ileal contents were collected from each section. Jejunal samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, while the other samples were frozen at-18 C. Weight of the gizzard was significantly higher when whole wheat was fed. Replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat increased faecal starch digestibility from 96 to 99 % and ileal starch digestibility from 93 to 99 %. These significant increases in starch digestibility corresponds with earlier results from our lab. The higher starch digestibility was associated with a significant increase in amylase activity and bile acid concentration per g feed in the jejunum. Thus, one possible explanation for the increased starch digestibility in wheat diets by the use unground cereals could be an increased digestive activity. The mechanism behind this needs to be revealed, but may be associated with an increased gizzard activity which is considered to stimulate digestive secretions. The amino acid (AA) requirements of broiler breeders are not well known. AA requirements of pullets will be expected to change dramatically as the birds begin to lay, reach peak, and then decrease in production. The determination of AA requirements over relatively short phases of production will allow more accurate formulation of breeder diets. The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method allows rapid determination of an AA requirement. Briefly, a radiolabelled indicator AA (14 C-Phe) is in-fused into the jugular vein of birds fed a diet containing a specific level of a test AA. Below the requirement for the test AA, indicator oxidation will be inversely proportional to protein synthesis. At and above the requirement , indicator oxidation will remain constant. Cobb 500 breeder pullets (n=4) of similar body weights were selected at 20 weeks of age and were fed a pelleted, purified control diet that met NRC requirements for all nutrients. Each bird was fed the diet for three days prior to surgery to implant a jugular catheter. Following recovery (4 d), each bird was fed a pelleted, purified test diet containing one of nine levels of lysine or 150 % of NRC recommendation). Each of the test diets was fed for two days and oxidation rate was determined using IAAO. Birds were housed individually in oxidation chambers. Air was drawn through the chamber at 20 L/min for 20 minutes before breath collection began to allow the CO2 to equilibrate in the ventilating system. A priming dose (3.5ml) of 14C Phe was given as a bolus. …


ABSTRACT We explore and characterize the use of WhatsApp group instant messaging as part of the social media trend in the context of parental engagement and participation in public schooling. We reveal how this platform is utilized within public school parental interactions, emphasizing the possible benefits as well as obstacles for such technologies in promoting parental engagement in diverse settings in Israel. Given the abundance of literature dealing with parental involvement in education in various cultural and socio-economic contexts, we propose a fresh outlook regarding one specific kind of such involvement through a social media platform, offering a novel methodology and proposing a new avenue of study for additional research in other contexts.


The effects of stocking rate 81, 82 and 83 with 2, 3 and 4 snails per basket cage and
photoperiod of three light regimes PI (18 hours light and 6 hours dark), P2 (J2hours light
and 12 hours dark) and P3 (6 hours light and 18 hours dark) on the reproductive
performance of the giant African land snail, Achatina achatina were investigated over a
12 week period. The experiment had 3 replicates and 9 treatments. the snails were fed
with mixture of layers mash and dried pawpaw leaves.
In this experiment stocking rate did not show any effect on egg production, feed intake
and the weight gain (P > 0.05). However, photoperiod had significant effect on laying
performance (P < 0.05) but not on feed intake and the weight gain. Also, there was
significant interaction between photoperiod and stocking density on the feed intake but
not on laying performance. Mortality rate was recorded with significant interaction between photoperiod and stocking density (P < 0.05). Owing to the fact that mortality
was highest for (18 L6D) hours and (12 L12D) hours at stocking density of 2 snails /
basket while it was highest for (6L 18D) hrs at stocking density of 3 snails/basket.
It is concluded from this study that snail should be exposed to extreme light to enhance
their activating effect on reproduction.


Global climate change has become the focus of world.As a developed country,Britain wants to play an important role in climate change issues and to obtain leadership,promoting its making the most of climate change issues.Based on the introduction of the British energy supply,consumption and CO2 emissions,this paper expounds the countermeasures of British climate change from taking into account research,science and technology plan,strengthening legislation,organizing special agencies,taking many measures,and strengthening international cooperation,etc,respectively.This will help enlighten China to cope with climate change by strengthening basic research,stressing the whole design,perfecting laws and regulations,promoting innovative capability,paying attention to public opinion and driving international cooperation.


X-ray emission spectroscopy is widely used as a practical tool for compositional analysis of local specimen area and elemental mapping analysis in electron microscopes. X-rays with energy more than a few keV are dominantly due to electronic transitions between inner-shell electron levels. Those characteristic X-ray energies are useful for assignment of elements. On the other hand, X-rays originate form electronic transitions from valence bands (VB, bonding electron states) to inner-shell electron levels inform us energy states of bonding electrons. The energy of this latter X-ray ranges in ultrasoft or soft X-ray region form about 0.01 to a few keV. Since K-emissions of light elements and L-emissions of 3d transition elements are in this energy region, soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) based on electron microscopy (EM) can be a sensitive tool for elemental and chemical identifications. Thus, various applications are expected through this approach. We have developed and tested the SXES instruments by attaching to TEM, EPMA, and SEM. The spectrometers have an energy range of 504000eV by using four varied-line-spacing (aberration corrected) gratings [1,2,3]. This SXES spectrometer informs us energy states of VB from specified specimen areas in electron microscopy, which is hardly obtained by EELS and EDS.


In historical records, Sufism has made a huge contribution to the spiritual and intellectual life of Islam. Sufism has influenced religious behavior which points through people's attitudes, morals, and behavior. This writing uses descriptive method with qualitative approach, and inductive/ qualitative data analysis, while data collection techniques through library Research, with findings that someone who truly understands the concept of Wahdat al Wujud and Wahdat Ash Syuhud will behave first, he becomes more confident in the beginning of worship. Second, all the life he faces is enjoyable or easy and not so hard. Third, understanding the life of the world is a temporary life and the ultimate life is life in the hereafter. It is he, in himself who is steady that only Allah is the greatest Almighty, all-powerful and all-inclusive, while human is small and weak. Fifth, he feels that he is always supervised by Allah SWT. Sixth, he will get a lot of blessings from Allah SWT whether it is health favors, favors of faith, Islam and ihsan.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of ticlopidine(ticlid) on the early stage diabetic nephropathy.Methods sixty two patients were divided randomly into the ticlid treated group and the control group, the therapeutical effect and the change of the relative indexes were compared .Results After treatment,serumTXB 2、T/K and urinary albumin were significantly lower(P0.01) and serum 6-k-PGF 1a was significantly higher(P0.01) in the ticlid treaed group,but there was on difference in the control group.Conclusion Ticlid can improve the micro-circulation,reduce the excretion of urinary albumin,delay the advance of diabetic nephropathy in patients with the early stage diabetic nephropathy.


Abstract A number of biphenyl, terphenyl analogues and ethynes which contain a pyrazine ring have been made and their liquid crystal transition temperatures, together with examples of birefringence measurements, are reported. All the 2,5-disubstituted pyrazine systems are liquid crystalline showing high birefringence values for the biphenyl and terphenyl analogues, whereas the 1,5-disubstituted systems are not liquid crystalline. The pyrazine ethyne systems exhibit very high birefringence values. X-ray diffraction has been used to identify the liquid crystal phases of 2-n-nonyloxy-5-(4′-propylbiphenyl-4-yl)pyrazine.


The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) has been implicated in promoting vascular dysfunction through the activation of proinflammatory cascades and the induction of oxidative stress. Chronic activation of RAGE is associated with diabetes‐related vascular complications including coronary and peripheral vascular atherosclerosis and diabetic retinopathy. We have demonstrated that RAGE activation in monocytes and macrophages also regulates vascular remodeling in response to acute ischemia in a mouse model of hind‐limb ischemia. Lentiviral‐directed overexpression of RAGE in monocytes prevents the development of collateral vessels (arteriogenesis) in response to hind‐limb ischemia. To better understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for these observations, we have undertaken a cell culture approach to address the effect of monocyte ‐specific RAGE activation on the production of proarteriogenic and proangiogenic factors under hypoxic conditions and determine how chronic RAGE activation influences receptor recycling. We have generated soluble RAGE using a baculovirus system, which will provide a valuable reagent to evaluate RAGE signaling in response to hypoxic conditions. In addition, we are generating N‐terminal GFP‐tagged versions of the RAGE receptor that will allow us to evaluate RAGE receptor recycling following activation in a macrophage cell line.


1. INTRODUCTION
Geographers at the University of Lund have been active in research on desertification/ land degradation and environmental change monitoring of African drylands since the mid 1970'ies and of Asian drylands since the beginning of the 1990'ies. The results obtained so far do not confirm the concept of desertification as a mainly man made phenomena but indicate that the importance of climate variability and change has been underestimated (Hellden 1991). To learn about the importance of climatic fluctuations versus human impact on land degradation in arctic and sub-arctic environments, Iceland was selected for further studies.

Iceland is not an arid, semi-arid or dry sub-humid region. Therefore the land degradation it is suffering cannot be called "desertification" in the strict sense as defined by the UN. On the other hand there is no doubt that land degradation has led to the creation of extensive desert like conditions in many areas of Iceland. In this sense, "desertification" is an Icelandic reality indicating the introduction and spread of desert like conditions in landscapes where there should not be any.

2. RESULTS
There are few areas in Europe that have suffered such a severe and extensive land degradation as Iceland, leading to the creation of long lasting desert like conditions. It is estimated that when Iceland was settled, in 874 , at least 60% of the country was vegetated and that forests covered 15-25% of the country's area (Bergþorsson 1998, Þorarinsson 1961, Einarsson 1963, Þorsteinsson 1973). The vegetative cover is now about 27%. There is almost no forest (The Agricultural Ministry 1986, IGI/LMI 1993, Arnalds et al.1997).

The scientific and political societies in Iceland often relate the land degradation problems to human over use of the rangelands, starting with the introduction of cattle and sheep rasing at the time of the settlement 874 AD. They consider overgrazing and overuse of the woodlands for fuelwood and charcoal production to be the most important processes opening and exposing the landscape for soil erosion with growing desert patches and deserts as a consequence.

Most farmers, on the other hand, seem to believe that the desert patches and deserts are natural phenomena. The initiation and expansion of the phenomena is supposed to be related to climatic events possibly enhanced by the traditional winter grazing habit, no longer practiced.

Our observations and preliminary results indicate that the importance of climate may have been underestimated as a possible and important cause of land degradation and desertification in Iceland. Cold and dry periods have probably favoured the development and expansion of desert patches and deserts. The Little Ice Age, especially during the second half of the last century, seems to have offered favourable conditions for frost processing and events of severe wind erosion. The second half of the last century is also characterized by an outstanding high population pressure and most likely a correspondingly high grazing pressure in the study area.

Time series photos of erosion remnants development during a covering a 32 years period indicate that the erosion processes creating deserts may be supprisingly slow.


We present a system to measure 3D shape of sole surface of human foot using flatbed scanner. Our goal is to build a low cost system for reconstructing sole surface of human foot using flatbed scanner for mak- ing tailored shoes. There are two main phases in our system: a photometric parameter estimation and a re- construction phase. The photometric parameter esti- mation calculates the position of the light source in the scanner. The reconstruction phase uses iterative algo- rithm to calculate normal vector and the depth informa- tion. First, we implement photometric parameter esti- mation by scanning some white paper in several slant and rotation angles. We conducted some experiments to obtain the best slant and rotation angle combination for calculating light source position of the scanner. We also propose a new method for estimating light source position of the scanner using foot model. Next, we con- duct reconstruction phase by scanning user's foot. We then apply median filter with 5×5 mask sizes to remove the noise in scanned image. By using the calculated light source position from the previous step and pixel in- tensity of scanned image, depth and normal vector are calculated iteratively. We acquire more accurate light source position by comparing albedo ratio and finally we acquire the 3D shape which average error compared with ground truth data is up to 0.97mm.


Cito DM as the special mine application software is supported by the AutoCAD.This article discusses its application to the coal mine surveying charting briefly.


After travelling throughout Western Europe for more than twenty-five years, master Wessel of Groningen settled permanently in his native country, probably in 1477. Wessel often had the opportunity to teach and engage in debate. It is argued that he taught Scripture to the Sisters of the Olde Convent, although there is no evidence for this. It is undeniably true that he regularly visited the monasteries of the canons regular of Saint Agnietenberg near Zwolle and the Cistercian monks at Aduard near Groningen for tuition and debate. Wessel wrote a letter to a monk at Aduard about a controversial theological subject. Wessel disapproved of the readings from the Dialogus miraculorum by Caesarius of Heisterbach that were customary during the meals of the monks, after which this text was abandoned for readings in the refectory. The chapter also elaborates on the scarce source material about the relations between Wessel and Aduard. Keywords: Aduard; Caesarius of Heisterbach; Cistercian monks; Dialogus miraculorum ; Groningen; master Wessel Gansfort; Western Europe


With reference to Karl Polyani's notion of fictitious commodities we evaluate whether the protection of two worldwide known streets, namely 'Regent Street' in London and the 'Champs- Elysees' in Paris may be perceived as an erosion of the public interest and thus call for potential policy reformulation or reforms to substantive trademark law. The reasons for this choice are twofold: Firstly, the existing body of literature offers an in-depth discussion on the complex dynamics between the public interest and patents and copyrights, yet relatively little has been said so far on the correlation of the public interest and trademarks. Secondly, trademark protection over urban space is a recent phenomenon that has in and by itself not yet been properly grasped, neither from a policy, commercial or legal perspective. We conclude that the ownership structure of each of these two trademarks suggests that, contrary to intuition, it is the use of trademark protection rather than the renouncement from trademark protection that guarantees, at least in these two instances, the public interest. We contend however that the increased use of trademark protection over urban space does bear the potential for the erosion of the public interest and call upon policy makers to formulate guidelines in that respect.


For the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of realizing ultra-wideband antennas through ink-jetting of conductive inks on commercially available paper sheets (paper as an RF substrate). The characterization of the conductive ink as well as of the electrical properties of the paper substrate is reported for frequencies up to 10GHz. This work is one step further towards the development of low-cost environment-friendly conformal printed antennas/electronics for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks operating in rugged environments.


Remote sensing data from Monte Real sub-basin (onshore West-Central Portugal), collected by the LANDSAT 7 ETM+, JERS-1 (SAR) and Envisat (ASAR) satellites, are used with the purpose to give new insights relatively to the Monte Real salt-structure. The recognized pattern of the diapir and of the structural lineaments is in agreement with the geophysical and geological data.


An analytical method for the determination of DA6 with High Performance Liquid Chromatgrophy was developed.DA-6 was isolated from sample by pure water.The chromatgrophic separation was carried on with an AQ-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm I D,5 μm)column,developed with pure water containing phosphoric acid(pH 3.0) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and monitored with a PDA detector at UV205nm.The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.002~0.200 mg/ml.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of executive compensation on risk taking among listed commercial banks in Kenya.Methodology:The study used an Epistemology research philosophy, causal research design was adopted whereby panel data approach was used. The target population for this study were the 11 listed banks on the NSE. Secondary Data for the year 2010 to 2015 was collected from the NSE handbook. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and panel regression was also used. The results were presented in form of tables, figures, charts, graphs and trend lines.Results:Based on the findings, the study concluded that there Share Ownership and risk taking are positively and insignificantly related. Regression analysis indicated that Executive Fixed Salary and risk taking were negatively and significantly related. Executive Allowances and risk taking were negatively and significantly related.Regression analysis results indicated that Executive Annual Bonuses and risk taking were negatively and significantly related. Based on the findings the study recommended that banks should pursue optimum compensation policies, which will ensure minimum cost to the bank.Policy recommendation: This study recommends that on Executive Share Ownership banks should not increase director's shares as this will have no effect on risk taking. It was also recommended that banks might want to raise their executive salary bases on their executive staff as this will automatically lead to decreased risk in banks. The study recommended that banks should entice their staff with huge allowances as this will decrease risk. The study also recommends executive annual bonus should be considered incrementally while determining executive compensation perks as it has a decreasing effect on risk among banks listed on NSE.


TENOTOMY of the extra-ocular muscles and their re-attachment to the sclera is an essential part of operations for strabismus and retinal detachment. Investigation of the processes whereby these wounds heal is desirable for two reasons: (1) The tendon or muscle does not always become re-attached at the intended site and this may account, in part, for the unpredictability of strabismus operations. Opinions differ as to how these operations should be performed, and there is a need for sound principles. (2) Improved techniques in detachment surgery offer better hopes of cure. Nevertheless, re-operations are frequent and they are complicated by adhesions formed after earlier procedures involving the extra-ocular muscles. The cause of these adhesions needs to be established. This particular paper concerns tissue repair after strabismus operations in monkeys. The problem has been studied in rabbits by Carroll and Blake (1932) and by me (Ingram, 1965a). However, the findings in rabbits cannot be directly applied to man because the muscle-to-sclera junction is dissimilar. Sub-human primates are more suitable experimental animals since, in both monkeys and man, a tendon joins the muscle to the sclera. These studies may incidentally contribute to our knowledge of the healing of wounds in tendons elsewhere in the body, because similar tissues are involved and consideration must be given to what is already known about this subject. The process of tendon repair has been linked in the past with the study of transplanted tendon grafts, and interest has centred around the viability of the grafted tissue rather than the method by which the graft was joined to the host. Peer (1955) has reviewed the conflicting views on the subject of tendon repair. Some workers believed that regeneration of the tendon took place by outward growth from the cut ends of the tendon. Others believed that the new tendon was formed mainly from the sheaths surrounding the tendon stumps. In between these two schools of thought, Mason and Shearon (1932) stated that the union between the two ends was first effected by proliferation of the tendon sheath and that, after a few days, the tendon


Shanghai's crude birth rate stood at 12.7/1000 in 1989, and its municipal government has an exceptionally strong commitment to family planning activities. To measure the effects of family planning activities on Shanghai's declining fertility, study was conducted in 2 urban districts and 2 rural counties of Shanghai in April-May 1988. A sample of 11,073 married women representing different levels of socioeconomic development and family planning program implementation was selected. Three evaluative methods--prevalence model, reproductive process analysis, and couple-years of protection--were used to assess the demographic effectiveness of available birth control methods. The prevalence model analysis revealed substantial reductions in fertility as a result of contraceptives provided by Shanghai's family planning program, especially among women 25-29 years of age. A total of 3602 births were estimated to have been averted in this sample in 1987 as a result of contraceptive use; 77% of births averted were due to IUD use, 8% to condoms, and 5% to oral contraceptives. The reproductive process analysis indicated that the retention span of an IUD increases with age, to reach a maximum number of births averted (3.2) at ages 25-29 years. Finally, the IUD's standardized couple-years of protection was found to total 933.7 for 1987's 1029 new acceptors, with 0.36 births averted per acceptor.


In this paper we propose an improved method to search curves in pre-processed images. Given an image that has been binarized and thinned to single-pixel representations, the method performs a clockwise or anti-clockwise neighborhood searching process which takes into account the turning angle of the pixels on a certain curve. At last the method is tested on several real images and compared with the original method.


An image is an artifact that depicts or records visual perception. Object Based Image Retrieval (OBIR) is a technique to find specific object from image database. Similar images can be retrieved from image database by comparing image features. A feature is a piece of information which is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. Visual content of the entire image refer to the global features. Locally rich information like interesting point detection can be addressed in local features. This paper include color features and edge detection feature as global feature and corner detection feature as local feature. Some techniques for finding each features and comparison of those techniques are mentioned here.


The ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophil granulocytes was inhibited by the addition of concanavalin A (Con A). Intracellular killing of the bacteria and reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) was enhanced, however, indicating stimulation of oxydative metabolism by Con A. This stimulation may in part be due to agglutination of the cells, since NBT reduction was less prominent when agglutination was prevented. The effects of Con A were different from those of metabolic inhibitors of glycolysis, and the decreased ingestion is probably caused by specific binding of Con A to cell membrane glycoproteins leading to derangement in normal membrane function.


Beginning on 1 January 2009, authors with Chinese, Japanese, or Korean names may choose to have their names published in their own language, alongside the English versions of their names, in the author list of their publications.1 For Chinese, authors may use either Simplified or Traditional characters. In order to participate in this free service, interested authors must include Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters within the author list of their manuscripts when submitting or resubmitting. The publisher does not offer a translation service and will not insert names; this is the author's responsibility. To participate, authors must prepare their manuscripts using Microsoft Word or using the CJK LaTeX package. Specific guidelines for each authoring tool are given at http://www.aip.org/pubservs/cjk_instructions.html. To ensure that the manuscript submission system has processed the submitted manuscript files correctly, authors must proof the PDF of the manuscript file as produced by the Peer X-Press system upon submission. In addition, it is essential that authors check carefully the page proofs they will receive from the publisher prior to publication of the accepted paper.


With development of reform and fiercer competition in telecom industry,the customer churn rate is increasing now.How to predict and reduce customer churn effectively influences the existence and development of telecom corporations directly.Churning customers only absorb the small portion of the total customers.Thus,obvious unbalanced data problem exists in the data set of telecom customer.But,traditional customers churn prediction model dealt churn prediction as a common pattern recognition problem,and built the prediction model based on pervasive machine learning.It is of vital importance when the misclassification costs of two errors are great deal of difference.This paper brings forward the cost-sensitive learning theory,and builds a telecom customer churn prediction model based on cost-sensitive SVM.It brings different misclassification costs into modeling process and improves the prediction performance effectively.


The passive transport of solutes across the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) urinary bladder epithelium was examined in vitro in Ussing-style membrane chambers. The low transepithelial conductance (average 0.14–0.20 mS∙cm−2) and low mannitol permeability (6.9 ± 1.4 × 10−11 cm∙s−1, mean ± SE) indicate that both the transcellular and paracellular pathways have limited solute permeability. Fluid transport measurements in in vitro bag preparations indicate low hydraulic conductivity (1.6 ± 0.4 × 10−7 cm∙s−1∙atm−1; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and suggest that the absorbate is hyperosmotic, 5-fold more concentrated than the bathing solutions. Voltage clamping experiments with unidirectional 22Na+ and 36Cl− fluxes indicated that Na+ passive diffusion occurs primarily via a transcellular pathway, whereas the epithelium behaves as a simple resistive barrier to Cl−; thus, a diffusional portion of the Cl− flux may be paracellular. The balance of the Cl− serosa-to-mucosa flux is nonconductive and apparently represents an...


Recently, car-parts suppliers all over the world are facing their margins under growing pressure due to intensified competition and the cost of innovation. In order to address these issues, most companies engage in redesigning production operations. This paper proposes an innovative approach consist of TRIZ and simulation technology, through which the unbalanced issues occurring in production lines could be found out, and suggestions for improvement can be put forward. The first step of this methodology framework is to define the technical problems using the FAA model. Secondly, a contradiction matrix is used for selecting tools resolving the problem potentially. Thirdly, the inventive principle are applied to generate the solutions against actual conditions. Fourthly, during the evaluation phase, the simulation software Witness and it's optimization module are used to get an accurate flexible production schedule. In this study, an car-part supplier named HT company was taken as a case study; the comparative data showed that the company's direct economic benefits is increased, the customer satisfaction and the workshop management level are improved.


Abstract Experimental data obtained in a single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, spark ignition (SI), cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine when operating on CH4, H2, CO, simulated reforming product gas (2H2 + CO), and some of their mixtures are presented. The dependence of the value of some key operational and combustion variables, including the knock and lean operational limits, combustion duration, and exhaust emission on fuel composition, is investigated. The significant effect of the presence of H-bearing species such as CH4, H2, or H2O on the combustion and knock characteristics of dry CO is also highlighted. Guidelines as to the suitability of these fuels for SI engine applications are provided.


Purpose of this paper is to explore the three strategic orientations (customer, competitive, and technological) of the firm and new product performance. To understand which of three different strategic orientations is more appropriate, when and why it is so in the context of developing product innovations. To discuss Pakistani brands and develop repositions with reference to the working styles of Pakistani brands. It also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications for business in Pakistan.


Objective\ To study the ultrasonographic characteristics and pathological speciality of orital tumors.\ Methods\ The ultrasonographic features and the location of 30 tumor cases were analyzed and compared with the results of operation and pathological findings.\ Results\ The ultrasonography features were closely related to the pathological speciality of orital tumor.\ Tumor location was also related to the tumor speciality.\ Conclusion\ These imaging signs of location of B\|mode ultrasonography provides valuable information for the early and rapid diagnosis of orital tumors.\ Ultrasonographic features together with occuring position of the tumors would be great aid in diagnosis of the orital tumors.


To evaluate and identify new candidate cancer drug targets, there is an ongoing need for a reliable, sensitive and quantitative assay that enables the analysis of larger numbers of compounds in preclinical research. This thesis has developed, and optimized a sensitive enzyme-release assay for monitoring natural cytotoxicity. It measures the release of the intracellular enzyme adenylate kinase into the culture supernatant after membrane rupture and is evaluated as an indicator of cell death. This assay was proven to correlate and compete with currently used methodologies for the assessment of cytotoxicity and with its superior sensitivity; convenience and in expense, it should be applicable to the study of other cytotoxicity reactions. The resulting ToxiLight® kit is now being sold world-wide and rapidly became the top selling product for Lonza Bio Science with many references to its use in publications. It was proven from this investigation that to truly comprehend the effect a cytotoxic drug has on cells, two assays are required in combination; one to measure cytotoxicity and a second to measure viability. The two most sensitive kits tested in this study, the ViaLight® Plus assay and the newly designed ToxiLight® assay were used in combination to monitor the effect of commonly used cytotoxicity drugs on melanoma cells. It was hoped to find both a sensitive and resistant cell line for further analysis by MALDI-MS.


The sequence of the Yumen M5.9 earthquake on December 14, 2002 was relocated using the double-difference earthquake location algorithm. Based on this the seismic fault and mechanism were discussed. The result shows that the inverse-push dislocation occurred on the fault plane at the convergence of the Yumen fault and the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault in the depth, and both faults contributed to the energy release of the mainshock and aftershocks.


The utility model discloses a cigarette with a flavoring agent layer. The cigarette comprises a cigarette body wrapping cut tobacco, a filter stick and a piece of tipping paper, wherein the cigarette body is connected with the filter stick through the tipping paper covering the filter stick; and the tipping paper comprises a piece of raw paper of tipping paper for cigarettes, and the flavoring agent layer which is arranged outside the raw paper of the tipping paper for cigarettes. The cigarette with the flavoring agent layer can enable the taste system of a smoker to feel the taste of the flavoring agent directly, reduce the dry sensation of the oral cavity of the smoker, and promote the secretion of saliva or body fluid.


Colonization of castor roots by Trichoderma induced resistance to seedling blight disease. When compared withuntreated seedlings, Phytophthora disease severity was reduced by 93% in Trichoderma (Th4d strain)–treated ones. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) by Trichoderma was confirmed by the expression profiling of a few signature genes known to be up-regulated during ISR.


The O26 serogroup of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the serogroups most frequently implicated in infant diarrhea and is also common among enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains. The most common O26 strains belong to EPEC/EHEC serotype O26:H11 and are generally Shiga toxin (Stx) positive. Stx-negative E. coli strains that are negative for the EPEC EAF plasmid and bundle-forming pilus (Bfp) are classified as atypical EPEC. Here, we report a novel adhesin present in an stx -negative bfpA -negative atypical EPEC O26:H11 strain isolated from an infant with diarrhea. A cloned 15-kb genomic region from this strain, designated the l ocus for d iffuse a dherence ( lda ), confers diffuse adherence on HEp-2 cells when expressed in E. coli K-12. Sequence analysis of lda revealed a G (cid:1) C content of 46.8% and 15 open reading frames sharing homology with the E. coli K88 fae and CS31A clp fimbrial operons. The lda region is part of a putative 26-kb genomic island inserted into the proP gene of the E. coli chromosome. Hybridization studies have demonstrated the prevalence of the minor structural subunit gene, ldaH , across E. coli serogroups O5, O26, O111, and O145. A second plasmid-encoded factor that contributed to the Hep-2 adherence of this strain was also identified but was not characterized. Null mutations that abolish adherence to HEp-2 cells can be restored by plasmid complementation. Antiserum raised against the major structural subunit, LdaG, recognizes a 25-kDa protein from crude heat-extracted protein preparations and inhibits the adherence of the E. coli DH5 (cid:2) lda (cid:1) clone to HEp-2 cells. Electron microscopy revealed a nonfimbrial structure surrounding the bacterial cell.


Arteries from animal sources are readily available which possess physical properties similar to those of human arteries. If chemical or antigenic modification allowed their successful use in man, the difficulties attending the procurement of adequate numbers of normal human arteries for use as grafts would be alleviated. This study is concerned with methods of changing the antigens of equine arterial tissue by partial peptic digestion and the immune response in the dog and man following implantation of equine carotid arteries modified by partial proteolysis. Experiences with these grafts in 16 subjects and the immunologic reactions produced in them form the basis of this report. Previous Work A method of altering the antigens of the equine arterial wall has been previously described. 3 Three-hour digestions of filtrates of horse carotid artery homogenates with a suspension of 0.1% crystalline pepsin in acid buffer at 37 C was found to abolish complement fixation


The loss-of-single-child families in China have reached millions,and the trend still keeps upward.Being unattended in life,losing the economical support and mental pain are the difficulties that loss-of-single-child families have to face,meanwhile the legal protection of loss-of-single-child families is almost blank.Because of the theoretical and legislative limitations,it is not realistic for state compensation now,but as the price of the restrictions of the reproductive rights,it is the basic responsibility of government to make this up.Taking the social compensation fee as the major source of funding for compensation for the loss of the loss-of-single-child families,defining the administrative institution of loss-of-single-child families clearly,establishing special nursing homes for loss-of-single-child families,and revising relevant laws and regulations are the urgent things to do.


This study aimed the development of an IT Balanced Scorecard based on dynamic systems approach – IT DBSC. The research strategy was a single case study about the process of IT strategic management with the use of the BSC in the Brazilian Army's Telematics System (SisTEx), through qualitative and a quantitative modeling. We performed a BSC document analysis and strategic maps of SisTEx's military units, as the researcher participative observer and confirmatory simulation on proof context. The results sustained the established study propositions, according to causal and effect relationships and delay times considered between strategic objectives, which allowed the simulation of the proposed model.


We propose a (trend) stationarity test with a good finite sample size even when a process is (trend) stationary with strong persistence; this is useful for distinguishing between a (trend) stationary process with strong persistence and a unit root process. It could be considered as a modified version of Leybourne and McCabe's test (1994, LMC), but with a different correction method for serial correlation. A Monte Carlo simulation reveals that in terms of empirical size, our test is closer to the nominal one than the original LMC test and is more powerful than the LMC test with size-adjusted critical values.


Objective: to study the ongoing results of sacrohysteropexy with Teflon mesh for treatment of uterovaginal prolapse in women who desire to preserve their uterus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Gynacology department of Nishtar hospital, Multan, POF Hospital Rawalpindi and Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi in one year duration from April 2016 to April 2017. Methodology: A total number of three hundred and eighty two(n=382) patients.Patients who desired to retain their uterus were evaluated by standard questionnaire, general physical examination and opturodynamic techniques. Six main outcome variables were assessed: Stress incontinence, urgency, urge incontinence, prolapse symptoms, constipation and dyspareunia. All these variables were assessed on basis of their severity. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 24. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: in our study we observed outcome variables as stress incontinence, urgency, urge incontinence after sacrohysteropexy, observation was made on basis of relief from symptoms as mild and moderate 28.5% and 0.3%, 15.2% and 8.4%, 8.6% and 9.2% respectively. Constipation was noted as mild, moderate and severe 32.2%, 7.6% and 8.9% respectively.  Dyspareunia was noted as mild and moderate 24.1% and 0.5% respectively. All of these values are lessen when compared with pre-operative baseline values. Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that sacrohysteropexywith Teflon mesh is an effective and successful procedure for patients who were facing uterovaginal prolapse symptoms but desired to retain their uterus for fertility or childbearing. Keywords: Sacrohysteropexy, Uterivaginal prolapse, Teflon mesh, Stress incontinence, Constipation.


Objective To investigate the cause and treatment method of overload fluid in the patients with traumatic shock. Methods A summary was made about 286 patients with traumatic shock who had survived for more than 24 hours.To analyse every case with systemic edema after traumatic shock,and to compare fluid volume of infusion and drainage between survival group and dead group from 1 st to 8th day after injury.Results Among 286 patients,262 (91.6%) had systemic edema,232 (88.5%) survived and 30(11.5%)died.The fluid volume of infusion in the dead group was significantly more than that in the survival group(P<0.05),but fluid volume of drainage in the former was significantly less than that in the latter(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The negative fluid balance in survival group,as the fluid volumes of drainage (600~700 mL) were more than those of infusion,emerged at 4th and 5th day after in- jury (P<0.05 ),but it didn't happen in dead group.Conclusion The overload fluid often occurs during the treatment of the patients with traumatic shock.The increase of fluid volume of drainage and even appearance of negative fluid balance indicated that the patients were on the mend.At this moment,if the patient's vital sings were normal,the balance of input and output shouldn't be emphasized and the large infusion was forbidden.


Hoyle (1957) showed that, for a rigid sphere moving along the line of sight at constant speed, time to collision is approximately equal to the ratio /spl theta//spl theta/, where /spl theta/ is the sphere's angular subtense at the eye. This visual cue is available monocularly. The authors have shown that a sphere's direction of motion in depth can be quantified in terms of the distance by which the sphere will miss the first nodal point of the eye. If one expresses this distance as ns (where s is the sphere's radius, and n is a scaling factor), then n/spl ap//spl phi//spl theta/, where /spl phi/ is the translational velocity of the retinal image. The authors report experimental evidence that the human visual pathway contains neural mechanisms separately sensitive to the ratios /spl theta//spl theta/, /spl phi//spl theta/ and /spl theta/. The authors have measured the ability to detect and recognise texture-defined letters whose visibility was progressively degraded by visual noise. These data were used to test three models, each of which consisted of a sequence of physiologically-plausible stages. In all three models, stage 1 was an array of parallel oriented spatial filters and stage 2 was rectification. The second nonlinear stage was multiplicative local inhibition or subtractive local inhibition or lateral facilitation. Agreement with letter recognition data was close for the two inhibition models and agreement with letter detection data was close for all three models. Agreement with letter recognition data was poor when the second nonlinear stage was omitted.<<ETX>>


The work was part of the European DRIVE II project. A sign was erected at the side of the road conveying collective feedback on the proportion of non-speeding vehicles. The experiment was carried out at two test sites, one 4-lane motorway and one ordinary main road. The experiment was based on the assumption that drivers adopt to a behaviour which they consider to conform to the social norm on the road. Therefore, it is important that they know what is the behaviour of other drivers. The feedback sign led to a reduction of 2.72 km/h on the motorway and of 1.23 km/h on the ordinary road. The sign had a stronger effect on private cars than on heavy vehicles. It was further found that the sign had a speed reducing effect on speeding as well as on non-speeding vehicles. On the motorway it was found that the higher the proportion of non-speeding vehicles, i.e. the figure on the sign, the bigger was the effect of the sign. The feedback on speed did not have any effect on the vehicle spacing. (A)


A contains a mixture of coconut coir pith and horticulturally acceptable surfactants used in order to promote improved wetting and re-wetting of the plant growth medium by processing the plant growth medium, premix compositions are disclosed. Processing method and processed plant growth medium of the plant growth medium utilizing such premix compositions are also disclosed.


Container of the invention is a liquid substance that is accepted as the contents, the plane in which the set includes the contact, and the molding resin and the fluid material is characterized in that it is formed by a resin composition comprising a non-miscible liquid. This has the advantage that the container significantly improves the slipping property of the liquid contents, and is easy to manufacture and at the same time.


A coupled mode and a finite element method are used in numerical simulations of underwater sound propagation in axially symmetric, multilayered environments with penetrable bottom and a number of fluid layers of different acoustic properties, separated by interfaces of general topography. The schemes are compared and applied to test problems with sea-mount type interfaces, and to sloping interface environments.


In this paper, for the first time, we propose a large-broadband orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converter based on helical long period fiber grating (HLPG) working at turning point (TP). Owing to the combination of dual-resonance peaks at TP, an OAM mode converter with 3-dB bandwidth of ~287 nm is readily obtained, and a high coupling efficiency of ~100% is achieved. We believe that this OAM mode converter will play a key role in fiber communication and other fields.


The transient stability limits of power systems are determined by assuming conditions to be constant over short intervals of time and using the results obtained at the end of one interval to vary the conditions at the beginning of the next interval. The analysis is tedious and it is easy to make numerical errors. If a large number of machines is involved, it is essential to use an a.c. network analyser for determining the values of power to be used for the different time intervals, but there is no reduction in the computation labour, and in practice the greater part of the time taken for a study is devoted to the latter. To reduce the computation time and the possibility of numerical errors, the ?step? evaluations can be carried out semi-automatically by using the computer described. Furthermore, by reducing the time interval, greater accuracy can be obtained without an increase in overall time as compared with normal procedure.


To many facilities managers the chance of a major disaster — fire, say, or flood — may seem so remote that the time and expense entailed in planning for it couldn't possibly be justified.


Abstract. –MDV‐1 RNA is a sequenced variant of Q/β RNA. This study analyzed the ultraviolet photosensitivity of the RNA with respect to its activity as template for the Q/β replicase reaction. An assay to measure the template activity is described and the quantum yield for inactivation of the template activity is shown to be 1.1 × 10‐3. Both uridine hydrates and pyrimidine dimers were found in the irradiated RNA. 1.4 hydrates were produced per lethal hit while less than 0.2 dimers were present per lethal hit. The production of uridine hydrates paralleled ultraviolet inactivation. It was concluded that hydrates were the significant lesion in irradiated MDV‐1 RNA.


The authors have implemented the mathematical tools and computational techniques that may render canonical formulation of the inverse problem solvable while compensating for noise, statistical fluctuation of data acquisition, physical effects and geometric distortions in emission tomography. The authors proposed and developed a new reconstruction approach that is based on a Krylov-subspace pixel basis decomposition of the tomographic space. Their strategy obviates the assumption of pixel geometries which may cause systematic and statistical errors. No special feature of the matrix A is assumed and so the authors' solution is general and is independent of detectors's geometry. Krylov-space algorithms are iterative numerical methods for sparse linear and eigenvalue problems. Given a linear system Ax=b, and a number of iterations T, the methods find the vector x/sup (T)//spl isin/K/sub T/ which is closest to z in some appropriate norm, where K/sub T/={b, Ab, A/sup 2/b, ..., A/sup T-1/}. The authors' Krylov techniques are efficient and exploit the architecture of the computing machines to provide optimal performance guarantees. The authors describe a preconditioned Krylov-subspace conjugate gradient (CG) solver for PCR2, a cylindrical emission tomograph built at MGH. The out-of-core Krylov-subspace algorithm minimizes data flow between the computer's primary and secondary memories and improves performance by one order of magnitude when compared to naive implementations relying on paging to perform I/O.


Cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) responsive to external stimuli, such as temperature or light, can be used for color switching or tuning through the change in the cholesteric pitch. This paper presents the thermal control of the transmission property via the phase transition of cholesteric LCs without any change in the cholesteric pitch. We used the chiral smectic A, chiral nematic, and isotropic phases as the transparent, high-haze opaque, and haze-free opaque states of a dye-doped cholesteric LC cell. We showed that the proposed device could be used as a temperature sensor or self-shading smart window for energy saving.


Based upon substantial new research, this book investigates the heterogeneity of experiences of rural and urban indigenous women in Peru during the first two centuries of Spanish colonization. Using wills, as well as other notarial and legal documents, it discusses changes in their working lives and how their identity as "Indians" as well as women was shaped in a multicultural society. From their utilization of colonial law to seek redress, to their creation of urban dress styles that reflected their new positions as consumers and as producers under Spanish rule, the early colonial period witnessed a dramatic upheaval in indigenous women's lives. By analyzing the migration from rural to urban areas, interaction with Spanish as well as African society, and the lives of both plebeians and elites, the author provides a thorough picture of this transformational period.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT.
 Pericardial fat has been associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases. Non-invasive pericardial fat assessment may be performed through cardiac computed tomography (CCT), with a first step being the segmentation of the pericardial layers, followed by the application of a threshold based on HU values. Given that manual pericardium segmentation is expensive, time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability, automatic tools have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare automatic pericardial segmentation methods to manual segmentation by experts. Two automatic methods are compared: a commercial solution by Siemens and a deep learning based solution.
 A subset of 190 patients were randomly selected from the EPICHEART (The influence of EPICardial adipose tissue in HEART diseases) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03280433). All data was anonymized prior to analysis for the purposes of this study. All CCT scans were acquired on a Siemens Somatom Sensation 64 with a slice thickness of 3 mm.
 Manual pericardial segmentation was performed using 3D Slicer [1] by one of the authors (CS). Segmentation was repeated in a subset of 20 cases by CS and by a second observer (FN) to assess inter- and intra-observer variability. Automatic pericardial segmentation was performed using the Cardiac Risk Assessment tool provided within the Syngo.via software by Siemens Healthcare.
 A deep learning based segmentation tool was also developed. Publicly available CCT data with available pericardial segmentation was gathered: the CardiacFat dataset [2] which includes 20 patients acquired on two different scanners (Phillips and Siemens); and the OSIC-Konya dataset [3] which includes 87 pulmonary fibrosis patients. The data was used to train a U-Net architecture [4] for pericardial segmentation in 2D (512x512 pixels). The network was trained with a batch size of 2 and a learning rate of 0.0001 using the Dice loss.
 Excellent intra- and interobserver agreement was obtained with a Dice of 0.908 and 0.873 respectively and a mean absolute distance (MAD) between contours of 2.23 and 3.18mm respectively. The automatic Siemens and U-Net methods obtained however significantly lower performance with a Dice of 0.776 and 0.773 respectively and an MAD of 6.47 and 6.72mm respectively.
 In conclusion, both automatic solutions showed significantly lower performance in an external dataset when compared to manual pericardium segmentation, which could hinder their applicability in clinical studies to assess pericardial fat. Particularly for deep learning methods, generalization to external datasets is known to be challenging. The use of publicly available data and a vanilla architecture means that this approach can be replicated by any researcher, however, training with additional data and using more advanced architectures could yield improved results and enable the use of automatic deep learning methods in large clinical studies.


Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 stated atovaquone‐proguanil can be used in travellers, and is an option in malaria‐endemic areas in combination with artesunate, as an alternative treatment where first‐line artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) is not available or effective. This review is an update of a Cochrane Review undertaken in 2005. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of atovaquone‐proguanil (alone and in combination with artemisinin drugs) versus other antimalarial drugs for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults and children. Search methods The date of the last trial search was 30 January 2020. Search locations for published trials included the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS. To include recently published and unpublished trials, we also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, the metaRegister of Controlled Trials and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy and safety data for atovaquone‐proguanil or atovaquone‐proguanil with a partner drug compared with at least one other antimalarial drug for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection. Data collection and analysis For this update, two review authors re‐extracted data and assessed certainty of evidence. We meta‐analyzed data to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for treatment failures between comparisons, and for safety outcomes between and across comparisons. Outcome measures include unadjusted treatment failures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐adjusted treatment failures. PCR adjustment differentiates new infection from recrudescent infection. Main results Seventeen RCTs met our inclusion criteria providing 4763 adults and children from Africa, South‐America, and South‐East Asia. Eight trials reported PCR‐adjusted data to distinguish between new and recrudescent infection during the follow‐up period. In this abstract, we report only the comparisons against the three WHO‐recommended antimalarials which were included within these trials. There were two comparisons with artemether‐lumefantrine, one trial from 2008 in Ethiopia with 60 participants had two failures with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to none with artemether‐lumefantrine (PCR‐adjusted treatment failures at day 28). A second trial from 2012 in Colombia with 208 participants had one failure in each arm (PCR‐adjusted treatment failures at day 42). There was only one comparison with artesunate‐amodiaquine from a 2014 trial conducted in Cameroon. There were six failures with atovaquone‐proguanil at day 28 and two with artesunate‐amodiaquine (PCR‐adjusted treatment failures at day 28: 9.4% with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to 2.9% with artesunate‐amodiaquine; RR 3.19, 95% CI 0.67 to 15.22; 1 RCT, 132 participants; low‐certainty evidence), although there was a similar number of PCR‐unadjusted treatment failures (9 (14.1%) with atovaquone‐proguanil and 8 (11.8%) with artesunate‐amodiaquine; RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.49 to 2.91; 1 RCT, 132 participants; low‐certainty evidence). There were two comparisons with artesunate‐mefloquine from a 2012 trial in Colombia and a 2002 trial in Thailand where there are high levels of multi‐resistant malaria. There were similar numbers of PCR‐adjusted treatment failures between groups at day 42 (2.7% with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to 2.4% with artesunate‐mefloquine; RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.34; 2 RCTs, 1168 participants; high‐certainty evidence). There were also similar PCR‐unadjusted treatment failures between groups (5.3% with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to 6.6% with artesunate‐mefloquine; RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.3; 1 RCT, 1063 participants; low‐certainty evidence). When atovaquone‐proguanil was combined with artesunate, there were fewer treatment failures with and without PCR‐adjustment at day 28 (PCR‐adjusted treatment failures at day 28: 2.16% with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to no failures with artesunate‐atovaquone‐proguanil; RR 5.14, 95% CI 0.61 to 43.52; 2 RCTs, 375 participants, low‐certainty evidence) and day 42 (PCR‐adjusted treatment failures at day 42: 3.82% with atovaquone‐proguanil compared to 2.05% with artesunate‐atovaquone‐proguanil (RR 1.84, 95% CI 0.95 to 3.56; 2 RCTs, 1258 participants, moderate‐certainty evidence). In the 2002 trial in Thailand, there were fewer treatment failures in the artesunate‐atovaquone‐proguanil group compared to the atovaquone‐proguanil group at day 42 with PCR‐adjustment. Whilst there were some small differences in which adverse events were more frequent in the atovaquone‐proguanil groups compared to comparator drugs, there were no recurrent associations to suggest that atovaquone‐proguanil is strongly associated with any specific adverse event. Authors' conclusions Atovaquone‐proguanil was effective against uncomplicated P falciparum malaria, although in some instances treatment failure rates were between 5% and 10%. The addition of artesunate to atovaquone‐proguanil may reduce treatment failure rates. Artesunate‐atovaquone‐proguanil and the development of parasite resistance may represent an area for further research.


This study focuses on the soil in Jiangnan city in China using multi-target geochemical survey data, with statistical methods and Arcgis platform, together with classification map of agricultural land as the base map. We calculate the content of heavy metals in each plot using: the single factor pollution index method, Nemerow pollution index and the potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the risk of 7 kinds of soil heavy metal content. The average contents of some metals investigated were lower than the cultivated soil background values of China. The area of cultivated soil affected by human activities is not obvious. The single pollution index of heavy metals in order of size is Hg<Cu<Cd<Zn<Cr>As<Pb. Cultivated soil environmental quality of farmland with Nemerow pollution index of 0.66 0.69, shows that the area of cultivated soil pollution belonging to no pollution degree. In a handful of cultivated soil areas, heavy metal content and evaluation unit were used to achieve medium ecological risk level of the content of heavy metal element. Others are mild ecological hazards. Cultivated land soil ecological risk does not exist in general.


Stages of reforming interbudget relationships in Russian Federation have been methodized. Tendencies, problems and perspectives of organizing transfer traffics between Federal centre, regions and municipalities have been explored. Possible ways of solving the problems in the field of interbudget relationships were stated.


This paper compares economic policy characteristics of two developmentalist experiences in Latin America: the first Vargas administration (Brazil, 1930-1945) and the Peron administration (Argentina, 1946-1955). Although certain similarities exist between them (which are usually stressed in the literature), this article seeks to reveal some differences that are economic in nature. While Vargas focused on measures that would change the country's economic structure and with an emphasis on industrialization, Peron prioritized income distribution more than any changes to the economic model that had been implemented before his administration took office.


A device for the controlled release of active substances in liquid media from an active substance-containing matrix exhibiting active substance releasing-surfaces has, the active substance releasing surfaces of the matrix covered, at least partially, by an erodible mass of solids; the thickness of the erodible mass across its extent on the active substance releasing-areas is determined by gradients.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the construct validity of FACES III in spanish (México).

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study, descriptive, confirmatory.

SETTING
Mexico City, South of Federal District, Tlalpan area, divided into geo- statistical zones of a primary care unit.

PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A random sample of 270 families selected in their dwellings with proportional coverage based on 17 895 dwellings of the influence area. Measurements and main results. Domicile survey applying FACES III (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales) in spanish, México. Twelve criteria for evaluate the construct validity of FACES III trough confirmatory factor analysis were established by the researchers. Eight criteria were surpassing appropriately and four do not surpass the minimum values established.

CONCLUSIONS
FACES III in spanish (México) is an instrument with reliability of 70% with Cronbach alfa and validity measured using confirmatory Factor Analysis. Nevertheless, we found four limitations that should be analyzed and evaluated in the planning of future studies.


In India, rice is cultivated across the length and width of the country occupying about 43.39 million hectares area under four major eco systems i.e. irrigated (21 million ha), rain fed lowland (14.2 million ha), rain fed upland (6.3 million ha) and flood-prone (3.1 million ha) with total production of 104.32 million tones and average productivity of 2.4 t ha1 . Whereas in Bihar Rice is cultivated in 3.21 million hectares with total production of 6.49 million tonnes (DAC&FW 2016). In irrigated areas, rice-wheat, rice-rice, rice-sugarcane, rice-groundnut, rice-vegetables and ricemustard are important crop rotations whereas in rain fed areas, rice-pulses, rice-sunflower, rice-sesame and rice-fallows are prevalent. Rice is the principal crop during kharif (rainy) season in India. The crop occupies an area of over 40 million ha. This area is not fully utilized for crop production in the subsequent rabi (post rainy) season; about 12 million ha remains fallow (Subbarao et al., 2001). This unutilized area offers enormous opportunities to overcome the problem of food and nutritional insecurity. Accomplishing household food security remains the primary concern though at the national level India has piled up a huge stock (about 60 million t) of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Information on the observed and projected re- gional climate (changes) is in demand for assessing climate impacts and developing relevant adaptation strategies. Par- ticularly climate information related to future change is connected with considerable uncertainties that practicioners often perceice as paralyzing. Here, we introduce the ap- proach of providing climate data and related services within the German climate adaptation project REGKLAM (de- veloping and testing an integrated regional climate adapta- tion program for the model region Dresden). Selected challenges and some possible solutions are discussed to share experiences with forthcoming regional climate adap- tation projects.


This study was aimed to determine the occurrence of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-55 producing Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples in West Java, Indonesia.  A total of 129 milk samples were collected from diary farms from March to April 2016.  Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli was detected by disc diffusion test based on the recommendation from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.  Bacterial strains which were confirmed as producing ESBLs were further analyzed for the presence of bla genes of the ESBL by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  The results showed that CTX-M producing E. coli isolates were detected in 4 samples from 129 samples (3.1%).  The β-lactamase genes detected included CTX-M-15 (n = 3) and CTX-M-55 (n = 1).  All of the CTX-M producing E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes to at least three antibiotics.  The highest incidence of antibiotics resistance was against penicillin G (100.0%), followed by streptomycin (75.0%), gentamicin (75.0%), tetracycline (75.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50.0%), polymyxin B (25.0%), ciprofloxacin (0.0%), and enrofloxacin (0.0%).  The occurance of CTX-M ESBL in milk could be a threat towards public health because its ability to spread resistant gene to the environment, food, human, animal and other pathogenic bacteria.


In this paper we present a new Identity Authentication Protocol in GSM Network Environment with arithmetic AES to prevent the attacks on GSM network. This protocol is easy to carry out.It uses arithmetic AES only and need not change the database of GSM at all. The process of Identity Authentication is just similar to the process of GSM. The advantages of this protocol are higher security, low computational complexity and fewer parameters of transmission. The security and the efficiency analysis are given at the end of this paper.


The book under review 'consists of the proceedings of an international conference on "European Law in Context: Constitutional Dimensions of the European Economic Integration", held at the European University Institute in Florence on 14-15 April 1994'.1 Let me start the review with three general points of criticism. First, published in 1996, some ofthe contributions, and even some ofthe subject matters, have inevitably lost some of their original freshness. 2 It is a pity that a book with contributions, many of which were, at the time, of great topical interest hits the (internal) market only after such a significant delay.


Activation of the rhenium polyhydrides ReH5(PPh3)2L(L = monodentate ligand) and Re2H8(PPh3)4 has been achieved through their protonation (using HBF4), the formation of solvento-complexes, and their oxidation to reactive paramagnetic cations, strategies which have led to a range of novel species, including [ReH(NCMe)3(PPh3)2L]2+, and [Re2H5(PPh3)4(CNBut)2]+ together with their '17-electron' paramagnetic congeners.


the problem of multi-target multi-sensor management for tracking midcourse targets using sensors located on the low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is studied. The coverage model of tracking sensor and the satellite-borne infrared sensor measurement model are reviewed. The sensor management algorithm for tracking multi-target is studied by using the covariance control strategy. The optimistic model aiming to minimize the switch of sensors during tracking period is established. Furthermore, the detailed management algorithm is presented. The numerical simulations are implemented to confirm that the proposed management algorithm is provided with the feasibility, superiority and adaptability confronted with the scenario with varying number of targets. Comparison with the algorithm based on PCRLB shows that it provides with a scheduling order which makes the sensors less relocated from the targets.


In this paper, we overview cluster security research underway at Mississippi State University (MSU) and focus on one particular effort involving a process to model system vulnerabilities and possible exploitations in specific cluster environments using exploitation graphs (e-graphs). Cluster security research at MSU has included attacks against clusters, anomaly detection, sensor fusion, VGLI security functionality in clusters, and the use of known system vulnerability data, system configuration data, and vulnerability scanner results to create e-graphs to model possible attack scenarios. The use of e-graphs is helpful in determining attacker work factor analysis, cost/benefit analysis of security, detection of attacks, and identification of critical vulnerabilities


An important rhetorical figure has been called the majāz ῾aqlī (lit. "intellectual trope") by some classical rhetoricians, mainly by ῾Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078). Despite its importance, which will be clarified below, the intellectual trope has been ignored in modern research in comparison to other rhetorical figures such as the metaphor and simile which are frequently in the spotlight. In this paper, I will analyse the notion of the majāz ῾aqlī as used by ῾Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī who was the first rhetorician to deal with this figure of speech in detail; then I will discuss its semantic aspects in classical Arabic poetry as manifested in an episode on wine composed by Abū Dhu᾿ayb al- Hudhalī (d. 28/649).


As carmakers pile on the telematics, they create ever-increasing demands on the driver's attention. John Hansman of MIT has the idea of the "dark cockpit", where everything is hidden from view until it becomes important


Calculations of the transient charging currents to an insulating surface exposed to a dc discharge after the application of a pulse bias to the insulating surface are made based on a quasistatic treatment of the sheath's impedance as a nonlinear dc resistance. Measurements of these transient charging currents are shown to correlate with the calculated transient currents for the experimental conditions used in this study. Discussion is then provided to indicate the limits on the pulse, plasma, and coupling conditions in which this quasistatic, dc treatment of the sheath's response to the applied pulse remains valid.


In order to determine the effectiveness of a reciprocal teaching procedure, a study examined the effects of instruction in metacognitive techniques on the reading comprehension of technical students. Ideas were 150 male students in a post-secondary occupational training program in diesel mechanics. A 4-part metacognitive process was taught and practiced in six sessions over a 2-week period through reciprocal teaching with one experimental group (requiring students to assume the role of teacher in a round-robin activity), and through conventional teacher-centered whole class instruction with another. Control groups either read or engaged in non-reading activities during the experiment. Preand posttests were administered immediately and after 5 weeks, along with other posttest comprehension measures. Results obtained immediately after intervention supported the effectiveness of the 4-part comprehension strategy, but favored neither instructional method. After 5 weeks, no differences in reading comprehension were shown among all four groups on follow-up measures ektvised by the experimenters, while the posttest showed significant differences favoring the experimental group which received convertional instruction. (One table of data is included.) (SR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********ft******** ***** ***********************************************


The structure of the title peptide, C25H27N3O5, has been determined and its conformation analysed. Values of the standard peptide torsion angles are φ1 = −44.2 (3)°, ψ1 = 135.9 (2)°, φ2 = −141.6 (2)° and ψ2T = 168.0 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by an intermolecular hydrogen bond, with an N⋯O distance of 2.919 (3) A, which is formed between screw-axis-related NH and CO groups of dehydrovaline residues.


Changes in the hydrological cycle and water resources are inevitable consequences of environmental change, and runoff is an important element of the hydrological cycle. Therefore, the assessment of runoff changes is crucial for water resources management and socio-economic development. As an inland river basin in the arid zone of northwest China, the Shiyang River Basin is very vulnerable to environmental changes. Consequently, this study evaluated the past runoff evolution of the Shiyang River basin using a variety of statistical tools. In addition, the improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to predict runoff trends from 2019 to 2050 under potential future climate change and land use projection scenarios in the future for the Shiyang River Basin. In the inland river basins, water resources mainly come from headwaters of the rivers in the upper mountainous regions, where they are more sensitive. Therefore, this study not only examined the mainstream of the Shiyang River, but also the six tributaries in the upper stream. The results indicate that the mainstream of the Shiyang River Basin and its six upstream tributaries all showed declining trends from the 1950s to 2019, and most of the rivers will continue to insignificantly decrease until 2050. Furthermore, there are two main timescales for runoff in the past as well as future: one is around 40 years and another is 20-30 years. In the meantime, the Shiyang River and its tributaries have relatively consistent change characteristics. The results of this study will provide assistance to basin management agencies in developing more appropriate water resource management plans.


This study aims to determine the factors that affect the quality of financial reports for MSME actors in Bengkulu City based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) which are the current financial reporting standards for MSMEs. Bookkeeping of business activities is a financial report that separates business assets from non-business assets, there are still many MSME actors who have not made books in accordance with standards. In general, MSME actors keep simple financial records so that these records do not reflect the actual financial status of the business. Many MSME actors are still negligent in preparing their business financial statements, making it difficult to get financing from banks. Financial reports are needed to determine the company's profit or loss, assets, liabilities, and capital control, as well as planning for the efficiency of expenditures that occur, all of which act as decision-making tools for business development. The study used three independent variables, namely Education Level (X1), Business Scale (X2), Business Length (X3), and one dependent variable, namely the quality of financial reports. The sample of MSMEs studied were MSMEs in Singaran Pati District, Bengkulu City with a total population of 344 MSMEs. The results of the study show that the variables of education level, business scale and length of business are factors that affect the quality of financial reports for MSME actors in Bengkulu City. From the results of the analysis of data testing on these 3 variables, the MSA value for education level has an MSA value of 0.683, Business scale has an MSA value of 0.698, and the length of business has an MSA value of 0.674.


Eucalyptus macarthurii is an important species in forestry in South Africa, as it is the most frost tolerant of the eucalypts grown in this country. In this investigation, growth characteristics (diameter under bark, diameter over bark, bark thickness, bark stripping, stem form, height and basic wood density) of second generation Eucalyptus macarthurii families were evaluated at Pinewoods and Vlakkloof sites in South Africa. Genetic and phenotypic correlations, heritabilities and genetic gains were calculated. Results showed that increased diameter and improvements in stem form have been made in this species through selection and breeding. Genotype by environment interaction was found indicated that different populations should perhaps be developed independently of site types. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of diameter under bark and diameter over bark were (0.91 and 0.96; 0.98 and 0.99 at Pinewoods and Vlakkloof sites respectively, which indicated that selecting for increased diameter over bark will result in increased diameter under bark. These correlations indicated that, selection of one trait could lead to a positive indirect selection for the other traits. At Vlakkloof, stem form improved with increasing diameter. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.03 to 0.23 at both sites for progeny trial E76/P1, and 0.09 to 0.12 for progeny trial E76/P2 at both sites which was within the normal Eucalyptus range, which will results in good response in selecting for best performing individuals with good traits for the next generation. The predicted gains for all traits found at Pinewoods were higher than those at Vlakkloof for progeny trials E76/P1, except height for progeny trial E76/P2, which was lower at Pinewoods (2.09m) and higher at Vlakkloof (3.52m), therefore, selecting for taller trees can be achieved at both sites but better genetic gains can highly achieved at Vlakkloof site. The overall, predicted and actual gains will result in moderate to high genetic gains in the next generation. These results gave a wide scope of increased in traits variation within and between sites, which can be used in selecting for future traits in the forestry breeding programmes.


The temperature stability of cubic TiO1.05 titanium monooxide is investigated. An in situ X ray structural analysis is performed using synchrotron radiation in a high temperature vacuum chamber. It is found that under poor vacuum and at high heating rates of up to 1250°C, the structural transformations in TiO1.05 occur at 630°C. In particular, there is a phase transition from TiO1.05 (space group Fm 3m) to rhom bohedraic Ti2O3 (space group R 3c) via Ti2.5O3 (space group Immm). DOI: 10.3103/S1062873813020378


Background: Scrub Typhus is an important cause of acute febrile illness that is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted by bite of
larval stage (chigger) of a trombiculid mite. Scrub typhus is a zoonosis.
Material and methods:-This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in Department of Paediatrics, Balchikitsalaya, MB Govt.
Hospital, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan over a period of 21 months from October 2019 to June 2021. All children aged 1 month to 18
years admitted with fever with serologically conrmed Scrub Typhus test(Positive IgM ELISA) were included in the study. A detailed history was
recorded, Clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, laboratory ndings, complications, and outcome of patients were recorded on a
prestructured proforma.
Results:- During study period 152 children had scrub typhus and fullling inclusion criteria were included in the study. All children presented with
fever. Other common symptom were vomiting(65.78%) ,headache(42.10%) ,abdominal pain (37.50%), bodyache(25%) , altered
sensorium(22.36%) and cough(21.71%) . Most common examination nding was fever in all the children, pallor (74.34%), oedema (50%),
tachypnea (43.42%), hypotension(38.81%), rash(32.89%), hepatomegaly(29.60%), facial pufness(28.94%) and Eschar (7.89%) were other
common ndings. Doxycycline, azithromycin or chloramphenicol were used for treatment.
Conclusion:- Scrub Typhus is one of the common cause of acute febrile illness in children. A high degree of suspicion, a search for an eschar and
knowledge of geographical distribution of rickettsial diseases is crucial for its early diagnosis ,treatment and favourable outcome.


Previous empirical studies have demonstrated the positive incentive effects of private performance feedback as well as public recognition on work performance. In our laboratory experiments, we directly compare these two feedback schemes. Moreover, we compare their incentive effects across two real‐effort tasks that differ in regard to how interesting the subjects perceive working on them. We find that both feedback schemes lead to performance increases compared to the tasks' respective control treatments. In particular subjects' ability and a positive interim feedback enhance performance. Competitive preferences significantly affect performance only in the less enjoyable and challenging task.


Requirements for stability of dielectric properties, manufacturability and suitability for use in hybrid technologies highlight deficiencies in current material solutions. The industry must break from its dependence on the polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) and highly filled hydrocarbon based material solutions towards a newer set of high glass transition temperature (Tg) thermoset materials introduced to address current and future material needs.


Rice blast caused by the fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph: Pyricularia grisea) limits rice yield in all major rice-growing regions of the world, especially in irrigated lands and dry upland environments where predisposition factors favour disease development to epidemic proportions. Deployment of host resistance is by far the most effective means of control. The dynamic evolution of the blast fungus in response to different rice genotypes complicates breeding for blast resistance. In order to prolong the useful life of resistance genes, a knowledge of population genetics and evolutionary biology of the pathogen is r equired. The population structure and virulence composition of the blast fungus have been analysed in terms of genetic diversity, fertility and virulence characteristics. A global atlas of M. grisea and a rice blast database have been constructed based on the information. This report discusses the molecular tools that have been used for characterizing M. grisea populations in epidemic areas and describes how the molecular data generated through these methods are linked to breeding for durable blast resistance. Molecular breeding approach has been deployed in several countries across the world including India for the improvement of blast resistance in high-yielding commercial rice cultivars.


Purpose: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of semen strychni total alkaloid microcapsules (SSTAM), compared with semen strychni total alkaloids (SSTA).
Methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to assess pharmacokinetics of brucine and strychnine in rats. Acute toxicity was investigated in pre-test and formal experiments in mice. The pharmacodynamics of SSTAM and SSTA were evaluated by their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Results: With respect to brucine, the half-life of SSTA group (1.6 mg/kg), low-dose SSTAM group (6 mg/kg) and high-dose SSTAM group (10 mg/kg) was 5.723, 9.321 and 9.025 h, respectively. With respect to strychnine, the half-life of SSTA group, low-dose SSTAM group and high-dose SSTAM group was 4.065, 8.819 and 8.654 h, respectively. The LD50 values of SSTAM group and SSTA group were 236.59 and 30.27 mg/kg, respectively. The pain inhibition rates of SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of SSTA group (p < 0.05) while the pain threshold values of the SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of blank control (p < 0.01) and SSTA groups (p < 0.01) at 60 min and 120 min. The inhibition rates of the SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of SSTA group based on ear swelling and cotton ball granulation tests. Compared with blank control and SSTA groups, the absorbance values of SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were lower (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: SSTAM increases the dosage of administration but reducea the toxicity of the alkaloids in rats, and is thus a potentially safe and effective drug delivery system.


In common LCL-filtered grid connected inverters, the sampling frequency will decrease in a low-switching frequency system, which will cause problems of current control. On one hand, the control delay will seriously influence the frequency response of system. And on the other, the effectiveness of active damping for LCL system will be challenged. To solve these problems, a method of applying high sampling frequency in the low-switching-frequency system is introduced in this paper. As high sampling frequency employed, control delay is reduced, and the effect on the design from low discrete frequency is minimized. In a 3kHz- switching-frequency LCL-filtered system with active damping and repetitive control involved, the controllers are design under 15kHz sampling frequency. Simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method.


Objective:To investigate the prevention and treatment of perioperative complication during endovascular treatment for iliac artery stenosis or occlusion of arteriosclerosis.Methods:130 iliac arteries lesion in 105 patients received endovascular treatment from June,2006 to June,2010.Results: All procedures were completed successfully except 2 iliac arteries occlusion.Ankle-brachial index(ABI) increased from(0.46 ± 0.28) to(0.79 ± 0.22),there was a significant difference(P0.01).Operative complications rate was 14.2%,including 1 acute myocardium infarction and 1 pulmonary infection before operation,1 iliac artery rupture and 2 contralateral limb arteries embolism during operation,2 brachial arteries thrombosis,2 femoral arteries pseudoaneurysm,4 groin hematomas,2 pulmonary infection and 2 alimentary tract hemorrhage after operation.1 patient died of stress ulcer and alimentary tract hemorrhage,and multiple organs failure,perioperative period mortality was 0.9%.The primary patency was 94.3%,the second patency was 100%.Conclusion: Good results were found in iliac arteriosclerosis patients treated with endovascular technique,local and systemic perioperative complications should be avoided as few as possible.


The effects of power system harmonics are becoming more and more important as the number of rectifier controlled motors, discharge lamps, and television equipment grows in industrial and utility power systems.The author describes how a modular expert system for measurement and analysis of power system harmonics and electromagnetic compatibility was developed. The system is capable of sampling up to eight channels (either voltage or current) with a sampling frequency of 30 kHz. The measured and digitized values are stored on a hard disk. Discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) analysis may be carried out online for preliminary evaluation and display of the harmonics. This modular, PC-based system may be applied to a variety of industrial and utility electric system analysis tasks, and also used in education.<<ETX>>


Canonical ensemble molecular dynamics is used to investigate the formation of small crystallites in slit-like pores with crystalline walls of (100) fcc symmetry. We study the influence of the pore width and the energetic parameters of the fluid particle-pore wall potential on the structure of the frozen droplets. We analyse the density profiles, in-plane radial distribution functions, in-plane diffusion coefficients, the distributions of Voronoi polygons, as well as the snapshots of consecutive configurations.


Studying news media literacy and finding ways to improve it is extremely important in an age of information crisis. Games are a tool which allows teaching children in news making scenarios in an enjoyable way. Some researchers have been studying how games can contribute to improve news literacy. However most of those studies only consider games for college students (Aayeshah, 2012; Bogost, Ferrari, & Schweizer, 2010; Cameron, 2004; Frasca, 2003). There is a lack in the literature examining news literacy games for younger children, even though a few of those games exist too. This paper proposes to do a qualitative formative evaluation of six news literacy games for children, displayed at the Newseum in Washington D.C. (Digital Stemworks, 2013). We examined how game elements were incorporated to teach news literacy. We were particularly interested in seeking if the learning principles for news literacy education suggested by Renee Hobbs (2010) were followed and how. Our findings show that most of those principles were indeed present. For example, some games use real live case scenarios establishing a bridge between the learning experience and the world. With the renovated and growth interest in news literacy education, people may expect that more games of this sort will be created. Our work extends knowledge of how news literacy is being approached in interactive digital platforms and, ultimately, how those approaches can be improved.


The celsius article analyzes the phenomenon of the cultural values of the Kyzylorda region in the context of the phenomenon of the phenomenon, which is related to the differentiated values of social phenomena investigated. There are also analyzed the results and presented the critical assessment of ethnicity in the ethno-social space. In the context of the context of social phenomena in the field of cultural self-efficacy, the region has a great deal of importance in the field of science, focusing on the emphasis on the excellence, as well as predetermined predictors of social and philosophical methodology. The authors analyse modern aspects of methodological approaches to the study of culture values. In the article authors consider essence in the formation of culture values. The original cultural values in the Syr-Darya region have a unique cultural and anthropological analysis of their potential trends in socialcultural models in ethnicity self-actualization in modern Kazakhstan.


Ecological classificafion systems range over a variety of scales and reflect a variety of scientific viewpoints. They incorporate or emphasize varied arrays of environmental factors. Ecological classifications have been developed for marine, wetland, lake, stream, and terrestrial ecosystems. What are the benefits of ecological classification for natural resource management planning and implementation?


Abstract
In this article, I propose a theory of network opportunity emergence. The core of the argument is that as an overall industry network structure becomes centralized, opportunities emerge for new entrants. As the institutional environment evolves toward a centralized network flow structure, innovators can identify newly emerged rich resource niches that serve as the perfect breeding ground for an entrepreneurial start-up. While the framework is an aggregate level conceptualization of market opportunities, it also identifies specific actionable opportunities at a very micro level. Examples from the networks of the airline industry illustrate the logic. I conclude by discussing the innovation and entrepreneurship implications for a wide variety of industries and network tie types, calling for utilization of the framework to answer a broad variety of research questions.


Considered the integrate of forward and reverse logistics, the separability of recycle products, the timeliness of recycle products, the paper established a location-routing-inventory control optimization model with batch transportation of recycle products. A matching hybrid genetic algorithm containing heuristic rule was introduced according the characteristics above. The algorithm used three-stage real-code that represents the transport order of vehicles. And the quantity of new products and recycle products will be determined too. The unreasonable solution will be eliminated in the iterative process of genetic algorithm. The simulated test analysis shows the validity and the correctness of the model and algorithm.


As the age of the elderly patients are getting increased, the health factors are also getting affected. By the drastic increase of the human being population, the health factor has to be checked and monitored accordingly. One of the main factors which have to be monitored is the heart rate. Heart rate is said to be the rate of which the heart beat per minute. Heart arrhythmia/ irregular heartbeat can cause heart stroke which causes fatal too. Heart stroke occurs based upon the vibratory state of the heartbeat. If the Heartbeat is mild when compared to the normal heart beat, then the pulse rate is low for the patient. If the Heartbeat is irregular which can vibrate in high stroke then it is strong heart stroke/ severe cardiac arrest where the blood flow is excessive to the artery. Based upon the heart stroke, the range of cardiac arrest can be detected. Blood pressure is also maintained identify the flow of excessive flow. By detecting both the heart rate and blood pressure state, the stroke can be detected. In this novel paper, describe the way of identifying different variations in the heartbeat and blood pressure using machine learning approach. Supervised learning classifies the data in comparative analysis by using SVM, random regression and other techniques. These compares the statistical data of the previous data report by classifying and comparing the data into a statistical report via application.


A RP-HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of glipizide (GLP). The proposed method is based on the separation of the drug in reversed-phase mode using BDS HYPERSIL C18 (4.6 mmø×250 mm) analytical column, mobile phase methanol:water 70:30 V/V, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and detection wavelength 222 nm. GLP was well resolved and retained at t = 3.86 minutes. This RP-HPLC method was validated as per the recommendations of ICH Revised Q2(R1) guidelines of analytical method validation, in order to prove that the new analytical method meets the reliability characteristics. The method characteristics showed the capacity of an analytical method to keep, all over the time, the basic standards for validation: selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity. The method was found linear over the range 1-7 µg mL-1. The LOD and LOQ were 0.5281 and 1.761 µg mL-1 for GLP. The validated method was successfully used for quantitative estimation(assay) of GLP from in-house formulation and marketed formulations.


Cardiac-locomotor coupling (CLC), referring to the 1:1 synchronization of heart rate (HR) by locomotion, has not been satisfactorily explained as yet. Recent neuroanatomical research has shown that ergoreceptors have projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii, a brainstem structure where baroreceptor afferents also terminate. We have attempted to induce and demonstrate fictive CLC in 15 healthy young men in supine posture. Somatosensory ergoreceptor stimulation achieved by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at the feet at 1:2 HR/TENS ratio. The synchrogram tool was used to quantify synchronization, which was significant though weak in two separate sessions (3.1+/-0.1%, p<0.02 and 1.8+/-0.1%, p<0.04). These figures contain high level of occasional coincidence of frequencies (OCF) effect, emphasizing the caution required in any study aimed at quantifying synchronization. Future protocol will include 1:1 ratio in standing posture.


Fabrication and characterisation of proton exchanged planar optical waveguides in Y-cut ZnO:LiNbO3 crystal using adipic acid as proton source are reported in this paper. These waveguides have a linear-step index profile with a surface index increase of 0.138 at the wavelength of 0.633 µ m. The activation energy Q and diffusion constant D0 for the proton exchange process are characterised optically to be 95.32 KJ/mol and 9.61×109 µ m2/h. A critical thickness of about 2 µ m for proton exchanged y-cut ZnO:LiNbO3 waveguides is optically determined in our experiments. Surface damage is observed for those waveguides with layer thickness larger than this critical value. The strains in y-cut waveguides are measured by using double-crystal X-ray symmetric and asymmetric diffraction method. Based on the measured data, an explanation is given for the surface damage occurred on y-cut samples.