The current article seeks to investigate the behavior of masonry wall reinforced with timber lumbers and effect of timbers on increasing the shear strength and ductility of wall. To determine the mechanical properties of the timbers, two experiments according to ASTM D143 were performed. All of the mechanical properties required for timber simulation were determined via tensile and compressive tests, and using parametric equations. The behavior of the timbers under tensile force was brittle, and under pressure was semi-ductile. Hill yield criterion was utilized for timber behavior modelling. Predictably, the location of the plastic strain formation in the tensile and compressive specimen was consistent with the location of the fracture in the experimental specimens. In the next parts of the research, the obtained parameters were used to model the mechanical behavior of the timbers. Macro and meso approaches were used for the numerical modeling of the masonry wall. The Willam–Warnke yield criterion was used on the macro scale, and the cohesive-frictional interface constitutive model was utilized on the meso scale. Both numerical models were in good agreement with the laboratory results. However, due to the gap and sliding of the masonry wall in the numerical model, the Meso scale was used in the research. The masonry wall was retrofitted and strengthened by three different patterns of timber placement. An examination of the analysis results showed that by placing the timbers, the wall cracking pattern tends to change, and the ductility and shear capacity of the wall considerably enhances.


IL-2 gene expression is regulated by the cooperative binding of discrete transcription factors to the IL-2 promoter/enhancer and is predominantly controlled at the transcriptional level. In this study, we show that in normal T cells, the −180 site (−164/−189) of the IL-2 promoter/enhancer is a p-cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (p-CREB) binding site. Following activation of the T cells through various membrane-initiated and membrane-independent pathways, protein kinase C (PKC)-θ phosphorylates CREB, which subsequently binds to the −180 site and associates with the transcriptional coactivator p300. Rottlerin, a specific PKC-θ inhibitor, diminished p-CREB protein levels when normal T cells were treated with it. Rottlerin also prevented the formation of p-CREB/p300 complexes and the DNA-CREB protein binding. Cotransfection of fresh normal T cells with luciferase reporter construct driven by two tandem −180 sites and a PKC-θ construct caused a significant increase in the transcription of the reporter gene, indicating that this site is functional and regulated by PKC-θ. Cotransfection of T cells with a luciferase construct driven by the −575/+57 region of the IL-2 promoter/enhancer and a PKC-θ construct caused a similar increase in the reporter gene transcription, which was significantly limited when two bases within the −180 site were mutated. These findings show that CREB plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation of IL-2 and that a major pathway for the activation of CREB and its subsequent binding to the IL-2 promoter/enhancer in normal T cells is mediated by PKC-θ.


The paper explores interiorization as a method in Scriptural reading. The reader looks into the movement in the scriptural text as one pays attention to the interiorization of God's reality in the human person. However, it is not an unidirectional inward movement but a receptivity that leads to responsiveness and responsibility. The movements, moments, and layers of interiorization unfold through the examination of Hebrew terms - Shema, Hesed, Hakkadosh, Hineni, Emunah, Teshuvah, Yirah, and Tamim.
The paper provides the visual representation and translates the dynamics of interiorization in the reciprocal spiritual relation into Scriptural Reading through frames of questions. Through the phenomenological method and dialogic reading, the paper intends to broaden the understanding of interiorization and its application within the framework of Biblical Spiritual Hermeneutics.


Estimation of E. coli Concentrations from Non Point Sources Using GIS. (August 2011) Kyna Ellen McKee, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Raghupathy Karthikeyan Dr. Patricia Smith When developing a Watershed Protection Plan (WPP) or a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), it is often difficult to accurately assess the pollutant load for a watershed because not enough water quality monitoring data are available. According to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), there are 274 bacteria impairments in Texas water bodies out of 386 impaired water bodies. Bacteria water quality data are often more sparse than other types of water quality data, which hinders the development of WPPs or TMDLs. The Spatially Explicit Load Enrichment Calculation Tool (SELECT) was used to develop watershed protection plans for four rural watersheds in Texas that are impaired due to E. coli bacteria. SELECT is an automated Geographical Information System (GIS) tool that can assess pathogen loads in watersheds using spatial factors such as land use, population density, and soil type. WPPs were developed for four rural Texas watersheds: Buck Creek, Lampasas River, five sub watersheds of the Little Brazos River, and Geronimo Creek. A spatial watershed model was developed to simulate bacteria concentrations in streams resulting from non point sources using SELECT combined with a simple rainfall-runoff model and applied to the Geronimo Creek watershed. The watershed model applies a rainfall-driven loading function to the


In a rapidly evolving cloud computing industry, legacy software vendors are racing to transform their existing business models to compete against both established and emerging cloud "native" software vendors. To cope with these challenges, vendors are forming partnerships with other firms to access and leverage new and complementary resources, capabilities, and knowledge. Building on prior work on two traditionally distinct literature streams—interfirm networks and software ecosystems—we theorize that structural characteristics of a software vendor's partner network can influence its firm value. Specifically, we argue and find empirical support that partner network size, interconnectedness, and diversity impact firm value, measured by market capitalization for publicly listed firms and total funding for privately held firms, and that the association between structure and firm value differs by vendor type (legacy versus cloud-native). We explore these associations using a data-driven ecosystem analysis of 5429 firms, apply text analytic methods to differentiate vendors by technology stack focus (infrastructure, platform, software), and complement our empirical analyses with visualizations of the collaborative structure of the cloud computing ecosystem. We conclude with theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications.


The present invention discloses a monoclonal antibody, to a human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma cell lines secreting the antibodies anti object of the present invention is to provide a novel monoclonal antibody, designated HGY, the monoclonal antibody is an anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies G, is IgG3 subtype, the monoclonal antibody is capable of antigen-antibody reaction with seven kinds of HLA-G isomers occurs; further provided a secretion said monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell line. Since the monoclonal antibody of the invention for HLA-G is highly specific, and combined with all isomers of HLA-G, and therefore has a high sensitivity in the detection of cancer pathology. The invention also discloses a method of cancer diagnosis using the antibody, and the use of the antibody preparation immunohistochemistry kit and its application.


Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) is a possible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specific marker, however it may also be generated by a limited number of stomach malignancies. PIVKA-II-producing stomach cancer has been recorded in 16 instances so far, two of which were reported by us and all of which were found in Japan. In virtually all instances, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are also elevated. In roughly 80% of instances, liver metastasis is found, and portal vein tumor thrombus is detected in roughly 20% of cases. It's often difficult to tell the difference between a metastatic liver tumor and HCC. Almost all cases appear to be advanced stomach cancer macroscopically. In many cases, a hepatoid pattern is present, as well as a moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma component. Immunohistochemical staining is frequently used to confirm the generation of PIVKA-II and AFP. The presence of liver metastasis influences treatment and prognosis, and individuals with liver metastasis have a poor prognosis. PIVKA-II may be generated by tumor cells during hepatocellular metaplasia.


Ultimately, it is very difficult to isolate BSL's effectiveness for a number of reasons. There is no unified dog bite reporting system for all Canadian municipalities to follow. Public safety campaigns typically accompany BSL which helps to educate the public and consequently reduce dog bite statistics. And finally, pit bull misidentification is a common occurrence. What is known about BSL, is that it addresses the dogs of the irresponsible owners as inherently dangerous. This classification not only demonizes dogs without any signs of aggression, but also does little to address the poor behaviours of irresponsible owners. This is why I advocate abandoning BSL in Canada and adopting a more responsible dog ownership model.


Preface 1. Introducing postmodernism 2. Postmodern musicology - postmodern music 3. From anti-modernism to postmodern nostalgia 4. The challenge of the past 5. The music of George Rochberg: from modern serialism to postmodern pastiche 6. The music of John Zorn: 'a postmodernism of resistance' 7. Blurring the boundaries 8. The music of Sofia Gubaidulina (and others): 'as if the history of music were at an end' 9. Repetitions and revisions: from bebop to hip-hop Postscript Bibliography Recordings.


This work employments a manufactured resistant framework connected for diagnosing breast cancer tests. Taking as premise an immunological prepare, the Negative Selection Algorithm was utilized to segregate the tests, achieving a classification for generous or harmful cases. The most application of the strategy is to help experts within the breast cancer demonstrative prepare, in this manner giving decision-making agility, efficient treatment arranging, unwavering quality and the vital mediation to spare lives. To assess this strategy, the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Determination database was utilized. This is often a real breast cancer database. The comes about gotten utilizing the strategy, when compared with the specialized writing, appear precision, strength and proficiency within the breast cancer demonstrative handle.


Impressive neural machine translation (NMT) results are achieved in domains with large-scale, high quality bilingual training corpora. However, transferring to a target domain with significant domain shifts but no bilingual training corpora remains largely unexplored. To address the aforementioned setting of unsupervised domain adaptation, we propose a novel adversarial training procedure for NMT to leverage the widespread monolingual data in target domain. Two discriminative networks, namely the domain discriminator and pair discriminator, are introduced to guide the translation model. The domain discriminator evaluates whether the sentences generated by the translation model are indistinguishable from the ones in target domain. The pair discriminator assesses whether the generated sentences are paired with the source-side sentences. The translation model acts as an adversary to the two discriminators, which aims to generate sentences uneasily discriminated by the discriminators. We tested our approach on Chinese-English and English-German translation tasks. Experimental results show that our approaches achieve great success in unsupervised domain adaptation for NMT.


The ability to detect significant differences among genotypes in trials depends on the variance associated with the means. Dwangwa Sugar Estate, Malawi, imports genotypes from the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) to test for possible commercial release. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum number of replications and crop-years required for adequate discriminating ability for yield and quality parameters. Data for yield (cane and sugar) and quality (estimable recoverable crystal [ERC %] and fibre %) were collected from two trial series. Each trial had eight replications and was harvested in the plant and four ratoon crops. The data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to estimate the variance components used to calculate broad-sense heritabilities (BSH). The optimum number of replications and crop-years was modeled using BSH. Yield traits produced more significant variance components for genotype by environment interaction (G×E) than quality traits. Quality traits produced larger BSH than yield traits. Four replications and harvesting in the plant and three ratoon crops provided adequate discriminating ability among genotypes. The resources saved by reducing replications could be used to plant more trials on different soil types to exploit or minimise G×E.


A description is given of Pu-handling equipment (cutting machinery, manipulators, microscope, and operation consoles) associated with the Saclay hot- cell facility. The procedures followed at this facility are also touched upon. (T.F.H.)


A hybrid control method for a flexible manipulator based on an angular velocity control is presented, which is applicable to curved constraint surfaces. The error of contact force is converted into a velocity vector according to the force/velocity conversion law which consideres both force respose characteristics and variational angular velocity with respect to normal direction of the surface. The velocity vector which is tangent to the constraint surface is calculated using the velocity control law. The desired velocity vector is obtained as a sum of the above two velocity vectors, and is converted into angular velocity vectors. A vibration control law is proposed to reduce overshoot of end point velocity response. The desired angular velocity vector is obtained as a sum of the above angular velocity vector and vibration control term. Motion and force controls without calculating inverse dynamics is performed using DC motors whose desired values are equal to the above desired angular velocity vectors. Computer simulations and experimental analyses are carried out to clarify the validity of the proposed method.


Traditional activity-based costing(ABC) can't reflect all cost, including capital, because their activity-chain carries on the limitation of cost analysis. Bringing in economic value added(EVA) which takes the capital cost as the center and combining the two methods together as a new system, the kind of defect of ABC can be effectively modified. This paper probes into the feasibility of combining the two methods and introduces the concrete application method. In addition, using the actual data from the field study, it probes into its application steps, results and impact on the administrative decision-making after improvement.


After more than 20 years of investigation, there are now three (3) major North American phase III trials showing positive results (GOG-172, SWOG-9619, GOG-114/SWOG-9227). Chaired by Dr. Deborah Armstrong, the most recent study, GOG-172, observed an improvement in survival for those women treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment following optimal cytoreduction surgery for ovarian cancer. This study, along with other published randomized controlled trials, shows a consistent trend of improved survival in a selected group of ovarian cancer patients. The National Cancer Institute in the United States has recently issued a clinical announcement supporting the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in this subset of ovarian cancer patients. The Society of Gynecologic Oncologists of Canada (GOC) supports the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in optimally debulked stage three ovarian cancer patients. GOC and its partners in comprehensive cancer centres in Canada will develop a strategy to implement this care for our patients.


The effects of water stress on stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis of cherrybark oak (Quercusfalcata var. pagodaefolia Ell.) and sweet gum (Liquidamberstyraciflua L.) seedlings were studied under controlled environment conditions during the 1983 growing season. Drought stress induced stomatal closure and significant declines in net photosynthesis for both species. Stomatal conductance declined by as much as 43% in cherrybark oak and 82% in sweet gum compared with predrought levels. Net photosynthetic rates also declined 85% from predrought levels in sweet gum and fell below zero in cherrybark oak. The remarkable decline in net photosynthesis in cherrybark oak while stomata remained partially open suggests that in addition to a stomatal effect, nonstomatal factors were involved in the reduction of net photosynthesis. In sweet gum, however, stomatal limitation of net photosynthesis seems to be the dominant factor. The greater relative decline in mean leaf conductance in sweet gum suggests a greater ...


Peanut production acreage has increased substantially in southwest Alabama in the past several years. Since prevailing weather conditions in this newer production area are conducive to peanut diseases, primarily due to frequent rainfall during summer months, a 2-week calendar fungicide treatment schedule is considered essential to controlling leaf spot diseases and rust in order to optimize yields. In 2003, 2004, and 2005, extended calendar application intervals and the AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory were compared with the recommended 2week calendar schedule for peanut disease control on partially disease-resistant peanut cultivars (DP-1 in 2003 and Florida C99R in 2004 and 2005). Fungicide programs included recommended rates of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and tebuconazole. Numbers of fungicide applications for the 2-, 3-, and 4-week calendar schedule treatments were 7, 5, and 4, respectively in each year. Fungicide applications made according to AU-Pnuts are based on rain events and resulted in 5 sprays in 2003 and 7 sprays in 2004 and 2005. Fungicide application schedule had a significant impact on leaf spots, rust, southern stem rot and yield in at least two of the three study years. Results indicate that recommendations for the 2-week fungicide application schedule should be maintained in this area. Fungicide program also had a consistent effect on measured variables, with the azoxystrobin program providing better disease control and higher yields. Introduction Over the past decade, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production has expanded into southwest Alabama. This newer production area is approximately 200 mi west of the western edge of the historically important southeastern US peanut production region encompassing southeast Alabama, southwest Georgia, and northwest Florida. Southwest Alabama differs from peanut-production areas to the east in that it is warmer with greater rainfall (24). From May through September, average daily ambient temperature in southwest Alabama is 78.6°F, which is 1°F warmer than southeast Alabama. In addition, rainfall is an almost daily occurrence due to convection thundershowers. 10 November 2006 Plant Health Progress In southwest Alabama, late leaf spot (caused by Cercosporidium personatum) is more common and damaging than early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola), although both diseases are damaging (11). Rust (caused by Puccinia arachidis) is also a common disease found on peanut in southwest Alabama (Fig. 1), but is rarely found to the east. In contrast, southern stem rot (SSR; caused by Sclerotium rofsii) does not appear at as high incidence here as the disease does in Alabama's traditional peanut production counties (2), probably due to cropping history. When not controlled, early and late leaf spot diseases can defoliate peanut and reduce anticipated yield by as much as 50% (27). Peanut rust can also contribute to plant defoliation and pod yield reduction. In the arid tropics and subtropics, rust-related yield losses have been found to be in excess of 50% when no fungicides have been applied to the peanut crop (29). With almost daily afternoon thunderstorms and the occasional tropical storm, an intensive fungicide program is considered essential to protecting peanut in southwest Alabama from damaging outbreaks of late leaf spot, early leaf spot, and rust in order to optimize pod yields. To effectively control these diseases, fungicide applications, which should be initiated 30 to 40 days after planting, must be repeated at 10to 14-day intervals until 2 weeks before the anticipated digging date (30). Depending on rainfall patterns and cultivar selection, often eight fungicide applications are made to a peanut crop. The recommended calendar fungicide program for controlling foliar, stem, and pod diseases can account for nearly 25% of the variable costs in a peanut production budget (1). With the availability of peanut cultivars with partial resistance to early and late leaf spot (3,7,10,12,13,14), reduction of fungicide inputs by lengthening application intervals may be an option for peanut producers. However, lengthening application intervals for chlorothalonil at 1.12 lb a.i./acre from 2to 3-weeks on the partially late leaf spot-resistant peanut cultivar Southern Runner resulted in a significant increase in disease severity (4). In addition, a sizable reduction in yield was seen in one of three years on several partially leaf spot-resistant peanut cultivars when application intervals for chlorothalonil were extended from 2to 3-weeks (4,13). Heavier leaf spot damage was noted on the peanut cultivars Florida C99R, MDR-98, and Georgia Green when they were treated at extended intervals, regardless of fungicide. However, yields were similar with 2and 3-week application intervals when the fungicides used were tebuconazole or azoxystrobin (22). The AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory can be used for timing fungicide applications, and is an alternative to extending fungicide application intervals in order to reduce fungicide sprays. AU-Pnuts triggers a fungicide application based on the number of accumulated rain events, each with 0.10 inch of rain or irrigation within a 24-hour period, and the 5-day average rainfall forecast (18). Rain events are recorded for this advisory starting at true ground cracking when seedlings first emerge. Regardless of the 5-day average rainfall forecast, the first fungicide application must be made no later than the sixth rain event. Beginning 10 days after that, and for each subsequent fungicide application, additional applications are triggered: (a) after three rain events, (b) when the 5-day average rainfall forecast is ≥ 50%, or (c) when one or two rain events have been recorded and chance of rain in the 5-day forecast is ≥ 40% or ≥ 20%, respectively (18). Studies with the susceptible cultivar Florunner demonstrated that an average of 1.25 applications of chlorothanil per year were saved with AU-Pnuts scheduling compared to 2-week application intervals (18). Thresholds for fungicide application were adjusted for the partially leaf spot-resistant cultivar Southern Runner, and up to 2.5 applications were saved (17). Brenneman and Culbreath (4) noted a reduction of two fungicide applications in two of three years Fig. 1. Section of row in peanut plot showing damage from peanut rust. 10 November 2006 Plant Health Progress using AU-Pnuts compared to the standard 2-week calendar schedule. A similar reduction in fungicide applications was observed with scheduling azoxystrobin applications using AU-Pnuts by Hagan et al. (12), but there was an increased risk of inadequate control of early leaf spot and yield loss. These previous studies with AU-Pnuts were conducted in southwest Georgia and southeast Alabama. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2-, 3-, and 4week calendar application schedules to the AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory in the newer production area of southwest Alabama. The study also evaluates three fungicide programs that include azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and chlorothalonil for control of leaf spots and rust. These studies were conducted using partially disease-resistant peanut cultivars. Production Methods Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were planted on 28 May 2003, 13 May 2004, and 12 May 2005 at the rate of 6 seed/ft of row in a field at the Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope, Baldwin County, AL. The latematuring (maturity group 5) runner peanut cultivar DP-1, which was planted in 2003, was replaced with the late-maturing (maturity group 5) cultivar Florida C99R in 2004 and 2005. Both of these cultivars are partially resistant to early and late leaf spot, as well as southern stem rot (7,10,15). The test sites are maintained in a cotton-cotton-peanut rotation. The soil type is a Malbis fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults) with less than 1% organic matter. The test site was prepared for planting with a disk harrow and ripper/hipper. Optimal soil fertility and pH were maintained according to the results of a soil fertility assay conducted by the Soil Testing Laboratory at Auburn University (16). Broadleaf and grass weeds were controlled by lightly incorporating a preemergence application of pendimethalin (Prowl 3.3, BASF, Research Triangle, NC) at 0.82 lb a.i./acre with a disk harrow. Newly emerged weeds were controlled with an application of paraquat (Gramoxone Maxx 3.0, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro NC) at 0.11 lb a.i./acre of + bentazone at 0.33 lb a.i./acre + aciflurofen (Storm 4L, United Phosphorus Inc., Trenton, NJ] at 0.16 lb a.i./acre + Activate (Agriliance LLC, St. Paul, MN) non-ionic surfactant at 0.23 oz/gal of spray volume about 5 to 7 days after ground cracking. In 2005, 2,4 DB (Butyrac 200, Agri Star Inc., Ankey, IA) at 0.24 lb a.i./acre + paraquat 0.11 lb a.i./acre + a premix of bentazone (0.33 lb a.i./acre) + aciflurofen (0.16 lb a.i./acre) + Induce wetter/spread adjuvant (Helena Chemical Company, Collierville, TN) at 0.76 oz/gal of spray volume was applied. Sethoxydim (Poast Plus 1EC, BASF, Research Triangle, NC) at 0.17 lb a.i./acre + Prime Oil at 0.12 gal/acre was applied to control escape grass weeds on 25 June 2003. Imazapic (Cadre 70DG, BASF, Research Triangle, NC) at 0.06 lb a.i./acre + Activate surfactant at 0.20 oz/gal of spray volume was made on 11 July 2003 for broadleaf and nutsedge control. On 27 June 2005, imazapic at 0.04 lb a.i./acre + diclosulam (Strongarm 84WDG, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) at 0.14 lb a.i./acre at 0.3 oz/acre + Induce wetter/spreader adjuvant at 0.8 oz/gal of spray volume was broadcast to control escaped broadleaf weeds. In addition, escape weeds were pulled by hand. Aldicarb (Temik 15G, Bayer CropScience, Kansas City, MO) at 1 lb a.i./acre was applied in-furrow at planting to control thrips. The test sites were not irrigated. Plots were inverted on 18 October 2003, 18 October 2004, and 10 October 2005. Wind


This business project presents the creation of the Magazin "Digital Language Corner", which wants to promote the languages study in young people in Bogota. Through the Web 2.0, the Social Media and different media rich content. The reader will be informed about professional, personal, social, and cultural advantages of dominating a foreign language.This Action is planed with the porpuse of encouraging the reader to study at least one of the world diverse languages, whether it is for having an additional knowledge to his/her profession or for being his/her professional career.the kind of market, DLC is focused to, reaches Bogota resident young people from 14 to 28 years old, which are students from schools, colleges, universities, teachers, workers. This free Magazine presents different educative, cultural, work and trip abroad offers through online advertisement that promotes languages study.


The present invention discloses a lipid mimetic compound of Formula I, provided wherein: G representative of a group to satisfy Formula II: HO-CH2- {CH (OH) -CH2-O} m-CH2- {C (= O) -O -CH2} q-? Formulas II, each n is independently an integer of 1-30; m is an integer of from 1 to 10; Q is 0 or 1. These compounds may be incorporated into the lipid bilayer thermosensitive liposome, to assist in preventing leakage of liposomal contents at at 37 ℃ and the retard clearance from the circulation.


The aim of this article is to study the collectives of religious women who lived at the end of the Middle Ages in Andalusia. Researches about this item multiplied in the last years, but the analysis has been made from an institutional perspective. The novelty of my investigation is based on the analysisof their economic basis and their religious vocation, as on their family ties that their lifestyle allowed them to keep unlike religious women living in enclosed environments. Even they didn't renounce to maternity. Enter into the privacy of religious women's lives has been possible thanks to the information contained in the compilation of Public Notaries' official records preserved at the Municipal Archive of Jerez de la Frontera.


Interest in the ethics of research on human subjects, stimulated by atrocious human experimentation during WWII and the resultant Nuremberg Code, has been sustained by examples of unethical research in many countries and by proliferation of codes and guidelines. Such interest has intensified in recent years in association with expanding international collaborative research endeavors. The ongoing controversy in international research ethics takes place at two levels. At the practical level it is about the competing concerns of those predominantly interested in doing research to advance knowledge and those who, while supporting the need for research, are more acutely aware of the potential to exploit vulnerable participants, especially in developing countries. At the level of theory the controversy pits ethical universalism against moral relativism. In her recent review of agreements and controversies in international research ethics, Ruth Macklin has concluded that, despite seeming agreement on several issues, many different viewpoints persist. In her view it is unlikely that these will be resolved easily.


Global regulatory interdependence is increasingly prevalent, with decision makers often affected by choices of jurisdictions in faraway places. Anu Bradford's The Brussels Effect makes a significant contribution to our understanding of power in contemporary societies, which extends beyond military and normative power to power defined by regulatory capacity and market forces. Bradford empirically traces the global regulatory power of the European Union, which affects foreign business practices and policy choices, and theoretically identifies the prerequisites for the emergence of this phenomenon. This review article further situates the Brussels effect, perceived by Bradford as a passive process, within the context of other kinds of unilateral mechanisms that actively extend EU regulation beyond EU borders. This contextualisation demonstrates that law is a significant explanatory factor for its emergence. Both the legal design of measures with extraterritorial reach and the Court of Justice's permissive stance often determine the extent of the Brussels effect. Also, analysing the Brussels effect alongside more active mechanisms of the extraterritorial reach of EU law reveals important normative questions regarding the legitimacy of the EU as a global regulatory power.


We evaluated the mollusk death assemblages along seven sites in a deepsea expedition off northwestern (NW) Cuba. We aimed to (1) provide the first baseline of mollusk diversity in sediments of the NW region, and (2) test if there were west-east gradients of α- and β-diversities. We found 141 species in sediments: 68 deepsea benthic, 43 shelf benthic, and 30 pelagic species. The richness of pelagic species was similar along the NW region indicating significant settlement of pteropod shells to the seabed. The occurrence of shelf species in the deepsea suggested a downslope transport of shells enhanced by the slope steepness and dredging in two ports. β-diversity of deepsea benthic mollusks showed a high turnover at local scales explained by habitat heterogeneity. β-diversity of pelagic species was extremely low suggesting that the planktonic assemblage was evenly distributed. In contrast, high β-diversity of shelf benthic species occurred likely due to downslope transportation of materials. Deepsea gastropods were mostly detritivores, while bivalves were mostly suspension feeders. These dominant biological traits indicated oligotrophic conditions in sediments likely coupled with an intense hydrodynamic regime in the deepsea. The NW Cuban region seems to be a hotspot for mollusk diversity because of the discovery in a single expedition of seven new species, 12 new records, and 36% endemism relative to the entire Gulf of Mexico. Our findings revealed a complex and diverse mix of deep/pelagic/shelf species but did not indicate a west-east gradient in the mollusk assemblage structure.


There is currently great interest in the development of information systems that operate in the cloud infrastructures. Relevant, and, in general, remain unsolved tasks by optimization of large databases to work in a hybrid cloud infrastructure, quality of service (QoS) at different levels of cloud services, dynamic control of distribution of cloud resources in application systems and many others. Research and development of new solutions greatly limited if used emulators or international commercial cloud services, due to the closed architecture and limited opportunities for experimentation. Article answers questions about the establishment of a pilot cloud «at home» with the ability to adjust the width of the channel emulation and delays in data transmission. Here is describes the architecture and configuration of the experimental setup. The proposed modular structure can be expanded at the disposal of computing power.


Abstract : An experiment using 17 mongrel dogs was performed comparing the production of selective brain hypothermia by esophageal cooling alone and with external neck cooling. A second experiment on 4 of these dogs, using the latter technique compared the effects of increased carbon dioxide inhalation and bilateral vertebral artery ligation on the production of selective hypothermia. Although selective brain hypothermia was achieved in all animals to varying degrees, it was not of a sufficient magnitude to be recommended for clinical use. The clinical and pathologic changes are described.


The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is a rare, poorly studied species endemic to South America. In Colombia it occurs in the Orinoco and Amazon regions. The natural history of the giant armadillo is still poorly known, and studies on wild individuals are scarce. Here we document three records of giant armadillo offspring obtained through camera traps in a riparian forest in Puerto Gaitán (Meta-Colombia). We also describe observations on parental and offspring behavior.


Energy pile takes a full use of shallow geothermal, the heat exchanger is
 buried in the foundation extract the ground heat source for heating and
 cooling of the upper building. Firstly, the geothermal potential of the
 region is calculated. Then, the heat transfer efficiency of pile foundation
 under different operation conditions is tested by field test. Finally, the
 numerical simulation software is used to analyze and compare the field
 measured results with the numerical simulation results to simulate the heat
 transfer efficiency of the heat exchange pile under different operation
 modes. The results shows the heat transfer efficiency of the double U
 connected tubes is suitbable used in drilled pile, and the heat transfer
 capacity of the energy piles does not decrease significantly during a year
 operation mode and even long.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this research was to attempt a preliminary study of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome in Southwest Chinese gravidas by using the plasma placental RNA allelic ratio.

METHODS
The genotypes of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the transcribed regions of the gene PLAC4 were detected in population samples collected in Southwest China by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and SNPs with a higher heterozygosity were selected. Mass spectrometer analysis was adopted, and cases with the heterozygous SNPs on PLAC4 mRNA in maternal plasma were selected from 29 pregnancies with a euploid fetus and from 21 pregnancies with a trisomy-21 fetus, and then their RNA-SNP allelic ratios were further determined for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome.

RESULTS
Of all 50 singleton pregnancies, 37 gravidas were found with at least one heterozygous SNP on PLAC4 mRNA in maternal plasma. Among them, 13 pregnancies with a trisomy-21 fetus were detected by the analysis of the RNA-SNP allelic ratio.

CONCLUSION
The plasma placental RNA allelic ratio can be used for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome, if SNPs on PLAC4 mRNA in maternal plasma are heterozygous.


• Inducing uniaxial strain in connective tissue strengthens extracellular matrix of artificial valves • Optimum strain regimen has yet to be determined • We measure ECM strength which is correlated to collagen deposition, mediated by ERK pathway • We hypothesize 1% strain will cause similar response as 5% strain (Experiment 1) • We also must show the bioreactor is capable of 1% strain (Experiment 2)


In this paper we present a unique approach to make use of CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) [1] from IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in a situation aware mode. The protocol adapts its characteristic for resource optimization depending on the indication inferred from sensed data. We consider a use-case for vehicular telemetry using a constrained in-vehicle sensor gateway which posts the vehicular information (accelerometer, GPS, device-identifier, time). In this use-case bandwidth usage is the main concern for the sensor gateway whereas usage of power which is directly impacted by overall bandwidth consumption is a key factor in case of mobile phone used as sensor gateway. We have reduced communication cost and optimized resource usage in terms of energy and bandwidth which are essential for any constrained sensor gateway by adapting characteristics of CoAP as mentioned above. The improvements are established by analyzing the data captured in real field.


The work on the canonical problems to date has demonstrated how the FDTD code can be developed to investigate both the interaction of radiofrequency waves with biological-like structures and the characteristics of the sources themselves. Although the canonical problems are but the first step in the evaluation of dosimetry in the head resulting from mobile telecommunications, the SAR distributions produced by various modelling techniques show promising similarities and it is planned to validate them experimentally in the future using an inhomogeneous head shaped phantom. The ability to evaluate characteristics of EM sources will be of considerable value in the authors' other work involving the simulation of RF fields produced by the coils used in magnetic resonance Imaging. It has also been shown that the FDTD method can be used to develop an understanding of the relationship between the power received at a radiometer and the microwave (thermal) radiation sources within the body under investigation. The advantages of using the FDTD approach to study radiometry include the ability to model accurately the characteristics of the radiometer, particularly in the near field region, and to incorporate complex biological bodies into the model.


In this article, we report a new type of lignin-based wood-like aerogel filters composed of aligned micrometer-sized pores and cross-linked lignin-based cell walls, as well as their air filtration-...


As any contemporary philosopher knows, the truth of physical reality is inextricably entangled with metaphysical presuppositions. Science operates within an interpretative framework that formulates questions and interprets answers. This framework is not testable by scientific methods. Take the general theoretical framework of contemporary physics, quantum mechanics (QM, also known as quantum physics and quantum theory). According to its "bare" formulation — the "minimal instrumentalist interpretation of quantum mechanics" (Redhead, 1987) — the mathematical framework of QM is a probability calculus. It allows us to calculate the probabilities of the possible outcomes of possible measurements on the basis of actual measurement outcomes. Differently put, it quantifies correlations between measurement outcomes.


Exclusive processes are traditionally described by perturbative hard blocks and "distribution amplitudes" (DAs), matrix elements of operators of various chiral structure and twist. One paper (with I.Zahed) calculate instanton contribution to hard blocks, which is found comparable to perturbative one in few-GeV2 Q2 region of interest. Another paper aims at comprehensive wave functions of mesons, baryons and pentaquarks. The last ones are also included as 5-quark component of the baryons. The calculation, using 't Hooft operator, gives x-dependence and magnitude of the antiquark PDF. It explains long standing issue of strong flavor asymmetry of antiquark sea. The third paper (also with I.Zahed) is semi-review on the instanton-sphaleron processes in QCD and electroweak theories, with emphasis on their possible experimental observation via double diffractive events at LHC and RHIC. Insert your english abstract here.


Knowledge and awareness of the importance of protecting the environment is the responsibility of society. Knowledge of global warming in the form of causes, processes, and their impact on human survival is absolutely necessary so that people have the initiative power to face the phenomenon. The learning process in formal education is one effective way to educate people so that they have the knowledge, skills, and enough awareness so that they can participate to maintain environments. Ecoliteracy is knowledge and awareness which is owned by the public about the environment, and the various aspects that follow. Ecoliteracy can be developed in all subjects, particularly subjects geography. As a study of the similarities and differences in the phenomenon of the geosphere, academic geography has a direct responsibility to raise awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. The learning model to develop ecoliteracy a challenge for teachers for each material, classroom and school environment has characteristics which must be taken into consideration based learning development


A ggressive digital papillary carcinoma (ADPACa), first described by Helwig in 1984 as a variant of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, is a rare malignant neoplasm occurring in the hands, feet, fingers, and toes. These tumors have a high local recurrence rate and a uniformly fatal metastatic potential. They typically occur in male patients between the fifth and seventh decades. We present a patient referred to the orthopaedic department with the diagnosis of a digital mucous cyst that proved to be an aggressive digital papillary carcinoma. Informed consent was obtained from the patient.


This paper first summarizes four kinds of typical soil pollution areas,namely border area of the city,the industrial accumulation area,the mining and metallurgy centralism area,and the both sides of transportation lines,and discusses the replacement utilization of cultivated land in the soil pollution areas,proposing the establishment of optimal areas of converting cropland to forest,central residential area construction,farmland settlement,and agricultural structure adjustment.Finally the paper puts forward suggestions for preventing and controlling farmland pollution.


Recommended Citation Sinclair, James; Gilson, Carly B.; Whirley, Mary; and Li, Yi-Fan (2020) ""It's an opportunity to get opportunities": A brief report on the working lives of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic," Developmental Disabilities Network Journal: Vol. 1 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26077/89fb-f8a8 Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ddnj/vol1/iss2/7


Christopher Francis Howard Vickers ("Chris") was born in Congleton, Cheshire. After graduating he was intent on specialising in cardiology, but while holding a post as medical registrar at Sheffield Royal Infirmary he was persuaded by I B Sneddon to try dermatology, to which he devoted the rest of his clinical career. He later became a senior registrar at St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin and also Great Ormond Street, spending a year as a …


California Governor Gray Davis has approved a budget that includes items from both his proposed budget for fiscal year 1999-2000 and the budget proposed by the State Legislature. The new budget will add $13.4 million for new HIV programs, most of them targeted at communities of color. He used his line-item veto to eliminate another $3.5 million that the Legislature had already approved. The governor accepted the Legislature's figures for prevention and education, surveillance programs, and support and prevention services among communities of color; he trimmed appropriations in early intervention programs and residential care facilities. Davis also eliminated funding for anonymous HIV testing at family planning clinics and for partner counseling and referral services. The budget also adds funding for research on kidney and liver transplants for people with HIV.


Introduction: The reasons for increased incidence of cesarean section in primiparous patients are obvious. Firstly, increased safety of this operation has widened the indications both maternal and fetal. Secondly, in the past, cesarean section used to be a last resort for delivery while now it is a method of choice over any unpredictable and unavoidable traumatic vaginal delivery. Also the increasing advances in assessing fetal maturity and fetal well being have improved the ability to use cesarean section in a more efficient manner. Thus the present study was undertaken to see the immediate outcome of cesarean section such as birth weight, APGAR score, post section hemoglobin status. Aims and objectives: To find out an immediate outcome of cesarean section in primiparous patients. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at ACPM Medical College, Dhule. All the primiparous women attending the institute for the delivery and undergone cesarean section were enrolled in the study. Immediate outcome of cesarean section were recovered. Birth weight, APGAR score at 1 minute and 5 minute were recorded. Hemoglobin status at the time of admission and discharge was also recorded. Results: Incidence of cesarean section in primiparous women was 24.9%. Most common age group was young between 15 to 25 years. It was observed that 101 (39.60%) babies were weighing between 2500 to 3000 grams. There were a large majority of 170 (66.68%) babies with APGAR score more than 7 at 1 minute and 212 (83.15%) babies at 5 minutes. was observed that post cesarean section hemoglobin status was improved.


GABAB receptors are a member of the G protein-coupled family of receptors which are generally considered to be excellent drug targets,with a complex and refined mechanism of activation.Traditional drug development targeted at GABAB receptors is focused on agonists and antagonists,the use of which is limited by its side effects,poor pharmacokinetics,and the development of tol-erance.Allosteric modulators,which interact with binding sites topologically distinct from the orthosteric ligand binding sites,can modu-late the interaction between subunits or domains in the GABAB heterodimer.Positive and negative allosteric modulators can potentiate or decrease the activity of GABAB receptors respectively,with improved selectivity and safety,along with maintenance of spatial and tem-poral aspects of GABAB receptors signaling.Allosteric modulators give the new opportunity on the GABAB receptors targeted drug devel-opment.


Adaption of the luminol-carbon monoxide injection system to a flowing type system is reported. Analysis of actual wastewater samples was carried out and revealed that bacteria can be associated with particles greater than 10 microns in size in samples such as mixed liquor. Research into the luminol reactive oxidation state indicates that oxidized iron porphyrins, cytochrome-c in particular, produce more luminol chemiluminescence than the reduced form. Correlation exists between the extent of porphyrin oxidation and relative chemiluminescence. In addition, the porphyrin nucleus is apparently destroyed under the current chemiluminescent reaction conditions.


The Model Business Corporation Act (MBCA), which is 50 years old this year, has proven to be remarkably influential. As of January 2000, it is cited 1026 times as the source of or authority for current state statutes. It has been cited 453 times in state court opinions (most often in Delaware), four times by the United States Supreme Court, 53 times by the various United States Courts of Appeal (most often by the Seventh Circuit), and 88 times by various United States District Courts, Bankruptcy Courts, and the Tax Court. The Official Commentary has been cited in 38 cases, and the Act itself has been cited or discussed in 614 law review articles


BOURSE  : Master Programs at the Central European University. Deadline: 1 February 2015. Open to applicants with a first degree from a recognized university. Central European University in Budapest, Hungary is a graduate-level "crossroads" university where faculty and students from more than 100 countries come to engage in interdisciplinary education, pursue advanced scholarship, and address some of society's most vexing problems. It is accredited in both the United States and Hungary, and of...


The Ebola virus and Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is essential for assembly and release of newly formed virions. For Marburg virus, VP40 also suppresses immune signaling. Oda et al. (p. 1839 –1848) describe the crystal structure of Marburg virus VP40 and show how this protein differs from Ebola virus VP40, especially in the lipid-interacting C-terminal domain. This work also links structure to function for Marburg virus VP40: its dimer is essential for virus assembly, and the N-terminal domain and likely its alternate ring assembly mediate immunosuppression.


Human beings are the only mammals to be able to utilize high-level cognitive functions to build knowledge, innovate, and communicate their complex ideas. Imagination, creativity, and innovation are interlinked in the sense that one leads to the other. This chapter details the concepts of imagery, imagination, and creativity and their inter-relationships in the first section. Next, the author discusses the historical perspectives of imagination pertaining to the accounts of famous philosophers and psychologists like Aristotle, Kant, Hume, Descartes, Sartre, Husserl, and Wittgenstein. Section 3 and 4 present the neuro-biological correlates of imagination and creativity, respectively. Brain regions, neuronal circuits, genetic basis, as well as the evolutionary perspective of imagination and creativity are elicited in these sections. Finally, creativity and innovation are explored as to how they will contribute to knowledge build-up and advances in science, engineering, and business in the fourth industrial revolution and the imagination age.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to bakery industry. The method involves a liquid starter preparation, a nutritious mixture addition to the starter, dough kneading from rye flour or rye and wheat flour mixture, a pressed yeast suspension, a salt solution and water, dough fermentation, handling, proofing and baking. The nutritious mixture is prepared from pumpkin food press cake (produced of pumpkin seeds by the method of heat extrusion in a double-screw press extruder at a temperature of 50-80°C, rye flour and water taken at a ratio of 10:26:72. Before mixing, during dough kneading at a temperature of 29-32°C, one adds pumpkin food press cake in the form of a suspension in water at a ratio of pumpkin press cake: water being (1:2)-(1:4); the press cake quantity is equal to 2.5-7.5% of the dough flour weight. EFFECT: invention allows to increase organoleptic and physical-and-chemical indices, extend the ready product freshness preservation period and enhance the product nutritive and biological value. 1 tbl, 2 ex


In Abusive Constitutional Borrowing: Legal Globalization & The Subversion of Liberal Democracy (OUP 2021), Rosalind Dixon and David Landau have made a significant and sobering contribution to the comparative constitutionalism literature. The book combines analytical clarity with granular detail drawn from case studies worldwide to show how would-be authoritarians pretend to be liberal democrats while simultaneously undermining the structures and values of liberal democracy.

In this symposium essay, I situate the book within comparative constitutional scholarship, highlighting three signal contributions to the extant literature. I then offer two minor critiques—on the Thailand case study and on the origins of the basic structure doctrine, respectively—before taking up the authors' invitation to reflect more broadly on the state of liberal democracy and the nature of the threats facing it. My main takeaway is this: while Dixon and Landau impressively expand and apply the constitutional toolkit to safeguard liberal democratic institutions and norms, they—and all of us—are ultimately up against a political problem. That is, no matter how abuse-proof a liberal democracy is designed to be, illiberal, authoritarian leaders are likely to find new ways to undermine it. Liberal democracy, then, needs liberal democrats to develop a winning political strategy, one that keeps the anti-democratic forces at bay through the ballot box.


This paper aims to examine corresponding aspect of emotional nouns between Korean and Japanese. Especially this paper focused on the differences of semantic domains of emotional nouns. At first, some of basic concepts of collocation are reviewed from the point of Korean language education. After that, we contrast the responding types of collocations between Korean and Japanese. we also examine the contrastive features and semantic domains of emotional nouns in Korean and Japanese collocations. Overall, this study provides not only the cognition about emotional nouns in Korean-Japanese, but also the better usage of Korean collocations which is combined with emotional nouns.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yoghurt obtained from milk enriched with whey proteins in polymerized form. The influence of adding polymerized whey protein (PWP) on the antioxidant potential of yoghurt was demonstrated by determining the free radical content using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The kinetics of coagulation was examined during fermentation at 37, 41 and 45. The number of lactic acid bacteria was determined as well as their proteolytic and lipolytic activity. The results have shown that the addition of PWP accelerated the process of reaching the target pH 4.45, thus reducing the fermentation time by as much as 21 %. PWP increased the antioxidant potential of yoghurt more than WPC80. The yoghurt obtained at 37 °C had a higher antioxidant potential (DPPH 5.02 mmol·kg-1; FRAP 5.52 mmol·L-1) than those obtained at 41 °C and 43 °C. In the yoghurt with PWP, Lactobacillus were determined to have a concentration of 5.2 × 109 CFU·mL-1. After 21 days, the number of Streptococcus bacteria decreased. There was no effect of PWP on the number of Bifidobacterium bacteria.


Metallized films and articles including a metallized film are disclosed. The metallized films may include multiple layers in which a metal layer is positioned between and in contact with two cross-linked polymeric layers.


A clear picture of the dynamic processes of river water quality, in particular for a river such as the Erft with low mean water flow combined with intensive water use, cannot be obtained through simple spot checks. For this reason, twenty-three years ago the Erftverband, a water management association in North RhineWestphalia (Germany), initiated an online monitoring network consisting of six water quality monitoring stations for continuous recording of contents of surface water in the Erft catchment. Measurement data combined with physicochemical and biological data from routine spot checks is processed at a central facility to yield information needed to assess and if necessary to improve water quality. Examples of such information are presented. The considerable advantages for river basin management planning are disclosed.


To master the development law of reproduction on Carya cathayensis , flower-bud differentiation was studied by paraffin section .The results indicates that :(1)Stamen primordia form from the apex of a male-flower primordium in the last ten days of March next year , then stamens form and further differentiate in the middle ten days of April .(2)In the last ten days of April , 4 pollen sacs form in a stamen , then tetrads emerge in a pollen sac for pollen mother cellsmeiosis .Later , tetrads are separated to 4 single-cell pollens .Middle layer and tapetum disappear gradually during the pollen development .(3)2-cell pollens form and escape from pollen sacs , and then , inflorescences shed in the first ten days of May .(4)Corresponding relationship is established between external forms and anatomical structure .[ Ch , 1 fig .2 tab .18 ref .]


A kind of superconducting integrated circuit is provided, which includes the clock distribution network (600) for distributing clock signal in superconducting integrated circuit.Clock distribution network (600) may include the timing topology with unit cell, wherein each unit cell may include at least one ridge and at least one column.At least one ridge is connected at least one column, and wherein at least one column can also be inductively coupled at least one superconducting component.Clock signal can have wavelength.Each unit cell can be separated from each other a distance along timing topology, and wherein the distance can be less than 1/10th of wavelength.


Employees who believe their company treats them fairly-listens to them, consults with them on important decisions, and manages them with respect-respond in ways that bolster the bottom line. What's more, practicing process fairness costs little financially. So why don't more companies do it consistently?


Abstract Patient-centered care is an important aspect of medicine. The Johns Hopkins Initiative Curriculum aims to teach residents to view patients as individuals and to consider the context of the...


The Yellow River is the only surface pond for industrial production and urban domestic demands of cities in Lanzhou section.But waters of this section have been seriously polluted recently,and water quality has declined,which has a direct impact on economic development and people's lives.The paper based on analyzing the investigation results of water samples of drain outlet in Lanzhou section,expounds on the current state of water pollution in Lanzhou section and proposes the effective countermeasures.


This presentation looks at the rollout of the EU's Open Science agenda. It analyses the constituent parts of Open Science, and studies the EU's policy frameworks and ambitions. A detailed analysis of Open Access to publications and research data management follows. The deliverables of the EU-funded LEARN project on research data management are then described, and an exploration of the ambitions for the European Open Science Cloud given. The paper ends with suggestions on Next Steps for Open Science in Europe.


Term rewriting is frequently used as implementation technique for algebraic specifications. In this paper we present the abstract term rewriting machine (ARM), which has an extremely compact instruction set and imposes no restrictions on the implemented TRSs. Apart from standard conditional term rewriting, associative lists are supported. ARM code is translated to (ANSI) C; the resulting execution speeds are good (on a sun4, an average of 80000 rewriting steps per second and a maximum of 416000 r/s were measured). Several benchmarks are shown, and related work is discussed in depth.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: virus-inactivated blood plasma for introduction to the person, in essence, does not contain the agents inactivating viruses, received from donors from whom 10 % or more belong to population of the non-Caucasoid race individuals, thus plasma is received by mixing of blood or blood plasma of A and B groups, it is unessential AB, without adding blood or blood plasmas of the 0 group, and is characterised that it contains: from five to six parts of blood or a blood plasma of the donors having A group of blood, from four to five parts of blood or a blood plasma of the donors having B group of blood, from zero to one part of blood or a blood plasma of the donors having AB group of blood. The pharmaceutical composition for manufacture of a medical product for treatment of deficiencies of factors of coagulation, thrombocytopenic purpura is offered, and for use in a repeated exchange of great volume of plasma. Application a virus-inactivated blood plasma according to the invention for manufacture of a medical product and the way of a virus-inactivated blood plasma manufacture is offered. EFFECT: rising of efficiency of treatment. 10 cl, 2 ex


Prof. Wang advocates the treatment of HCC based on therapy with syndrome differentiation of TCM.Syndrome-classification are strengthening body resistance and eliminating pathogen,including invigorating the spleen and qi,nourishing liver yin,dispersing stagnated liver qi,promoting blood circulation to remove stagnation,eliminating dampness and expelling heat,treating virulent pathogen with poisonous agents.


Saudi Arabia has dates as the most important agriculture crop, from both production and area harvested sides, its area was 155 thousand hectares and production was 991 thousand tons in 2010. Even that, the post production stage for dates did not developed to offer the efficient marketing services. Technical and cost efficiency estimation of date marketing became a necessary step to develop date marketing services. This study explores the relationship between, date marketing efficiencies, technical (TE) and cost (CE), and date marketing objectives, with special reference to date marketing scales (Y), date marketing margin (MM), and date marketing classical efficiency as ratio between date marketing margins to date marketing costs (MM/MC). Results of this case study indicated that technical efficiency, based on dates marketing scale objective, gets the highest value at Madena (0.80) while lowest was at Al-Hassa (0.68). While cost efficiency did not change much as it was 0.23 at Al-Hassa and 0.20 at the other 3 provinces. While for date marketing margin objective, the technical and cost efficiencies are the same, 0.7 and 0.2, respectively for all the studied four provinces. The ratio of market margin to marketing costs (MM/MC), as an objective, has its impact on technical efficiency for date marketing was about 0.7, for 3 provinces except at Riyadh, it was 0.6. The dates marketing cost efficiencies for all 4 provinces have the same value of 0.2. * Corresponding author


b A major principle in American democratic ideology is the concept of the marketplace of ideas in which all citizens have the opportunity to receive information and to communicate their ideas to others.1 Mininberg argues that the importance of the marketplace of ideas and the closely related concept of a "public forum" is based upon a democratic belief that truth may be discovered by applying reason, but only to the extent that there is an "unimpeded flow of information." Central to the notion of a public forum, then, a re issues of accessibility, decentralization of control, opportunity for a variety of viewpoints and a diversity of sources, which imply unimpeded access to the channels of communication.


After Escape Fromm Freedom was published we have neglected the potential of Erich Fromm's social-psychology as Critical Theory. This article aims at the reconstruction of his thought about modernity (Moderne). Marcuse and other Frankfurters criticized the ethical trend which his social theory assumes. But in Fromm's view criticizing the depressing structure of modernity and constructing the ethics of reason can never be separated. Why did he hold on the hope for reason ? In this paper we try to answer this question throwing light on the philosophical relationship between reason and nature in Fromm's thought which is rooted in Spinozism.


The invention relates to a cooling device for an internal combustion engine with a motor-driven pump and a flow control valve for achieving a predetermined Austragdurchsatzes (a circulating coolant quantity) of the pump 500 with a pump power is minimized while a water flow resistance is kept as low as possible (by a valve opening degree THETA is kept as large as possible). A value of an electric current flowing through the pump 500, thereby smaller in order to reduce energy consumption (power consumption).


The invention provides a preparation method of theophylline. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, extracting theophylline, namely preparing a chlorine salt solution, and soaking tea leaf medicinal materials in the chlorine salt solution to extract theophylline; B, enriching theophylline, namely adsorbing extracting liquid by adopting non-polar polystyrene type macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography, after adsorbing, eluting, collecting eluting liquid, and performing reduced pressure concentration to obtain extract; C, purifying, namely performing alumina column chromatography on the extract, eluting, collecting eluting liquid, performing reduced pressure concentration, and refrigerating, crystallizing, filtering and drying concentrated liquid to obtain theophylline compounds. According to the method, a large quantity of high-quality theophylline compounds can be obtained through the four steps of extracting by the chlorine salt solution, enriching by macroporous adsorption resin, performing alumina column chromatography and crystallizing; the four steps are mild in condition and low in requirement, and the preparation cycle is short; the process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the requirement for the technical level of operators is low, and the industrialized popularization is facilitated.


The en route noise test was designed to characterize propagation of propfan noise from cruise altitudes to the ground. In-flight measurements of propfan source levels and directional patterns were made by a chase plane flying in formation with the propfan test assessment (PTA) airplane. Ground noise measurements were taken during repeated flights over a distributed microphone array. The microphone array on the ground was used to provide ensemble-averaged estimates of mean flyover noise levels, establish confidence limits for those means, and measure propagation-induced noise variability. Even for identical nominal cruise conditions, peak sound levels for individual overflights varied substantially about the average, particularly when overflights were performed on different days. Large day-to-day variations in peak level measurements appeared to be caused by large day-to-day differences in propagation conditions and tended to obscure small variations arising from operating conditions. A three-dimensional ray-tracing method was used to account for atmospheric propagation of sound and predict sound levels on the ground from repeated flights performed at three representative cruise conditions. A parametric evaluation of the sensitivity of this prediction method to weather measurement and source level uncertainties was also performed. In general, predictions showed good agreement with measurements. However, the method was unable to predict short-term variability of ensemble-averaged data within individual overflights. Although variations in absorption appear to be the dominant factor in variations of peak sound levels recorded on the ground, accurate predictions of those levels require that a complete description of operational conditions be taken into account. The comprehensive and integrated methods presented in this paper have adequately predicted ground-measured sound levels. On average, peak sound levels were predicted within 3 dB for each of the three different cruise conditions.


The EL performance of the tandem structured phosphor/polymer/SWCNT composite was greatly increased by structural and material effects, which led to increased tunneling charge carriers into phosphor, resulting in improved luminance. The tandem structured composite EL device exhibited a 1570% increase in the luminance compared to the raw phosphor EL device.


This article reviews the potential for improving the fuel efficiency of the heaviest truck classes, primarily diesel combination (tractor-trailer) trucks that account for most of highway freight energy use in the United States. The authors tabulate the feasible improvements from the implementation of commercially available technologies and the introduction and widespread use of near-commercial technologies. An economic analysis compares the fuel-saving benefits to the costs of improvement.


There is a popular tendency in management science towards what could be called "theory denial": the denial of the significance of theory for the development of management thought and action. We contend that this theory denial is just wrong, in the light of empirical evidence, and that is a damaging idea, because it diverts the attention of the scholarly community away from the core issues of the field. In this paper, we consider two variants of this theory denial, purporting to reveal the serious problems in their justification. First, the approach stressing the importance of studying how ideas are translated into solutions by organizations is considered. It is shown that there two unsubstantiated assumptions, first about the relative lack of importance of the (solution) idea, and second about the prior existence of such ideas. Second, a recent influential view on management innovation and the process through which it emerges is examined. This view focuses on the individuals (from inside and outside the organisation) who drive the innovation process and on the phases of the innovation process itself. The motivation for change is represented as coming solely from a perceived shortfall between the organization's current and potential performance. Ideas, it would seem, arise spontaneously to fill this gap. We present historical examples to argue that the genesis of innovative management thinking can be much more closely accounted for and that ideas can themselves have a role in motivating change. Through exemplary cases, we contend that new concepts of production have operated in a way resembling the role of a scientific paradigm, as defined by Kuhn. A leading aspect of such a paradigm is that it defines criteria for choosing problems. The concept precedes and drives the innovation, functioning as a paradigm which guides the development of detailed solutions to problems which otherwise would not be visible. Indeed, the developments of new concepts of production seem to have triggered a long-standing stream of interrelated management innovations. Thus, rather than arising spontaneously in response to organisational need, "management ideas" have arisen in the context of an emerging theory of production. Thus, we contend that the role of management scholars is not only to come up with creative ideas or to address the translation of ideas, as held in the mainstream view, but rather they should develop new concepts and theories on phenomena 1 Koskela, L J & Rooke, J 2009, What Triggers Management Innovation?, in: Hirota, E & Cuperus, Y (eds.), 'Proceedings IGLC 17; 17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction', TBA, Taipei, Taiwan, pp.337-343. Conference details: 17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, LCI-Taiwan and LCI-Asia, The Grand Hotel, Taipei, Taiwan, July 15-17, 2009.


Increased rates of Zika virus have been identified in economically deprived areas in Brazil at the population level; yet, the implications of the interaction between socioeconomic position and prenatal Zika virus exposure on adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remains insufficiently evaluated at the individual level. Using data collected between September 2015 and September 2019 from 163 children with qRT-PCR and/or IgM-confirmed prenatal exposure to Zika virus participating in a prospective cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (NCT03255369), this study evaluated the relationships of socioeconomic indicators with microcephaly at birth and Bayley-III neurodevelopmental scores during the early life course. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated increased odds of microcephaly in children born to families with lower household income (OR, 95% CI: 3.85, 1.43 to 10.37) and higher household crowding (OR, 95% CI: 1.83, 1.16 to 2.91), while maternal secondary and higher education appeared to have a protective effect for microcephaly compared to primary education (OR, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.11 to 0.98 and 0.10, 0.03 to 0.36, respectively). Consistent with these findings, adjusted linear regression models indicated lower composite language (−10.78, 95% CI: −19.87 to −1.69), motor (−10.45, 95% CI: −19.22 to −1.69), and cognitive (−17.20, 95% CI: −26.13 to −8.28) scores in children whose families participated in the Bolsa Família social protection programme. As such, the results from this investigation further emphasise the detrimental effects of childhood disadvantage on human health and development by providing novel evidence on the link between individual level socioeconomic indicators and microcephaly and delayed early life neurodevelopment following prenatal Zika virus exposure.


Optical properties of polymers are not so different of other substances, excepting those characteristics related to the chain dimension and structure or conformational changes. Optically active polymers have found interesting applications because of their specific properties. The optical properties of these materials lie at the basis of many applications, for example in chromatographic methods for enantiomeric separations or creating complex optical devices. In this study are presented some aspects concerning the optical activity of polymers, especially the dependence of the specific rotation on wavelength. The dispersion of the specific rotation offers information regarding the conformational changes or Cotton effect.


The reproductive ecology character of Larix chinensis is studied in this article, the result is as follows, (1) The female flower is located at the branch of 2~4 years old, and the male flower, at the branches of 2~6 years old .(2)The microsporophyed are arranged spirally at its column.There is one pair at its back. The pollen, without airsac, dissipate from the microsporange, with the help of the wind .There are 2 ovules at the base of the ovuliferous. (3) with the time going on, the color of the male flower is from green to light yellow. After the pollination dissipation, the male flower turns soft and begins to drop. The female flower is purplish red first. Then, with the intersegmentum becoming longer. the ovuliferous scale becomes separate, at this time, the ouvlebegins to accept the poolen. Then the ouvleferous scale becomes thick and the gap between the ovuliferous scale becomes small the pollination comes to an end.


IT has been 10 years since Haugen1 demonstrated that sudden deaths during meals — falsely labeled "heart attacks" — are usually due to choking on a large piece of meat. Four years earlier Helpern2 ...


Nehe is the"hometown of potatoes" in China.In recent years,there has been great progress in potatoes industry;however,there are still many factors which restrict the industrialization of potatoes.So the efforts should be put on these aspects,such as perfect the production system of detoxification potato seed propagation,increase the investment of technology,strengthen scientific management,machinery subsoiling of tillage,reasonable shifting cultivation,optimize the structure of planting industry,compounding based of composition of soil,reasonable fertilization,integrate control of disease,pest and weed,increase supporting degree of government and settle combination service practically.Accordingly,the potatoes industry could gain a great progress,while the incomes of peasants would also be improved.Thus the issue of agriculture countryside and peasants could be solved and the fast development of economic of city region could also be accelerated.


This study was undertaken to establish an industrial process for the preparation of low-soda alumina useful in the manufacture of electronic ceramics. First, starting material, , was admixed with the chlorine-containing compounds. or HCl, employed as the treating agent for reducing the soda in starting material, and then admixture was calcined at a temperature sufficient to eliminate the soda as a volatilizable compound which was produced by reaction of the soda and the above mentioned treating agents. This treatment is so-called the volatilization method. The results obtained in the study show that addition amount of treating agents has an enormous effect on the elimination of soda, and that optimum addition amount of and HCl is 2.43 and 8.38(mole of treating agent/mole of ), respectively.


Over the fifty years of the People's Republic of China,the tax system has undergone three stages of development:establishment,consolidation,and tortuous development.China's tax system has experienced five major reforms.Now it is in the initial stage of developing a taxation framework suited to the needs of the socialist market economy.China has strengthened the revenue extraction functions and macro\|regulative functions of taxation,signaling that the tax system has entered a new stage of development.This paper examines these developments and suggests their lessons.


Negative and positive gas ions were found in nitrogen gas, irradiated with a Sr/sup 90/ source. An increased nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter vinerandii supplied with positive gas ions was detected, compared to cells fed with non-irradiated gas or negative gas ions. The effect was found to be one of a decreased glucose consumption.


This study raised concerns about the effect of working facilities and competencies to job satisfaction and its impact on performance. The research was conducted within the scope of the District Muara Bulian precisely on the entire village.The performance of employees is among the key issues are constantly faced by the organization management. Therefore, among the tasks of the manager is a very important move employees to contribute to the success of the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the influence of working facilities, competencies, job satisfaction and performance. Influence of working facilities, competencies, job satisfaction and employee performance tested either directly or indirectly.To examine issues directly above the survey conducted by distributing questionnaires to employees village office. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively and verification. Data analysis tool made by using Path Analysis. The results of this study indicate that the working facilities and competence have an influence on job satisfaction and have an impact on performance, both directly and indirectly.


In this research, we propose a method of estimating object class and orientation given multiple input images assuming the relative camera orientations are known. Input images are transformed to descriptors on 2-D manifolds defined for each class of object through a CNN, and the object class and orientation that minimize the distance between input descriptors and the descriptors associated with the estimated object class and orientation are selected. The object orientation is further optimized by interpolating the viewpoints in the database.The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparative evaluation with other methods using publicly available datasets. The usefulness of the proposed method is also demonstrated by recognizing images taken from the cameras on our humanoid robot using our own dataset.


Can volunteers playa useful role in today's overburdened welfare programs? USE OF VOLUNTEERS IN PUBLIC WELFARE This significant survey, undertaken by the National Study Service on behalf of the New York City Department of Welfare, outlines the ways in which volunteers can be integrated into welfare services. The study was sponsored by the Junior League of New York City. In Use of Volunteers in Public Welfare you will find discussions of: • the kinds of jobs that can be handled well by non-professionals • where to look for potential volunteers • suggestions for the supervision and training of laymen • methods of maintaining volunteer interest • how volunteer participation increases community support of welfare programs Everyone concerned with welfare services, and volunteer services of all kinds, will find this new report of vital interest. $2.50


Abstract In this paper, we construct operator fractional Lévy motion (ofLm), a broad class of infinitely divisible stochastic processes that are covariance operator self-similar and have wide-sense stationary increments. The ofLm class generalizes the univariate fractional Lévy motion as well as the multivariate operator fractional Brownian motion (ofBm). OfLm can be divided into two types, namely, moving average (maofLm) and real harmonizable (rhofLm), both of which share the covariance structure of ofBm under assumptions. We show that maofLm and rhofLm admit stochastic integral representations in the time and Fourier domains, and establish their distinct small- and large-scale limiting behavior. We also characterize time-reversibility for ofLm through parametric conditions related to its Lévy measure. In particular, we show that, under non-Gaussianity, the parametric conditions for time-reversibility are generally more restrictive than those for the Gaussian case (ofBm).


The past two decades have seen a massive increase in the level of activity of universities based in developed countries in the south-east Asian region. I wish to locate my remarks in the context of two major developments in the global picture of education. One is the economic relocation of higher education and the transformation of knowledge into an economically grounded export commodity, significantly, under the aegis of the World Trade Organization. The other is the shift in the financial relationships existing between public universities and the State in many developed countries. Both of these themes speak to the economic relocation of the university and higher education in general. The implications flowing from these developments for developing countries are significant as they try to position themselves in an era of so-called free trade.


Composite materials are widely used today. In this paper we want to conduct a research on the strategy of milling processing of composite materials. A CAD model is required to perform this research. This 3D model must have different areas where the difference between the climb strategy and the conventional strategy can be observed. Special tools and cutting parameters corresponding to the material to be machined are required for this 3D model.


In this work, we study the performance of random isometric precoders over quasi-static and correlated fading channels. We derive deterministic approximations of the mutual information and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) receiver and provide simple provably converging fixed-point algorithms for their computation. Although these approximations are only proven exact in the asymptotic regime with infinitely many antennas at the transmitters and receivers, simulations suggest that they closely match the performance of small-dimensional systems. We exemplarily apply our results to the performance analysis of multi-cellular communication systems, multiple-input multiple-output multiple-access channels (MIMO-MAC), and MIMO interference channels. The mathematical analysis is based on the Stieltjes transform method. This enables the derivation of deterministic equivalents of functionals of large-dimensional random matrices. In contrast to previous works, our analysis does not rely on arguments from free probability theory which enables the consideration of random matrix models for which asymptotic freeness does not hold. Thus, the results of this work are also a novel contribution to the field of random matrix theory and applicable to a wide spectrum of practical systems.


The serious Doppler effects caused by the high speed of HSR in wireless communication systems are considered. A estimation framework is proposed, consisting of a cooperative antenna system installed outside the train body and Kalman-filtering as well, base on Rice channel model. Then the comparisons and analysis of the estimation presented in this paper with that of joint DFO and channel estimator are conducted by simulations. In particular, we find that for the same velocity of the train and the Rice fading channel parameter, the estimated value is very close to the theoretical results and is better than that of joint DFO and channel estimator. Meanwhile, the bit error rate (BER) for 16QAM dropped significantly when the Rice fading channel parameter varies to 10. Especially, by building the architecture, we not only get the good estimation results, but more pilots are saved and the system efficiency of frequency band can be improved effectively. The framework presented in this paper can provide compensation calculation in HSR with limited pilots as well.


The current work aimed to analyse the prospective effects of parenting practices on adolescent problematic behaviour taking into account the mediation effects of deviant affiliations in normative Spanish adolescents. For this purpose, a sample of 663 adolescents aged 12 to 15 (M = 12.49, SD = 0.68) and gender-balanced (54.3% male) were recruited from 13 state secondary schools in Galicia (NW Spain). Two structural equation models were tested separately on violent behaviour, nonviolent antisocial behaviour, and substance use: the parenting model analysed parental knowledge and parental support through deviant peers, and the sources model analysed adolescent disclosure, parental control, and parental solicitation through deviant peer affiliations. The results of the parenting model indicated that the effects of parental knowledge on all the types of problematic behaviour were significantly mediated by deviant peer affiliations. In addition, the direct effect of parental knowledge was significant on substance use for males. Regarding the sources model, the results indicated that the effects of adolescent disclosure were significantly mediated by deviant peer affiliations on all the types of problematic behaviour only for females. No significant effects of parental support, parental control, and parental solicitation were found. Methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed.


Why not pay a visit to the Hodsock Priory Snowdrops this winter? The country house is located in Blyth on the Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire border. Throughout February the gardens and woodland are opened up to the public so you can enjoy the beautiful...


Objective To compare and assess the diagnostic value of non contrast-enhanced MR angiography(NCE-MRA)with contrast-enhanced MR angiography(CE-MRA)in the preoperative assessment of renal artery.Materials and Methods Eighteen patients with hypertension and twelve potential living renal donors underwent NCE-MRA and CE-MRA with the same 1.5T MR scanner.Anatomic angiographic images were reconstructed and their datasets available for analysis independently performed by two radiologists.Results Assessment of data quality of renal arterial vessels was rated with a four point scale.After consensus reading,a total 28 images(93.3%)scored more than 3 point were observed in NCE-MRA and 29(96.7%)in CE-MRA,respectively.Segmental branch vessels were visualized on MR angiography in the majority of cases.Both NCE-MRA and CE-MRA correctly characterized 57 of 60 single kidneys and without false positive cases.3 false negatives were observed in NCE-MRA group.There were no statistically significant differences between NCE-MRA and CE-MRA for characterization of renal vasculature(P0.05).Kappa value was more than 0.75 for both reviewers.Conclusion NCE-MRA is a non-invasive and effective method that provides a comprehensive assessment of the renal artery.


The relationship between output and environmental quality improvement is studied in a vintage capital framework. In particular, we study how this relationship is altered when countries import older and more polluting technologies. We show that old technologies prolong the period until pollution may eventually decrease and this turning point is reached for a higher level of pollution. An empirical study on export data of vintage technologies to developing countries supports our empirical …ndings. Keywords:Environmental quality, sustainable development, vintage technologies, EKC. JEL Classi…cation: O13, O33, Q01, Q56


In the design of CO gas detection instrument of laser,The signal generator should be able to output four serials signals with different frequency at the same time.Besides,their digital frequency,phrase and magnitude should be flexibly adjustable.According to this,the design of DDS is discussed based on FPGA.The EP2C8Q208C8 of Altera corporation is chosen to do the main digital processing work which mainly depends on its large scale and high speed.Based on the improved DDS algorithm,the complexity of the system has been reduced,tending to be more modular,which results in more accurate frequency of the waveform.


A fault-tolerant adaptive control scheme is developed for attitude tracking of flexible spacecraft with unknown inertia parameters, external disturbance, and actuator faults. The uncertainties of flexibility and dynamics are parameterized, and the control gain matrix uncertainty is handled using an uncertainty decomposition. The control scheme, with adaptive laws of the overall system uncertain parameter estimates, guarantees the system stability and asymptotic attitude tracking properties. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


The influence of ignition timing on coefficient of variation of indicate mean effective pressure(CoVIMEP)was investigated.The influence of different factors on cyclic variations is compared with fixed ignition timing and minimum CoVIMEP(MCV)ignition timing.Experimental results show that a certain ignition timing could be found where CoVIMEP is the minimal under the given operation condition.Under fixed ignition timing conditions,different ignition timings will give different cyclic variations characteristics.Cyclic variations characteristics are unique by using MCV ignition timing.


Abstract x DISLOCATIONS IN CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS II. MODELS of x DISLOCATIONS Models of x dislocations with continuous core in cholesteric liquid crystals are given. These models explain the properties of the x dislocations described in part I; in particular, the presence of singular points on the lines, the attractive coupling between two dislocations of the same sign and the repulsive coupling between two dislocations of opposite signs. Deformations of isolated lines and grouped lines are explained by the continuous nature of the cores. RESUME Des modeles des dislocations x avec des coeurs continus sont donnes. Ces modeles expliquent les proprietes des dislocations decrites dans la lere partie, principalement le presence de points singuliers sur les lignes, le couplage attractif entre dislocations de měme signe et le couplage repulsif entre dislocations de signe oppose. La nature continue du coeur de ces dislocations explique les deformations des lignes isolees et groupees.


In their focal article, Hüffmeier and Zacher (2021) discuss the effects that basic income (BI) could have on the relationship between employees and their work. In particular, they note that the introduction of BI might lead to an increased focus on meaningfulness of work as individuals become less reliant on a salary. We agree with this viewpoint, and we feel that variables related to motivation will be particularly important in this discussion. One of these that has demonstrated a consistent relationship with workplace outcomes is calling. Calling is generally considered a person's purpose or passion in life and can be defined as a "meaningful passion toward a domain" (Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas, 2011, p. 1003). We think calling has the potential to be one of the most important variables to explore when considering the influence of BI on employment. Although calling is a relatively new variable in psychological and organizational research, several studies have established the importance of calling (Duffy & Sedlacek, 2007; Kaminsky & Behrend, 2015; Lobene &Meade, 2013). Many studies on calling have demonstrated the positive relationship between calling and beneficial workplace outcomes, including job satisfaction and career self-efficacy (Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas, 2011; Duffy et al. 2011a; Kaminsky & Behrend, 2015; Wrzesniewski et al., 1997). In addition, Duffy et al. (2011b) suggests that higher levels of calling promote greater confidence in career decisions and greater hope in the pursuit of one's goals. Research has further demonstrated how organizations can benefit from fostering a sense of meaning in the work of their employees, as doing so will result in happier and better workers (Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas, 2011; Kaminsky & Behrend, 2015). Research has also begun to explore what relationships calling might moderate, which could help organizations better understand when having a calling would be most beneficial (Lobene & Meade, 2013). Although most outcomes associated with perceived occupational calling are positive, one potentially negative outcome is a decrease in career adaptability (Duffy & Sedlacek, 2007). However, other research has found that calling actually increases career adaptability (Praskova et al., 2014). On the other hand, if a calling is left unanswered, research indicates that people will often craft their jobs in order to fulfill their calling through less conventional methods (Berg et al., 2010). Although it was found that individuals who practice job-crafting techniques experience enjoyment and meaning through this practice, they also felt regret and stress due to the difficulty of pursuing their unanswered call (Berg et al., 2010). Thus, there are potentially serious consequences for an unfulfilled calling. In our exploration of psychological calling, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of calling on several workplace outcomes such as job satisfaction, turnover intention, and career related selfefficacy, aswell asmore general outcomes such as lifemeaning. The studies in this analysis used several different measures of calling, which included the 12-item Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (Dik et al., 2012), the 9-item Vocational Identity Questionnaire (Dreher et al., 2007), Dobrow and


The Localization Map of Avalanche Phenomena (CLPA in French) was created in 1971 as a response to the deadly avalanche that occurred in Val d'Isere (February 1970, 39 persons killed). The aim is to inventory and record the areas where avalanches have occurred in the past and their widest limits. The CLPA has rapidly become an essential part of mountainous area development planning. After another catastrophic avalanche, which occurred in the village of Montroc (Chamonix) in February 1999, the Ministry for the Environment decided to continue and to modernize the CLPA, a mission that was assigned to the Cemagref with the collaboration of the ONF. This modernization included digitizing maps and eye witness account records, compiling summary notes on the main avalanche information for each mountain massif, updating avalanche maps, and making all this information available online (www.avalanches.fr). The information recorded in the database is also very important for research.


This paper presents an expert system for the segmentation of a 2.5-D image. The results of two segmentation approaches, edge-based and region-based, are combined to produce a consistent and reliable segmentation. Rich information embedded in the 2.5-D image is utilized to obtain a view independent surface patch description of the image, which can facilitate object recognition considerably.