The invention relates to a message processing method and device. The method includes the steps that a message transferring instruction is received; a transferred message corresponding to the message transferring instruction and transferred message source information of the transferred message are acquired, and the transferred message source information at least comprises a unique recognizing identification of an original message of the transferred message; the transferred message source information is added in the transferred message; the transferred message added with the transferred message source information is sent to a server. According to the technical scheme, the accuracy and efficiency for processing violation messages are improved, and manpower consumption is reduced.


The challenge of discovering what is generally important vis-a-vis human
 being, through dealing with seemingly local topics, was the ideal of a late
 Serbian philosopher, ethicist and social theorist Prof. Dr. Svetozar
 Stojanovic, the ideal that he, by his own self-understanding, was
 persistently explored. The rediscovery of his world-view initiated by his
 recent passing, has a potential to arouse momentous thinking on the
 principles of identity transformation.


congestion levels from velocity of mobile sensors with high accuracy and consistent with motorists' judgments. The data collection utilized a GPS device, a webcam, and an opinion survey. Human perceptions were used to rate the traffic congestion levels into three levels: light, heavy, and jam. Then the ratings and velocity were fed into a decision tree learning model (J48). We successfully extracted vehicle movement patterns to feed into the learning model using a sliding windows technique. The model achieved accuracy as high as 91.29%. By implementing the model on the existing traffic report systems, the reports will cover on comprehensive areas. The proposed method can be applied to any parts of the world.


The tendency for human beings, economic firms and social institutions to locate together has been the subject of intellectual inquiry for centuries. People and firms are not spread ubiquitously across the globe but have a powerful tendency to organize in well-defined geographic units, cities. First Auerbach (1913) and then Zipf (1941; 1949) observed a striking regularity in this process, noting the distribution in cities is highly skewed and follows a simple "rank-size rule" (Zipf's law). Despite considerable research on these issues, there does not as exist an explanation for Zipf's law based on behaviorallycredible micro-foundations. This article offers such a model, using the fact that business firms also have Zipf distributed sizes. The basic model is simple: people form together in firms, and firms co-locate. The agents in the model have heterogeneous abilities, exhibit bounded rationality, and interact directly with one another out of equilibrium in team production environments. Each agent is part of a firm and each firm has a spatial location. Agents periodically search for positions in other firms that would give them higher payoffs. Agents can also start-up new firms, at either their current location or a new location. Over time the movement of individual agents across firms combines with the movement of firms across locations to yield clusters of agents and firms. From these basic micro-foundations the model reproduces, under a wide range of conditions, a distribution of cities that follows Zipf's law. This model constitutes the first behaviorally-plausible, microscopic explanation of the city size distribution, on the one hand, and the mutual existence of Zipfian firm and city sizes on the other.


This paper is concerned with the advanced economies. It begins with a discussion of the demographic issues that have played such a large role in the debate on immigration. This is followed by a section on the main problems involved in estimating the fiscal impact of immigration and then a summary of the international evidence on this topic, mostly from Europe and America. Separate sections on the UK and on low-fertility countries follow. The main conclusions are as follows. Highly skilled migrants normally make a large fiscal contribution, whereas unskilled migrants are likely to impose a net cost on native taxpayers if they settle in the receiving country. However, even unskilled migrants may be net contributors if they eventually depart and make few claims on government expenditure while in the country. Most empirical studies find that the fiscal contribution of the immigrant population as a whole is quite small. The positive contribution of some migrants is largely or wholly offset by the negative contribution of others. This finding holds across a variety of countries and methodologies. Estimates of the net fiscal contribution of immigration normally lie within the range ±1 per cent of GDP. There are a few exceptions, but these refer to countries experiencing demographic collapse and they are based on unrealistic assumptions about the inter-generational allocation of future taxes and government expenditure. With more realistic assumptions, the overall fiscal benefit of immigration is quite small, even in these countries. These findings suggest that, in general, there is no strong fiscal case for or against sustained large-scale immigration. The desirability or otherwise of large-scale immigration should be decided on other grounds.


Scientists overwhelmingly agree that the climate is changing and that the changes are largely due to increased levels of carbon emissions into the atmosphere that are caused by human activities. The recommended response from society to climate change involves two sets of activities: mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation includes activities that attempt to adjust or respond to changes to the environment caused by climate change. For wildlife, a consensus is forming around an approach to adaptation planning that would improve the ability of an ecosystem to resist dramatic changes to habitats; build resilience into the ecosystem to recover from extreme weather events and changes in temperature and precipitation that may cause increased floods, wildfires, insect outbreaks, etc.; and lastly build realignment into our ecosystems through wildlife corridors or other connections through matrix landscape types that allow species to shift their ranges and transition into new areas when the need becomes inevitable. This commentary outlines a climate change adaptation strategy for wildlife within an eight-state region (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio) of the Midwest United States (US) focused on the design of an interconnected green infrastructure network of natural areas that helps refine future wildlife habitat conservation priorities while also providing other natural and human benefits to residents of the Midwest US. A landscape-scale green infrastructure network will be developed for this area within the next 18–24 months thanks to a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service to the eight Midwest states, and the strategy outlined here serves as the foundation for implementing effective wildlife habitat protection projects in response to climate change.


Because of differences in data collection purposes and practices, combining data from different federal statistical programs that use the Standard Occupational Classification system can be complicated. This article addresses this problem by presenting a method for mapping occupational data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections program and the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Information Network.


The Curriculum is an important tool for education. The curriculum is dynamic following the era development. Furthermore, the government always examine the use of curriculum at any educational institution. The various opinions were developed with the change of curriculum showing that the teacher handle as an important role in the change of curriculum. The main determaining factor of
successing curriculum is competence suitability with educator. This research aims to describe and analysis the suitability of pedagogical competence of science teacher at Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi junior high school Boyolali in supporting the implementation of 2013 curriculum. The type of research is descriptive qualitative approach and case study strategy. The data source is an observation, interview, literature, documentary. The data result has been obtained from observation and interview by using the total population to know the analysis of pedagogical
competence of science teacher at Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi junior high school Boyolali. The data were analyzed using triangulation technique is to combine and generalize the results of the data in detailed and the way it is. The results shows that the fulfillment of pedagogical indicators 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 have been mastered and the fulfillment indicators 5, 6 and 10 shows that the criteria have not been mastered. It shows that the padagogical competence of science teacher at Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi junior high school Boyolali in accordance the
demand of 2013 curriculum. Based on the result of this study concluded that the pedagogical competence of science teacher at Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi junior high school Boyolali is good, while not yet mastered three pedagogic aspects
because the teacher is unreadiness in managing 2013 curriculum.


Rim of a vehicle wheel for tubeless pneumatic tire having formed on the radially outer surface of the rim Notlaufstutzflache, DOLLAR A - wherein the Notlaufstutzflache is formed of a vulcanized to a supporting metal structure ring-shaped layer of rubber, rubber-like material or plastic.


The problem of 'Gundu' in primates is discussed. Cases of so-called 'Gundu' in the literature, two cases in Gorilla and one in Lagothrix, are dealt with. Histological and X-ray techniques are used. On


A pressure device for a sticker weight of a wheel is provided to assure a stable adhesion condition of the sticker weight by attaching the sticker weight to an inner surface of an circumference of a wheel as pressing a sufficient pressure. In a pressure device for a sticker weight of a wheel, a hanger(7) is protrusively formed at a center of a baseplate(5) toward an upside. Double acting cylinders(9) is respectively installed to both sides of the hanger at the baseplate. A pressing block(11) is installed at an end part of a piston rod of the double acting cylinders. A regulator valve(13) controls a pressure of a compressed air provided from an air compressing source. And, a valve for controlling a direction(15) is installed for transferring the pressure provided from the regulator valve to the double acting cylinder.


The governing dynamics of simple and complex processes, whether physical, biological, social, economic, engineering, or even rather a mere figment of imagination, can be studied via numerical simul ...


This invention relates to organometallic compounds represented by the formula M(NR1R2)X wherein M is a metal or metalloid, R1 is the same or different and is a hydrocarbon group or a heteroatom-containing group, R2 is the same or different and is a hydrocarbon group or a heteroatom-containing group; R1 and R2 can be combined to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclic group; R1 or R2 of one (NR1R2) group can be combined with R1 or R2 of another (NR1R2) group to form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclic group; x is equal to the oxidation state of M; and wherein said organometallic compound has (i) a steric bulk sufficient to maintain a monomelic structure and a coordination number equal to the oxidation state of M with respect to anionic ligands, and (ii) a molecular weight sufficient to possess a volatility suitable for vapor deposition.; a process for producing the organometallic compounds, and a method for producing a film or coating from organometallic precursor compounds.


This study was conducted to compare the ability of developed immunochromatographic assays, ICT malaria P.f./P.v. test and OptiMAL test with standard microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria parasites. Blood samples were obtained from 150 patients clinically suspected of having malaria. A total of 59 samples (39.3%) were positive by blood films while 64 (42.7%) were positive by ICT p.f./p.v. and 52 (34.7%) by OptiMAL tests. The blood film indicated that 32.2% (19 of 59) of patients were positive for P. vivax and 67.8% (40 of 59) were infected with P. falciparum. ICT P.f./P.v. test showed 23.4% (15 of 64) were positive for P. vivax and 76.6% (49 of 64) were infected with P. falciparum. Similarly, OptiMAL test detected 30.8% (16 of 52) were positive for P. vivax and 69.2% (36 of 52) were infected with P. falciparum. ICT P.f./P.v. test had sensitivities 78.9%, 87.5% and specificities 100%, 87.3% for P. vivax and P. falciparum respectively. OptiMAL test showed sensitivities 84.2%, 80% and specificities 100%, 96.4% for P. vivax and P. falciparum respectively. Thus these rapid immunoassays (ICT P.f./P.v. and OptiMAL) tests can be used as supplementary test to traditional light microscopy for the diagnosis of malarial parasites.


A series of coumarin incorporated 1,2,4- triazole compounds (1-14) were evaluated for their possible anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties, log P values, pharmacophoric mapping and three dimensional structure analysis. Compound (6) with para-fluoro substitution showed significant anticonvulsant activity.


Charities are urging politicians to prioritise health services and nurse specialists in manifestos published ahead of the Welsh election in May.


It has been the practice at Wheeler Laboratories for the past ten years to express standing-wave ratio in decibels as opposed to a numerical ratio. So far as we are aware, this practice first evolved in the Bell Telephone Laboratories.


We follow recent developments of panel data studies and allow for the existence of both observed and unobserved common factors where their individual responses are allowed to be heterogeneous. We then develop a generalized Hausman-Taylor estimation methodology, and apply our proposed estimation technique to an analysis of the gravity equation of bilateral trade flows among 15 European countries over 1960-2001. Empirical results demonstrate that our proposed approach provides more sensible results than the conventional approach based on fixed time dummies. These findings may highlight the importance of allowing for a certain degree of cross-section dependence through unobserved heterogeneous time-specific effects; the resulting estimates would otherwise be severely biased. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The εγδ ß-thalassemias are rare forms of deletional mutants characterized by large deletions of or within the ß-globin gene cluster. Heterozygotes have hematological parameters resembling those of a heterozygote for ߺ-thal-assemia (ß-thal) with severe microcytosis and hypochro-mia but with normal levels of Hb A2 and HbF [ 1 ]. In some patients the deletion is larger than 150kb and encompasses the entire ß-globin gene cluster including the LCR. Here we describe a de novo εγδ ß-thal in a Dutch female with a deletion of at least 200 kb or larger, extending from ~ 60 kb 5' to ε to more than 90 kb 3' to ß. The patient was followed several years the University Netherlands. Hematological examination showed a moderate anemia with microcytosis and hypochromia but with normal HbA2 and HbF values (Hb 9.3 g/dl; RBC 4.18 × 1012/1; MCV 67.0 fi; MCH 22.2 pg; HbA2 3.0%; HbF < 0.5%). The


Background: In Tanzania cancer of larynx is second in occurrence after sinonasal cancer among the HNSCC. There is no information in Tanzania about survival of laryngeal cancer patients after treatment as well as factors associated with survival. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the 5 years overall survival rate and factors associated with survival of laryngeal cancer patients treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute from 2008 -2012. Material and Methods: This was retrospective study done at ORCI by reviewing records of 82 laryngeal cancer patients treated at ORCI from 2008 and 2012.All patients were followed up for 5 years. A structured questionnaire was used to extract information about characteristics of the patients and survival. For patients who were no longer attending follow up clinic a phone call was made to next of kin to the patient to inquire about the status of the patient. Five years overall survival (OS) was estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. Log– rank statistics was employed to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate analysis was done by using Cox Proportional Hazard statistics. Association between categorical covariates was determined by using Chi-Square test and association between continuous variables determined by independent sample t-test. Results: The five years overall survival rate was 29 % and median survival time was 23 months. The main independent predictors of OS for the whole cohort in univariate analysis were T stage, presence of neck nodes, site of the tumor, level of hemoglobin and blood transfusion. High radiotherapy dose was associated with higher OS among patients treated with palliative intention. Presence of dyspnea at presentation, low performance status and N stage had borderline statistically significant association with OS. The effect of the presence of distant metastases (M stage) on survival could not be evaluated in our analysis due to the small number of patients with M1 stage. Only site of the tumor was statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The OS of laryngeal cancer patients is relatively lower in this study compared to those in developed countries. Early laryngeal cancer stages, glottis tumors, high hemoglobin, absence of blood transfusion prior to radiotherapy and high radiotherapy doses were associated with higher OS.


In this work we analyze the optical propagation in a composite dielectric ridged waveguide calculating several parameters that characterize the linear and the nonlinear phenomena. This novel composite waveguide consists of a circular central core and many circular sectoral waveguides at the periphery, while the whole device can be considered as an nonlinear optical coupler. Firstly, we analyze the linear optical propagation in a sectoral dielectric birefringent waveguide calculating the propagation constant, the effective refractive index and the normalized propagation constant in the weak-guidance regime. Several simulations are performed varying some of the parameters of the geometry and the optical frequency in order to produce dispersion diagrams. Following, the electric and magnetic field distributions for the fundamental linear guided modes are derived. Finally, we calculate the linear coupling coefficient between two identical sectoral waveguides, the linear coupling coefficient between a sectoral waveguide and the circular-core waveguide, and the sectoral waveguide mode effective area for the evaluation of Kerr nonlinear coefficient.


This paper proposes a strategy which generates a codebook for each class.When the classifier between any two classes is trained,only the image vectors generated from the codebooks related to these two classes are considered.Compared with the traditional method using one universal codebook,the dimension of image vectors is greatly reduced while the diversity of them is preserved in the approach,which avoids the occurrence of the curse of dimensionality.Experimental results show that the approach can gain better results than traditional methods which use only one codebook.


Objective To determine the efficacy and safety to intralesional 5-flourouracil in the treatment of common warts. Methods This  interventional study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, PGMI/AMC/Lahore General Hospital Lahore from October, 2016 to July, 2017. 40 patients with warts were treated with intralesional 5-FU (0.1ml/cm 2 of 5-FU, 50mg/ml), at the base of each wart. Injections were repeated every two weeks, maximum for six injections. Patients followed fortnightly upto 2 months after last injection for efficacy and safety. Results Overall 30 (75%) patients (of all types of warts) showed excellent results (maximum six injections) and remained clear on follow-up after 2 months of last treatment session. Localized irritation and pain were the major side effects encountered in all patients. Conclusion Intralesional 5-FU is an effective and safe treatment for treatment of common, plantar and genital warts.


A solid-state imaging device and an imaging apparatus are provided to detect level change of predetermined supply voltage by using a voltage supply and perform a control operation so as to converge the level change, thereby minimizing acceleration during starting or sudden load change during operation. A charge pump circuit comprises a selection circuit(101), a voltage control oscillator(102), a comparator(103), an amplifier(202), a reference voltage source(203), switches(SW1~SW4), voltage-dividing resistances(R1,R2), a pump capacitor(Cp), an output capacitor(Cout), and an inverter. If output voltage is bigger than threshold voltage when a device is started or loads are suddenly changed, a value of the comparator is outputted so as to select voltage Vosc2 for fast oscillation of the voltage control oscillator. If the output voltage is lower than the threshold voltage after predetermined time, an output of the comparator is inverted and voltage is switched into Vosc1 for low speed oscillation of the voltage control oscillator. Namely, a mode is switched into a low power consumption mode for efficiency.


The seismogenic layer in the zone on the southern side of the Median Tectonic Line that runs in the east-west direction crossing the Kii Peninsula and Shikoku is abnormally shallow. It is "abnormal" because the shallowness of the depth is not concordant with the generally observed feature that the higher the altitude of the area, the shallower the seismogenic layer. The depth of the seismogenic layer is as shallow as that in the mountainous zone along the Volcanic Front in northeastern Japan, nevertheless such low altitude areas as Wakayama and Tokushima plains exist in the zone on the southern side of the Median Tectonic Line. If it is postulated that the depth of the seismogenic layer is regulated by the brittle-ductile transition temperature of the crustal materials, the shallowness of the seismogenic layer means that the temperature in the crust is relatively high. Then, why is the temperature in the zone along the Median Tectonic Line high? We think it is not unreasonable to consider that thermal fluids are rising from the subducted slab there, if it is reminded that hot waters are estimated to exist beneath the Wakayama swarm region that belongs to the zone.


It has become a common observation that educational researchers now produce studies and reports at a much faster rate than can be read and understood, even by colleagues. The engulfing literature long ago surpassed the individual researcher's capacity to absorb nonintegrated findings, and as a profession "we find ourselves in the mildly embarrassing position of knowing less than we have proven." (Glass, 1976, p. 8) We recognize with Glass (1976, p. 4) that "the armchair literature review in which one cites a couple dozen studies from the obvious journals can't do justice to the voluminous literature of educational research that we now confront." He and others (e.g., Light & Smith, 1971) have therefore stressed the need for integrative, scholarly reviews and have suggested procedures for combining and interpreting the


Epidemic malaria is prevalent in the demilitarized zone and the northern area of Kyonggi province in Korea. Malaria has broken out in Gangwha-Gun since 1997 due to geographical condition. The results obtained from an epidemiological surveillance for the malaria that happened in 1999 were as follows; Anopheles sinensis collected in UV-light traps in the barn in Wolgogri and Dangsanri of Songhaemyon showed the distribution of 27,166 of 49,280 figures, corresponding to 55.1%, between July and August. The numbers of patients with malaria were 48(32.4%) in July, 36(24.3%) in August, and 38(25.7%) in September with a prevalence with the ages of the twenties to the seventies. Of a total 154 patients, the male were 86(58.1%) and the female were 68(41.8%). The annual parasite index(API) were 6.44, 5.89 and 4.45 in Songhaemyon, Yangsamyon and Kyodongmyon, respectively. A high infection rate was found particularly in the areas within 2km from the Han river. By the immunofluorescence assays(IFA), 26 cases were positive with an antibody titers of 1: 32, of 220 residents in Songhaemyon and 336 ones with a potential case and contacted with the patients. By the blood test, there was no significance in alkaline phosphatase, alanine arninotransferase, total cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet between residents with an antibody titers of 1: 32 and <1: 32 in Songhaemyon.


The sandfish lizard, Scincus scincus (Linnaeus) inhabits the deserts of Africa and the Middle East and spends most of its time buried in the sand. Laboratory experiments have determined that Scincus can respond and orient to insects on the sand surface by detecting vibrations produced by movements of the insects. When buried, Scincus can detect and respond to crickets and mealworms moving over the surface at distances up to about 15 cm. These responses are guided by vibratory cues, not olfactory cues, as the lizards respond much less frequently to dead insects placed on the surface at equal distances. The lizard obtain directional information from the vibrations, and can localize the insects, orient toward them, and emerge from the sand to capture them. Scincus buried in the sand also respond differently to crickets and mealworms; the faster moving crickets elicit appropriately quicker emergences. Tests with artificial signals have demonstrated that the lizard respond differently to different temporal pat...


In this study, we show for the first time a global Clumping Index (CI) map at 500 m resolution derived using the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) product from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We found that the hotspot calculated from the MODIS BRDF product is underestimated in comparison with POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) measurements very near the hotspot, so the MODIS-derived CI could be overestimated without correcting the bias. We developed an approach to correct the MODIS hotspot magnitude against synchronous co-registered POLDER-3 data. Field measured CIs by the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies instrument from 38 sites were used to evaluate the global CI map. Validation indicates that a strong correlation between MODIS-derived NDHD and CI indeed exists, and red band is better than near infrared band in effectively capturing the structural differences among cover types.


This paper reviews the developing history of western sports sociology system,discusses the status evolvement of sports sociologists, research field and demarcation.Through analyzing the developing course of wester n sports sociology,the author finds out the clue of western sports sociology.


With development of 2.5/3G mobile networks,mobile multimedia downloading services are enjoying rapid growth.Therefore,it is of great importance to design,develop and build an efficient platform for mobile multimedia download services.This article introduces WAP downloading platform,WapMCMS,which is designed and implemented on Linux based on technologies such as JAVA,XML,ImageMagick,Mysql,etc.WapMCMS has functions such as multiple CP/SPs management,zero coding for developing WAP products,auto-matching mobile phones monitoring all the business processes.Prospects for the platform in 3G age are also discussed.


Silicon single crystals, implanted by He+, B+, Si+, and Ag+ ions, are investigated by the backscattering-channelling method. Alpha particles accelerated in the INP C-48 cyclotron to 1.4 MeV are used. In order to obtain the radiation damage depth distribution backscattering yields are analysed by single, multiple, and plural scattering. It is shown that plural scattering provides the most reasonable results and this scattering mode is therefore applied to analyse all the experimental data.

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Background: Although beef is a main source of protein in Western diets, very little has been published on allergic reactions to beef or the main allergens implicated in these reactions. The aim was to evaluate the IgE antibody response to beef in suspected meat‐allergic subjects and assess cross‐reactivity of beef with other vertebrate meats.


Introduction Autoimmune diseases are chronic and disabling conditions, especially because of the chronic pain they cause. Substance use disorders are on the rise in these patients, especially the problematic use of prescribed and over-the-counter analgesics. Objectives to study the socio-demographic profile of patients with comorbidity between substance use disorders and autoimmune diseases, to assess the reasons for admission, the length of hospitalization, and the main psychoactive substances found in these patients Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of the medical records of patients with substance use disorders co-morbid with autoimmune diseases who were hospitalized in the addictology department of the ar-Razi University Psychiatric Hospital in Salé between January 2014 and December 2021. Results 10 patients were included in our study, the median age was 42, 76% were male, 41.3% were single, 63% had an average socio-economic level. 43.5% of the patients had a medical history, the main reason for admission was depressive syndrome (50%), the most common autoimmune disease was insulin-dependent diabetes, followed by IBD Conclusions the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases and substance use disorders suggests the existence of common etiopathogenic mechanisms, the management of this comorbidity requires multidisciplinary collaboration Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Aiming at the optimal allocation of irrigation water in multi-water source project in water resource shortage area, this study developed a water resource joint scheduling optimization model for the reservoir and the pumping station under deficit irrigation conditions. In the model, the maximum annual yield of the irrigation area was the objective function; the water supply, water spill of the reservoir and replenishment water of the pump station at each stage as the decision variables; and the total annual water supply of the system, the reservoir operation criteria, the water rights of the pump station, and the water demand of the crop during the entire growth period were the constraint conditions. According to the characteristics of the model, a large system decomposition aggregation dynamic programming (DADP) method is proposed to transform N + 1 dimensional dynamic programming problem into N + 1 one-dimensional dynamic programming problem for solution. In addition, this study also uses real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and DADP to compare the algorithms, and discusses the performance of the two algorithms from the optimization of the algorithm and the applicability of the algorithm.


Much is written about the culture of a school in terms of maintenance as well as change. Cultures tend to be stable and yet subject to change. When technology changes rapidly, culture tends to change more quickly. The latest in home appliances, automobiles, houses, and technology, among other items, has made for rapid changes in values, ideals, goals, and culture in general. The Old Order Amish are known for their resistance to change. Horse drawn farm machinery is generally used in farming; carriages or buggies drawn by a horse are used for transportation. Electricity is not used in the home setting. Eighth grade education is terminal in Old Order Amish one room parochial school houses (Ediger, 1992). Plain colors of clothing are worn which distinguishes the Old Order Amish from other people in society. Worship services are held in homes, or barns if the weather is favorable. And yet, culture among the Old Order Amish is changing rather rapidly. No longer do the majority of these people make a living from farming. Recent studies that have been made indicate that about one-third earn their livelihood from living on a a farm and engaging in farm work; one-third do farm related work for others to earn a living; and one-third engage in nonfarm work. With large families and farm land being expensive, it becomes too costly for Amish to live and work on their very own farms. Thus an Old Order Amish man may make furniture for others, make horse collars for sale to other states and abroad, put in storm doors and windows for others, paint buildings, own a feed mill, or operate a small grocery store. Ingenuous ways may be found to have a large number of laying hens, such as 10,000, and yet be somewhat automated without the use of electricity. These large laying houses for egg production are very much like the latest in automation involving large scale farming operations (Ediger, 1995). Culture then does change rapidly, or slowly and surely where there is more resistance to change. Now what about school culture? Are there elements that should remain stable? What about changing certain patterns of behavior in school culture? The Athletic Culture I would like to indicate certain facets of school culture which may be quite prominent. At a basketball game, the bleachers are filled with patrons from the local district. The crowd is waiting for the boys' basketball team to enter the court. Here they come with their flashy, enviable uniforms, ushered in by six cheerleaders and an applauding crowd. Basketball team members truly look impressive with their convincing shots at the basket during warmup and in anticipation of the game. There are continuous cheers lead by the cheerleader and numbers played enthusiastically by the pep band. The crowd cheers lavishly as the referees indicate it is time to start the game. Much applause comes forth when a player scores by sending the basketball through the hoop. Each player on the court receives much adulation and praise, unless a fowl is committed. There may then be occasional booing by a spectator. The booing is made over a call made by a referee which goes against the side favored by the spectator. In the weekly paper of the city involving the local basketball team, there are large pictures of the players who played heroically if they won. There are equally large size pictures in the weekly paper of players of the team who lost in the hard fought game. Students comment much about the players on the local team and value highly the latters contributions to school. They can hardly wait for the next game to come. Pep assemblies are held during the school day prior to each basketball game. Much cheering and introducing of each player on the basketball team is in evidence during the assembly. The pepband also plays a few numbers to spur on efforts in winning the basketball game that same evening. Those on the honor roll pertaining to the academics have a very small write up listing their names only, for a semester, in the local weekly paper with no pictures of the involved students. …


Based on the definition,features of the program and the relationship between the program management and single project management,analyzes and introduces the major aspects such as early planning,organization mode,integrated management and resource allocation combined with Dujiangyan Yijiequ project,giving reference for the program management practice.


SNS(social networking service) has been integrated into public life.People upload their own information to the network and use the social networking sites to manage their social relationship.A large number of personal information is presented on social networks.Based on the Twitter platform,this paper designs to fi nd community structure of Twitter users.With the real-time information collecting,this paper rebuilds the relationships of users,improving Fast- Newman algorithms in dividing social networks.The paper uses a visualization system to automatically visualizing community structures,providing decision makers with user network behavior to implement personalized recommendation.


A. W. CRAFT. Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle. 'Head injury in children'. Accidents in childhood are a major problem, many resulting in a head injury and in 1971 in Newcastle 14% of admissions of children to the paediatric wards of the two major hospitals were for this reason. In previous studies the incidence of post-traumatic sequelae has varied between 0 1 and 45% and to clarify this further, 300 children admitted to hospital with a head injury have been studied. The behaviour patterns of schoolaged children before and after the accident were assessed using the Rutter behaviour inventory designed for parents and teachers, a control group being used for comparison of pre-accident behaviour pattems. The results indicate that children who had a head injury were more likely to have shown abnormal behaviour pattems before the accident than the control group. Many children show abnormal behaviour both before and after the head injury, but of those who were normal before the accident the incidence of abnormal behaviour at 2 years is less than 10%. The children exhibiting abnormal postaccident behaviour were not only those with the more severe head injuries. The incidence of neurological sequelae and post-traumatic epilepsy is low.


WebIDE is leveraged for IoT application development, which could adapt to the rapid growth of IoT applications and meanwhile facilitate the rapid development. Resource allocation is of vital significance in the WebIDE cloud service system. Existing resource allocation approaches may encounter issues such as unbalanced resource assignments, which could lead to the reduced system resource utilization or extended system response time. Existing methods are typically on the basis of predetermined resource demands for each task, and not applicable to the case that the resource demands are dynamic and unknown. This article predicts the tasks to be performed by the WebIDE cloud service through task pre-scheduling, and then applies the existing resource allocation methods. Firstly, all tasks are classified, based on the execution state, execution operations and WebIDE cloud server resource requirements. Secondly, the grouped tasks are mapped to different system states, with the Markov state transition probability matrix leveraged to model the transition probability between tasks, followed by the prediction model constructed. Finally, integrating task pre-scheduling with ant colony algorithm, WebIDE cloud server resource allocation is carried out. Experiment results show that adding the task prediction model could significantly not only reduce the task response time, but also improve the cloud server resource utilization.


It is shown that a holographic correlator with thin holograms application can be regarded as an optical neural network based on the outer product model. This network has a complete array of interconnections. Two versions of optical neural networks based on holographic correlators with interconnections fixed in different places are presented.


Study objective and design In Aalsmeer, a horticultural community near the main international airport in The Netherlands, a more than fourfold increase in the incidence of haematopoietic malignancies in young people was observed between 1980 and 1985. In a population based case-control study, the association with local environmental factors was investigated. Participants For each patient younger than 40 years of age (n = 14) diagnosed between 1975 and 1989, four age and sex matched controls were selected via local general practitioners. Methods All parents of patients and controls completed a questionnaire on their lifestyle, living conditions, and health, for several years preceding each individual diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, matched, and, if necessary, stratified for neighbourhood. Main results Increased ORs were recorded for intensive use of petroleum products and pesticides by the patients themselves and their fathers: OR petroleum products: 8-0 (95% CI 2-2,129-9) and 9 0 (10,661) respectively; OR pesticides: 6-0 (0 6,49 3) and 3-2 (1-0,10-1) respectively. Swimming in a local pond was also significantly associated with the disease: OR= 5 3 (1P3,17-4). In the 1970s this pond had been polluted by petroleum products and pesticides. Conclusions The increased incidence of childhood haematopoietic malignancies in Aalsmeer may have been associated with several specific local environmental factors. Interpretation of the results, however, should take into account the fact that confidence intervals were wide because of the limited number of cases. (J Epidemiol Community Health 1994;48:161-165) In 1985 a cluster of cancer cases was observed in the horticultural municipality of Aalsmeer. The parents of a boy who died of leukaemia reported to their paediatrician that they knew 12 people with a "similar" disease within a radius of 1 km. They wondered whether swimming regularly in a pond or the proximity of Schiphol airport could be causes. They suspected that the pond was polluted by pesticides and petroleum products. Aalsmeer is one of the world's main centres for flower cultivation. Almost all flowers are grown in greenhouses. Pesticides are used intensively but in order to meet all international regulations. Aalsmeer is within 5km of the main Dutch international airport, Schiphol, and has few, but very busy, roads. The municipality can be divided into western and eastern parts. Most people live in the western neighbourhood, which is located near a popular water recreation area. All reported cases were living in the less populated, more horticultural eastern part. Almost all the greenhouses are located in the east as well as another water recreation area which is permanently connected with the draining ditches of the greenhouses. An investigation was started because an association between leukaemia and occupational exposure to pesticides, petroleum products, and exhaust gases had been described.' An association between a leukaemia cluster and local environmental pollution, other than radiation,2 has been described before in Woburn (MA, USA), like Aalsmeer known for its flower cultivation,3 where a relationship was suggested with drinking water from a source contaminated with solvents.4 More recently a relationship was reported between leukaemia and living near busy roads.5 In those inhabitants of the entire municipality ofAalsmeer younger than 40 years of age, a more than fourfold increase in the incidence of leukaemia for the period 1980-85 was confirmed by the evaluation of routine nationwide disease registries.6 This suggested that the incidence in the area where most of the cases were concentrated was considerably higher than average. The limit of 40 years was chosen because of a natural break in age incidence curves of leukaemia. An investigation of local environmental pollution showed that surface water and soil samples in and around a natural swimming pond in the eastern water recreation area exceeded the acceptable limits for pesticides (including DDT), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and benzene. In the 1970s, a pesticide store on the border of the suspect pond had been burned out; there had also been an accident with a large fuel oil tank in adjacent waters. It was therefore decided to start a casecontrol study. Because of the diagnostic and Community Health Service Amstelland De Meerlanden, Amstelveen, The Netherlands Y M Mulder Community Health Service Zuid Kennemerland, PO Box 1622, 2003 BR Haarlem, The Netherlands M Drijver National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands I A Kreis Correspondence to: Dr M Drijver. Accepted for publication August 1993 161 group.bmj.com on June 23, 2017 Published by http://jech.bmj.com/ Downloaded from


THE motion of a Newtonian fluid and two classes of non-Newtonian fluids, namely, the Reiner-Rivlin fluid and the Rivlin-Ericksen fluid between two rotating coaxial cones having the same vertex has bee~ investigated by Bhatnagar and Rathna ~ taking into consideration the inertial terms in Oseen approximation. The main characteristics of the mofions ate the introducfion of secondary flows. In the case of non-Newtonian fluids the secondary flow is divided into two distinct domains. The stream lines in the inner region are closed loops. In the outer region the fluid mores more or less parallel to the generator of the cone to which it is closest, moving towards the vertex near one cone and away from the vertex near the other cone. In the present note we shall cons idera Maxwell fluid. 2, ~ We find that when the relaxation times are small the secondary flow characterisfics are similar in nature as predicted by Bhatnagar and Rathna.


Objective:To research the prevention effect and safety of Anti-wart lotion treating CA recrudescence after surgery.Methods:Random partnership clinical research method is used.In the treating group,67 patients are treated by razor combinated with Anti-wart lotion.In the comparing group,67 patients are treated by razor.The curative effect and the safety are determined by the standard of PASI.Results:The ratios of efficiency of the two groups are 88.06%and 55.22%respectively, and the ratios of recrudescence are 11.94%and 44.78%respectively.The ratios of efficiency and recrudescence of the two groups have obviously difference(P0.01 ).Conclusions:Razor combined with anti-wart lotion treating CA can increase the ratio of efficiency and reduce the ratio of recrudescence. It's proved that Anti-wart lotion has good prevention on the recrudescence of CA after surgery.


Two major uncertainties, dataset bias and perturbation, prevail in state-of-the-art AI algorithms with deep neural networks. In this paper, we present an intuitive explanation for these issues as well as an interpretation of the performance of deep networks in a natural-image space. The explanation consists of two parts: the philosophy of neural networks and a hypothetic model of natural-image spaces. Following the explanation, we slightly improve the accuracy of a CIFAR-10 classifier by introducing an additional "random-noise" category during training. We hope this paper will stimulate discussion in the community regarding the topological and geometric properties of natural-image spaces to which deep networks are applied.


There are a method and an arrangement for detecting a coil (L) described in an electronic circuit in which the coil (L) having a capacitor (C1) forms a resonant electrical circuit. To (L) to detect the presence or absence of the coil reliable, it is provided that the electrical resonant circuit is excited with a pulse which can be tapped during the vibration at a at the coil (L) the first coil terminal (S1) temporarily an outside of the predetermined voltage range lying generated voltage value, and that it is determined that voltage value suitable.


Abstract The high-pressure behavior of semiconducting cadmium thiogallate CdGa2Se4 with the defect chalcopyrite structure (I 4 , Z=2) is studied by in situ angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and optical reflectivity measurements in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. At 21 GPa an order–disorder phase transition to the rock-salt structure (F 4 3m, Z=4) occurs. Upon decompression, the metallic NaCl-type polymorph transforms into zinc-blende (Fm 3 m, Z=4) at pressures of 7.5–4 GPa. The recovered metastable semiconducting material is of the zinc-blende type.


This paper presents a realization of a current-mode biquad filter using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and a dual current output second generation current conveyor (DO-CCII). The proposed filter is constructed with two multiple current output OTAs (MO-OTAs), one OTA, one DO-CCII and two grounded capacitors. The circuit can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass transfer functions by choosing appropriate current outputs without any matching conditions of the circuit elements. And the characteristic parameters ω0 and Q can be tuned orthogonally through adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. The biquad filter enjoys very low sensitivities with respect to the circuit elements. An example is given together with simulated results by PSPICE. The filter circuit configuration is well suited for implementation in both bipolar and CMOS technologies.


In order to shrink mass and/or volume of a 150kW transformer, one idea is to operate at higher frequencies enabled by power electronics. Generally, the transformer volume and weight will decrease if the operating frequency increases. But with higher frequency, there will be increased losses, due to skin- and proximity-effect in the windings, and frequency dependent core losses. Increased losses and shrinking volume result in higher operating temperatures, which will result in higher cooling effort (volume and cost of cooling system). It is a multi-parameter optimization problem to find a transformer design with minimum weight (or, e.g., minimum volume or minimum material cost) for given constraints like maximum possible frequency due to the given power semiconductors, cooling system limitations and/or cost targets. There is a large parameter space, and a lot of different effects, often coupled, to be considered. In this paper, it is not the goal to show maximum possible frequency designs. Instead we show dependencies of specific optimized transformer designs for a 150kW medium frequency transformer with a ratio 1800V:750V.


The basic principles and method of exergy analysis are summarized in the paper. Applications in engineering practice are discussed systemically and comprehensively. Future developments of the exergy analysis methods are primarily predicted.


Abstract : European/Middle Eastern research in microelectronics is discussed under four topic areas: dielectrics, sensors, hybrid microelectronics, and non conventional processing. Several engineering in silicon nitride ceramics and sialons, Chemical compatibility of silicon carbides, Gas pressure sintering, Oxidation problems of nitrogen ceramics, Transparency of nitrogen ceramics. Keywords: Silicon nitride, Nitrogen glasses, Sintering.


A comparative study of the fire‐retardant efficiency of three commercial aryl phosphates—triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)—in PC/ABS blends was carried out. The thermal and hydrolytic stability of the fire‐retardant resins, as well as their physical properties, was also studied. The use of RDP and BDP is preferred over TPP because of superior properties, whereas BDP shows better fire‐retardant efficiency, hydrolytic stability, and thermal stability than RDP.


Researches on sex education for preschool children in Mainland China from 1992 to 2012 mainly focus on its necessity,objectives,principles,contents,ways,methods,implementing status,reasons and so on. There are four principal problems in these researches: simplicity of research methods,divergencies on some issues,narrowness and shallowness of research contents,and inflexibility of research ideas. Future studies need to adopt plural and scientific research methods,integrate understanding,clarify responsibilities,expand and deepen research contents, change and renew research ideas in order to form a special knowledge and expertise in domestic preschool children education research.


The present invention relates, in part, to the discovery that a pharmaceutical composition comprising aripiprazole and a carrier administered in a bolus injection resulted in an extended release profile similar to that obtained by the injection of a poly lactide-co-glycolide microsphere formulation containing the active agent. This surprising result suggests that pharmacologically beneficial extended release formulations without the complexities and expense associated with the manufacture microspheres.


The paper presents a time-domain approach to current and voltage decomposition and power terms definition under periodic, non-sinusoidal conditions. The approach makes reference to basic physical quantities only, like voltages, currents and their integrals and derivatives. Based on these quantities, instantaneous and average power terms are introduced, which are conservative in any electrical networks and naturally extend the definitions used under sinusoidal conditions. Since the defined power terms are additive quantities, the impact of each load connected to the network on total reactive and harmonic absorption can easily be evaluated. Moreover, the reactive power term has a precise physical meaning, being directly related to the energy stored in the network. An orthogonal decomposition of currents (and voltages) is also introduced, where each current component relates to a specific power or energy term and/or to supply voltage and load current distortion. Correspondingly, a decomposition of the apparent power into active, reactive and distortion terms is proposed, where the influence of supply voltage distortion on the distortion power is clearly indicated. Finally, the single-phase approach is extended to poly-phase systems. Relying on conservative quantities, the proposed approach offers a basis for distributed reactive and harmonic compensation under non-sinusoidal conditions.


3-glucan by cell of genus Euglena' (15 Aug. 1988) vol. 12, No. 299, (C-520) 3146 & Japanese Patent Applica tion No. 6371192 (31 Mar. 1988). Patent Abstracts of Japan entitled "Culturing of sin gle-celled green algae' (18 Jul. 1981) vol. 5, No. 111, (C-63) 783 & Japanese Patent Application No. 5648883 (2 May 1981). Di Luzio, "Immunopharmacology of glucan: a broad spectrum enhancer of host defense mechanisms' Trends in Pharmaceutical Science (1983) 4:344-347. Tomos et al., "A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis' Biochem. J. (1978) 174:283-290. Wolken et al., "Euglena: an experimental organism for biochemical and biophysical studies' Institute of Micro biology, Rutgers, The State University, (1961) pp. 13. Dwyer et al. (1971) Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 24:15-22. Prasada et al. (1984) Phytochemistry 23:2531-2534. Kiss et al., (1986).J. of Phycology 22:327-333. Inviet al. (1988) Agric Biol Chem 52:49-54.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of atypical antipsychotics on weight gain in the elderly resident with dementia or Alzheimer's disease, complicated with agitation and/or psychosis.

DESIGN
Retrospective chart review.

SETTING
Twenty-seven long-term care facilities in Indiana.

PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS
Residents of long-term care facilities with a diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer's disease, complicated by agitation and/or psychosis, and receiving atypical antipsychotics for a minimum of four weeks.

INTERVENTION
None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Changes in weight after initiation of atypical antipsychotic therapy.

RESULTS
Ninety residents were evaluated. Mean age was 83.4 years; 71% were female. Forty-nine percent of the residents gained weight. The residents who received risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine gained an average of 5.6 pounds, 8.2 pounds, and 6.1 pounds, respectively. Seven residents had a significant weight gain, and seven residents had a significant weight loss.

CONCLUSION
In our population we did not observe any significant weight change in individuals receiving risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine. Further prospective studies are needed to determine if there is a difference in potential weight gain among the various atypical antipsychotics in residents with dementia or Alzheimer's disease.


The test material was a specimen sampled from sections of a pipe operated for 41,914 hours at a temperature of 575°C and under a steam pressure of 28.2 MPa. The specimen subjected to metallurgical tests was a welded joint made of austenitic steel TP347HFG. The non-destructive tests and the macroscopic tests confirmed the lack of any welding imperfections. The test joint represented quality level B in accordance with related standard requirements. The microstructural tests of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) revealed the presence of the fine-grained austenitic structure with numerous precipitates on grain boundaries – probably M23C6 carbides. In spite of long-lasting operation, the mechanical properties of the test welded joint were high and did not exceed the standard-related requirements concerning the base material.


Owing to the popularity of ecotourism in US,it is necessary to delve in some masterminds of wilderness in ecoliterature from the perspective of ecological aesthetics so as to get a clear picture of how the American mindset on wilderness has come into being and how ecological aesthetic in US ecoliterature has exerted profound impact and shaped US ecotourism in turn. This paper first compares the two aesthetics,scenic and ecological aesthetic,and traces the burgeoning of ecological aesthetic in US,the sublime in particular,to its frontier hypothesis. Then it probes the deepening of ecological aesthetic in US with the case study of several influential eco-writers on wilderness,among which are Henry Thoreau's making wilderness home,John Muir's founding of national parks,Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic,Edward Abbey's spatial beauty,and wilderness in a broader sense from other US eco-writers. Finally with regard to problems arising from Chinese ecotourism, the enlightenments of US ecoliterature on Chinese ecotourism is suggested.


The present invention provides a method for preparing water-absorbent resin, characterized in that the ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomer to the water-absorbent resin precursor polymer obtained by adding the following general formula (1): [Chem 1] (In the formula, R1 is represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, R2 of two carbon atoms alkyl group having 1 to 6, X represents a radical selected from carbonyl-containing group, a phosphoryl group and a sulfonyl group at least one group.) is oxygen after the oxetane compound, and heating the crosslinking reaction; and a water-absorbent resin, wherein the water-absorbent resin obtained by the production method, water-retention capacity of physiological saline of 30g / g or more, the water-absorbing physiological saline under a load of 2.07kPa capacity of 28ml / g or more, water-soluble component is 20 mass% or less. Obtained by the process for preparing the water-absorbent resin of the present invention, water retention capacity, water-absorption capacity is excellent in various properties under load, and the water-soluble component and less safety also been considered, so for example, be applied to a paper diaper, incontinence pad , sanitary materials such as sanitary napkins, disposable diapers are particularly suitable.


Motivation in psychology has the meaning of stimulation, encouragement, or power generation for the occurrence of a behavior. The motivation for maintaining dental and oral hygiene is one of the efforts to improve health. Poor dental care can cause dental health problems. Problems that commonly arise in children are cavities, malocclusion, and periodontal disease. The type of research used is a type of descriptive research with interview guides in the form of questionnaires and direct examination with oral diagnostic devices with the number of respondents 74 people. The results of the research were conducted at Syifa Budi Bali Al Azhar Kindergarten in 2019 that the frequency of parents based on the maintenance motivation of children's dental health was 91.5 with a strong motivation category. The frequency of children sufferi ng from caries in primary teeth at Al Azhar Syifa Budi Bali Kindergarten in 2019 teeth with a caries average of 0.81 with a very low caries category. This study can be concluded that the majority of respondents have a high motivation to maintain dental health can affect the frequency of dental caries sufferers.


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the 45 F1 hybrids derived from 10×10 half diallel fashion along with ten parents and one standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14 were sown in randomized block design with three replications during kharif -2017 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The genetic components of variation were determined for 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% boll opening, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), ginning percentage (%), seed index (g), lint index (g) and oil percentage (%).The estimate of the components of variation revealed significant results for both additive (D) as well as dominance effects (H1 and H2) for all the characters except plant height non-significant H2 component, but in majority of traits (except plant height, lint index) H1 was higher than D indicating dominance components were important in the inheritance of seed cotton yield and its components. The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was found to be more than unity for all the traits (except plant height, number of monopodia per plant and lint index indicating partial dominance) indicating over dominance. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for all the traits. High estimates of heritability in narrow sense was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of monopodia per plant, ginning percentage (%), lint index (g) and oil content (%) suggesting that selection based on these attribute would lead to rapid improvement. Due to preponderance of non-additive gene effects of seed cotton yield per plant and most of its component traits, heterosis breeding would also be practically feasible in cotton.


Write once read many systems use optical disks onto which data is permanently written using a focussed laser beam. At the physical sector level on the disk, data can only be written once and cannot be erased and then rewritten. This is the great advantage of WORM technology for many applications: data cannot be accidentally erased. Many WORM sub-systems, however, are available with 'transparent' software which makes the write once optical disk appear to the operating system exactly like a rewritable hard disk. This means that standard application programs can be used with WORM storage without the need for any software modification. When a file deletion command is issued by the operating system, that file is simply made invisible. Good software packages include utilities which allow retrieval of deleted files and old versions of files. The author looks at WORM systems. >


Discloses a method for preparing an aqueous formulation of a single phase composition comprising metronidazole in a topical use. The composition of the formulations prepared by the method has a high specific activity and does not substantially cause acne, skin irritation and dryness. The composition of these aqueous formulations for topical application are particularly suitable for treatment of skin acne rosacea and other classes and certain dermatitis.


In mountain areas the correct identification of avalanche terrains is mandatory in or- der to avoid, or at least prevent, avalanche accidents in inhabited areas. Moreover, the localization of these terrains is also useful in remote areas with the purpose of increasing the overall knowledge of the investigated territory and in the prevention of avalanche accidents during tourist or generally out- door activities. Generally, the identification of avalanche terrain in large areas is carried out through stereovision devices with aerial images. This approach needs the use of specific software and hardware in order to accomplish the analyses in the best way. The solid ortho-image is a new image that can improve terrain analysis allowing the operator, whether skilled or not in photogrammetry, to accomplish complex analysis. The solid image conjugates in a unique support the chromatic information of a traditional photogram and the three-dimensional one of a digital terrain model. By moving the cursor on the image the operator is thus able to spot avalanche terrains by image inter- pretation but is also helped by the three-dimensional content of the support; the final output is a 3D plotting of avalanche areas. These data can be directly employed in avalanche mapping or as input in avalanche modelling.


Electrospinning of Silica Nanofibers: Characterization and Application to Biosensing. (August 2006) Pei-Hsiang Tsou, B.S., National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jun Kameoka Electrospinning is a technique to achieve nanometer scale fibers. Similar to the conventional spin methods of making fabric, the viscous polymer solution is ejected from a spinneret; stretched and solidified in the air, the solution forms the fibers. The different part of electrospinning among others is that the fibers are driven by the electrostatic force, which induces the repulsion inside the liquid and further reduces the diameter. The resultant product is a non-woven membrane, which is porous; and the pore size is around several nanometers to a micrometer wide. In this work, the relationship between the diameter of electrospun silica fibers, experimental parameters such as concentration and voltage, and between pore size of the fiber membrane and experimental time were studied. Materials used in the process are Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), butanol and spin-on-glass coating solution, which act as polymer carrier, solvent, and silica-precursor, respectively. Polymer/silica precursor composite fibers were ejected from the needle of a plastic syringe when an electrical field, as high as several kV/cm, was applied. Then silica fibers were achieved by baking the composite ones at 773 K for 12 h. Electrospun silica nanofibers were characterized


Assessment of ecosystem services (ES) is vital for environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. A number of approaches are used to map the ES of a range of the types of ecosystems in various scope scales around the world. With a view of facilitating the scientific background to address the relevant methods of ES assessment, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of the studies carried out in Africa and make an idea on the recent approaches used for ES mapping. In total, 503 abstracts were reviewed to identify the relevant publications from which 48 publications were used for the review. Model-based mapping, Proxy indicators-based mapping, Remote sensing (RS) and GIS-based mapping and Expert-based mapping approaches have been found to be applied to map ES in Africa. The approach of RS and GIS basis technics was generally predominated (56.25%) where studies on wetlands and mangrove ecosystems (44.44%) and at the local scale (70.37%) were mostly documented. The domain of ES dynamics (52.94%), ES supply (41.18%) and environmental change (34.29%) were largely addressed. Excluding articles because of 10-year publications could reduce some information related to the purpose of the review. However, the evidence provided in this document represents a significant step forward in ES mapping and conservation efforts to improve the sustainability of ES in Africa.


The redundancies of weighted frames provide useful information for signal reconstruction and image procession.In this paper,firstly the definition of weighted frames is introduced and some properties are proved;then the relationship between weighted frames and frame multipliers is discussed.So the bridge between weighted frames and multipliers is built,which will be benefit for further study.


Sharenting – a new term emerged over the past 10 years – refers to the practice of sharing textual and audiovisual contents concerning children online by their parents or guardians, potentially impacting the construction of children's digital identity before they can reach the age of consent. Based on a passive virtual ethnography carried out comparatively in Italian-speaking and English-speaking virtual communities focusing on children's wellbeing and health, this paper offers an empirical contribution to the study of sharenting. While contributing to the wider debates on the practices and discourses about sharing in digital media, this paper provides an analysis of how online and offline parenting cultures affect sharenting practices; how the consequences of sharenting are addressed in online communities; and how the privacy vs openness tension about sharing contents is negotiated by parents with regards to their own and children needs even in terms of digital security.


For almost two decades, I have incorporated oral history assignments into my upper division undergraduate courses, "assignments" which for selected students become intellectual (and at times personal) journeys. They learn more than family stories, a neighbor's life, or a stranger's tale, but also come away with an understanding of how to reconstruct and interpret narratives, the sinew and muscle of historical discourse. In classes with such titles as "Immigration and American Life" and "Conquests and Migrations: Mexican American History," students interview, transcribe, edit, contextualize, and historicize. Discussions of appropriate questions, of equipment and release forms, and most importantly, of trust and insight occur throughout the course, especially as the due date for the oral history project looms closer in the academic calendar. Early in the semester undergraduates raise "how to" questions, such as choosing equipment or starting conversations, then later they contribute their narrators' stories as they relate to themes addressed in readings and lectures (e.g. experiences of teenagers who wore zoot suits during World War II). Competing and even conflicting interpretations come to the fore and for many, they begin a self-reflexive process about their roles as interviewers and their responsibilities as historians. Of course, some students approach the assignment as nothing more than that-a class project which has little or nothing to do with their own lives. I cannot convey how truly numbing it is to


In epidemic and pandemic circumstances, mutant RNA viruses go into a Darwinian selection of species with the predominance of the most transmissible, pathogenic, and virulent variants. Nevertheless, our current knowledge about the determinants of emergence of the new mutants is limited. The perspective chapter presents theoretical concepts related to biological determinants responsible for viral mutations or potential variant emergence. A scoping literature review was done in biomedical databases (PubMed, Medline) and google search engine with papers selected based about the book chapter. Public health and governmental agency websites were utilized for most recent information. Molecular determinants, the heterogenic herd immunity achieved by world populations, partial induced natural immunity by the disease, partial artificial immunity caused by incomplete immunization schedules, animal reservoirs, immunosuppression and chemical and biological antiviral therapies can result in genomic mutations combined with immunological selective pressure resulting in emergence of variants of concern. These variants could be resistant to current vaccines and monoclonal antibodies and can influence the future directions of the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be a threat to international health security and thus it is important to increase the genomic surveillance for mutations and research into modified vaccines and monoclonal antibodies against newer antigens to prevent the prolongation of the pandemic.


Advertising is a key factor to stimulate an exchange process between the normal functioning of the market and the respective laws intended to monitor it. As such, advertisers utilize a bevy of methods and opportunities to attract the attention of potential consumers. Due to the constantly rising levels of competition in the market, advertisers often resort to newer and ethically questionable means of advertising. This paper shall assess one of the most obvious problems in the media market covert advertising, and how it is used by the media to manipulate audiences. Having analyzed the corresponding literature, this article shall explore, define, and determine the primary facets related to covert advertising. Additionally, this article aims to link the social circumstances that cause covert advertising with the recent changes found in media discursive practices.


Wangcang County is the area with the most frequent landslide in Sichuan Province.The evolution of the landslides in this area is very special because of the unusual geological conditions and topographical characteristics,hence it′s difficult to obtain the accurate result for the traditional assessment approaches.This research selected nine development factors of slope which contain the lithology,tectonic,inclination of contact surface,groundwater types,and the structure of the slope,and then the character functions was introduced to describe the influence modes of these factors,finally the landslide hazards assessment model was established based on the development factors of slope.The result can be more accurately reflect the distribution characteristics of the landslides in Wangcang County,and there was some practical significance to landslide prevention work of the study area.


Objective
To evaluate the safety and effect of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) general anesthesia in neonatal laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.

Methods
The clinical data of 100 neonates who had underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy were retrospectively analyzed. The neonates were divided into LMA group (50 cases) and tracheal intubation group (50 cases) according to the anesthesia method. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at the time points of preanesthesia (T0), tracheal intubation (T1), 10 min after tracheal intubation (T2) and extubation (T3), and the extubation time, and consumption of sevoflurane and postoperative complications were also recorded.

Results
All the 2 groups had smooth intubation and LMA, and the operation was completed successfully under laparoscope. There was no conversion to laparotomy. In LMA group, there were no statistical difference in heart rate and MAP at all the time points (P>0.05). The heart rate and MAP at T1 and T3 in tracheal intubation group were significantly higher than those at T0, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The heart rate and MAP at T1 and T3 were significantly lower than those in tracheal intubation group, heart rate: (131.1 ± 11.0) times/min vs. (146.9 ± 13.7) times/min and (131.9 ± 9.8) times/min vs. (147.3 ± 14.6) times/min; MAP: (44.2 ± 5.5) mmHg (1 mmHg= 0.133 kPa) vs. (47.9 ± 8.4) mmHg and (45.1 ± 7.3) mmHg vs. (49.1 ± 9.4) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or<0.05). The extubation time, consumption of sevoflurane and incidences of postoperative complications in LMA group were significantly lower than those in tracheal intubation group: (6.1 ± 2.2) min vs. (12.5 ± 3.6) min, (2.9 ± 1.1) ml vs. (5.1 ± 1.9) ml and 4% (2/50) vs. 48% (24/50), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01).

Conclusions
LMA anesthesia in neonatal laparoscopic surgery is activated to maintain the steadiness of hemodynamics, which has less stress, anesthetic drugs consumption and respiratory complications compared with tracheal intubation.

Key words:
Anesthesia, general; Infant, newborn; Laparoscopes; Retrospective studies


Abstract The effect of dispersion on a spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexed system with an optical preamplifier receiver is investigated using a theoretical model based on the statistics to improve understanding of spectrum slicing in a realistic situation, where dispersion significantly impacts the signal in transmission. The results show that the optically preamplified receiver delivers increased transmission capacity and a substantially improved power budget compared to a pin receiver. The results are obtained using the saddlepoint approximation and compared to the customary Gaussian approximation, which is found to be reasonably accurate in predicting the optimum bandwidth but conservative in sensitivity predictions.


This code is a useful tool against discrimination and unequal treatment. Is an excellent collection of national and European legislation in force regarding equal treatment.


By using the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the differential equation study the Cr 4+ :Nd:YAG passively Q-switch laser including excite absorption(ESA),we obtained the formula for repetitive frequency in a certain extension.Through experiment we have proved the correctness of our theory.


Through the theoretical lens of cultural posthumanism, this essay offers a reading of writer Robert Kirkman's The Walking Dead comics series (2003 ongoing). By referring to specific passages of Kirkman's script, this essay explores The Walking Dead 's psychologization of childhood as its narrative moves away from a satirical construction of the zombie apocalypse into the inquiry of contemporary (in)humanity.


Online search engine has been widely regarded as the most convenient approach for information acquisition. Indeed, the intensive information-seeking behaviors of search engine users make it possible to exploit search engine queries as effective "crowd sensors" for event monitoring. While some researchers have investigated the feasibility of using search engine queries for coarse-grained event analysis, the capability of search engine queries for real-time event detection has been largely neglected. To this end, in this article, we introduce a large-scale and systematic study on exploiting real-time search engine queries for outbreak event detection, with a focus on earthquake rapid reporting. In particular, we propose a realistic system of real-time earthquake detection through monitoring millions of queries related to earthquakes from a dominant online search engine in China. Specifically, we first investigate a large set of queries for selecting the representative queries that are highly correlated with the outbreak of earthquakes. Then, based on the real-time streams of selected queries, we design a novel machine learning–enhanced two-stage burst detection approach for detecting earthquake events. Meanwhile, the location of an earthquake epicenter can be accurately estimated based on the spatial-temporal distribution of search engine queries. Finally, through the extensive comparison with earthquake catalogs from China Earthquake Networks Center, 2015, the detection precision of our system can achieve 87.9%, and the accuracy of location estimation (province level) is 95.7%. In particular, 50% of successfully detected results can be found within 62 s after earthquake, and 50% of successful locations can be found within 25.5 km of seismic epicenter. Our system also found more than 23.3% extra earthquakes that were felt by people but not publicly released, 12.1% earthquake-like special outbreaks, and meanwhile, revealed many interesting findings, such as the typical query patterns of earthquake rumor and regular memorial events. Based on these results, our system can timely feed back information to the search engine users according to various cases and accelerate the information release of felt earthquakes.


Since the 1980s, a wide variety of Third World feminists have been critical of the liberal universalism of Western feminism. The denunciation of power hierarchies between the Global North and the Global South, and along the lines of race, class, ethnicity, nation, religion, among others, has given way to a growing concern with how difference challenges coalition building across boundaries, borders, and identity categories. In these conversations, gender has progressively become a productive node through which to understand these hierarchies, and the intimately powerful effects of colonialism, capitalism, and patriarchy in sewing the world together. For Janet Conway (2018, 190), these debates have motivated "a shift from a politics of global sisterhood to one of intense networking and coalition-building among feminists in NGOs [non-governmental organizations], academia, government and inter-governmental institutions premised on the recognition of difference as the basis for feminist collaboration." The relative success of transnational feminist networking in subsequent years, especially the 1990s, has been a topic of intense debate among feminists, leading to significant skepticism regarding the transformative power of more professionalized activism, such as that of femocrats, in the lives of the marginalized communities. Recent feminist transnational mobilizations – such as the Ni Una Menos movement and the International Women's Strike (IWS), among others – have shown a progressive distancing from institutional channels and traditional policy arenas, and a much more solid grounding in the multiple, intersectional, diverse grievances of the people. Lucía Cavallero and Veronica Gago (2017) claim that feminism, once considered a minority position that aroused much suspicion, has gradually been able to "[make] diversity a strength rather than a weakness," leading to the emergence of a "feminism of the masses." Under the banner of a "feminism for the 99%" (Arruzza, Bhattacharya, and Fraser 2019), these transnational movements have materialized locally in intricate ways, where they inspire difficult negotiations among different groups and have to respond to historically specific cultural, political, and social practices, bringing to the fore the many fault lines that sustain global power. While feminism is arguably one of the most globalized social movements, its materialization in particular contexts can both open up new visions and practices for building collective solidarity, as it can lay


In the history of optical fiber communications, there were key milestones in system R&D that helped usher in new phases of the field. Critical advances such as terrestrial systems, WDM, submarine systems, coherent communication and fiber in the access will be highlighted.


Today's computing technology has been able to create a complex 3D environment for the development of interactive graphical applications such as computer games and simulations. Geometric models in this 3D environment consist of thousands and even millions of polygons. This causes the graphics hardware system to experience difficulty rendering the entire model formed by a large number of polygons at a good interactive rate. Indirectly the cost of computation and processing time for each polygon for geometric objects also increases. The main goal of this research is to develop techniques to reduce the cost of computing for a large-scale Virtual Heritage System (SWM) environment. At the same time SWM can maintain the complexity of the 3D environment. This is intended to enable SWMs that are usually only feasible on high-performance computer systems in order to be implemented using lower-powered computer systems. Overall, this research has succeeded in generating new techniques for real-time display generation for SWM. These techniques are virtual environment management techniques, level-of-detail (LOD) techniques, culling portal techniques, and environmental detection techniques. The techniques produced are based on analysis of techniques for the optimization of memory space usage. The development of this project indirectly achieves the goal of overcoming the problem of computing costs and managing 3D objects in a complex virtual search system efficiently.


Tungsten carbide (WC) particles loading on hollow carbon spheres (HCS) have been synthesized by using ammonium metatungstate as W source, glucose as carbon source, P123 as dispersant and polystyrene sphere as template. The typical WC‐HCS composite has the WC particle sizes of 5–20 nm, specific surface area of 445 m2 g−1, pore volume of 0.24 cm3 g−1 and hollow spherical structure. The above structures of WC‐HCS favor dispersion of Pd particles and mass transfer. Therefore, the Pd/WC‐HCS electrocatalyst has 4.6 times higher peak current density and 130 mV more negative onset potential than that of Pd/C for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solution. The mass transfer property of WC‐HCS (due to structure effect) and promotion effect of WC on Pd are believed to be the origins of the excellent performances.


The design and maintenance of concrete dams in cold regions is a challenging task, in large due to the temperature difference between summer and winter. In order to enhance the knowledge of this, t ...


In Korea, more than four hundred earthquakes with medium intensity centered on off-coastal and inland of Korea during the past 20 years and due to the great earthquakes which occurred recently in neighboring countries the importance of the future earthquake preparedness measures in Korea is highly recognized.
More than 80 percents of residential buildings are constructed with unreinforced masonry structure, in Seoul. In general, unreinforced masonry structure don't have enough strength against the lateral force. And low rise buildings such as unreinforced masonry structure didn't adopted seismic design. So, a huge damage is expected when an earthquake occurs.
It is that the major variables of shear strength are the aspect ratio, the vertical strength and the method of masonry. The objectives of this study are, 1) to find out the shear behavior of masonry wall and the variables affect the shear capacity of masonry wall such as aspect ratio of the unreinforced masonry wall, and the vertical strength, 2) to propose the equation of the shear capacity of masonry wall by regression analysis using the test data.


Japan is the second largest power in the world in terms of economy, and its efficiency of energy and electricity is one of the highest among the countries. Focusing on analysis of the developing trend and the major influencing factors of Japan's energy utilization efficiency (economy efficiency) and electricity consumption efficiency, this paper expatiates the characteristics of energy and electricity consumption of Japan in different stages of economic growth after World War Ⅱ While proposing that economy structure adaptation, energy consumption structure optimization and economical energy use implementation are important factors in Japan's energy efficiency increase, it also points out the discrepancy between the electricity consumption intensity and the energy consumption intensity resulting from the continually rising level of electrification. Revelations are drawn from this study that will be instructive to the development of energy in China.


Models of revitalization contend that variations in population, housing, and real estate indicators can be used to detect this new form of neighborhood change. Drawing upon census block, city directory, and property sales data for five Nashville residential areas with revitalizing reputations, we test two sets of predictions made by the models, the first about trends in neighborhood characteristics after the perceived onset of revitalization and the second about reversals of prior trends. In general, the first set receives support but the second does not: While demographic and housing market changes during the 1970s are consistent with expectations, they often represent continuations rather than "turnarounds" of patterns evident in the 1960s. On the basis of these findings, an imbalance would appear to exist between the revitalizing images and objective experiences of the five areas. We conclude by suggesting that more research attention be devoted to the labeling process through which neighborhood images are transformed.


The Orpheum Theatre is located on the Southwest Corner of Washington and 2nd Avenue. The date assigned to this photograph is approximate.


This paper introduces a generic architecture that enables the development and execution of mobile multimodal applications proposed within the EU IST-511607 project MobiLife. Mobi Life aims at exploiting the synergetic use of multimodal user interface technology and contextual information processing, with the ultimate goal that the two together can provide a beyond-the-state-of-the-art user experience. And this led to an integrated concept, components of the underlying architecture are described in detail and the interfaces towards the application back-end as well as towards context aware resources are discussed. The paper also positions the current work against existing standardisation efforts and it pinpoints technologies required to support the implementation of a device and modality function within the MobiLife architecture


In this paper,a new power combiner at W band is proposed,i.e.,the coherent power combiner,in which a injection locked amplifier chain is used as basic amplifier unit and a H-T waveguide junction is used as 3dB power divider and combiner nets.On the other hand,four IMPATT amplifiers with 75mW rating output power are used.The experimental results show that the output power of this new W band coherent power combiner is as high as 250mW at the center frequency 93.23GHz and its operation band width is about 60MHz.Furthermore,the combining efficiency is about 80% and the DC to RF conversion efficiency is about 10%.Finally,the experiment and analysis indicate that coherent power combiner can work efficiently at W band and provide large enough power for the transmitter.


! German-held Frpnch coast and British coastal guns joined the assault, sending a sel'ies of porth-shaking, two-gun saLvoes aCI'O&S the wannel. Nazi big gun~ pO!lilions in the BouJogne a.nd Cap Ol'is Nez arcas appeared to be the target" of the post-midnight attack. The Germans struck back eot'ly today, IDaking lin hour 's attack 011 the lOutheast coast with high explosive and fire bombll. The daylight "aids yesterday over northern France brought to a iD188hing weekend climax tb war' greatest aerial offensive in which the RAl<' hurled between 6,000 and 7.000 pianos at the continent. , Hundteds of Britain's fightel' craft appeared to rule th air ovet tM enemy-occupied coast last * * * night as Bl'itish quarters e'timated that more than 3,000 bombers in th!' past week had dropped their destructive cargoes on cities of the Reich, beginning Eight. Squart M~les Of Cologne Reported Now in Utter Ruin Brltlsb eommalldos leap from Invulon. balKes u they return from their latest .... 1I1l on Ihe ~c"pled eoul of France, thllllllDe ~he. Boulo~e area where they ,alhered vital military Information. It wu Ihe ~eeond raid on Ibis .rell lit mile leSl Ihan a monlh.


Case Methods of Teaching is a new and effective teaching method. To introduce Case Methods of Teaching into the teaching of Philosophical Theory is of great importance. It helps realize the teaching purpose, promote the application of theory to reality, greatly enhance students' interest in learning abstract theories, increase the mutual interaction of teaching and learning, develop students' ability in analyzing problems and solving problems and shape their innovative consciousness. In order to do well in the Case Methods of Teaching in the course of Philosophical Theory, four links of chosen cases, pre-class preparations, class discussion and teaching evaluation must be paid enough attention to according to the characteristics of Philosophical Theory.


Papain, proteolytic enzyme extracted from the fruit of Carica papaya Linnaeus, presents great prospect for drug delivery due to the anti-inflammatory and antitumor proprieties and increased permeation. The present work aims to study variable process conditions of radio-induced synthesis, with the purpose of evaluating the influence of the parameters on the nanoparticle formation and potential for radiopharmaceutical loading. The synthesis was performed in the presence (20%, v/v) and absence of ethanol, phosphate buffer and ionizing radiation at 10 kGy, using 60Co as a radioactive source to promote crosslinking and simultaneous sterilization. The samples were evaluated by dynamic light scattering to verify hydrodynamic diameter, UV and fluorescence for verification of protein content and secondary structure, respectively. The enzymatic activity was evaluated using N-alpha-benzoylDL-arginine-4-nitroanilide (BAPA) as specific substrate. Parameters such as protein concentration, buffer molarity, pH, time and temperature of solvation and dose rate were studied in order to evaluate the changes and the effect of each condition on the formation of the nanoparticle. Subsequently, a study of the stability of the samples for 180 days and the efficiency of the radiolabeling with technetium-99m were carried out. Additionally, the nature of protein crosslinking and the sterilization was studied. It was concluded that the optimized synthesis of papain nanoparticles occurs at 10 mg.mL-1 using 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6-7) at 0°C, solvation time of 1 to 6 hours and dose rate of 5 kGy.h-1. By using these conditions, the formation of nanoparticles will occur more rapidly, with preserved proteolytic activity and considerable levels of cross-linking. Papain crosslinking are intramolecular and 10 kGy demonstrate sterilized potential. Samples were stable for 20-30 days when kept at 20oC and 04oC, respectively. Radiolabeling with technetium by direct route obtained efficiency of 90% and demonstrated great potential as a nanocarrier.


With compact-spun technology, and with sound schemes and rectified parameters of technology, 14.6tex combed cotton ring-spun yarn and compact-spun yarn have been spun. After comparing and analyzing on yarn abilities, we conclude that the capabilities of compact-spun yarn are superior. As a result, the cost can be reduced, increasing the economic benefits.


Perfectly balanced functions were introduced by Sumarokov in [1]. A well known class of such functions are those linear either in the first or in the last variable. We present a novel technique to construct perfectly balanced functions not in the above class.


We present the exact calculation of phase noise due to dithering in a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) whose output frequency is determined by the switching of elementary capacitors. The instantaneous possible frequency values depend on possible values of capacitors. Frequency resolution is improved by a dithering technique consisting in switching two capacitors values at a high frequency rate. The output frequency depends on the resulting average capacitor value that is function of time percentages during which each capacitor is selected. We give the exact expression of the output power spectral density (psd) and show that it decreases as 1/f4.


AN OVERLAY bearing is a bearing with a precision electroplated overlay of lead‐tin or lead‐indium alloy, 20 to 40µ thick. This lead‐alloy overlay is generally applied to a copper‐lead or lead‐bronze substrate, which is itself bonded to a steel backing. Bearings of this construction are probably the most extensively used type of engine bearings; many millions are manufactured annually. The main functions of the overlay are to provide a seizure‐resistant surface, to increase the tolerance of the bearing for dirt and wear‐debris, and to protect the lead in the underlying copper‐lead or lead‐bronze alloy from corrosion by oxidized oil. When mineral oils are exposed to air oxidation for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures, weak organic acids are formed which can dissolve pure lead. The lead in copper‐lead or lead‐bronze is present as a separate, unalloyed phase, very susceptible to corrosion by weak organic acids. However, it has been known for some time that if lead is alloyed with indium or tin it is not corroded in this way. Most bearing manufacturers incorporate at least 4%w indium or 8%w tin in overlays to make them resistant to corrosion, but precise information on the amounts of alloying element required is not available.


This case report describes a case of concomitant abducens and contralateral lower motor neuron facial nerve palsies following blunt head trauma
associated with left temporal bone fracture. A 11year old boy was brought to the emergency department with alleged history of fall from swing set.
Detailed ocular examination and assessment of function of all the twelve cranial nerves of the patient revealed left oculomotor nerve paresis, left
abducens nerve palsy and right sided lower motor neuron (LMN) facial nerve palsy. The patient was run through various neuroimaging
investigations which showed longitudinal fracture of the left temporal bone. The patient was treated aggressively with systemic and oral steroids.
On discharge, the left oculomotor nerve paresis had healed completely with no improvement in the other two affected cranial nerves. During one
month follow up, the abducens and facial nerve palsies still persisted.


Abstract Groups of male and female secondary school pupils in six countries in different parts of the world rated various forms of positive and negative behaviour. There were few differences between ratings of males and females in each country. Cross‐cultural comparisons showed that, while there was agreement between groups for assessments of some behaviours, there were substantial differences for many others. These results lead to the conclusion that there doex not appear to be a basis for postulating universal stages of moral judgment.