Happy New Year! We made it to 2018! All of us here at the journal wish you and your family a healthy, prosperous, joyous, and successful year. We have selected 5 articles from our January issue that will introduce you to Volume 158! In our first article, Panwar and colleagues examine postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing laryngectomy as a function of whether or not they have an intraoperative (primary) tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP). Using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement program (NSQIP) database, the authors examined a pool of 430 patients who underwent total laryngectomy with or without a TEP. They evaluated a series of common postoperative wound complications and compared the incidence of these events among patients in those 2 cohorts. While the authors did note a small but significant increase in overall wound complications among patients who underwent primary TEP, there was no increase in superficial or deep wound infections. The authors discuss the importance and relevance of their findings and the implications for clinical practice. In the second article, Bartindale and associates perform a systematic review to examine the prevalence of hearing loss (conductive or sensorineural) after microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). Using standard methodology, their systematic review identified 69 relevant studies with 18,233 procedures that met inclusion criteria, 7093 for TN and 11,140 for HFS. The overall reported prevalence in their review was 5.58% for TN and 8.25% for HFS, although many of these assessments relied on subjective reports by patients. When evaluating the 23 studies that used perioperative audiometry, the prevalence of combined hearing loss was noted to be 13.47% for TN and 13.39% for HFS. Based on their review, the authors conclude that conductive and sensorineural hearing loss are important potential complications of MVD and that routine audiometry is of value in assessing the prevalence related to this procedure. They discuss the implications of their findings. In our third article, Castro and associates assess the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia in the first hours after thyroidectomy. Using a prospective evaluation of 123 patients, the authors measured intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels preoperatively and postoperatively for at least 48 hours after surgery. They looked at 3 different metrics in their ability to predict the development of clinically significant hypocalcemia. In examining these measures, the authors noted that a preto postoperative decrease in iPTH of <80% was rarely associated with progression to hypocalcemia and a postoperative iPTH of <3 pg/mL was strongly predictive of the development of hypocalcemia. The authors discuss their model and its implication for postoperative screening and treatment of patients undergoing thyroidectomy. In the fourth article, Hirshoren and colleagues evaluate the role of preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. In their study, they examined the results of preoperative PET/CT and compared them with pathological results for cervical lymphadenectomy among 64 patients. The authors noted that the positive predictive value (PPV) of PET/CT in their patients was 91% with excellent specificity. They suggest that PET/CT has a role in the preoperative workup of patients with cutaneous SCC of the head and neck and discuss how PET/CT can be useful in the surgical planning for these patients. Finally, Error and colleagues examine the use of a preoperative checklist in the planning of endoscopic sinus surgical procedures and its value in improving identification of critical anatomic structures and their variation among otolaryngology residents prior to surgery. The authors examined 57 CT scans among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery and noted that the accurate assessment of critical sinus anatomy improved from 24% to 84% correct identification, with significant improvement among both junior and senior residents. Based on their assessment and the use of the checklist, the authors note that resident identification of critical sinus anatomy is more complete and accurate. They discuss the application of their findings for education and practice. I am pleased to present these 5 articles for your New Year's reading. Please take a few minutes to look at these interesting 743496OTOXXX10.1177/0194599817743496Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryKrouse 2017© The Author(s) 2010


Landslide risks are expected to increase with climate change in large parts of Sweden due to increased annual precipitation, more intense precipitation and increased flows combined with dryer summers. In response to this climate threat and on commission of the Ministry of Environment the Swedish Geotechnical Institute has initiated a risk analysis project for the most prominent landslide risk area in Sweden: the Göta river valley. Human life, settlements, industry, contaminated sites, infrastructure of national importance are important elements at risk. Focusing on the consequences of landslides this paper aims to show the process and structure of this regional consequence analysis by presenting suggestions on how to describe, quantify, value, total and visualize widely different consequences. The consequence analysis is GIS-aided in using existing databases for quantification and estimation of values, in calculating expected monetary losses and within visualization. The goal of the consequence analysis is to produce a map of geographically distributed expected losses, which can be combined with a corresponding map displaying landslide probability.


Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond are attracting growing attention due to potential applications in solid-state quantum information processing and magnetometry. Although proof-of-principle experiments have been demonstrated, further development requires the controllable production of defects with a high yield. In this paper, we experimentally show that the production efficiency of NV defects strongly depends on the ion implantation energy. This can be explained in terms of the number of vacancies produced per implanted ion and surface proximity. The dependence on ion fluence is also underlined, revealing a nonlinear regime and showing how the diamond lattice is damaged at higher fluences.


Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic
in South Asia. The purpose of this paper is on the way to examine the medical, socio-economic challenges facing the nation. The
study design includes nationwide COVID-19 data at the country level that
were paired with the distressed population of healthcare, socio-economic
status. Qualitative information and quantitative data from disparate sources
have been used from secondary sources. From official sources by using data,
guesses have been made of the defenseless population. Our analysis shows that
there are inadequate well-resourced hospitals, insufficient challenging
services, insufficient understanding, incorrect knowledge, attitudes and
practices to guidelines, poverty and dangerous employment are the main issues
in the spread of COVID-19. Stern law implementation measures should be made and
ensuring that people follow the rules can help to lessen the spread of
infection. Satisfactory medical facilities are crucial for founding appropriate
health services.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: mixing rotor comprises rotary part. Rotary part surface has multiple mixing blades. Mixing machine chamber inner surfaces makes mixing chamber. Rotary part is arranged in mixing chamber to apply shear force to materials to be mixed. Mixed materials pass through clearance at tips. First long blade has tip to make with mixing chamber three-step clearances over different-size tips. Said clearances are combined of large, medium and small clearances. They are located along first long blade. Every other second long, first and second short blades hast tip to make with mixing chamber the clearance over tips. EFFECT: higher quality of mixing. 10 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl


The Riemann sectional curvature tensor of the Bergman metric of the domains that are thin intersections of the (strongly) pseudoconvex domains in C n with C 2 boundaries, n ≥ 2, is asymptotically equivalent to that of corresponding Siegel domains


Abstract We prove that if (M, g, X) is a noncompact four dimensional shrinking soliton with bounded nonnegative curvature operator, then (M, g) is isometric to or a finite quotient of or S 3 × ℝ. In the process we also show that a complete shrinking soliton (M, g, X) with bounded curvature is gradient and κ-noncollapsed and the dilation of a Type I singularity is a shrinking soliton. Further in dimension three we show shrinking solitons with bounded curvature can be classified under only the assumption of Rc ≧ 0. The proofs rely on the technical construction of a singular reduced length function, a function which behaves as the reduced length function but can be extended to singular times.


Excerpt The inhalation of a variety of organic dusts has been shown to result in a hypersensitivity pneumonitis in susceptible individuals. The dusts shown to lead to these disorders may either be ...


This paper reports various experimental observa- tions on desiccation tests performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions over samples of 'Bengawan Solo soil', from a defence embankment along the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. Data has been reported on the volumetric shrinkage and desiccation cracking exhibited on samples upon air-drying. Water retention curve was obtained to analyse the material properties during shrinkage. A number of tests have been car- ried out to study the desiccation process; in circular desicca- tion plate over 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm soil thickness. To characterise the crack patterns quantitatively digital image analysis (DIA) techniques have been used to analyse the desic- cation plate tests. Crack parameters e.g., number of crack in- tersections, number of crack segments, total length of cracks, average width of cracks and crack intensity factor (CIF) have been determined for this purpose.


Summary form only as given. The interpretation of and responses to US Federal and State regulations on compensation practices for engineers and other exempt employees have changed. This paper surveys compensation practices of Alaskan consulting engineering firms, examines Federal and State regulations, and recommends practices that are fair to both the employee and the employer.


This study evaluated knowledge and attitudes of undergraduates regarding nutrition and health of the aged and students' intentions of pursuing career involvement with older adults. The participants evaluated were undergraduates from three mid-western universities (n=1,755). The majority of those surveyed were uninformed and unlikely to pursue career involvement with older adults. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.


This study uses standard Minagkabau language as research data. Standard Minangkabau
language in question is the language used by the people of Minangkabau in the city of Padang.
In addition to the data from the primary sources, secondary data sources are also utilized.
Primary data source comes from several informants noted and recorded through a list of
questions in the form of research instruments, while the sources the secondary data are obtained
from several Kaba books.
This study aims at observing the patterns of successive sequences in Minangkabau
language at various levels, particularly the level of noun phrases, transitive and intransitive
clauses, as well as the level of sentences that contain syntactic function. In this study, theoretical
framework used is boundedness hierarchy theory hierarchical attachment theory proposed by
Foley (1973). Further, it also used the theory of clause verbs in the work Jufrizal (2007), and the
theory of language typology according to Greenberg and Lehmann in Sudaryanto (1976).
Based on this theoretical framework, the data obtained are the analysed. The provision of
data are analyzed through the stages of collecting data from informants. In the provision of data
the researcher also acts as an informant because the researcher as native speakers of these
languages can generate language.
The Findings obtained from this study are classified according to the sorting at the level
of phrases, clauses and sentences. At the level of phrases it can be observed the occurrence of
hierarchical reversal that occurs in the order of phrases that are adjacent to that prevailing in
Eastern Austronesian languages (Oceania) proposed by Foley. At a lower level (phrase)
sequence patterns that occurs obviously show the differences are so obvious, however at a higher
(relative clauses, clauses, and sentences) sequence patterns tend to have more in common. At the
level of clause and sentence level, the order of the normative functions such as subject, predicate,
object, and the details are on one row of the constituents. However, the patterns of declarative
sentence also enable information sequence to precede the normative pattern, which starts the
constituent description of the subject, predicate and object. While in precedes O in the imperative
sentence, predicate and object function is typically inserted phatic constituents. So in the order
precedes with are inserted phatic there are also variations in the pattern when a dissenter precede
predicate or object with the order of subject-predicate or predicate-compliment, and subject
predicate that precedes phatic constituents. On the pattern of interrogative sentence, the predicate
and the subject can be interpolated information or subject, predicate statement preceded the
question of which the word asked, where attendance is optional.
Prepositions in the language sequence patterns Minangkabau are basically similar to the
Indonesian language, as revealed Sudaryanto namely: nouns are always preceded by complying
with the principle of the preposition. Raised among other meanings, bookmark simultaneity, do
something, equalization, and appointment of reasons.
As for the meaning of the designation means, simultaneity of actions, objectives,
sustainability and because it is the meaning found in the sequence preposition preceding nouns,
adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. If the construction is formed with a blend of nouns, the resulted
meaning contains the results and the locative. However, it does not mean genetive.


Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures are responsible for almost half of the fractures in the elderly. The financial burdens of IT fractures are considerable, not only because of their influence on morbidity and mortality but also because they might lead to functional limitation, alleviated quality of life, and a limited possibility to work. There are several methods of fixations for IT fractures, such as cephalomedullary nailing, dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femur plate, and external fixator. Most of the patients with this fracture were unsuitable for anesthesia and surgical procedure. The external fixator is a fast, non-invasive, and bloodless method for fixation which would be performed with light sedation. In the present study, we reviewed recent literature regarding external fixators for IT fractures.


ABsTRAcr. If k(x, y) is a measurable, real valued, finite a.e. function on X x Y, then necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the two iterated Lebesgue integrals of k(x, y) to be equal and finite by employing Saks' theorem on the convergence of a sequence of finite measures and the Vitali convergence theorem. The conditions, more general than those of either Fubini's or Tonelli's theorems in this case, are applied to an example of a nonintegrable function to show that its iterated integrals are in fact equal and finite.


This evaluation of ten matching grant funds for enterprise development concludes that matching grant funds address the need to build domestic capacity to support businesses. Performance has been mixed, however, and best practice models are needed. Grant funding may be justified for technical knowhow, but support should be temporary and should be phased out as soon as the main objective, market take-off, is achieved. Developing viable new business is critical to recovery and long-term growth, especially in transition economies. There has been a long history of public support of enterprise development, starting with centralized state agency initiatives but moving more recently to decentralized instruments for development of the business services market. The window of time during which the benefits of intervention are likely to be greatest: When a market is in its infancy and its development is constrained by uncertainty and lack of information. Interventions for enterprise support should be demand-responsive and flexibly organized. In some circumstances, centralized assistance may still be effective, but it is generally better to use competitive private service providers responding to enterprises' changing needs. The main task is to stimulate the private services sector, improving its capacity to respond to the demands of new and expanding private enterprises. Support for enterprises has tended to be either free or heavily subsidized. But such subsidies can be justified only if interventions efficiently supply public goods. Providing technical and management knowhow can be a public good if it generates externalities - if, for example, knowhow benefits can be disseminated at proportionately low additional cost. Any subsidy for an intervention should be temporary and should be phased out when the main objective of intervention is achieved - that is, when the market takes off. Grants should generally be for knowhow, not for equipment. There may be a case for unbundling the knowhow component of loans (including feasibility studies and follow-up expert services) for grant funding. A package combining loans and grants - through a single financial institution or through separate institutions - may work, provided safeguards can be put in place to prevent perverse use of grants. The matching grant model, which is used increasingly in the World Bank and elsewhere, is one solution - but it must be justified and carefully designed. After evaluating ten matching grant funds, Phillips concludes that performance is mixed. Best practice models are needed. Ensuring economic benefits requires proactive management with clear objectives of market facilitation (making a market). And it requires a balance between rapid grant approval procedures and careful selection of services for grants. This paper - a product of the Private and Financial Sectors Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia - is part of a larger effort in the region to develop new instruments to support enterprise restructuring and development, especially in former Soviet Union economies.


The design, fabrication, and characterization of 0.1 /spl mu/m AlSb/InAs HEMT's are reported. These devices have an In/sub 0.4/Al/sub 0.6/As/AlSb composite barrier above the InAs channel and a p/sup +/ GaSb layer within the AlSb buffer layer. The HEMT's exhibit a transconductance of 600 mS/mm and an f/sub T/ of 120 GHz at V/sub Ds/=0.6 V. An intrinsic f/sub T/ of 160 GHz is obtained after the gate bonding pad capacitance is removed from an equivalent circuit. The present HEMT's have a noise figure of 1 dB with 14 dB associated gain at 4 GHz and V/sub Ds/=0.4 V. Noise equivalent circuit simulation indicates that this noise figure is primarily limited by gate leakage current and that a noise figure of 0.3 dB at 4 GHz is achievable with expected technological improvements. HEMT's with a 0.5 /spl mu/m gate length on the same wafer exhibit a transconductance of 1 S/mm and an intrinsic f/sub T/L/sub g/, product of 50 GHz-/spl mu/m.


The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIR210HG in preeclampsia development.We collected placental tissue from 25 patients with preeclampsia (PE) and 25 healthy pregnant women and analysed the differences in lncRNAs between the placental tissues. HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected with the MIR210HG from the samples, and we observed the effects on the biological activities of HTR8/SVneo cells in conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) by transwell and wound-healing assays. To clarify the mechanisms of action, we used the Western blot assay to measure the expression levels of relative proteins (MUC1-C, SMAD2, Snail, E-cadherin and N-cadherin) and cellular immunofluorescence to measure Erk protein nuclear volume. We also evaluated the correlations between expression of MIR210HG and that of miR-1226-3p, miR-1226-3p and MUC1-C by luciferase reporter assay.Chip hybridisation and scans revealed that MIR210HG expression was significantly more depressed in patients with PE than in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.001). With MIR210HG overexpression, HTR8/SVneo cell invasion and migration were significantly increased in an environment of H/R plus pcDNA3.1, microRNA negative control (miR-NC) or hsa-miR-1226-3p in comparison with an environment of H/R alone (p < 0.001, respectively). Levels of miR-1226-3p were significantly suppressed in lncRNA samples subjected to H/R (p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, miR-1226-3p depressed MIR210HG activity, thereby ameliorating PE.By regulating miR-1226-3p/MUC1-C activity, MIR210HG can help ameliorate preeclampsia.


The prevention and cure effect of 9% corn seed coating of chlorpyrifos diniconazole on hypogenous pests and maize head smut were studied with the method of plot experiments in He'nan,Heilongjiang,Jilin and Inner Mongolia during 2007-2008.The results showed that no negative effects of 9% corn seedcoating of chlorpyrifos diniconazole on maize were found;when the proportion of the test pesticide was 1∶50,its control effect on hypogenous pests was 79.85%,differences in control effects with control pesticide was small and largely insignificant,its control effect on maize head smut was 81.06%,and slightly higher than control pesticide(5% Diniconazole),but significantly higher than control(20% alkoxylated surfactant/attapulgite clay);when the proportion of the test pesticide was 1∶60,its control effect on hypogenous pests was 71.57%,its control effect on maize head smut was 72.65%,both of these had no significant difference with the control pesticide;when the proportion of the test pesticide was 1∶70,its control effect on hypogenous pests was 60.08%,its control effect on maize head smut was 60.95%,both of these significantly lower than control pesticide.Therefore the 9% corn seed coating of chlorpyrifos diniconazole was an ideal chemical pesticide on controlling hypogenous pests and maize head smut.The best range of proportion of pesticide and seeds was from 1∶50 to 1∶60.


The essential Christological and soteriological message of the Letter of St. Paul to the Romans precedes with the reflection on the biblical idea of the retributive justice of God. He does not do it to humiliate Jews and Gentiles because of the sin in which they lapsed, or to make them aware of their equally hopeless situation before God, or even to force them to humiliate themselves in grief and repentance before God the Judge. He wants to explain to the addressees of the letter why God intended to justify them all together in the same way, without taking into account the primacy of the privilege of the Jews, nor the permanent godlessness of the Gentiles. Both were simply sinners, which caused them to find themselves in the same situation with respect to the righteousness of God's judgment and punishment. Therefore, all without exception, as sinners both Jewish and pagan, will attain justification in the same way, namely by faith in Jesus Christ.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)in diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods The clinical data of 561 patients underwent LEEP were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of 561 cases,the pathologic diagnosis of LEEP and colposcopic multiple biopsies was accordant in 348 cases(62.0%),and the graded cases were 121(21.6%).The primary cure was achieved in 503(94.0%)CIN patients.After LEEP,hysterectomy was performed in 68 cases with residual diseases in 34 cases.Pre-cone HR-HPV load [≥300 relative light units(RLU)/positive control(PC)] was a significant predictive factor associated with residual disease(P0.05).Conclusion LEEP is an effective manner of diagnosis and treatment of CIN.Pre-cone HR-HPV load is a significant factor in predicting post-cone residual disease.


Abstract : This research analyzed prior enlisted Marine Officer Retention and their relationship to military paycaps. An analysis of the data showed that retention behavior of prior-enlisted Marine Officers differs from non-prior Marine Officers. Prior-enlisted Marine Officers are more likely to remain on active duty after their initial service obligation and serve a full career in the Marine Corps than Marine Officers with no previous military experience. Prior-enlisted service has a positive effect on retention to 20 YOS. A Marine Officer with sufficient time in service stops receiving longevity pay, and experiences the phenomenon known as pay compression. The lack of pay raises for six years or longer may be a disincentive to continued service, although prior-enlisted Marine Officers have higher retention rates than non-priors at every stage of their careers. The results of this study suggests that Mustang or prior-enlisted Marine Officers with at least 8 years of prior service retire at a higher rate than regular officers after 20 YOS.


This paper introduces a speed- sensorless adaptive estimation model which based on reactive- power. Then the simulating model of speed- sensorless direct torque control (DTC) system found on MATLAB7.0/SIMULINK is given. Simulation results indicate that model reference adaptive system(MRAS) estimation model has good response performance.


Using a geotechnical viewpoint, this paper proposes a potential, partial solution to solve some of the problems posed by increasing amounts of certain types of sludgy industrial waste. The primary objective of this study is to examine the potential for burning various industrial wastes combined with lime, in certain proportions, to produce a by-product having cementing characteristics similar to ordinary portland cement (OPC). It is found that the percentages of main cementitious compounds in this new cement-like stabilizer are comparable to those of OPC. The by-product also shows promise for use in stabilizing a loam soil. The contribution of ettringite to strength development is discussed. It is found that this new type of additive can be used to stabilize loam soil for subgrade purposes.


Background: Most patients with prostate cancer present with advanced disease in sub-Saharan Africa. However, metastasis to the testis is rare.Findings: This report details the incidental detection of isolated unilateral metastasis to the testis and epididymis from the prostate on histopathologic analysis of the orchidectomy specimen in a 77-year-old man (case 1) and the finding of palpable unilateral testicular secondary from aggressive metastatic prostate cancer in a relatively younger man (47 years old) during clinical evaluation (case 2).Conclusion: The presentation of testicular metastasis from prostate cancer varies with the patient. A high index of suspicion in the phases of evaluation of these patients is required in order to prevent missed diagnosis.
Keywords: Prostate cancer, testicular metastasis, orchidectomy.


PURPOSE: To enable an amount of odor material to be controlled in reference to such conditions as environmental ones in a dwelling spacing as a room temperature and a room volume, conditions of odor material quality value, human body conditions and the like. CONSTITUTION: A control device for controlling an amount of production of odor is comprised of means 7 for controlling an amount of production of odor of an odor generating device 6, an operation judging means 8 for judging an operation time of the odor generating device 6, a room temperature sensing means 9 for sensing room temperature, and a control means 10 for judging it by the operation judging means 8 that the odor generating device 6 is generating odor, detecting a signal from the room temperature sensing means 9 and varying an amount of get generation of odor with a generating amount control means 7. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio


A virtually complete birthcohort of infants <32 weeks and/or <1500 g (n=1338) was followed-up until 9 years ol age. In 88% of survivors (n=813) data on schoolperfxsormance were available.Of the children in mainstream education 38% had remedial teaching (27% at appropnate level, 60% bolow level). The need for remedial teaching was not different for children who were not handicapped at 5 years of age. Logistic regression for non-handicapped children with any schoolfailure as dependent factor showed significantly higher OR's for SGA (1.8) boy's (1.9) low or middle SES (5.4 and 2.1) mild or severe developmental delay (5 years) (1.7 and 13.0) and low schoolresults at 5 years (3.6). When special education was the dependent factor higher OR's were found for boy's (2.0) twins (1.9) low and middle SES (7.1 and 3.0) severe montal delay (10.1) mild speech delay (3.3) high inattention and hyporactivityscore (2.9) and low schoolresults at 5 years (2.8). Porinatal factors (gestational age, birthweight and neonatal illness) were not significant.


SEAL INCLUDES FIRST TREE WITH 12 TO END OF AN ELEMENT 14 SHAPED BOWL WITH THREE IN HIS INNER PERIPHERY 20 RECESSES PARALLEL EXTENDING AXIALLY; 22 OTHER TREE COMPRISES AN END A BRACE 24 WHICH PROTRUDE RADIALLY OUTWARDS THREE PINS 28 ABOUT EACH OF WHICH IS MOUNTED A ROLLER MAY RUN OF SLIDING MOTION, ROTATION AND PIVOT PINS OVER 28; PUCK IS MAINTAINED WITH ITS AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO RECESS 20 ASSOCIATED EVEN WHEN THE TREE WITH THE BRACE MAKES A WIDE ANGLE WITH THE AXIS OF FIRST TREE; PUCK FORM AN OUTER RACE FOR ROLLS ON A MOVING GUIDE RING, RING FORMING UP INSIDE THE JOURNAL CORRESPONDENT 28.


This article presents the development of a model of a sustainable smart city. The model demonstrates the use of sustainable forms of energy and incorporates Internet of Things functionalities to simulate energy efficiency, monitoring of air quality, and safety. The city was designed to raise awareness about problems people living in cities face, as well as to inspire relevant technology-based innovative solutions in the context of the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).


The article aims to describe and analyse the experience of the "Library of legality" (Bill), a project that brings together a network of 23 Italian public libraries, that has published three bibliographies, and it has supported hundreds of initiatives aimed to educate young people to critical sense, justice, respect for the rules through reading and writing.


Bis(pyrrol-2-ylmethyleneamine) ligands and their mononuclear monomeric and dinuclear dimeric self-assembly complexes with Cu(II) were investigated by means of IR and Raman spectroscopies and density functional theory. The ground-state geometries were calculated by using the BeckeLeeYangParr composite exchange-correlation functional (B3LYP) and a combined basis set (LanL2DZ for Cu; 6–31G(d) for C, H, N), and they were compared with the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) structures. The DFT-calculated CuN bond lengths are generally higher by 0.001–0.040 A than those determined through XRD. The vibrational spectra were also calculated at the same level of theory for the optimized geometries. The calculated wavenumbers were scaled by a uniform scaling factor and compared with the experimental fundamentals. The predicted spectra are in good agreement with the experimental ones with the deviations generally less than 30 cm−1. In comparison with the spectra of the ligands, the coordination effect shifts the υ(CN) wavenumber by about 50 cm−1 toward a lower value. Because of the weak intermolecular CH···Cu hydrogen bond, the CuN stretching mode is shifted toward a lower wavenumber. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Pasig CityTHE WID, WAD, GAD APPROACH ON GENDER DEVELOPMENT | ...Modernisation Theory (Development and Underdevelopment Sociology 319 – Contemporary Social Theories(PDF) Theories and Practices of Development Studies (PDF) THE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIESWhat are the three major theories of agingDeviance Theories & Types | What is Deviance in Sociology The Chinese Experience of Rapid Modernization Conspiracy Theories Essays Examples Essays (Examples)Sacred and Profane Short Notes for SociologyENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES5 Theories of Child Development Online Psychology Degree Modernization Theory – ReviseSociologyDeng Xiaoping Theory Wikipediamodernization | Nature, Features, Examples, & Facts Organizational Theories: 12 Major Organizational Theoriesdemocratization | Definition, Theories, & Facts | BritannicaModernization Theory | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of (PDF) Development Theories, Participatory Approaches and Modernization Theory: Definition, Significance and CriticismEarly Westernization & Modernization in Japan 1868-1900 Talcott Parsons WikipediaKarl Marx's Theories: Class Differentiation and Revolution House Panel On Tech Accountability Includes Pro-Censorship How religion may affect educational attainment | Pew Winning Future Wars: Modernization and a 21st Century (DOC) Advantages and Disadvantages of Development Theories What are Political Theories? and characteristics of What is driving global obesity trends? Globalization or


Based on monthly water and sand flux data from Lijin Hydrological Station on the lower Yellow River from 1950 to 2009,a variety of methods were used to identify the trends,change points,and cycles of water and sand flux in multi-scale time series of a year,the flood season,and the non-flood season.The Mann-Kendall and Spearman methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the trend of water and sand flux.The wavelet decomposition and reconstruction and orderly clustering methods were used for identification of the change points of water and sand flux.The wavelet transform method was used to identify the cycle of water and sand flux.The results show that the water and sand flux into the sea decreased significantly at multiple scales at Lijin Hydrological Station,there were two significant change points,in 1985 and 2002,and the results of cycle identification were different at multiple scales as well as with different hydrological factors.


Poems have always been an excellent way of expressing emotions in any language. In particular, Hindi poetry is having versatile popularity among native and non-native speakers all over the world. A typical poem in Hindi is characterized by meter ("Chhand"), emotion ("Rasa"), and figure of speech ("Alankaar"). The present research work is the first of its kind in Hindi Natural Language Processing (NLP), which touches on the area of Hindi figure of speech. The authors have created a systematic hierarchical structure of Hindi "Alankaar" types and sub-types and attempted and extended the work to identify a few. A taxonomical list of 58 Hindi figures of speech is presented along with their nearest mapping to English equivalents. On the sidelines, the paper also presents the distinct rules for each type and sub-type needed for the classification task of NLP. The authors achieved 97% efficiency in reporting the first results with an average execution time of 0.002 seconds.


Objective To assess the effect and safety of butorphanol in preventing hyperalgesia after remifentanil anesthesia.Methods During Jan.2012 and Jun.2013,80 patients( American Society of Anesthesiologistes Grading Ⅰ-Ⅱgrade) from Shenzhen Longgang People's Hospital,who underwent remifentanil anesthesia for laparoscopic myomectomy were selected and assigned into two groups equally according the operation turn.Inhalation anesthesia was adopted in both groups,propofol and remifentanil continuous intravenous infusion and inhalation of sevoflurane were used to maintain anesthesia during operation.The patients in observation group were administrated butorphanol 25 μg / kg by intravenous injection,while the control group was given the same amount of physiological saline.VAS and Ramsay scores were assessed at 30,60 and120 min after awakeness.Postoperative recovery time of spontaneous breath,the time of awakeness and extubation,the number of requiring tramadol,and the dosage of tramadol,as well as the adverse reactions within3 h after recovery from anesthesia were recorded.Results There was no significant differences between the two groups in Ramsay score and postoperative recovery time of spontaneous breath,the time of awakeness and extubation,and the total amount of the remifentanil( P 0.05).The postoperative VAS scores and the adverse reactions( nausea,vomit and shiver),and the number of requiring tramadol and the tramadol dosage used in control group were significantly higher than in butorphanol group( P 0.05).Mental symptoms,respiratory depression,and the phenomenon of hypoxemia were not observed in either of the groups.Conclusion Butorphanol can effectively and safely prevent the occurrence of hyperalgesia after remifentanil anesthesia.


Under the influence of groundwater, the surrounding rock of the tunnel with cracks has a significant deterioration effect, which is easy to cause the instability and damage of underground projects. Uniaxial compression and acoustic emission tests were carried out on dry and saturated limestone specimens under different osmotic pressures. From the perspective of water rock coupling, the peak strength, characteristic stress, failure characteristics, acoustic emission characteristics and the deterioration mechanism of seepage water were analyzed. Taking mode I open crack as the research object, the influence of seepage pressure, fracture rock parameters (fracture dip, Poisson's ratio, fracture length) on the tip plastic zone growth is analyzed by using D-P yield criterion. The results show that water bearing state and osmotic pressure have little influence on fracture form, but have obvious influence on macro fracture development. With the increase of osmotic pressure and internal friction angle, the radius of plastic zone also increased significantly. The increase of Poisson's ratio will reduce the radius of plastic zone.


The introduction of smartphones enabled with Near Field Communication (NFC) technology facilitates transformation of processes that involve manual intervention such as payment transaction processing in an automated manner. Although payment for transaction using NFC technology is not new, the possibility to use smartphones for payment either through stored payment information in the smartphone or in the cloud allows for seamless integration of associated processes. We consider advances in identification and communication technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and smartphones as well as the ability to respond in real-time for automated checkout in a retail shopping environment with NFC-enabled smartphones. Using a recently proposed protocol (LLCPS) as an envelope for communication between the smartphone and the NFC reader, we develop a suite of authentication protocols (SISO) for secure payment processing in a retail store environment.


This article discusses the existing threats and approaches to the implementation of information confrontation, the problems of information-psychological and cognitive security in the global dimension. The main methods and means of informational influence on the mass audience, actively used by traditional media and now new media, are presented. The analysis of modern literary sources allowed us to conclude that modern science pays a lot of attention to the problems of information security. At the same time, there is a dominance of research ascertaining nature, limited to the description of destructive phenomena. In this connection, it was noted the need to develop real measures that can prevent the negative effects of information exposure, increasing the cognitive security of network users. The use of the concepts of information and national security in one synonymous row brings the problem of countering information terrorism far beyond the purely scientific sphere. The participation of state and public institutions, including the media, in the development of protective mechanisms for the safe use of network resources can significantly enhance the effect and minimize the development of destructive manifestations. The article also provides examples of the use of manipulation, disinformation and soft power in the framework of information wars and shows their relevance both in historical retrospect and nowadays. The global tendencies of informational confrontation in the political, economic, ideological spheres are the result of the existence of civilizational systems that are diametrically opposite in nature both in synchrony and in diachrony. The problem of information security at the local level to a greater extent acquires an applied nature and is amenable to analysis in the context of a specific socio-cultural situation. Thus, the article presents data on the manifestation of information confrontation in Pridnestrovye and attitudes towards attempts by official media to increase the degree of tension in the region.


Relative to the Gaussian measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$, entropy and Fisher information are famously related via Gross' logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI). These same functionals also separately satisfy convolution inequalities, as proved by Stam. We establish a dimension-free inequality that interpolates among these relations. Several interesting corollaries follow: (i) the deficit in the LSI satisfies a convolution inequality itself; (ii) the deficit in the LSI controls convergence in the entropic and Fisher information central limit theorems; and (iii) the LSI is stable with respect to HWI jumps (i.e., a jump in any of the convolution inequalities associated to the HWI functionals).
Another consequence is that the convolution inequalities for Fisher information and entropy powers are reversible in general, up to a factor depending on the Stam defect. An improved form of Nelson's hypercontractivity estimate also follows. Finally, we speculate on the possibility of an analogous reverse Brunn-Minkowski inequality and a related upper bound on surface area associated to Minkowski sums.


User intervention against incivility as social enforcement of democratic norms on social media platforms is considered an act of "good citizenship" by citizens and scholars alike. However, between ideals and behavior, multiple social norms are at play in shaping individuals' sense of personal responsibility for intervening. This study explores the role of conflicting norms in situations requiring user intervention against online incivility. By combining the perspectives of norms as expectations and norms as cultural vocabularies, we investigate users' salient norms, and how these norms influence users' justifications for (non-)intervention. Based on qualitative interview data from Germany ( N = 20), we identified three distinct reasoning patterns employed to justify (non-)intervention: the pragmatic, the dismissive, and the aspirational. By identifying fault lines, our typology points to normative origins of ambivalence related to user intervention. The findings offer insights into strategies to motivate intervention against online incivility.


We investigate the influence of random errors in external control parameters on the stability of holonomic quantum computation in the case of arbitrary loops and adiabatic connections. A simple expression is obtained for the case of small random uncorrelated errors. Due to universality of mathematical description our results are valid for any physical system which can be described in terms of holonomies. Theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.


We have been studying the breakdown characteristics of polyimide (PI) films. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of space charge and conduction current on breakdown mechanism of PI. The space charge distributions and external circuit current (lex) were simultaneously measured just before the breakdown of a 125 /spl mu/m thick PI film by using pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method in 90/spl deg/C. We tried to observe the change of space charge distribution just before the breakdown of PI films obtained by very short period interval (2 ms) measurement. The space charge distribution just before the breakdown did not show a noticeable change. These results showed that the breakdown of PI films is not directly caused by the distortion of the electric field before 2 ms at the breakdown, but is caused by a thermal breakdown process due to the conduction current by the temperature rise of sample. The simultaneous measurement of transient space charge profiles and lex must contribute to the investigation of conduction and breakdown phenomena of PI films.


We present the thorough studies of dielectric properties of BiB3O6 (BIBO) crystal in the sub-THz range. We observe a large birefringence Δn = nZ −nX = 1.5 and the values of absorption coefficients of all three axes to be less than 0.5 cm−1. The difference from visible range in angle ϕ between the axes z and X is found to be more than 6°. The simulated phase-matching curves show the optimal value of the angle θ to be around 25.5°±1° for an efficient millimeter-wave generation under the pump of 1064 nm laser radiation.


The amount of security critical information that is only available in digital form is increasing constantly. Some of these data, such as medical or tax data, need to be preserved for long periods of time. Thus, several schemes for long-term integrity protection of long-lived and archived data were developed. However, a comprehensive security analysis is still missing. In this paper we discuss existing security models for long lived systems and show to what extend they allow to prove the security of those schemes. Then, we introduce a new model that overcomes the shortcomings of the state of the art and allows to formally analyze timestamp-based long-term integrity schemes. Finally, we show how the security level of the long-term integrity scheme can be determined for concrete instantiations.


This study has done to surveying the relationship between learning organization disciplines (Personal mastery, Mental Models, Shared Vision, Team Learning, and Systems thinking) and Organizational Intelligence (Strategic vision, shared fate, appetite for change, alignment and congruence, heart, knowledge deployment, performance pressure). For this purpose we developed one main and five sub-hypotheses. The population in this study were employees of Maskan Bank Branches in Ardabil Province. To gathering of data, we used two questionnaires.Questionnaires reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's Alpha; it was 0.78 for organizational Intelligence and 0.81 for learning organization. To test the hypothesis of the research we used Pearson correlation coefficients.Findings show that relationship between learning organization disciplines and Organizational Intelligence dimensions at Maskan Bank


Can architecture be treated as an artifact worthy of archaeological analysis? This is a key question that remains unanswered in Gilman's (1987) article on southwestern pit structures and pueblos. The majority of Gilman's article is a cross-cultural ethnographic overview of pit-structure and pueblo use. Gilman takes such a "big-picture" approach that when she finally presents her archaeological data it is insufficient to test her model of architectural change. More importantly, by disregarding temporal changes in prehistoric southwestern pit-structure and pueblo designs, Gilman fails to realize that pit structures and pueblos are architecturally related phenomena during the transition period that is the focus of her research. Pit structures, rather than being independent of pueblos, actually provide the construction dirt with which many of the first pueblos are built.


We address the temperature influence on the precessional motion of electron spins under transverse magnetic field, studied in a GaAs/AlGaAs triple quantum well, using pump-probe Kerr rotation. In the presence of an applied in-plane magnetic field the TRKR measurements show the robustness of carrier's spin precession against temperature which can be easily traced in an extended range up to 250 K. Long-lasting spin coherence with dephasing time T2* > 14 ns was observed when the pump-probe wavelength was tuned to the exciton bound to a neutral donor transition. Furthermore, we observed that the increase of sample temperature from 5 K to 250 K, leads to a strong T2* reduction by almost 98%/97% for the excitation wavelengths of 823/821 nm. We show that the temperature increase not only causes the reduction of spin lifetime but can also lead to the variation of electron g-factor. Additionally, the spin dynamics was studied through the dependencies on the applied magnetic field and optical pump power.


Enzyme catalytic power and specificity derive from dynamic interactions between enzymes and their substrates. While considerable effort has been devoted to understanding how enzyme conformational dynamics can affect catalysis, the importance of conformational dynamics within protein substrates has been overlooked. Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within protein substrates; they have served as key model enzymes for studying the molecular basis for catalysis and specificity. Recent work from our research group, focusing on trypsins and chymotrypsins as model proteolytic enzymes, reveals that differing conformational dynamics in otherwise similar protein substrates can profoundly impact proteolysis. In this talk, I will present some of our recent findings, integrating evidence from crystal structures, molecular dynamics simulations, and enzyme kinetics studies, which implicate flexibility and conformational motions of protease substrates as critical determinants of proteolysis. Our studies suggest that specific substrate conformational dynamics have evolved to regulate biological proteolytic events. More generally, our work suggests that we must look beyond enzymes, and examine substrates also, to fully appreciate the importance of protein dynamics in enzyme catalysis.


It is to use the theory of mental innovation to discuss the transformation of resource-oriented city.It combines the related theories and practice home and abroad to put forward the suggestions that how to transform to resource-oriented city.


1,2,3Student, Department of E.C.E, ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U.P, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of E.C.E, ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U.P, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper introduces peculiarly a dignified simple chaotic oscillator which has been derived from the jerk equations constituting the third derivative of position or a scaler variable. In this approach, the major part providing the nonlinear characteristic is an impedance convertor circuit and hence results in the generation of different chaotic waveforms. We describe the experimental results demonstrating the dynamical behavior of the circuit. Further, we provide the numerical simulations of the proposed oscillator which are performed in Multisim and verifies the desired outcome.


Abstract The alteration of magmatic monazite and its consequences for monazite geochronology are explored in granitoids from the western part of the Ryoke belt (Iwakuni-Yanai area, SW Japan). Biotite-granite samples were collected in two plutons emplaced slightly before the main tectono-metamorphic event: the first one, a massive granite (Shimokuhara) adjoins schistose rocks affected by greenschist facies metamorphism; and the second, a gneissose granite (Namera) adjoins migmatitic gneiss that experienced upper-amphibolite facies conditions. Despite contrasting textures, the granite samples have similar mineral modes and compositions. Monazite in the massive granite is dominated by primary domains with limited secondary recrystallization along cracks and veinlets. It is variably replaced by allanite+apatite±xenotime±Th-U-rich phases. The outermost rims of primary domains yield a weighted average 206Pb/238U date of 102 ± 2 Ma while the Th-U phases show Th-U-Pb dates of 58 ± 5 and 15 to 14 ± 2–3 Ma. Monazite in the gneissose granite preserves sector- or oscillatory-zoned primary domains cross-cut by secondary domains enriched in Ca, Y, U, P, and containing numerous inclusions. The secondary domains preserve concordant 206Pb/238U dates spreading from 102 ± 3 to 91 ± 2 Ma while primary domain analyses are commonly discordant and range from 116 to 101 Ma. Monazite alteration textures in the two granites chiefly reflect differences in their post-magmatic histories. In the massive granite, monazite replacement occurred via a nearly stoichiometrically balanced reaction reflecting interaction with an aqueous fluid enriched in Ca+Al+Si±F during hydrothermal alteration of the granitic assemblage, likely below 500 °C. In the gneissose granite, a small amount of anatectic melt, probably derived from the neighboring metasedimentary rocks, was responsible for pseudomorphic recrystallization of monazite by dissolution-reprecipitation above 600 °C. Regardless of whether monazite underwent replacement or recrystallization, primary monazite domains preserve the age of magmatic crystallization for both plutons (102 ± 2 and 106 ± 5 Ma). Conversely, the age of monazite alteration is not easily resolved. Monazite replacement in the massive granite might be constrained using the Th-U-rich alteration products; with due caution and despite probable radiogenic Pb loss, the oldest date of 58 ± 5 Ma could be ascribed to chloritization during final exhumation of the granite. The spread in apparently concordant 206Pb/238U dates for secondary domains in the gneissose granite is attributed to incomplete isotopic resetting during dissolution-reprecipitation, and the youngest date of 91 ± 2 Ma is considered as the age of monazite recrystallization during a suprasolidus metamorphic event. These results reveal a diachronous, ca. 10 Ma-long high-temperature (HT) history and an overall duration of about 15 Ma for the metamorphic evolution of the western part of the Ryoke belt.


To strength the potency of vaccines against infectious diseases, vaccines should be able to activate multiple arms of the immune system including innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, genetic variation often occurs in infectious microorganisms can reduce the effectiveness of vaccines. Current vaccines and methods to immunisation against human papilloma virus, as a leading cause of different cancers, stimulate immune system moderately. In this study, to obtain highly effective responses, conserved Th and B-cell epitopes of L1 and CTL and Th epitopes of E7 are fused to helicobacter pylori NapA which is responsible for activation of innate immunity and direction favourable response to appropriate state. Finding the best conserved epitopes in order to induce better immune system may increase promising approach to achieve high-level immunity against infectious agents such as human papilloma virus (HPV). Thus, elevated immunity can be able to eradicate HPV vigorously. Designed construct can be useful as a peptide-based subunit vaccine to confer both preventive and therapeutic effects against all HPV16 subtypes.


A novel approach for transient analysis of coupled transmission line circuits is presented. A recursive ϵ-algorithm is constructed to accelerate the evaluation of the generalized inverse matrix Pade approximation to exponential function (GIMPAe). Then the frequency-domain responses is transformed into the time domain. Both transient responses on the ends of the transmission lines and along the transmission lines are given. The numerical results prove the new approach is efficient and accurate for treating coupled, lossy, nonuniform and dispersive multiconductor transmission line circuits.


The effect of maternal ethanol and nicotine administration, separately and in combination, on fetal growth of rats was studied. Nicotine was administered by gavage for the entire gestational period. Alcohol was given in drinking water for 4 weeks prior to mating and 30% throughout gestation. Appropriate pair-fed and ad libitum control animals were included to separate the effect of ethanol and nicotine on the outcome of pregnancy from those produced by the confounding variables of malnutrition. Body weights of fetuses exposed to alcohol alone or in combination with nicotine were significantly lower than those of the pair-fed and ad libitum controls. However, the difference in fetal body weight between the alcohol plus nicotine and the alcohol alone group was not significant. Similarly, in the rats administered nicotine only, fetal weight was not significantly different compared to control animals. The results of this study indicate that maternal alcohol intake impairs fetal growth and nicotine does not, regardless whether it is administered separately or in combination with alcohol for the entire gestational period.


The text is synthesis of research that showed how to verify whether practice of basic scientific research in groups of search improves Training of Teachers of Physical Education. Exploratory Research, a qualitative nature, carrying traces of the research participant, held on Private Higher Education Institution. The Group for Research and practices served as a source for collecting data from the survey. The orientation of


Introduction In contrast to other domestic livestock, the horse is maintained as part of the breeding population for a relatively longer period of time. In many situations, older mares may be more valuable because of their proven produce record, and it is common to find mares that are bred at greater than 20 years of age. For these reasons, age-related reproductive failure has received considerable study. This paper will summarize our current understanding of reproductive failure in aged mares, particularly as it relates to embryonic loss.


In the context of Freud's theory on narcissism and its revision by Laplanche's theory, this article refers to the concept of "desire of autonomy" (MAIA, 1991, 1996, 1997) to discuss two fragments of a clinical case characterized by a masochistic defence. From the metapsychological point of view, it is argued that the desire for autonomy develops Laplanche's review of the Freudian theory on narcissism, for bringing to light a denied principle of mental functioning, which (more parsimoniously than that the Freudian model of autoeroticism and of death drive) explains elements of narcissism, repetition and self-su# ciency in psychic formations. To examine this hypothesis and highlight the desire for autonomy, it is presented the working-through of the patient in relation to two fragments of the clinical case, a symptom and a dream, inferred from the abandonment of a high-risk behavior and a signi$ cant increase in willingness to establish bonds of love.


The carbohydrate moieties found on glycoproteins have long been recognized as having great potential to bear biologically important information. However, actual examples of systems in which oligosaccharides play defined physiological roles have remained limited. These oligosaccharides with known biologic functions typically have distinctive structural features and are generally confined to specific glycoproteins. Synthesis of structurally unique oligosaccharides on specific glycoproteins at defined times is essential if these structures are to fulfill their biologic purpose. Since cells produce many distinct oligosaccharides as newly synthesized glycoproteins pass through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, mechanisms are required to assure that the correct structures are added to the numerous glycoproteins being synthesized. Determining how synthesis of the vast array of oligosaccharides produced by each cell is regulated is essential for understanding the biologic importance of these complex structures. Asn-linked oligosaccharides arise by processing of a common precursor structure, which is transferred en bloc from dolichol to the nascent peptide chain in the endoplasmic reticulum (1). As a result Asn-linked oligosaccharides have a common core region and differ primarily in the number and location of their peripheral branches and terminal modifications. Since all newly synthesized glycoproteins pass through the same subcellular compartments and are exposed to the same transferases, structural differences in oligosaccharides on individual glycoproteins and/or at individual glycosylation sites must in some fashion reflect the influence of the protein moiety on one or more glycosyltransferases. This suggests that key glycosyltransferases recognize features encoded within the peptide as well as the oligosaccharide of the target glycoprotein. Among the three glycosyltransferases thus far demonstrated to display peptide as well as oligosaccharide recognition, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, and UDP-GalNAc:glycoprotein hormone b1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (b1,4-GalNAcT, reviewed in Ref. 2), one of the most extensively characterized is the b1,4-GalNAcT, which produces the terminal sequence GalNAcb1,4GlcNAcb1-R on glycoproteins that contain a specific peptide recognition determinant in addition to an appropriate oligosaccharide acceptor. The product of the b1,4-GalNAcTmay be further modified by the addition of sulfate, sialic acid, or fucose, thus producing a range of unique oligosaccharide structures defined by the presence of b1,4-linked GalNAc as illustrated in Fig. 1. Each of these structures has the potential to be recognized by a specific receptor or binding protein and thus mediate a distinct biological function. As will become apparent below, the b1,4-GalNAcT is a key component of a well characterized system, which includes unique oligosaccharide structures, highly specific glycosyltransferases, and oligosaccharide-specific receptors. This is therefore an excellent model system for understanding proteinspecific glycosylation.


Noise and artifacts are gained while acquisition or during transmission and cause image and signal degradation. Image degradation has an impact on image quality and affects the interpretation and accuracy of detection methods. Reduced image quality deteriorates the analysis, quantitative measurements and feature extraction techniques. The method improves the accuracy and reliability of image processing algorithms for qualitative and quantitative problems. The main objective of the techniques is to remove the noise and retain the significant features.


Compressive strength of concrete is an important parameter for designing any concrete structure. Compressive strength of concrete is a complex nonlinear function of its ingredients. Prediction of Concrete compressive strength plays a vital role in pre design phases of the structure and quality control of construction. The conventional methods of compressive strength determination are time consuming, so the use of data mining methods to predict the strength beforehand is helpful. Data mining techniques of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) have been used by the researchers for predicting strength of concrete. This paper discusses the use of tree based models like Random Forest (RF) and Model Trees (MT) for prediction of concrete strengths at various ages of concrete from 3 to 365 days. The model tree techniques give regression equations that are transparent as they give insight about the processes as compared to ANN. The paper also explores application of models to study the significance of various constituents of concrete using sensitivity analysis. Two ways to determine strength of concrete at various ages has been studied. In first method models have been proposed for different ages of concrete from 3 to 365 days. MT and RF have predicted compressive strength of concrete satisfactorily. Keywords: Concrete compressive strength, model tree, random forest, prediction Cite this Article Sawant Bhagyashri , Kambekar A.R., Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete Using    Machine Learning Techniques, Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management . 2015; 5(3): 34–41p.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of garlic, turmeric and their combinations on performance of broilers (Cobb strain). Two hundred and forty day-old unsexed broiler chicks were procured and randomly divided into five dietary treatment group (n=48). Birds in control (C) group were administered antibiotic levofloxacin at 2.5 g/l of drinking water, however, antibiotic was replaced with dietary inclusion of either 1% turmeric (T 1 ), 1% garlic (T 2 ), 0.6% turmeric+0.4% garlic (T 3 ), or 0.6% garlic+0.4% turmeric (T 4 ). The diets formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The feeding trial was conducted for 6 weeks. The results revealed significantly (P 0.05) among groups. Feed conversion ratio was found to be better in groups T 2 and T 4 . Protein efficiency ratio was found to be higher in group T 2 (P<0.05). The villi length of duodenum; epithelial and glandular epithelial height of jejunum, glandular epithelial height and diameter of glands of ileum were higher in group T 2 (P<0.05). The 1% garlic supplemented group showed the best cost benefit ratio. It was concluded that 1% garlic powder supplementation in the diet may substitute antibiotics without any adverse effect in broilers.


These excerpts from Education 2005: The Role of Research and Development in an Overwhelming Campaign for Education in America describe the rationale for the report's full recommendations. They include the text and discussion of the particular recommendation for creation of a research, development, and dissemination delivery system similar to the agriculture extension program.


We have developed a prototyped digital panoramic tomography (DPT) system which mainly consists of a slit-collimated X-ray generator of a 0.4-mm focal spot and a 3.5-mmAl filtration, a linear-array typed CMOS imaging sensor of a 48 × 48 μm2 pixel size and a 128 (in the scan direction) × 3072 (in the vertical direction) pixel format, a series of microstep motors for the precise movement of the imaging system, and the designed motion control and pixel readout sequences required to make a specific plane of interest (POI) to be focused. With the several test phantoms we designed, we, for the first time, succeeded in obtaining useful DPT images by moving the X-ray generator and the CMOS imaging sensor along a continuously sliding rotation center during a continuous X-ray exposure. We demonstrated that the prototyped DPT system can be applicable to any shaped POI to be focused, provided that adequate motion control and pixel readout sequences are designed. We expect the system to be useful for our future imaging applications such as nondestructive testings and dental panoramic radiography.


Road roughness evaluation can be carried out using different approaches. Among these, the assessment of ride quality level perceived by road users is one of the most-used. In this sense, different evaluation methods have been developed in order to link the level of irregularities present on road surface profiles with the induced detrimental effects in terms of discomfort. In particular, relationships between wavelength content of road profiles and consequent level of comfort perceived had been investigated by using, in general, a mean panel ratings approach. In this paper, four ride quality evaluation methods (Ride Number, Michigan Ride Quality Index (RQI), Minnesota Ride Quality Index and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration, awz, according to ISO 2631 were applied to a set of real road profiles. The obtained results were analyzed, investigating a possible relation between the different indices, comparing them also with the most-used road roughness method worldwide: the International Roughness Index (IRI). The analyses carried out in this work have highlighted how the various rating scales may lead to a different ride quality assessment of the same road pavements. Furthermore, comparing the awz with the values obtained for the other three methods, it was found that their rating scales are set for speeds within the range 80–100 km/h. For this reason, it is necessary to identify new thresholds to be applied for lower speeds, as in the case of urban roads. In this sense, the use of the ISO 2631 approach would seem to be a useful tool.


The production of food is responsible for major environmental impacts. Bearing this in mind, it is even worse when food is lost rather than consumed. In Switzerland, 46% of all processing potatoes and 53% of all fresh potatoes are lost on their way from field to fork. Our study therefore compares the environmental impacts of losses of fresh potatoes with those of French fries. With the aid of a Life Cycle Assessment, we assessed the impact categories "demand for nonrenewable energy resources", "global warming potential", "human toxicity", "terrestrial ecotoxicity" and "aquatic ecotoxicity". Our results show that 1 kg of potatoes consumed as French fries causes 3–5 times more environmental impacts than the same quantity of fresh potatoes, but also that the proportion of impacts relating to losses is considerably lower for French fries (5%–10% vs. 23%–39%). The great majority of processing potato losses occur before the resource-intensive, emission-rich frying processes and therefore the environmental "backpack" carried by each lost potato is still relatively small. Nonetheless, appropriate loss treatment can substantially reduce the environmental impact of potato losses. In the case of French fries, the frying processes and frying oil are the main "hot spots" of environmental impacts, accounting for a considerably higher proportion of damage than potato losses; it is therefore also useful to look at these processes.


This study presents the theoretical bases and the concepts of modelling the interaction between embankment and mining subsoil and predicting its deformations. These bases and concepts mainly focus on examining the mining tension strains and on the safe operation of road constructions. Some solutions (by employing MES) in the flat and spatial state of strain, including a change in location of the exploitation front with respect to the axis of the embankment, were presented.


This paper presents the bandwidth enhancement of co-axial fed truncated microstrip antenna using dumbbell shaped defected ground structure (DGS). The proposed antenna resonating at 5.4 GHz finds application in wireless local area networks in wireless communication systems. To make the proposed antenna more efficient, the designed parameters of the antenna have been optimized and its characteristics are investigated using IE3D software. Keywords: Bandwidth (BW),Dumbbell shaped defected ground structure (DGS),Rectangular microstrip patch antenna(RMSA),Return loss (RL),Voltage wave standing ratio(VSWR).


A Monte Carlo program for the simulation of ion beam analysis data is presented. It combines mainly four features: (i) ion slowdown is computed separately from the main scattering/recoil event, which is directed towards the detector. (ii) A virtual detector, that is, a detector larger than the actual one can be used, followed by trajectory correction. (iii) For each collision during ion slowdown, scattering angle components are extracted form tables. (iv) Tables of scattering angle components, stopping power and energy straggling are indexed using the binary representation of floating point numbers, which allows logarithmic distribution of these tables without the computation of logarithms to access them. Tables are sufficiently fine-grained that interpolation is not necessary. Ion slowdown computation thus avoids trigonometric, inverse and transcendental function calls and, as much as possible, divisions. All these improvements make possible the computation of 10 collisions/s on current PCs. Results for transmitted ions of several masses in various substrates are well comparable to those obtained using SRIM-2006 in terms of both angular and energy distributions, as long as a sufficiently large number of collisions is considered for each ion. Examples of simulated spectrum show good agreement with experimental data, although a large detector rather than the virtual detector has to be used to properly simulate background signals that are due to plural collisions. The program, written in standard C, is open-source and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 52.65.Pp; 34.50. s; 82.80.Yc


In this paper, we define a two-parameter generalization of bihyperbolic Jacobsthal numbers. We give Binet formula, the generating functions and some identities for these numbers.


Abstract A truly noninterpolating semi-Lagrangian method has been developed. It is based upon a modification of a standard Lax-Wendroff scheme and is unconditionally stable on a regular rectangular grid. The method is explicit and second-order accurate in both time and space. It is suggested that the computational cost and memory allocation required by this method are the least possible for a semi-Lagrangian algorithm of this order of accuracy. The numerical experiments presented indicate that the algorithm is very accurate indeed.


Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus deposit egg masses inside the gill cavity of lithodid crabs. Previous attempts to identify the species depositing the eggs have been inconclusive because of the difficulties in identifying snailfish eggs and larvae. For this study, samples were collected from egg masses found in crabs in the commercial fishery and during benthic trawl survey work. Egg masses were found in Lithodes aequispinus (Golden King Crab) and, for the first time, in L. couesi (Scarlet King Crab). Mitochondrial DNA from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified from embryos and sequenced. Comparison of COI sequences from eggs to COI sequences from positively identified adult voucher specimens yielded identifications of 75 egg masses to species. A total of 38 egg masses were identified as Careproctus melanurus; 29 as C. colletti; seven as C. furcellus; and one as C. simus. Each egg mass contained eggs from only one species, and there was no indication of multiple maternal parentage. These results are the first positive identification of the snailfish species responsible for depositing egg masses in lithodid crabs. Identification of species involved may be useful in understanding the nature of this unique relationship between snailfishes and crabs.


Abstract A selective determination method for nickel (Ni) ion in river water has been developed by solvent extraction, followed by reversed‐phase HPLC with photometric detection. The Ni(II) ion was quantitatively extracted into 4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone over the pH range of 7.5 to 9.0 as α‐furyl dioxime (FDO) chelate. The extracted Ni‐FDO chelate was then separated on an ODS column with an eluent of methanol/water (85:15, v/v) and detected at 435 nm. Job's method suggested that the Ni‐FDO chelate composition was Ni(FDO)2. The molar absorptivity of the Ni chelate was determined as 1.7×104 at 435 nm. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves obtained with 5 mL Ni standards were more than 0.999 over the range of 1 ng/mL (ppb) to 1 µg/mL (ppm). The detection limit of the Ni ion in 5 mL water was estimated as 0.8 ppb, which corresponded to 3 times the standard deviation of the blank peak area. Relative standard deviations of peak areas (N=6) for 1 and 0.1 ppm Ni standards were less than 2%. The recoveries with a spiked river water sample for 500, 50, and 5 ppb Ni ion (N=5) were 100.5±1.5%, 101.2±1.5%, and 97.5±6.4%, respectively. Effects of foreign ions on the determination of 0.05 ppm Ni ion were investigated with 57 metal ions. Almost none of the ions interfered, except for Rh(III), Co(II), and Sn(II) ions.


ABSTRACT The author briefly reviews OCLC's history form 1967 to 1998, then focuses on the accomplishments and activities of the OCLC cooperative from 1998 to 2008. Particular attention is given to OCLC's strategy of weaving libraries into the World Wide Web and the transformation of WorldCat from a bibliographic database into a globally networked information resource.


AIM This is a study protocol designed to evaluate the effect of transitional care model based interventions for patients with stroke and their caregivers on the caregivers' perceived competency, their preparedness for caregiving, increasing their electronic health literacy, reducing burnout, the rate of patients' hospital readmissions, and the frequency of pressure injuries. METHOD The study protocol was planned as a randomized controlled trial with parallel arms. The study will include 70 patients with stroke and their caregivers. Multiple interventions (TEMpEST-Transitional Care Model Stroke Turkey), including at least 3 face-to-face interviews at the hospital, distance education via web, and telephone communications for 3 months, and 1 home visit within 7 days of discharge will be applied to the study group. The control arm will receive routine care. RESULTS Findings will give after then when completed the study protocol. CONCLUSION This study will evaluate the feasibility of interventions TEMpEST and its effect on patients with stroke and their caregivers. Trial Registration The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration and results system (PRS) (ClinicalTrials.gov reference NCT03708835).


The method of the present invention discloses a steel radial tire curing process simulation, first obtain flow curve of each tire rubber material and thermal parameters, the tire raw rubber at 135 ℃, 145 ℃ and 160 ℃ vulcanization torque - time bladders curve and thermal parameters, obtained the corresponding degree of vulcanization - time curve and the degree of vulcanization - induction time at the vulcanization reaction temperature and three types of speed variations; Redefinition thermophysical properties of the material portions of the tire and / or vulcanization kinetics, dynamics vulcanized rubber tire defined hybrid dynamics model; and a method using the tire meshing meshing fast; vulcanized tire heat build - chemical reaction coupling equation; based on Newton iteration method of coupled equations for numerical calculations; efficiently and more accurately simulate the heat transfer process and the crosslinking of the tire vulcanized by a computer to predict the temperature of each point inside of the tire and the degree of cure.


Cervical cancer - polietiologic disease risk factors which are early sexual debut, sexual activity, injure of the cervix, ovarian dysfunction, urogenital infections, vitamin deficiencies, Smoking; the main role, of course, given HPV. Remain controversial issues for a long period of taking oral contraceptive pills. The review presents the results of modern research on cervical cancer. Despite the prevalence of cervical cancer in the world and in our country in particular, the risk factors for its occurrence remain subjects of controversy. The reasons of occurrence and development of cervical disease has not been established, but a number of factors external and internal environment is essential in the pathogenesis of pathological processes of the mucous membrane of the cervix. Analytical review of publications on the problem of the etiopathogenesis of cervical neoplasia suggests an important role in this process, exogenous factors, their combination and the combination with endogenous factors. In the present review data and results of current research on the most significant risk factors in the development of cervix blastom.


This paper describes a one semester research course for undergraduates of computing programs. Students formulate a research proposal, conduct research and write a full paper. They present the results at a one-day student conference. On the one hand we offer the students a lot of structure and support; on the other hand an important feature of the course is that they are in control of their own research. A key aspect of the pedagogical approach is that the students are supervised in small teams by experienced staff. The results of evaluations show that the students are positive about the course. One of the main findings is that they feel well prepared to conduct research in the graduate program.


Deng Xiaoping's cat theory reveals the dialectical unity of the purpose and means.It provides a methodology for people to solve problems.EST translation has its own characteristics.This article accounts for the importance of the translating means to the EST translation through the perspective of the dialectical unity of the purpose and means by introducing the connotation of Deng Xiaoping's cat theory,generalizing the characteristics of the EST translation,and using some paradigm examples.


Performance degradation of analog FM and PAL-G signals due to spread spectrum (SS) interference is investigated. An analytical expression between RF TV protection ratio (CIR) and baseband unweighted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR/sub V/), for cochannel spread spectrum and noise interference, is derived. Also, we express the audio frequency signal-to-noise ratio (AF SNR) output due to SS overlay for various types of spreading scenarios and for different carrier frequency differences (/spl Delta/f).


OYA and KAWAGUCHI(1) have studied production of SH2 from crab muscle at various pH-values by heating. The present paper deals with the relation between pH values of the medium and production of SH2 from muscles of oyster, clam, cuttle fish at 80°, 100° and 120°C. Fresh muscles of oyster, clam, cuttle fish were heated in buffer solutions of different pH values at 80°, 100° and 120°C for one hour and the amounts of SH2 thus produced were measured with p-aminodimethylaniline(2), SH2 production from material having been practically exhausted in one hour. The results obtained are summarized as follows;- 1. The production of SH2 from the material is almost exhausted in one hour's heating irrespective of temperature, and the amount of SH2 increases with temperature. 2. The greater pH value of the medium, the more the amount of SH2 produced by heating. At a pH-value of 5.8 SH2 is produced very slightly. 3. The amount of SH2 produced from cuttle fish muscle is less than that from the others. 4. The production of SH2 from the intact body of oyster and clam is greater than that from the deviscerated one.


The multidimensional nature of the deficits presented by children referred for neuropsychological rehabilitation requires the development of ecological rehabilitations techniques. When designing a rehabilitation programme for children, strategies where "games" are involved should be used because playing is an active form of learning that comprises several cognitive processes. The main aim of this study is to develop an ecological rehabilitation programme for children with attention problems taking this theoretical approach into account. Sixteen children with ADHD will be included in this project. Eight of these children will be trained with the novel ecological method for a period of 3


Background :Nocturnal enuresis refers to an inability to control urination during sleep.This aimed to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in children in the city of Fallujah.Materials and Methods.In this descriptive-analytic,cross-sectional study,490 male and female children were divided into two groups with equal numbers.The samples were selected from the schools of Fallujah using the stratified random sampling methods based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. Results. The results showed that 14.9% of children had nocturnal enuresis, including 10% of primary nocturnal enuresis and 4.9% of secondary nocturnal enuresis . The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in boys (18.8%) was higher compared with that in the girls (11%) (P=0.038).There were statistically significant relationships between nocturnal enuresis and maternal education (P=0.0001), Urinary tract infection (P=0.0001),deep sleep (P=0.0001),corporal punishment at school (P=0.0001),anal itching (P=0.014). Conclusion :This study showed that the prevalence of


D. I. Herath, A. E. N. De Alwis, A. S. M. P. M. B. Agalawatte, Y. G. Harischandra, S. S. K. Chandrasekara, Z. Yahiya, L. Zubair and P. A. Samaratunga Foundation for Environment Climate and Technology, Digana Village, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, Postgraduate Institute of Science, Department of Geography, Department of Economics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, and Institute of Policy Studies, Colombo


A 1.3- mu m InGaAsP/InP straight-wall mass-transport buried heterostructure (MTBH) laser diode was designed and fabricated to operate over a bandwidth of 20 GHz. The laser when used in a microwave link has an RF insertion loss of 37 dB, an equivalent input noise density of less than -115 dBm/Hz, input power at 1 dB compression greater than 23 dBm and a spurious signal free dynamic range of 97 dB-Hz/sup 2/3/. The wide bandwidth, high dynamic range, and low noise of the laser module were obtained through the design of the package, the subcarrier, and the laser chip.<<ETX>>


In order to improve the evaluation accuracy and efficiency of the quality of classroom teaching in colleges and universities, combined with the teaching process and evaluation system of colleges and universities, a multi-class classification algorithm is proposed, namely, the Distance binary tree support vector machine based on Euclidean distance (DBT-SVM) algorithm, and the algorithm is used to predict the quality evaluation of classroom teaching in colleges and universities. The algorithm uses the Euclidean distance of the center of the two nearest sample classes to influence the classification, so that the first isolated classes can be separated first. Experimentally, the algorithm can improve the efficiency and accuracy of classification and solve the problem of multi-class classification.


The objectives of this work are: (1) to characterize the human head dynamic response under shock conditions by a new three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM); and (2) to transfer the results to a physical model intended for "measuring" the shock severity. The proposed 3D FEM distinguishes the different anatomical features of the cerebral matter. Model validation is based on it's theoretical modal analysis compared to the in vivo mechanical impedance recordings of the head. Modal analysis of the model shows three vibration modes. The mode shapes are illustrated by brain rotations around the Z1, Y1-Y'1 and X1 axis. The new proposed physical head model has an internal mass modeling the cerebral mass. The modelling of the mechanical liaisons between the brain and skull was achieved by visco-elastic liaisons. The adjustable elastic component permits 3 degrees of freedom relative to the brain-skull movement (two X, Y translations and the rotation around Z). The resonance frequencies of these three degrees of freedom were fixed by the theoretical modal analysis of the 3D FEM. These new head models are especially suitable for distinguishing the risk of focal lesion or sub-dural haematoma from diffuse axonal injury (DAI) risks. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 896323.


Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is available all-year round in Thailand, but the export volume is low. This may be attributed to un-suitable temperature control during postharvest management resulting to unacceptable quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intermittent warming (IW) on the quality of 'Holland' papaya during cold storage. Fruit with 25% peel yellowing were exposed to four conditions: untreated fruit stored at 5 ◦ C (T1; control), 15 ◦ C (T2) and 2 IW conditions. These were T3 where fruit was stored at 5 ◦ C for 4 days then moved to 15 ◦ C for 1 day and T4 where the fruit was stored at 5 ◦ C for 4 days then moved to 15 ◦ C for 1 day and the process repeated. For by T3 and T4 conditions the fruit were then stored at 5 ◦ C, 90% RH until the end of storage. The results showed that, after ten days, fruit stored at 15 ◦ C, 80% RH had higher trend in L* and Chroma. It was also found that their hue angle was significantly ( p < 0.05) lower than when the fruit had undergone other treatments. The fruit stored at 15 ◦ C showed the highest level of respiration and the highest ethylene production rate while the control fruit showed moderate levels. Under both IW conditions the respiration and ethylene production rates were suppressed up to day 9 and the rates increased after that. The control fruit failed to ripen but the IW fruit continued to yellow after 10 days. The control fruit could only be kept for 5 days as they expressed chilling injury (CI) scale from 2 to 4 as moderate (50%), moderate to severe (16.7%) and severe (16.7%) after 10 days of storage. The fruit stored under IW1 condition su ff ered moderate to severe CI (scale 2-4, 66.7% in total) after 20 days of storage. However the IW2 fruit exhibited only moderate and moderate to severe CI (scale 2 & 3, 33.3% in total). This research concluded that storage using IW2 condition was best at retaining the quality of stored papaya fruits for 20 days.


The authors propose a new cell structure employing a gate-assisted punchthrough read-out mode, which is suitable for a high packing density interline-transfer CCD (IT-CCD) image sensor. The new cell structure, fabricated through the use of high energy ion implantation technology, enables both deep photodiode formation and transfer-gate/ channel-stop length reduction. The proposed structure has been applied to a 1/4 inch 380 k pixel IT-CCD image sensor with reduced pixel size as small as 4.8 /spl mu/m (H)/spl times/5.6 /spl mu/m (V), which attains a high sensitivity (35 mV/lx) and a large saturation signal (600 mV).<<ETX>>


Objective To study the hemorrheological change and clinical after treatment by accessory blood photo-irradiation on treatment of patients with psoriasis.Methods 120 patients diveded randomly into 2 groups,injected with Danshen injection,accessory blood photo-irradiation respectively.Blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit and blood reduced viscosity of each patient were detected efore and after treatment.Results Compared to Danshen injection group,blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit and blood reduced viscosity were significantly descend in psoriasis.The treatment group(accessory blood photo-irradiation)significantly improved hemorheology compared with control groups(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion Accessory blood photo-irradiation was more effective for psoriasis than Danshen injection.


Let G be a second countable locally compact group and A a separable continuous trace C*-algebra. To each pointwise unitary coaction δ of G on A one can associate a proper G-bundle , π × μ → π. We show that two pointwise unitary coactions δ and ∊ of G on A are exterior equivalent if and only if the proper G-bundles and are isomorphic. Thus, if A is stable, there exists a bijection between the isomorphism classes of proper G-bundles over and the exterior equivalence classes of pointwise unitary coactions of G on A. Moreover, when G is abelian we recover a theorem of Olesen and Raeburn.


Six sheep heads of either sex and approximately 1-1 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 ½ years-old of local mixed breed were examined. The nasal cavity in sheep was completely divided into 2 compartments by a median nasal septum. Tne dorsal nasal turbinate was thelongest and extended from the ceribriform plate of ethmoid bone to the level of second transverse ruga of hard palate. It continued rostrally as straight fold and contained a sinus. The ventral nasal turbinate Was fusiform in shape and extended from the second molar tooth to the third transverse ruga of hard palate. The middle nasal turbinate was triangular in outline and extended upto the first molar tooth. The ethmoturbinate had 5 endoturbinates and 6 ectoturbinates.


This paper aims to show the learning behavior in the face-to-face teaching and the teacher's perceiving about their lessons. Just as there is a concern to use innovative, motivating and creative didactics in the face-to-face teaching, it happens in distance teaching, as well. The logic behind this research is the consideration of students separated of teacher, but still having the courseware with them. However the point is the good crafting of courseware, aiming quality, plainness, objectivity and easiness to understand, which makes the courseware to be used as a guide for the student to get the knowledge in a satisfactory way and become a critic citizen. Educational institutions use several ways of evaluation whether in face-to-face or distance learning, but the type of used evaluations is presented and how each of them contribute to teaching-learning


The development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems is relatively recent in the United States, but several systems are in operation and more are advancing. There is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between land use and BRT system development, particularly in comparison to other fixed-guideway modes such as heavy and light rail. While recognizing that existing land uses have an important and complex influence on the development costs and benefits of fixed-guideway projects, this research focuses primarily on the impact such projects have had on existing and future land uses and economic development, as well as the policies and practices that have been used by local governments that have the potential to affect development potential. Finally, additional note has been taken as to whether the benefits and incentives offered along transit corridors between BRT and Light Rail Transit (LRT) are equitable in cities in which both modes operate.


In this paper, we deal with the $H_{\infty}$ sliding mode control (SMC) problem for uncertain singular Markovian jump systems with time-varying delays. First, an integral-type switching surface function is constructed. Then, by using a Lyapunov Krasovskii functional which depends on time delays and system modes, we obtain the sufficient conditions for stochastic admissibility of sliding mode dynamics with a given disturbance attenuation level which are expressed in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, a SMC law is designed to ensure that system states can reach the predefined sliding surface finally. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Yttrium‐loaded poly(hydroxamic acid) ion‐exchange resin (YPHA) has been studied to sorb fluoride ion from aqueous solutions. The resin was effective in decreasing the fluoride concentration from 5 mM down to 0.002 mM in the pH range of 2.8 to 4.2. The rate constant for the sorption was found to be 5.6 x 10‐2 min‐1. The sorption of the fluoride was the Langmuir type and its capacity was 0.68 mmol‐F/g resin. The sorption selectivity shows that the fluoride removal may be interfered by the presence of phosphate and sulphate but was not affected by chloride, bromide, iodide and nitrate ions. The removal of fluoride from actual industrial wastewaters was more than 96%. A column test shows that fluoride ion was retained on the column until the breakthrough point. The fluoride ion sorbed can be eluted from the resin with 100 mM sodium hydroxide, and the column can be reused after being conditioned with 1 mM hydrochloric acid.


4 FTER nearly two hundred years of European settlement, /\ there may be some utility in reviewing the stewardship of this JL jLvast land. One hundred years ago, Australia enjoyed the highest per capita income in the world. This preeminence proved short-lived, however; early in the twentieth century the United States laid claim to the title, and Australia's ranking since has slipped steadily. The decline has been particularly marked in recent years; by 1982, Australia had fallen to sixteenth place, and currently her position is being further eroded as certain of the more vigorous Asian nations move steadily up the ladder. Growth in gross domestic product is of course only a crude measure of change in national well-being: failing to take account of shifts in income distribution, it gives no weight whatever to improve ments in the quality of life. Because Australians place a high value on leisure, they have to some extent chosen increased leisure in place of higher income. Owen Harries, former Australian Ambassador to UNESCO, described Australia as "simply a pagan country in which the only things to which the word 'worship' could be applied are the sun and the beaches."1 While this may be true, there is today a growing concern that Australia may not be realizing its full economic potential. This is not, however, the view of the world outside. Australia is today generally perceived as a rich nation; gold, the golden fleece, and, more latterly, black gold have all contributed to this opinion. In 1983, the French magazine L'Express voted Australia "country of the year." In explaining why it was braving custom and tradition in


Seawater samples collected in the vicinity of MAPS (Madras Atomic Power Station) from 17 stations covering an area of 4 km were analysed for distribution of heavy metals viz. iron, copper, cadmium and mercury. Mercury was analysed by cold vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and the other heavy metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Water samples were found to have heavy metals such as Fe (26-85 μg l), Cu (0.05-5.1μgl; Cd (0.5-1.7 μg l) and Hg (0.03-1.5 μg l). Samples from the power plant cooling system and condenser outfall were specifically analysed for copper and primary production. Copper concentrations were in the range 1 – 2.2 μg l. Primary productivity was low on passing through the power plant cooling circuit. However, it was found to recover once the effluent mixed with the ambient sea. Present study infers that heavy metal concentrations in the vicinity of the power station outfall are comparable to unpolluted pelagic waters of the Bay.