The scope of this article is to present exploratory research into factors that influence purchasing frequency in virtual bookstores in Brazil. Despite the growth in volume of sales via electronic commerce and recognition of the importance of purchasing frequency by clients for the profitability of companies, little research has been conducted into the factors that motivate purchasing frequency via the Internet in Brazil. A survey was drawn up, based on an interval scale of attitude measurement, assembling 33 potentially influential variables on purchasing frequency. The data, obtained from a sample of 84 people, was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, revealing 12 items gathered into three influential factors on purchasing frequency in virtual bookstores: (i) services and convenience of the site, (ii) promotion, and (iii) price. In conclusion, after identification of these factors, three propositions for explaining purchasing frequency in virtual bookstores in Brazil are presented in order that they can be rigorously tested in future research. INTRODUCTION The retail sector is currently experiencing a period of profound turmoil. Concerned at missing out on new business opportunities, companies are investing in the Internet as an additional sales channel. However, it is almost impossible to predict if traditional strategies will be profitable when applied to the Internet. One thing is abundantly clear, namely that electronic commerce has altered the ground rules across the board with respect to competitive advantage in the retail world (Chan et al., 2001). For the consumer the main advantages of electronic commerce over traditional commerce are convenience, information and practicality. On the other hand, the main disadvantages of electronic commerce in comparison with normal retail stores are the waiting period for receiving the product and the impossibility of any physical handling of the merchandise prior to purchase (Laudon & Traver, 2006). For Reedy et al. (2003), the Internet causes an impact on commercial activity in the following ways: (i) by reducing the transaction cost and stimulating economic activity; (ii) by creating new commercial opportunities thanks to the extent, accessibility and speed of access to information; and (iii) by transferring the power of vendors to purchasers. This new relationship between companies and clients has created different consumer habits such that for companies to remain competitive in the arena of electronic commerce they have to rethink their marketing strategies. Corporate marketing strategies in the virtual retail world are not merely focused on the client, as it is necessary to develop a relationship based more on partnership (Siegel, 1999). Joia & Rodrigues Purchasing Frequency in Virtual Bookstores in Brazil 2 This need for a medium or long-term relationship with the client is explained by the importance that purchasing frequency has for the economic success of commercialization via the Web. The acquisition of clients on the Web is time consuming and, unless these clients make repeated purchases, profits become unviable (Reichheld, 2003). Thus, the scope of this article is to present an exploratory study into the factors that influence purchasing frequency of consumers via the Internet in Brazil, as, despite the number of people who make virtual purchases being on the increase and the clear potential of electronic commerce and the challenges involved, little research in Brazil has been conducted with respect to the factors that motivate frequency of purchases via the Internet. More specifically, this research will be conducted in the sector of virtual bookstores in Brazil. This sector was chosen as one of those growing the fastest in the world in terms of volume of sales via the Internet, and the great competitiveness that characterizes it (Turban et al., 2005). BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW Consumer Behavior on the Web For Brondmo (2002), relationships between the Client and the Company fall into a predictable cycle of four stages: (i) Awareness, (ii) Permission, (iii) Involvement, and (iv) Loyalty. In order to get the client's attention, it is necessary to have promotional actions that should be aligned to the marketing planning of the company and based on the type of relationship that one seeks to develop with the client (Brondmo, 2002). By facilitating dialog between company and client, the Internet makes it even more important to get the client's attention. The content of the site should be sufficiently attractive to lead people to want to visit, highlighting the importance of making relevant information available to clients (Cheung et al., 2003). Once the company has aroused the client's awareness, it should request permission for communication. The goal at this stage is to stimulate the interest of potential clients in establishing a relationship with the company (Moustakas et al. 2005; Sipior et al., 2004; Joines et al., 2003). At this stage, the initiative for a commercial contact with the client should come from the company that will transmit content to this prospective client (Turban et al., 2005). One example of the application of this type of technology is e-mail, when used for sending publicity material. Request for permission from the consumer for the transmission of information helps to build up a relationship of trust, which the consumer wants and values (Huang et al., 2005). In the process of involvement with the client, the diversity of information existing on the product becomes relevant in that the Internet is a means that does not stimulate impulse purchases (Reedy et al., 2003). Therefore, supplying plentiful information, offering product samples, such as for example the first chapter of a book, and helping to locate information are important factors in the consumer's purchasing decision (Manvi & Venkataran, 2005). When potential clients make their first purchase, they are no longer mere listeners and become de facto clients. At this stage a sound basis for a relationship should be built by means of offering information, promotions and entertainment, which are in line with the interests of the client. It is through this relationship that involvement arises (Brondmo, 2002). Lastly, to rise from the stage of involvement to that of loyalty there must be a sense of commitment between the parties. At this stage, information about the clients must be constantly gathered, stored and analyzed, for the purpose of increasing the level of individualized communications and tailoring the products and services offered to clients (Brondmo, 2002). Thus, one of the indicators of client loyalty is the frequency with which the latter purchases from the same company. The Impact of the Internet on the Marketing Strategy The Impact of the Internet on Product Joia & Rodrigues Purchasing Frequency in Virtual Bookstores in Brazil 3 On the Web, in order to compensate for the limitations imposed by the media with respect to decision-making it is possible to make tools available for the consumers that provide more information on the products and their characteristics. This information can be accessed and presented in various ways and should be easily located (Manvi & Venkataran, 2005). The increased information available in terms of product characteristics and prices as well as the greater variety of choice tends to drive prices down or lead to a more differentiated product search, largely achieved by aggregated services (Lakhal & H'Mida, 2005). With the Internet, the process of tracking customers is much simpler, with immediate availability of their past records and purchase preferences all registered in a central database. Consumer purchase preferences are much more transparent in virtual stores, as long as their visits and purchases can be documented electronically (Reichheld, 2003). Providing this type of information, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for a company to obtain in-depth knowledge of its customers and thus to personalize its products and services according to their preferences (Crow, 2005). The Impact of the Internet on Price The most cited reason why electronic markets should be more efficient than traditional channels concerns the reduction in the asymmetry of information, based on lower survey and research costs. If the electronic market allows the consumer to identify the prices and products on offer more easily, the relatively low search cost should lead to lower product prices (Lakhal & H'Mida, 2005). Another factor that tends to drive prices down is the innate competitiveness of electronic commerce due to the lesser barriers to entry into this segment. These barriers are less restrictive due to the lower investment required to open an e-business, as a virtual company operates with much lower fixed and running costs (Brynjolffson & Smith, 2000). Many consumers indeed believe that besides being more convenient, the Internet offers lower prices than standard commercial outlets, based on the fact that they believe that sites have lower infrastructure costs. Despite the fact that there are delivery costs added to the purchase price, these clients feel motivated to purchase via the Web as they believe they are obtaining discounts on the total price paid for the product (Reedy et al., 2003). Due to the convenience of electronic purchasing, Web prices are likely to vary more. Retailers that help customers to locate and analyze products on the Web may be treated preferentially by the more impatient users (Brynjolffson & Smith, 2000). According to Reedy et al. (2003), the Internet also enables companies to establish prices with greater precision than in the physical distribution channels. Just as it is easier for the consumer to compare prices on the Internet, similarly it is easier for companies to track consumer behavior and market variations and adjust their prices accordingly on the basis of these observations. The Impact of the Inter


Introduction . Drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) is the important parameter of the nanoparticle-based drug formulations. Generally, the methods for evaluation of the EE are based on separation of the free and NP-bound fractions of the drug; however, applicability of these methods for a particulate formulation needs careful consideration. Aim. The purpose of the study was to optimize the procedure for evaluation of the EE for a nanoparticle-based drug formulation taking doxorubicin loaded in the PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-Dox NP) as a model formulation. Materials and methods. The PLGA-Dox NP were prepared by a "double emulsion" method at pH of the external aqueous phase of 7.4 or 6.4. The NP size and size distribution (PDI) were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the EE evaluation of doxorubicin, the NP were separated by centrifugation (CF), ultrafiltration (UF), or gel filtration. The efficiency of NP separation by the CF method was evaluated by the PLGA content in the supernatant by capillary electrophoresis (CZE). Results and discussion. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the PLGA-Dox/7.4 and PLGA-Dox/6.4 NP (FCS) was 103 ± 10 nm and 141 ± 8 nm, respectively. According to the TEM data, the main fraction of the NP averaged 50 ± 16 nm. The EE of doxorubicin, determined after the NP separation by centrifugation at 48254.g, was 78.9 ± 1.8 % for the PLGA-Dox/6.4 and 91.5 ± 0.9 % for the PLGA-Dox/7.4 NP with the residual PLGA content in the supernatant of ~5 %. At lower acceleration the NP separation was incomplete leading to underestimation of the EE. Also, the ultrafiltration method using the filters with the NMWL of 50 and 100 kDa enabled the reliable NP separation with the minimal doxorubicin adsorption on the filter (<4 %). Separation of the NP by gel filtration led to the underestimation of the EE due to considerable desorption of doxorubicin from the NP surface. Conclusion. The optimal analytical procedures for evaluation of the EE of doxorubicin in the PLGA NP are based on the NP separation by CF at 48254×g and UF using filters with NMWL of 50 and 100 kDa.


«The water, however, continued to gush and sparkle into the sunbeams as cheerfully as ever. A little gurgling sound ascended to the young man's window, and made him feel as if the fountain were the immortal spirit that sung its song unceasingly and without heeding the vicissitudes around it, while one century embodied it marble and another scattered the perishable garniture on the soil» (


We present two siblings from unrelated parents presenting with intrauterine growth retardation, a congenital heart defect, postaxial polydactyly, a brain malformation (ectopic neuropituitary gland associated with a hypoplastic adenopituitary in one of them, and a hypoplastic cerebellum and vermis in the other), abnormal hair with temporal balding, a striking facial dysmorphism and, at least in the child who survived, postnatal growth retardation and severe developmental delay. This probably represents a novel syndrome.


Summary Experiments were made in a glasshouse and in the field to estimate the effect of weed competition on cowpea performance. In the glasshouse experiment, plant height, number of nodes, green leaves, peduncles, weight of poda and seeds of cowpea were decreased by competition from Euphorbia heterophylla and the decrease was greater with increasing density of the weed associate. Generally cowpea did not respond to application of fertilizers. In the field experiment, competition from the natural weed flora affected the number of days to 50% flowering and yield components of the four cowpea varieties studied. The yield of the climbing variety, Dinner, was least affected by competition whilst the semi-erect variety, Ife brown, was the most affected.


Surface charge accumulation on polymer insulating material has been recognized as an important factor for electric field distortion that results in reduction of surface flashover voltage. This paper reports on the charge accumulation behavior between a pair of finger-shaped electrodes on epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites under dc voltage superimposed by repetitive pulses. The charge distribution was measured by means of an electrostatic voltmeter, from which the average charge density could be calculated. Effects of dc voltage, nanofiller content, and pulse voltage on charge accumulation behavior were investigated. Obtained results showed that with the increase in the filler content from 0 wt% to 5 wt%, the average charge density increased initially then appeared to decrease. The superposition of repetitive pulses on dc voltage led to a remarkable growth in charge accumulation as compared with that when only dc voltage was applied. It is suggested that the charges are originated from local gaseous ionization and/or electrode injection, which is determined by the combined voltage. The charge density is dependent upon the surface trap, which is affected by nanofiller content. The superposition of repetitive pulse is considered as a possible reason to encourage local gaseous ionization that results in enhanced accumulation of surface charge.


Abstract Efficiencies of index, individual, and sire family systems of selection were compared in the 9 to 11th selected generations. The criterion of selection was short term rate of production. Results agreed with those reported for the first eight generations in that standardized gains of the individual system exceeded those of the other systems. This disparity with expectations was attributed to the failure of experimental procedures to meet the assumptions of theory, inherent differences in inbreeding produced by the different systems, and random genetic drift.


First part of work deal with efficiency different anticorrosive pigments in light of
their chemical composition and study of influence of substances concentration in primers
masses. These nontoxic anticorrosive pigments were tested: zinc phosphate, zinc
phosphomolybdate, calcium secondary phosphate, zinc phosphate modified by organic
corrosion inhibitor, strontian-aluminous polyphosphosilicate, zinc-aluminous
polyphosphate, calcium metaborate, calcium ferrite and calcium borosilicate. For
comparison of anticorrosive efficiency strontium chromate was used. With anticorrosive
pigments were done tests of corrosion decrease in their aqueous leach, pH and conductivity
were measured too. Prepared epoxy esters primers were tested for influence of pigment
type on mechanical properties of the film. Anticorrosive efficiency was tested at the
condensation chamber, salt chambers and at the test according to Machu and Schiffman. It
was inquested that ecologically favourable pigments reach comparable or higher
anticorrosive efficiency than toxic strontiumchromate.


In our previous work we introduced a method for avoiding/excluding some symbols in Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, called symbol avoidance. In this paper, we apply the symbol avoidance method in sync-word based synchronization of RS encoded data. With the symbol avoidance method we reduce the probability of the RS encoded data being mistaken for the sync-word used to delimit the start/end of the data. The symbols in the RS code are avoided according to the sync-word used, such that the sync-word has very low probability of being found in the RS codewords, where it was not inserted. Therefore, for different sync-words, different symbols need to be avoided in the RS code. The goal here is to reduce the probability of false acquisition of the sync-word in the RS encoded framed data.


A theoretical treatment is given of the recently discovered thermotransport effect in pure liquid metals. The isotope effect is related to the diffusive mass flow by a proportionality factor familiar from electrotransport. The mass flow is given primarily by the temperature dependence of the mean size or amount of density fluctuations in the liquid. Very little activation energy is required for diffusive motion, which takes place by cooperative position adjustments of neighbor atoms. The mean displacement length of the diffusing cluster is by an order of magnitude smaller than the effective cluster diameter. The liquid model suggested is coherent with models based on evidence from other experimental methods.


Ratios of (t,p) transfer intensities to 0/sup +/ states in the cadmium isotopes have been analyzed using a three-state mixing model. The data allows determination of the degree of mixing of the rotational (intruder) state into the zero-phonon and two-phonon 0/sup +/ states. The three lowest 0/sup +/ states are found to be relatively pure and the intruder state lies above the two-phonon state in the heavier isotopes.


The "potential approach" to value theory for finite games was introduced by Hart and Mas-Colell Hart, S., A. Mas-Colell. 1989. Potential, value, and consistency. Econometrica57 589--614.. Here this approach is extended to non-atomic games. On appropriate spaces of differentiable games there is a unique potential operator, that generates the Aumann and Shapley Aumann, R. J., L. S. Shapley. 1974. Values of nonatomic games. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. value. As a corollary we obtain the uniqueness of the Aumann-Shapley value on certain subspaces of games. Next, the potential approach is applied to the weighted case, leading to "weighted non-atomic values." It is further shown that the asymptotic weighted value is well-defined, and that it coincides with the weighted value generated by the potential.


A short and efficient synthesis of doubly C-13 labeled diphenylketene from relatively cheap C-13 labeled carbon dioxide, as the sole source of labeled carbon, is described in 22% overall yield.


Abstract Do democratic political regimes facilitate more robust environmental and natural resource regulatory policies? Yes, in many cases. Using detailed cases of natural resource policy making in Thailand, however, we find that neither political parties nor civil society nor state institutions do well in representing diffuse interests, mediating among conflicting ones or defining compromises and securing their acceptance by most key players. Gains in environmental or natural resource policy making have not been dramatically more likely under democratic regimes than under "liberal authoritarian" ones with broad freedoms of speech and association. We argue that Thailand's democratic political system features weak linkages between groups in society and political parties, lacks alternative encompassing or brokering institutions in civil society, and that these features account for a tendency for political democracy to fail to deliver on its policy potential in Thailand.


Is the present Australian tax treatment of fringe benefits appropriate? Should there be a separate Fringe Benefits Tax system, focussed on employers, alongside the PAYE/personal income tax system, rather than a single system taxing cash and other forms of income in the same way? Is the status quo too costly in terms of administration and compliance costs? The broad conclusion of this Report is that there are strong grounds for moving away from the present FBT system, which was really introduced as a transitional means of taxing fringe benefits, towards integration of the taxation of fringe benefits into the PAYE/personal income tax system. The present FBT system is complex, costly with which to comply, hated by employers, and frequently unfair as between different employees.


Superconducting electronic circuits surrounded by various configurations of holes in the superconducting ground plane have been imaged using a high resolution scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. These data demonstrate that in the weak field limit continuous moats trap flux more effectively to protect the circuits than small holes in the same configuration.


Objective: To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic tissue adhesive injection combined with endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of gastroesophageal varices bleeding.Methods: Forty-five patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding received endoscopic tissue adhesive injection combined with EVL in the treatment of patients.The patients received follow-up endoscopy in 1 and 3 months after the procedure,respectively.The variants including the rate of acute hemostasis,the rate of rebleeding,the rate of complication,and degree of esophagogastric varices were evaluated.Results: The rate of acute hemostasis was 100%.One patient was lost in follow-up period of 3 months.The rate of rebleeding was 6.81%.The total effective rate of esophageal varices was 95.2%.The total effective rate of gastric varices was 90.5%;Seven patients underwent second ligation.Chest pain in 30 patients(66.6%),fever in 5 patients(11.1%),abdominal pain in 10 patients(22.2%),gastric ulcer in 2 patients(4.4%).No severe procedure-related complication was observed in all patients.Conclusion: Endoscopic tissue adhesive injection combined with EVL is a safe and effective therapy for gastroesophageal varices bleeding.


The asymptotic behavior of sums of multiplicative functions on a segment of natural numbers is studied. The results obtained are applied to investigate the distribution of values of real additive functions and their fractional parts.


In order to improve the availability of products during the warranty period, a maintenance strategy combining incomplete preventive maintenance with two different degrees of maintenance is adopted to solve the problem of long downtime which is caused by failure of products during the warranty period. Based on the theory of incomplete maintenance, the availability model is established. Through an example, it is proved that the model can improve the availability of warranty products, and the scope of application is given. Sensitivity analysis is conducted for some factors affecting availability.


Plasma density fluctuations in the edge plasma of the RFX-mod device are measured through the gas puffing imaging diagnostics. Statistical features of the signal are quantified in terms of the probability distribution function (PDF), and computed for several kinds of discharges. The PDFs from discharges without particular control methods are found to be adequately described by a Gamma function, consistently with the recent results by Graves et al (J P Graves et al 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 L1). On the other hand, pulses with external methods for the plasma control feature modified the PDFs. A first empirical analysis suggests that they may be interpolated through a linear combination of simple functions. An inspection of the literature shows that this kind of PDF is common to other devices as well and it has been suggested that it is due to the simultaneous presence of different mechanisms driving, respectively, coherent bursts and Gaussian background turbulence. An attempt is made to relate differences in the PDFs to plasma conditions such as the local shift of the plasma column. A simple phenomenological model to interpret the nature of the PDF and assign a meaning to its parameters is also developed.


The theoretical methods and technical measures of the new development in fatigue research and application field abroad are described in the two aspects of the theoretical calculation of fatigue life and fatigue test.


We use multipoint magnetic field, plasma and particle observations to study the spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics of Pc 4-5 pulsations observed in the recovery phase of a strong magnetic storm on January 1, 2016. The magnetosphere was compressed and periodic increases of the total magnetic field strength occurred every 20-40 min at the times of generation of the pulsations. The frequencies of the Pc4 pulsations varied from 14 mHz to 25 mHz with radial distance. An explanation for this behavior can be given in terms of standing Alfvén waves along resonant field lines. By contrast, Fourier analysis of the magnetic field observations shows that the compressional Pc5 pulsations exhibited similar spectra at different radial distances. The long duration of the Pc5 pulsations and their nearly constant frequencies indicate that the plasma conditions in the morning sector of magnetosphere were stable for more than two hours. The Pc4 and Pc5 pulsations displayed wave properties consistent with the second harmonic waves. The energetic particles observed by Van Allen Probes and GOES 15 exhibited a regular periodicity over a broad range of energies from tens of eV to 2 MeV with periods corresponding to those of the compressional component of the ULF magnetic field. We searched for possible solar wind triggers and discussed generation mechanisms for the compressional Pc5 pulsations in terms of drift mirror instability and drift bounce resonance.


A lack of Japanese learners' understanding of the Japanese culture, in particular its habits or manners in everyday life or at work will lead to the learners' culture shock. Based on the results of the needs analysis conducted to students of Japanese language in a university, it is found that there were communication gaps and errors when communicating with Japanese people both verbally and in writing. In addition, respondents did not understand manners when dealing with Japanese people. This is due to low of understanding of Japanese cultures relating to etiquettes. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to make reference or informative text available for Indonesian students of Japanese language. Therefore, this study aims to compile a textbook with the theme of daily life manner in Japan which can be used as a reference as a strategy in understanding Japanese culture. Employing research and design method, this study is descriptive in nature. It develops a book by arranging a variety of information related to the manners, habits, from various sources of literature. The output of this research is the product textbook Daily of Manner in Japan which can be useful for Japanese language learners and Indonesian workers who work in Japan.


The genome is under continual assault from endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage. The cell has therefore evolved a number of pathways to identify, signal, and ultimately repair DNA lesions. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, the addition of multiple ADP-ribose moieties to proteins to form poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains, has been implicated in several DNA repair pathways. One function of these PAR chains is to act as a scaffold for the recruitment of downstream repair proteins, suggesting the existence of protein domains that specifically bind PAR. Several of these domains have been identified, the best characterised being the PBZ and macro domains. We utilise in silico genome-wide searches to identify novel proteins containing PAR-binding domains in the simple eukaryotic model organism Dictyostelium discoideum . We identity three proteins with unannotated macro domains in Dictyostelium : DNA ligase III (Lig3), an aprataxin-like protein (APL), which also contains a PBZ domain, and Q54R54. The macro domain of APL was found to be circularly permuted compared to the other human and Dictyostelium macro domains; however, structure prediction by homology modelling indicated that it had retained the structure of a classical macro domain. We performed in vitro PAR-binding assays that indicated that the macro domains of both Lig3 and APL bind to PAR chains. Lig3 is enriched on DNA following the infliction of base damage, indicating its role in the SSBR pathway. However, the dependence of this pathway on PARylation has not been determined. In contrast, APL was found to be enriched on chromatin in response to DNA inter-strand cross-links and S-phase-associated double-strand breaks, which was reduced following mutation of both the PBZ and macro domains of APL. Furthermore, APL was found to be mono-ubiquitinated in response to DNA inter-strand cross-links, an event that is dependent on its macro domain region. These data indicate a role for APL in the repair of DNA inter-strand cross-links, or S-phase associated DNA damage, which would not be predicted from its homology to aprataxin, thereby suggesting a protein with novel characteristics in the DDR in Dictyostelium .


The influence of Zr addition on magnetic properties and temperature coefficient for nanocomposite Nd10Fe78.5-xCo5ZrxB6.5 (x=0~4) bonded magnets was investigated. It was found that the room-temperature magnetic properties were remarkably improved with Zr addition due to the grain refinement and increasing volume fraction of the hard magnetic phase. The optimal magnetic properties of Jr=0.689 T, iHc=769.4 kA·m-1 and (BH)max=84 kJ·m-3 were obtained for 2.5% Zr addition. The temperature coefficient of remanence (α) increases slightly and the temperature coefficient of coercivity (β) decreases obviously with increasing Zr content for nanocomposite Nd10Fe78.5-xCo5ZrxB6.5 (x=0~4) bonded magnets.


The essay follows a different and parallel analysis that became evident during a previous research on library science criteria and methods for collection development, conducted in order to ascertain the reliability of online catalogues as information sources with reference to authors and works for the scientific monograph assessment. Starting from a reconstruction of the Italian librarianship debate of the second half of the twentieth century around issues of library collection development, developed through the comparison with international literature, the paper examines the different actors' roles and the changed conditions of bibliographic collections during transition from cultural to librarianship management of Italian libraries' heritage.


Liquid gas jet pump (LJGP) is a fluid machine working principle is based
on the difference in momentum. The momentum generated by the gas nozzle
induces in the suction chamber. Momentum transfer between the gas and the liquid
jet at a place known by the throat. In the process of mixing the throat occurs
between liquid and gas. This process resulted in changes in the pattern of flow and
pressure rise. Changes in flow patterns before and after mixing is jet flow to Froth
flow. Slowing the flow rate also resulted pressure rise. Fractions were carried with
the liquid gas will be compressed in the throat after the occurrence of the mixing
process. The position of the mixing process is highly dependent on the change of
the liquid flow rate and gas flow rate. At high gas flow rate, the mixing process
occurs away from the inlet throat and possibly occurs in the diffuser. These
conditions resulted in the efficiency decreases. In order that the mixing process is
always in the throat, then the necessary research that is able to find a correlation
between the effect of the discharge of liquid jet and gas discharge to a long throat.
A series of tests are carried out: varying the liquid flow rate on gas flow rate
for length variation throat consecutive 2dt, 4dt, 6dt. The test is performed on a test
section with dimensions: throat diameter (dt) = 8.5 mm, nozzle diameter = 5.7 mm
or area ratio = 0.45.
The test results showed that there was a long-throat effect on the
performance of the entire variation LJGP to discharge liquid jet and gas discharge.
LJGP overall characteristics show a similar trend for the combination of variation
and discharge of liquid jet gas discharge. The trend is: the smaller gas flow rate is
the lower pressure in suction chamber on liquid jet flow rate constant. While the
length of the throat shows the effect of changing the length throat 4dt produce the
highest efficiency compared with the length throat 2dt and 6dt for all combinations
of liquid flow rate and gas flow rate.


The main descriptions of spring water of the river Podborenka on the territory of Izsevsk are viewed in the article. Discharge and routine temperature of springs, acidity, total harshness, abundance of calcium ions, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, chlorides, nitrates and sulphates in the water are viewed. Seasonal dynamics of the listed indices is discovered.


The utility model belongs to post-machining and treatment machinery of a rubber-back carpet and a manual-knotting carpet, which is mainly used for leveling, open-twisting, mercerizing, and enhancing softness for the carpet. The utility model is composed of a machine body, and a scraping roller, a combing roller, a driving motor, and a road wheel which are arranged on the machine body, wherein, a rail frame is arranged under the machine body; a carpet fixing flat plate is arranged under the rail frame; when the utility model operates, the carpet is evenly laid on the fixing plate; the scraping roller and the combing roller synchronously rotate in the opposite direction driven by the motor, and the technology of the leveling, the mercerizing, the open-twisting, and enhancing softness, etc. of the carpet can be finished once; the rail frame can enable the machine body to finish the treatment to any position of the carpet. The utility model has the advantages of no dead angle and stable running.


Enantioselective synthesis has been achieved using chiral compounds arising from mono- and dideuterated methyl groups as chiral inducers in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis. The absolute c...


In our ever-changing world, there is a need for materials that can thrive and survive in an almost infinite variety of environments. Most materials are designed to operate in predetermined conditions. Such materials are passive and unable to change based on its surroundings. With advances in chemistry, physics, engineering, and other related sciences these passive materials and coatings can and will have the ability to react and respond to their surroundings in real-time. These materials, composites, and coatings are actual systems with numerous components or layers integrated together to combine functionality and capabilities, limited only by the current state of the technologies of which they are comprised. The Army must transform into a lighter yet more lethal "objective force", all while fighting wars in the Middle East. New technologies and materials are needed to achieve the transition. Its new platforms must be deployable, be 70% lighter and 50% smaller than current armored combat systems, while maintaining equivalent lethality and survivability [1]. To meet the lighter yet more lethal requirements of the Future Combat Systems, our scientists and engineers need to capitalize on new technologies and breakthroughs in the scientific arena. Novel technologies such as nanotechnology, MEMS, meta-materials, flexible electronics, electrochromics, electroluminescence, etc. are key components in the development of active and reactive materials for the Army. The ability to custom build and integrate novel technologies into functionalized systems is the driving force towards the creation and advancement of active coatings systems. Active coating systems require the development and advancement of numerous technologies across various energy domains (e.g. electrical, mechanical, chemical, optical, biological, etc.). The U.S. Army is attempting to take these technologies and implement them into an active coatings system though the Active Coatings Technologies Program, thus creating the next generation of coating systems. These technologies give one the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization and yield advanced materials that will allow for longer service life and lower failure rates. The main goal of the ACT Program is to conduct research leading to the development of active materials and coatings systems for use on various military platforms, incorporating unique properties such as self repair, selective removal, corrosion resistance, sensing, ability to modify coatings' physical properties, colorizing, and alerting logistics staff when weapon systems require more extensive repair. The U.S. Army Corrosion Office has assembled a team including university support as well as other military and industry representatives. This team is developing multilayered, modular active coatings with numerous functionalities such as self-repair, visual display, artificial intelligence, self-management, sensing package, and corrosion inhibitors, that can be customized as needed


The purpose of this research is to suggest future prospects and the appropriate direction for the tourist development in Baengnyeongdo Island. First, tourism-geographical characteristics in physical and humanistic environments are confirmed to identify potential possibilities of tourist attractions. Second, advantages and defects, the major factors of opportunities and threats which have influenced the regional development of Baengnyeongdo Island toward a attractive tourist destination are examined to propose politic suggestions for the rational development through the SWOT analysis. Baengnyeongdo Island involves remarkable geomorphological and geological academic values, phenomenal aesthetics and outstandingly universal conservational values about biological multiplicity. So to speak, there are affluent scenic spots with the combination of various natural resources and examples of the ecosystem such as Dumujin Beach called `Haegeumgang of the Yellow Sea` with vertical cliffs and fantastic looking rocks, Sagot Beach which is famous for natural landing strip and similar to Italy`s Naples, Kongdol Beach which is composed of bead-like pebbles, Mulgae Bawi which is authorized a habitat of seals for the first time in Korea and designated as a Natural Monument by the Korean government, Peridotite-Basalt Coastal Park. In addition, Baengnyeongdo Island possesses prosperous humanistic characteristics for the tourist development, for instance Indangsu and Yeonbongbawi which were ascertained the real background of `Simcheongjeon`, Junghwadong Church at which the first gospel in Korea has landed, Jinchonri Shell Mounds as the largest midden in the South Korea and various monuments in relation to anticommunist partisan warfare. Therefore it must be the suitable spot for the field trip of cultural and historical relics, a pilgrimage and of national security inspection. Geographical situation as an separated island from inland and the back region of transportation infrastructure and the political distinctiveness caused by the worst military confrontation between the South and the North of Korea have become the motive power which has contributed Baengnyeongdo Island to preserve a world-wide rare superb view and the natural ecosystem without damage and destruction so far. With these tourism-geographical latent energy, the improvement of transportation infrastructure and the detente mood between the South and the North of Korea have given impetus to the expectation of regional growth and developmental investments. The potential values of future tourist development in Baengnyeongdo Island will be immeasurable, if the long-range master plan about hardware and software in tourist environments is established.


A newborn female was born with distinctive facial features and limb anomalies (Figures 1 and 2).

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

### Prenatal and Birth Histories

### Presentation

### Vital Signs

### Physical Examination


The invention relates to a power-shift transmission for a commercial vehicle having a split group (3), a main group (4) and a range group (5). According to the invention, it is possible to connect a loose wheel (14) of an input constant (E2) fixedly in terms of rotation, optionally via the shifting elements (S1) and (S2), to two input shafts (6, 7) which can be coupled in each case via clutches (K1, K2) to a transmission input shaft (8). An idler shaft (12) can be driven via three input constants (E1, E2, E3), wherein a power flow takes place via the idler shaft (12) in all forward gears with the exception of a direct gear. With a simple construction, the design according to the invention results in the possibility of sequential gearshifts without interruptions in traction forces and multiple-gear upshifts and multiple-gear downshifts.


This paper reports on the potential of process mining as a basis for security audits of business process and corresponding business process management systems. In particular, it focuses on process discovery as a means to reconstruct process-related structures from event logs, such as the process' control flow, social network and data flows. Based on this information, security analysis to determine the compliance with security and privacy requirements can be automated.


An action-at-a-distance (on the lightcone) theory of the electromagnetic interaction is described. It is argued that this theory is internally consistent and avoids several of the infamous pitfalls of field theories such as advanced interaction and divergent self energy of a single charge (or background radiation). In addition, a resolution for problems posed by asymmetric kinematical ageing is proposed.


Abstract Considering a linear system, we construct hybrid loops consisting in a (possibly non stabilizing) given linear dynamic continuous-time controller with a jump rule when some conditions of the state occur. This allows us to study the performance improvement problem. More precisely, we firstly show the interest of an hybrid loop to maximize the decay rate when the gain of the controller is limited. Secondly, we show how adding a hybrid loop can be useful to reduce the overshoot of an output. The proposed approaches are illustrated on two examples.


Some efficient acylphosphine oxides have been used for many years as photoinitiators of radical polymerization. As very few new acylphosphine oxide compounds have been proposed these past years for...


The synthesis of the target compounds from boronic acids and bifluoride (II) is advantageous with regards to safety and tolerability towards substrate functionality.


Under the rapid development of the urbanization in Chinese, there are some problems about urbanization, such as ecological environment, fragmented historical context and poor quality of urbanization. The concept of "inclusive growth" has a profound significance for Chinese urbanization. "Inclusive growth" urbanization is rich in content, including the inclusion of people with nature, history and social. Based on that, the significances of "inclusive growth" for China's urbanization are discussed.


While preventing an increase in the size of complexity and device structure, manufacturing simple semiconductor device capable of reducing the leakage current, and an active matrix substrate using the same, as well as a display device. Top gate electrode (g1, g2) switching unit including a thin film transistor (Tr1, Tr2) having a (main gate electrode) and a bottom gate electrode (21) (assist gate electrode) in (18) (semiconductor device), the top gate electrode comprising (g1, g2) and silicon layer provided between the bottom gate electrode (21) and (SL) (semiconductor layer), a light shielding film that shields the carrier generation region formed in the silicon layer. Then, the potential of the top gate electrode (g1, g2), while being controlled by a gate signal supplied through the signal lines, the potential of the bottom gate electrode (21), said bottom gate electrode (21) and a top gate It depends on the capacitive coupling between the electrode (g1, g2).


In the 1960s, there was considerable optimism for blue babies as it became apparent that operations could be developed to "repair" their hemodynamics; however, over the next 10-20 years it became apparent that with long-term follow-up, the majority of these children were not in sinus rhythm on 24-hour electrocardiogram, and a certain proportion of them died suddenly.^"^ The early studies on sudden death after repair of tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries projected a sudden death rate of approximately 1% per year.̂ "̂ While this does not appear to be a high number compared to the rates of sudden death in adults with myocardial infarction, such statistics applied to a young person who would be expected to live another six decades, are unsettling. Since sudden death is a late event occurring more frequently with increasing duration after surgery, patients with the highest risk are presently 15-35-years old. In body, they are young adults, but in heart they are old children. Strategies for cardiac management are controversial; strategies for financial management are practically nonexistent. These issues will be discussed.


Objective
To compare protocol-directed weaning with traditional physician-directed weaning in neurocritical patients.

Methods
Sixty-five patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours were randomly assigned to receive either protocol-directed (n=32) or physiciandirected (n=33) weaning.

Results
A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study,of which 5 patients were excluded because of giving up treatment.Hence the data of 60 patients were subjected to availability analysis.Thirty-five patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation successfully.The mean weaning time was 55.91 hours for the protocol-directed group compared with 243.95 hours for the physician-directed group,which showed statistical difference (Z=-3.560,P<0.01).The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the protocol-directed group (272.01 hours) compared with that in the physician-directed group (423.53 hours,t=-1.294,P=0.204).The weaning successful rate,ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate of the two groups were similar,no statistical difference.The length of ICU stay was shorter in the protocol-directed group (611.03 hours) compared with that in the physician-directed group (816.03 hours,t=-1.272,P=0.212).ICU cost saving in the protocol-directed group was 29 346.21 yuan per patient compared with ICU cost in the physician-directed group (101 642.74 yuan vs 130 988.95 yuan;t=-1.041,P=0.305).

Conclusion
Protocol-directed weaning may be effective to reduce weaning time,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay and ICU cost compared with physician-directed weaning in neurocritical patients.

Key words:
Nervous system diseases; Respiration,artificial; Ventilator weaning; Clinical protocols; Randomized controlled trial


A green thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been used as an analytical method for the identification and separation of amino acids through silica static flat bed in contact of n-butyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, or ethylene glycol and their mixtures. The chromatographic system constituting silica gel as stationary phase, and n-butyl acetate–n-butyl alcohol–ethylene glycol in 3:5:2 ratio (v/v) as mobile phase with solvent ascent 5.0 cm was most favorable for on-plate identification of amino acids (lysine, alanine, and tryptophan) with preliminary separation. The presence of impurities such as metal cations, anions, and vitamins in the sample on the resolution of lysine, alanine, and tryptophan was also examined. The chromatographic parameters like ΔRF, separation factor (α), and resolution (Rs) of separated components of the mixture of these three amino acids were calculated. Densitogram of the separation of lysine, alanine, and tryptophan was recorded. The limit of detection for lysine was 0.6 µg spot−1, whereas for alanine and tryptophan it was 1.0 µg spot−1. The applicability of the proposed method was established by achieving separation from real and spiked pharmaceutical product. The proposed method is rapid and free from the use of volatile organic solvents and is therefore environmentally acceptable.


Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea Barr (anamorf Pyricularia grisea Sacc. synonym Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) is one of important diseases for rice cultivation in Indonesia. Five isolates of rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizospheres of rice in Bali were tested for their effectiveness to reduce the rice blast disease intensity on rice cultivar Ciherang under green house condition. All isolates were formulated in liquid formulas which were respectively contained bacterial suspension of Enterobacter agglomerans Ch2D, Xanthomonas luminescens Ch3D, Enterobacter agglomerans Ch4B, E. agglomerans Gg14D and  Serratia liquefaciens Gh13D.  Results of this study showed that all five formula of rhizobacteria effectively reduced the rice blast intensity on rice cultivar Ciherang. The rice blast intensity on plants treated with  rhizobacteria were varied from 13.96 to 19.44%, while the disease intensity on control was 33.56%. Formula containing bacterial suspension of E. Agglomerans Gg14D resulted in the lowest blast disease intensity and the highest yield per hill. The yield increment resulted from this treatment was 40% when compared to control. This result suggested that E. agglomerans Gg14D is one of promising candidate for bio-control agent to manage rice blast disease. However, the field trial is needed in order to evaluate the stability and effectiveness of the rhizobacteria formula under field condition at several localities. Keywords: rhizobacteria, rice blast disease, disease intensity


The main source of calcium in T cells is through a mechanism known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). STIM1 and STIM2 serve as ER calcium sensors that, upon store depletion, activate calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels (Orai1-3,CRACM1-3) in the plasma membrane. In the absence of sustained calcium influx through CRAC channels, numerous lymphocyte functions are severely compromised, as demonstrated in patients suffering from SCID. Agonist-induced calcium oscillations in many cell types are triggered by calcium release from intracellular stores and driven by SOCE. However, their relative roles in agonist-mediated calcium oscillations remain ambiguous. We here report that while both STIM1 and STIM2 contribute to store-refilling during calcium oscillations in T cells, RBL and HEK cells, they do so dependent on the level of store depletion. Molecular silencing of STIM2 by siRNA or inhibition by G418 selectively suppresses SOCE and agonist-mediated calcium oscillations at low levels of store depletion, without interfering with STIM1-mediated signals induced by full store depletion. Thus, STIM2 is preferentially activated by low-level physiological agonist concentrations that cause mild reductions in ER calcium levels. We conclude that with increasing agonist concentrations, SOCE is mediated initially by endogenous STIM2 and incrementally by STIM1, enabling differential modulation of calcium entry over a range of stimulus intensities and levels of store depletion.


The pKa values of two ortho-hydroquinone H2Q, systems immobilized at a carbon electrode are investigated using voltammetric methods and compared with those of the corresponding molecules in bulk aqueous solution. A large and significant increase of both pKa values for the successive equilibria H2Q ⇆ HQ− + H+ ⇆ Q2− + 2H+ are observed, which highlight the fact that very significant differences of thermodynamic and chemical behaviour exist between molecules in bulk solution and immobilized at interfaces, both in general and in the case of quinones which are regularly used as electron transfer mediators in electroanalysis and electrocatalysis.


The evolution of cerebral glucose metabolism after partial seizure onset was studied in 38 children using PET scans over 3.0 +/- 1.3 years (and within a year after a third unprovoked partial seizure) by researchers at the Clinical Epilepsy Section, NINDS, and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.


South Africa hosts the 2010 FIFA World Cup, considered to be the world's premier sporting event. As well as preparations for the events themselves, improving the transportation network is a priority. Included among the initiatives, the City of Johannesburg is implementing a bus rapid transport system in primarily an exclusive median, and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) throughout the City. The ITS systems being deployed are part of a developed and coherent ITS Road Map prepared by Stewart Scott International (SSI), South Africa and Delcan International Corporation (Delcan), Canada to meet the requirements and needs for this important event and beyond. In this paper the authors will provide an overview of Johannesburg ITS integrated deployment from the early conception associated with the development of the ITS Road Map up to current implementation status including a review of the needs, the approaches considered and the technology and systems implemented. The paper will also present the procurement approaches and procurement options which were analyzed and finally implemented in Johannesburg including the challenges faced during the deployment and how these challenges have been managed.


Abstract.  In this article we analyse the product of the inverse Wishart matrix and a normal vector. We derive the explicit joint distribution of the components of the product. Furthermore, we suggest several exact tests of general linear hypothesis about the elements of the product. We illustrate the developed techniques on examples from discriminant analysis and from portfolio theory.


Dr Balfour was minister, and received that spirit of devotion tc? o which distinguished him through life. Both heredity an envi led him early to decide to follow the medical profession. . , h After a creditable school career, Dr Rainy wen 0 course. University, and as a preparation for medicine too' He was specially interested in mathematics an p J' > ]aboratory graduation worked under Prof. Chrystal in Pro . ^ for a year. Some of his researches he recorde in PaPer eiected a Society of Edinburgh, of which a few years later hi deter. Fellow. He was, however, not to be turned ^ do mination to follow medicine, though he must ave formed of his so by the high opinion which both Tait and Chrystal


Human anatomy is an information‐dense field that often has institutional‐ and curricular‐imposed restraints. The resulting time and resource limitations cultivate a need to develop and implement tools that promote efficiency through self‐directed student learning opportunities. Furthermore, such tools require testing to ensure that they positively contribute to meaningful student learning.


This paper based on the industrial independent innovation ecological system,established a independent innovation ecological system for China's Integrated Circuit Industry in four aspects,such as policy environment,the market environment,resources support system and enterprise' technological innovation capability,and made up a systematic analysis from the elements,operational mechanism and the basic function.


Precision interferometric displacement measurements require deadpath corrections to account for variations in wavelength during the course of the measurement. This paper discusses common errors in applying deadpath corrections and describes the correction necessary to fully account for variations in wavelength.


Disclosed is a positioning method, comprising: when a terminal is switched, judging whether the terminal is performing periodic enhanced cell identification (E-CID) positioning; and when it is determined that the terminal is performing periodic E-CID positioning, carrying a periodic positioning cell of the terminal in a switching request message sent to a target side. Also disclosed at the same time are a positioning device and a storage medium. In the embodiments of the present invention, a target side can carry out related measurements of periodic positioning for a terminal on time, so that the time delay of periodic positioning is greatly optimized, and the length of time needed for the target side to position the terminal is once again reduced, thereby providing a better periodic positioning experience of the terminal for a user.


The potential of big data analytics (BDA) in enabling improvements in business processes has urged researchers and practitioners to understand whether and under what combination of conditions, such novel technologies can support innovation, competitive advantage, and firm performance. Although the extent of research in this area is substantial, research on the influence of the BDA components such as effective use of big data analytics tools and big data management on innovation process (IP), competitive advantage (CA), and financial performance (FP) must be conducted. This research examines the impact of effective use of BDA tools and big data management on the innovation process, competitive advantage and financial performance based on the resource-based view (RBV). Based on this conceptualisation, the current study examines the relationship between the BDA components (effective use of BDA tools and big data management) on the innovation process, competitive advantage, and financial performance. A questionnaire was designed to measure the influence of the effective use of big data analytics tools and big data management on the innovation process and its drivers on competitive advantage and financial performance. Quantitative data collected using an online survey method, and (n= 174) samples were gathered from top managers working in firms operating in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The hypotheses and model fitness were tested in SPSS, AMOS v.26 using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that applying the significant data analytics components (effective use of BDA tools and big data management) has a significant positive impact on the innovation process capabilities (β = .317, p = 0.000 and β = .490, p = 0.000), competitive advantage (β = .322, p = 0.000 and β = .298, p = 0.000), and financial performance (β = .188, p = 0.000 and β = .444 and p = 0.000). There is also a significant positive impact of the innovation process on competitive advantage (β = .485, p = 0.000), and the competitive advantage led to a financial performance (β = .397, p = 0.000). Statistical findings also show that the innovation process as mediator has a significant positive impact on financial performance (β = .333, p = 0.000). Surprisingly, firm mediators such as age (β = -.002 and p = 0.000), size (β = -.003 with p = 0.000), type of industry (β = -.008 with p = 0.000), and environment turbulence (β = -.001 with p = 0.000), were found not to positively impact a firm's financial performance.This work provides an original contribution to knowledge by extending and validating a new model and the factors affecting the innovation process, competitive advantage, and financial performance.


Entrepreneurship in the midst of crisis caused by the Covid 19 pandemic is very difficult thing. It takes strong mentality to be able to continue being entrepreneurial in the midst of the current crisis conditions. Students are young people who are synonymous with imagination, creative, fast, instantaneous and have lots of ideas. Moreover, students who are familiar with entrepreneurship. Students are also technology literate people, including information technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have the role of lecturers who can really open students' insights or thinking horizons. Using research and research results to be able to pave the way for young entrepreneurs to create new innovations, solve problems or to predict conditions that will occur in the future, and so on. Apart from the internal involvement of the university, the presence of the government, private sector, and the media and others (pentahelix) is the strength of collaboration as the key to the success of the rapid economic growth after the Covid 19 pandemic. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.


This paper describes the effect that parasitic resistances have on the accuracy of a high resolution digitally programmable potentiometer that is based on a multistage architecture. Experimental results available from silicon implementation in a 0.18µm EEPROM process of a nonvolatile 8-bit resolution digital potentiometer show a maximum value of about 0.25LSB for both non-linearity errors (INL and DNL). Unusual transitions found in the measured INL waveform, but also unexpected spikes in the measured DNL waveform were confirmed through simulations to be the cause of a parasitical resistance introduced by a long metal wire connection between two unit resistors in the wiper array layout.


The article deals with the religious experience of poor Pentecostal women from the city of Salvador, Northeast Brazil. In centering the discussion of this experience on bodily engagement in place—and on the body's attunement to place—this article seeks to capture the social and existential dimensions of the sensibilities which women develop as members of the religious community and thus to address the question of how the sense experiences, which are awakened and cultivated in this religious setting, help shape embodied forms of attention to oneself, to others, and to context. We contend that concrete embodied experience of divine power fostered in ritual favors training attention to context in search of signs of divine presence and helps give shape to a disposition which extends, to other people and places, the power that flows from Pentecostal women's bodies.


The aim of this paper is to evaluate the characteristics of commercial motorcyclists in Ugbowo, Benin-city. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out among commercial motorcyclists in Ugbowo, Benin-city, Edo State. A total of 252 commercial motorcyclists were involved in the study. A cluster sampling method was used in selecting respondents in 7 out of the 14 parks in Ugbowo. Majority of the respondents 218 (86.5%) did not attend any riding school while only 34 (13.5%) had attended one. One hundred and forty-two (56.4%) possessed a riding license and only about half of them (51.3%) wore helmets, 40.9% wore goggles and 7.8% had fire extinguishers. None of the respondents provided helmets for their passengers. This study highlighted certain characteristics of commercial motorcyclists that may promote road traffic accidents. Therefore, there is need for mobilisation and sensitisation of commercial motorcyclists and the general public on road safety.
 Keywords : Commercial motorcyclists; road safety Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research Vol. 5 (1) 2006: pp. 58-63


teenth Water Quality Conf., Univ. of 111. (1971). 6. Melnick, J. L. Detection of Virus Spread by the Water Route. Proc. Thirteenth Water Quality Conf., Univ. of 111. (1971). 7. Coin, L.; Menetrier, M. L.; Lobonde, J.; & Hannoun, M. C. Modern Microbiological and Virological Aspects of Water Pollution, Advances in Water Pollution Research. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N. Y. (1965). 8. Fqliquet, J. M.; Schwartzbrod, L.; & Gaudin, O. G. La Pollution Virule Les Eaux Usees, de Surface et D'alimentation. Bull, of the World Health Organization, 35 (1966). 9. Bagdusary'yan, G. A. Investigation of Riverwater for Enteroviruses. Hyg. and San., 33:134 (Oct. 1968). 10. Farroh, K. Research on Viruses in Water. Review Immunology Therapie Antimicrobienne, 30:355 (Маг. 1966). 11. Shuval, H. I. Detection and Control ot Enteroviruses on the Water Environment, Developments in Water Quality Research. Humphrey Science Publishers, Ann Arbor (1970). 12. Akin, E. W.; Benton, W. H.; & Hill, W. F. Enteric Viruses in Ground and Surface Waters: A Review of Their Occurrence and Survival. Proc. Thirteenth Water Quality Conf., Univ. of 111. (1971). 13. Neumark, T. Possible Viral Etiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis. International Virology 2, [J. L. Melnick & S. Karger Basel, editors] (1972). 14. Dennis, J. M. 1955-56 Infectious Hepatitis Epidemic in Delhi, India. Jour. A WWA, 51:12:1 288 (Oct. 1959). 15. McLean, D. M. Contamination of Water by Viruses. Jour. A WWA, 56:5:585 (May 1964). 16. Eichenwald, H. F. & Mosley, J.W. Viral Hepatitis: Clinical and Public Health Aspects. US Public Health Serv. Pubi. No. 435,56 (1959). 17. Mosley, J. W. Waterborne Infectious Hepatitis. New Engl. Jour. Med., 261:15:703 (Oct. 8, 1959). 18. Neefe, J. R. & Stokes, J. An Epidemic of Infectious Hepatitis Apparently Due to a Waterborne Agent. Amer. Med. Assn., 128:1063 (Aug. 1945). 19. Poskanzer, D. С & Beadenkopf, W. G. Waterborne Infectious Hepatitis from a Chlorinated Municipal Supply. Public health Reports, 76:745 (Sep. 1961). 20. Kraus P. & Weber, G. Investigations on the Survival of Infectious Organisms in Drinking Water and Natural Surface Waters. Public Health Engrg. Abstr., 39:4:31 (Apr. 1959). 21. Kjellander, J. Hygieniska och mikrobiologiska synpunkten pa ostron som smittspridare. Svenska Lakartidningen, 53:1009 (Nov. 1956). 22. Berg, G. The Food Vehicle in Virus Transmission. Health Lab. Sci., 1:51 (Feb. 1964).


Objective:To observe the therapeutic and toxic effect of cisplatin combined with lentinan in treatment of malignant pleural effusion.Methods:A drainage tube was placed into the chest to release the pleural effusion.The observation group were administered intrapleural injection of cisplatin 40 mg and lentinan 4 mg alternately,and the control group intrapleural cisplatin 60 mg only.The therapy was repeated 3-7 day;one course consisted of 4 times.The efficacy and toxicity were observed 1 month after the regimen.Results:The observation group had a better short-term effect and life quality than the control group(P0.05 and P0.01);the observation group demonstrated lower toxicity reaction than the control group(P0.05).Conclusions:Lentinan combined with cisplatin therapy can enhance the efficacy,reduce the side effects and improve the quality of life of the patients with malignant pleural effusion.


The work proves the urgency of posing the problem of formation and development of a new civilizational paradigm in the conditions of the crisis of technogenic civilization. Based on the formulated principles for the development of a new civilizational paradigm, an ecological paradigm of public consciousness is proposed as a possible option. The main vectors for solving the problem of developing a new civilizational ecological paradigm are identified as the elements of its epistemological content. Keywords—new civilizational paradigm; ecological paradigm of public consciousness; ecological crisis; vectors; strategy of sustainable development; technogenic civilization; epistemological content


By way of experiment analyses to contrast the waste rubber powder modified HMA with the ordinary HMA,the high and low temperature stability,water stability and ageing-resistant ability of bituminous pavement are remarkably improved due to the strengthening of viscosity and toughness by adding rubber powder.The technical performance of HMA has been overall improved.


DNA: The molecule that carries genetic information in all living systems (see genetic code). The DNA molecule is formed in the shape of a double helix from a great number of smaller molecules (see nucleotide bases). The workings of the DNA molecule provide the most fundamental explanation of the laws of genetics. DNA acts in three important ways. First, when a cell divides the DNA uncoils and each strand creates a new partner from the surrounding material – a process called 'replication'. The two cells that result from the cell division have the same DNA as the original. Second, in sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one of the two strands in the DNA of the offspring. Third, inside the cell the DNA governs the production of proteins and other molecules essential to cell function.


The HCI community uses at least four different formulas for Fitts' law. Each of them is derived from Shannon's information theory. This raises the question which formula is wrong and which is right. While the HCI community on the one hand gives free choice for the formula, it demands good statistical values for the evaluation on the other hand. From a scientific point of view this situation is not satisfying.


Calculators are often unnecessary to solve routine problems, though they are convenient for offloading cognitively effortful processes. However, errors can arise if incorrect procedures are used or when users fail to monitor the output for keystroke mistakes. To investigate the conditions under which people's attention are captured by errant calculator outputs (i.e., from incorrectly chosen procedures or keystroke errors), we programmed an onscreen calculator to "lie" by changing the answers displayed on certain problems. We measured suspicion by tracking whether users explicitly reported suspicion, overrode calculator "lies", or re-checked their calculations after a "lie" was presented. In Study 1, we manipulated the concreteness of problem presentation and calculator delay between subjects to test how these affect suspicion towards "lies" (15% added to answers). We found that numeracy had no effect on whether people opted-in or out of using the calculator but did predict whether they would become suspicious. Very few people showed suspicion overall, however. For study 2, we increased the "lies" to 120% on certain answers and included questions with "conceptual lies" shown (e.g., a negative sign that should have been positive). We again found that numeracy had no effect on calculator usage, but, along with concrete formatting, did predict suspicion behavior. This was found regardless of "lie" type. For study 3, we reproduced these effects after offering students an incentive for good performance, which did raise their accuracy across the math problems overall but did not increase suspicion behavior. We conclude that framing problems within a concrete domain and being higher in numeracy increases the likelihood of spotting errant calculator outputs, regardless of incentive.


The expert system is applied to the fault diagnosis of mine power supply network, and a way to realize the fault diagnosis expert system of mine power supply network is put forward. In this paper, the mine power supply network fault diagnosis expert system is based on Visual C ++ 6.0 development environment and SQL2008 database development and design, the use of configuration technology scalability, the use of ODBC technology and DDE technology to achieve configuration software and expert systems Data interaction. Knowledge base and reasoning machine is the core of the expert system, we mainly introduce a knowledge base and reasoning machine implementation method.


Aim:  Hypothyroid state during embryogenesis disturbs normal growth and brain development, influencing later life. To evaluate the harmful consequences of the state during embryogenesis using an animal model, we inhibited thyroid hormone biosynthesis in chick embryos by using methimazole (MMI).


3D PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS MODEL OF FRACTURED-CAVED RESERVOIR BASED ON SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION Yizhao Wan,1,2,∗ Nengyou Wu,1,2 Changling Liu,1,2 Qiang Chen,1,2 & Yuewu Liu3 1The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, 266071, China 2Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China 3Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China


An algorithm, based on the OPP reduction method, to automatically compute any one-loop amplitude, for all momentum, color and helicity configurations of the external particles, is presented. It has been implemented using the tree-order matrix element code HELAC and the OPP reduction code CutTools. As a demonstration of the potential of the current implementation, results for all sub-processes included in the 2007 Les Houches wish list for LHC, are presented.


The depletion of oxygen in a stockpile of combustible material is investigated in this study. The process is modeled in a spherical domain of thermal conductivity that is temperature dependent, where oxygen trapped within the system reacts spontaneously with carbon containing material of the stockpile. The spontaneous reaction is due to exothermic chemical reaction taking place within the stockpile when oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide, heat and water are part of products. The process is assumed also to undergo complete combustion. The complicated combustion process is tackled by assuming a onestep irreversible chemical reaction. The derived partial differential equations for heat transfer and oxygen consumption mass transfer are numerically solved using Finite Difference Method (FDM). Effects of embedded kinetic parameters on temperature and reactant consumption behaviors are depicted graphically and discussed accordingly.


This paper incorporates home production into a standard labor search-and-matching model. Incorporating information available from the American Time Use Survey, we find estimates of time spent at home production. Capturing these empirical measures as exogenous benefits received by unemployed workers, does not significantly increase the volatility generated by a standard model. We show, however, that endogenous home production acts as an amplification mechanism, considerably improving the ability of a standard model in generating fluctuations of labor market variables. JEL Classification: D13; E24; E32; J63; J64.


Mice with a targeted mutation of the p75 low affinity neurotrophin receptor display smaller peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia. Here we show that transgenic mice have a significant elevation of thresholds to noxious mechanical and heat stimuli compared with p75+/+ control mice. Immunocytochemical analysis using antibodies against PGP 9.5 (a panaxonal marker) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP, which labels peptidergic neurons) showed a reduction to 73% and 54%, respectively, of the epidermal innervation density. However, analysis of the cell size distribution of toluidine blue‐stained dorsal root ganglia showed no selective loss of neurons of particular diameters. Moreover, the neurochemical profile of dorsal root ganglia cells as defined by trkA, CGRP, I84 and RT97 immunostaining revealed no significant differences in comparison with p75+/+ animals. Staining of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord for CGRP and 164 was also normal in p75‐/‐animals. Taking into account a previously reported loss of ‐50% dorsal root ganglion neurons, we conclude that all types of sensory neurons are equally depleted in p75‐/‐ mice and that the absence of p75 impedes the development of more than one neuronal subtype.


This article reviews the status, the challenges, and the perspective of 1T-1C dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip. The basic principles of the DRAM are presented, introducing the key functional aspects and the structure of modern devices. We present the most relevant historical trends for different modules of the memory chip, such as access device and storage element, reviewing some of the technological challenges faced by industry to guarantee the device shrinking imposed by the economic law. The most recent solutions introduced by the industry in modern DRAM devices for the critical elements are presented. Finally, a survey of the most critical bottleneck for future development is presented, reviewing some of the potential trends and perspectives of DRAM development.


Based on the interactions between foundation and structure,dynamic analysis of displacement and velocity and acceleration for the building near the railway show that the speedy train affects the daily life of the nearby residents,it is needed to get some ways about separation vibration from nearby resident areas.


The fluorinated chalcones were prepared by well known Claisen-Schimidts reaction of fluorinated ketone and substituted aromatic aldehyde,these chalcones further treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of acetic acid gives fluorinated isoxazolines.The synthesized compounds are characterized by IR and NMR technique. They were subjected for antibacterial activity against E.Coli and S.Aureus.


The male and female genitalia and accessory glands of five British species of pseudoscorpion of the genus Chthonius are described. The taxonomic significance of the genitalia is considered.

Summary

The male and female genitalia of five species representing the genus Chthonius are fundamentally similar in form. However minor differences do occur which are of possible taxonomic significance at both the sub-generic and specific levels. Thus, the two species C. kewi and C. tetrachelatus of the sub-genus Ephippiochthonius have a number of characters in common which differ from those of the remaining three species, C. ischnocheles, C. tenuis and C. orthodactylus of the subgenus Chthonius (s.st). Other genital characters can be used to separate the five species.

Such small differences in the genitalia suggests that spermatophore formation and deposition in the four species C. tenuis, C. tetrachelatus, C. kewi and C. orthodactylus is not different from that of C. ischnocheles (Legg, 1973). What differences that do occur, for example, the thickening of the roof of the medial diverticulcum, size of the males and the pheromone produced by the lateral glands, probably are aids to species isolation.


Global models comprising the sixth-generation Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are downscaled using a very high-resolution but simplified coupled atmosphere–ocean tropical cyclone model, as a means of estimating the response of global tropical cyclone activity to increasing greenhouse gases. As with a previous downscaling of CMIP5 models, the results show an increase in both the frequency and severity of tropical cyclones, robust across the models downscaled, in response to increasing greenhouse gases. The increase is strongly weighted to the Northern Hemisphere, and especially noteworthy is a large increase in the higher latitudes of the North Atlantic. Changes are insignificant in the South Pacific across metrics. Although the largest increases in track density are far from land, substantial increases in global landfalling power dissipation are indicated. The incidence of rapid intensification increases rapidly with warming, as predicted by existing theory. Measures of robustness across downscaled climate models are presented, and comparisons to tropical cyclones explicitly simulated in climate models are discussed.


Abstract : Current composites for the military (e.g. carbon fibers) are typically derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer fibers. Synthesis utilizes toxic chemicals, volatile organic solvents and extremely high temperatures. The technical approach herein addresses these shortcomings by replacing said toxic materials with protein nanotubes/nanofibrils generated from waste materials and utilizing aqueous based fiber spinning to eliminate the need for hazardous processes. B. OBJECTIVE: This effort brings together the expertise of Professor Gerrard's team at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand with that of the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) for the development and characterization of military relevant fibers. We have specifically explored the feasibility of spinning protein nanotubes into fibers and initiated characterization of the properties of such fibers. Our deliverable includes methods for controlling nanofibril structure, spinning fish lens protein into fibers, identification of important spin dope processing and fiber spinning parameters for further optimization as well as a qualitative comparison of the properties of the fibers for selected variables explored.


OBJECTIVE
Although the incidence of urolithiasis is lower in children than in adults, the number of children with urolithiasis is increasing. Phytate, a naturally occurring compound present in legumes, nuts, and whole meals, has antilithiasic activity. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the urinary levels of phytate in children and to correlate these levels with other urinary parameters related to crystallization risk and to general dietary habits.

DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cohort study conducted from April 2012 to March 2013 in the Laboratory of Investigation in Renal Lithiasis and at Son Espases Universitary Hospital in Palma de Majorca, Spain.

SUBJECTS
Subjects included 165 healthy schoolchildren aged 5 to 12 years.

INTERVENTION
All subjects followed their habitual diet. Information on the main dietary habits of the study subjects was obtained by asking each child's parents to fill out a dietary questionnaire.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Phytate and citrate concentration and excretion were measured in 2 urine samples (a spot sample and a 12-hour overnight sample) for each child. Furthermore, common urinary biochemical indicators of stone risk were measured in each sample.

RESULTS
The urinary phytate concentrations were low in this child population because of low consumption of dietary phytate. The urinary concentrations of phytate and citrate were low in 27.5% of these children.

CONCLUSION
Because both substances are important inhibitors of crystallization, these finding suggests that these children are at risk of crystallization. Moreover, their diets consisted of foods rich in animal protein, with insufficient consumption of vegetables, legumes, and fruits.


Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) is used to deplete membrane cholesterol leading to disruption of lipid rafts. Previously, we have shown that MβCD alters mu opioid‐mediated acute and chronic signaling to adenylyl cyclase in HEK293 cells. The effects of MβCD are due to the removal of membrane cholesterol, since treatment of HEK293 cells expressing the FLAG‐tagged mu receptor (HEK FLAG‐mu) with MβCD that is pre‐complexed to cholesterol restored signaling of the mu agonist, DAMGO. Although, we have confirmed that mu receptors are present in cholesterol‐enriched raft membranes using detergent and non‐detergent based methods, they are also present in non‐raft membranes. Here we use cholesterol modulators to test the hypothesis that the effects observed following cholesterol removal by MβCD are indeed due to disruption of lipid rafts rather than alterations in general membrane environment. Treatment of HEK FLAG‐mu cells with other cholesterol modulators, including cholesterol oxidase (0.5U/ml, 1h) and sphingomyelinase (0.1U/ml, 2h), to disrupt lipid rafts without affecting membrane viscosity, did not alter the ability of DAMGO to interact acutely or chronically with adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, modulation of mu opioid signaling by MβCD appears to be due to the general effects of cholesterol depletion on membrane environment rather than disruption of lipid rafts. Supported by DA04087, DA07267, GM07767, DA22377.


This paper deals with the design and implementation of a flexible controller which is suitable for different types of robots and control algorithms. The flexible controller allows use of different control modes at the various joints of the robot. The controller uses a multiprocessor architecture for the individual control of each joint. The DSP56001 digital signal processor is selected as the host processor, executes control algorithms and gives trajectory orders to each joint. The HCTL-1100 is selected as the joint processor and is capable of operating in different modes can be connected directly to an incremental optical encoder, provides the user with options to fit different specialized applications and eliminates extra hardware.


Alterations in DNA methylation occur at different stages of cancer, including initiation, and may underlie up-regulation of genes with oncogenic functions. The NOTCH pathway is often overactive in breast cancer and plays roles in cancer development and progression. It is therefore a possible target for anti-cancer strategies. However, the mechanisms of NOTCH regulation in mammary carcinogenesis remain unclear which hinders the development of effective approaches to target this oncogenic pathway. Interestingly, certain dietary compounds such as polyphenols with a stilbenoid structure suppress the NOTCH signals in cancer and were shown in our study to modify epigenetic marks in genes positively regulating the pathway, including MAML2. In the present study, using two polyphenols, resveratrol from grapes and pterostilbene from blueberries, we investigate the implication of DNA methylation in regulation of NOTCH in breast cancer. Non-invasive MCF10CA1h and invasive MCF10CA1a human breast cancer cell lines were used as an experimental model. Following genome-wide DNA methylation analysis with Illumina 450K BeadChip array, pyrosequencing and QPCR were performed to assess methylation and expression of MAML2 and NOTCH target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was applied to determine binding of epigenetic enzymes to MAML2 regulatory region. Depletion with siRNA was applied to establish functional link between MAML2 silencing and NOTCH activity. We found 4,293 CpG sites differentially methylated upon 9-day treatment of MCF10CA1h breast cancer cells with 15µM resveratrol as compared to untreated cells (0.05 Our results establish a role for epigenetic modifications in regulation of NOTCH oncogenic signaling in breast cancer. It constitutes a novel insight into regulation of oncogenic signals in cancer and provides support for epigenetic-targeting strategies as an effective anti-cancer approach. This study was supported by the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Indiana CTSI (UL1TR001108), and Women9s Global Health Institute granted to BS. Citation Format: Katarzyna Lubecka, Lucinda Kurzava, Kirsty Flower, Hannah Buvala, Dorothy Teegarden, Ignacio Camarillo, James M. Flanagan, Barbara Stefanska. Epigenetic regulation of NOTCH oncogenic signaling in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.


Photoswitch triads comprised of two dihydroazulene (DHA) units in conjugation to a central trans- azobenzene (AZB) unit were prepared in stepwise protocols starting from meta - and para -disubstituted azobenzenes. The para -connected triad had significantly altered optical properties and lacked the photoactivity of the separate photochromes. Instead, for the meta -connected triad all three photochromes could be photoisomerized to generate an isomer with two vinylheptafulvene (VHF) units and a cis- azobenzene unit. The photoisomerizations were studied by ultrafast spectroscopy, revealing a fast DHA-to-VHF photoisomerization and a slower trans -to- cis AZB photoisomerization. This meta triad underwent thermal VHF-to-DHA back-conversions with a similar rate of all VHFs, independent of the identity of the neighboring units, and in parallel thermal cis -to- trans AZB conversion. The experimental observations were supported by computations (excitation spectra and orbital analysis of the transitions).


A new method for the design of digital controllers is described. The method, given in the form of a computer package, makes use of the time domain matrix techniques and incorporates routines for: (a) time domain evaluation of the system transfer matrix, (b) servo and regulator mode design for any form of disturbance input, (c) evaluation of intersample response, (d) stability assessment and (e) choice of optimum sampling interval and hold circuit. The package has been used to design optimum controllers for the on-line control of a water-heating process by using an Argus 400 computer.


This paper presents a summary of many studies of different aspects of the structural behaviour and design of circular steel silos carried out over the last six years as part of a research programme at the Universities of Sydney and Edinburgh. A review of the first two stages of this programme was given by Rotter et al at the second conference of this series in 1986. This new review summarises many new investigations of structural problems in metal silos which have been addressed since. Topics covered by the updated review are: (a) buckling of cylinders under axial compression considering the effects of circumferential lap and welded joints, internal pressurisation from bulk solids, the stiffness of the stored bulk solid, and the effect of column supports; (b) the equivalent orthotropic elastic properties of corrugated cylinders and the plastic collapse of corrugated cylinders under combined axial compression and bulk solids pressure; (c) yielding and rupture of hoppers under filling and flow pressures; (d) elastic and plastic buckling of rings at steel silo transition junctions; and (e) plastic collapse of steel silo transition junctions. For each of the topics discussed, sources are listed where more detailed information may be found.


Drugs administered with metered dose inhalers (MDI) are prone to "inhalation errors" because many patients are incapable of co-ordinating the activation of the aerosol with inspiration. powder device (DPD) without difficulty (Paterson & Crompton 1976). Clinical evaluation of DPDs has shown that in general bioequivalence with MDIs is only achieved by using a higher dose. In this study the distribution of salbutamol sulphate (Rotocapm) , from a commercially available DPD (Rotahale&)) was examined in an in vitra model lung and compared with the distribution of salbutamol base from a MDI (Ventolinm). an earlier design of Rotahaler (Hallworth 1977).


We numerically investigate the modal and total time correlation functions and the corresponding power spectra for the Nikolaevskii equation. The modal power spectrum exhibits Lorentzian for low-frequency ranges, while the total power spectrum diverges in the low-frequency limit. The dynamic exponent is equal to 2 and 3/2 for smaller and larger system sizes, respectively. The relationship between the Nikolaevskii turbulence and the soft-mode turbulence is also discussed.


The preparation of CuO-TiO_2 composite nanopowder and its in-situ doping in Al_2O_3 microwave dielectric ceramics were investigated.CuO-TiO_2 composite nanopowder with the average particle size of 50 nm was synthesized by sol-gel method.CuO-TiO_2 gel formed a homogenous colloid on the surface of Al_2O_3 powder.CuOTiO_2 composite nanopowder was formed in situ when Al_2O_3 colloid was calcined at 750 ℃.The sintering temperature of Al_2O_3 ceramics was decreased to 1 320 ℃ due to CuO-TiO_2 eutectic at 1 030 ℃.The extra TiO_2 which can adjust the resonant frequency temperature coefficient of Al_2O_3 ceramics was uniformly dispersed in Al_2O_3 ceramics.The dielectric constant,the quality factor and the temperature coefficient frequency of the Al_2O_3 ceramics doped with 0.5% CuO(mol fraction) and 10% TiO_2(mol fraction) sintered at 1 320 ℃ were 10.92,30 540 GHz,(-5.6×)10~(-6) /℃,respectively.


A 32-stage CCD binary-analog time-integrating correlator with a dynamic range greater than 40dB will be described. Time-bandwidth product is 250.


Purpose

This paper aims to figure out the relationship between energy consumption flow from a new perspective of embodied energy inventory index (EEII) and regional economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The input-output approach has been applied to calculate embodied energy inventory (EEI) and EEII using the data of 25 economies. Meanwhile, cluster analysis and panel data modeling were applied to carry out detailed research.

Findings

The results of cluster analysis show that there is a roughly negative relationship between EEII and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, although there are some exceptions, such as Russia and Taiwan (Province of China). Panel data model results provide further evidence that there is a negative relationship between EEII and GDP per capita. Population is an important productive factor in the regional economic development. The study showed a positive relationship between EEII and population. Therefore, energy consumption flow is closely related to regional economic development.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is to use EEI and EEII to comprehensively clarify the energy consumption flow. The advantage of EEII is that it can reflect the energy embodied in fixed assets and infrastructure.


Indonesia has a mega-diversity of plant and animal. The local people in Indonesia usually take the benefits of plant diversity in their environment. The use of herbal medicine is widespread, not only for local people but also for modern society. The aim of this study is to review plant medicine with a role in the reproduction system of Indonesian society, and also conservation biodiversity efforts of endemic plants in Indonesia. These include Sauropus androgynus, Elephantopus scaber, and Polycias obtusa. All of them have already been proven as stimuli of the reproductive system, with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The role of rural community in Indonesia was to conserve the herbal plants in their environment and obtain some benefits to maintain their good health. Besides rural communities, government, companies, and researchers also have a role in the conservation of herbal medicine.


To investigate regionally the validity of the patient consent process for lower limb arthroplasty, compared to set data standards, with a view to investigating whether the consent process could be improved, and if so, how?

 Regional data from 8 hospital trusts (50 data sets collected from each hospital) across England was collected retrospectively from May 1st, 2021, (25 THR, 25 TKR), collated and collectively analysed against agreed, pre-determined set criterion.
 Data standards included ascertaining whether alternatives to surgery were offered and exploring the likely benefits and risks.
 Capacity to consent for procedure-specific surgery was measured as patients' ability to understand, weigh up, retain, and communicate their decisions regarding surgery.
 Hospitals regional data was collectively analysed.

 Capacity was only successfully fulfilled and documented regionally in 11.6% of hip and 13.9% of knee replacement surgeries, despite Consent Form 1 having been filled out in 94.8% and 88.5% of cases respectively, which were procedure specific in only 74.0% and 72.1% of cases.

 Significant improvement can clearly be made to an area of already such high clinical negligence claims.
 We propose a novel solution involving the digitalisation of the consent process, including multimedia surgical videos to better inform patients and reliably assist in establishing the validity of a patient's consent.
 The implications of this are limited not only to Orthopaedic surgery but could have far-reaching consequences across all surgical (and indeed medical) specialties, where obtaining valid and informed consent for procedures remains integral to quality patient care.


The unbalanced grid condition is one of common fault in the power system, the performance of electronic equipment will reduce when the controller designer without considering the unbalanced grid input. The traditional controller design methods of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) converter, are based on the instantaneous power model and the double-closed loops proportional integral (PI) controller, where the positive- and negative-sequence current components are controlled separately. Thus, there are eight mutual influenced control parameters need to be tuned, it is a difficult task. In addition, the performance of PI controller will degrade when the working point changes in a large scale. In this paper, a constant frequency current model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed for the three-phase PWM converter under unbalanced grid condition. In this strategy, the positive- and negative-sequence predictive current values are calculated by the predictive model and the cost function of MPC is designed, the duration times of voltage vectors are produced directly by minimizing the cost function in each sector and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used, thus the constant switching frequency of system is guaranteed. The proposed method has less control parameters need to be tuned and can realize the accurately and quickly current adjustment under unbalanced grid condition, which is proved by the simulation results.


The paper characterizes the core of many-to-one matching problem with quotas. The many-to-one matching problem with quotas may have an empty core, and there is no clear set of necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee non-emptiness of the core. Usual sufficient conditions for non-emptiness of the core for matching problems cannot be applied for the problem with quotas. We introduce set strong substitutability of preferences, a refinement of strong substitutability for the problem with quotas. We show that if preferences are set strongly substitutable, then the core of many-to-one matching problem with quotas is non-empty. Moreover, we prove that in this case the core has a lattice structure with opposition of interests. Length: 16