Besides fertility and mortality and the balance between the two, migration also injluences population development in terms af size, sex and age composition. Through the analysis af population development in Hungary, this paper investigated the role af international migration in demographic processes. Wehave followed closely the process in which, after the demographic catastrophes in Hungarian history (1239-1290 and 1550-1650), the missing population was replaced by foreigners settling down in Hungary. The role played by this settled population has been examined as well. We have outlined the ejfects ofthe third demographic disaster (1914-20), which has determined the development af Hungarian population up till the present day. As a consequence af the peace treaties at the end af World War I Hungary lost two-thirds of its population, thereby changing the structure af the population profoundly. Besides the above-mentioned processes we have demonstrated the direct and indirect ejfects af contemporary migration on the development af population size. We have also dealt with the migratory losses caused by the revolution af 1956 and the decades afterwards and we have shown the way net migration has injluenced the composition af the Hungarian population between 1881 and 1990. The migratory balance af Hungary has been negative ever since 1901, which has also contributed ta thefact that the Hungarian population started decreasing two decades before this occurred in the majority af European states.


The photosynthesis rate of \%Caragana microphylla\% decreases by 11\^63 times af ter it have been introduced to Tengger desert from its original area Horqin Sand y Land, where it is 11\^21 \%μ\%mol\5m -2\^s -1, and its photosynthesis diurnal curve changes from concave fashion t o single-peak. The photosynthetic rate of \%C. intermedia\% is 4\^5 \%μ\%mol\5m -2\5s\+\{-1\} when it grows in Mu Us sandy land, but decreases by three time after being introduced, and its photosynthesis diurnal curve changes from t wo-peak to single-peak. In the same environment condition, the photosynthesis features of \%C. korshinskii\% and \%C. intermedia\% are similar. The photosynth etic rate of \%C. microphylla\% is the lowest and decreases most after being int roduced, which shows that its adaptability to introduced area is less than \%C. intermedia\%.


The modern level of development of society is closely connected with the level of development of economy which acts as basis of social development. The indicator of a level of living depends on the volume of requirements, quantity and quality of the benefits and services provided to the population, at the same time the subsistence minimum defines degree, consumption of goods and services. In recent years the real income and, as a result, purchasing power of the population decrease, consumers save not only on durable goods, but also on food. Also the food allowance changes, being displaced towards bread, bakery products and potatoes.


The Covid-19 epidemic has adversely affected all stages of social life all over the world. Educational institutions, which are one of the environments where the risk of transmission is the highest due to close contact, have been the areas where the first measures are applied. In this context, distance education decision has been taken by YÖK in all universities since March 2019. Face-to-face education has started again in many universities in the fall of 2021, with the widespread measures taken and the partial control of the epidemic with vaccination. In line with the mask-distance-cleaning principles, students tried to adapt to face-to-face education during the epidemic period. Based on the concerns experienced by students in such an environment, this study aimed to develop a scale to determine students' attitudes towards face-to-face education in an epidemic environment.
For this purpose, a draft scale consisting of 30 items was created in the first stage. The KMO value of the scale was 0.884 and the sphericity test was found to be significant. As a result of EFA, a 3-factor, 15-item structure was obtained. The total variance for this structure was 64.133%, and factor loading values were between 0.833 and 0.620. The obtained model was verified with DFA, and GFI 0.935, IFI 0.957, TLI 0.947, CFI 0.957, RMSA 0.061 and NFI 0.932 were obtained. All of these values were within the acceptance range. Likewise, as a result of CFA, the factor loading values of the items were significant, and the AVE and CR values were within the acceptance range. Test-retest, item analysis based on lower-upper groups, item-total correlation test and Cronbach Alpha coefficients for the reliability of the scale were obtained in the acceptance range.


Abstract Probiotics are living microorganisms that exert scientifically proven health effects. The idea behind probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is to produce food or food supplements which, after ingestion, strengthen healthy intestinal microbiota, by either adding probiotic microorganisms, indigestible but fermentable prebiotic carbohydrates, or both constituents combined in synbiotics. This chapter offers a thorough review of evidence for uses of probiotics for a number of medical conditions: gastrointestinai disorders, Helicobacter eradication, lactose malabsorption and inflammatory bowel disease.


Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer in both men and women and has the highest mortality rate. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up most cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the clinical management of some NSCLC cases, yet many lung cancer patients still fail to respond to conventional immunotherapy. Therefore, more research is needed to characterize cellular pathways contribute to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance in NSCLC patients. Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a common feature of many cancer types, and metabolites are now known to modulate several functions inside cells such as signaling pathways and epigenetic control of gene expression. Therefore, targeting tumor metabolism may be able to combat NSCLC immunotherapy resistance. To identify potential metabolic pathways involved in the anti-tumor immune response, we employed a metabolic inhibitor-based drug screen in human NSCLC cell lines and tested for expression changes in a panel of known immune regulator genes. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-phagocytic surface protein cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) in lung cancer cells. In line with this, shRNA knockdown and overexpression of DHFR, decreased and increased CD24 RNA and protein levels, respectively. These results show that the metabolic enzyme DHFR is involved in CD24 gene expression. Cancer cells heavily rely on DHFR for enhanced nucleotide biosynthesis to facilitate rapid tumor growth, and DHFR inhibitors are already used in the clinic for cancer therapy. This study highlights a novel interaction between reprogrammed cancer metabolism and the anti-tumor immune response, with possible clinical implications for DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate in combination with conventional cancer immunotherapy agents.
 Citation Format: Austin Boese, Isabelle Young, Jihoon Kang, Courteney Malin, Jung Seok Hwang, Sumin Kang. Inhibition of DHFR modulates anti-tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2334.


A process for removing nitrogen containing contaminants from a feedstock comprising aromatic compounds substituted or unsubstituted mono- or polynuclear containing such contaminants, said process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting the feedstock in an adsorption zone with an adsorbent selective for the adsorption of said contaminants, said adsorbent comprising a molecular sieve having surface cavities with cross-sectional dimensions greater than 5.6 Angstroms and said adsorption zone being at a temperature of 25 to 125 and (b) removing said adsorption zone a treated feedstock which is substantially free of such contaminants.


Abstract The main goal of the Task 4 "Development of thermal diagnostics of buildings" of Strategic Research Project "Integrated System for Reducing Energy Consumption in the Maintenance of Buildings" was to develop new tools for thermal diagnostics of different types of buildings, including development of the rapid method of a cooling sources diagnostics. The paper presents a method for assessing the cooling sources based on on-site measurements. The cooling capacity of the cooling sources and the electric power consumed by the cooling sources were measured in two air-conditioned office buildings. The measurement results were used to calculate the cooling energy generated during the measurement period and the operational Energy Efficiency Ratio EERo of the chillers. Electric energy consumed in the measuring period by the auxiliary equipment of the cooling system, i.e.: coolant pumps and fan coil fans, was estimated. The possibility of significant reduction of the energy consumption for air conditioning in both buildings was indicated.


Grade diagnosis of human glioma based on fingerprint and artificial neural network Wenyu Peng, Shuo Chen, Dongsheng Kong, Xiaojie zhou, Xiaoyun Lu, and Chao Chang # Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China.


Research Article Purpose – Organizational silence is described as employees' remaining silent for various reasons in the institutions that they work. Organizational silence is one of the situations that affect the labour productivity in connection with employee productivity. The aim of this study is to specify the organizational silence perceptions of the employees in the General Directorate of Sports.


This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term
historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.


This guide collates resources provided by the library and library faculty to support the teaching of faculty and graduate assistants.


T Black Belt of Alabama, an irregular strip of land extending across the central part of the state, is approximately I7o miles long, east by west, and 2o miles wide, nprth by south. It is estimated that this area comprises about 2,j3~,ooo acres. The approximate elevation of-the Black Belt is 200 feet above sea level and the rainfall is approximately So inches, varying within the last 6, years from 35 to 75 inches. All of the soil types within the Black Belt proper are stiff heavy clays, ranging in reaction from strongly basic (pH 8.o) very acid (pH 4.~). Previous to the advent of the boll weevil in ~914, the Black Belt area was devoted almost exclusively to the production of cotton as a money crop, with small acreages in corn to supply the partial grain needs for work stock and food for the .labor. The heavy winter rainfall on these stiff clay soils prevented early planting of cotton and rushing the crop to maturity ahead of the boll weevil as was possible on lighter soils; thus, this territory suffered more from the advent of the cotton insect pest than did any other secti6n. As a result many acres that had previously been devoted to cotton were abandoned and were allowed to grow up in brush, sedge, and wire grass. While the Black Belt was still a cotton-producing area, Johnson grass had been introduced as a hay plant. This plant was so well adapted to the well-drained lime soils that it took over as land was abandoned for cotton production. The farmer found that he could cut and bale this crop, and sell it to other areas as a money crop. Jdhnson grass then became a very important source of income to many cotton farmers. However, as industries replaced horses and mules with other kinds of power, and as farmers increased their own production of hay under the cotton acreage reduction program, the hay producer's outlets became very limited. Therefore, it was necessary to find other uses for this land. To assist in developing a program for the utilization of the land, the Black Belt Substation was established'near Marion Junction, Ala., in ~93o. Considering the natural tendency of this area to grow grass and clover, the logical research program was to discover the means of stimulating growth of these, plants, and to build a livestock management system that would convert them into marketable products.


This thesis is about the marketing management of state enterprise Ceska posta. There is the theoretical description of the marketing management in the first part. The next part is focused on marketing strategies and the marketing mix. The last theoretical part contains the basic methods and techniques of the marketing research. The practical part contains the situation analysis of state enterprise Ceska posta. Then there are some information about instruments and techniques of the marketing management in state enterprise Ceska posta. The last part of this thesis is focused on the product research, which was done on basis of acquired results of SWOT analysis. It also contains the evaluation of the present marketing management of state enterprise Ceska posta and recommendation for improvement of marketing management.


Emotions affect many aspects of our daily lives including decision making, reasoning and physical wellbeing. Researchers have therefore addressed the detection of emotion from individuals' heart rate, skin conductance, pupil dilation, tone of voice, facial expression and electroencephalogram (EEG). This paper presents an algorithm for classifying positive and negative emotions from EEG. Unlike other algorithms that extract fuzzy rules from the data, the fuzzy rules used in this paper are obtained from emotion classification research reported in the literature and the classification output indicates both the type of emotion and its strength. The results show that the algorithm is more than 90 times faster than the widely used LIBSVM and the obtained average accuracy of 63.52 % is higher than previously reported using the same EEG dataset. This makes this algorithm attractive for real time emotion classification. In addition, the paper introduces a new oscillation feature computed from local minima and local maxima of the signal.


Vandetinib is a novel, selective dual inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Phase I studies have established that it is suitable for once-daily oral dosing at a dose of up to 300 mg. Vandetinib has been tested in multiple randomized controlled phase II clinical studies, which have established that this is a promising new targeted agent for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and which also support the potential role of vandetinib administered concurrently with chemotherapy. Further testing of its role in lung cancer is in ongoing.


Objective: To discuss the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods: five cases of CSP were analyzed retrospectively.Results: one case was hysterectomy,another were abdominal tumor resection,all patients were recovered.Conclusion: Abdominal tumor resection was the best treatment in the areas where follow-up visits were difficult.


ABSTRACT Higher education institutions have a unique opportunity to provide clinical training to future counselors while simultaneously serving underserved communities. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges encountered through the development of a multidisciplinary community mental health clinic, which aimed to serve members of the local community through a variety of services, while providing an interprofessional preparation experience for future counselors.


The implantation-induced damage suppression effect on 6H–SiC by simultaneous excimer laser irradiation during ion implantation (SLII) was demonstrated. A 308-nm XeCl excimer laser was used as the light source. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy indicated that SLII causes N atom diffusion in SiC. The damage suppression effect was evaluated by Rutherford backscattering channeling measurement. SLII proved to be effective for the suppression of implantation-induced damage in SiC. In the vicinity of the surface, SiC with almost no implantation-induced damage was obtained without postimplantation annealing.


The reconstruction work of scenic area is a very urgent and important work for national post-earthquake reconstruction planning, for the economic and social development of earthquake-damage area, and for national park itself. So it needs to make plan for post-earthquake reconstruction such as making post-earthquake reconstruction planning for each national park, setting up new national parks and scenic spots, developing new regional tour line, strengthening the management of disaster prevention, ensuring the sources of funding, making the time schedule for rehabilitation and reconstruction work of national park, and so on. Simultaneously, it needs to set necessary safeguards to guarantee that the post-earthquake reconstruction planning can be carried out perfectly.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job satisfaction, training and Perceived Organizational Support on Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hotel Employees in the City of Padang. This type of research is descriptive causative. This research was conducted in the city of Padang. While the time of the study was conducted in 2018. The population in this study were 4-star hotel contract employees in the city of Padang with a sample of 106 people taken by cluster random sampling. Data is processed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, training has a significant positive effect on service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support has a significant positive effect on service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior.Keywords : Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Job Satisfaction, Training, Perceived Organizational Support


The present scenario of education has a biggest drawback in the form of traditional and conventional method of teaching, and this problem has vital form in mathematics subject predominantly. To overcome and avoid this, some changes should be require in teachin g methodology, technique and by understanding the learning method, steps should be taken to make it rapider.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) with traditional method in term of mathematics o f class – IX.This paper will look into teacher"s beliefs about mathematics teaching and how these beliefs change with the use of CAI. This move is actually an effort to assimilate CAI in a mathematics course with the intention of changing the teacher"s beliefs and awareness about mathematics teaching.CAI is the use of a computer to provide instruction. It refers to the application of computer software to address student needs. CAI is a type of educational program designed to serve as a teaching tool. It can be immensely useful in providing individualized, repetitive or analogous practice to learner in problem solving exercise as well as activities for developing varieties of skills.


Research on organizational and inter‐organizational trust has become an important field in management and marketing literature, as it is perceived as a pivotal aspect of business transactions. However, clarifications are still needed on the issue of whom we trust; is the person whom we are trading with trusted, or the organization, or just the product‐quality? Not only has this question not been answered within this field of research, neither have cultural differences have been described to any great extent. Additionally, if the perceived factors important to establish trusting relationships may or may not be the same on the buyers and the sellers side in international business transaction in food chains. The primary objective of this research study therefore is to identify how well US exporters understand the elements of trust that establish strong relationships with EU importers. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to evaluate the importance of different trust elements in interviews conducted with US exporters and EU importers of fruits and vegetables. Results are compared, providing both a picture of the important facets of trust, as well as whether the partners understand the perspectives of the other partner.


Kingsolver, John M. 1988. Biosystematics of the genus Merobruchus of continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1744, 63 pp. A diagnosis of the genus Merobruchus is presented, including a key to species, synonymical names, geographical distribution, and host plant associations detailed for the 22 species now assigned to this genus for the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. The following seven of these species are new to science: chetumalae, cristoensis, iysilomae, politus, porphyreus, triacanthus, and xanthopygus. Pseudopachymerus steinbachi Pic is a NEW SYNONYM of Merobruchus pickeli (Pic) (NEW COMBINATION), and Pachymerus subuniformis Pic is a NEW SYNONYM of Merobruchus bicoloripes (Pic). Bruchus flexicaulis Schaeffer is shown to be an available name and is provisionally synonymized with Merobruchus major (Fall) (NEW SYNONYMY). Bruchus limpidus Sharp is synonymized with Merobruchus placidus (Horn) (NEW SYNONYMY). Illustrations of salient characters are provided for each species. All known host associations are with seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae, mostly in the genera Acacia, Lysiloma, and Pithecellobium. None of the species affect major agricultural crops, but they reduce the potential for regeneration of trees used for fuel, furniture, vegetable gums, tanbark, honey sources, and ornamental plantings. This is part of a series of studies on bruchid genera contributing to a comprehensive database for this important seedfeeding beetle family of North America. It provides scientific names for taxonomists and ecologists conducting studies in rangeland, pasture, and forest management in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America.


The feature of service intangibility is one of the most prominent, albeit controversial, problems in service marketing. Service providing firms have been trying to find ways to 'tangibilize' their ...


Microsatellite instability (MI) is a frequent occurrence in endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium (EC). Several genes known to contain mononucleotide short tracts in their coding sequences (TGF‐β RII, IGFIIR, BAX, hMSH6, and hMSH3) are likely targets for mutations in these tumors.


China Unbound: Evolving Perspectives on the Chinese Past, by Paul A. Cohen. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xii + 226 pp. £70.00 (hardcover), £18.99 (paperback). This book showcases Paul Cohen's personal engagement with China's modern history and his reflections on ways of knowing the past. Some of the eight chapters will be familiar to readers, others not. Half of the chapters are devoted to problems and developments in American-based historiography about China over the past half century, particularly regarding 19th and 20th century history. These essays touch on early concerns with the clash of cultures between "China" and "the West" and China's responses to the "Western impact". They run through the strengths and weaknesses of the author's own China-centered paradigm, and discuss recent works in comparative economic history, ethnic studies and transnational histories. Other essays deal with particular historical issues and incidents, and with associated problems of historical method including anthropological perspectives on history, the recovery of religious history as an autonomous field of historical inquiry, the 1949 divide in history and historiography, and the recurring leitmotif of "national humiliation" in modern China. The Introduction is a tour de force reflecting back over a career that spans almost five decades. Cohen traces an intellectual odyssey initially given direction by a school of history that focused on the historical encounter between "China" and "the West" over the 19th and 20th centuries, and which settled into contentious but ultimately arid arguments about tradition, modernization and imperialism. Cohen helped to reshape this historiographical terrain in the mid-1980s by planting an alternative paradigm of "China-centered history". Closer to the present, he acknowledges new directions in history which are de-centering China as an historical subject, and he reflects on their implications for his own historical sensibility that still hankers above all to "get inside China, to reconstruct Chinese history as far as possible as the Chinese themselves experienced it". In retrospect, Cohen's China-centered history is not wholly inconsistent with the model it has attempted to displace-the "Western Impact-Chinese Response" paradigm generally associated with John King Fairbank. Cohen's contribution, along with that of others, was to highlight the prospect that China's response was shaped as much by indigenous forces as it was by Western ones. At a time when "the West" was undergoing deconstruction in histories of Europe and America, "China" was nevertheless still pictured as a self-reconstituting subject, overcoming its destruction in the 19th century through revolutionary reconstruction in the 20th. China-centered history was anchored in an idea of China that was more stable than the subject itself may have merited. In defence of China-centered history, Cohen responds to a number of criticisms levelled against his work, including a view once current in China that the China-centered approach underestimates the impact of Europe, Japan and the US in China's modern history. Such critiques cannot be dismissed lightly by scholars who empathize with writing history "as the Chinese themselves experienced it". …


This study sought to know the role of kindergarten teachers in using the computer in the educational process, where the study community of all kindergarten schools are teachers in the capital Amman, and a questionnaire consisting of (10) items was relied upon and a random sample of 75 teachers was chosen in the schools of the capital, Amman. Data were extracted, results were monitored, tabulated, and entered into the computer, and statistical analyzes were performed using the (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) (SPSS). The T-test was used to test the hypothesis of the study. And to verify the stability of the distributed questionnaires, the internal consistency factor (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated, reaching (0.81), which is a value that can be considered acceptable for the purposes of the study. The study resulted in the following : There is a statistically significant relationship at the level of significance 05.0 between kindergarten teachers and the use of the computer in the educational process due to personal factors (age, educational qualification, years of experience) . The most important recommendations reached by the study : Holding training courses for teachers on the use of computers in the educational process, and educational institutions should make the computer subject a basic material for all disciplines to enable the teacher and the student to use it with high efficiency in the field of teaching and education and at all educational levels and to find educational computer programs to serve the educational process.


The issue of large scale land degradation in the agricultural areas of Australia has been taxing scientists, farmers and government agencies for the past 100 years. In Western Australia, friction was rife between scientific findings about the suitability of particular areas for agriculture and the desire of succeeding state governments to open up the landscape to development and consequent reaping of export dollars from the products of that development. As a result, large areas of land in the Wheatbelt were cleared of native vegetation and, after only a short period of time, the symptoms of farming marginal land became evident in the form of erosion, non-soaking soils, waterlogging and salinity.

This paper seeks to address the relationships between science, governance and the lay communities they serve. It proposes that science and government should become more cognisant of 'scientific' activities carried out by lay community members and that, in working together, they may find effective methods of alleviating the occurrence of dryland salinity.


The deterioration of ancient earthen monuments are highly related to the change in soil moisture content,so there is a practical need to find a way to measure accurately and easily the moisture content at heritage site.This paper reports the test results of soil water content measured by microwave drying method(MDM) compared with the standard method,the oven drying method(ODM),using soil samples including earthen monuments,saline soil and loess soil.The origin of test error by MDM is analyzed based on liquid limit test,plastic limit test,salt content test results.It has been found that the error of soil moisture content measured by MDM is increased with the increase in soil plasiticity compared with that measured by ODM;but the maximium error is restricted within 2%,satisfying the requrement of national code.Soil salt content is responsible for increasing the drying rate of the soil in MDM,but has no effect on the final masurement of soil moisture content.As a final conclusion,this research indicates that the MDM is a reliable method for soil moisture measurement in heritage conservation for its advantages of accuracy,speediness and convinence.


As one of the core parts in the semi-active-laser guidance system,the photoeletric position sensitive detectors can complete many functions such as photoelectric signal conversion, low noise preamplifting of multiplex -electricity signal and their impedance matches of latter amplifier circuit. The basic technical capabilities of photoeletric position sensitive detectors in the applications of the semi-active-laser guidance system were analyzed. According to the principle of semi-active-laser guidance and the demands of photoeletric position sensitive detectors at home and abroad, the methods how to improve the voltage response difference, reduce the SNR and shorten the response time,etc were proposed with the present performance index. At last, the trend of development was analyzed.


This study was designed to improve diagnosis and the effectiveness of surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome.By establishing the concept of veli palatine,popularizing a revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(Han-UPPP),the surgical complications were reduced.Effectiveness of surgical treatment was improved from 53.3% to 82.4% by locating the obstructive sites in patients with sleep apnea and standardizing the indications of upper airway surgery.Death in perioperative period was diminished.The concept of "structure,function and symptom" was established.And endoscopic management of nasal obstruction was pushed to improve nasal breathing in patients with sleep apnea.The technologies were popularized in 17 provinces and over 30 hospitals in china.The guideline of diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea in China was established.196 related articles were published,including 20 in journals of scientific citation index.Seven patents were granted.The normalized techniques and basic studies about obstructive sleep apnea were enhanced,which resulted in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment level in China.


Local autonomy has become an increasingly valued feature of local government in recent decades. Indeed, decentralization reforms implementing the provision of services closer to citizens have been a general trend. Nevertheless, there is little agreement on the definition of local autonomy and the way it can be operationalized and measured. The aim of this article is to draw upon decentralization and local government theories to propose a theoretically legitimized index of local autonomy that can be applied in a comparative perspective. The literature on the topic apprehends local autonomy either by sectorial approaches—legalistic, functional, organizational or political—or by combining similar dimensions in very different ways, without saying whether one is more important than the others. Having created and implemented a codebook of eleven indicators for thirty-nine European countries, the empirical findings, combined with theoretical considerations, lead us to suggest regrouping the indicators into seven constitutive dimensions of local autonomy. They highlight the fact that very different national local autonomy profiles exist among European countries. In addition, the local autonomy index, constructed by weighting the dimensions, shows significant disparities on either side of the continent.


The purpose of this paper is to clarify two problems of intrinsic value, namely, to reconsider what it is like to evaluate an object as carrying intrinsic value and to explore the possibility of discourses creating different approaches to such evaluation. The concept of intrinsic value was developed by J. Ruskin, who studied the political economy of art in 19 century Britain. His concept of intrinsic value is derived from the following observation: on the ceiling of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice, Tintoretto's pictures, which he regarded as one of the most precious among the riches in Europe, were left cracked and unrepaired, while the shops of the Rue Rivoli in Paris showed an increasing supply of lithographs representing modern cancan dances (Ruskin 1969: xvii–xviii). From this observation, he developed the belief that the value inherent in objects is the value of things that cannot be altered by man's opinion of them. Therefore, he contended that good and beautiful things could have positive effects on people, and bad and ugly ones adverse effects. At the same time, he emphasized the need to foster a capacity for acceptance in human beings because the values of objects would fail to create any effect unless they were appreciated. From this perspective, he delivered a criticism on the theory of economics of the time, which asserted that the purchase of things immediately increased their utility in accordance with the principle of exchange value. Ruskin's theory of intrinsic value is closely related to today's cultural economics, which has chiefly been advanced by Professor Ikegami and plays an important role in discussions of the local promotion and conservation of traditional culture. To give a brief outline of cultural economics in the context of present society with widespread mass production and consumption 'consumers' need for a raison d'être and cultivation of their individuality manifests itself as the desire for culture and art, while the demand for humanization of labor is increasing, allowing valuation instead of alienation of the laborer. The key concept in these two kinds of need is intrinsic value of goods and of producers; when consumers seek goods that have intrinsic value for the purpose of fulfilling their individual desires, producers create goods with intrinsic value through utilizing their know-how, which itself has intrinsic value in its own right. As a result, creative living and humanization of labor are realized, which contribute to social development. Thus the concept of intrinsic value plays a crucial role both in Ruskin's theory and in cultural economics. However, although it provides the possibilities of a paradigm shift in economics (Ikegami Intrinsic Constraint of "Intrinsic Value"


The constitutional settlement the Fifth Republic political, economic and social developments since 1958 president and government the civil service parliament and parliamentarians local government voters and voting systems the changing party system the role of interest groups the politics of immigration France and Europe a new French concensus?.


The three-dimensional (3D) information of buildings can describe the horizontal and vertical development of a city. The GaoFen-7 (GF-7) stereo-mapping satellite can provide multi-view and multi-spectral satellite images, which can clearly describe the fine spatial details within urban areas, while the feasibility of extracting building 3D information from GF-7 image remains understudied. This article establishes an automated method for extracting building footprints and height information from GF-7 satellite imagery. First, we propose a multi-stage attention U-Net (MSAU-Net) architecture for building footprint extraction from multi-spectral images. Then, we generate the point cloud from the multi-view image and construct normalized digital surface model (nDSM) to represent the height of off-terrain objects. Finally, the building height is extracted from the nDSM and combined with the results of building footprints to obtain building 3D information. We select Beijing as the study area to test the proposed method, and in order to verify the building extraction ability of MSAU-Net, we choose GF-7 self-annotated building dataset and a public dataset (WuHan University (WHU) Building Dataset) for model testing, while the accuracy is evaluated in detail through comparison with other models. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In terms of building footprint extraction, our method can achieve intersection-over-union indicators of 89.31% and 80.27% for the WHU Dataset and GF-7 self-annotated datasets, respectively; these values are higher than the results of other models. (2) The root mean square between the extracted building height and the reference building height is 5.41 m, and the mean absolute error is 3.39 m. In summary, our method could be useful for accurate and automatic 3D building information extraction from GF-7 satellite images, and have good application potential.


Dynamics of a linear electrical generator (LEG) for harvesting oceanic wave depends on the translator weight. Generally, the translator weight of a conventional LEG is very high owing to use of the conventional magnetic core with high mass density that results in poor dynamics. In this paper, an attempt of minimizing weight of the LEG is made by using Ferrite J material having low mass density. But it has poor magnetic saturation that results in a low amount of power generation. On the other hand, a high amount of electrical power is generated with the LEG by using electrical steel core because of its high saturation point. But the mass density of this core is high, which minimizes the dynamics due to its bulk weight. In addition, most of the high graded magnetic cores have the property of high mass density. To solve this dilemma, J material is used in the translator and electrical steel core is applied to the stator of the proposed LEG that produces enough electrical power while improving the dynamics. The simulation is executed by ANSYS/Maxwell software that uses finite element method. Based on the application of J material and electrical steel core, four combinations are found namely, LEG-I, LEG-2, LEG-3, and LEG-4. Various parameters are plotted and compared to find out the suitable one. From the simulation results and characterization, it is found that LEG-2 outperforms over the others, where combination of both Ferrite J material and electrical steel are used. The proposed LEG (LEG-2) generates 5, 841.6W more power than LEG-I for the same translator weight.


Connectivity and dispersal are important factors for ecosystem dynamics, conservation, and resource management. Dispersal and recruitment success are determined in early life for many marine species. For those larvae that are pelagic, transport from spawning to nursery grounds is driven by hydrodynamic processes. Other environmental factors such as temperature and biological factors such as ecophysiology, behavior, and reproductive strategy (spawning period and spawning grounds) influence the final dispersal pattern and larval survival. We utilized a Lagrangian particle tracking model coupled with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (Larvae&Co) to assess the connectivity patterns between spawning and nursery grounds of six commercially exploited flatfish species in the North Sea over a 10‐yr period (1997–2006). Standardized analyses have highlighted how spawning and nursery grounds are connected under the combined pressure of environment and life‐history traits. Results showed that the six flatfishes can be divided in two groups, each with their specific connectivity patterns. Turbot, common sole, and brill live in two subpopulations in the North Sea; common dab, European flounder, and European plaice represent a single mixed population. In general, the modeled and genetic patterns match, hence showing the strong impact of larval connectivity. The large overlap in connectivity for species that spawn during the same period and the seasonal change in hydrodynamics highlight the strong impact of a summer front in larval dispersal. Our results prove that individual‐based modeling is a powerful tool to guide resource management, even in cases of limited biological information.


The period from the sixties to the eighties in France was marked by the genesis and growth of mass culture and especially 'youth' culture. Was an encounter with school culture possible other than in competition and conflict? This article intends to study forms of this 'teen culture' and the way it has interfered within the school; the reticence and reluctance it has provoked within the school institutions. Lastly, the educational propositions that have been written and then put into practice by people who thought they could make one school out of these two.


Development of the pottery-making technology in Neolithic societies of different regions, or transition from aceramic to Ceramic Neolithic has always been an important topic of research for archaeologists. Needless to say, this innovation was associated with major social developments. Since the 1950s, a lot of discussion has evolved around the origins of Neolithic societies and their development (e.g. Vanden Berghe, 1951-1952: 54; 1953-1954; Fukai et al., 1973; Sumner, 1972; 1977; Maeda, 1986; Alizadeh, 2004; 2006; Nishiaki, 2010a,b; Azizi Kharanaghi et al., 2013; Weeks, 2006; 2013; Khanipour et al., 2021). Taking into account the rather long history of the Neolithic period studies in this site, there remain some unanswered questions. The most important of which is the problem of its chronology. The beginning of the Fars Neolithic period in Iran is not certain yet, the fact that how, when and from where the inhabitants of Neolithic populations entered Fars is not fully clear yet as well (Alizadeh, 2004: 75).


Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of an incompressible open square cavity flow are conducted. Features of the permanent (non-linear) regime together with the linear stability analysis of a two-dimensional steady base flow are discussed. Spanwise boundary conditions are periodic and control parameters set such that the shear layer is stable against Kelvin-Helmholtz modes. Three branches of destabilising modes are found. The most destabilising branch is associated with steady modes, over a finite range of spanwise wavenumbers. The two other branches provide unsteady modes. Features of each branches are recovered in the permanent regime: wavelength of the most powerful spanwise Fourier mode, swaying phenomenon, angular frequencies, indicating that modes of each branches are selected and interact in the permanent flow.


Burnup analyses using the VESTA code have been performed on a MOX-fuelled fast reactor model as specified by an IAEA computational benchmark. VESTA is a relatively new code that has been used for burnup credit calculations and thermal reactor models, but not typically for fast reactor applications. The detailed input and results of the IAEA benchmark provides an opportunity to gauge the use of VESTA in a fast reactor application. VESTA employs an ultra-fine multi-group binning approach that accelerates Monte Carlo burnup calculations. Using VESTA to compute the end of cycle (EOC) power fractions by enrichment zone showed agreement with the published values within 5%. When comparing the ultra-fine multi-group binning approach to the tally-based approach, EOC isotopic masses also agree within 5%. Using the ultra-fine multi-group binning approach, we obtain a wall-time speedup factor of 35 when compared to the tally-based approach for computing a k{sub eff} eigenvalue with burnup problem. The authors conclude the use of VESTA's ultra-fine multi-group binning approach with Monte Carlo transport performs accurate depletion calculations for this fast reactor benchmark. (authors)


The size of the yield depends on several biological, ecological, and technological factors. Biological factors, such as genotype, as well as environmental factors, such as the weather conditions of the growing season, are unregulated. In our research we were regard the question of the effect of bush shoot load on the realization of biological and managemental productivity of the grape varieties Granatovyi, Antaris and Alcor in the conditions of southern Russia. As a result of the study, the features of the growing season 2020 and their influence on the cluster structure, berry size and cluster weight were noted. A high percentage of fruiting shoots was noted at 100 000 and 140 000 shoots/ha in the variety Granatovyi (96.8 and 95.3 %), 140 000 shoots/ha in the varieties Antaris (83.3%) and Alcor (92.9 %). It has been revealed that increase in number of shoot load on bushes to 140 000 pcs/ha in the varieties Antaris and Alcor leads to higher yields without quality declining. While in the variety Granatovyi best yields without reducing the quality of grape were observed when the shoot load was 120 000 pcs/ha.


SUMMARY A nanoparticle-based system for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic cancers was developed. Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles allowed for magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) for several cancer types.


Patients with head and neck cancer experience complex posttreatment challenges. In a preliminary uncontrolled study, we evaluated the extent to which they can benefit from an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program.


ing the legislative session and traditionally the last bill handled by the lawmakers. Any Senate changes in the bill would have killed it since there must be agreement between the two houses on all bills passed or the Senate changes would raise the possibility of a special session. One reason for the sudden adjournment by the House was the belief among some representatives that the Senate would restore some funds for the higher education budgets and then adjourn, leaving the House with no alternative but to accept the omnibus bill.


Objective To investigate the accuracy and comparability of γ-glutamyltransferase (γ- GT) measurement results on human serum samples and controI materials before and after calibration with a common human serum calibrator.Methods A human serum calibrator was prepared by pooling fresh serum aliquots and assigning a value for γ-GT with the IFCC reference method.The calibrator together with 5 human serum samples and 10 control samples were sent to 15 clinical laboratories and the sermn and control samples were measured with different analytical systems before and after a calibration with the calibrator.The results were analyzed for biases and interlaboratory variations.Results For the serum samples,the calibration resulted in reductions in biases from -9.0%~-14.2% to -0.8%~-7.9%,and in interlaboratory variations from 6.9%~11.6% to 2.8%~4.4%.No improvement was observed on the control samples.Conclusions Accuracy and comparability of serum γ-GT measurements can be improved by using a common human serum calibrator.Some control materials may not be commutable for human serum in γ-GT measurements.


Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been marked as the main actors for all of the processes taking place in a cell and therefore great efforts have been made towards the understanding of their biological function. Today, new high- throughput technologies generate vast amounts of interaction data even with a limited number of experiments. The analysis of these data can lead to valuable conclusions about the cell organization such as protein complex detection, characterization of protein function, identification of protein pathways etc. Various techniques have been applied to analyze PPI data based on different strategies. Web interfaces that have been developed to host these methods consist of valuable tools which are often available to all users. In this review, we describe a collection of such web tools to analyze PPI data and more that are applicable to a wider range of problems. The functionality of each web tool is described as well as their compatibility with other resources. An overview of the technologies that are supported by such tools for their activities is also provided.


Several studies were conducted to examine the movement characteristics of a shield tunneling machine of the articulate type. The authors extended mathematical models derived from the previous study to the articulate-type machine, performing an experiment and analyzing operation data at tunneling sites. Furthermore, the control system of the machine was developed based on the model and parameters of the system were optimized.


The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of the main genotypes of haptoglobin and their association with lipid parameters in subjects with stroke. This is a prospective, analytical and case-control study. 46 stroke patients and 46 matched controls were included by sex and age ± 2 years. Genotyping of Hp was performed using standard PCR with Proflex System PCR (Biosystems, Spain) and lipid parameters were assayed using enzymatic techniques with the Cobas c311 system (Roche, Germany). The mean age of our patients was 63 ± 14 years and the sex ratio was 0.70. Ischemic stroke was predominant with a frequency of 60.87% against 30.43% for hemorrhagic stroke. Allelic distribution in patients showed a high frequency of the Hp2 allele (51.09%) compared to control subjects (26.61%) (p <0,0001). The Hp2-2 genotype was more found in stroke subjects (36.96%) than in controls (17.39%) with a p = 0.002. A combination of the Hp2-2 genotype and the increase in mean LDL-c (p = 0.02), Triglycerides (p <0.005) and a decrease in mean HDL-c (p = 0.007) were found. Our study shows that the Hp2-2 genotype would be a predisposing factor to ischemic stroke. Its association with lipid parameters is found and could be considered as an additional risk factor.


This paper presents a processing unit for tracking/estimating voltage-current phasor and frequency in power system based on New Adaptive Linear Combination Structure (ADALINE). The key idea of a processing unit is determine the coarse frequency and orthogonal coefficients. After that the frequency measurement and the orthogonal coefficients are fine tuned up to the new values by appropriately interact of the two feed back loops as show in Fig.1. The main algorithm properties are deduced by extensive using computer simulated. Transient and dynamic tests are provided to investigate. The algorithm showed a very high accuracy, robust, fast response and adaptability performance over a wide frequency range 10 to 2000 Hz with a good noise property. The error of the frequency, magnitude and phase angle measurement is nearly zero (1e-6) for steady state.


A method for numerical simulation of internal waves generation by discharges of small and rapid rivers flowing into a coastal sea is proposed. The method is based on PFEM-2 (Particle Finite Element Method, 2 version) and utilizes particles to simulate convection as well as transfer salinity. Main simplifying assumptions and the mathematical model are presented for this problem. The numerical scheme is split into predictor (particles motion) and corrector (finite element method solution) steps. The resulting method is expected to be efficient in terms of mesh fineness and length of simulation time.


We propose and demonstrate a memory-based computation architecture combining data summation and broadcast mechanisms using optical near-field interactions between quantum dots, which will allow high-density integration beyond the diffraction-limit of light.


Abstract Acylation of arylhydrazines gives acyl 2-arylhydrazides1 while acylation of alkylhydrazines yields either 1-alkyl or 2-alkylhydrazides depending on the choice of acylating agent. Earlier examples of the variability of acylation sites in the alkylhydrazines2,3 were systematically reinvestigated by Hinman4 and Moore5 who established that esters, with methylhydrazine, gave acyl 2-methylhydrazides while anhydrides yielded acyl 1-methyl-hydrazides.


Background— Extended elevations of non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) across a lifespan are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, optimal testing intervals to identify individuals with high lipid-related CVD risk are unknown. Objectives— We determined the extent to which lipid levels in young adulthood predict future lipid trajectories and associated long-term CVD risk. Methods— A sample of 2516 Framingham Offspring participants age 25–40 free of CVD and diabetes had their non-HDL-C progression modeled over 8 study examinations (mean follow-up 32.6 years) using group-based methods. CVD risk based on 25–30 years of follow up was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses for those with mean non-HDL-C≥160 mg/dl ("high") and <130 mg/dl ("low") at the first two examinations. Levels of non-HDL-C for participants on lipid treatment were adjusted by non-parametric algorithm. Results— Lipid levels trajectories were generally stable over the 30-year life-course; mean non-HDL-C measured in young adulthood were highly predictive of levels later in life. Individuals could be reliably assigned to high and low non-HDL-C groups based on two measurements collected between age 25–40. Overall, 80% of those with non-HDL-C≥160 mg/dl at the first two exams remained in the "high" group on subsequent 25-year testing whereas 88% of those with non-HDL-C <130 mg/dl remained below 160 mg/dl. Those with high non-HDL-C in young adulthood had a 22.6% risk of CVD in the next 25 years as compared with a 6.4% risk in those with low non-HDL-C. Conclusions— Most adults with elevated non-HDL-C early in life continue to have high non-HDL-C over their life course, leading to significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our results demonstrate that early lipid monitoring before age 40 would identify a majority of those with high likelihood for lifetime elevated lipid levels who also have a high long-term risk for CVD. This information could facilitate informed patient-provider discussion about the potential benefits of preventive lipid lowering efforts during the early midlife period. Abstract Extended elevations of non-HDL cholesterol during midlife are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, optimal testing intervals to identify individuals with high lipid-related CVD risk are unknown. We determined the extent to which lipid levels in young adulthood predict future lipid trajectories and associated long-term CVD risk using data from Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. We have shown that most adults with elevated non-HDL-C early in life continue to have high non-HDL-C over their midlives, leading to significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease during this period.


A novel fault-tolerant adaptive control methodology against the actuator faults is proposed. The actuator effectiveness factors (AEFs) are introduced to denote the healthy of actuator, and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is employed for online estimation of both the motion states and the AEFs of mobile robot. A square root version of the UKF is introduced to improve efficiency and numerical stability. Using the information from the UKF, the reconfigurable controller is designed automatically based on an enhancement inverse dynamic control (IDC) methodology. The experiment on a 3-DOF omni-directional mobile robot is performed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.


Here, we discuss essential milestones in developing and establishing method in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, we also outline most prominent breakthroughs and discoveries performed in diverse time, each of which brought mankind closer to emergence of the first successful results after applying IVF in human. In addition, we also consider a history of IVF introduced in Russia as well as current issues requiring to be solved in the nearest future.


© Copyright 2010. The author, Paul O'Leary, assigns to Paideusis the right of first publication and educational and non-profit institutions a non-exclusive license to use this document for personal use and in courses of instruction provided that the article is used in full and this copyright statement is reproduced. Any other usage is prohibited without the express permission of the author. An Engineer Well Lost


Are ethanol and biodiesel environmentally friendly ways to reduce emissions? Everyone acknowledges that they have damaging side effects, resulting in high food prices and deforestation. To deal with these, however, governments may be adopting policies that will make matters worse. These economists explain.


The distribution of RNA, total DNA and newly synthesized DNA within nucleoli-like structures in insect cells overexpressing v-myb oncogene was investigated. Three types of these structures which revealed interaction with anti-v-Myb oncoprotein antibody were found at the ultrastructural level. Specific staining by toluidine blue at pH 5.2 showed the presence of RNA in these nucleoli-like structures. To detect total DNA, the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-immunogold technique was used. In addition to an expected labeling of host condensed chromatin, the labeling of the three types of nucleoli-like structures differed from each other. While the compact (type I) and ring-shaped (type II) nucleoli-like structures were labeled only on their periphery and in the proximity of baculovirus particles that interacted with them, the structures with an appearance of nucleolonemas (type III) were labeled strongly. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, in spite of a poor labeling of newly synthesized DNA, confirmed these results. We suggest that the nucleoli-like structures of type I and II are of nucleolar origin. The type III more likely represents virogenic stroma or viral DNA storage site.


In 2020, during the 75th United Nations General Assembly, China proposed the goal of "achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060". The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is the largest carbon emission metropolitan area in China. Its energy consumption and carbon emission status means the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region shoulders the important task of low-carbon transformation. Only by achieving a "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" can the economy of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region be sustainable. Based on this, we analyzed and comprehensively evaluated the complete ability of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region to achieve carbon neutrality in 2008–2020, that is, carbon achievement ability, status, and intensity of energy consumption and carbon emissions based on the CRITIC weighting method. The results show that the energy consumption and carbon emission capacity of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region have basically formed a step difference. On this basis, the evaluation of carbon contribution capacity also shows that Hebei Province, as a weak link in the coordinated development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, bears the main responsibility of improving carbon contribution capacity and thus achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. This research study suggests that intra-regional cooperation should be strengthened to achieve coordinated development. At the end of the paper, policy suggestions for regional cooperation are given from four aspects: government, industry, low-carbon technology, and regional carbon sinks.


Milagro, a ground-level TeV gamma-ray telescope, is sensitive to solar energetic particles and Forbush decreases. Milagro sits in the Jemez mountains at an altitude of 2630 m in northern New Mexico and has detected and measured SEPs in GLEs. By measuring count rates due to secondary muons and electromagnetic showers, Milagro can be used to investigate SEPs and galactic-CR modulations. On 2003 October 29 Milagro registered a major Forbush decrease at various thresholds beyond 5 GV. The data reveal a Forbush decrease in at least three independent channels coinciding with the decrease registered at several neutron-monitor stations. Since the count rates are primarily those from secondary muons, significant barometric and diurnal corrections are necessary. A preliminary correction for these effects has been performed revealing a Forbush decrease greater than 10% at 5 GV. Different detection modes possess different energy thresholds. The analysis of some of these channels addresses the rigidity dependence of the decrease and subsequent recovery. We will present data and preliminary analyses of the Forbush decrease and recovery.


During the period of December 1 1998 to November 30 2001, two papers were published from work done during the previous period (see papers 1 and 2) and four papers (see papers 3,4,5, 6) and one book review (7) were published during the period of the award. The citations and their abstracts are provided.


And a display instruction word memory for storing display instruction for display of character memory and the character to the mobile terminal each store a character has a specific emotional expression. And the process of the portable terminal is a method for displaying a text message, select the display instruction words contained in the text message in the process and the analysis process to compare the strings of the text message upon receiving a text message with the display instruction words in the display instruction word memory and , it made by accessing the character image corresponding to the selected display instruction from the character memory as a process that appears with a text message.


The electronic current transformer (ECT) is a new kind of current transducer, which is used for electrical measurement and protection purpose. Its output signals defined by the relevant standard are different from those of traditional current transformers. In view of the fact that traditional CT calibration technique and devices can't meet the requirement of ECT calibration, According to IEC60044-8 and based on difference measurement method, an ECT calibration system and its circuits are discussed in this paper. The system operation principle and measurement errors are theoretically analyzed. By using a developed calibration system, the experimental results have verified the correctness of both theory analysis and calibration system operation.


Enamel corrosion is the main cause of degradation of the 15th-century enameled silver objects in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. High amounts of sodium and potassium oxides and low silica contents in the email en ronde bosse led to leaching of the monovalent network modifier ions and formation of white crystalline corrosion products on the surface of the enamel. The authors present and discuss the results obtained by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative energy dispersive analysis.


Both small and large amplitude propagating stalls have been observed experimentally and their characteristics distinguished. The characteristics of the small amplitude propagating stall are such that the phenomenon can be described well by linearized theory. The characteristics of the large amplitude stall (which is the propagating stall phenomenon generally found in compressors) are such that the linearized theory is not adequate to describe the stall.

The propagating stall speeds determined from the small amplitude propagating stall experiments are in good agreement with those predicted by a particular formulation of the linearized theory.


Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Vol ], No ] (Month), 2 progression into tension pneumothorax, and toward this end, lung sonography may have a significant role. The advantages of lung sonography include its dynamic nature being performed in real-time during tidal ventilation, which is in contrast to static imaging methods. The presence of visceral pleura moving against parietal pleura, or lung sliding, should be looked for. When air is present in the pleural cavity, it commonly is found in the nondependent parts of the thorax; therefore, in the supine patient, the anterior chest should be examined first when pneumothorax is suspected. This case highlights the importance of the prompt diagnosis of pneumothorax using lung sonography.


Introduction: Non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma is one of hematologic malignancy that responds to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy agent can cause oral complication such as oral mucositis, hemorrhage, xerostomia, hyposalivation and periodontitist. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical feature of the oral cavity in patients with non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma whose underwent chemotherapy Method: This study used an observational descriptive method. This type of research is observational descriptive. The study population was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma sufferers who were undergoing chemotherapy at the Hematology and Medical Oncology Outpatient Installation Division of Internal Medicine at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The study sample was taken by consecutive sampling method The numbers of samples in this study were 30 people according to predetermined criteria. Result: The result shows that all samples have abnormalities of the oral cavity that patients who have an abnormality are amounted to 20% and patients who have more than one kind of oral abnormalities amounted to 80%. An abnormality of the oral cavity that the most often found in this study is xerostomia with hyposalivation. Conclusion: Clinical feature of the oral cavity in patients with non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma whose underwent chemotherapy are abnormalities in the oral cavity, where the number of samples that experienced more than one type of oral cavity abnormality was greater when compared to the number of samples with a kind of abnormality. Oral cavity. Most of the samples studied had oral cavity abnormalities in the form of serostomia accompanied by hyposalivation.


A Green's function theory is applied to the description of luminescence and absorption spectra of low dimensional semiconductors. Progress in the numerical solution of the Bethe Salpeter equation for coupled band quantum wells with a T-matrix structure for the polarisation function and carrier-carrier dephasing is given within an approach that satisfy the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger sum rule and eliminates typical artifacts in computed optical spectra.


How is it that one of the most recent feminist volumes on Australian women(1) has its final, theoretical chapter written by a man?(2) Are we to assume that no Australian woman is capable of, or interested in, presenting a well-argued, clearly-written analysis of, or commentary upon, theories of gender? Is this an indication that women are still unable to provide `theory'? Are some Australian feminists confused, or have academic feminists once more lost touch with the relationship of their work to the politics and aims of the women's movement?Recent contributions to Australian feminist thought, Feminist Challenges: Social and Political Theory,(3) for example, illustrate the very high quality of theoretical work achieved by local scholars in both feminist and non-feminist analyses. Some of the essays in Australian Women: New Feminist Perspectives(4) also indicate the capacity of Australian women to provide `theory'. We must conclude then that a final theoretical chapter to Australian Women could have been readily supplied by an Australian female scholar. This being the case, the question arises as to whether or not the theoretical chapter is actually an example of feminist scholarship, no matter what the gender of the author. This is a matter I shall examine in more detail shortly.The problem of the relation of men to feminist scholarship is a topical one. All women and all feminist journals, meetings and conferences are increasingly faced with the need to discriminate between work which is simply `about women', and work which is both informed by a feminist critique and addressed to the political needs of women. It is, of course, possible to argue that non-feminist work `about women', can be very useful and that a feminist analysis need not address current political problems directly, but such a formulation of the feminist enterprise puts aside the concerns which first inspired the search for a feminist knowledge, the very bases of feminism itself. And if, as Bronwen Levy proposes,(5) the attempt to separate politics from academic analyses is part of the way in which radical criticism is co-opted by an academy which remains resolutely masculinist, then these questions have some urgency. The need to discriminate feminist from pseudo-feminist and non-feminist scholarship raises questions not only about the theoretical framework and political aims of feminist discourse, but also that of how to deal with the work of men, particularly those who attempt to confront the claims and aims of a feminist critique of knowledge.These matters are currently being discussed in Hecate. The book which sparked debate there and which brought the question not only of men and feminism but that of male feminists to the fore, was Feminist Literary Studies: An Introduction(6) by Ken Ruthven. Yet feminist concern over the role of male feminists arose much earlier. British lesbians have had extreme political difficulties in their relations with the gay men's movement(7) and have been forced to canvass the practical politics of male feminism at length. In France, Christine Delphy wrote pungently of the male friends of Women's Lib in 1977.(8) She wrote:They (male feminists) do not claim to be our allies for long, anyway...They soon abandon the carrot for the stick; `Take care', they say, `not to alienate those men who are well-disposed towards you'. But why should we be careful not to alienate men? Haven't they agreed woman's liberation depends upon women? Their warning reveals that our friends, who claim to believe we are the agents of our own revolution, are merely mouthing our words as a tactic. They do not believe a word of it. They think that the `support' of a minority of men is more important for women's liberation than raising the consciousness of the majority of women.We hope that the support of some men -- or rather, of some individuals who have abandoned the privileges of their position as men...will be useful from time to time. …


Overshooting top (OT), a proxy for deep convection with an intense updraft that can penetrate the tropopause, has an important influence on typhoon intensification. Using 9003 Himawari‐8 satellite images and a unique OT detection algorithm, the diurnal variation of OTs within 45 western North Pacific typhoons were analyzed. We examined the distribution of OTs in different types of typhoons in terms of both intensity and intensity change and the relationship between the OTs and typhoon intensification on a diurnal scale. Our results show that a greater OT density (OTD) occurs in strong typhoons and rapid intensification (RI) typhoons. Moreover, RI typhoons showed greater diurnal variation than non‐RI typhoons. The diurnal cycle of OTD in RI typhoons was in phase with the intensification of the typhoon, with the maximum in the early morning. Therefore, OTD can become a potentially effective indicator to estimate diurnal changes in typhoon intensity.


In mathematics and computer science, an optimization problem (OP) is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions. OP's can be divided into two categories depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete. An OP with discrete variables is known as a combinatorial optimization problem (COP). Over the last few years, the use of COP's has increased exponentially in many fields, marketing, industrial, security communications and aircraft problems. The aim of the research presented in this book is to investigate the use of various optimization exacts and heuristics to solve the COP's. In this book we interest in discussing three samples of COP's; machine scheduling problem (MSP), transposition cipher problem (TCP) and aircraft landing problem (ALP). For these study cases, we first discuss the mathematical modeling (single and multi-objective functions and the constraints) then different solving methods, like exact (Branch and Bound), heuristics, local search methods (Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and BA) and using Neural Networks. In this book we solve some practical examples obtained from some famous sits.


Abstract Twenty-four formulations of placebo tablets, made from eight excipients for direct compression and three disintegrants, were evaluated under various conditions of relative humidity. The data were evaluated statistically so that the formulations could be given a relative ranking on the basis of maximum hardness, minimum change of disintegration time, minimum moisture uptake, and minimum change in volume. The three preferred direct compression formulations in order of overall performance were: ( a ) dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate-starch USP, ( b ) lactose hydrous beadlets-direct compression starch, and ( c ) lactose anhydrous DTG-starch USP. Mannitol appears to be the best sugar for direct compression chewable tablet formulations.


Polyolefins are widely used in food packaging industry in which antioxidants are usually applied as additives,thus migration of antioxidants into foods is of great importance effecting food safety.By use of HPLC,we studied the migration of three antioxidants,BHT,Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168 into 100% ethanol under different temperatures.And comparison is made between experimental and numerical results.


For adhering the circuit component 17 to the circuit board 1, firstly, at least one of the preceding adhesive dots 14, in the contact area 2 is arranged between the circuit component 17 and the circuit board 1. Next, the adhesive dots 4, are arranged regularly. Finally, by pressing the circuit component 17 and the circuit board 1 together to integrate the adhesive dots 14.


A long talk with Harold (Rothermere) today. He has been seeing a good deal of Ll.-George lately and has been offered and has refused the post of First Lord of the Admiralty from which Walter Long is retiring.


This study aims to determine the effect of foreign debt, investment, exports on Indonesia's economic growth. The variables analyzed consisted of Foreign Debt, Foreign Investment, and Exports as independent variables while the dependent variable was Indonesia's economic growth variable. The analysis tool uses Multiple Regression with the Eviews 9.0 application. Based on the results of the analysis of foreign debt, it has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. Foreign investment has no positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. Meanwhile, the export variable has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth variable in Indonesia. Based on the results of the F test, simultaneous foreign investment and exports have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. Indonesia still cannot be separated from the need for foreign debt, it is better to use foreign debt to increase domestic production factors so as to provide a source of income and encourage foreign investors to invest and create a conducive climate for domestic investors because of the amount of investment in now very influential for the future and actively carrying out export activities according to research will make a positive contribution to GDP growth.


Gaffney and Stancic publish preliminary results of a regional studies project on the Dalmatian island of Hvar (4 km from the Croatian coast, 68-km long, and 15-km wide at most). A geographical information system (GIS) program was fundamental to the design of the Hvar project. Case studies from Hvar show how archaeologists can employ GIS. GIS facilitates the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and presentation of spatial data. Section 1 describes the methods of GIS and the equipment (including computer hardware and software) needed. Section 2 applies GIS techniques to problems of territorial boundary definition, the analysis of communication routes, and the relationship of archaeological sites to agricultural land within their economic territories. Five topics are discussed as examples of GIS applications in archaeology. GIS could be an invaluable tool for government archaeological services entrusted with managing archaeological heritage.


The aerodynamic noise sources around the three dimensional bump are studied. In this search, pressure fluctuation on the wall which effects interior noise is searched using ILES. The ratio of the bump diameter (D) and height (H) is D/H = 4. In front of the bump, the boundary layer thickness is half of the bump height. Reynolds number based on the bump height was 65000 and the free stream Mach number is 0.1. In flow boundary layer profile is given by using rescaling method and the laminar boundary layer is changed into turbulent boundary layer. Sixth-order-accurate compact scheme is used to represent spatial derivatives and six-order low pass spatial filtering procedure is utilized for removing numerical oscillations. First, instantaneous flow field is discussed. Second, characteristics of time average flow field, such as Cp distribution and stream line topology, are discussed. Third, spanwise velocity fluctuation and sound pressure level on the wall are discussed.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Severe plasma prekallikrein (PK) deficiency is an autosomal‐recessive defect characterized by isolated activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation. To date, no comprehensive methodologically firm analysis has investigated the diagnostic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of PK deficiency, and its prevalence remains unknown.


Sustainability of food self-sufficiency in the West Java Province experiences strong pressure along with increasing economic development, the process of urbanization, population growth and the effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to identify technological and socio-cultural factors that can threatening the sustainability of food self-sufficiency in West Java Province. This study uses multidimensional scaling analysis to assess the sustainability index and status and supported by a descriptive analysis of key factors that can provide inhibiting factors for the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. The results of the analysis describe that the ecological, economic and institutional aspects have sufficient influence on sustainability in food self-sufficiency, while the socio-cultural aspects and aspects of technology provide less sustainable effects in supporting the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. Factors in the use of certified seeds, area of paddy fields and irrigated rice fields, use of tools and machines for rice production and rice cropping indexes are key factors in technological aspects that can be a threat to the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. While the threat to the sustainability of food self-sufficiency in the socio-cultural aspects come from the factor of the number of workers in the food crops sub-sector, the pattern of consumption of carbohydrate food in the community and the distribution of rice. Governance of these key factors is key in developing sustainability of food self-sufficiency in West Java Province.


Catalytic upgrading of bio-oils formed in the pyrolysis of biomass represents a promising approach to the production of renewable fuels and platform chemicals. Development of fundamental information needed for commercialization of bio-oil upgrading requires analytical methods for characterization of complex mixtures. We report data characterizing the conversion of a prototypical bio-oil product, 2-butanone, catalyzed by the zeolite HZSM-5 at 300 °C and a quantitative analysis of the products by a multiple-detector gas chromatographic technique complemented by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. 2-Butanone was chosen as the reactant because it is converted into a wide range of compounds representing functional groups characteristic of products of bio-oil conversion; 140 products were identified. Among those in the liquid phase for which standards were available, linear (correlation coefficient R > 0.998) calibrations were obtained over concentration ranges typically found in bio-oil products. Results wer...


Editor—Like many others will have been, I was astonished at the assertion in Benjamin and Patel's leader that mortality from negative appendicectomy (1.5%) exceeded that of appendicectomy for acute appendicitis (0.2%).1 It is clear from reading their source document, that this is a seriously misleading statistic, the figure of 1.5% representing the mortality of comorbidity rather than that of the appendicectomy itself.2

In a study of all 805 deaths from appendicitis or appendicectomy in Scotland (population 5 million) over 10 years to 1963, mortality from appendicectomy for appendicitis was 0.62%, and that from negative appendicectomy was 0.06%. Seventy one of the 605 patients (11.7%) for whom clinical records could be studied had previously been treated non-operatively for suspected appendicitis, and 55 of them died from gangrenous or perforated appendicitis.3 For patients aged 12-29, in whom diagnostic difficulty is greatest, mortality from appendicectomy for appendicitis and for negative appendicectomy was 0.16% and 0.02%; the death rate from missed appendicitis—difficult to calculate exactly—was at least 0.04%.

Attempting to project these results to the then competing management strategies I described as conservative (operating on around 60% of patients admitted with possible appendicitis) and radical (operating on 80% of such admissions) for patients in the age group 12-29,4 I estimated that avoidable mortality (death from missed appendicitis plus that from negative appendicectomy) from the two approaches was virtually identical at 1.13 and 1.07 patients per 10 000 admissions—figures which then represented 0.6 avoidable deaths per year in Scotland. It is hard to believe that all the advances described by Benjamin and Patel since then can have done all that much to improve these statistics.

Two other observations are relevant.

Firstly, appendicectomy but not appendicitis runs in families.

Secondly, conservative surgeons become radical surgeons when dealing with medical and nursing colleagues and their families when they present with possible appendicitis. In this field at least, surgery—like general practice—combines the skills of a behavioural with those of a biomedical science.

Jones ends his review of the contemporary management of suspected acute appendicitis by saying that we can be sure that emphasis on technology at the expense of clinical evaluation will diminish, rather than improve, the quality of care for patients with acute abdominal pain—a truth that surely has much wider applications.5


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson Disease (PD) is performed on patients with medically intractable PD. Selection of patients requires a multidisciplinary team that includes a neurosurgeon trained in functional neurosurgery, a movement disorders neurologist, a neuropsychologist, psychiatrist and neurophysiologist. This is a very convenient criteria to identify DBS patient for PD.


The Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) system is a national digital library of ETDs in South Korea. Provides a comprehensive picture of how this system has been used during its first two years in service since June 1999. The system transaction logs were collected and analysed to reveal the usage patterns of the system. Results of the study indicate that the KISTI ETD system usage has seen a significant increase since its second year. While most users appear to be domestic users, the system also attracts users from many other countries, suggesting that the KISTI ETD system has become a part of the international networked digital library of theses and dissertations. It was also found that there are a very large number of one‐time visitors to the KISTI ETD system. Nevertheless, the system began to maintain a frequent user group in its second year in service. The usage statistics regarding system features and the characteristics of users' visits indicated that the search function was by far the most frequently used system function. Finally, discusses the implications of the findings.


During the past two decades, multilateral global health initiatives together with endemic-country efforts fueled a massive scale-up of malaria control interventions. Despite this remarkable expansion since 2000 and associated reductions inmalariamortality andmorbidity documented inmany countries, the rate of decrease in malaria morbidity and mortality slowed in recent years, and consequently the WHO Global Technical Strategy 2020 goals for morbidity and mortality were not met. According to the WHO World Malaria Report 2021, there were an additional 14 million malaria cases and 69,000 associated deaths in 2020 compared with 2019. Even though 21 countries achieved malaria elimination and more than 10 million malaria deaths were averted during the past two decades, malaria remains endemic in 87 countries, with approximately half the world's population still at risk. While COVID-19 shocked the world's health systems and affected malaria control campaigns worldwide, recent increases in malaria incidence and mortality are not entirely explained by COVID-related disruptions—approximately 30% of the additional malaria deaths were not attributable to disruptions of malaria diagnosis and treatment services resulting from COVID-19. Pandemic-related disruptions are certainly not the only threat to malaria control efforts. Other well-known, major threats to malaria control include emergence and spread of drug and insecticide resistance; emergence and spread of mutated parasites that evade detection by current rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs); and the effects of natural disasters, humanitarian crises, and political unrest. In addition, however, there are new and emerging threats. Extreme weather events, now being experienced more frequently, and rising ambient temperatures caused by climate change may have implications for both the transmission capacity of malaria vectors as well as their population distribution. Changing climatic patterns are also predicted to create both water shortages and flooding in vulnerable regions, which could affect mosquito breeding habitats. In some areas, man-mademodifications to the environment have increased the susceptibility of human populations to mosquito exposure or altered the mix of vector species in those environments. Although malaria risk is usually highest in rural settings, according to the WHO Strategic Advisory Group for malaria eradication, increasing urbanization will contribute to environmental changes that could affect the risk of malaria and the global eradication agenda. Indeed, the risk of malaria in urban areas is expected to increase because it is anticipated that 70% of the world's population will be living in cities by 2050, with 90% of this growth occurring in Asia and Africa. Environmental modifications in peri-urban areas and urban slums generating vector breeding habitats, adaptation of vectors to polluted waters, movement of infected individuals from outlying endemic areas, as well as the introduction and spread of vectors capable of breeding and sustaining transmission in urban settings are all expected to be contributory factors. All of these threats require investments in research to understand, predict, and control malaria now and in the future, if progress toward elimination and eventual eradication is to be restored and sustained. In 2010, in response to the call for improved global malaria control and elimination, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the U.S. NIH established the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) program. From the outset, the purpose of the program has been to conduct integrated multidisciplinary malaria research on the host, vector, and pathogen in different ecoepidemiological and transmission settings. Ten ICEMRs were established across all malaria-endemic continents, with each center conducting research in at least three distinct transmission settings (Figure 1). This approach was chosen to allow for the study of within-region heterogeneity and also to assess the generalizability of findings across different settings. The ICEMRs' multidisciplinary design has enabled the centers to conduct studies and test hypotheses ranging from clinical aspects of malaria at both the patient and population levels to basic science at the molecular level. Furthermore, the ICEMRs have been able to take advantage of a 7-year funding commitment. This extended duration has enabled them to collect long-time series data to studymalaria seasonality and capture the effects of control interventions. During the past decade, more than 1,000 peer-reviewed publications have acknowledged receiving ICEMR support. Selected important and illustrative findings are highlighted here. At one hyperendemic site in Uganda, where children experienced three to five clinical episodes of malaria per year, universal distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) alone had only a limited impact. At this same site, however, the addition of repeated rounds of indoor residual spraying (IRS) with effective insecticides resulted in almost complete elimination of episodes of clinical malaria after 5 years. Moreover, this site experienced a dramatic reduction in populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus, the main malaria vectors in the area. In other historically highly endemic sites in Uganda, when IRS was stopped after 5 years, within 10 months there was a 5-fold increase in the incidence of malaria; within 8 months after reinstating IRS, however, this increased incidence, however, dropped 5-fold within 8 months after reinstating IRS. Furthermore, molecular analysis of the parasites within infected individuals showed reductions in the multiplicity of infection over time, indicating fewer distinct parasite genotypes within *Address correspondence to Malla R. Rao, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: email@example.com


It has been done an experimental study of the use of two stacks 1 and 2 in a straight resonance tube of a thermoacoustic cooling system. We used a half-wavelength straight resonance tube at which the one end is closed by rigid plug and the other end is closed by a plastic diaphragm which can vibrate axially due to sound wave produced by a loudspeaker facing to it. The tube is PVC pipe and filled by free air at atmospheric pressure and has 112 cm of length so it gives a calculated operating frequency around 152 Hz. The stacks are parallel plates type, which have plates thickness of 0.3 mm, and the plates spacing of 0.85 mm which is around four times of the thermal penetration depth. The diameter of stack is the same as the inner diameter of the tube, i.e. 46 mm, while the length of stack is 100 mm. We varied the sound frequency in the range of 130 - 160 Hz, the input electric power of loudspeaker from 40 W until 160 W, and stacks center position in the range of 8 - 25 cm measured from each end of the tube, to investigate the their influences to the temperature decrease which can be achieved. It is found that the temperature decreases of the two cooling points 1 and 2 reached maximum at sound frequency of 147 Hz and when the two stacks were placed near to the ends of the tube. It is also found that a higher electric power tends to produce a larger temperature decrease. At 90 W of the input electric power, the maximum temperature decrease around 9.8 ↓C was obtained at cooling point 1 when the center of the stack 1 was placed at 80 mm from the rigid closed end of the tube.


With the rapid development and widespread application of microsatellites,its on-orbit propulsion technology has attracted much attention.This article focuses on the Laser-sustained pulsed plasma thruster, a new space micropropulsion technology.Start with prototype design and production, and test platform construction, then briefly analyze the principle and characteristics of the technology, and focus on the stability of the technology to carry out test analysis. In the test set up different test conditionssuch as laser ignition energy 22.6mJ, 112.2mJ, 222.4mJ, discharge voltage 2000V, 1500V, 1000V, etc.Evaluate the stability of the prototype from two aspects: quantitative (discharge current, generated element impulse) and qualitative (surface contamination degree of working fluid),and based on the evaluation results, analyze the reasons briefly and put forward suggestions for improvement.to provide a basis for future Laser-sustained pulsed plasma thruster technology research and development and improvement.


Devi Ismira Yuliandari. K2213017. IMPROVING STUDENTS' VOCABULARY MASTERY USING WHAT'S MISSING GAME (A Classroom Action Research at the First Grade of SMP Negeri 3 Sidoharjo in Academic Year 2016/2017). Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Eduaction Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. This research aims to: (1) investigate the conditions which should be met in order that WMG can be implemented effectively in improving students' vocabulary mastery and (2) identify to what extent WMG can improve students' vocabulary mastery and give positive classroom situation in class VII C of SMP Negeri 3 Sidoharjo in academic year 2016/2017. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). It was carried out at SMP Negeri 3 Sidoharjo in class VII C in academic year 2016/2017. It was conducted in two cycles, from April 10th 2017 until May 15th 2017. Each cycle consisted of: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data of research were collected through observation, interview, questionnaire, and test. The result of this research shows that: (1) there are some conditions which should be met in order to implement WMG effectively in improving students' vocabulary mastery in class VII C of SMP Negeri 3 Sidoharjo: (a) the game rules and procedure should be explained clearly, (b) there should be a reward for the game winner, (c) students should be given a pre-activity game which covers aspects of vocabulary, (d) in playing this game, students work in group, so the group members should be heterogeneous, and (e) the time allocation for the game should be understood; (2) by implementing WMG under the conditions, the students' vocabulary mastery got improved. The students' mean score in the pre-test was 43.65, and then it improved to 57.04 in the post-test 1 and 72.35 in the post-test 2. It also gave positive classroom situation. It could be seen from the fact that: (a) students were motivated in English learning, (b) students paid full attention to teacher's lecture and instruction, and (c) students focused on the lesson and participated actively in teaching learning process. Keywords: Vocabulary Mastery, What's Missing Game (WMG).