Recent computer experiments on liquid Mg and Bi (and also on dense hydrogen) have focussed anew on issues involving static and dynamical structure in plasmas. In Mg and Bi, under normal liquid metal conditions, separation of core and valence electrons is valuable both for thermodynamics and in interpreting diffraction experiments. Mg is considered in some detail as a specific example where there is weak electron-ion interaction. Finally, dynamical structure is considered. After a brief summary relating back to the electron-electron pair correlation contribution in X-ray scattering, attention is next focussed on the (longitudinal) viscosity of alkali metals via the Kubo formula. This viscosity is shown to be dominated by ion-ion interactions. Nevertheless, an intimate relation at the melting point is exposed between shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity, the latter two transport coefficients being dominated by electrons.


We test simultaneously auditors? perception regarding three ethical dilemmas when evaluating the going
concern status of a financially stressed firm: 1) the self-fulfilling prophecy, 2) their exposure to litigation
risk, and 3) their responsibility in providing warning signals to investors. Our results suggest that that
those auditors perceiving that the issuance of going concern audit report is a shield against lawsuits gave
more relevance to the disconfirming evidence. Similarity, auditors perceiving higher public responsibility
were also more sensitive to the disconfirming evidence. However, neither their perceptions about social
responsibility nor the litigation exposure implied higher doubts about client?s ability to continue in
existence or more qualified audit reports. In contrast, the fear to provoke a self-fulfilling prophecy
affected auditors? decision process, making more positive judgments in terms of client?s ability to
continue in existence, which, in turns, led to the issuance of less severe audit reports.


To confirm that the genes of the Japanese are more homozygous in terms of MHC than those of people in other countries, we evaluated the data concerning HLA antigens from the 11th HLA Conference and those from our own study. This study consisted of 4,166 Japanese and 7,717 non-Japanese who were examined for HLA antigens. The incidence of heterozygotes at all HLA class I and II loci in Japanese and in non-Japanese was 103% and 24.0%, respectively, whereas that of homozygotes was 40.5% and 27.5%, respectively. Our results led to the conclusion that Japanese individuals are more homozygous than foreigners, resulting in different incidences of both benign and malignant diseases, different responses to both medical and surgical therapy, and different immune responses to viral and bacterial infection. For that reason, social prevention and individualized therapy is important in Japanese medical care. Introduction Human leukocyte antigens (HLA), glycoproteins present on the surface membranes of nearly every cell in the body, are located on chromosome number six. They are found in high concentrations on the surfaces of white blood cells (i. e., leukocytes) and are the major histocompatibility antigens for tissue recognition. HLA antigens are very polymorphic. Their main function is to help the immune system defend against invaders such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and also cancers. The phenomenon of MHC restriction was first recognized by Doherty and Zinkernagel, who hypothesized that the great diversity of HLA class I and class II genes is maintained throughout infectious diseases (Doherty and Zinkernagel, 1975a; Correspondence to: Kyoji Ogoshi, MD, Ph. D. Professor, Department of Surgery, Tokai University, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193 Japan


Therapeutic groups for adolescents show the particular links between the belief and the primary security, which reemerge in "hic et nunc" of the group through transference (on the therapist and on the group). This belief is often expressed through religious metaphors that peak at the time of the group illusion with the notions of paradise, immortality (or of reincarnation), and of asexuality. Time is then denied and it reappears in its linear shape with the sexual re-differentiation and the conception of a homogenerational sexuality freed from the incestuous relationship.


1. Polyvalent combination vaccine comprising immunological agent effective for reducing the incidence of or reducing the severity of infection of porcine circovirus type 2, and at least one component of the immunogenic action, effective against a different organism that causes the disease in pigs. ! 2. Polyvalent combination vaccine of claim 1, wherein the immunological agent effective for reducing the incidence of or reducing the severity of an infection of porcine circovirus type 2 antigen is porcine circovirus type 2.! 3. The multivalent combination vaccine of claim 2, wherein the antigen of porcine circovirus type 2 antigen is inactivated porcine circovirus type 2, live modified or attenuated porcine circovirus type 2, a chimeric virus that comprises at least an immunogenic amino acid sequence circovirus pigs, type 2, or any other polypeptide or component that comprises at least an immunogenic amino acid sequence of porcine circovirus type 2.! 4. The multivalent combination vaccine of claim 2, wherein the porcine circovirus antigen, Type 2, is a protein encoded by a DNA sequence which is at least 80% identity with ORF2 of porcine circovirus type 2.! 5. The multivalent combination vaccine of claim 2, wherein the antigen of porcine circovirus type 2, a baculovirus expressed ORF2 antigen. ! 6. The multivalent combination vaccine of claim 2, wherein the antigen of porcine circovirus type 2, includes at least 4 ug ORF2 protein of porcine circovirus type 2, per dose. ! 7. Polyvalent


shopping are exemplary, I sympathise with Humphery's disenchantment over parts of the current intellectual terrain. Nevertheless, there remains ample space for theoretically even-handed, empirical accounts of consumption cultures, and this is where Shelf Life's contribution is best situated. While Shelf Life principally focuses on the emergence of the supermarket as a retail form, and the cultural aspects of retailing, the analysis contributes more broadly to accounts of consumption cultures. The originality of this work relates, in part, to the way in which Humphery approaches the problem of consumption. By choosing to focus on supermarket forms and retail cultures more generally, his is not the prototype account of consumer culture. The benefit of this grounded approach is that Humphery can bypass some ongoing sticking points related to the use of theoretical dichotomies and over-simple assumptions. This is in favour of interesting historical material, skilfully nuanced by Humphery in Parts I and II of the book into


... Dr. Lyon, a true scientist-patriot, was well recognized for his almost single-handed efforts over several decades to provide the United States with the world's first true "Arctic Submarine." He was a three-time recipient of the Distinguished Civilian Service Award (in 1955, 1956, and 1958) and received the Distinguished Federal Service Award from U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1962. ... [He also received many other awards in recognition for his service as scientist aboard submarine expeditions to Antarctica, the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, the Arctic Ocean, North Pole and Northwest Passage and as founder of the Submarine Research Laboratory.]


Playing a vital role in sustainable tourism, environmental interpretation is an effective tool for visitor management and tourism resource protection. The present study selected some famous academic journals in the field of tourism and reviewed the studies of environmental interpretation research. Findings indicated that in the past decade, environmental interpretation research mainly focused on characteristics of effective personal interpretation and interpretive programs as well as interpretation outcomes. Most studies adopted quantitative methods and data were collected via questionnaire surveys and interviews. Countries like America, Australia, Canada, New Zealand etc. attached importance to interpretation research and the settings involved in the research were mainly national parks, outdoor recreation and entertainment settings, wild life reserves and nature-based settings etc. It was found that interpretation studies gradually shift to visitors' affective outcomes. The author of this study holds that future interpretation research should base empirical studies on appropriate theories and scientific measurement tools. In addition, interpretation at cultural heritage settings should be taken into consideration. Keywords—environmental interpretation; interpretation outcome; interpretive program; knowledge gain; behavioral intention


bubble or smoke techniques have demonstrated the presence of the dynamic-stall vortex for a wide range of test conditions. 4 A dynamic stall facility offering a unique new capability for However, water tunnel visualization cannot address the question studies of compressibility effects on dynamic stall is described, of compressibility effects; smoke-flow visualization becomes This facility features complete visual access by mounting the test very difficult to use in flows where M, > 0.1. Smoke airfoil between optical-quality glass windows which are rotated becomes highly diffused in rapidly changing flow fields, thus in unison to produce the oscillating airfoil motion associated masking many of the important flow-field conditions, and with helicopter rotor dynamic stall. By using the density gra-making photography very difficult. It is therefore clear that the dients associated with the rapidly changing dynamic stall flow key to understanding the effect of compressibility on dynamic field, this facility permits simultaneous detailed investigat -in of stall lies in the ability to visualize these complex flow the flow on the surface as well as in the flow field surrounding interactions. airfoils experiencing dynamic stall.


Nickel free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel design calls for proper choice of alloying constituents that enhances nitrogen solubility and retention of the same after alloying. The nitrogen alloyed should be adequate enough to give a single phase austenitic matrix along with other alloying elemental constituents. The various studies that evaluated these aspects show certain inconsistencies. Certain empirical formulations have been evolved in this study by analyzing all various published data. The formulae obtained, enables choice of alloying elemental composition to get desired microstructure and strength in the solution annealed condition. The various inadequacies that exists in the data used for assessing nitrogen solubility calls for caution when they are applied to actual nitrogen steel production process conditions.


Colliding autocatalytic wave-fronts of self-assembling organosilane (OS) layers are generated through the controlled positioning of sources of the volatile OS material at the edges of a silica wafer and through adjustment of the container dimensions in which the wafer sources are placed. The concentration profiles and molecular orientation of the OS colliding wave-fronts are assessed by means of combinatorial near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. For systems involving self-assembly wave-fronts developing from the same OS precursor molecule, the shapes of interfacial region arising from front collision are centro-symmetrical and slowly 'heal' to form a uniform OS layer. In contrast, heterogeneous systems, involving OS molecules having different chemistries exhibit different rates of advance and highly non-symmetrical concentration profiles after front collision. We discuss the general nature of our OS colliding front data in terms of a mean field model of colliding reaction–diffusion fronts that generalizes a model introduced before for describing single OS front propagation.


The original field-development program called for predrilling and batch setting casting to isolate wellbore intervals containing shallow, abnormally pressured sands. These sands were to be drilled through before tension-leg-platform installation to minimize project capital risk. The shallow drilling program required testing each 30 in.-casing shoe to ensure pressure integrity. If the casing-shoe integrity is compromised during drilling operations, the shallow zones could be fractured into a shallow flow sand, causing major damage to other well slots.


: Post combustion CO 2 capture is still a rather energy intense, and therefore expensive, process. Much of the current research for reducing the process energy requirements is focused on the regeneration section. A good description of the vapor liquid equilibrium of the solvent is necessary for the accurate representation of the process. 3 ‐ (Diethylamino) ‐ 1,2 ‐ propanediol (DEA ‐ 12 ‐ PD) and 1 ‐ (2 ‐ hydroxyethyl)piperidine (12 ‐ HEPP) have been proposed as potential components in solvent blends for the membrane contactor. However, there are few available experimental data for these two tertiary amines making difficult to accurate simulate such process. In this work, we provide experimental data on the pure component saturation pressure (383 to 443 K) and on VLE of aqueous solutions of these amines (313 to 373 K) in order to fill part of the data gap. The data were used to estimate model parameters used to represent the data. The saturation pressure was modeled using the Antoine equation and the deviation is calculated lower than 2%. The NRTL model was used in this work to calculate the activity coefficients in the aqueous systems. The deviations in pressure for the aqueous systems were lower than 5% in both systems.


Mass media has long been thought to have a detrimental effect on an adolescent's values and behaviors. Many social ills including violence, misogyny and negative health behaviors, as well as egoistic cultural values have been attributed to mass media's influence. Yet the media is not all powerful, nor are its powers unable to be combated. In this manuscript, I analyze the Educational Longitudinal Study data from 2002 to 2006 to determine the real effects mass media has on adolescents in comparison to other influences. I find that not all media is equal in influence. Television and video games have different relationships with a teenager's values and behaviors in comparison to internet use. Additionally, I find that when parents are involved with their children as significant others, they do not negate, but can typically counteract many negative effects of media. INDEX WORDS: Media, Mass Media, Adolescents, Teenagers, Television, Video games, Internet, Values, Behaviors, High school, Social psychology, Reflected appraisals, Significant others, Altruism, Egoism, Parent, Parental involvement MASS MEDIA'S RELATIONSHIP WITH ADOLESCENTS' VALUES AND BEHAVIORS: A THEORY OF MEDIATED VALUEFLECTION


The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has conducted a study that demonstrates a direct relationship between roof strength and injury risk reduction in rollover crashes (Brumbelow et al., 2008). We included this study in our previous comment to the docket (IIHS, 2008) because of its relevance to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) rulemaking under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 216.


By embedding graphene sheet in the silicon waveguide, the overall effective mode index displays unexpected symmetry and the electrorefraction effect has been significantly enhanced near the epsilon-near-zero point. An eight-layer graphene embedded Mach-Zehnder Modulator has been theoretically demonstrated with the advantage of ultracompact footprint (4 × 2 μm2), high modulation efficiency (1.316 V·μm), ultrafast modulation speed, and large extinction ratio. Our results may promote various on-chip active components, boosting the utilization of graphene in optical applications.


This research aims to determine if the current protocols on International and Domestic airline carriers regarding persons traveling against their will can lead to the identification and intervention for victims of human trafficking. The research will consist of a literary study on the relevant discourse relating to human trafficking, an analysis of the current human trafficking training modules readily available, in addition to a survey component, to include insight from individuals currently working in the field of airline transportation. The results of this research will lead to a more thorough understanding of how airline carriers are currently handling situations of human trafficking, and how these methods or trainings can be improved for identifying potential victims of human trafficking on flights.


Background: Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound clearly depict the information about placental resistance and the changes in the fetal hemodynamics in response to it. The aim of this work was to assess the role of cerebroplacental ratio and cerebrouterine ratio in prediction of neonatal outcome in preeclamptic women.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 110 pre eclamptic women. Patients were divided into two groups: Preeclampsia with severe (n=58) and preeclampsia (n=52). All patients were subjected to laboratory testing (complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile, liver and kidney function tests, 24 hours urine sample collection) and ultrasonographic scanning trans - abdominal sonographic examinations.
Results: The cut off value of CP ratio was 1.09 with sensitivity 84%, specificity 89%, PPV (positive predictive value) 94%, NPV (negative predictive value) 73% and accuracy 85% while the study cut off value of CU ratio was 1.3 with sensitivity 97%, specificity 93%, PPV 95%, NPV 95% and accuracy 95%. UTA, UMBA, MCA, CP and CU were significantly higher in Preeclampsia with severe than Preeclampsia (P value <0.05).
Conclusions: Most of unfavourable neonatal outcome associated with abnormal cerebroplacental and cerebrouterine ratio so cerebroplacental and cerebrouterine ratio were complementary to each other in predicting the adverse neonatal outcomes.


Supersensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursors and agonists after destruction of central 5-HT nerve terminals, but not after chronic 5-HT depletion by synthesis inhibition, has been reported by Trulson, Eubanks & Jacobs (1976a) and Trulson, Ross & Jacobs (1976b) using rats. This is unlike findings with the central dopamine system, in which both chronic depletion of dopamine following inhibition of its synthesis and nerve terminal destruction, produce supersensitivity (Dominic & Moore, 1969; Thornburg & Moore, 1973). Chronic receptor blockade also produced supersensitivity in the central dopamine system (Klawans & Rubovits, 1972; Tarsy & Baldessarini, 1974). In an attempt to parallel these latter two studies, we have tested the effects of chronic 5-HT receptor blockade on the behavioural response to L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) as an additional probe into the nature of the mechanisms mediating supersensitivity in these two systems. A behavioural syndrome that specifically reflects the activity in central 5-HT mediated synapses (Jacobs, 1976) was used to test for supersensitivity to L-~-HTP. Behavioural observations were made with the rats placed individually in round plastic buckets (20 cm high x 35 crn in diameter) with metal screen lids and sawdust covering the floor. After L-~-HTP administration, the rats were examined for the presence of the following signs: resting tremor (especially of the head and forelimbs); rigidity or hypertonicity (evaluated by grasping the rat around the body and by flexing the hindlimbs); hindlimb abduction (a splaying out of the hindlimbs); Straub tail; lateral head weaving (slow side-to-side movements of the head); and reciprocal forepaw treading (rhythmic dorsoventral movements of the forelimbs). If at least four of these six signs were present, the syndrome was rated "present". Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) received daily subcutaneous injections of methysergide maleate (1 or 10mg kg-l day-l) or saline for 14 consecutive days. Subgroups were then administered L-~-HTP (125, 150, 175 or 200mg kg-l), at 24 or 72 h after the last injection of rnethysergide. The presence or absence of the behavioural syndrome was then scored during the hour following L-~-HTP injection. ED50 values were estimated by probit analysis (Bliss, 1952). The statistical significance between control and experimental groups was evaluated using Student's t-tests. That the 10mg kg-l dose of methysergide was effective in blocking the behavioural effects studied in the present work was reported by Jacobs (1974).


Writing in BBC Music Magazine in July 1999, editor Helen Wallace remarked on the rapid decline in space allocated to classical music criticism in British newspapers, notably in The Times, The Independent, The Guardian and Financial Times, all of which had previously provided extensive, important coverage. 'Concert reports provide the very oxygen needed to keep a flourishing musical scene alive', she noted, and '[if] an event is ignored, it is as if it did not exist.' However, she perceived a 'ray of hope' in the internet, which 'has no space restriction: maybe the dawn of a new era is nigh...' Twenty years later, Wallace's comments seem prescient. Newspapers operate regularly updated websites as a matter of course now, and many of them offer additional content that is not made available in print editions. Online content has helped to sustain the viability of newspapers in the digital age, capitalizing on the tantalising opportunity to report news – and post reviews – instantly. There has also been a proliferation of e-zines devoted to music criticism, starting with titles such as Seen and Heard and Classical Source, allowing amateur enthusiasts to fill the gap left by shrinking column inches by providing reviews of a much wider range of events, such as complete coverage of the BBC Proms by Classical Source; the success of these ventures has led to other sites such as The Arts Desk, whose reviews are written mainly by professional journalists. Yet Wallace's prediction for the future missed one crucial and unexpected component: the advent of Facebook and, particularly, Twitter has taken criticism out of its privileged domain as a specialist activity and enabled the general public to give individual responses to performances based on personal experience rather than perceived qualification. This chapter examines this shift from the primacy of professional music critics in the twentieth century to the impact of


Regular concave surface profiles are adopted for many friction surfaces, but the surfaces are seldom studied using lubrication theory. The mechanism for how the oil lubrication is affected by the regular concave surface profiles is studied by analyzing the lubrication equations for a regular concave surface. The lubrication calculation is used to develop a scheme for regular depth optimization. The effects of other regular concave factors and the lubrication boundary conditions are also discussed. Different regular concave surface profiles manufactured by a laser processor were tested on three pin and ring testers. The theoretical results agree reasonably well with the tests.


Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is utilized in both human and equine medicine to improve muscle quality and function. When stimulation parameters of these two published applications are compared, differences are evident. The main use of FES for human spinal cord injury (SCI) patients is to assist in standing, walking and sitting activities, reduce muscle atrophy and/or spasms and to improve blood flow in the paralyzed muscle. One primary limiting factor in the successful progress of the patient is early onset fatigue, as well as asymmetry in movement. The main use of FES for horses is to improve muscle symmetry, reduce muscle spasms and atrophy as well as reeducate muscle memory with progressively stronger muscle contractions. One primary limiting factor is the slow speed of the muscle contractions, which does not mimic equine performance. The transfer of horse FES parameters to human SCI physical therapy protocols may be of assistance to: 1. Improve spinal and limb symmetry while also assisting in reducing the frequency of muscle atrophy and spasms; 2. Elicit progressively stronger muscular contractions to induce functional movements of associated joints to improve endurance. The transfer of human FES parameters to horse injury rehabilitation and performance enhancement may be of assistance to: 1. Quicken the reaction time of muscle contractions; 2. Improve the speed of muscle contractions over time.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining a composite material includes the influence on a mixture of a carbon-containing material, filler and sulphur-containing compound by a pressure of 0.1-20 GPa and a temperature of 600-2000°C. As the sulphur-containing compound applied is carbon bisulphide, a compound from the mercaptan group or a product of its interaction with elementary sulphur. As the carbon-containing material applied is molecular fullerene C60 or fullerene-containing soot. As the filler applied are carbon fibres, or diamond, or nitrides, or carbides, or borides, or oxides in the quantity from 1 to 99 wt % of the weight of the carbon-containing material. EFFECT: obtained composite material can be applied for manufacturing products with the characteristic size of 1-100 cm and is characterised by high strength, low density, solidity not less than 10 GPa and high heat resistance in the air. 11 cl, 3 dwg, 11 ex


The laser surgical treatment of carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract has become an established treatment modality at many otolaryngology departments throughout the laser years. The oncologic results that can be achieved with this surgical technique are quite as good as the results that can be achieved by conventional surgery, the functional results on the other hand often seem to be superior to conventional surgery. The Nd:YAG laser has so far rarely been used as a cutting device in the head and neck region. The fibertom mode is a new technique, which has been developed to make the employment of the Nd:YAG laser as a laser scalpel feasible. Between December 1995 and May 1997 thirty-five patients with squamous cell carinomas of the oral cavity were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Kiel with the Nd:YAG laser in fibertom mode (30 - 50 Watt, cw-mode, 600 m bare fiber). The operative approach, intra- and postoperative complications, duration of the operation and of the healing process, as well as functional and oncologic results were documented and compared to the retrospectively raised data of a group of patients (n equals 25), that was treated by CO2 laser surgery. When working with the Nd:YAG laser in fibertom mode fewer hemorrhages during the actual dissection could be observed as opposed to dissection with the CO2 laser. By laser dissection with the Nd:YAG laser in fibertom mode the operation had to be interrupted to a much lesser extent for bipolar cautery, thus resulting in a reduced operation time. Until a complete reepithelialization of the laser wound was achieved an interval of 3 - 4 weeks went by. Following Nd:YAG laser excision the healing process was 7 - 10 days delayed when compared to CO2 laser surgery. The functional and oncologic results were quite satisfactory in both groups and no major difference between the two laser systems could be observed. The fibertom mode renders the use of the Nd:YAG laser for the excision of tumors in highly vascularized regions like e.g. the tongue, the floor of the mouth and the oropharynx. The functional and oncologic results which were achieved with this method in the treatment of carcinomas of the tongue are so convincing that the CO2 laser has been replaced in our department by the Nd:YAG laser for the indications mentioned above. Tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx on the other hand remain to stay a domain of CO2 laser surgery.


@<stradiol, testosterone, androstenediol, aiidrostc~iiedione, tlehydro-iso-aiiilrosteroiie aiid pregnant mare's serum (PJIS) inhibit lactation in aornial but not in ovaricetomized rats (Rarsantiiii and Massoii, '47). Since these hormoiics are stroiigly luteotropie, it has beeu suggestcd that some reliitionshil> exists between the pregnancy type corpora lutea fornied under the influcnce of the treatment and the inliil~ition of lactation (RIasson arid Barsantini, '48). Many obscrvatioiis ( reviewed by Rarsantiiii aiid Massoii, '47) liare clearly demonstrated that the active corpus lutcuni pi*events the onset of lactation. Siiicc corpora lutea are normally present during lactation, it may be assumed that tlie latter are pliysiologicallp cliff'ercnt from those produced by the steroids o r by PXIS or those prescn t during prcgiiaiicy. Although progesterone is secreted by large corpora lutea as indicated by the formation of deciduomata (Fluhmann and Laqueur, '42) it caiinot he considered rcsponsible for inhibition of Iactation since large doses do not iriflueiice lactation iii noriiial ra ts (Folley a i d lion, '38 ; Rawsantirii aiid Masson, '47). Recent Iiistologic studies of tlie uterus from lactating


In this paper some reflections are made on what is the educational model proposed by the LOGSE (General Law of the Educational System) in relation to education on values and crossthemes, and the role the teacher should play to organize teaching and learning strategies which allow the student to learn values. Teacher's limitations and possibilities to implement the teaching on values are described.


Objective To analysis and evaluate of combined application of mechanical ventilation with propofol in the treatment of severe asthma with respect to clinical efficacy,and effects of combination treatment to explore the corresponding nursing measures.Methods From 2008 October to 2010 December,a total of 54 cases of severe asthma children treated with combination of propofol and mechanical ventilation,Comparison of blood gas indexes before and after treatment,and to formulate the corresponding nursing measures.Results After 0.5 h,1 h and 2 h,the PaO2,SaO2 and PaCO2 index are significant difference(P 0.05).All children in 7 days are removed from the ventilator and released.Conclusion In the treatment of acute severe asthma in children,nursing personnel should do psychological nursing and airway management,eliminate their fear and loneliness,pay attention to ventilation index monitoring,ensure the accuracy of analysis.


Introduction Eugen Bleuler (1857 – 1939) the famous swiss psychiatrist, who coined the term "schizophrenia" considered paediatric delirium (PD) to be unimportant because children get delirious so easily and so often [1]. Nowadays, opinions have changed. Therefore the aim of this paper is to present the key issues regarding PD anno 2010 and to address questions for further research. Delirium in adults is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder. It is considered a sign of acute brain dysfunction leading to end-organ failure. The Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DsM-IV) characterizes delirium by four features: (i) disturbance of consciousness with inattention, (ii) change in cognition or disorder of perception, (iii) acute onset and fluctuating course, and (iv) pathophysiological cause [2]. The prevalence in a general hospital is 10–30%, rising to more than 50% in an intensive care unit (ICU), and around 80% in the terminally ill [3]. Research in adults indicates that delirium is associated with a worse functional outcome, longer hospital stay and higher mortality rates [3,4]. Taking this into consideration, systematic monitoring for delirium and appropriate treatment with haloperidol in critically ill adult patients were included in the 2002 clinical practice guidelines for sedatives and analgesia of the society of Critical Care Medicine [5]. In oncological and geriatric patients, delirium is often the single most important predictor of imminent death [3]. It is therefore vitally important to assess all critically ill patients on not five, but six basic signs: pulse rate, temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pain and mental status [6]. Perhaps the most important step in delirium management is early recognition. After all, if delirium is not diagnosed, it is unlikely that any effort will be made to reverse it. Once delirium is detected, the first aim is to identify the underlying aetiology. Often this can be achieved by a systematic assessment of the presence of known risk factors, and every adult ICU patient has at least 13 separate risk factors for delirium (oral communication Wes Ely, Helsinki, 2008). so minimization and/or elimination of predisposing and precipitating factors are the main strategy in treating and preventing delirium. Therefore, management should focus on improving the patient's cognitive and emotional status and reducing the risk of adverse outcomes such as aspiration, prolonged immobility, increased length of acute care, institutionalization and death. Despite the high incidence of delirium, medical staff have difficulties in diagnosing delirium. In 2008, Cheung and colleagues concluded that Canadian intensive care unit (ICU) intensivists diagnosed delirium merely upon the presence or absence of an obvious medical aetiology [7]. In a recent editorial regarding paediatric delirium in ICUs, the issue of diagnosing PD was referred to as "the big challenge" [8]. Diagnosing delirium in an ICU is difficult due to the presence of critical illness, high levels of sedation and frequently mechanical ventilation, all of which complicate mental state assessment.


This study examined the validity and reliability of translated scales to measure physical activity (PA) related self-efficacy, self-regulations and social support in Hong Kong Chinese working adults. 230 subjects, aged 19-63 years) were recruited by convenient sampling. To assess validity of the scales, both factorial validity and criterion validity were evaluated. The factorial validity was conducted by Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) while criterion validity was assessed by correlating measured constructs with self-reported physical activity. Cronbach's alaph was computed to evaluate internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient was evaluated to check scales test-retest reliability. The CFA results supported the one-factor structure of the scales. All physical activity correlates were significant (p < 0.01) associated with self-reported physical activity. All the scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The result provides psychometric support for using the Chinese version of scales to measure PA correlates among Hong Kong working adults.


The Court Innovation Context A departure from the traditional approach to judicial system administration, the state courts increasingly require agility, stakeholder collaboration and creativity to meet the changing needs and expectations of their constituents. While budget cuts have subsided in recent years,1 demands on tight resources continue. Changing population dynamics (e.g., influx of unaccompanied minors and increases in geriatric populations) also bring new challenges to the courts2 along with increased expectations around technology and desire to use technology in the courts. In a 2014 international survey by Accenture, 82 percent of respondents said that they would interact with justice system using a digital interface either instead of or in addition to traditional means.3 Additionally, 56 percent of U.S. respondents believed digital technology can reduce the public cost of the justice system. Simply put, it is a new world for courts. This new environment presents opportunities for courts, often staid institutions, to rise to the occasion of incorporating and tailoring innovation into the delivery of justice while still safeguarding constitutional protections.


At present,The display technology of Land sonar field is the single component display technology.The image displayed through the single component display technology can not be visually reveal the data collected.In order to constitute a complete data image,staff must be graphical analysis,integration in the brain.So brought a lot of trouble to the staff.The three-component technology can complete show into a picture,which visually displays the data.The goal of this article is to achieve three-dimensional display based on threecomponent data,which requires the displayed image has the angle of rotation,scaling and graphics colors depicting functions.


We give a classification of regular holonomic D-modules on skew-symmetric matrices attached to the linear action of the general linear group GLN .


Three protein kinases that are stimulated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) have been isolated from bovine thyroids by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. One of these kinases has a molecular weight of about 76,000, with a pH optimum of 7.5 both in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP. This peak of kinase activity phosphorylates protamine sulfate more rapidly than histone, but the phosphorylation of protamine is not cyclic AMP-dependent. The other two peaks of kinase activity have molecular weights of 102,000 and 191,000, but otherwise appear similar in their characteristics. Both show a pronounced pH optimum of 6.5 in the presence of cyclic AMP, but little pH effect in its absence. These two peaks of kinase activity phosphorylate histone and protamine nearly equally, although cyclic AMP stimulates their phosphorylation of histone more than protamine. (Endocrinology 91: 1343, 1972)


Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and Lys198Asn and rs10478694 polymorphism of Endothelin-1 gene, a strong vasoconstrictor.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were isolated from 100 patients diagnosed with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and Lys198Asn and rs10478694 polymorphism of Endothelin-1 gene from obtained DNAs by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reactions Method (RT-PCR).
Results: Forty-one patients in the patient group and 38 patients in the control group were found to be heterozygous for Lys198Asn. Thirty-nine patients in the patient group and 39 patients in the control group were found to be heterozygous for rs10478694. Lys198Asn was found to be homozygous mutant in 8 patients in the patient group and 9 patients in the control group. Rs10478694 was found to be homozygous mutant in 9 patients in the patient group and 7 patients in the control group. There was no significant difference in age and gender between patients with and without identified polymorphisms (p>0.05). In addition, smoking and alcohol use, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found not to be correlated with positivity of gene polymorphism.
Conclusion: Lys198Asn and rs10478694 polymorphism of Endothelin-1 gene was found not to be correlated with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.


DRDC Suffeld and Itres Research have collaborated to investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for surface and buried landmine detection since 1989. Visible/near infrared (casi) and short wave infrared (sasi) families of imagers have been developed which have demonstrated reliable HSI detection of surface-laid mines, based on their reflectance spectra, from airborne and ground-based platforms. However, they have limited ability to detect buried mines. Thermal infrared (TIR) HSI may have the capability to detect buried mines. Disturbance of quartz-bearing soils has been shown to measurably change their TIR emissivity spectra due to mixing of surface/subsurface soil (restrahlen band intensities vary with particle size). Some evidence suggests that the effect can persist months after the visible disturbance has disappeared. Carbonates and other materials exhibit similar TIR spectral features and heat flow anomalies caused by buried mines can also be measured in the TIR band. There are no commercially available TIR hyperspectral imagers that are suitable for mine detection. The very few possibly suitable imagers are one-of-a-kind research instruments, dedicated to internal programs and not available for the general mine detection community. A TIR hyperspectral imager (tasi) based on a novel optical design and a cooled MCT focal plane array has been developed. The instrument has been designed with landmine detection in mind. First light images from the prototype were obtained in summer 2006 and initial test flights were completed in fall 2006. The design of the instrument and a comparison with design alternatives in the context of mine detection requirements is discussed. Preliminary images are presented.


The thermal stability of imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMI][PF6]) in a confined geometry is analysed. It has been found that the decomposition of IL starts at an earlier temperature upon confinement in nanopores. Early decomposition of confined IL is due to the breaking of end group alkyl chains of the [BMI] ring, which is explained by a phenomenological 'hinged spring' model.


This monograph presents the results of an investigation done by the Paraguayan Center for the Study of Population on the effectiveness of a radiophonic program called "Nandeminte" directed mainly to the rural population with the purpose of educating and informing on materno-infant health and contraceptive practices. To be able to evaluate the impact of the program 2 surveys were conducted in the area before and after implementation of the program. The percentage of people knowing about contraception went from 76% to 90%; contraceptive practice went from 58% to 70%. The greatest change occurred in attitude toward contraception especially in women aged 20-34 and in the use of existing family planning services which saw a great increase in demand of services especially among women with at least elementary school education and among women with a higher income. Religion did not seem to interfere much with contraceptive practices; health was the main motivation offered to initiate contraception.


OBJECTIVE Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is characterized by abnormalities in body composition and a poor perceived quality of life (QoL). Weight‐based high‐dose growth hormone replacement (GHR) results in improvements in body composition and QoL in AGHD. However, a high patient percentage reported side‐effects on high‐dose GHR resulting in a high rate of patient withdrawal from growth hormone (GH) treatment. High‐dose GH therapy also leads to supraphysiological serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) concentrations that have been associated with breast and prostate cancer, raising major concerns over the use of such high‐dose GH regimen in AGHD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low‐dose growth hormone replacement (GHR) on body composition and QoL as early as 1 and 3 months.


College students are in a critical formation period of the outlooks on world, life and value. Educating and guiding them with the socialist core value system education involves embedding the core value system into the ideological and political education of college students. But the path to it is a fundamental issue because it determines the result of the embedding. Accordingly, with the close correlation of the core value system to the ideological and political education of college students as premise, the embedding can be innovatively realized by the socialist core value dominating other values, advanced student elite setting an example for the common students and carriers effectively employed.


This study explores the impact of so-called green human resource management on employees' green consumption behavior. The research analyzed data based on recycling questionnaires given to staff from a technology company. Using five hypotheses developed from the literature, the results confirm that Green human resource management practices positively affect employees' green consumption behaviors. Green human resource management practices are also positively correlated with employees' green behaviors. In turn, these green behaviors are positively correlated with green consumption behaviors. The results show that employees who are more environmentally-conscious are more likely to show green behaviors. Environmental awareness plays a positive role in regulating the green behavior of employees and green consumption behavior. The study provides a reference value and practical applications for the scope of future green human resource management research.


We studied whether cytokine receptors (Rs) on T cells associate with lipid microdomains ("rafts"). Low‐dose phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated human T cells were separated into cytoplasmic, membrane, and raft fractions by buoyant density centrifugation. Examination of these fractions for the presence of interleukin (IL)‐2‐ and ‐15R chains and associated signaling molecules by Western blotting revealed marked, selective enrichment of the IL‐2/15R β‐chain in rafts before IL‐2 stimulation. After IL‐2 stimulation, a substantial amount of the β‐chain was found in the membrane fraction. This partial translocation was also observed for the β‐chain‐associated molecules JAK‐1, p56lck, and grb‐2. Finally, raft disruption with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MBCD) attenuated IL‐2‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation events and selectively decreased the surface expression of the IL‐2/15R β‐chain detected by flow cytometry. These results show that the IL‐2/15R β‐chain is enriched in rafts obtained from low‐dose, PHA‐stimulated T cells, that IL‐2 binding alters this enrichment, and that this enrichment may be functionally relevant as a possible mechanism to ensure cytokine selectivity and specificity.


TILE REGISTRAR-GENERAL'S QUARTERLY RETURN. THE Registrar-General has just issued his quarterly return relating to births and deaths registered in England and Wales (luring the third or summer quarter of this year, and to the marriages in the three months ending June last. The marriage-rate showed a marked increase upon that recorded in the corresponding quarter of 1888, and slightly exceeded the mean rate in the second quarters of the ten years 1879-88. The birthrate and the death-rate were below their respective averages. The mean temperature of the air during the quarter at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, was 58.9° F., and was 0.80 below the average for the corresponding quarters of 118 years. The mean was below the average in each of the three months of the quarter. The rainfall amounted to 5.56 inches, and was 1.76 inches below the average. The births registered in England and Wales during the three moinths ending September last were 219,805, equal to an annual rate of 30.1 per 1,000 of the population, estimated by the RegistrarGenleral to be rather more than twenty-nine millions of persons. This birth-rate, although showing a slight increase upon that recorded in the third quarter of 1888, which was the lowest recorded in the corresponding period of any year since 1847, was per 1,000 below the mean rate in the corresponding quarters of the ten years 1879-88. The birth-rate during the quarter under notice in the several counties ranged from 23.7 in Itutlandshire, 24 3 in Sussex, 25.3 in Herefordshire, and 26.5 in Surrey to 33.8 in Dalrham, 34.2 in Essex, 34.6 in Northumberland, and 36.7 in Moninouthshire. In the twenty-eight large English towns, for which


This study outlines the guidelines for a successful implementation of industrialized sanitary systems in apartment buildings. Various feasible sanitary systems were evaluated, and the "L" shaped wall was selected as the most suitable alternative. This concept can be successfully implemented only if integrated with "industrialization-oriented architectural design", achieved by collaboration between the architect and the plumbing engineer, starting at the initial design stages. A blueprint design for a dwelling level that implements this industrialized sanitary unit is presented and discussed, in view of the introduced guidelines. This study should be followed by field evaluation of the "L" shaped wall.


We introduce a framework for analyzing symmetry of 3D anatomical structures using elastic deformations of their boundaries (surfaces). The basic idea is to define a space of parameterized surfaces and to compute geodesic paths between the objects and their arbitrary reflections using a Riemannian structure. Elastic matching, based on optimal (non-linear) re-parameterizations (grid deformations) of surfaces, provides a better registration of points across shapes, as compared to the commonly-used linear registrations. A crucial step of orientation alignment, akin to finding planes of symmetry, is performed as a search for shortest geodesic paths. This framework is fully automatic and provides a measure of symmetry, the nearest symmetric shape and the optimal deformation to make an object symmetric. We demonstrate this framework through multiple toy examples on simple and complicated surfaces. We also explore the use of symmetry analysis in differentiating between healthy and subjects with Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder.


Nanotechnology is enabling the development of devices in a scale ranging from one to a few hundred nanometers, which can perform tasks such as sensing, data storing, computing, and actuation. These nano devices will be able to cover larger areas and perform more complex tasks through communication. Wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) are collections of nanosensor devices with communication capability. The key components of a WNSN include nano-nodes, nano-router, nano-micro interface, and gateway. WNSNs have numerous potential biomedical, environmental, industrial, and military applications. This chapter provides an overview of the architecture, applications, and issues associated with the development of WNSNs.


Abstract In this paper, optimality concepts for vector optimization problems with a variable ordering structure are considered. The notion of Pascoletti-Serafini scalarization for the vector optimization problems is extended. Then, some relations between optimal elements of the vector optimization problem and efficient solutions of scalarized problem are obtained. Also, by using the generalized Pascoletti-Serafini scalarization method, nonsmooth variational-like inequalities are defined and their relations with the scalarized optimization problems are studied.


This study proposes the implementation of a collaborative environment to capture meaningful knowledge within the South African Government in an efficient manner. Several departments within the public sector apply knowledge management to some degree, but only within their respective units and sharing of information outside of the unit or project teams is not a common practice. Hence, the duplication of work and lack of innovation and all other elements key to the development of a competitive edge in capturing, preserving and dissemination of expertise and knowledge across teams. This study uses throw-away or rapid prototyping methodology to serve as a basis for deriving a system specification. This prototype gives end-users a concrete impression of the system's capabilities. Employees value access to the knowledge using the system. As they work, they learn, or generate new knowledge using information obtainable via the system which draws on past and present experiences as confirmed by the users.


In this article, the verses related to the lease agreement in the Qur'an on social and legal relations have been studied. An important aspect of the study of this topic is that it will be a solution to today's pressing problems in the field along with the regulation of socio-legal relations between people. The scientific article describes the meanings of the words used in the meaning of lease in Arabic in the Qur'an. The Qur'an also contains verses on the legality of a lease agreement, including verse 233 of Surah al-Baqara, verse 6 of Surah at-Talaq, verse 27 of Surah al-Qasas, verse 72 of Surah al-Kahf, verse 10 of Surah al-Jum'a, verse 72 of Surah Yusuf, and verse 198 of Surah al-Baqara. The views of the mufassirs and faqihs on these verses have been described, compared, and scientific conclusions have been made. The works of commentators who were prominent in the field of tafsir in the Islamic world such as Abu Bakr Jassas (d. 980), Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi (d. 1241), Shamsuddin Qurtubi (d. 1273), Ibn Kathir of Damascus (d. 1373), and other scholars of Mawarannahr, such as Imam Maturidi (d. 945) and Abul Lays Samarkandi (d. 1003) were used in writing the article.


The transformations which are processed in the labor market and the impact on the field of education emphasize the need to deepen the debate on this historical relationship. The critical reading of this scenario allows one to understand the new roles that education assumes as a strategic path coopted by capital. Thereby, the present article intends to discuss the relationship between work, education and human formation, situating the discussion around the implications that these interrelations causes in the whole society, with repercussions on the teaching work, especially in Professional Education. For the study we conducted literature and consulted authors such as Marx (2014), Braverman (1977), Antunes (2014), Kuenzer (2013), Ramos (2008, 2014), Moura (2014), among others. We start from the premise that the conjunctural scenario has caused significant changes for the labor category and for the working class. We pointed out that education is seen as a tool to solve the problem of employment and promote development by hiding the real interests of the hegemonic bloc.  Deepening the debate around the conception of human formation as a possibility to promote autonomy and emancipation in the subject. Finally, we highlight the nature of the work of the teacher and the possibility of assuming a working perspective counterhegemonic in the space of professional education.


We report preferential emission from ZnO nanoparticles into an epsilon near zero metamaterial. The structure is designed to have the parallel component of its dielectric constant approach zero at the maximum emission wavelength of ZnO.


Investigations of Frederick Douglass's religiosity too frequently neglect his 1845 Narrative , perhaps because readers continue to accept that the Narrative should be understood as a critique of specific individuals or denominations rather than a challenge to core Christian principles. But in the Narrative Douglass deploys a series of subtle biblical symbols to rewrite the Bible and subvert "Christianity proper." Most controversially, I claim that the root that Douglass eventually rejects as an impotent totem of "ignorant slaves" is both a representation of hoodoo rootwork and, crucially, Jesus Christ; nineteenth-century readers of the Narrative , including Harriet Beecher Stowe, recognized the atheistic potency of this symbol, but biblical illiteracy has elided it from modern readings.


An efficient method for the synthesis of 14-alkyl or aryl14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans under solvent-free conventional and microwave heating using lithium bromide, is described.


Electromagnetic waves carry the Abraham momentum, whose density is given by pEM = S(r,t)/c2. Here S(r, t) = E(r, t)×H(r, t) is the Poynting vector at point r in space and instant t in time, E and H are the local electromagnetic fields, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The above statement is true irrespective of whether the waves reside in vacuum or within a ponderable medium, which medium may or may not be homogeneous, isotropic, transparent, linear, magnetic, etc. When a light pulse enters an absorbing medium, the force experienced by the medium is only partly due to the absorbed Abraham momentum. This absorbed momentum, of course, is manifested as Lorentz force (while the pulse is being extinguished within the absorber), but not all the Lorentz force experienced by the medium is attributable to the absorbed Abraham momentum. We consider an absorptive/ reflective medium having the complex refractive index n2+i κ2, submerged in a transparent dielectric of refractive index n1, through which light must travel to reach the absorber/reflector. Depending on the impedance-mismatch between the two media, which mismatch is dependent on n1, n2, κ2, either more or less light will be coupled into the absorber/reflector. The dependence of this impedance-mismatch on n1 is entirely responsible for the appearance of the Minkowski momentum in certain radiation pressure experiments that involve submerged objects.


The paper titled FPGA Implementation of Real Time Encryption Engine for Real Time Video Encryption is an attempt to implement crypto cores for three different algorithms viz. AES, 3DES and Twofish so that to achieve real time encryption and decryption of video data from a real time source. The crypto core encryptor feeds the decryptor with an encrypted data with a private key cryptographic algorithm so that uninterrupted video streaming performance can be achieved with the system. The user key for cryptographic algorithms remains fixed for both encryptor and decryptor. The output is observed for a Digital Camera VGA picture input on a VGA monitor. The multiple implementations of the crypto cores add to the flexibility in terms of future modifications to the design. Each of the private key encryption algorithms was considered separately for an HDL implementation. The implementation was tested for synthesizable components. The system was then migrated to internal pattern encryption and decryption for the fixed available pattern and was tested for the same. The last stage consisted of applying the same to the external video signal available from the Camera unit interface. Each stage was complemented by the simulation of the behavioral model. Thus six different systems were developed which form the encryption decryption pairs for each possibility with the respective algorithm in hand.


Abstract : Research efforts on the formation and analysis of polymer carbon electrodes to serve as oxygen electrodes and on the synthesis of porphyrins and porphyrazines for study as oxygen reduction catalysts in conjunction with polymer carbon electrodes are described. The report also presents a very simple but highly accurate model of detonation which ignores viscosity, diffusion, and heat conduction. The salient features of the model are unimolecular reaction, kinetics with starvation, balance laws, and a covolume equation of state. (Author)


This paper presents the theory of holomorphic vector valued modular forms from a geometric perspective. More precisely, we define certain holomorphic vector bundles on the modular orbifold of generalized elliptic curves whose sections are vector valued modular forms. This perspective simplifies the theory, and it clarifies the role that exponents of representations of SL_2(Z) play in the holomorphic theory of vector valued modular forms. Further, it allows one to use standard techniques in algebraic geometry to deduce free-module theorems and dimension formulae (deduced previously by other authors using different techniques), by identifying the modular orbifold with the weighted projective line P(4, 6).


Services and applications provided over wireless systems are increasing every year. However, because the quality of service (QoS) differs from service to service, it is difficult to provide all services and applications using one wireless system alone. To solve this problem, we propose an adaptive service function assignment that efficiently uses wireless systems. We evaluated its performance in computer simulations and show the efficiency of the proposed scheme based on the simulation results. We also considered the network architecture of composite wireless systems that use the adaptive service function assignment method.


Businesses across Worcestershire have been warned they must get themselves up to speed on a controversial ruling which may entitle millions of workers to more holiday pay to take into account their overtime and commission.


With the continuous updates of colleges teaching contents and teaching means,the practical teaching has become an indispensable process in electronic information teaching.The practical teaching process of electronic information includes curriculum experiment,curriculum design,working practice,etc.The practical teaching process can increase the students' interests in study.And the practical teaching process is helpful in improving the students' abilities such as practice,cooperation and innovation.Colleges should start with establishing teaching plan,construction of teaching staff,construction of practical teaching base,etc.And colleges should ensure the various practical teaching process,to improve the teaching quality of practical teaching.


This article presents and rationalizes the developed requirements for a programming and computing suite used for the calculation of electric power system operation under natural and anthropogenic electromagnetic impacts The authors suggest a programming and computing suite architecture including the graphic, computational, and analytical units. Requirements were sent for the functional capabilities of all units. The authors show that the graphic unit shall be used for the visual design of a functional electric power system, as well as to link the electric power facilities to geographic locations and display modeling results. This unit shall provide an opportunity to set geomagnetic perturbations and "normal" power grid disturbances, such as short circuits, switching, power line breakage, etc. The computational unit shall include modules for the calculation of the steady-state conditions, transient process, and post-contingency conditions in the electric power system, as well as the quasi-permanent currents, and modules accounting for the operation of relay protection, emergency control automatics, and operating automatics. This unit provides an opportunity to calculate quasi-permanent currents in advance to determine the power transformers that shall be modeled taking into account the non-linear nature of magnetizing parameters during the calculation of transient processes initiated by geomagnetic perturbations. The analytical unit is designed for the analysis of the initial steady-state conditions, as well as the transient and emergency processes caused by the global disturbing impact, and the post-contingency conditions.


Abstract. Chicken eggs are considered an important source of high-quality protein for humans. Many types of germs can contaminate eggshells, some of which are pathogenic. This survey aims to study the bacterial contamination of eggshells from ISA Brown laying hens of 56 weeks old. The study concerned a total of 100 eggs randomly collected. Two methods were used for investigation and enumeration of bacteria: a classical method and a rapid method Rida®Count. The classical method concerned: total bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.. The rapid method RIDA®COUNT concerned: Total bacteria count, total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. In both methods, all eggshells were found to be contaminated with aerobic mesophilic bacteria. The average number revealed by the rapid method was 2.95 ± 1.06 Log CFU/cm² and by the classical method it was 2.85 ± 0.99 Log CFU/cm². The rapid method revealed a higher number of eggshells infected with total coliforms (90%) and Staphylococcus aureus (43%) compared to the classical method (56% and 19%, respectively). The average number of total coliforms (2.47 ± 0.95 Log CFU/cm²) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.67 ± 0.86 Log CFU/cm²) revealed by the classical method was close to the rapid method (2.35 ± 1.01 Log CFU/cm² and 1.43 ± 0.83 Log CFU/cm², respectively). Bacterial counts were not significantly different between the two diagnostic methods. The total absence of Salmonella spp. was confirmed. However, the presence of two eggs infected by Raoultella planticola (2%), and two eggs by Escherichia coli (2%) were found. This investigation provided the first partial description in Algeria of the bacterial contamination of laying hen eggshells using two methods: classic and rapid. The good hygiene and management can avoid contamination with dangerous bacteria represented mainly by Salmonella spp.. However, it is necessary to study the bacterial contamination inside the egg and to extend the research to other bacteria


We present a general algebraic framework to define the design criteria of linear functions for linear physical layer network coding (LPNC) over a new network topology, called the dense cooperative wireless cloud network. This network topology employs massively interacting distributed nodes to assist data transmission, which naturally forms a multi-source, multi-hop and multi-relay network structure. We prove two theorems and address the design criteria, which are considered to be the key theoretical basis for real implementation. The proposed work is applicable to a general multihop wireless network, and suitable for linear operations over a commutative ring. We also compare and discuss the simulation results based on the design criteria.


appeared. The detailed analysis by the editor Friedhelm Kaiser of the Freiherr von Haxthausen serves again as a reminder that no socioeconomic study of nineteenthcentury Russia can afford to neglect this seminal work. Georg von Rauch initiates the inquiry into Russian views of Germany. Karamzin's letters are reviewed, as are impressions by men as disparate as Kireevskii, Dostoevskii, Herzen, and Bakunin. A difference immediately emerges: here is less narrative, but vivid expression of personal feeling. Since most Russians were on their way elsewhere, the selection of their comments on Germany tends to be a trifle arbitrary. This is clearer in Hans-Bernd Harder's discussion of Aleksandr Turgenev (which should certainly have said more about the Historica Russiae Monumenta) and in Eberhard Reissner's essay on Herzen, which simply stresses Schiller's influence and recounts the oft-told tale of the family's melancholic relations with Georg and Emma Herwegh. Paradoxically, perhaps the essay best revealing Russian reaction to Germany is Irene Nowikowa's impressionistic, highly subjective study exploring how Soviet novelists, journalists, and belletrists like Nagibin, Granin, and Kazakevich distilled their experience of visiting Germany. The authors of these short general essays would be the first to acknowledge that their observations and conclusions are tentative, but this stimulating and provocative little book addresses many themes which may profitably be scrutinized in the future.


Abstract In a recent report Klain et al. (1960) were unable to show any improvement in weight gain or feed utilization by the addition of glycine to a 20 percent protein chick diet devoid of glycine and serine. It would appear from their report that glycine could be synthesized at a rate commensurate with the needs of the chick on the amino acid diet used. The results reported herein indicate that supplemental glycine will improve the performance of chicks fed a crystalline amino acid diet capable of sustaining a more rapid rate of growth than Klain's diet. Male chicks originating from the mating of New Hampshire males to Columbian females were used in this study. Five chicks, carefully selected for uniformity of weight at nine days, were fed the experimental diets for a period of five days. The chicks were housed individually in electrically heated wire cages equipped with Pyrex dishes …


We report the first observation of re-entrant layer-by-layer etching based on in situ reflection high-energy electron-diffraction measurements. With AsBr3 used to etch GaAs(001), sustained specular-beam intensity oscillations are seen at high substrate temperatures, a decaying intensity with no oscillations at intermediate temperatures, but oscillations reappearing at still lower temperatures. Simulations of an atomistic model for the etching kinetics reproduce the temperature ranges of these three regimes and support an interpretation of the origin of this phenomenon as the site-selectivity of the etching process combined with activation barriers to interlayer adatom migration.


Objective To study the expression of paranoxonase-1(PON1) and Rho kinase in vascular smooth muscle with sleep intermittent hypoxia,so as to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in intermittent hypoxia and inflammation induced atherosclerosis.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal oxygen group(A group,breathing 21% O2 for 8 h per day),intermittent hypoxia group(B group,breathing 10% O2 and air altered per 90 sec for 8 h per day),rosuvastatin group(C group,breathing 10% O2 and air altered per 90 sec for 8 h per day,20 mg·kg-1·d-1 rosuvastatin Qd,p.o.),fasudil group(D group,breathing 10% O2 and air altered per 90 sec for 8 h per day,20 mg·kg-1·d-1 fasudil Qd,i.h.) and control group(E group,breathing 21% O2 for 8 h per day).Thirty days later,lipid,weight,HE staining of aortic endothelium,PON1 and Rho kinase mRNA expression and PON1 and Rho kinase activities were measured respectively.Results The levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were increased,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),PON1 mRNA expression and activity were decreased and Rho kinase mRNA expression and activity were increased in A,B,C,D group as compared with E group(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Moreover,HE staining showed that atherosclerotic changes in aorta in A,B,C,D group were increased.The level of lipid in B group were not changed,but atherosclerotic changes in aorta was deteriorated,PON1 mRNA expression and activity were decreased and Rho kinase mRNA expression and activity were increased significantly as compared with A group.In C group,the level of TG and LDL-C were decreased,atherosclerotic changes in aorta were improved,PON1 mRNA expression and activity were increased and Rho kinase mRNA expression and activity were decreased as compared with B group.In D group,lipid and the level of lipid and PON1 mRNA expression and activity were not changed,atherosclerotic changes in aorta were improved and Rho kinase mRNA expression and activity were decreased as compared with B group.Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia was a dangerous factor that associated with the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.The activations of the structure of high density lipoprotein cholesterol-PON1 and Rho kinase may be the key factors in atherosclerosis under sleep intermittent hypoxia.


This paper is devoted to the use and further development of the single crystal growing technique invented by Professor Jan Czochralski (1885 1953). The possibilities of the Czochralski technique are demonstrated. Further improvements were introduced at the Scienti c Research Company Carat (Lviv, Ukraine) to grow large size complex oxide single crystals. The paper presents an overview of some single crystals grown with the use of a modi ed technology. Growth parameters and properties of resulting crystals are summarized to show a high potential of the Czochralski technique as an industrial technology to grow large-size, high quality, and structurally perfect single crystals of complex oxides.


Abstract In order to meet the challenges of educational administration, effective leaders must understand the culture of the school, model a passion for excellence, empower the stake holders, have a sense of commitment to a shared vision, and look to the future acting with integrity that heightens the value of character. Being an administrator or manager is not enough. Today's school leaders are shouldered with unending responsibilities that challenge their abilities every day. By utilizing multiple forms of leadership along with empowerment the tasks and goals set by our society can be accomplished.


The different expression forms of two kinds of testability indices which used for tactical missile at present make some troubles for application. In order to promote further development and widely use of testability method on tactical missile,two kinds of testability indices for tactical missile are studied in this paper,which statistical object and calculation method are different. By theoretical arithmetic and actual example analysis,their quantitative conversion method and application range are established.


Automatic control of Cz-processes plays an important role in mass production of mono crystalline material with respect e.g. to yield. Usually, in industrial scale, precise radius control can successfully be established using accumulated experiences over a large amount of growth runs together with PID algorithms at least in the cylindrical part of the crystal. However, with diameter up-scaling and the strong demand for increasing crystal quality new aspects like diameter control in the conical parts of the crystals and control of growth rate arise. As well, improvement of radius control even in the cylindrical part is essential. Thus, it is time to reconsider the problem of robust control of the Czochralski process. Our aim is to develop a robust controller which can be used i) without much experience concerning the thermal properties of the process; ii) to grow different crystal geometries without reparameterization; iii) for faster process set up, and iv) for high reproducibility, quality and yield. A new solution for the estimation of the system variables "radius" and "growth angle" by means of a nonlinear observer ("soft sensor") is presented. With such a model based observer both variables can be reconstructed from the weighing cell signal much more accurately and less noisy as with classical numerical differentiation. Additionally, the observer is a prerequisite for sufficiently smooth reconstruction of the growth rate. The proposed new control scheme is partially based on a lumped parameter mathematical model of the process and allows us to control shape and growth rate of the crystal. It consists of two coupled loops providing the pull rate and temperature signals as the controls. The geometrical part of the Czochralski process is represented by the well known lumped parameter model of the capillary part of the system, which is quite accurate. This is not the case for the thermal part. Thus, for this part, a PID controller is applied. First experimental results confirm the capabilities of the proposed algorithms: • For 2-inch InP crystal growth the radius reference could be closely tracked within a range of 1-2% even in the conical parts. • The whole crystal shape (cylinder and conical parts) could be controlled using one set of control parameters only. • Within the same inner assemblies of the growth plant it is easily possible to grow crystals with differing geometry using the same parameter sets in the controller. • Crystal shape shows a high reproducibility. • Growth rate could be kept at its desired value for two hours using a single loop controller with a precision of less than 10%. The presented new control algorithm is believed to be of general character. It should be possible to adapt it quite directly to other types of Czochralski techniques, like LEC; low temperature gradient methods; growth from melt and solutions; materials like metals, semiconductors, oxides, halogenides, etc.


On January 22, 2013, the Philippines formally commenced arbitration proceedings against China over the South China Sea dispute. 1 China has refused to participate, but its rejection of the proceedings should not be interpreted as lack of interest. In fact, quite the opposite is true. Maritime boundary disputes are of key strategic importance to China, and China avidly watches the work of international tribunals, despite maintaining the position that its own boundary disputes should not be resolved through international adjudication. 2 I can attest to China's interest in the international resolution of maritime disputes personally. Last year I participated in an hour-long interview on Radio China International about the ICJ's 2012 decision on Nicaragua v. Colombia. 3 This case addressed sovereignty over disputed islands in the San Andreas archipelago. For a law professor, it was like an early Christmas present to spend sixty minutes on public international radio discussing an ICJ decision. Moreover I have no doubt the interest in these decisions in China was based on their potential relevance by analogy to the ongoing disputes in the South China and East China seas. Today, I want to tackle the following question: What is the role of arbitration in highly charged political disputes, particularly when one party refuses to participate? I will comment on three issues: (i) the likely findings on jurisdiction in the South China Sea dispute, (ii) the elements of successful arbitration in highly charged situations, and (iii) why 2. As a general matter, China has always been reticent to settle disputes through international mechanisms. For example, there has never been a contentious dispute involving China at the ICJ. Nonetheless, China has become an active participant in WTO proceedings and has concluded an extensive network of Bilateral Investment Treaties, suggesting that where business interests are involved, it is more amenable to international proceedings. international adjudication is appropriate in a politically sensitive case such as this one. The case The Republic of the Philippines v. The People's Republic of China has been filed at the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which is acting as registry. Five tribunal members have been appointed. 4 The Philippines selected one, and one was appointed on China's behalf. All tribunal members are extremely well regarded within the profession. The Tribunal met in July 2013, issued a procedural order indicating submissions would be due in March 2014. The order also indicated that the admissibility and merits …


A method associated with the configuration of a functional block of a process plant on a computing device with a display and an input device, wherein the function block implements a state machine, the method comprising: Providing a first graphical user interface on the display device to the configuration of the values of at least some outputs of a plurality of outputs of the function block for each of the at least some states of a plurality of states of the state machine, wherein the graphical user interface includes a plurality of graphical elements, wherein at least some graphic elements of the plurality of graphical elements to the respective pairs of some of the at least some states, and some of the at least some outputs are assigned; wherein the at least some outputs are to be at least partially used for performing one or more physical functions within the process plant; Receiving output configuration data via the graphical user interface; and Storing the output data in a first configuration associated with the function block computer readable medium.


A recent symposium appearing in Public Administration Review, which explored organizational decline and cutback management, addressed an issue that seems to have grown in importance since the early 1970s.1 Despite the proliferation of organizational cutbacks, however, relatively little is yet known about their dynamics and administration.3 The authors' experience with the State of New York, which underwent a series of organizational retrenchments during this era, suggested that public administrators had come to rely on layoffs as a standard operating procedure for accomplishing reductions in force, or worse, had come to equate the concepts of reduction in force and layoff and, as a consequence, did not even consider alternatives.4 The purpose of this paper is to compare the cost-effectiveness of the two principal strategies for accomplishing a reduction in force; namely, layoff and attrition. The data presented were gathered as part of a research program which provided policy guidance to a state-level, labormanagement committee' mandated to explore and institutionalize alternatives for accomplishing future work force reductions, and to develop action programs to restore more than 10,000 employees laid off in the early 1970s to suitable jobs.


Abstracts of Technical Paperss of Technical Papers ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS Canadian Triticologists: The Game Changers! R. M. DePauw*, B. McCallum, H. Voldeng, R. E. Knox, N. Edwards, D. Hatcher, T. Fetch, O. Lukow, S. Fox, C. Pozniak, P. Hucl, A. Comeau, and A. K. Singh. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada S9H 3X2; Cereal Research Centre, AAFC, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2M9; Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, AAFC, Ottawa, Canada; Grain Reseach Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 3G8; Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8; and Soils & Crops Research & Development Centre, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 2J3. Wheat is not indigenous to North America. The first Europeans brought wheat with them to North America as a source of food and feed. Wheat was grown for local consumption for several hundred years in eastern and central regions of Canada. Opening of new western lands in the former Hudson Bay Company territories required new immigrants who could produce products that could be exported to Europe and be sold at a sufficiently high price to cover the cost of transportation. William Saunders was commissioned to establish agricultural research to support economic development in Canada. Wheat was only one among many crops. The production of wheat was fraught with ongoing challenges. The population of Canada exploded with new immigrants to the prairies that resulted in families establishing communities and concomitant economic activity fuelled primarily by wheat. By the late 1920s, the wheat industry rivalled mining and forestry in magnitude as a source of foreign exchange earnings. This achievement was underpinned by overcoming enormous biotic and abiotic challenges. Science disciplines evolved as the mysteries of the various pathogens, insects, soil nutrition, soil stresses, climatic stresses, and wheat genotype by environment interactions were unravelled. Breeders, geneticists, cytogenetists, pathologists, entomologists, cereal chemists, agronomists, biometricians, biotechnologists, and engineers have worked together to provide the research and development that underpinned the $5 billion wheat export and another $9 billion in value added processing of wheat today. Many people are behind the research and development that has led to the current wheat


This study aims to create a charging systems visual media and determine the increase competency learning outcomes charging system TKR class XI student of SMK Negeri 1 Tengaran year 2013/2014. The study population was a class XI student of SMK Negeri 1 Tengaran TKR totaling 140 students. The sample of this research is class XI TKR as class 1 and class XI TKR experiment 2 as the control class, so the sample is 70 students. Data collection method used is the method of documentation and test methods. The results of data analysis showed no increased competence among students learn about the results ofthe charging system IC before applying and after applying visual media panel. Experimental class had an average pretest of 56.50 and 57.50 class dick. From these data it appears that the initial capabilities of each class dar look the same. Student learning outcomes sought after learning through post-test and obtained an average grade of 79.29 experimental and control class is 75.79. It can be concluded that the use of learning panel display media can improve learning outcomes competency identification integrated type charging system circuit (IC). The application display the charging system is in accordance with the expected however there should be an emphasis of matter as well as a more specific explanation of the charging system of teacher competencies that must be achieved in order not to experience a decrease in achievement.


Geological and geophysical researches and exploration works conducted in the Russian Arctic offshore during the last two decades indicate the presence of extensive sedimentary basins. The data coverage in this vast continental margin is uneven, and the reliability of hydrocarbon prediction varies significantly from one basin to the next. Nevertheless, the existence of a major frontier Barents-Northern Kara Oil and Gas Province (BNKP) is quite evident. The BNKP encompasses the Barents Sea and the Northern Kara Sea subbottom, the islands along the shelf edge, the Kola Peninsula shelf, the Arkhangelsk coastal territory, and a large part of the northernmost Komi Republic. The total area of BNKP is close to 1,500,000 sq. km, and the sediments in the deepest depocenter (South Barents Basin) reach 16--18 km. Vast areal extent, great thickness of sedimentary cover, favorable conditions for oil and gas generation and accumulation, presence of oil and gas fields in all major sequences suggest a very high hydrocarbon potential for the BNKP.


The changes of air humidity in the natural environment and the response laws of concrete humidity were studied. Based on the saturation vapor pressure equation, the differences of the environmental humidity expressed both with the relative humidity and the water vapor density were analyzed. The models of natural environment humidity variations and the concrete humidity response spectrums were established by theoretical derivation, and the rationality of the models was verified by the test. Furthermore, the humidity spectrum was framed based on the meteorological data in past years, and the relation between humidity variations and the water vapor density was investigated. The results show that the expressions of the environmental and concrete humidity expressed by the relative humidity and water vapor density are significantly different. The relative humidity of the natural environment periodically changes with time, however the water vapor density value is constant. On the contrary, the response spectrum of the concrete relative humidity is constant, but the water vapor density changes periodically with time. The humidity action spectrum obtained from the meteorological data can then be used to describe the law of the humidity variations, which provides a new way to frame the environment humidity action spectrum and response spectrum in concrete.


Abstract The ponerine ant Odontomachus relictus n. sp. is described from specimens collected in scrub and sandhill habitats on several ancient sand ridges in Florida. It appears to be a relict species from dry periods in the Pleistocene. Workers are similar to the western species O. clarus Roger, but males of the two species are strongly divergent. Keys and natural history notes are provided for workers and males of the four Odontomachus species known from the U.S. Examination of males might help clarify the taxonomic status of Odontomachus of Central and South America.


Distributed storage acts as a standout amongst the most critical administrations of distributed computing, it helps cloud clients break the bottleneck of limited assets and extend their capacity without redesigning their gadgets. Keeping in mind the end goal to ensure the security and protection of cloud clients, information is constantly outsourced in an encoded shape. In spite of that, scrambled information could acquire much misuse of distributed storage and convoluted information sharing among approved clients. We are as yet confronting challenges on scrambled information stockpiling and administration with deduplication. Conventional deduplication conspires dependably center around particular application situations, in which the deduplication is totally controlled by either information proprietors or cloud servers. They can't adaptably fulfill different requests of information proprietors as indicated by the level of information affectability. In this paper, we propose a diverse and varied information stockpiling administration plot, which adaptably offers both deduplication administration and access control in the meantime over various Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). We assess its execution with security investigation, correlation, and usage. The outcomes demonstrate its security, adequacy, and productivity towards potential down to earth utilization. IndexTerms De-Duplication, Cloud Storage, Encryption, Proof-Of-Ownership, And Revocation.


The flight safety status is researched adopting the decisive parameter,and loss-of-control(LOC) is analyzed.The vector space for flight safety is set up,and the space is divided into subspace composed of five fight safety envelopes.The envelopes are changed to uniform.The safety function is put forward to denote the deep of the loss-of-control,confirm the safety face,and calculate the time of loss-of-control happens.A flight accident is researched,and the results show that the method can quantitatively analyze the loss-of-control.


n September 14, 1990, in the Medical Intensive Care Unit of the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health, a 0 4-year-old girl with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome received an extraordinary blood transfusion: her own previously collected lymphocytes, modified in the laboratory by the insertion of a functioning gene that she lacked.' This seminal event, the first example of'lgene therapy" applied to a human disease, met with mixed reviews. The initial press reports were effusive. Newspapers and television commentators hailed the dawn of a new era of genetic cures for a wide range of diseases. The reception in knowledgeable scientific circles was somewhat more re~t ra ined .~ .~ Some 7 years later, despite the initiation of more than 100 clinical gene-insertion protocols, not a single unequivocal cure can be attributed to gene therapy, and few patients, if any, have benefited from this treatment alone. Has the sun set so quickly on the new era? The study of gene transduction4 in this issue of TRANSFUSION, the journal's first publication of original research relating to gene therapy, provides an opportunity for us to take a sober look at the progress of cellular gene therapy, its promises, prospects, and achievements. What is cellular gene therapy? The generally accepted definition is that gene therapy is a therapeutic technique in which a functioning gene is inserted ex vivo into somatic cells to correct an inborn genetic error or to provide some new function to the cell. The gene-modified cells, often selected from uncorrected mononuclear cells and expanded, are then transfused to the patient. Because the cellular targets are somatic cells, the genetic change does not affect the germline of the patient and is not transmitted to the patient's children. The target cells are gene-modified in the laboratory (exvivo); genes are not injected directly into the patient. Most applications seek to integrate the therapeutic gene into cellular DNA, so that the inserted gene will function for the life of the cell and in all the progeny of the corrected cell.The effects of gene insertion in terminally differentiated cells may be transient, while gene correction of a hematopoietic stem cell should persist for the life of the patient.


This paper reviews the application and development of phase change materials in wall, floor, concrete, points out its advantages and disadvantages, provides reference for phase change materials applied in practice.


The features of single-component cabin indicator systems for displaying secondary information are considered, and their optimum characteristics are studied for the first time to our knowledge. The possibilities of improving them are indicated. The influence of aspherization of the system on the image quality is investigated, along with how parallax distortions occur during observation.


W orld War II was a watershed in the articulation of political and ethnonational identities within the Soviet polity. The myth of the war became a point of departure in the self-identity and conduct of large segments of the population and the body politic, including those whose identity was allegedly shaped by the profound transformations of the Civil War, collectivization and industrialization. The experience of the war became a yardstick by which identity, meritocracy and status were measured throughout the Soviet polity, superimposing a new set of tropes onto prewar categories. Regardless of the general awareness of the mythical place that the war had come to occupy in the public and private spheres of Soviet society, the prevalent interpretation of the impact of the experience of the World War II on Soviet society and politics has been to marginalize it either as merely a continuation or as a temporal disruption of prewar structured policies. The primary voices in the Soviet historiographical discourse have argued for the primacy of socioeconomic structures and have subscribed to the view that the experiences of the 1920s and early 1930s constituted the formative and enduring moments in the Soviet polity.' Within the di-


In order to develop a screen-printable polyimide paste, the structures, properties, and ratios of three major paste components (filler, binder, and solvent) were studied, and a film-forming strategy was established. This strategy comprises a novel type of polyimide particle filler, which can be dissolved in the binder and the solvent under the curing condition. A screen-printable polyimide paste was developed using this strategy. This paste gives uniform film with better mechanical properties than conventional polyimide paste, which comprises an insoluble polyimide particle filler. The effect of the solubility parameter of the solvent on mask swelling and moisture resistance was also examined. It was also examined. It was found that a lactone with a solubility parameter value of 18 approximately 20 (MJ/m/sup 3/)/sup 1/2/ is suitable as a paste solvent. The paste affords uniform pinhole-free polyimide films with good mechanical properties. As the mask swelling is low, the lifetime of stencil is longer than that of conventional pastes.<<ETX>>


Due to the complexity of multi-phase flow (MPF) phenomena research in this area is largely based on experimentation using laboratory scale test loops. The design of multi-phase flow test facilities is quite involved and requires careful attention. First, the test rigs have to produce results that are valid or can be scaled to actual full scale systems. This demands that the system geometry and dimensions, the flow drivers (pumps and compressors), flow controls (flow meters, pressure regulators, etc.) and the flow measurement sensors (pressure, temperature, velocity, ..etc) have to be selected so that a wide range of flow conditions can be tested. For example, Jepson and Taylor (1993) stated that in order to mimic the flow mechanisms observed in large diameter pipes the size of the test pipe should be at least 7.5 cm (3") in diameter. Frequently, more than one size of the same device is used to ensure accurate reading and reduce the adjustments in control. For example, low, medium and high flow rate flow meters of the same type me be used and similarly for other devices such as pumps or pressure transducers. There are few large scale multiphase flow loops around the world and they serve in the research and development process and in testing different multiphase flow devices used in oil fields. An example of these flow loops is the inclinable large scale flow loop built by the SINTEF group in Norway that has 1000m pipe length, 4, 8, 12 inch pipe diameters, maximum liquid and gas rates are 450 and 1580 m3/h, respectively, with a maximum pressure of 90 bar. The SINTEF group built also a medium scale flow loop that has 200m pipe length, 69 cm pipe diameter, 55 m3/h and gas capacity of 875 Nm3/h with 7.5 bar pressure at the outlet. Another example of medium multiphase flow loop is the TUV-nel multiphase flow loop with its 60 m horizontal pipeline length and 10 m vertical pipeline length, maximum liquid and gas flow rates of 100 m3/h and 1500 m3/h, respectively, at a maximum pressure of 10 bar. The Norsk Hydro Multi Phase Flow Loop is a high pressure flow loop in which the pipe is 200 m long and 3 inch in diameter, and the maximum operating temperature and pressure are 140 C and 110 bar absolute, respectively. In addition to the large scale flow loops, small laboratory scale multiphase flow loops have been also used to study multiphase flow. These flow loops are attractive because of their relatively low cost, small space required and ease of operation. Their main drawback is the limited experiment test time which is affected by the generally smaller storage tanks of the single phase fluids. This drawback can be


The aim of this article is to study the story of the myth of Europe in various texts of ancient Rome and Greece, its most widespread and common conception, a...


Abstract This article is situated within the contemporary debates about the nature and purpose of China's growing power. It uses the concepts of "national interest" and "international responsibility" as a framework of analysis for Chinese foreign policy, and develops a three-dimensional typology to conceptualize their relationship (antagonistic; instrumental; mutually constitutive). This article adopts two main arguments. First, a stronger China is one gravitating toward greater notions of international responsibility, albeit instrumentally. Second, observable trends in China's evolving worldview indicate, however, that it is conceiving its national interests more broadly, embracing further socialization and greater normative commitments to international society. One may therefore view China's burgeoning global role as a great power with a degree of "cautious optimism."


Although single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a proven technique to determine the structure of monolayer-protected coinage metal clusters in solid state, it is not readily applicable to the characte...