and noncoplanar instabilities common to frustrated and unfrustrated lattice systems.


Prevention of cardiovascular disease today is as different from Geoffrey Rose's day as day is to night. In his time, net benefit from medical therapy was uncertain because there were no therapies that had been proved to be safe, effective, and affordable. However, the evidence that therapies that lower blood pressure and cholesterol prevent cardiovascular events is now incontrovertible with the result that guidelines recommend medical treatment of a large segment of the population to prevent cardiovascular disease. Population prevention medicine is not something that may occur tomorrow. Population prevention medicine is being practiced today.

Yet, much remains to be done. The medical treatments of hypertension and hyperlipidemia both take place within a medical model that was not designed to deal with the numbers that could benefit from preventive medical therapy, and we need to refine our present system of care to take the realities of population medicine into account.


In the article tourism is presented as a social phenomenon and one of the most sustainable components of the world economy. The structure and features of the world market of tourist services, the concept of tourist service as an object of purchase and sale on the world market are considered. It is grounded economic importance of tourism development and its impact o f the economy of exporting countries and importers with the help of a multiplier effect is determined.
The article outlines the main characteristics of the contemporary world tourism market: high rates of development, significant contribution to GDP, foreign trade turnover, and ensuring employment of the population. The authors note the presence of significant external dominants of tourism development for different countries of the world, with both positive and negative ones. These effects must be taken into account in determining the strategic directions of tourism development, including in the creation of tourist clusters. At present, there is no doubt that under the prevailing conditions, the country's economy is extremely in need of powerful "growth locomotives". According to the authors of this study, the tourism market can become one of them, stimulating the development of adjacent markets, with both commodity and market services.


Skin cancer incidence is increasing at alarming rates and is considered by some as an epidemic. Its incidence is higher than all other cancers combined. The developments of new treatments have not parallelled the increased incidences of this disease. A variety of treatments are available with differing outcomes. More recently a novel topical treatment, consisting of the antineoplastic compounds solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides, solamargine and solasonine, which are derived from plant material, has been described that claims to have many advantages over the currently used skin cancer therapies. This review investigates such claims.


Conventional three-phase rectifiers,cause input current with plenty of harmonics pollution,to bring for hazard AC electric network and the other electronics equipments.Multi-pulse rectifier can reduce the total harmonics distortion(THD) of the input current.In addition,the rectifier possesses high reliability,low EMI,which is suitable for wide frequency.The harmonics of the input current,the effect and the principle of interphase reactor in rectifying circuit are analyzed in detail.The simulation model of 24-pulse transformation rectifier with interphase reactor is built using Saber.The simulation results show that the model can reduce the harmonics distortion of the input current.The short-circuit and open circuit faults are also analyzed.


ITU T.81 JPEG baseline compression is perhaps the most widely used image compression standard today. This standard, which is used extensively in Internet and image processing applications by a variety of OS platforms, has also found broad use in camera-equipped cellular phones. A limitation of the baseline standard is that, for a given set of quantization and Huffman encoding tables, the compressed size of an arbitrary image cannot be guaranteed. This can lead to problems in wireless applications where typical constraints include CPU capability, memory size and available data transfer bandwidth. Presented in this paper is a solution for overcoming these limitations 99% of the time for atypical-use cases, which takes advantage of frame-to frame similarity in a stream from a camera, and full-scale vs. subsampled image correlation for a given image.


The article by Fabbrini et al. (1) addressed the potential impact of obesity-mediated enhancement of plasma uric acid (UA) levels on oxidative stress and resultant effects on impaired glucose tolerance/insulin resistance. By lowering UA levels in obese patients with elevated UA via administration of uricase (rasburicase), the authors demonstrate substantive diminution of circulating small molecule antioxidants as well as enhanced abundance of secondary indicators of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane and protein carbonylation). They conclude that …


We study the effect of higher order polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) and show that using a bandwidth reduced modulation format-such as duobinary coding-is an effective way to decrease signal distortions caused by (residual) higher order PMD. Our experimental results link the actual higher order PMD to the observed system penalty and therefore a quantitative evaluation is possible.


The present study was designed to evaluate the poly herbal supplementation (Restobal®, M/s Ayurvet Limited) against the management of parturition stress in periparturient buffaloes. Twenty apparently healthy buffaloes at advanced pregnancy were selected and divided into two equal groups. Group I buffaloes (control) were not administered any supplementation and buffaloes under group II (treatment) was administered with oral poly herbal supplementation anti stressors product (Restobal) for the period of five days before and after the parturition. Buffaloes under group II showed the significant changes in clinical parameters and increased levels of packed cell volume, elevation of total leukocyte and lymphocyte count and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and reduced serum cortisol levels when compared with the buffaloes in group I (control). The present study concluded that polyherbal anti stressor product which contains Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus emblica, Mangifera indica and Withania somnifera (Restobal®, M/s Ayurvet Limited) is recommended in the management of parturition stress during the periparturient buffaloes.


1Corresponding author : Email : email@example.com Prostatitis represents the inflammatory process of the prostate gland. It is the most common urologic disorder occurring in older intact male dogs (Krawiec, 1994). Prostatitis may be acute or chronic in nature and is generally associated with prostatic infection (Kraft et al., 2008) either by ascending (from the urinary tract) or descending way (on hematogenous route). Till today, treatment of prostatitis is challenging due to poor penetrability of the antimicrobials into the prostate gland and recurrent nature of the disease (Albarellos et al., 2006). This paper describes about the successful medical management of acute bacterial Prostatitis in two dogs.


Renal angiomyolipoma are uncommon benign tumors that occur in up to 80% of patients with tuberous sclerosis. Uncommonly, they may become extremely large. We report a case of an enormous bilateral renal angiomyolipoma. The patient is a 30-year-old woman with history of seizures since the age of two years and developmental delay, her parents are cousins, one brother died at 24 years. She had a cyclic flank pain. Clinical examination revealed palpable abdominal masses with a contact lumbar, she has a facial angiofibromas and her neurological examination was unremarkable. Urinalysis, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were normal. Computed tomography (CT) showed a voluminous retroperitoneal mass distorted the renal parenchyma and extended into the pelvis. This mass was composed mainly of fat density and measured 30 cm in length (fig). While neprectomy should be avoided when possible in patients with bilateral tumors, it may be necessary, especially to control hemorrhage. We had choose in alternative management an elective arterial embolisation, in fact selective arterial embolisation is an effective way to treat acute hemorrhage but its ability to prevent tumor growth is not established. Our patient was sent to a center of interventional radiology.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of a simple irradiation scheme with that of a double-fractionated irradiation scheme on the healing of rat skin lesions using in vivo monitoring of tissue diffuse reflectance.

BACKGROUND DATA
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is used in medicine for treating a wide range of pathological conditions. The practical benefits of laser treatment of acute and chronic conditions were obtained, using a single session of irradiation per day.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups (controls, simple laser irradiation scheme, and double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme). A skin lesion was created on the calf of the right hind leg of all rats. The laser irradiation parameters were lambda = 635 nm and power = 15 mW. The exposure time was 600 s for the simple laser irradiation scheme and 300 s x 2 for the double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme on 3 consecutive days. The optical properties of tissue were studied by processing and analyzing the diffuse reflectance spectra of injured skin, acquired before and after each laser irradiation.

RESULTS
The results demonstrate that, using a simple laser irradiation scheme (single daily irradiation session: t exp 1 =600 s, power = 15 mW, lambda = 635 nm), healing of the skin lesion began after 3 consecutive treatment days. The application of the double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme (2 daily irradiation sessions: t exp 2 = t exp 1/2 = 300 s, power = 15 mW and lambda = 635 nm) led to a reduction in treatment time to 2 days.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, a double-fractionated irradiation scheme is more efficient than simple irradiation scheme for LLLT in rat skin lesions.


The first World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP), with a focus on nowcasting, was conducted in Sydney, Australia, from 4 September to 21 November 2000 during a period associated with the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Through international collaboration, nine nowcasting systems from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia were deployed at the Sydney Office of the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) to demonstrate the capability of modern forecast systems and to quantify the associated benefits in the delivery of a real-time nowcast service. On-going verification and impact studies supported by international committees assisted by the WWRP formed an integral part of this project. A description is given of the project, including component systems, the weather, and initial outcomes. Initial results show that the nowcasting systems tested were transferable and able to provide valuable information enhancing BOM nowcasts. The project provided for unprecedented intercha...


The invention relates to a fertilizer black inner additive, a preparation method and application. The fertilizer black inner additive is composed of water, a dispersant and a pigment carbon black, and is prepared according to the following steps: adding weighed water into a reaction kettle and heating to 30-40 DEG C through vapor, weighing 0.1-0.2% of Tween-80, 0.2-0.3% of AEO9, 0.5-1.0% of sodium polyacrylate and 10-15% of the pigment carbon black according to the mass percentage, successively adding into the reaction kettle, and fully stirring for uniform mixing; grinding the uniformly-mixed solution by employing a grinding machine, controlling the rotation speed to be 1000 r/s and the grinding time to be 4-6 h, so as to fully disperse the solution and obtain the fertilizer black inner additive. The usage amount of the fertilizer black inner additive in per ton of a fertilizer is 0.2 Kg-1.0 Kg, and the fertilizer black inner additive performs black dyeing on the fertilizer, so that a corresponding black or ash-black fertilizer is obtained. The fertilizer black inner additive has the advantages of strong covering capability, stable properties, low cost, low usage amount, no public hazard and the like.


Electric vehicles (EVs) are transforming the modern transportation and energy systems. However, due to increasing battery and charger capacities with long charging times, adverse effects on distribution grid are expected with mass penetration of EVs. In this paper, we investigate and evaluate the voltage impact of EV integration into a 37-bus IEEE distribution grid model to extract the signature of power system congestion information. The statistical distribution of voltage at local nodes are obtained with respect to node distance to substation and different EV integration rates. It is observed that both EV integration and node distance affect the observed voltage means and deviations at the local node significantly. The obtained results show that each local node can infer the congestion in the distribution grid by only observing its own voltage levels. This will open new possibilities for local control mechanisms that will enable fair power sharing among EVs irrespective of their physical location.


An apparatus for precise and absolute measurement of the thermal conductivity of electrically conducting liquids using the transient hot-wire method has been developed. In the present apparatus, a metallic wire coated with a thin electrical insulation layer has been used as a heating element and a resistance thermometer instead of a bare metallic wire. The effects on the thermal conductivity measurement caused by the thin insulation layer have been analysed. In the analysis, it was found that the effects can be negligibly small if the instrument is adequately designed. The usability of the method for electrically conducting liquids has been tested to measure the thermal conductivity of an aqueous NaCl solution in the temperature range 0 to 45 degrees C at atmospheric pressure. The accuracy of the present measurement was estimated to be +or-0.5%.


The research work presented in this paper is related to the design and development of a framework based on the Blockchain technology for the upscaling of modern academic education. The goal is to securely and successfully connect the multiple stakeholders involved in the academic education, including students, universities, research organizations and industries as well. Based on the concept of the distributed ledger, each stakeholder maintains a copy of the Blockchain locally, ensuring valuable information, such as achievements, projects, intellectual property, and patents/inventions. By extension, the proposed framework can act as a reward system for the academic stakeholders, i.e. the universities and the students. On the one hand, students via the creation of a virtual wallet can gather reward points based on their performance, their achievements as well as their participation in Teaching Factories (TF). On the other hand, universities can benefit from this framework as regards their accreditation, in worldwide basis. Concretely, with the participation in TF, award points are provided to these organizations, which act as a proof of the educational quality they provide to the students. Similarly, industries and research foundations, are also rewarded for their participation in such TF. The TF in the proposed framework can be realized as Smart contracts created by the industries and undertaken by the academic or research organizations. Furthermore, with the proposed framework human resources managers are facilitated in selecting competent and adequately qualified professionals. The selection of the professionals is based on their academic portfolio, which is part of the distributed ledger. Therefore under the scope of this research work, a group of young engineers was formed. The students had the opportunity to get familiar with the concept of Blockchain and assisted in the conceptualization and development of a distributed Teaching Factory platform based on the Blockchain Technology.


Collective employer representation in the United Kingdom has changed in fundamental ways in recent decades. Collective bargaining has declined and instead, we have seen the emergence of a significant new form of collective organization, the employer forum, which promotes good corporate behaviour and typically focuses on issues of equality and diversity, social policy and community engagement. This paper examines this new form of collective action through a case study on Business in the Community Wales. It also compares this employer forum with traditional employers' associations in order to establish what is significant and distinctive about employer forums.


А refractory cordierite ceramic prepared from amorphous rice husk silica is modified by the addition of 5 wt. %
to 20 wt. % of periclase followed by a sintering treatment at a temperature of 1230
C. The phases, the structural
changes and the microstructure characteristics of the samples are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning

electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained indicate the significant effect of the periclace addition on
the phase decomposition of cordierite into spinel and forsterite. The addition of periclace is found to increase the
presence of forsterite and decrease that of spinel. The formation of spinel and forsterite is connected with electrical
resistivity and porosity decrease but density increase.
Keywords: cordierite, periclace, silica, rice husk, structure


There is provided a method for the synchronization of a database, the method, comprising establishing a transport layer connection for synchronization between a first device and the second device for synchronizing the database. During the synchronization initialization, the second at least are stored in the first device wherein the devices are defined by a first update identifier and the first device for describing the latest synchronization event performed on said database describing the present synchronization the update identifier transmitted from the first device to the second device. The second update identifier is stored in the first device and the second device. If the synchronization is performed and after the transport layer connection has been ended substantially properly with the contents of the first update identifiers stored in the device is updated in the first device and the second device. Databases, data, and synchronization, communication


To develop a reliable and valid measure of social connectedness among nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) using items available in the Minimum Dataset 3.0 (MDS).


The adoption of principles of equitable distribution has substantially altered the law pertaining to the division of property at dissolution. These principles are based on the assumption that marriage should be treated as any other partnership and upon dissolution the assets should be divided between the partners. In most jurisdictions courts are authorized only to divide the marital property not the spouses' separate property. Because of this limitation, the classification of the property after marriage becomes the crucial issue. The focus of this article is whether the intangible asset of goodwill of a professional practice should be classified as marital property and therefore subject to division. Courts in virtually every jurisdiction have addressed the issue. On one extreme are those that refuse to acknowledge professional goodwill as a marital asset. On the other are those that recognize goodwill even if what is being valued appears to be reputation. In the middle are those cases that recognize goodwill as marital property, but only to the extent that it can be shown to exist independently of professional reputation; which means it must be marketable.


From 1900 to 1930, many middle-class men working in new urban consumer enterprises in the United States believed that they had never grown up, valued the work because it was fun, and attributed their achievements to their eternal boyishness. In doing so, they contributed to the creation of a commercial culture of Peter Pan, which reflected and encouraged new gender identities that validated and demarcated social roles and opportunities for men in a corporate consumer society. The three men examined in this article—the Coney Island showman Fred Thompson, the ethnologist Stewart Culin, and the Broadway comic actor Fred Stone—were involved in either developing, selling, or embodying new commodities of play. Like other such men, they both reflected and helped sanction the transition from a nineteenth-century market culture that condemned play as the negation of productive manhood to a twentieth-century consumer culture that marketed itself as the playground of boys who never grow up.


Photosynthesis has been pivotal in the development of complex life forms on this planet. This process converts light energy into chemical energy that is used to support cellular processes and to provide the basic raw materials from which cell structures are made. In addition, photosynthesis releases oxygen from water as a by-product. The oxygen has accumulated in the atmosphere, transforming the early anoxic conditions on our planet and enabling the evolution of terrestrial life forms. The metabolism of eukaryotes is invariably aerobic. This chapter will concentrate on the photochemical Light Reactions of Photosynthesis 4 Key concepts ● Early cells evolved chlorophyll photosystems capable of capturing light energy to supply the energy needs of the cell. ● Charge separation occurs at a chlorophyll molecule in the light reaction center of the photosystems, with the reduction of an acceptor molecule, leaving the chlorophyll in an oxidized state. ● Light harvesting chlorophyll proteins extend the antenna area for collecting photons and channeling energy to the photosystems. ● Two photosystems evolved: one uses water to supply electrons that reduce the oxidized chlorophyll (with the loss of oxygen), the other uses electrons derived from reduced plastocyanin supplied from the first center to reduce NADP + to NADPH. ● Electron flow between the two centers occurs via a chain of intermediates assisted by a cytochrome protein complex. ● The splitting of water releases protons into the lumen of the photosynthetic lamellae, and more protons are pumped in during the successive reduction and oxidation steps of the intermediates, with the hydrogen atom carrier plastoquinone playing a crucial part. ● The high proton concentration gradient across the lamella membrane is used to drive a molecular turbine, ATP synthase, which generates ATP. ● Mechanisms exist that balance light energy input into the two photosystems and protect the cell from the consequences of the capture of excess light energy.


We remark that our definition of condition (|3) is slightly different from Bishop's, his requiring only that (/n(A.)) be uniformly bounded on compact subsets of V when (A/-T)/n(A)—»0 uniformly in norm on compact subsets of V. In [11], Foia§ showed that every decomposable operator (and therefore spectral operators in the sense of Dunford, compact operators, and unitary, normal, and selfadjoint operators on a Hilbert space) enjoys condition (/3). Indeed, in a sense, any operator that can be said to have a satisfactory spectral decomposition must have condition ((3). More precisely, Erdelyi and Lange [9] defined axiomatically what they considered to be the minimum properties that an operator should possess in order to say it has a "spectral decomposition". Operators with these properties were said to have the spectral decomposition property (SDP). Albrecht [1], and independently Lange [17] and Nagy [19], in a beautiful and surprising result, proved the equivalence between SDP and decomposability. This is of particular interest to us not merely because it justifies our remark that any operator with a reasonable spectral decomposition must have condition ((3), but also because the key to Albrecht's proof lies in establishing that any operator with the SDP enjoys condition (|3). The importance of condition (|3) now begins to emerge; condition (0) is not merely a property that a certain large class of operators happens to possess, but rather is a useful tool which can be applied in proving important theorems. This importance is brought sharply into focus by the following remarkable characterization due to Lange [16].


During the last years, many works focused on the exploitation and the extraction of rare patterns. In fact, these patterns allow conveying knowledge on rare and unexpected events. They are hence useful in several application fields. Nevertheless, a main moan addressed to rare pattern extraction approaches is, on the one hand, their high number and, on the other hand, the low quality of several mined patterns. The latter can indeed not present strong correlations between the items they contain. In order to overcome these limits, we propose to integrate the correlation measure bond aiming at only mining the set of rare patterns fulfilling this measure. A characterization of the resulting set, of rare correlated patterns, is then carried out based on the study of constraints of distinct types induced by the rarity and the correlation. In addition, based on the equivalence classes associated to a closure operator dedicated to the bond measure, we introduce new concise representations of rare correlated patterns as well as the derivation process of the generic bases of the rare correlated association rules. We then design the RcprMiner algorithm allowing an efficient extraction of the proposed concise representations. Carried out experimental studies highlight the very encouraging compactness rates offered by the proposed concise representations and show the good performance of the RcprMiner algorithm.


The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is one of the most studied Neotropical primates regarding reproduction. However, little has been reported on the black‐tufted‐ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), which may produce fertile hybrids with other Callithrix. This is the first study to evaluate sperm freezing from black‐tufted‐ear marmoset.


Flow separation is a major factor in the form drag experienced by a moving object. In particular, suppressing or reducing flow separation is critical in the reduction of energy expenditure of autonomous underwater vehicles. Previous research suggests that bio-inspired micro-fibrillar structures are capable of reducing the boundary layer separation in a turbulent flow. Here, we present laboratory measurements using particle tracking velocimetry near the wall of two submersible vessel models: one coated with an array of micro-fibers and a second one with smooth walls. The flow around the vessels was enticed by the ordered micro-fibers to retain higher velocities near the wall of the vessel. The experiments suggest that separation of the flow may be reduced by the use of the bio-inspired micro-fibers. Keywords—Bio-inspired, Drag reduction, Flow Separation,


ABSTRACT The U.S. Federal Government experienced a shutdown that halted much of its spending and services over 16 days in October 2013. Federal government officials noted a wide variety of impacts that the shutdown had on economic activity, including a reduction in the admission fees collected by the National Park Service and losses of visitor spending in 'gateway communities' located near national parks and monuments. This article examines the effects of the October 2013 federal government shutdown on Acadia National Park's gateway community of Bar Harbor, Maine. Regression results show that the 16-day shutdown is associated with a 76% reduction in Acadia visitation in October 2013 and a 13% reduction in tourism-related sales. This suggests that an estimated 17% of the potential visitors impacted by the Acadia closure cancelled their trips to Bar Harbor. This change in visitor behaviour is a reasonably large response to a short-term event such as the government shutdown.


Certain lectins, namely those which can bind a sialylated TF antigen, especially the mushroon lectin from Agaricus bisporus, are useful in the treatment of skin diseases such as psoriasis and benign keratoses. They may be formulated as, for example, creams, ointments, cosmetic lotions or shampoos.


Abstract : In an effort to assess trends in the general areas of energy effects on materials, a survey was conducted for the period 1960-1990 of the open literature sources with special focus on electromagnetic and other wave phenomena. This survey has not treated nuclear, laser, or photoplastic effects. The statistics and trends in activity have been examined in four main areas: electric fields and currents, ultrasonics, microwaves, and magnetic fields. These energies have been found to affect the structure and mechanical properties of materials, and the changes, some of them substantial, are a main subject of this survey. In addition, beneficial effects, ranging from minor to significant, have been measured during the processing of materials with these energies. It is expected that future understanding and exploitation of these effects will be essential to the widespread development and use of future DoD systems such as electromagnetic guns, toward achieving economics of manufacturing through microwave processing of ceramic armor components and thick-section structural composites, and in other applications.


Three-dimensional numerical study is conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics for the flow impingement cooling in the narrow passage based on cooling technology of turbine blade.The effects of the jet Reynolds number, impingement distance and initial cross-flow on heat transfer characteristic are investigated.Results show that when other parameters remain unchanged local heat transfer coefficient increases with increase of jet Reynolds number;overall heat transfer effect is reduced by initial cross-flow;there is an optimal distance to the best effect of heat transfer.


.......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................. 13 3.0 Experimental Facility ............................................................................................................... 19 4.0 Test 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Test Setup and Specimen .................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Steel Composite Floor Beam Prototype ....................................................................... 25 4.1.2 Fire Scenario Development for Experimentation ......................................................... 28 4.1.3 Observations from Test ................................................................................................ 31 4.2 Computational Modeling .................................................................................................... 34 4.2.1 2D and 3D Beam Models .............................................................................................. 34 4.2.2 Thermal Comparison .................................................................................................... 37 4.2.3 Structural Comparison .................................................................................................. 39 4.2.4 Partially Rigid Boundaries ............................................................................................. 44 4.2.5 Shell Models ................................................................................................................. 45 4.3 Simulation with Realistic End Constraint ............................................................................ 50 4.4 Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................. 58 5.0 Tests 2 and 3 ........................................................................................................................... 61 5.1 Test Setup and Specimen Design ........................................................................................ 61 5.1.1 The specimens .............................................................................................................. 61 5.1.2 Load Selection ............................................................................................................... 65 5.2 Test 3 – Protected Beam ..................................................................................................... 68 5.2.1 Description of the Protected Beam Test ...................................................................... 68 5.2.2 Thermal Analysis for Protected Beam .......................................................................... 76 5.2.3 Structural Analysis for Protected Beam ....................................................................... 80 5.3 Test 2 – Unprotected Beam ................................................................................................ 86 5.3.1 Description of the Unprotected Beam Test ................................................................. 86 5.3.2 Thermal Analysis for Unprotected Beam ..................................................................... 92 5.3.3 Structural Analysis for Unprotected Beam ................................................................... 95 5.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 102 6.0 Parametric Study ................................................................................................................... 104 Lehigh University M.S. Structural Engineering Amy Kordosky 3 6.1 Description of Structural Models ...................................................................................... 105 6.1.1 2D Models at Various Lengths .................................................................................... 106 6.1.2 3D Models at Various Lengths .................................................................................... 107 6.1.3 3D Shell Models at Various Lengths ........................................................................... 109 6.2 Discussion of 20'-0" Models .............................................................................................. 110 6.3 Discussion of 30'-0" Models .............................................................................................. 121 6.4 Rebar Study ....................................................................................................................... 127 6.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 129 7.0 Conclusions and Future Work ............................................................................................... 132 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 135 References .................................................................................................................................. 136 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 138 Appendix A – Beam Design Calculations ................................................................................. 138 Appendix B – SFRM Thickness Calculation .............................................................................. 140 Appendix C – Concrete Strength ............................................................................................. 141 Appendix D– Furnace Outer Shell Temperature ..................................................................... 142 Appendix E– Matlab Scripts to Determine Temperature of Lumped Mass Steel Section ...... 143 Lehigh University M.S. Structural Engineering Amy Kordosky 4 List of Tables Table 1 – Euro-Parametric Fire Properties ................................................................................... 30 Table 2 – Ozone Fire Properties .................................................................................................... 31 Table 3 – Moment Capacity Calculation for W12x26 at Various Lengths .................................... 66 Table 4 – Failure Time Comparison ............................................................................................ 102 Table 5 Applied Live Load ......................................................................................................... 104 Table 6 – Number of Waves in each Beam Flange and Web ...................................................... 109 Table 7 – Unprotected 20'-0" 3D Beam Structural Failure Times .............................................. 112 Table 8 – Protected 20'-0" 3D Beam Structural Failure Times ................................................... 112 Table 9– Unprotected 30'-0" 3D Beam Structural Failure Times ............................................... 123 Table 10– Protected 30'-0" 3D Beam Structural Failure Times .................................................. 123 Lehigh University M.S. Structural Engineering Amy Kordosky 5 List of Figures Figure 1 – Modular furnace test fixture at ATLSS. ........................................................................ 19 Figure 2 – Elevations of the modular test furnace at the ATLSS Center – Front and Side View. . 21 Figure 3 – Elevation of the self-reacting test frame for the modular furnace. ............................ 22 Figure 4 – Maxon Kinemax 3" Series G Burner while Ignited. ...................................................... 23 Figure 5 – Diagram of Shear Tab Connection ............................................................................... 26 Figure 6 – Protective Ceramic Blankets on Columns and Beam Connections .............................. 26 Figure 7 – Specimen loading diagram ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 8 – Fire Curve Comparison ................................................................................................. 29 Figure 9 – Specimen Temperature from Test ............................................................................... 29 Figure 10 – Photo of top of slab after Test 1 ................................................................................ 32 Figure 11 – Close up of longitudinal crack .................................................................................... 32 Figure 12 – W8x10 after the test .................................................................................................. 33 Figure 13 – Shear tab connection after the test ........................................................................... 33 Figure 14 – Thermal mesh for 2D beam and slab ......................................................................... 34 Figure 15 – 2D frame from SAFIR .........................................................................................................35 Figure 16 – 3D frame from SAFIR ..........................................................................................................35 Figure 17 – Structural Mesh from SAFIR ....................................................................................... 36 Figure 18 – Lumped Mass Temperatures.............................................................................................38 Figure 19 – Top Flange Temperature Comparison.................................


We report on a new measurement of the reaction {sup 4}He({ital d},{sup 3}He){sup 3}H to study isospin breaking effects near threshold. We compared the results with microscopic calculations and infer on the importance of specific isosopin-breaking {ital S}-matrix elements. This analysis does not support the idea of an unknown {sup 6}Li resonance causing the observed effects.


In this paper, we consider a small polynomial perturba- tion of the Hamiltonian vector field with the Hamiltonian F(x,y )= x(y 2 − (x − 3) 2 ) having a center bounded by a triangle. The main result of this work is that the principal Poincare-Pontryagin func- tion associated with such a perturbation and with the family of ovals surrounding the center belongs to the C(t,1/t) module generated by Abelian integrals I0(t )a ndI2(t )a nd byI ∗ (t), where I ∗ (t) is not an Abelian integral. We show that, in general, the principal Poincare- Pontryagin function of order two of a polynomial perturbation of the degree at least five is not an Abelian integral.


The reproductive rate (Ro) of Helicoverpa armigera was 376.01 representing total female birth with a mean length of generation (Tc) 42.99 days was determined on cotton. The population increase with intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.1379 and finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1489 females/female/day. On reaching stable age distribution, the population comprised mainly of immature stages and further life at the time of adult emergence, was reduced from 16.38 to 1.75 days.


8220;The manuscript describes an analysis of a particle size distribution data set collected at an industrial site in Brisbane Australia aiming to investigate nucleation event frequencies in the area. The subject of this work is interesting, as more long-term data of secondary particle formation are needed from different types of environments. However, I think that the data set and, more importantly, its analysis is not appropriate to draw any conclusions of regional scale particle formation. Because of this, I think that the material presented in this work is not sufficient for a full paper, and its presentation is somewhat unclear in many places. I therefore think that this manuscript is not ready


EPRI's FALCON fuel performance code contains a fuel failure assessment capability that calculates a cumulative damage index, CDI, applicable to the PCI fuel failure mechanism. It is based on an adaptation of the cumulative damage concept coupled with a local cladding stress evaluation. The CDI is tailored specifically for the SCC failure mechanism and represents a figure of merit that essentially describes cladding vulnerability to failure as a function of history- dependent phenomenon such as power, temperature, stress, and fluence. This paper presents an evaluation of results from the analysis of PWR test rods using the cumulative damage method as compared to more traditional threshold stress methods for determination of PCI-induced fuel rod failure vulnerability.


The subject of Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" has been the focal point which people have been arguing.Based on the viewpoint of several representative on the basis of analysis,the author advances his unique views to the poem.


Different models of phospholipid membranes (PLMs) have been used for better understanding of properties and functions of real biological membranes. Mechanisms of transporting processes and properties of membranes were investigated using planar (supported) PLMs. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This technique was utilized to monitor formation, stability, and transporting process across the supported PLMs (s -PLMs). The investigated synthetic membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) too. The methods for isolation of protoplasts from plant cells were modified, adopted and optimized to obtain the cytoplasmic membranes containing specific transporting systems. It has not been possible to fix the p rotoplasts in substrate pores. Therefore, the protoplasts were destroyed and model phospholipids (lecithin) were mixed with these parts of real protoplasts, which contain real ion and other species transporters. Further, their parameters were investigated. Transporting processes of the environmentally important compounds and of supporting species (e.g., heavy metals, phytochelatin PC2, low molecu lar weight organic acids) across model and modified PLMs (in mixture with real parts of protoplasts) were studied. The cell penetrating peptides (transportan 10 and mastoparan X) were used to enable transfer of phytochelatin PC2. Voltammetry with hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) or with solid amalgam electrodes (SAEs) was utilized for detection of transported species.


The invention discloses a web page classification method based on groupization behaviors. The method comprises establishing a search term stem classification bank which comprises a plurality of term stems and classification attributes corresponding to the plurality of term stems respectively; recording search terms used by the groupization behaviors, web pages clicked during usage of the search terms and corresponding clicked times of each clicked web page during usage of the search terms; determining the recorded search term classification attributes according to the search term stem classification bank and establishing a search term classification bank which comprises recorded search terms and classification attributes corresponding to the search terms respectively; determining classification attributes of the clicked web pages according to the classification attributes of the search terms and corresponding clicked times of each clicked web page during usage of the search terms. The invention further provides a web page classification device based on groupization behaviors. By means of the method and the device, the webpage classification accuracy can be effectively improved.


Starting with the characteristics of multiversity subject's development, The paper probes into the professional document system to analyze the key issues on which the respective parts of the system would affect the construction and proposes constructive tactics. It also introduces some experience of constructing the professional document.


Since the introduction of Xerox PARC Map Viewer, there is a high growth in the number of Web GIS (Geographical Information System) applications for public use in different contexts. These applications instruct, advise and provide the tools for spatial analysis to their users, and the people who use them depend or rely on these systems. Many of these users are non-experts who have no GIS expertise and a limited understanding of spatial data handling. These inherent characteristics of non-expert interaction establish risk and uncertainty, which are further increased due to the complexity of Web GIS interfaces. These issues of uncertainty, risk perception and dependence are all trust-related aspects. Online trust has been repeatedly identified as a major concept for online information systems and its value recognised as it influences the intentions to use and the acceptance of online systems and the overall user experience. However, there is a very limited understanding as to exactly how trust is constructed when people, especially non-experts, interact with Web GIS. To improve knowledge in this domain, this article explores the theoretical foundations on how trust can be investigated in this context. Trust studies (mainly from the e-commerce domain) suggest that a trust-oriented interface design may improve the trustworthiness of online systems, and such attention can be given to Web GIS interfaces. Such studies are reviewed and their applicability is considered in the Web GIS context, taking into consideration their special characteristics. A case study is used to discuss how some features may potentially influence the trustworthiness of Web GIS applications. This article concludes by suggesting future research directions for the implementation of a holistic approach, which is necessary to investigate trust in this context.


High-sensitivity observations at the carbon 140-alpha and 141-alpha recombination-line frequencies in the direction of the Rho Oph dust cloud show the presence of recombination lines of carbon and sulfur, but not of other heavy elements. These results require that the elements Si, Fe, and Mg are depleted by factors greater than 15, 10, and 2, respectively, most likely into interstellar grains, whereas sulfur is undepleted. They also require that only approximately one-sixth of the carbon is present in the gas phase in the cloud. From the observed size of the C II region together with the observed carbon depletion, it is inferred that the density in the carbon-line-emitting region is 25,000 per cu cm and that the size of the S II region is significantly larger than that of the C II region. The agreement between the widths of the recombination lines (which arise in a small region of the cloud) and those of the more widely distributed molecular species suggests that the lines in this cloud are broadened by microturbulence on a scale of much less than 0.1 pc.


Cellulose membranes with controllable pore structures were manufactured using an environmentally friendly process with an aqueous solution containing wNaOH=4% and wurea=6% as the solvent.The cellulose membranes were prepared using the immersion precipitation phase inversion technique.The prepared cellulose membrane was observed by SEM and characterized with the average pore size and porosity.Tests investigated the effect of the cellulose concentration,type of coagulant,and the addition of an insoluble template on the membrane.The results show that with trace amounts of ZnO powder,cellulose membranes was obtained with about 0.9 porosity and widely adjustable average pore size by coagulation in an aqueous solution containing wHCl=3%.The porosity of the cellulose membrane was significantly reduced by using ethanol as the coagulant.Control of these factors allows preparation of cellulose membranes with flexible porosities and average pore sizes.


Quantization of the acoustical signal space is based on the sound relaxation hypothesis (phonon‐s); quantized are also two auditory message spaces (peripheral and cortical). Passive transfer models (Ohm's acoustical law; transduction) are rejected. The true auditory transfer function is identified as running power‐spectrum analysis. The digital power‐spectrum model of hearing is used to explain seven types of auditory resolution errors: Pitch‐ and intensity discrimination errors follow from the density of coding; phase‐deafness (monaural) is inherent in spectrum‐analysis; octave errors result from octave‐periodicity represented in the cortical layout underlying scanning; flicker‐fusion starts when repetition rate interferes with cortical scanning; the broad spread in transient spectra is interpreted as a consequence of drifting psychophysical time flow; sound‐absorption by enclosed sound fields generates spectrum‐broadening and is perceivable in the form of stereophonic sensations; unresolvable dissonance...


Abstract The spin scattering due to alkali impurities in liquid sodium has been studied and the relaxation rate per atomic per cent of impurity measured. The results have been compared with those predicted from a simple OPW calculation and from a calculation based upon numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation, including spin-orbit coupling and the free atom potential. Agreement between theory and experiment is poor in the OPW case; in contrast, the second technique gives improved agreement with experiment. It is suggested that the poor agreement for the OPW calculations has arisen, in part, due to the volume difference between host and impurity atoms. In the second method volume differences have been taken into account in an effort to clarify this and we find that agreement is improved if volume effects are included. The phase shifts obtained from the numerical integration have been used to calculate both the impurity contribution to the resistivity and the change in Knight shift of the host meta...


Objective To examine the effects of salidroside on apoptosis in cutured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by H_2O_2 and its possible mechanism.Methods H_2O_2 was used to build an oxidative stress-induced injury model in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes after being treated with salidroside(10,30,90μg/ml),the apoptosis rate,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activity of superoxide dimutase(SOD)and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) of the Cardiomyocytes were examined.Results Compared with the model group,the apoptosis rate and the content of MDA,LDH decreased greatly(P0.01),and the activity of SOD increased distinctly(P0.01)after being treated by salidroside(10,30,90μg/ml).Conclusions Salidroside can inhibit the apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.The protective mechanism could be related to its ability to reduce lipid pexosidation.


Since the concept that, inverters can controlled to behave like a synchronous generator "Virtual Synchronous Generator" has been proposed, the virtual synchronous generator started to become the mainstream control of distributed generators connected distributed system. This concept simulates the frequency and voltage regulation of synchronous generator to improve the overall stability in the medium and low voltage power system. Although significant research works have considered the application of VSGs in active and reactive power sharing, it seems to be that the issue of the proportional power sharing between VSGs of different capacities has not considered much in the previous works, especially when the lines have increased resistive components. Based on an improved droop control and virtual complex impedance, this paper successfully adjusts the PI controller parameters to implement the proportional power sharing and decoupling for VSGs of different capacities. MATLAB simulations show that stable output responses can be achieved by using the proposed scheme.


This is an expository article about the recent results on the relation between the naturality problem of quantum cohomology and birational geometry. We give a short survey on Li-Ruan's results. Some conjecture-proposals are discussed.


Objective To investigate the expression of HIWI in humam gliomas of different grades.Methods HIWI expression in glioma cells was detected by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining,semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and Western blot in four grades of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ with 10 cases each,which was compared to 12 specimens of normal brain tissues.Results The expression of HIWI in glioma was increased and positively correlated with its pathological grade.The expression level of HIWI was higher in astrocytoma grades of Ⅲ and Ⅳ than that in the grades of Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Conclusion HIWI is highly expressed in human gliomas,which may play an important role in the progression of glioma.


The basic properties of the cones of lower semicontinuous traces and 2-quasitraces are studied. These properties include: compactness and Hausdorffness of the given cone, continuity of the corresponding functor, and a suitable notion of dual space. These results are applied to the study of the Cuntz semigroup of some classes of C*-algebras. It is shown that if a C*-algebra absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra, then the subsemigroup of its Cuntz semigroup consisting of the purely non-compact elements, is isomor-phic to the dual space of the cone of lower semicontinuous 2-quasitraces. This yields a computation of the Cuntz semigroup for the following two classes of C*-algebras: C*-algebras that absorb the Jiang-Su algebra and have no non-zero simple subquotients, and simple C*-algebras that absorb the Jiang-Su algebra.


Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) injuries remain a challenge to most trauma surgeons and continue to result in significant mortality despite aggressive management. We report successful management of a proximal SMA injury through endovascular treatment in a 56-year-old man. The patient presented with hypotension due to a stab wound after the epigastrium. He underwent emergency laparotomy and repair of the penetrated wall of the stomach. Right retroperitoneal hematoma at the initial laparotomy expanded and ruptured, requiring a massive transfusion. At the second laparotomy, we performed lateral arteriorrhaphy of the proximal SMA. Follow-up abdominal computed tomography angiography on post-injury day 7 showed a pseudoaneurysm on the left side of the SMA trunk. The patient was treated successfully with an endovascular stent graft.


With this need in view an
attempt is therefore made in this paper to present a comparable technique
for the identification and measurement of one ty11e of intra-regional population
migration, namely, that which is characteristic of a stable metropolitan
region, and to demonstrate this by a brief study of migration within
the urban region of Worcester, Massachusetts.


In situ single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic techniques have been used to study a previously unreported Cu-framework bis[1-(4-pyridyl)butane-1,3-dione]copper(ii) (CuPyr-I). CuPyr-I was found to exhibit high-pressure and low-temperature phase transitions, piezochromism, negative linear compressibility, and a pressure induced Jahn–Teller switch, where the switching pressure was hydrostatic media dependent.


BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus has caused an international outbreak. Currently, there are no specific therapeutic agents for coronavirus infections. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a potentially effective treatment option. METHODS Patients who had recovered from COVID‐19 and had been discharged from the hospital for more than 2 weeks were recruited. COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP)‐specific donor screening and selection were performed based on the following criteria: 1) aged 18‐55 years; 2) eligible for blood donation; 3) diagnosed with COVID‐19; 4) had two consecutive negative COVID‐19 nasopharyngeal swab tests based on PCR (at least 24 hr apart) prior to hospital discharge; 5) had been discharged from the hospital for more than 2 weeks; and 6) had no COVID‐19 symptoms prior to convalescent plasma donation. In addition, preference was given to CCP donors who had a fever lasting more than 3 days or a body temperature exceeding 38.5°C (101.3°F), and who donated 4 weeks after the onset of symptoms. CCP collection was performed using routine plasma collection procedures via plasmapheresis. In addition to routine donor testing, the CCP donors' plasma was also tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid and S‐RBD‐specific IgG antibody. RESULTS Of the 81 potential CCP donors, 64 (79%) plasma products were collected. There were 18 female donors and 46 male donors. There were 34 first‐time blood donors and 30 repeat donors. The average time between CCP collection and initial symptom onset was 49.1 days, and the average time between CCP collection and hospital discharge was 38.7 days. The average volume of CCP collected was 327.7 mL. All Alanine transaminase (ALT) testing results met blood donation requirements. HIV Ag/Ab, anti‐HCV, anti‐syphilis, and HBsAg were all negative; NAT for HIV, HBV, and HCV were also negative. In addition, all of the CCP donors' plasma units were negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Of the total 64 CCP donors tested, only one had an S‐RBD‐specific IgG titer of 1:160, all others had a titer of ≥1:320. CONCLUSION Based on a feasibility study of a pilot CCP program in Wuhan, China, we demonstrated the success and feasibility of CCP collection. In addition, all of the CCP units collected had a titer of ≥1:160 for S‐RBD‐specific IgG antibody, which met the CCP quality control requirements based on the Chinese national guidelines for CCP.


ABSTRACT We study the evolution of cooperation in the Volunteer's Dilemma using the stochastic Moran process, which models a birth/death dynamic on a finite population. Each period one player dies and is replaced by a copy of a player. Players are either matched in pairs or matched in groups to play the Volunteer's Dilemma and their payoffs affect their probabilities of reproduction. This set-up allows to study how selection pressure, initial number of cooperators as well as the size of the groups playing the Volunteer's Dilemma influence the evolution of cooperation. Our main result is that given sufficiently high selection pressure an equilibrium of full cooperation is certain in pairwise interactions but an impossibility in group interactions.


Behavior of ihe clotting system after exposure of its components to x rays in doses of up to 13,200 r was studied. A small extension of recalcification time in irradiated platelet-poor plasma and deficiency of thromboplastic function after irradiation of platelets and Christmas factor were revealed. No pronounced effect of x-rays on the second clotting phase could be demonstrated. Prothrombin time was found to be extended. inactivation of plasminogen was not confirmed. Differences in behavior of the fibrinolytic system before and after irradiation were not revealed. (auth)


Retinol is stored in liver, and the dynamic balance between its accumulation and mobilization is regulated by hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Representing less than 1% total liver protein, HSC can reach a very high intracellular retinoid (vitamin‐A and its metabolites) concentration, which elicits their conversion from the myofibroblast to the fat‐storing lipocyte phenotype. Circulating retinol is associated with plasma retinol‐binding protein (RBP) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Here we have used the in vitro model of GRX cells to compare incorporation and metabolism of BSA versus RBP associated [3H]retinol in HSC. We have found that lipocytes, but not myofibroblasts, expressed a high‐affinity membrane receptor for RBP–retinol complex (KD = 4.93 nM), and both cell types expressed a low‐affinity one (KD = 234 nM). The RBP–retinol complex, but not the BSA‐delivered retinol, could be dislodged from membranes by treatments that specifically disturb protein–protein interactions (high RBP concentrations). Under both conditions, treatments that disturb the membrane lipid layer (detergent, cyclodextrin) released the membrane‐bound retinol. RBP‐delivered retinol was found in cytosol, microsomal fraction and, as retinyl esters, in lipid droplets, while albumin‐delivered retinol was mainly associated with membranes. Disturbing the clathrin‐mediated endocytosis did not interfere with retinol uptake. Retinol derived from the holo‐RBP complex was differentially incorporated in lipocytes and preferentially reached esterification sites close to lipid droplets through a specific intracellular traffic route. This direct influx pathway facilitates the retinol uptake into HSC against the concentration gradients, and possibly protects cell membranes from undesirable and potentially noxious high retinol concentrations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The PRESIDENT said it seemed to be a post-diphtheritic case, with singular absence of ocular symptoms. Dr. H. J. DAVIs recommended that the strychnine should -be injected subcutaneously in these cases. An injection of Uliij strychnina nitratis once a day would suffice. The nitrate was a more efficient salt than the hydrochlorate. Strychnine injections were painful, but more benefit would be derived than by administering strychnine in a mixture. The condition was post-diphtheritic. Dr. WATSON WILLIAMS said he had recently seen a similar case following a sore throat; and he thought such cases were always due to the diphtheria bacillus. His patient recovered under the influence of arsenic and nux vomica. Dr. KELSON replied that the evidence of it being diphtheritic was very slight; indeed, it seemed to fit the supposition that it was post-influenzal.


The use of a Linear Periodic Controller (LPC) has been proposed as a new approach in the field of model reference adaptive control. The resulting controller can handle rapid changes in plant parameters, and it provides smooth transient behavior for a closed-loop system. Moreover, the LPC generates control signals, which are modes in size when measured using the infinity norm. Although the LPC has these advantages, it suffers from poor noise tolerance. The smaller the sampling time is the less noise tolerant the controller is. In this work, to alleviate this drawback, we apply a probing signal with a larger size. The probing size is inversely proportional to the sampling time. The proposed method has significantly better noise rejection but larger control signal.


The invention relates to a vehicle body structure in the floor area of the passenger compartment on both sides with a respective longitudinal support (3) in the floor area of the passenger compartment between a center tunnel (2) and a side sill. According to the invention the longitudinal support (3) extends along each continuous over the entire length from the front footwell carriage (4) to a heel plate (5AB). Here, the longitudinal support (3) as a closed longitudinal hollow support on its underside by a longitudinal support Stufenabkantung (9) of the floor panel (10AB) and at the top by a connected longitudinal support bracket as a longitudinal support for the locking element (11SW) is formed.