The "science of complex systems" comprises many different kinds of systems. Moreover, there is no unique definition of a "complex system" so far, so one way to show it might be by introducing the work that it is associated with it. Therefore, this is an introduction to the accepted works presented at the "2011 Interdisciplinary Symposium on Complex Systems". The paper by O.E. Rössler introduces the concept of "cryodynamics", which can be looked at as a sister to thermodynamics demonstrated numerically. In the paper, the author also attempts to find a significant connection to cosmology. The work presented by R.L. Ricca attempts to review some of the most recent developments and results on energy-complexity relations obtained by structural complexity methods. D.L. Stein et al. review spin glasses and find a significant role for them in computer science, biology, and other fields. In addition, the authors discuss how spin glasses might lead to a kind of "new complexity". In their work, V.J. Law et al. analyze the acoustic moment of atmospheric pressure plasma and discuss novel results. N. Miyagawa et al. formulate the decomposition rules to express the global interactions as a superposition of local interactions which cannot be decomposed further. The paper by Y.-P. Gunji et al. describes the interaction of coherent swarms in a simulation model which implements nontrivial logical gates. The paper presented by J.M. Cole investigates the construction of molecular charge-transfer algorithms to search through a representative large set of organic chemicals in order to identify compounds that have the required structural attributes to act as highperformance dyes for DSCs.


The primary goal of image color correction is to minimize color confusion for those people who experience deficiencies in their ability to distinguish certain colors. When the colors in a particular image are converted so as to make them perceivable to color vision deficient people, most of the existing methods correct all the colors of the image instead of only the specific colors that are confused. When ordinary people view the images converted using such techniques, they experience a significant difference in perception. To solve this problem, this study investigates the color perception of color vision deficient people through analysis of confused color regions in images and proposes a new method that corrects the minimum number of color regions into optimal colors. For this purpose, the proposed method builds a confusion line database for colors confused by color vision deficient people using the CIEDE2000 color-difference formula and Brettel's method for simulation of color vision deficiency in the offline stage. In the online processing stage, regions are divided through the region growing technique, and the colors in the divided images are compared. When there exist confused colors by color vision deficient people, a method for finding the optimal color is proposed through the confusion line database. Furthermore, this study developed an optimization index to propose a method of finding such optimal colors and validated them through various tests. The excellence of the color correction results of this study was demonstrated based on an objective index as well as on participants' subjective visual perception through comparative experiments with other existing studies.


After information structure and the investment strategy sets have been described,this paper constructs a programming model used to solve the optimal relative performance contract.It is proved that under the contract that the constraints of the model can be satisfied,the strategy combination that the investors wish to see must form a Nash equilibrium in the managers' subgame.It is further indicated by the numerical example that this equilibrium often constitutes a dominant strategic equilibrium as long as the managers do not collaborate with each other.


A phosphor powder based on manganese-doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4:Mn), with an average particle size of less than 20 micrometres and a decay time of less than 7 ms. A production method is also provided and comprises mixing zinc oxide, silica and manganese sulphate in an aqueous medium, drying the mixture and curing it at 1200-1400 DEG C. Said phosphor is suitable for use in cathode ray tubes.


The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is one of the two topmost economically important insect pests in Swedish conifer forests. The damage increase in areas were the silvicultural practice is to us ...


Technological innovation is essential for organizations that want to gain relevance in the market in which they act whether it is educational or business. To grow and stand out, an organization needs to innovate. Innovation allows them to gain a significant competitive advantage, especially when it comes to technology. At present there is great development of new technologies that transform the environment, which stimulates the investment in technological innovation. The constant need to invest in technology is the result of a competitive and globalized market that demands quality, efficiency, better products, services and processes. Innovation differentiates research groups and companies; increases market share, profitability and the level of employment and income; adds value to products and services; broadens the relationship with new markets, opens doors to new partnerships and new knowledge and even improves the position in the market. Given this, Minas Gerais is ahead due to the interest of researchers and professionals, as well as incentive due to the existing demand. *Correspondence to: Fernando de Pilla Varotti, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil, Tel: 5537991360377; E-mail: email@example.com ; firstname.lastname@example.com


The present invention relates to a binding of rotor blades of a turbomachine comprising projections (2) extending in the circumferential direction (3) are pairwise rigidly connected to a rotor blade and in each case via a pressure body (7) at the adjacent neck (2) are supported. Each pressure member (7) has, on a holding side (8) of a retaining contour (10) which projects into a recess (11) of the associated lug (2) and is supported therein. Each pressure member (7) has, on a support face (9) on a flat support surface (13), which is supported on a flat counter-support surface (14) of the adjacent lug (2) surface. In order to improve the support even at different angles of rotation of the lugs (2), the retaining contour (10) of the pressure body (7) is formed as a spherical segment. The associated receptacle (11) is likewise formed as a spherical segment, whose radius (R) is equal to the radius (R) of the ball portion of the support contour (10).


AbstractA fundamental aspect of the observed ENSO is the positive asymmetry between its two phases: the strongest El Nino is stronger than the strongest La Nina. The nonlinear term in the equation for the surface ocean heat budget has been theorized as a cause of the asymmetry. This theory is challenged by the diversity of asymmetry among the CMIP5 models: these models all employ primitive equations and thus have the nonlinear term in the heat budget equation for the ocean surface, yet the asymmetry simulated by these models ranges from significantly negative to significantly positive. Here, the authors employ an analytical but nonlinear model—a model that simulates the observed ENSO asymmetry—to show that the nonlinear heating term does not guarantee the oscillation in the system to possess positive asymmetry. Rather, the system can have regimes with negative, zero, and positive asymmetry. The regime in which the system finds itself depends on a multitude of physical parameters. Moreover, the range of ce...


We consider a multi-relay system where the best single relay is selected to assist transmissions. We study the performance bound of the system in the finite blocklength regime. On the one hand, we extend Polyanskiy's finite blocklength model of a single-hop scenario to the considered relaying system and derive the corresponding achievable throughput. On the other hand, by employing a practical coding scheme, namely polar codes, a finite blocklength performance bound attainable by a low-complexity coding scheme is provided. Through simulation and numerical investigations, we show the appropriateness of the proposed bounds. Moreover, we evaluate both the achievable performance with finite blocklengths and the performance of polar codes in the best single relay scenario in comparison to direct transmission.


A mathematical model for enhancing the torsional stability of a slender, tapered, composite wind turbine blade is presented. The increase of the stability boundary is measured by maximization of the critical wind speed at which failure may occur by aeroelastic divergence in parked-turbine state. The total structural mass of the blade is kept constant in order not to violate other economic and performance requirements. Exact analytical method is developed for blades made of cross-ply lay-up carbon/epoxy composites. The blade structural model is represented by uniform panels, each of which has different length, wall thickness, and volume fractions of the constituent materials of construction. Useful design charts for good blade configurations are given for cases of two and three panels. Results demonstrate the effects of blade taper, wall thickness and fiber volume fraction on the functional behavior of the critical wind speed. Key-Words: Wind energyWind turbine bladesComposite materials – Stability – Optimization.


The call for more copyright legislation and enforcement is controversial. It requires more state regulation and potentially undermines public values, economic efficiency, and fundamental rights. This seems the way forward because creative industries and governments frame copyright as an ordinary property right. This accords with pre-digital business models: business models based generally on exclusive and rival tokens (a token is an instance of a type or idea—thus, the idea of a chair is a type, whereas each individual chair in the world is a token) of expressions. Since new technologies have made those tokens in many cases obsolete, maintaining the copyright frame troubles the discussion. If we look at copyright as just a use or access right, we might better achieve what copyright was originally intended to do: provide remuneration to artists and allow access to culture and entertainment to the public. Access rights might be a more suitable approach, as Internet trends point toward access to information and because business models concerning access seem to achieve this dual objective of copyright. The harms done by the non-exclusivity and non-rivalness of expressions are an input cost we have to take into account, instead of a signal of market failure. That input cost might very well be high, but benefits are made in other areas and this market shift does not require the same infringement of fundamental values and rights, so it at least merits our attention and research. As transaction costs for digital goods are low, barriers to entry decrease, which could allow for a free and diverse market, if balanced appropriately with regulatory regimes.


INTRODUCTION: Bright-blood coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has shown great potential for non-invasive assessment of intraluminal coronary artery disease, however angiography provides minimal information on the magnitude of underlying atherosclerotic plaque. Recent MSCT [1] and IVUS [2] studies have shown that the underlying lesion in patients with ACS demonstrates extensive outward remodelling as well as CT and echo attenuation compared to those with stable angina [3]. In addition, plaque burden was found to be a good predictor for future coronary events [4]. These findings suggest that direct plaque visualization may have potential to identify patients with a high risk of future coronary events and thus may help to better guide therapy. Black-blood MRI techniques have been successfully applied to visualize the vessel wall of the aorta and coronary arteries [5][6][7]. The main limitation of theses techniques is that they rely on blood flow. In this work we present a flow-independent MR vessel wall technique based on the differences in T2 relaxation time of arterial blood and surrounding tissues using a T2prep prepulse [8]. METHODS: The main characteristic of the T2prep prepulse is that it increases contrast between arterial blood and myocardium (and vessel wall) based on their T2 differences (T2arterial blood=250, T2myocardium=50ms). Signal from tissues with a shorter T2 relaxation time decay faster while signal from tissues with longer T2 will be maintained. Because arterial blood has a long T2, its signal only decays slowly while signal of muscle and the vessel wall decays more rapidly. Subtraction of two data sets, one obtained with T2prep(+) and another without T2prep(-) allows nulling the signal of arterial blood while maintaining the signal of muscle and vessel wall (Figure 1). The dynamic-T2prep pulse sequence (Figure 2, dyn1=T2prep(+), dyn2=T2prep(-)) was implemented on a 3T Achieva Gyroscan MR scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, NL) equipped with a 32 channel receiver coil. A simulation of the longitudinal magnetization after subtraction for different tissues and for different T2prep durations (TEff) is shown in Figure 3. The maximum contrast between muscle and arterial blood is reached at TEff = 60 ms; Figure 3d shows the expected contrast between arterial blood, vessel wall (muscle) and epicardial fat in subtracted images. RESULTS: We successfully applied the dynamic-T2prep in four healthy volunteers and obtained black blood vessel wall images of the aortic, carotid and left coronary artery vessel wall. Representative images of the carotid (Figure 4), aortic and coronary vessel wall of direct and weighted subtractions are shown in Figure 5. The weighting factor was adjusted to null the residual magnetization in arterial blood as demonstrated in Figure 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a new approach for flow-independent vessel wall imaging. Our initial results show good delineation of the vessel wall in the great vessels and some motion sensitivity due to subtraction in the coronary arteries. Ongoing work will address the issue of bulk motion sensitivity. REFERENCES: [1] Motoyama S JACC 2009 [2] Wu X Am J Cardiol 2010 [3] Conti CR Clin Cardiol 2010 [4] Kubo T JACC 2009 [5] Fayad ZA Circulation 2000 [6] Botnar RM Circulation 2000 [7] Kim WY Circulation 2002 [8] Brittain JH MRM 1995


In order to solve the defect of traditional method based on accumulate pulse proflle process X-ray pulse signal from Pulsar, this paper changes the measurement of the X-ray pulsar signal delay to the matching between standard pulse signal proflle and the actual measured value. At flrst, Obtain pulsar standard signal proflle function by artiflcial neural network, and then the particle fllter algorithm is used to online estimate the pulsar signal delay time of observation. Secondly, To solve the sample impoverishment phenomenon of standard particle fllter, an improved particle fllter was designed and proved, which does not exist the degradation phenomena, and has high adaptive ability. Finally, because of the special features of the system, the function which indicates the output value precision is derived, and it can provide a reference for spacecraft navigation strategy. The comparisons of the new fllter and standard fllter illustrate the new fllter has better adaptability and higher accuracy.


It has been reported by many workers that acid-fast bacilli produce large quantities o£ riboflavin and as it has also been stated that diaphorase, which is considered a flavin enzyme is shown by the murine leprosy bacillus, it was assume that riboflavin would be present in the murine leprosy bacillus but examination of the difference spectrum of cytochromes of murine leprosy bacillus revealed the absence of an absorption band equivalent to riboflavin. In order to clarify this discrepancy, quantitative determinations of riboflavin of murine leprosy bacillus was attempted and noteworthy results were obtained. The lumiflavin method of Yagi et al. was followed, and the riboflavin content of a heated extract of murine leprosy bacilli was measured. The riboflavin content of 1.0g of dried murine leprosy bacillus was 7.5*g and about 1/10 that of rapid grower acid-fast bacilli and about 12.5 that of BCG. The results show that the greater rate of proliferation of the bacillus, the higher was the riboflavin content and the speed of proliferation is in direct proportion to the quantity of riboflavin. The presence of FAD in the heat extract of murine leprosy bacilli was proven with FAD-free D-amino acid oxidase but quantitative determination was not possible. Quantitative determination of FAD arid FMN was attempted on an extract prepared with cold TCA according to Bessey's method but FAD could not be found in murine leprosy bacilli though a equal volum to that obtained with the lumiflavin method was verified with acid-fast bacilli grown in the test tube. In other words, the FAD of murine leprosy bacillus is not extractable with cold TCA. Similar to succinic dehydrogenase, enzyme protein and FAD are firmly bound in this flavin enzyme and the two are not easily separated, and FAD moreover has lost the character of spontaneous oxidation. It is suggested that FAD is present in this form in the murine leprosy bacillus so that it is not extracted by cold TCA and as it is not converted to the oxidized form by aeration in air, it is not revealed in the difference spectrum between oxidation and reduction. It is believed that the electron-transport stops at the stage of flavin enzyme in the murine leprosy bacillus which is lacking in cytochromes. Since the flavin enzyme o£ murine leprosy bacillus have not the ability of spontaneous oxidation, energy production will not occur so long as there is no mechanism for oxidizing this reduced form of flavin. In order to grow murine leprosy bacillus in vitro, it is believed that a method which will oxidize this reduced form flavin enzyme is required. (we are partially indebted to the aid of WHO's fund. Prof. S. Nishimura)


The research on which this paper is based is a response to the UNESCO directive for the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) 2005–2014. Educators are advised to prepare young people for sustainable development and global citizenship and the Arts should be included in programmes in ESD. This paper presents an overview of a research project based on the hypothesis that educational drama might be a useful medium for teaching and learning in environmental, sustainable development and global citizenship education. Central to the project, an ethnographic case study employing a multi‐case approach, based on three research questions, was a series of drama–ESD lessons, taught to three classes of 10–11 year old children in three primary schools in the West of Scotland. Data were gathered using a range of instruments: interviews; observation schedules; pupil evaluations; research‐practitioner reflective field notes; and video‐recordings of the lessons. This paper presents a summary of the results of the extensive, multi‐dimensional analysis of the data, in terms of the pedagogical themes that began to emerge. The final section of the paper suggests that there are many pedagogical approaches common to educational drama and ESD and that, indeed, a range of dramatic techniques and conventions can be an important addition to the repertoire of active learning approaches employed by the ESD educator.


The present paper analyzes the causes to breakout of the continuous casting machine in the No.1 Steel-making Plant of Rizhao Iron Steel Co.,Ltd.,including the equipment,process parameters,compositions of molten steel,mould powder performance and operating condition.The corresponding measures have been taken and good effect achieved,and the average breakout rate of caster has been reduced to below 0.3%.


Blenko Glass Company, Inc. remains one of the few glass factories in the United States still making modern hand blown production glass. Over 675 color photographs of Blenko glass (courtesy of Blenko Visitors' Center Museum, the Huntington Museum of Art, and private collections), detailed captions, information on the designers, the 1960 catalog (not previously published), bibliography, and index make this book a valuable reference.


THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL Society has named two new editors to the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Gunda I. Georg, head of the department of medicinal chemistry at the University of Minnesota's College of Pharmacy, in Minneapolis, and Shaomeng Wang, professor of medicine, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, will assume leadership of the journal in January 2012. They will share the role currently filled by Philip S. Portoghese, distinguished professor in the department of medicinal chemistry in the University of Minnesota's College of Pharmacy, who will retire from the journal at the end of the year after serving as its editor-in-chief for 40 years. "Under the leadership of Professor Portoghese, the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry has become the most-cited international journal for the publication of original medicinal chemistry research," Georg says. "This is an extraordinary achievement." Wang echoes this point, calling Portoghese "a true legend in the field of medi...


Dynamical scaling is an asymptotic property typical for the dynamics of first-order phase transitions in physical systems and related to self-similarity. Based on the integral-representation for the marginal probabilities of a fractional non-homogeneous Poisson process introduced by Leonenko et al. (2017) and generalising the standard fractional Poisson process, we prove the dynamical scaling under fairly mild conditions. Our result also includes the special case of the standard fractional Poisson process.


Targeting the industrial structure of Shanxi province,which is dominated by high energy-consuming industries,and analyzing the status quo of the energy consumption,this paper focuses on studying the high energy-consuming industries and energy-consumption levels of the related products of the province. In line with the energy-saving target and its allocations in different industries as stipulated in the 11th Five-Year Development Plan of the province,the paper gives a prediction of the development trend of the high energy-consuming industries and an analysis of the key points for energy-saving,thus presenting some useful references to the energy-saving work.


Colonic myo-/fibroblasts (MFs) are cells of mesenchymal origin in a healthy gut are among the key players in the mucosal tolerance that involve MF-restricted MyD88 signaling. MFs and macrophages interact in colonic tissue. However, the mechanisms of MF mediated regulation of macrophages under intestinal mucosal tolerance has emerging evidence. We hypothesized that MF-restricted MyD88 signaling regulates macrophage maturation under colonic mucosal tolerance.

 RNAseq, qRT-PCR, H&E, and flow cytometry was used for analysis of colonic tissue/cell derived from B6ACTA2CreMyD88fl/fl, B6Col1a2CreMyD88fl/fl and B6RagCol1a2CreMyD88fl/fl MF-specific conditional KO mice.

 MF-specific deletion of MyD88 in vivo resulted in the development of microcolitis and was associated with dysbiotic decrease in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes bacterial ratio, a hallmark of intestinal inflammation. This process was associated with the increase in colonic expression of genes linked to the inflammatory activity of myeloid cells and accumulation of immature monocyte-derived macrophages. In vitro deletion of MyD88 from MFs (isolated from MF-specific MyD88 conditional KO mice) resulted in changes of basal and TLR4 mediated pathways involved in myeloid cell migration/maturation and inflammation. Using MF-macrophage co-cultures we demonstrated the MF-restricted MyD88 signaling suppresses myeloid cell inflammatory activity.

 Intrinsic MyD88 signaling within colonic mesenchymal cells is critical to control myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory activity under mucosal tolerance in the gut.
 Supported by CTSA/TL1 5TL1TR001440-04 UTMB Institute for Translational Science and R01 DK103150 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.


The physical layer in optical networks is a set of transparent optical circuits — light-paths (LP)s — that has been extensively shown as reliably approximated by additive white and Gaussian noise channels. Noise sources setting the LP generalized SNR (GSNR) are the ASE noise from amplifiers, the nonlinear interference (NLI) from the Kerr effect and crosstalk from ROADMs. Coherent transceivers can be effectively modeled by the back-to-back characterization by defining the GSNR thresholds. We will describe the physics behind such approximation including the statistical impairments due the PMD, PDL and filtering penalties, and other uncertainties. Then, we will show how the physical layer digital twin (PHY-DT) that integrates the transmission impairment models can be exploited to reliably evaluate the QoT, latency and energy consumption on the topology. Finally, we will comment on the possible use of the PHY-DT as vendor neutral planning tool for disaggregated infrastructure and as on-line service within the multi-layer hierarchical controller. The optical devices controller can be separated from the optical circuit deployment, so enabling multi-vendor networks. We will also comment on the synergistic use of AI&ML techniques assisting the PHY-DT.


The pace of product development is increasing. It is important to keep high quality in theproducts even though the time for product development decreases. Those companies whichcan utilize previous ...


The purpose of this study was to determine the preferred mode of interaction of generation Z. There are four novelties: (1) To understand the percentage of students who prefer social media as a medium of social interaction, (2) To know the percentage of students who prefer face-to-face interaction, (3) To comprehend what medium do they prefer to use when they are discussing their courtship involvement, academic matters, personal issues, interpersonal relational conflicts, sex-related matters, and (4) To know the reasons for students' preference in terms of mode of Interaction. The study used a mixed-method approach, employed explanatory design, and used simple random sampling in choosing the 76 respondents/participants from the Sultan Kudarat State University (SKSU) students. A survey and an interview were conducted to compare face-to-face interaction and social media interaction as the primary mode of interaction. The results showed that 60 students prefer face-to-face interaction over 76 students, with a frequency of 78.94% out of 100%. It is concluded that most of the students prefer face-to-face social interaction rather than social media. This study has an impact on Generation Z, as it serves as a realization of their social activeness in interaction as well as on the community. Also, it will help society understand how Generation Z compares to other generations by being the generation most affected by technology and its rapidly evolving form of communication, as well as the loss of their ability to communicate.


The financial environment flow of funds and taxation finance and accounting investment appraisal, basic methods, further topics capital rationing and risk analysis in imperfect capital markets corporate strategy and high-technology investments introduction to risk and return portfolio theory and capital asset pricing model capital budgeting and the asset pricing model introduction to derivatives and option theory stock markets and equity share capitals stock market efficiency long-term debt finance share price valuation and the cost of capital short- and medium-term sources of finance the dividend decision gearing and company cost of capital financial planning financial planning cash and interest-rate management foreign exchange markets management of debtors management of inventory mergers and acquisitions company restructuring, refinancing and liquidation international financial management small business finance.


We consider a two-machine scheduling problem with a learning effect and the objective to minimize the schedule length. Jobs are preemptable but only preemption of a single job is allowed. We present basic properties of this problem and an enumerative algorithm for its exact solution.


With the publication of Las condiciones materiales de la libertad, Daniel Raventós stresses the normative defense of basic income as a way to bestow material independence upon all citizens. This project is shown as an attempt to convey into contemporary world the political aspirations of 17th and 18th Century revolutionary democratic republicanism and, later, those of the main body of the socialist tradition, that is: to extirpate the roots of all those asymmetries of power that permeate social life and to put a break on all forms of dispossession of those material conditions that are needed by Revista Latinoamericana de Filosofía, Vol. XXXIV No 1 (Otoño 2008) 137-154 EN TORNO A LAS CONDICIONES MATERIALES DE LA LIBERTAD: LA RENTA BÁSICA COMO FUNDAMENTO DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL.*


Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that is thought to play a major role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of thyroid cells. However, little is known of its detailed mechanisms of action in thyrocytes. We have therefore studied the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1 action on thyroglobulin (TG) gene expression by focusing our attention on TGF-β1 regulation of thyroid-specific transcription factors. TGF-β1 decreased TG messenger RNA (mRNA) expression both in the presence and in the absence of TSH in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Transfected into FRTL-5 cells, the activity of reporter plasmids containing the rat TG promoter ligated to a luciferase gene was significantly suppressed by the addition of TGF-β1. When the nuclear extracts prepared from TGF-β1-treated FRTL-5 cells were used in gel mobility shift assays, the amount of protein-DNA complex formed by Pax-8 was reduced, both in the presence and in the absence of TSH, but protein-DNA complexes formed by thyroid tra...


The omega (ω) statistic is reputed to be one of the best indices for detecting answer copying on multiple choice tests, but its performance relies on the accurate estimation of copier ability, which is challenging because responses from the copiers may have been contaminated. We propose an algorithm that aims to identify and delete the suspected copied responses through probability sampling and bootstrapping. In doing so, the bias in copier ability estimation will be determined and used to update the ability estimate for calculating the modified omega (ωm), a new statistic based on the ω. The performance of ωm and ω were compared in a Monte Carlo simulation study under 40 typical testing conditions (2 test lengths x 4 sample sizes x 5 levels of copying). In almost all conditions, the ωm had the same or better controlled Type I error and higher power than ω. The increase in power was particularly eminent when the source's estimated ability was higher than the copier and when 20% or 30% of items were copied. These findings support the use of the ωm as a replacement of ω to detect answer copying in multiple choice exams.


The bibliographic material on subjects relating to tonsils and adenoids which has appeared in the past twelvemonth indicates an increasing interest in the more profound and scientific phases of the subject. The platitudinous paper, while still in evidence, is less conspicuous, and the list of instruments designed for the improvement of operations is falling off. A renewed interest in the physiology of the tonsil is manifested by such observers as di Donato, Luscher and Viggo Schmidt. Kaiser continues his observations on large numbers of school children. In a late issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association he brings a study of the end-results of tonsillectomy in a series of 1,200 children to bear on the question of indications. His work is of sufficient interest to justify the quotation of his conclusions in full. Based on an analysis of the complaints of twelve hundred children with the results


Porous ZnO films modified with Eu3+ ions were fabricated by electrodeposition and their optical properties were investigated. The porous ZnO films were cathodically electrodeposited in a bath containing eosin Y (EY) dye molecules and the surface of ZnO was modified with Eu3+ ions. Photoluminescence (PL) peaks due to the intra-4f transitions of Eu3+ ions were clearly observed. From the PL excitation (PLE) spectra, it was found that the Eu3+ ions are mainly excited from photoexcited ligands, though another excitation process remains unidentified. Furthermore, the absorption peak energy of the porous ZnO observed in PLE as well as diffuse reflection spectra was 90 meV higher than the A exciton energy of bulk crystals. This energy shift was attributed to the opposing influence of the Burstein–Moss and many-body effects.


Due to increasing demand of energy and limitation of non-renewable energy resources, the need of using renewable energy sources is increasing very rapidly. The three-phase self excited Induction Generator are very useful for generating power by use of non-renewable resources. The paper presents the analysis of SEIG by using artificial intelligence technique which states that at certain value of speed there are a set of voltage, frequency and magnetizing reactance predicted by the ANN. ANN model is trained by different set of data obtained from simulation of machine using a suitable MATLAB program. The comparison of calculated and predicted data confirms the validity and accuracy of the ANN based model. KeywordsArtificial Neural network, Self-excited induction generator, magnetizing reactance, MATLAB


This panel is sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Group on Professional Communications. It is intended as an open discussion; we are restricting ourselves to technical composition and especially the problem of the composition of mathematics. I am going to ask each of our panelists to make a few statements about their views of "the problem." When these are complete, we expect and hope that you will participate in the discussion. Today's objectives are to add (possibly) one more straw to the pile, in the hope that someone, somewhere, someday will be able to set a page of mathematics for $10 "as it used to be."


The feasibility study to use high NA ArF lithography for 70 nm process development was done. After intensive simulation works, new forbidden-itch behavior of alternating PSM in low k1 imaging was found out. This forbidden pitch due to extremely small MEF and OPE of alternating PSM at small (sigma) . In order understand the mechanism and behavior of the forbidden-pitch, simulation and experiment were done as function of critical parameters of NA, (sigma) and wavelength. Solution to control forbidden-pitch for low k1 imaging of 70 nm has been address as critical item which needs to be overcome.


High volume manufacturing with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography requires mask induced overlay errors of less than 1.5nm for the N7 node. The use of electrostatic chucking and reflective optics causes the reticle backside flatness and reticle thickness to directly affect the placement of the pattern at wafer through both in-plane (IPD) and out of plane distortions (OPD). The minimization of reticle flatness alleviates some of the image placement distortion caused by the reticle's shape, however to be within the image placement error budget, N7 EUV blanks must have flatness <16nm p-v. With the manufacturing challenges associated with generating such flat blanks, compensation may be an option for imaging improvements; such methodologies will likely be essential for EUV to meet the stringent image placement and overlay specifications needed for high volume manufacturing (HVM).
Numerous compensation approaches can be utilized to minimize flatness related image placement errors including write compensation of the reticle, feed forward of reticle flatness data to the scanner corrections, and high-order empirical scanner corrections. This study investigates the benefits and limitations of each of these approaches, and seeks to better define which types of errors can be compensated and which will need further reticle flatness development in order to meet N7 and N5 specifications. Additionally, attention is given to the reticle's shape as it relates to the limitations to the depth of focus required within the scanner systems. Utilizing an array of substrates and blanks from different vendors, we provide an assessment on which type of compensation method is most effective for addressing the various topographies for each specific reticle, and further explore for which node such schemes may be necessary.
This investigation seeks to provide a guide for the industry to work towards the implementation of functional tolerances related to both the compensation scheme used in manufacturing, and the reticle's resulting non-correctable flatness (residual).


A study examined basic reading skills among men in prison, comparing poor and adequate readers with respect to comprehension, decoding, short-term memory, and speech perception. Subjects, 88 inmates of normal intelligence, normal hearing, and no significant speech abnormalities, at a minimum-security prison, were given reading comprehension tests and tests of listening perception. Subjects were divided into poor readers (less than sixth grade reading level) and adequate readers (greater than sixth grade level). Results indicated that poor readers were surprisingly uniform; they differed from good ones on several cognitive and linguistic measures. Results also indicated that among poor readers, the best predictors of comprehension are decoding and short-term memory and that poor readers have a hidden deficit in that they are more affected by noise when trying to perceive familiar spoken words. Findings suggest that adult poor readers strongly resemble poor readers in elementary school in the areas of short-term memory and decoding skills. (Seven tables and 7 figures of data are included; 34 references are attached.) (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best trait can be made from the original document. Adults who read Ifice children: the psycholinguistic bases Charles Read Departments of English and Linguistics Center for Education Research University of Wisconsin Madison A Final Report to United States Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement Grant no. 0008710016 1987-1988 Abstract We studied basic reading skills among men in prison comparing poor and adequate readers with respect to comprehension, decoding, short -term memory, and speech perception, along with nonverbal abilities and other background factors. Poor readers were surprisingly uniform; they differed from good ones on several cognitive and linguistic measures. Among poor readers, the best predictor of comprehension is decoding, and the best other predictor of decoding is short -term memory. Some men's memories may well have been affected by alcohol and drug abuse, but that is not what distinguishes good from poor readers. In perceiving familiar spoken words, the poor readers have a hidden deficit: they are more affected by noise. However, this difference does not predict reading skills. The key differences between poor and adequate readers appear to be in short-term memory and decoding skill, consistent with one view of reading processes. In these respects, our adult poor Leaders strongly rerenble poor readers in elementary school.We studied basic reading skills among men in prison comparing poor and adequate readers with respect to comprehension, decoding, short -term memory, and speech perception, along with nonverbal abilities and other background factors. Poor readers were surprisingly uniform; they differed from good ones on several cognitive and linguistic measures. Among poor readers, the best predictor of comprehension is decoding, and the best other predictor of decoding is short -term memory. Some men's memories may well have been affected by alcohol and drug abuse, but that is not what distinguishes good from poor readers. In perceiving familiar spoken words, the poor readers have a hidden deficit: they are more affected by noise. However, this difference does not predict reading skills. The key differences between poor and adequate readers appear to be in short-term memory and decoding skill, consistent with one view of reading processes. In these respects, our adult poor Leaders strongly rerenble poor readers in elementary school. Adults of Low Literacy, page


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Cycads are regarded as an ancient lineages of living seed plants, and hold important clues to understand the early evolutionary trends of seed plants. The molecular phylogeny and spatio-temporal diversification of one of the species-rich genera of cycads, Macrozamia, has not been well reconstructed.

METHODS
We analyzed a transcriptome dataset of 4,740 single-copy nuclear genes (SCGs) of 39 Macrozamia species and two outgroup taxa. Based on concatenated (Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood) and multispecies coalescent analyses, we first establish a well-resolved phylogenenetic tree of Macrozamia. To identify cyto-nuclear incongruence, the plastid protein coding genes (PCGs) from transcriptome data are extracted using software HybPiper. Furthermore, we explore the biogeographic history of the genus and shed light on the pattern of floristic exchange between three distinct areas of Australia. Six key diagnostic characters are traced on the phylogenetic framework using two comparative methods, and infra-generic classification is investigated.

KEY RESULTS
The tree topologies of concatenated and multi-species coalescent analyses of SCGs are mostly congruent with a few conflicting nodes, while those from plastid PCGs show poorly supported relationships. The genus contains three major clades that corresponds to their distinct distributional areas in Australia. The crown group of Macrozamia is estimated to around 11.80 Ma, with a major expansion in the last 5-6 Myr. Six morphological characters show homoplasy, and traditional phenetic sectional division of the genus is inconsistent with this current phylogeny.

CONCLUSIONS
This first detailed phylogenetic investigation of Macrozamia demonstrates promising prospects of SCGs in resolving phylogenetic relationships within cycads. Our study suggests that Macrozamia, once a widely distributed in Australia, underwent major extinctions because of fluctuating climatic conditions such as cooling and mesic biome disappearance in the past. The current close placement of morphologically distinct species in the phylogenetic tree may be related to neotenic events that occurred in the genus.


Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is currently developing the injector of a heavy ion beam driver for the inertial confinement fusion program. The first phase of the program is to accelerate about 20 mA of Xe/sup +1/ from a 1.5 MV preaccelerator 11.4 MeV in a low-beta RF linac. The first section of the linac utilizes a single harmonic buncher and independently-phased short linac resonators with a FODO magnetic quadrupole focusing lattice. These are followed by two double-stub Wideroee linacs. A layout of the linac up to 6.4 MeV is shown. The operating parameters of the low-beta linac are given. This paper gives details of the low-beta linac design and results of low power measurements on the first accelerating cavity.


Why should wait for some days to get or receive the last frontier australia wide book that you order? Why should you take it if you can get the faster one? You can find the same book that you order right here. This is it the book that you can receive directly after purchasing. This last frontier australia wide is well known book in the world, of course many people will try to own it. Why don't you become the first? Still confused with the way?


Different carbon emissions constraints have an effect on the site selection of supply chain network design and the selection of factory environmental protection level. In consideration of the environmental investment decision,network selection and routing selection,a multi- products and bi- objectives mixed- integer programming model,which targets in the minimum of total operation cost and carbon emissions in production and transit,is constructed with different demand scenario and demand uncertainty. A scenario- based algorithm is designed with e restriction method. The proposed model and algorithm are verified by the example.


Populations of aquatic organisms appear to be self-limiting (Rose, 1957, 1959, 1960). Breder and Coates (1932) have shown for the guppy, Lebistes reticulatus, that 5.5-liter aquaria would support 9 adult fish. This was their final number whether they started with one or 50. Once nine had become adult, even though more were born, no more could survive to adulthood. Apparently young guppies grew up only as replacements for older ones that died. Shoemaker (1944) repeating the observations found that a steady state is reached but that in time the numbers drop off from the plateau. After two years a new cycle of population growth began. Breder and Coates believed, but did not demonstrate, that population was controlled only by infanticide. The data presented in the present paper indicate that both the production and survival of guppies decrease as numbers of adults increase.


Concerning the Hilbert sixteenth problem by Yu. Ilyashenko and S. Yakovenko Finite cyclicity of elementary polycycles in generic families by Yu. Ilyashenko and S. Yakovenko Desingularization in families of analytic differential equations by S. Trifonov Order of the topologically sufficient jet of a smooth vector field on the real plane at a singular point of finite multiplicity by O. Kleban On few-parameter generic families of vector fields on the two-dimensional sphere by A. Kotova and V. Stanzo A geometric proof of the Bautin theorem by S. Yakovenko.


A new tube with modified external wall is studied for falling film evaporator. The working fluid to be heated and evaporated flows on a helicoidally fin, which is formed on the outside wall of a vertical circular tube. The hydrodynamic study allows to distinct four regimes of streaming film and to evaluate average thickness according to the mass flow of the film and to the axial slope of the helicoidally fin. Simple models of different regimes are also presented. The thermal performances are evaluated at the same time for global heat exchanger and for half heat exchanger (fin-film) during the heating test. The convection coefficients and the heights of transfer unit are determined according to the flow rate film and to the axial slopes. The comparison of the different spirals fins tubes and the smooth tube are used global and partial criterion like convection coefficient and height of transfer unit. Partial criteria show a compromise between increased surface and high convection coefficient. The compromise is found by using double spirally fin with strong slope which is placed on parallel outside wall of a circular tube. His thermal performance, like height of transfer unit, is better compared of those of the others spiral fin tubes and the smooth tube.


Since the first bidirectional deep learning model for natural language understanding, BERT, emerged in 2018, researchers have started to study and use pretrained bidirectional autoencoding or autoregressive models to solve language problems. In this project, I conducted research to fully understand BERT and XLNet and applied their pretrained models to two language tasks: reading comprehension (RACE) and part-of-speech tagging (The Penn Treebank). After experimenting with those released models, I implemented my own version of ELECTRA, a pretrained text encoder as a discriminator instead of a generator to improve compute-efficiency, with BERT as its underlying architecture. To reduce the number of parameters, I replaced BERT with ALBERT in ELECTRA and named the new model, ALE (A Lite ELECTRA). I compared the performance of BERT, ELECTRA, and ALE on GLUE benchmark dev set after pretraining them with the same datasets for the same amount of training FLOPs.


Rocks r a n g i n g in age from P r e c a m b r i a n t h ro u g h L a t e J u r a s s i c a r e p r e s e n t a lo n g t h e B e a r t b o t h Mounta in f r o n t between E m ig r a n t Gulch and M i l l C r e e k . The Midd le Cambrian s t r a t a have been i n t r u d e d by a s i l l  l i k e p l u t o n o f d a c i t i c magma which p o s s i b l y caused u p t h r u s t i n g and warp i n g o f t h e o v e r l y i n g s e d i m e n t a r y s e q u e n c e . The c r y s t a l l i z e d magma i s c o n c e n t r a t e d a t t h e p o i n t o f c onve rgence o f t h e M i l l Creek f a u l t z o n e , t h e Cooke C i t y z o n e , and t h e Deep Creek f a u l t s u g g e s t i n g a cause and e f f e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p . ' U p l i f t o f t h e w es t f l a n k o f t h e B e a r t o o t h m a s s i f i s a t t r i b u t e d t o ■ r a n g e f r o n t movement a lo n g t h e Deep Creek f a u l t , t h e t r a c e o f which i s p o s t u l a t e d t o be b u r i e d b e n e a t h a l l u v i u m and g l a c i a l d e p o s i t s on the v a l l e y f l o o r w i t h i n t h e map a r e a . I t s p r e s e n c e i s i m p l i e d by s p r i n g s and t r a v e r t i n e d e p o s i t s i n the . Chico v i c i n i t y and by r e c e n t s c a r p s p r o j e c t i n g i n t o t h e map a r e a a lo n g t h e m oun ta in f r o n t . T e r t i a r y s e d im e n t s on t h e v a l l e y f l o o r a t Wanigan were d a t e d as l a t e Miocene e a r l y ■P l i o c e n e and c o r r e l a t e d w i t h s i m i l a r d e p o s i t s of t h a t age f i v e m i l e s t o t h e s o u th a t White C l i f f s . W is c o n s in g l a c i a l f e a t u r e s c o v e r a p r e W i s c o n s i n t o p o g ra p h y of c o n s i d e r a b l e r e l i e f on t h e v a l l e y f l o o r and i n c l u d e two outwash p l a i n s and two p iedm ont t e r m i n a l m o r a i n e s o f d i f f e r e n t a g e s . A n a l y s e s of p r e  s e r v a t i o n o f t h e s e g l a c i a l f e a t u r e s , w e a t h e r i n g o f d e b r i s , s o i l p r o f i l e d e v e lo p m e n t , s t r a t i g r a p h i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s , and p h y s i o g r a p h i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n d i c a t e a t l e a s t two W is c o n s in p iedmont g l a c i a l a d v a n c e s . However, e v i d e n c e f o r c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h " s t a n d a r d " B u l l Lake and P i n e d a l e sub s t a g e s i s i n c o n c l u s i v e . The p o s t g l a c i a l h i s t o r y of t h e v a l l e y i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by r e  c u r r e n t s t r u c t u r a l movement a lo n g th e m o u n ta in f ront* and s p o r a d i c down c u t t i n g and l a t e r a l e r o s i o n by th e Y e l lo w s to n e R i v e r and i t s t r i b u t a r i e s . vi GENERAL GEOLOGY AND GE (MORPHOLOGY OF IHE EMIGRANT GULCHMILL CREEK AREA, PARK COUNTY, MONTANA INTRODUCTION G e o g r a p h ic S e t t i n g The a r e a o f t h i s f i e l d s tu d y i s l o c a t e d a long th e w es t f l a n k o f t h e B e a r t o o t h Range in t h e m o u n ta in s o f s o u t h c e n t r a l Montana , p a r t o f the n o r t h e r n Rocky Mounta in c h a i n . T h i s a r e a i n c l u d e s p a r t o f t h e v a l l e y on t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e Ye l lo w s to ne . R i v e r , d i r e c t l y s o u th o f t h e small commun i t y o f P r a y , Montana, a b o u t 25 m i l e s s o u th o f L i v i n g s t o n . The map a r e a ( s e e f i g u r e 3) i s bounded by t h e Y e l lo w s to n e R i v e r on t h e West , Em igran t C reek on t h e s o u th , , and M i l l Creek on t h e n o r t h . The e a s t e r n boundary i s a h y p o t h e t i c a l l i n e p a r a l l e l i n g t h e m oun ta in f r o n t and e x t e n d i n g from White C i t y t o M i l l C r e e k . T h i s l i n e n e a r l y c o i n c i d e s w i th t h e s a d d l e s be tween t h e more subdued r i d g e s and t h e s t e e p f r o n t o f t h e main B e a r t o o t h m a s s i f . P r e v i o u s I n v e s t i g a t i o n s Bedrock g e o lo g y o f t h e map a r e a was f i r s t s t u d i e d by I d d i n g s and Weed,whose, work was p u b l i s h e d i n 1893 i n t h e U. S. G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y ' s L i v i n g s t o n F o l i o . T h e i r map and d e s c r i p t i o n ! of t h e a r e a i s v e ry g e n e ra l , . The a r e a was J a t e r mapped i n more d e t a i l by J . T. Wilson (1937) as p a r t o f h i s P h . D. t h e s i s a t P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y b u t t h i s work was n e v e r p u b l i s h e d . However , h i s map was used i n t h e c o m p i l a t i o n of t h e s t a t e g e o l o g i c map of Montana ( 1 9 5 5 ) . Geomorphic s t u d i e s which i n c l u d e d t h e map a r e a have been p u b l i s h e d by Weed (1893) and by Horberg ( 1 9 4 0 ) . H o r b e r g ' s work was done i n con s i d e r a b l y more d e t a i l b u t t h e most i m p o r t a n t geomorph ic i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s can be a t t r i b u t e d to . Weed. Alden (1932) made s e v e r a l t r i p s t h r o u g h '1 t h e


We show that for finitely generated groups P with solvable word problem, there is no algorithm to determine whether H1(P) is trivial, nor whether H2(P) is trivial.


Simple Summary Viral sequence variation can expand the host repertoire, enhance the infection ability, and/or prevent the build-up of a long-term specific immunity by the host. The study of viral diversity is, thus, critical to understand sequence change and its implications for intervention strategies. Typically, these studies are performed using alignment-dependent approaches. However, such an approach becomes limited with increase in sequence diversity. Herein, we present an alignment-free algorithm, implemented as a publicly available tool, UNIQmin, to determine the effective viral sequence diversity at any rank of the viral taxonomy lineage. UNIQmin enables the generation of a minimal set for a given sequence dataset of interest and is applicable to big data, with a reasonable time performance. The minimal set is the smallest possible number of unique sequences required to represent a given peptidome diversity (pool of distinct peptides of a specific length) exhibited by a non-redundant dataset. This compression is possible through the removal of unique sequences that do not contribute effectively to the peptidome diversity pool. The utility of UNIQmin was demonstrated for the species Dengue virus, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, and superkingdom Viruses. The concept of a minimal set is generic and thus possibly applicable to both genomic and proteomic data of non-viral, pathogenic microorganisms. Abstract The study of viral diversity is imperative in understanding sequence change and its implications for intervention strategies. The widely used alignment-dependent approaches to study viral diversity are limited in their utility as sequence dissimilarity increases, particularly when expanded to the genus or higher ranks of viral species lineage. Herein, we present an alignment-independent algorithm, implemented as a tool, UNIQmin, to determine the effective viral sequence diversity at any rank of the viral taxonomy lineage. This is done by performing an exhaustive search to generate the minimal set of sequences for a given viral non-redundant sequence dataset. The minimal set is comprised of the smallest possible number of unique sequences required to capture the diversity inherent in the complete set of overlapping k-mers encoded by all the unique sequences in the given dataset. Such dataset compression is possible through the removal of unique sequences, whose entire repertoire of overlapping k-mers can be represented by other sequences, thus rendering them redundant to the collective pool of sequence diversity. A significant reduction, namely ~44%, ~45%, and ~53%, was observed for all reported unique sequences of species Dengue virus, genus Flavivirus, and family Flaviviridae, respectively, while still capturing the entire repertoire of nonamer (9-mer) viral peptidome diversity present in the initial input dataset. The algorithm is scalable for big data as it was applied to ~2.2 million non-redundant sequences of all reported viruses. UNIQmin is open source and publicly available on GitHub. The concept of a minimal set is generic and, thus, potentially applicable to other pathogenic microorganisms of non-viral origin, such as bacteria.


Stability testing is to provide evidence on how the quality of plant products varies with the time under influence of a variety of environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Hence, kokum juice was subjected to accelerated stability studies and evaluated by anthocyanins content. Anthocyanins are present in the fruit of Garcinia indica, which is responsible for colour of kokum juice. The anthocyanins in juice were studied during six months period by subjecting it to accelerated conditions. The total acidity, brix and pH of the formulation were also monitored as the parameter of stability testing. The study was carried out as per the ICH guidelines.


AIM: To detect the expression of IL-13 and TGF-β during airway remodeling. METHODS: A airway remodeling model was established and histological changes were detected under light or electronic microscope. In situ hybridization assays were adopted to determine the status of IL-13 and TGF-β_2 transcript in lung tissue and Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38MAPK protein. RESULTS: Proliferation of airway epithelium and smooth muscle and mucous plugs were found in lung tissue of airway remodeling mice , accompanied by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in airway. Overexpression of IL-13,TGF-β_2 mRNA and p38MAPK were also observed in airway remodeling group. CONCLUSION: Expression of IL-13, TGF-β_2 mRNA and p38MAPK protein increased significantly during airway remodeling, which may suggest an role for Th2 cytokines, TGF-β_2 in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. p38 MAPK may be associated with the development of asthma and airway remodeling. [


During the last ten years, several studies that have examined the positive impact political Internet ( PIU ) and social network uses have on democracy suggest that these are a powerful tool that contributes to its quality and the empowerment of citizens. However, the results of these studies are mixed because they have taken into account only certain aspects of democracy such as: votes, social mobilization, and participation in protests. In addition, they focus mainly on developed societies. This article researches on the effects PIU and the political use of social networks from a new perspective: deliberation. By means of the data obtained from the survey Political Communication and Participation in Colombia 2012 , it was possible to analyze the impact of these two tools on deliberative attitudes. The results suggest that they have a meaningful and positive impact on deliberation.


The following article is of applicative and instrumental character and was drawn from the results of a series of architectural projects in which the intervention of buildings considered heritage gave opportunity to look beyond traditional methods and processes for graphical documentation . A methodology was developed that involves using the Visual System software Structure from Motion, from which a three-dimensional model is obtained; through a combination of imaging techniques the graphic documentation and survey of pathological lesions of the building is improved. Two resources were optimized to achieve the viability of the projects: time and budget, both scarce. This led to the proposal of a strategy based on methods that allow optimal performance in the process of graphic documentation, ensuring fidelity in the current representation of the building, and it's injuries and pathologies.


What claim does the naturalised British photographer Oscar Gustaf Rejlander (1813–75) have upon posterity? He was recently acclaimed as a 'Victorian Giant' alongside Julia Margaret Cameron, Clementina Hawarden and Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Philip Prodger's Victorian Giants: The Birth of Art Photography, 2018). But Rejlander did not write celebrated books as did Dodgson, nor was he commemorated by celebrated descendants in works of fiction and prose, as was Cameron. Although Hawarden is, like Rejlander, a much more obscure figure than these two contemporaries, her choreographed studies of her daughters posing in costume have been, over the last twenty years, mobilised as key historical examples of feminine creativity and performativity. Rejlander was the only one of the five 'Giants' who had to work for a living, aligning him more closely with his friend Henry Peach Robinson, who also came to prominence with works of composition photography. It is, nonetheless, Rejlander who was, in 2018–19, accorded a monographic exhibition at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa; an accompanying catalogue distributed by Yale University Press; and the moniker 'Artist Photographer'. The exhibition catalogue, which is the subject of this review, seeks to demonstrate the justness of the accolade 'the father of art photography' that was bestowed upon Rejlander by his contemporaries. Yet the scholarly framework and imperatives that should support this designation are not as robust as one might expect. The most obvious element of the attempt to present Rejlander as a significant artistsubject is the physical heft of this hardback volume. Produced by the National Gallery of Canada, involving a collaboration with the J. Paul Getty Museum – to which the exhibition toured – this publication, issued in both English and French editions, is a significant visual resource that draws together photographic works from a wider number of American and European collections than has previously been achieved; it also includes examples of his work in other media. The range and quality of Rejlander's photographic output is here demonstrated in generous duotone illustrations, including single-page and double-page full-bleed spreads. Here we see humorous and/or sentimental genre scenes, figure studies, portraits and landscapes, and although these may be standard offerings, many of Rejlander's photographs still entrance the viewer, as they did some of his contemporaries, with the inventiveness of the realisation, the modelling of the figures and the naturalness of the facial expressions. Some of his offerings are less conventional: his magnum opus, The Two Ways of Life (cat. 87), which staked photography's claim on high art; classicising figure studies, draped and undraped; scientific illustrations of facial expressions made for Charles Darwin; arresting figure studies, such as [Mary Constable and Her Brother] (cat. 159); the highly surreal tableaux The Bachelor's Dream (cat. 69); and the unconventional subject of a seemingly impromptu bare-knuckle fight (cat. 13). With 256 plates, including some works not shown in the exhibition, the catalogue certainly opens up possibilities for further scholarship. Curator Lori Pauli's biographical account of Rejlander cites important new archival sources, including those that registered Rejlander's arrival and naturalisation in Britain and the provincial press notices of his artistic endeavours. Pauli charts Rejlander's trajectory from Sweden to Hull to Lincoln to Wolverhampton, and his ultimate move to London, and pays due attention to his twenty years in Wolverhampton – as opposed to thirteen years in the capital – and his attempts there at integrating into British social and civic life, which included, we learn, joining the local cricket team. Pauli's suggestion that he mobilised freemasonry as a means to get to England and to build professional and social networks is an important deduction for Rejlander studies, even if his initiation into a Lincoln lodge is well known. Perhaps Reva Wolf and Alisa Luxenberg's Freemasonry and the Visual Arts from the Eighteenth Century Forward: Historical and Global Perspectives (2019) will allow us to further understand the implications of freemasonry for Rejlander's practice of photography and/or socioeconomic migration. Elsewhere in Pauli's essay, the points of interest are sometimes an effect of the text: in particular, the scattered details which suggest that Rejlander did not conform to (our ideas regarding) the norms of Victorian self-improvement. Rejlander's oeuvre, as constituted in the catalogue, brings out one of the most notable aspects of his production – and perhaps the most challenging for those scholars who wish to claim him as a giant of art photography: the ability to conjure compositions of exquisite artistic refinement and those that appealed to the sentiments catered to by lower forms of popular culture. Might there be some social and economic parallel to be drawn from the seemingly inconsistent elements of Rejlander's biographical narrative found in this catalogue and elsewhere in the literature?


The electro-oxidation of ethanol on platinum electrodes (bulk and single crystal) has been of much interest due to its applicability in fuel cells and the reaction complexity at electrochemical interfaces (1,2). Parallel reaction pathways are possible during ethanol electro-oxidation with the formation acetaldehyde, acid acetic and CO2 (1,2). The yields of the different products are influenced by the ethanol concentration (1) and the base electrolyte. In the present work, the ethanol electro-oxidation at concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0 mol L in HClO4 (0.1 mol L) and H2SO4 (0.5 mol L) was studied on unsupported platinum nanoparticles. All experiments were performed at controlled temperature (25 ± 0.1 o C) in solutions deaerated with argon (4.8). The electrochemical cell was a conventional 3 compartment cell with a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) as reference and a high surface area Au electrode as auxiliary, both separated from the main compartment. In situ FTIR studies were carried out as described elsewhere (3) with the reference spectrum obtained at 0.05 or 1.0 V. A Nexus 670 – Nicolet equipment and a ZnSe window were used. The working electrodes were prepared by applying 20 μL of a suspension of platinum black catalyst (Johnson Matthey), corresponding to a load of 100 μg Pt cm. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) for ethanol oxidation show a dependence with the nature of the supporting electrolyte (Fig 1A) for 0.01 mol L ethanol. This was also tested under quasi-stationary conditions, chronoamperometric curves, obtained after applying a potential step from 0.05 to 0.48 V (time 1500 to 2500 s). Fig 1B shows the current densities for different concentrations of ethanol under those conditions.


Background : In this era of accountability in health care, the need to document treatment-related changes in health status is critical. However, few studies report outcomes in people with right cerebral hemisphere damage (RHD). Aims : The objective of this study was to document, in a single population of patients with RHD, selected functional outcomes at the termination of inpatient treatment. Of particular interest were cognitive performance and its influence on motor and overall recovery. Methods & Procedures : Functional outcomes were retrospectively examined in 101 RHD patients, at discharge from an in-patient rehabilitation programme. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM; Center for Functional Assessment Research, 1993) was the measurement tool. The five outcomes examined were: final functional status, amount of gain, efficiency of gain, length of stay (LOS), and discharge placement. FIM scores, produced on an ordinal rating scale, were statistically transformed by the Rasch method (Rasch, 1960) to generate interval-level data for regression analyses. Outcomes & Results : Summary by outcomes: Gains were evident in cognitive and motor realms, with greater and more efficient improvement in the latter. Regression analysis indicated that final functional status was best predicted by age, initial motor severity (FIM motor score), and initial total cognitive severity (FIM cognitive scores); amount of gain was best predicted by age, evidence of previous neurological incident, and gender; efficiency of gain by initial cognitive item scores, initial motor severity (FIM score) and age; LOS by initial motor severity (FIM score); and discharge placement by age, marital status, and initial severity (FIM status). Major predictors tended to be age and the family of cognitive FIM scores, especially Problem Solving (PS). Memory and PS were the most challenging cognitive items for these patients, as indicated by scores on admission and discharge reflecting less than functional ability. A sizeable number of patients began and ended rehabilitation with functional levels of ability in comprehension, expression, and social interaction. Significant differences existed between patients with neglect and those without, but neglect was not a significant predictor of any outcome measure. Low initial cognitive FIM scores, presence of neglect, and older age were associated with poorer performance in motor and cognitive realms. Previous neurological episodes were negatively associated with amount of gain. Number of comorbidities was not statistically associated with outcomes. Conclusions : Initial severity levels and age were the most influential factors on these outcomes. The presence of neglect had a relatively minor impact on most outcomes. Performance on the cognitive items was less impaired than motor items, and registered less gain and less efficient gain than motor items, but did predict various final status and gain-related measurements in overall and motor realms. Analyses in this study revealed that the FIM scale is less sensitive to cognitive change than to motor change.


Abstract
Early changes in the ultrastructure of lung fibroblasts exposed to chrysotile asbestos in vitro are described. The dust exposed cells rapidly undergo a "maturation process" reflected by highly dilated endoplasmic cisternae, irregularity in nuclear outline and composition and the appearance of membrane microvilli which are all characteristics of normal cells in the stationary phase. It is suggested the surviving cells undergoing this "maturation process" may account in part for the higher synthetic activity, leading to increased collagen levels, in chrysotile exposed cultures.


Epidemic source detection is the problem of identifying the network node that originated an epidemic from a partial observation of the epidemic process. The problem finds applications in different contexts, such as detecting the origin of rumors in online social media, and has been studied under various assumptions. Different from prior studies, this work considers an epidemic process on a finite graph that starts on a random node (epidemic source) and terminates when all nodes are infected, yielding a rooted and directed epidemic tree that encodes node infections. Assuming knowledge of the underlying graph and the undirected spanning tree, can the epidemic source be accurately identified? This work tackles this problem by introducing the epicenter , an efficient estimator for the epidemic source. When the underlying graph is vertex-transitive the epicenter can be computed in linear time and it coincides with the well-known distance center of the epidemic tree. Moreover, on a complete graph the epicenter is also the most likely estimator for the source. Finally, the accuracy of the epicenter is evaluated numerically on five different graph models and the performance strongly depends on the graph structure, varying from 31% (complete graphs) to 13% (sparse power law graphs).


In this article, an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control scheme based on fractional order is proposed for a cable-driven manipulator with external disturbances, where the concentration is uncertain and the upper limit is known or unknown. Furthermore, a new adaptive fractional-order nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode algorithm with time-delay estimation is developed. The delay estimation unit can be used to properly compensate the centralized unknown dynamics of the system, thereby obtaining attractive model-free characteristics. A characteristic of the control scheme in this article is that by using the adaptive tuning law, the upper limit of the uncertainty is estimated only by the speed and position measurement so as to achieve the effects of rapid convergence, high accuracy, and vibration reduction. In addition, the proposed controller effectively eliminates the effects of jitter without losing robustness and accuracy. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Conditions of differential flow induced chemical instability (DIFICI) are obtained for heterogeneous reactions in a Couette flow reactor with diffusional supply of reactants. We describe a general method applicable to the analysis of a surface reaction fed by diffusion and laminar advection that reduces the original three-dimensional problem to a closed two-dimensional evolution equation containing a nonlocal Dirichlet to Neumann operator. This procedure is applied to compute conditions of DIFICI and competing symmetry-breaking instabilities for a bimolecular catalytic reaction and the Brusselator model.


Eyellipse and hand-reach envelop are the important design tools of auto body layout. The paper introduces how to create sampling database of eyellipse and hand-reach envelop by the function of CATIA V5 KBE module basing on principle of parameterization driving. Using the sampling database can supply good design tool to be convenience to design and check, avoid repetitive work, not only efficiency could be improved but design veracity could be increased for designers


Summary.  Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity in endothelial cells is regulated by post‐translational phosphorylation of critical serine, threonine and tyrosine residues in response to a variety of stimuli. However, the post‐translational regulation of eNOS in platelets is poorly defined. Objectives: We investigated the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of platelet eNOS activity. Methods: Tyrosine phosphorylation of eNOS and interaction with the tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 were investigated by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. An in vitro immunoassay was used to determine eNOS activity together with the contribution of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Results: We found platelet eNOS was tyrosine phosphorylated under basal conditions. Thrombin induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in eNOS activity without altering overall level of tyrosine phosphorylation, although we did observe evidence of minor tyrosine dephosphorylation. In vitro tyrosine dephosphorylation of platelet eNOS using a recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase enhanced thrombin‐induced activity compared to thrombin alone, but had no effect on endothelial eNOS activity either at basal or after stimulation with bradykinin. Having shown that dephosphorylation could modulate platelet eNOS activity we examined the role of potential protein phosphatases important for platelet eNOS activity. We found SHP‐1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, co‐associated with platelet eNOS in resting platelets, but does not associate with eNOS in endothelial cells. Stimulation of platelets with thrombin increased SHP‐1 association with eNOS, while inhibition of SHP‐1 abolished the ability of thrombin to induce elevated eNOS activity. Conclusions: Our data suggest a novel role for tyrosine dephosphorylation in platelet eNOS activation, which may be mediated by SHP‐1.


This article describes the effect of resources and stressors on 156 family members who provided care and support for an HIV-infected woman. Both resources and stressors were related to the family members' perceived burden and depressive mood, and resources did little to buffer the associations between stress and burden and between stress and depression. Together, resources and stressors accounted for 50% of the variance in family members' perceived burden and 21% of the variance in their depressive mood. The only variable important in predicting both burden and depressive mood was the family member's feelings of stigma. These results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce the stigma felt by family members and to help them obtain additional family and community resources to ameliorate the burden of caregiving.


: Introduction: Prune-Belly Syndrome (SPB) is a rare congenital disease of indefinite etiology, more prevalent in males, which has a report reported between 2 and 4 cases per 100,000 live births. Abdominal wall muscle defect, serious urinary tract abnormalities and bilateral cryptorchidia constitute the classic clinical triad of the disease. This article aimed to elucidate a rare case of isolated bladder lesion in contused trauma, associated with the defect of the abdominal muscles present in individuals with the syndrome. Case Description: This is a case of a 35-year-old male patient with SPB, admitted to an emergency service due to boring abdominal trauma by severe cinematics accident without a seat belt. The patient had abdominal pain at palpation, stable pelvis, and evolved with macroscopic hematuria in the urine collecting bag, confirmed by bladder rupture through retrograde cystography. Exploiting laparotomy, with identification of intraperitoneal injury in the body and bottom of the bladder, was chosen, which was corrected by rubbishing of edges and cystraphy in two planes. Even after hospital discharge, the bladder probe for delay was maintained until the outpatient return consultation. Discussion: Vesical lesions are often associated with predisposing factors, such as bladder or fracture of pelvic bones. Conclusion: differing from the other cases described in the literature, the present report illustrates the occurrence of isolated bladder lesion in contused trauma associated with the abdominal wall muscle defect present in individuals with SPB.


Various patterns of species richness-soil pH relationship have
been reported from various regions and vegetation types. While
it is clear that pH has a considerable influence on vegetation
diversity, the interpretation is usually complicated due to its
strong interrelations with a range of other factors important
for vegetation. This study attempts to get an insight into the
pH-climate-species richness pattern. Steppe vegetation was
sampled in two contrasting regions, the Ural mountains with
continental climate type, and the Czech Republic with central
European (transitional between continental and oceanic) climate
type. Substrates varying in pH and distributed along climatic
gradients within the two regions were represented in both data
sets. The studied soil pH range was from 4 to 8. Environmental
variables, vegetation productivity and nutrient content in
biomass were related to species richness in plots of 100 m2.
Soil pH increases with temperature, more steeply in the Uralian
steppes than in the Czech ones, while it is not distinctly
related to precipitation in either region. This corresponds to
the assumption that the upward movement of basic cations in
soil outbalances their leaching the more the warmer and more
continental the climate is. In the Uralian steppes, the species
richness-pH relationship is unimodal, while in Czech steppes
species richness increases monotonically over the whole studied
pH range. The observed low species richness at low pH can be
explained by a joint effect of low productivity and small
species pool of acidic soils. At neutral to base-rich soils,
the determinants of species richness are more complex.


Ti-B-N nanocomposite coatings with different B contents were deposited on Si(100) and high speed steel(W18Cr4V) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering.The microstructures of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).Meanwhile the nanohardness and elastic modulus values were measured by nano-indention method.It is indicated that Ti-B-N nanocomposite coatings can be prepared by changing the power of TiB2 targets and Ti targets.The deposited Ti-B-N coatings mainly consist of TiN nanocrystals.With the B content increasing,the sizes of TiN nanocrystals become smaller,and the amorphous component increases.When the B content is very high,the sizes of TiB2 nanocrystalline phase in the Ti-B-N coatings are very small and the coatings' properties are poor.When the TiN grain size is about 5nm,the Ti-B-N coatings have the best mechanical properties,with the nanohardness of 32.7GPa and the elastic modulus of 350.3GPa.


Abstract : Seismic response control method of the bridge structures with semi-active control device, i.e., magneto-rheological (MR) damper, is studied in this paper. Design of various kinds of clipped optimal controller and fuzzycontroller are suggested as a semi-active control algorithm. For determining the control force of MR damper,clipped optimal control method adopts bi-state approach, but the fuzzy control method continuously quantifies inputcurrents through fuzzy inference mechanism to finely modulate the damper force. To investigate the performancesof the suggested control techniques, numerical simulations of a multi-span continuous bridge system subjected tovarious earthquakes are performed, and their performances are compared with each other. From the comparison ofresults, it is shown that the fuzzy control system can provide well-balanced control force between girder and pierin the view point of structural safety and stability and be quite effective in reducing both girder and pier displace-ments over the existing control method.Key words :Semi-active magneto-rheological damper, bridge, seismic response control, fuzzy


Bipedal walking robots are inherently hybrid systems due to their intermittent, switching dynamics resulting from the impact between the robot foot and the ground as the robot foot lands on the ground. It is well known that stable (passive) limit cycles for the biped robots can be induced on shallow slopes without actuation. Recently the studies in passive dynamic walking have considered the robots with knee and point or curved feet. In this paper, we study the passive dynamic walking for biped robots with knee and fixed flat feet, which includes heel and toe rocking motions and the effect of foot length on the passive limit cycles. We derive the dynamic equations of motion for this model. We show by simulation that the proposed robot model can walk down a slope passively and also verify the stability of this walking by calculating the eigenvalues of the Jacobian of the Poincarè map. By using a numerical search method, we find the initial conditions of the stable limit cycles for various slope angles and foot lengths.


The special features of Stereo Imaging for LiDAR and hyperspectral sensor are multi-source data and complex algorithm, which will bring huge challenges to embedded real-time processing. To improve system performance, efficient software design is important. In this paper, based on the hardware platform with FPGA+2C6678, a hierarchical parallel model for software design is studied. In intermediate layer, an adaptive dynamic scheduling strategy and a twostage pipeline parallel architecture based on message transmission are presented, which provide efficient connection between the top application design and the bottom hardware environment. The results indicate that this model is strongly supportive for the high-performance of embedded system, and is beneficial for the open and universal design.


Glasgow Unity first performed Ena Lamont Stewart's Men Should Weep at the Athenaeum Theatre, Glasgow on 30 January 1947. After the company closed in 1951, the play fell into obscurity until John McGrath staged a rewritten version for 7:84 (Scotland)'s 1982 Clydebuilt Season. The long absence of this play from the public arena is remarkable considering that it provided a major theatrical landmark for the representation of Scottish, class and gender identities. This chapter takes the opportunity offered by these two texts, productions and their critical reception to make a transhistorical comparison of the relationship between theatre and its wider context. Taking the play's central thematic framework of gender politics, poverty and notions of community, my argument explores how these two productions intersected with and revealed a great deal about their immediate social, political and economic landscapes. By highlighting Glasgow Unity's and 7:84's distinct use of staging, theatrical apparatus and acting techniques, I also aim to illuminate the responsiveness of performance to historical change. Prior to writing her first play, Starched Aprons (1945), which deals with the trials and tribulations of everyday hospital life, Lamont Stewart was frustrated with the trivial and irrelevant representations she witnessed in post-war Scottish theatre: 'I came home in a mood of red-hot revolt against cocktail time, glamorous gowns, and under-worked, about-to-be deceived husbands. I asked myself what I wanted to see on the stage, and the answer was "life". Real life. Real People. Ordinary people.'.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: device contains a tool for detection difference between current zero sequence before ground fault and current zero sequence during ground fault; a tool for detection difference between voltage zero sequence before ground fault and voltage zero sequence during ground fault; a tool for detection of total conductivity of a neutral or a respective value based on the ratio of difference of current zero sequences and difference of voltage zero sequences; and tool for comparison of a certain total conductivity of a neutral or a respective value with the preset performance characteristic in order to define a point of phase-to-ground fault. At that the preset performance characteristic being represented in total conductivity plane defines a closed area so that the centre of the closed area is apart from the datum point of total conductivity plane in direction of negative reactive conductance and/or in direction of negative electrical conductance. EFFECT: independence of performance characteristics from a type of the mains neutral. 13 cl, 6 dwg


In recent years, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) attracts much attention in machine learning and signal processing fields due to its interpretability of data in a low dimensional subspace. For clustering problems, symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) as an extension of NMF factorizes the similarity matrix of data points directly and outperforms NMF when dealing with nonlinear data structure. However, the clustering results of SNMF is very sensitive to noisy data. In this paper, we propose a minimum-volume-regularized weighted SNMF (MV-WSNMF) based on the relationship between robust NMF and SNMF. The proposed MV-WSNMF can approximate the similarity matrices flexibly such that the resulting performance is more robust against noise. A computationally efficient algorithm is also proposed with convergence guarantee. The numerical simulation results show the improvement of the proposed algorithm with respective to clustering accuracy in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms.


Objective To create a distress psychological model in pancreatic-cancer-bearing nude mice and explore the influence of the distress on the growth of transplantation tumor in the model mice. Methods Twenty model mice were evenly randomized to two groups: pure-cancer-bearing group(PCB) and PCB plus stress(PCBPS) group.To those in PCBPS,shackle stress was offered.The body weight of the mice,the tumor weight and volume of transplantation tumors of both groups were measured,and serum epinephrine level detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The average body weight of mice in the PCBPS was lower than that in the PCB(t=2.713,P0.05);the weight and volume of the tumors,and serum epinephrine level were higher than that in the PCB(t=-2.685——2.486,P0.05). Conclusion Using constraint method,a distress mental model in human pancreatic-cancer-bearing nude mice was successfully created.


Acquired pulmonary stenosis in adults is rare and is usually caused by extrinsic compression from a mediastinal tumour. We present the case of a patient with high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea. Compression of the right pulmonary artery was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography.


Abstract Amateur football teams and leagues are a common phenomenon among migrants in many cities throughout the world: Not only in Brazil, but also in the United States and in major European cities, migrant amateur football leagues are part of the infrastructure of urban sports. Nevertheless, these spaces are contested, and migrant football leagues must compete with other groups for sports infrastructure. Although football does not require complex infrastructure, migrant groups are forced to find places to play football in the urban landscape. This article focuses on South American migrants that negotiate urban space for sports in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in very unequal conditions. Based on ethnographic data on migrant football in these two cities we analyse negotiations around sport infrastructures and how these can become spaces of belonging considering intersectional processes of exclusion and inclusion based on gender, social class, cultural and national origin.


The ammonia synthesis reaction exhibits a well-known exception to Le Châtelier'sprinciple. If the initial mole fraction of nitrogen exceeds 0.5, the infinitesimaladdition of more nitrogen at consta...


Roster of Investigators Investigator Role Expertise Institution Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH PI Genetic epidemiology of treatment-related outcomes University of Alabama at Birmingham Xuexia Wang, PhD Co-I Statistical genetics University of North Texas Javier Blanco, PhD Co-I Pathogenesis of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity University at Buffalo, SUNY Wendy Leisenring, ScD Co-I Biostatistics, CCSS phenotype data Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Ctr Purnima Singh, PhD Co-I Molecular Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Yutaka Yasui, PhD Co-I Statistical genetics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Greg T Armstrong, MD, MS Co-I Survivorship, PI, CCSS St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Les Robison, PhD Co-I Survivorship St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Kevin Oeffinger, MD Co-I Chair, Chronic Diseases Working Group Duke University Lindsay Morton, PhD Co-I Molecular Epidemiology NIH


AN analysis was made of the cases settled by the Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario, for the years 1955, 1956 and 1957. This paper is the result of a study made of hand fractures, including their relative frequency to all injuries and to hand injuries. The cases were categorized according to occupation, age and sex. As well, the types of fracture, the types of treatment, the results of treatment, the extent of disability and the length


In this article, I undertake a critical analysis of the writings that contributed to set up the foundation for eclipsing Amerindian social dynamics and their complexity. Starting from a presentation of Jesuit Jos de Acosta's classifications of the indigenous sociopolitical forms, I show that both the evolutionist and discontinuist perspective still in vogue among some Americanists and the positivist approach of some borderlands historians tend to perpetuate a conquest culture (the material and symbolic power relation of domination) while concealing indigenous social dynamics and adaptation strategies. I end the article by presenting some of the perspectives and concepts developed by a new historical anthropology that seek to re-politicize the production of social and cultural differences otherwise considered as natural.


Rugged terrain significantly affects the Huan Jing (HJ)-1/CCD reflectance at the earth's surface because the sloping surfaces change the sun-surface-sensor geometry. It is necessary to consider the land surface directional reflectance and reduce topographic effects to obtain the correct reflectance. An atmospheric model 6S (second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum) coupled with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) shape, which is well suited to estimate the HJ-1/CCD land surface reflectance of rugged terrain and flat surface (BRATC, BRDF-based atmospheric and topographic correction), is reformulated in this paper. The BRDF shape, a statistics-based MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) BRDF prior-knowledge look-up table (LUT) stored in this algorithm, is applied to the HJ-1/CCD reflectance estimation that covers Heihe River Basin, China. The results of the indirect validation of the visual image and the linear relationship between the reflectance and the cosine of the solar relative incident angle show that the algorithm effectively reduces topographic effects. Compared with three land cover field measurement reflectances, the HJ-1/CCD-corrected reflectance is consistently good with an overall RMSE as low as 0.0128. The proposed method could be designed for an operational system of HJ-1/CCD reflectance products.


The effects of Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands were studied. Added Zn2+ could increase the dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of bioflims in a short period of time (6h). When the concentration of Zn2+ reached 2mg/L, the activity maintained the control level at 72h and the polysaccharide was also accumulated advantageously at the same time. On the other hand, Co2+ and Mn2+ presented similar effects on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of biofilms. Co2+ (1mg/L) and Mn2+ (2mg/L) respectively stimulated the dehydrogenase activity to some extent, but with the increasing concentrations of these two metal ions, Co2+ and Mn2+ then inhibited the dehydrogenase activity, and with the extended experimental time, the inhibitory effects became increasingly obvious. Besides, within the range studied, Co2+ and Mn2+ at different concentrations and experimental time showed no obvious effects on polysaccharide content of biofilms.


Abstract In this introduction to the issue Semiotic tools in early mathematical knowledge, we offer a theoretical perspective that provides meaning to the different contributions. We begin by reviewing three perspectives bearing an important influence on the study of mathematical development in childhood (the Piagetian, the information processing and the neonativist perspectives). Next, we underscore the need for developmental studies in this domain to consider the semiotic component, and hence the socio-cultural component, in depth. The contributions that form this volume — a theoretical article, five papers and four short reports of empirical studies and a review of an instructional approach — illustrate different ways of including the semiotic component in the study of children's mathematical knowledge.


This paper presents a new Time Varying Particle Swarm Optimization Acceleration Coefficients (TV-PSOAC) as a novel heuristic approach for simultaneous coordinated designing of the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) damping controller and power system stabilizers (PSSs) in power system. The coordinated design problem of PSS and TCSC damping controllers over a wide range of loading conditions is converted to a single optimization problem with the time domain-based objective function that is solved by a TV-PSOAC method which has a strong ability to find the most optimistic results. By minimizing the proposed fitness function in which oscillatory characteristics between areas are included and thus the interactions among the TCSC controller and PSS under transient conditions in the multi-machine power system are improved. To ensure the robustness of the proposed stabilizers, the design process takes a wide range of operating conditions into account. The generator speed and the electrical power are chosen as global input signals for the strategy. The system performance is assessed through the Time multiplied Absolute value of the Error (ITAE), Eigenvalues and Figure of Demerit (FD) analysis performance indices. The results with the proposed technique demonstrate a satisfactory robust performance and excellent capability in damping power system local and inter area low frequency oscillations. Keywords—local and inter area low frequency damping, Transient stability, Chaos theory, TV-PSOAC algorithm, power system, TCSC, PSS.


Transnational organized crime has become a key issue in international affairs and, unfortunately, one of the most important aspects of the global economy. Experts highlight the fact that organized crime - with all its undesirable consequences on competitiveness, or such other negative effects like counterfeiting or environmental damage - has the capability to undermine the rule of law and good governance. In this regard it is absolutely necessary to find ways of fighting against organized crime at international level. In order to respond effectively against the threats of organized crime, a series of regional and thematic transnational assessment is required. This is all the more beneficial since these assessments can contribute to economic security in the region. Although progress has been made in this area by international bodies and the European institutions, the present article proposes an analysis at regional level, based on current threats of organized crime in South-eastern and Central Europe


In this issue of AJPH, which is being issued in alignment with National Public Health Week, Former Governor John Kasich(R-OH) makes a compelling case for the need for a more lucid and effective effort to enhance the public's understanding of what public health is and how we all benefit. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed not only the weaknesses in the organization, infrastructure, and core resources of our public health system but, more importantly, the loss of basic trust and public support for proven public health measures and the practitioners that use them. [...]it is quite common for people to take these protections for granted, and although they all want someone to protect them, they don't know that when they are protected it is because of public health's efforts.