The invention discloses a method for achieving Bonjour services. The method includes the steps that a network device serving as a Bonjour monitoring device in a subnet monitors a local Bonjour service and gathers the service to a Bonjour management device, the Bonjour services, notified by the Bonjour management device, in other subnets are received and recorded, and when an m DNS message, of an inquiry about one Bonjour service, sent by a terminal in the subnet is received, the corresponding Bonjour services in other subnets are responded to the terminal. Based on the same conception, the invention further provides the network device. The network device can make the terminal in any subnet find out the Bonjour services of the whole network and manage the Bonjour services crossing three layers of networks in a centralized mode.


This article addresses the hotly debated topic of sexual preference and the legal rights of gays in employment. We focus on federal and state legislation and policies regarding sexual preference in employment and the related court decisions. Toward the end of the article, we discuss same-sex sexual harassment. Generally, we show that a person's sexual orientation is protected much more strongly in the public sector than in the private sector and that the courts are gradually strengthening the employment rights of people that we commonly call "gay" today, e.g., homosexuals, lesbians, bisexuals, or transgendered persons. When we later use the term "gay," we will be referring to this broad classification unless we specifically narrow the term to include fewer groups of people. Sexual orientation, more specifically, gay rights, is one of the most divisive and emotional subjects of our time. This issue has once again attracted the nation's interest because of several recent events: 1) the Supreme Court ruling in Lawrence and Garner v. Texas striking down a Texas law prohibiting consensual homosexual activity in the privacy of one's home [1], 2) Massachusetts' high court finding that the state constitution requires recognizing same-sex marriages [2], 3) the failed attempt to pass a constitutional amendment outlawing gay


Technology has evolved every sector in this world more useful. Agriculture is the backbone of our country. But nowadays farmers economic is affected drastically in the modern world compared to the older days. The major affecting factor is their employment, so we decide to solve the problem using our system. It is basically the concept of hiring the farmer giving them work and paying per hourly/day charges. We also incorporated the concept of sell/share/hire of land in which farmers can sell their land if they cannot maintain it, sharing concept is the method in which the farmers will get help from outsider money and they will share half of the profit with the co-share person then the hiring part is a farmer can hire a farmland and do agricultural works and then they pay rent for the hired land. We also aim to make the people to experience the farming and can know how farmer is struggling in making the cultivation. This is the ultimate purpose of the system Farm-a-cation: a support for farmer.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine: how financial practices are diffused across countries and who are the carriers of diffusion; and to determine why the nature of adoption varies across countries and specific institutional fields and why certain practices are adopted in some settings but not in others. Design/methodology/approach - In the macro portion of the study the authors document how World Bank loans in Latin America have encouraged the adoption of particular configurations of accounting and accountability practices. In the micro portion of the study, they analyze the cases of Guatemala and Mexico as a way of illustrating the ways in which the configuration of institutional players, capitals and habitus within these two sites have influenced the adoption of Bank recommended financial practices. Findings - First, the analyses illustrate that the World Bank functions as an agent of diffusion via direct contact and through indirect modelling activities. Second, the analyses show that diffusion is not an automatic process – rather the predisposition of national governments, the embodied history of higher education and the distribution of capitals within the field influences whether financial reforms will be attempted. Third the analyses illustrate that, even when the introduction of new accounting and accountability mechanisms are attempted, other important field participants such as students can partially block the introduction of financial reforms. Originality/value - The current study illustrates that international organizations such as the World Bank facilitate the diffusion of accounting and accountability practices but that local actors influence if, when and how accounting will be introduced and implemented.


water power — but no mention is made of the even greater efforts, for example, to harness the Sheffield rivers to power the forges of the iron industry. The remaining parts range widely from the practical means of supplying water and of disposing of sewage, beliefs in the healing properties of water, and the detrimental effect of water-borne diseases. Short sections are devoted to wells, pumps and water towers. Some subjects receive more extensive coverage, most notably Sir Joseph Bazalgette's London Main Drainage project (something of obvious interest to an author who has also published a book on Diseases, Privies and Rubbish; The Archaeology and History of Public Health). Part 10 ventures into water for transport, but again there is much imbalance: the amount of text devoted to the Wey Navigation in Surrey misleads the reader into assuming that this was of major importance in the water-borne transport network of Britain! The breadth of scope is initially intriguing, but ultimately accounts for at least part of this work's shortcomings, since treatment of many subjects is extremely superficial. There are few attempts to use the surviving material evidence to expand on the basic historical information, and no analysis whatsoever of the significance of water in human development to lift the narrative beyond simple and often disconnected description. Numerous illustrations are offered, but the predominance of examples from southeastern England and eastern France creates a parochial impression which belies the book's aims. The concluding 'Water's Future in the Past' briefly highlights the challenges posed by growing demand for drinking water across the world and the renewed interest in hydro-electric generation for sustainable energy, but no effort is made to show how lessons might be drawn from the history of water usage presented earlier in the book. This book is not, sadly, an 'archaeology of water' since it lacks any analysis of the ways in which the use of water has influenced human existence in the past and is too much a presentation of a miscellaneous collection of artefacts in roughly chronological order which simply point the reader towards ways in which water has long been used.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of the research concerning conflict and conflict management in virtual teams (VT), to contribute to the further integration of knowledge among different streams of research and to develop an interpretative framework to stimulate future research.

Design/methodology/approach
A data set of 107 relevant papers on the topic was retrieved using the Web of Science Core Collection database covering a period ranging from 2001 to 2019. A comparative bibliometric analysis consisting of the integration of results from the citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling was performed to identify the most influential papers. The systematic literature review complemented the bibliometric results by clustering the most influential papers.

Findings
The results revealed different intellectual structures across several types of analyses. Despite such differences, 41 papers resulted as the most impactful and provided evidence of the emergence of five thematic clusters: trust, performance, cultural diversity, knowledge management and team management.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the bibliometric analyses an interpretative research agenda has been developed that unveils the main future research avenues. The paper also offers important theoretical contributions by systematizing knowledge on conflict in identifying VTs. Managerial contributions in the form of the identification of best practices are also developed to guide conflict management in VTs.

Originality/value
The uniqueness of this paper is related to its effort in studying, mapping and systematizing the knowledge concerning the topic of handling conflicts in VTs. Considering the current contingencies, this research is particularly timely.


Around 151 farms were studied at EL-Gubba and Alabraq area, one of the important agricultural zones of ELJabal EL-Akhdar (the green mountain) located north of Libya at an altitude ranging between 600 - 800 meters above sea level. The area is characterized by a semi-humid climate with an annual average temperature of 18 degrees Celsius and average annual rainfall of about 382 mm/year. The main crop products of the area are: Cereals, Vegetables and Fruits. Chemical analysis showed that soil is alkaline (pH 8.4 - 9.2) and the electrical conductivity ranging between 0.96 - 2.09 dS/m. High proportion of heavy metals was recorded, Cadmium concentrations ranged between (0.02-0.15 mg/kg). Lead concentrations ranged between (0.1 – 0.63 mg/kg). Mercury concentrations ranged between (0.03 – 0.06 mg/kg) and Copper concentrations between (0.68 – 2.11 mg/kg) all exceeding the respective permitted limits, these results clarify a high soil pollution by Fertilizers and Pesticides. The study showed also that most farmers do not apply crop rotation and they lack the information and knowledge needed for the application of pesticides and fertilizers (1.3 % only have the knowledge) and the adequate management of farms (53 % are illiterate), (76.8 %) of them are applying chemical control against pests instead of mechanical or biological control, and only (0.7 %) are accurate in the use of Fertilizers and Pesticides. Other human activities are covered in this study.


Summary

ZnS:Dy and (ZnS:Mn,Dy) phosphors have been prepared in an inert atmosphere of pure nitrogen gas at about (950 ± 20) °C. The photo luminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) and spectra of these phosphors have been studied at room temperature. The purpose of this work is to know in what ways the spectraal characteristics of ZnS phosphors are affected by the introduction of Dy3+ and Mn2+ ions and also to determine unambiguously the electronic transitions involved in the energy transfer.


Plants express a finely tuned immune system. Recognition specificity resides in a limited number of protein families, the largest of which contains N-terminal signaling domains, a central nucleotide-binding (NB) cassette with broader homology to Apaf-1 and CED3 and various lengths of Leucine-Rich Repeats (LRRs). There are roughly 150 NB-LRR genes in the complete Arabidopsis thaliana genome. They are predicted to encode intracellular proteins. Each NB-LRR allele is typically activated by a single signal, usually a protein, encoded by particular alleles of pathogen genes. Thus, this branch of the plant immune system exhibits specificity. Phytopathogenic bacteria, like Pseudomonas syringae, use evolutionarily conserved type III delivery pili to transit type III effector proteins into the host cytosol. Type III effector proteins, and presumably other virulence factors, can contribute to disease by dampening the host's basal defense response to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or by providing a more nourishing microniche for the growing pathogen colony. Following infection, Arabidopsis RIN4, a plant protein of unknown function, is targeted by three different type III effector proteins, AvrRpm1, AvrB and AvrRpt2 from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and the two NB-LRR disease resistance proteins, RPM1 and RPS2 physically associated with RIN4, respond specifically to the their presence to trigger disease resistance. To further investigate the R gene signaling pathways mediated by RPM1 and RPS2, several lines of experimentation were initiated. Here, we further characterize RIN4 function. We describe that RIN4 is a negative regulator of RPM1 and RPS2.


In Internet-protocol (IP) telephony, problems of transmission delay variations are frequently addressed with adaptive dejitter buffering techniques. These are aimed at setting the buffer dimension so as to limit the packet end-to-end delay, the total packet loss, or both together. The selection of delay and loss limits is of key importance for the resulting conversational quality. This problem is addressed in this letter, whose main contribution is the introduction of a perceptually motivated optimality criterion that allows the receiver to automatically balance packet delay versus packet loss. In the proposed approach, the dejitter buffer size is adaptively set, and the adopted criterion relies on the use of a simplified version proposed by Cole and Rosenbluth of the conversational-quality International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) E-Model.


Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright, short-duration radio transients with very high brightness temperatures implying highly coherent emission. We suggest that the FRBs are caused by the self-focusing of an electron beam interacting with an ambient plasma right beyond the light cylinder radius of a neutron star. The magnetic field at the light cylinder radius is relatively high which can accommodate both young Crab-like systems and old millisecond pulsars addressing the diverse environments of FRBs. At the first stage, the intense pulsed-beam passing through the background plasma causes instabilities such that the trapped particles in local Buneman-type cavitons saturate the local field. The beam is then radially self-focused due to the circular electric field developed by the two-stream instability which leads to Weibel instability in the transverse direction. Finally, the non-linear saturation of the Weibel instability results in the self-modulational formation of solitons due to plasmoid instability. The resonant solitary waves are the breather-type solitons hosting relativistic particles with self-excited oscillations. The analytical solutions obtained for non-linear dispersion and solitons suggest that, near the current sheets, the relativistic bunches are accelerated / amplified by klystron-like structures due to self-excited oscillations by the induced local electric field. Boosted coherent radio emission propagates through a narrow cone with strong focusing due to radial electric field and magnetic pinching. The non-linear evolution of solitons and the stimulated emission are associated with the Buneman instability and the possibility of the presence of nanosecond shots in FRBs are investigated. in fusion reactors, astrophysics and plasma wake-fields for accelerating electrons to higher energies.


Sparse matrix converter (SMC) is an indirect AC-to-AC power electronic converter that has a fictitious DC link between rectification and inversion stages in which neither a capacitor nor an inductor, as the storage element, is utilized. Due to this advantage, SMC is used in AC drives, marine thrust systems, aerospace industry, as well as in wind energy applications. On the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is competitive in wind turbine applications due to their prominent features. In this work, a fuzzy fractional-order PID (FFOPID) controller is designed for a PMSG based wind energy conversion system (WECS) which employs a three-phase three-level SMC. The FFOPID controller is chosen to combine the salient features of the fractional-order calculus and fuzzy logic operations to enhance the dynamic response of classical PID controller with fixed gains. The simulation results taken under different case studies are analyzed in detail, which demonstrate the superiority of the designed FFOPID controller over classical PID control approach in tracking d- and q-axis current references of the SMC at the output. With the designed control approach, the smooth control of the real and reactive power injections into the grid from the WECS are ensured with acceptable transient response.


With families home schooling their children, caring for young babies and managing housework during lockdown, it is important for health visitors to promote home safety advice to help prevent unintentional accidents and injuries


This concept paper synthesises the special issue with an integrated discussion of all four papers published therein, from the viewpoint of the theme of this special issue: opportunities and challenges for future empirical research in corporate finance. The four papers highlight that future empirical research faces the challenge of acknowledging fundamental paradigms in the literature. These include analytical models of capital structure, agency theory, the literature on Initial Public Offering anomalies and earnings valuation. An opportunity for future empirical research is to use these foundations to contribute to emerging paradigms. The latter include the empirical evidence of the shareholder wealth effects of government investment, managerial overinvestment and the acknowledgement of unlisted entities within capital markets research.


A 55-year-old woman with known Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) G11778A mtDNA mutation carrier status presented with 1 week of right eye pain and decreased visual acuity. She had an upper respiratory tract infection 3 weeks before. Her medical history included that of migraine with an aura, smoking, and social alcohol use. On examination, visual acuity was 6/24 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. Color vision was 1/7 (test plate only) in the right eye and 7/7 in the left eye, and there was a right


It used lead core type laminated rubber pad as a base isolation device. Using the ANSYS software, it analyzed the modality of a multilayer concave-convex irregular reinforced concrete frame structures before and after seismic isolation. Comparison of the cycle, frequency and modal participation mass coefficient of the multilayer concave-convex irregular reinforced concrete frame structure before and after isolation in Kobe wave. It concluded that the lead laminated rubber bearings for multilayer concave-convex irregular reinforced concrete frame structures have seismic isolation effect.


This paper illustrates one way in which the computer can be used to complement and exploit a theoretical course in En~lish grammar. The practical application of grammatical knowledge in the computer-assisted analysis of various genre categories offers a macroscopic, or "bird's eye," view of the texts in the corpus. The work allows us to test assumptions concerning the linguistic structure of given types of discourse. After a brief review of relevant aspects of the English verb phrase, the paper discusses the methodological problems of concordancing and offers a simple methodology for analyzing results. Finally, the paper shows how valid, and in certain cases, surprising conclusions can be drawn from this form of macroscopic discourse analysis.


The article discusses the impact of the process of digitalization of the economy on the legal regulation of disciplinary liability of employees in the context of the development of the concept of «disciplinary misconduct» as the actual basis for applying this type of legal liability.


Taking the intergovernmental relations′ changes as main thread,this study probes into the effect of longitudinal changes between central government and local government on basic education in its development history.Then we discuss the contradictions that exist in their development.At last,we make some recommendations on how to rationalize the relationship between them.


Appreciation of recent seminar and reporting that they have assigned three men to a VA program on a full-time basis.


APREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED coronavirus causes the highly contagious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the World Health Organization (WHO) announced last week. That finding, paired with the sequencing of the virus's genome, should lead within weeks to sensitive and selective diagnostic tests for the deadly disease. But effective drug treatments are still months or years away, scientists acknowledge. "The pace of SARS research has been astounding," said David L. Heymann, executive director of WHO's communicable diseases programs. "Because of an extraordinary collaboration among laboratories from countries around the world, we now know with certainty what causes SARS." The pathogen is a member of a family that includes a virus responsible for about a third of all common colds. Like other RNA viruses, coronaviruses are prone to mutate rapidly. The coronavirus is one of a number of microorganisms isolated from SARS patients that have been under intense investigation since shortly after t...


This article represents the reworking of the paper delivered by Wentzel van Huyssteen at the Johan Heyns Memorial Lecture on 25
May 2016 at the University of Pretoria.


The transition from elite education to mass higher education puts forward a new thinking to the quality problem of higher education.In this article,it is argued that the mass higher education should set up the quality view of diversification,applicability and overall development.And it brings forward some measures towards raising the quality of mass higher education at the same time.


Grounded was the rationality and the technology of producing permanent joints by combining the processes of welding and brazing using heat generated in the process of arc burning was described. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of formed brazed component on strength of the joint and structure as a whole. Developed were the methods for manufacture of pilot specimens, allowing establishing the necessary dependencies of strength of joints on type of braze material and its quantity. Namely the strength tests and processing of experimental data were performed in accordance with recommendations of GOST 28830—90. The use of programs of finite element analysis allowed determining the optimal welding conditions with concurrent brazing and the amount of braze material that can be melted. This technology can be used for repair of frames of transport machinery, damaged by cracking, by welding-on of strengthening cover plates. Also, it is rational to use the developed technology in production of frame structures. It was proved that the use of technology for producing permanent joints by combining the processes of welding and brazing using braze alloys based on copper can increase the strength of joint by one third as compared to conventional joint. 12 Ref., 3 Tables, 4 Figures.


To acquire advanced nanoporous fluorinated polyimide (F–PI) films with low dielectric permittivity applied in microelectronic fields, as a feasible tactic, the SiO2/F–PI nanohybrid films were first synthesized to employ an in situ polymerization process by controlling the dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in polymer and the chemical reaction of monomers composed of F–PI. Then, the removal of SiO2 nanoparticles from the SiO2/F–PI nanohybrid films by HF acid etching gives rise to the amount of nanopores with a diameter of about 40 nm in the porous F–PI films, which can be confirmed by observing TEM image results. The relationship between the microstructure of the nanoporous F–PI films and the properties, including relative dielectric permittivity, thermal stability, contact angles, and mechanical strength, was discovered. The relative dielectric permittivity of the nanoporous F–PI films was decreased to 2.45 while the films still displayed good mechanical properties and thermal stability. So this type of adv...


Background: Limited information is available on the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing CNBG) vaccine, especially in the elderly, despite the fact that it is approved in more than 50 countries. Methods: Virus neutralizing antibody titres, as a rapidly available but highly predictive surrogate marker, were measured after two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine in 450 subjects. Results were analyzed in a multivariable model accounting for age, sex and time since the administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Findings: Sex and time since the second dose had little association with the antibody titres. Age, however, was highly relevant: measurable antibody levels were present in about 90% of individuals below the age of 50, but antibody production after BBIBP-CorV vaccination was strongly reduced with increasing age. A large number of elderly subjects, reaching 25% at 60 years, and up to 50% at ages over 80, were found not to produce any protective antibody. Interpretation: Neutralizing antibody titre, as a correlate of protection for COVID-19 disease susceptibility, should help to evaluate the effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Results suggest that proper measures should be undertaken to prevent a potential outbreak of COVID-19 in BBIBP-CorV vaccinated but eventually unprotected elderly individuals. Funding: No specific funding was used to carry out the study.


In the article, authors describe an issue of evaluating the effectiveness of the consolidated groups of taxpayers (CGT). In the context of the work the criteria for the evaluation of the tax system by various authors were described and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of CGT were identified. The authors proposed the methodology of evaluation activities of CGT on the basis of identified criteria. The results of the evaluation can be used to make changes in Russian legislation, due to which additional finance for the development of the country can be attracted.


Persatuan Islam (abbreviated PERSIS or Islamic Union) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia founded on 12 September 1923 in Bandung by a group of Muslims who are interested in education and religious activities. PERSIS is important because it has attempted to define for Indonesian society just what it is that constitutes Islam, the basic principles of that religion are, and constitutes proper religious behavior for Muslims.


Phase acceptance of the Alternating-Gradient Synchrotron Linear Accelerator is theoretically examined and found to agree well with an experimental determination of phase acceptance. Bunching in the AGS linac is also analyzed, the results indicating a satisfactory understanding of this process also. A double buncher that should be more efficient than the present single buncher is discussed, and space charge effects (as yet unobserved in bunching) are analyzed. (D.C.W.)


In order to facilitate the staff to use the mobile phone to quickly and accurately obtain vehicle information to complete the vehicle inspection, based on the research of digital image processing technology and convolutional neural network theory, an automatic vehicle license plate recognition system which uses the open source computer vision library Opencv and the deep neural network framework Tensorflow based on the Android platform is developed. This system completes the tasks of finding the position of the license plate of the vehicle, segmenting and recognizing the characters of the license plate. Experiment results show that this system has a certain adaptability and a good license plate recognition effect.


Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is a rare membrane disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding alpha-spectrin. Its main manifestation is variable hemolytic anemia. Microcytic poikilocytes in peripheral blood smear are a characteristic but not exclusive finding. Although definite diagnosis is made by massive sequencing identification of the related mutations, cytology is still a useful tool for carrying out an appropriate differential diagnosis and in guiding the molecular study. In addition, morphological follow-up allows the identification of a subgroup of patients that will evolve clinically and morphologically to mild congenital elliptocytosis. These subjects have been classified by some authors as infantile poikilocytosis. We present the case of a patient with infantile transient poikilocytosis.


Safe path planning in autonomous driving is a complex task due to the interplay of static scene elements and uncertain surrounding agents. While all static scene elements are a source of information, there is asymmetric importance to the information available to the ego vehicle. We present a dataset with a novel feature, sign salience, defined to indicate whether a sign is distinctly informative to the goals of the ego vehicle with regards to traffic regulations. Using convolutional networks on cropped signs, in tandem with experimental augmentation by road type, image coordinates, and planned maneuver, we predict the sign salience property with 76% accuracy, finding the best improvement using information on vehicle maneuver with sign images.


Shortening comprising a compatible polymer blend comprising a teoyi imide and polyphenylene ether sulfone in poly-of stretching, high yield extruded as a film capacitor, wherein the polyether imide aromatic dianhydride and m- phenylenediamine, p -phenylenediamine, or contains units derived from the diamine polymerization comprising a combination thereof, and is emitter end-capping the polyimide substituted or unsubstituted aromatic primary monoamine to the pulley, wherein the polyphenylene ether sulfone includes both ether connecting part and an arylsulfonyloxy connection in its backbone, wherein the compatible polymer blend has an average cross-section comprises from about 0.01 microns to about 20 microns in a dispersed phase, wherein the high-yield extrusion capacitor film is used for producing a capacitor film of the total of the compatible polymer blend, which flows into the extruder a compatible polymer blend, which flows into the extruder, Based on the amount, and includes at least about 90% by weight.


To discuss the feasibility of straw used as feed,the effects of lactic acid bacteria and rice bran addition on quality of medium japonica rice straw silage were studied.Four experimental groups were added respectively with lactic acid bacteria,rice bran,lactic acid bacteria + rice bran,and no additives as blank control.Addition standard of lactic acid(1.6×105 CFU/g) bacteria preparations and rice bran were 0.02 and 100 g in 1 kg fresh cut rice straw,respectively.All materials were detected after ensiling for 45 d in polyethylene bags.The results showed that,in adding lactic acid bacteria group,water soluble carbohydrates(WSC) content,dry matter recovery(DMR),lactic acid(LA) content and lactic acid/acetic acid(LA/AA) value were increased by 59.34.34%,3.82%,34.78% and 332.64%,while volatile fatty acids(VFAs) content and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(AN/TN) value were decreased by 53.74% and 36.68%,compared with the control.The differences of above indexes between the two groups were all significant(P0.05).In adding rice bran group,the WSC content,DMR,LA content and LA/AA value were increased by 26.52%,17.08%,157.10% and 349.31%,while VFAs content and AN/TN value were decreased by 44.90% and 46.68%.The differences of these indexes between the two groups were significant(P0.05).Silage quality of adding lactic acid bacteria + rice bran group was the best among the four groups,and all indexes were significantly better than those of control(P0.05),except for acid detergent fiber content.There had been positive correlation between pH and VFAs,but negative correlation between pH and LA or AN/TN.It was indicated that the combination application of lactic acid bacteria and rice bran had better effect on fermentation quality of rice straw.


Hydantoin compounds are a kind of heterocyclic compounds which contain a variety of replacing groups. They can be extracted from natural and synthetic. Because of containing so many types of replacing groups and large reactivities,hydantoin compounds and its derivatives have many kinds of pharmacological effects and a broad application value in medicine and health care,fisheries,industrial and other fields. This article will expound pharmacological of hydantoin compounds.


From singlet energy transport studies in several mixed molecular crystals, at liquid helium temperatures, we deduce relative trapping efficiencies for several &methylnaphthalenes and anthracene in naphthalene, and compare these to the efficiency of naphthalene in perdeuterionaphthalene (ClOHB/C1,,DB). We find that all these species are more efficient than naphthalene, but only by a factor of 2-8, with small energy funnels (order of 4 molecules) being generated around these trap molecules. We also discuss the possible contributions to trapping from phonon (and localized phonon) effects.


Background: The efficacy and feasibility of bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) under general anesthesia (GA) has not been evaluated. Objective: We compared the outcome of patients under GA with those who were operated on under local anesthesia (LA). Material and Methods: Thirty-three patients were assigned to the GA group (desflurane) and 19 patients were assigned to the LA group. Microelectrode recording (MER) was performed in both groups. The surgical outcomes of the patients were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) after at least 12 months after surgery. Results: Postoperatively, there was no significant difference on the UPDRS scores in either groups. A significant deterioration in cognitive function in the GA group was observed (p = 0.017). The recorded electrode coordinates, the average tracts for the MER, and STN depth were comparable in both groups. The overall incidence of adverse effects did not show any difference except that the incidence of sialorrhea and dysarthria was significantly higher in the GA group. Conclusion: Desflurane GA was shown to be a good alternative anesthetic method for PD patients undergoing DBS. Although the motor outcomes were comparable, a significant cognitive decline may be seen in the GA group with a higher occurrence of stimulation side effects.


Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder among adult women and is characterized by spontaneous leakage of urine when there is a sudden increase in abdominal pressure caused by, for example, during laughing, sneezing or coughing.1 The morbidity of UI is high, affecting up to 27.6% of women globally, of which SUI accounts for 50%.2 Most SUI patients present with thin and weak pelvic supporting structures and increased mobility of the bladder neck and proximal urethra. If the abdominal pressure is elevated, the stress is transmitted not only to the bladder but also to the bladder neck and urethra, thus causing UI.3 Acupuncture is a recognized therapy for SUI. Here we report a case of a patient with SUI, in whom acupuncture at CV3 (Zhongji) appeared to immediately reduce the mobility of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, which may help the interpretation of acupuncture's mechanism of action in SUI.


We investigated the thickness dependence of a room-temperature grown MgO 0.3 BST 0.7 composite gate dielectric and an InGaZnO 4 active semiconductor on the electrical characteristics of thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The optimum gate dielectric and active semiconductor thickness were 300 and 30 nm, respectively. The TFT showed a high field-effect mobility of 21.34 cm 2 /V s, an on/off ratio of 8.27 X 10 6 , a threshold voltage of 2.2 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.42 V/dec.


Views on line maintenance in data warehouse environment means that the refresh ments of materialized views are synchronized with that of data sources without disturbing user's normal use with data warehouse at the same time. Data warehouse base (DWbase) in data warehouse architecture and 3VPA(three version painting algorithm) are presented to solve the consistency problem between multiple views on line maintenance and drill down query. The introduction of DWbase not only improves the scalability of data warehouse system but also provides better support for drill down query. The combined control of DWbase and 3VPA, which uses compensating, synchronization, and version control techniques, ensures data consistency of multiple views on line maintenance and drill down query.


Every history is a documentation of the rise and fall of umans. There is no history without loss and sadness, or without people's sublime efforts to overcome their limits. The lessons taught by history are about the process of moving forward towards individual liberation, social equality and democracy, in spite of many sufferings. But history, despite being a pathway to the realisation of a democratic state, cannot represent real life.


A case of pyothorax was reported in a non-descript female cat of about 2 years of age. The cat had a history of unthriftiness, off-fed, dull, lethargy and dyspnoea. When opened the thoracic cavity was seen filled up with creamy, opaque and liquid pus. Grossly, the lungs were consolidated at places whereas the size of the heart was enlarged to some extent. Microscopical examination revealed markedly thickened pleura with infiltration of inflammatory cells both in pleura and underlying lung parenchyma. Liver showed degenerative changes/necrosis in most of the hepatocytes. Spleen had marked follicular hyperplasia. Gram negative bacilli highly sensitive to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were isolated from the pus on cultural examination. Probably, various Gram negative bacilli being commensals of esophagus and oropharynx might have set the infection, however, the exact cause could not be ascertained.


Liquid crystal elastomer micropillars containing β-cyano-OPV crosslinkers contract reversibly at nematic–isotropic (N–I) phase transition and undergo fluorescence intensity change. This luminescent variation is mainly caused by N–I phase change.


The invention discloses a method for preparing mesoporous carbon nanofibers (MCFs). The method comprises the steps of mixing an aqueous solution of tin, modified by citric acid, with polyvinyl alcohol so as to obtain a mixture serving as electrospinning liquid, drying composite fibers obtained through electrostatic spinning, carrying out oxygen-free heat treatment on the composite fibers in a tubular furnace, soaking the fibers in concentrated hydrochloric acid, and finally, repeatedly washing, thereby obtaining the MCFs. According to the method, the preparation process is simple, and the prepared products can be applied to catalyst carriers and electrode materials of electric double-layer capacitors.


Introduction: Multiple studies have correlated larger final infarct volume (FIV) with worse clinical outcomes. In INTERRSeCT, an international multicenter prospective cohort study, we sought to det...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate and optimize a multiple big data processing platform with the features of high performance, high availability and high scalability in big data environment. Design/methodology/approach – First, the integration of Apache Hive, Cloudera Impala and BDAS Shark make the platform support SQL-like query. Next, users can access a single interface and select the best performance of big data warehouse platform automatically by the proposed optimizer. Finally, the distributed memory storage system Memcached incorporated into the distributed file system, Apache HDFS, is employed for fast caching query results. Therefore, if users query the same SQL command, the same result responds rapidly from the cache system instead of suffering the repeated searches in a big data warehouse and taking a longer time to retrieve. Findings – As a result the proposed approach significantly improves the overall performance and dramatically reduces the search time as querying a database...


[Objective] The purpose was to reveal the action mechanism of SGR gene.[Method] The bait vector of rice SGR gene in yeast two-hybrid system was constructed and its expression was identified.The bait plasmid pGBKT7-SGR was constructed through double enzyme digestion and directional recombination of target gene SGR and bait plasmid vector pGBKT7.The pGBKT7-SGR was transferred to yeast strain Y187 and its expression in the yeast was detected by western blot method.The self-activation detection was conducted by the culture on defective medium.[Result] Compared the sequencing result of recombined plasmid,which was identified to be right with that of SGR gene,their sequences were identical and the reading frame analysis was right.The vector pGBKT7-SGR could be expressed out the fusion protein correctly in yeast strain Y187.The recombined bait plasmid pGBKT7-SGR had no toxicity on yeast and its expression products could not activate the auxotroph reporting gene in yeast strain Y187.[Conclusion] The recombined bait plasmid could be used in yeast two-hybrid system and the research laid a foundation for screening out the interact protein of bait protein SGR from rice cDNA library.


This paper studies the issues of parcel patterns' determination, the direction and the usage of local parcel patterns are described. This article provides the usage of the geoinformation analysis for parcels' allocation of the city. The activity sequence for the choice of such parcels is developed with the application of geoinformation support. They have been set up the geoinformation models of the pattern impact (distribution pattern over a distance) on the cost of each separate parcel by means of their cost surfaces which provide with an opportunity of rating, analysis and forecasting of land cost.


This study aims to analyze the role of attitudes, socialization, experience, and financial literacy in improving financial management behavior in the millennial generation in the south-west coast of Aceh. Lack of knowledge about financial management and lack of awareness of the need to delay consumption (investment) make Indonesian people have financial behaviors that are not ideal. The tendency toward a  consumptive lifestyle of the Indonesian people demands a fairly high income. Environmental influences require the community to work as hard as possible in order to meet all needs. This study will use path analysis, which is the development of regression analysis. Based on results and discussion, we can conclude that financial attitude has a strong influence on financial behavior, even though financial literacy is also important.  Because it is believed that attitude is more important than knowledge in affecting someone's behavior in managing money, this research suggests that financial socialization has no impact on financial literacy or behavior. Lastly, when there is a high level of  financial literacy, financial experience will have a greater impact on the management funds.


Land cover classification in mining areas (LCMA) is essential for the environmental assessment of mines and plays a crucial role in their sustainable development. The shapes of mine land occupation elements are irregular, and the overall proportion of their area is relatively small. Therefore, their features may be easily lost during feature extraction, which limits the interpretation accuracy in mining areas. This study attempts to address these issues. We propose a model named EG-UNet to enhance the features of elements with few samples and to capture long-range information. The proposed EG-UNet includes two main modules. First, the edge feature enhancement module, the edges of elements of mine land occupation contain more information than other spatial locations. Hence, during the feature extraction of elements, a Sobel operator is used to extract the object boundary, which increases the weight of these features before the pooling operation for their preservation. Second, the long-range information extraction module, long-range information helps extract tiny objects, such as dumping grounds in the mining area. We present a graph convolutional network (GCN) to capture the long-range features and apply convolutional neural networks to learn the graph construction. A total of ten deep-learning networks were compared using the LCMA semantic segmentation dataset. Our model exhibited the best performance, especially in classifying classes with few samples. Furthermore, to evaluate the general ability of EG-UNet, a benchmark-Gaofen Image Dataset (GID) was used, and the result still reflected the superiority of our method.


Fiji has been experiencing current account deficits in its balance of payments since the late 1990s, despite the emergence of a boom in remittances. The deficits have become increasingly more pronounced since 2001 due to a decline in the country's traditional exports of sugar, a sharp fall in the exports of garments following the expiry of the Multifibre Agreement, and a decrease in the exports of gold following operational problems. On the other hand, there was a surge in imports of capital goods and machinery for the building and construction industry, due mainly to expansionary fiscal policies pursued by the government since 2001. Additionally, a steep rise in private sector credit in the post-coup years of 2000 ensued, contributing to a further widening of current account deficit. This paper seeks to investigate whether the popular twin deficit hypothesis is relevant in the case of Fiji.


Black-billed (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) and Yellow-billed (C. americanus) cuckoos are facultative brood parasites that occasionally lay their eggs in the nests of 10 and 11 other bird species, respectively. This study demonstrates that both cuckoo species produce blue–green eggs that fully or nearly match the eggs of over 70% of their reported host species, a proportion significantly greater than if hosts were being selected at random from the potential host pool. These results suggest that the cuckoos may be selecting hosts on the basis of their egg colour, and support a hypothesis of egg mimicry. Since egg mimicry is unlikely to evolve in a facultative parasite, its existence in Coccyzus would imply a historically intense relationship between these birds and their hosts. This hypothesis is corroborated by recent phylogenetic analyses which suggest that the ancestral Coccyzus was an obligate parasite. Factors responsible for the loss of obligate parasitism in this genus may also have contributed to the g...


High starting torque of energy-saving motor used in beaming-pumping units is designed by optimization based on the oil field operating mode.The mathematics model of the energy-saving motor is set up in this paper. Besides starting torque and current,the power factor,torque,current,and efficiency under different load are also computed and analyzed by 2D finite element method,considering the effect of magnetic saturation and the coupling between magnetic circuit and electrical circuit.By experiment,it proves chat the energy-saving motor has many features such as small volume,light weight and little consumptive material.Meanwhile,the operational efficiency and power factor of the motor are high and energy-saving is obvious under low load,which meets requirement.At the same time,the computed values of the energy-motor are in good agreement with those obtained through measured values,which proves the design of energy-saving motor reasonable in theory.


Most existing research on virtual reality concerns issues close to the interface, primarily how to present an underlying simulated world in a convincing fashion. However, for virtual reality t o a c hieve its promise as a rich and popular artistic form, as have the novel, cinema, and television, we believe it will be necessary to explore well beyond the interface, to those issues of content and style that have made traditional media so powerful. We present a case for the importance of this research, then outline several topics we believe are central to the inquiry: developing computational theories for cognitive/emotional agents, presentation style, and drama. 1 The Fantasy Machine A writer of popular science articles visits a laboratory to learn about the new \virtual reality" research. The writer is ushered into the demo room and warned to move slowly until adjusted to the system. The goggles slip on, then the data-glove, and a switch is thrown. As a world appears, the writer's head turns, and slowly the light of understanding dawns. Three months later the article appears. \I opened my e y es and had been transported in time and space. I could look around and almost feel things with my gloved hand, as if I were living in a diierent w orld. Hollywood watch out, soon VR will let us enter into our fantasies. We'll be able to go anywhere and do anything imaginable." The public is beginning to understand that virtual reality portends a new medium, new entertainment, a new and very powerful type of art. It has a


Most neural machine translation (NMT) models are based on the sequential encoder-decoder framework, which makes no use of syntactic information. In this paper, we improve this model by explicitly incorporating source-side syntactic trees. More specifically, we propose (1) a bidirectional tree encoder which learns both sequential and tree structured representations; (2) a tree-coverage model that lets the attention depend on the source-side syntax. Experiments on Chinese-English translation demonstrate that our proposed models outperform the sequential attentional model as well as a stronger baseline with a bottom-up tree encoder and word coverage.


The Hokkaido Development Bureau is currently promoting R&D on ITS technology intended for Hokkaido's cold snowy climates called ITS/Win Research Program. In this program, we conducted open application- based public/private joint research projects, and developed the XML Technology-based Road Web Makeup Language (RWML). This paper discusses the background of this development and the mobile multimedia service model using XML technology. Five service models such as Mobile Sensor Service, Mobile Personnel Support Service, Mobile Support Service Mobile Edu-tainment Service, Mobile Commerce Service are proposed. In addition, to realize such services, Personalized Mail (PM) Personalized Web (PW) and Data Broadcasting for Personalized Application (DB4PA) are recommended as applications


Proof. One can relate the singular values of the Hadamard product Z 2 to those of the Kronecker product Z ⊗ Z. In particular, as Z Z can be obtain from Z ⊗ Z by deleting some rows and columns, Lemma A.1 tells us that σmin(Z Z) ≥ σmin(Z ⊗ Z) and σmax(Z Z) ≤ σmax(Z ⊗ Z). Then the lemma follows as the Kronecker product Z⊗Z is known to have the property that σmin(Z⊗ Z) = (σmin(Z)) 2 and σmax(Z ⊗ Z) = (σmax(Z)).


India passed a comprehensive and new Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) on May 28, 2016. Prior to this, institutional debt defaults were handled through a number of different laws and regulations, like SICA, 1985, Debt Recovery Act, 1993, SARFAESI, 2002 and Company Law, 2013. In addition, for companies above a certain size, the High Courts had to be involved, especially in winding up decisions. The IBC, being a uniform code, was meant to reallocate assets more efficiently and quickly. In this paper we develop a model that gives rise to credit rationing as a result of moral hazard and investigate the efficiency of three different possible priority rules: (a) when financial creditors have priority over operational creditors (b) when operational creditors have priority over financial creditors and (c) when both have equal priority. We argue that the extent of credit rationing is invariant under all three priority rules. We then show why a cost of business indicator that looks only at the price of inputs is flawed in determining efficiency.


Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films of neat titanyl(IV) phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and mixed (TiOPc)−arachidic acid (AA) films were studied. The surface pressure−area isotherms (π−A) were recorded, and an unusual expansion of the surface area per molecule was detected for mixed TiOPc−AA Langmuir monolayers. The expansion is attributed to the TiOPc molecular orientation in the neat films being different from that in the mixed films with arachidic acid. The molecular orientation in LB films was monitored using reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). It was found that the TiOPc molecules are tilted with respect to the substrate in the neat film, changing to a preferential face-on orientation in the TiOPc−AA mixed films. Complementary information about molecular organization and film structure was obtained using UV−visible absorption and micro-Raman imaging.


-An analysis of the fishing power concepts leads to a distinction between local fishing power (at a given location). and overall fishing power. Overall fishing power takes into account the ability to detect and quickly exploit rich areas. In order to estimate local fishing power it is necessary t o compare the catches of different ships operating in neighbouring areas. Such a comparison performed on two ships will give an estimate of their relative fishing powers. The closer the two ships are, the more reliable will be the estimate. A weighting function must be used, and this function is related to the spatial heterogeneity of the fish density. Such a function is provided by the variogram as defined by Matheron (1965).Overall fishing powers can be estimated using Robson's method (1966) where no division into spatial blocks is made: the fact that a ship is in a rich or a poor area must be related to the strategic component of its overall fishing power. A comparison between local and overall fishing powers may give a good insight of the strategic activity of the fishing fleet. The North East Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) surface fishery, more precisely its French component, has been studied as an example. The variograms have been estimated and appear to give a significant description of the spatial heterogeneity of the fish density. Individual local and overall fishing powers have been estimated. These calculations give information about the relative influences of local fishing powers and strategic abilities in overall fishing powers. If the strategic index is defined as the ratio of the overall to the local fishing power it appears that the local fishing power is generally the major component of the overall fishing power of a ship; and that the strategic component cannot be neglected as important differences occur between individual strategic indices. The first result may not be true within the Spanish fleet where some ships are unable to reach the best areas at the beginning of the fishing season. Some explanations emerge cbncerning individual local fishing powers and strategic indices. Local fishing power must be related first to type of gear used (bait boats and trollers appear in the fishery), and secondly to the home port of a ship. The strategic index must be essentially related to the home port. Some statistical inferences are possible only from the estimates of local fishing power. The differences which appear between yearly estimates of the strategic index of the same ships suggest that strong random components affect these estimates.


Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in different Libyan orthodontic malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment orthodontic records of 252 Subjects (57 Males and 195 Females) were classified as Class I (159), Class II Division I (66), Class II Division II (8) and Class III (19). The incidence rates of specific dental anomalies were investigated and analyzed to study the differences of rates of each anomaly according to sex and malocclusion using descriptive analysis Result: It was found that (53.5%) of the patients had at least one dental anomaly in this study. ectopic eruption was the most prevalent dental anomaly (34.9%) followed by thin pipette-shaped roots and short blunt root (30.1%, 24.2%) respectively. Conclusions: Male subjects showed more ectopic eruption and short blunt root then female, Class I malocclusion had the most prevalent dental anomalies compared to the other malocclusion groups.


Voltaire said "judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers." The predominant question on the minds of educational technology leaders is focused on the effective integration of technology. We need to ask, are we designing lessons that use technology to increase student achievement? Increasingly, teachers have been using digital media, images and video, as part of their ongoing quest for greater student understanding. This paper discusses instructional design considerations that educational leaders should reflect on prior to integrating digital media into their curriculum. We want to determine the best design model for use of digital media to prepare pre-service and inservice teachers to integrate technology. The basis for this paper centers on one university's integration of unitedstreaming's digital media into an instructional design course.


The matrix used in cell culture cannot match the requirement during the cell migration research in vitro at present.The three-dimentional collagen-matrigel mixture gel was studied which was made up of culture medium∶collagen∶matrigel by different ratios.The mixture gel got solidified within half an hour at room temperature,and did not show visible particles under microscope observation after fixation.The results from co-culture of cell aggregate and upper rhombic lip(URL) explant indicated that SDF-1 has the chemoattraction to URL cells,while slit has the chemorepulsion to them.


In this article, we aim to offer audiences opportunities to have an immersive experience with the statistical figures in the news. We go beyond the current numerical information representation method to develop a new system for improving the numerical experience. We implemented three different conditions for representing numerical information: 1) text, 2) infographic, 3) VR. We will observe user responses to these methods by measuring engagement, immersion and flow status to detect narrative experience. It is assumed that the VR narrative will provide a more immersive user experience. The main purpose of journalism is to deliver information that is necessary for citizens, communities, and societies to make better decisions. Statistical data is one of the essential elements to comprehend the information about themselves, the community, and society. Since the number is the core element of the statistics, our research will propose the new method to achieve the purpose of the journalism by transforming numbers into life-sized materials.


In this paper, based on the mode analysis of four-conductor lines, the extended mixed-mode chain-parameters and S-parameters of fourconductor lines are estimated using current division factors. The extended mixed-mode chain-parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines are then obtained with mode conversion. And, the extended mixed-mode S -parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines can be predicted from the transformation of the extended chain-parameters. Compared to the extended mixed-mode S-parameters of fourconductor lines, the cross-mode S-parameters are induced in the extended mixed-mode S -parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines, due to the imbalanced current division factors of cascaded two sections. The generated cross-mode S-parameters make the equivalent different- and common-mode conductors not independent from each other again. In addition, a new mode conversion, which applies the imbalanced current division factors, between the extended mixed-mode S-parameters and standard S-parameters is also proposed in this paper. Finally, the validity of the proposed extended mixed-mode S-parameters and mode conversion is confirmed by a comparison of the simulated and estimated results of shielded cable.


The utility model relates to a sealing performance testing device for an anticorrosive coating of a pipeline repaired mouth, which is used for testing the sealing performance of the anticorrosive coating at the pipeline repaired mouth. The utility model is characterized in that a soaking tank is a tank body welded by corrosion resistant plates; the height of the soaking tank is between 500 and 1200 mm; an air compressor is connected with a pressure control valve, an air discharge valve and a pressure meter through pipelines outside the soaking tank; a high pressure hose is connected with the end of the pipelines; and the end of the high pressure hose is connected with a fast joint. The utility model has the advantages that the sealing performance testing device can accurately test the sealing performance of the anticorrosive coating of the pipeline repaired mouth through simulating the field conditions, and the actual adhesive condition of the pipelines and the materials of the pipeline repaired mouth to be tested can be intuitively and accurately judged.


Under the specific social and cultural influence, the marriage custom of the Dai nationality in Dehong has its own traits different from those of the Dais in other places.The process and ritual of the marriage custom of the Dai nationality in Dehong are closely related to the local religions;the deep-rooted feudal hierarchy and concept made it popular to follow the hierarchical marriage;the emphasis on the consanguineous relation make them refuse to marry anyone with the same surname;economic conditions play an important role in realizing a marriage.Under the influence of new social systems and new ideas and cultures,their marriage custom has seen some changes and some old practices have been discarded.The introduction of new ideas should take the existing marriage custom into consideration.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of overarm throwing for skilled Japanese elementary school boys, in order to gain insight into children's throwing motion. The throwing motions of 42 boys from the second, fourth, and sixth grade were videotaped using three high-speed cameras; and seven boys from each grade were selected for 3D motion analysis, based on their throwing distance. Although no difference in the elbow extension torque before the release was observed, the angular velocity and the joint torque of the shoulder external/internal rotation tended to be greater for students of higher grades. Thus, the sixth graders tended to depend more on shoulder external/internal rotation with the effective use of a stretch-shortening cycle of the shoulder muscles, while the second graders seemed to depend more on elbow extension.


The recognition of both Thuringian macroscopic plant remains (Ullmannia bronni, UIhnannia ./)'umentaria, Quadrocladus orobformis, etc.) and miospores (Lueckisporites virkkiae, Nuskoisporites dulhuntyi, Faleisporites zapfei, Klausipollenites schaubergeri, etc.) in the Upper Palaeozoic deposits of the Est6rel evidences the presence of Upper Permian sediments as well as an important centre of Late Permian volcanic activity in southern France.


Objective To understand field investigation and evaluation results before and after measles supplementary immunization in Inner Mongolia province,and analyze the epidemic data of measles monitoring system and infectious disease reporting system.Method All 8-month-old to 4-year-old children were immunized a measles vaccine,each dose 0.5ml.Results Totally of 903 926 children were immunized,both reported and surveyed inoculation rate were over 97%.Measles cases decreased remarkably at 2010 and the incidence rate was only 2.83/100 000,it descended 53.07%than 2009(6.03/100 000).According to monitoring system,there were 205 cases in 8 months to 4 years old group in 2010.Compared to 2009,measles incidence rate was descent 46.61%,57.29% of the cases happened in 8 months to 14 years old,85.8% had no immunization records or not clear.The reported measles vaccinations incidence rate of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) was 3.42 per 100 000.Conclusions High quality of supplementary immunization was the important measures to control measles prevalence and lower incidence rate.In order to remain the achievements of measles supplementary immunization,we should improve routine immunization coverage rate,strengthen the checking institution of vaccination certificates of children who went to kindergartens and primary school,and replanting when need,at the same time developed the follow-up reinforcement immunization.


In order to study the water inrush mechanism of Karst collapse column in different depths with coupled underground water pressure and compaction degree, a modified variable mass seepage experiment system on broken rock was used to conduct variable mass seepage experiments for broken mudstone considering particle migration. The duration time of seepage burst, weight of gushed particle, change rate of gushed particle weight and change rate of porosity were recorded and calculated, and the change rules under seepage pressure and initial porosity were obtained. It shows that in the initial seepage stage, seepage pressure and flow are stable, they change rapidly when seepage burst happens, and the change range is related to weight of gushing particle and the process of pore structure adjusting. With the initial porosity and seepage pressure increasing, the duration time of seepage burst gets shorter, weight of gushed particle gets larger, and these two parameters are fitted by logarithmic functions relating to seepage pressure and initial porosity; change rate of gushed particle weight and change rate of porosity get faster and both are fitted by exponential functions relating to seepage pressure and initial porosity. With seepage pressure increasing, the influence of initial porosity on the duration time of seepage bursts, weight of gushed particle, change rate of gushed particle weight and change rate of porosity are gradually weakened.


Abstract : From curves of vertical electric fields and dis turbance errors versus distance, it is shown how calibration factors for an RIFI meter can be obtained by taking measurements at the surface of a conducting body of briny water such as the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Curves are presented which show that, for the four frequencies, 10 kc/sec, 100 kc/sec, 1 mc/sec, and 10 mc/sec, the vertical electric field produced by a vertical 1-meter antenna is, at any given distance up to 200 meters, the same for all values of conductiv ity, greater than or equal to 5 mhos/meter. Thus, a brine solution with a conductivity in this range is equivalent to a perfectly conducting earth. At a frequency of 75 mc/sec the field values are the same at distances up to about 100 meters for all values of conductivity equal to or greater than 5 mhos/meter. Curves are also given which show the dependence of the dis turbance error on distance, as produced by a receiving vertical 1-meter antenna. (Author) AD-417 549


Kaidun is an enigmatic meteorite showing a micro-brecciated texture composed of variable kinds of lithic clasts and mineral fragments. The constituent components range from primitive chondritic materials to differentiated achondritic materials, and thus believed to have originated from a large parent body accumulating materials from many different bodies in the asteroid belt. One of the interesting observations is that no ordinary chondrite component has been found yet, although C and E chondrites components are abundant. In this abstract, we report mineralogy of the clast (Kaidun #15415- 01.3.13a) showing a porphyritic olivine-pyroxene chondrule-like texture similar to those found in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites.


In my work I deal with the problems of waste management in terms of microregion Vsetinsko. Vsetin city built a modern logistics center for waste management and the target of my work is to analyze the operation of this komplex to society and the environment. The work is divided into two parts. The first part of the content focuses on theoretical knowled-ge in the field of waste management and provides the basis for the second part. The practi-cal part contains a detailed description of the facilities, activities and services carried out in the treated waste. It gives the basis for the analysis area, which points to possible weak-nesses, helping to establish critical points and suggest possible measures for streamlining. Conclusion The work contains the final proposals for changes to the original state and the total contribution of waste logistics centers to increase the level of waste management in Czech Republic.


The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity spent nearly two years of its mission exploring Victoria crater. Victoria is an impact crater about 800 meters in diameter that lies roughly 5 km south of Opportunity's landing site. At Victoria, Opportunity traversed about 30% of the way around the crater, documenting eolian cross-stratification exposed in the crater walls, and then descended into the crater. Measurements inside the crater revealed chemical stratigraphy similar to that seen at Endurance crater, near Opportunity's landing site, demonstrating that the aqueous processes that produced these chemical trends operated on regional scales [Squyres et al., 2009].


Baking crises are caused by the loss of solvency in banking system. The underlying factors can be attributed to banks inability to carry out their repayment obligations due to certain factors like liquidity shortage, capital shortage and loss of all capitals of banks. Crises in banking sector which performs crucial roles both in financial markets and reel sector result in failure of funds transfer, and this directly affects financial sector. The reasons and results of banking crises observed in distinct countries substantially differ from one another. Banking crises in 1994, 2000 and 2001, 2008 had serious negative effects on banking sector in Turkey. In this study, the causes and effects of banking crises and their repercussions on Turkish banking sector are discussed, and policies are recommended to prevent crises.


Packaging components are key parts for portable electronics, such as notebooks, cameras and cell phones. The mechanical shock resulted from mishandling during transportation or customer usage may cause solder joint failure of packages, which leads to malfunction of product. Therefore, the reliability performance of solder balls under drop impact loading has become an important topics to researchers and the electronic product manufactures. Here, the study on the stacked package-on-package (POP) is completed in free drop test, according to the condition B in the drop test standard of JEDEC. The dynamic strain responses at some key positions of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) are recorded by strain gages to study the board level response under impact, and the behavior of dynamic resistance of POP components is well understood. These researches will provide a feedback link to the performance of the PCB with POP packages in accidental drop.


So depending upon the usage of language, in this world, words call one another through the path of a poem and the poet communicates with the reader. Since the language is built on words, the communication and interaction between the words have an important place in poetry. In a couplet or poem, there might be a word or a few words, focused on calling an area where the poet aims at giving a special meaning or meanings. In other terms, there is always a starting point in poetry and every other word is chosen so that it interacts with the others in terms of meaning, shape and sound. So a poem or couplet, starting from a certain calling word, impresses the reader by means of clues, remembrances, callings and meanings. It is to be remembered that the poet is always under the influence of social, cultural manners and aesthetic taste of the age.


The goal of CMU's Network-Attached Secure Disks (NASD) project is to define the next era of storage system interfaces and architectures. To encourage industry standardization of a compliant storage device/subsystem interface, we are working closely with the National Storage Industry Consortium's working group on network-attached storage. Our experimental demonstration of the NASD interface's value is device and filesystem prototype software that delivers the scalability inherent in a NASD storage architecture. To engage the academic community and to provide a reference implementation for industry development, CMU is releasing its Linux and Digital UNIX ports of this software. In this paper, we overview the NASD scalable storage architecture and the code-base we are releasing for Linux.


A series of tests has been conducted with simulated LWR fuel as part of a program for determining the quantities and characteristics of radiologically significant fission products that can be released under postulated spent-fuel transportation accident (SFTA) conditions and successfully terminated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions. These tests were performed in either flowing-steam or dry-air atmospheres with Zircaloy-4-clad fuel-rod segments that contained unirradiated UO/sub 2/ pellets coated with radioactively traced CsOH, CsI, and TeO/sub 2/. A summary of the test conditions and amounts released are given. Cesium release associated with the implanted CsOH appeared to be limited by the formation of low-volatility uranate compounds. Iodine release was observed primarily as CsI, but also as I/sub 2/; in addition, at test temperatures of 900/sup 0/C and above, significant migration of the CsI to the cooler ends of the fuel-rod segments was noted. Tellurium release was markedly restricted by rapid reaction with the Zircaloy cladding. The tests in air yielded enhanced releases of cesium and iodine, and considerable swelling of the oxidized UO/sub 2/. As anticipated, measured release fractions were greater when the test rods were ruptured at temperature by internal pressure than when the cladding failures were machined in the rods priormore » to testing.« less


A template-free and surfactant-free hydrothermal method has been successfully developed to fabricate hierarchically dendritic metal sulfides (PbS and CdS). It has been found that the reaction temperature play important roles in the formation of well-defined sulfide dendritic nanostructures. A possible mechanism for the formation of present dendrites was proposed. The as-obtained transition-metal sulfide dendritic nanostructures may bring wide applications in optics, electricity, gas sensors, and other related fields. The synthetic route present in this work provides a new principle for the designing synthesis of dendritic metal sulfide nanomaterials and can be regarded as a general way to fabricate other metal chalcogenide materials.


Adequate pain management is a key factor in keeping older adults living independently, and opioids are the best analgesics for treating moderate to severe pain when nonopioid and nonpharmacologic treatments have failed. The medical and societal will to adequately treat pain is compromised by the


C-1 dehydrogenation of cortisone acetate by Arthrobacter simplex has been studied in two of its crystalline forms (II and IV). Primarily, transformation of crystalline form in aqueous medium has been studied (phosphate buffer and bacterial culture). In aqueous medium only form IV is stable and dehydrogenated, whatever the conditions of bioconversion. Form II goes to form IV in phosphate buffer but it is stable in bacterial culture. It is dehydrogenated by washed bacteria but not by bacterial culture. Tween 80 does not influence the transformation of crystalline forms. On the other hand, solubilities of the crystalline forms do not change much (phosphate buffer and bacterial culture). These facts suggest the existence of "association" phenomena between colloids in the culture medium and cortisone acetate. This "association" would prevent the dehydrogenation only in the case of form II. This hypothesis is supported by the favorable action of Tween 80 on dehydrogenation of form II in the bacterial culture.


A rare primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse large cell) of the spleen developed in a 72-yr-old man who had successful radiotherapy to the right inguinal region for Hodgkin's disease 23 yr ago. Radiologic findings, particularly the 67Ga scintigraphy finding, were very useful in leading to the correct diagnosis of malignant splenic lymphoma, in this case, preoperatively.


Background and objectives: There is increasing evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is related with an increased cardiovascular risk. The objective is to evaluate the relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis, subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We recorded thyroid function tests, anti-TPO and antithyroglobulin antibodies, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteinA1, apolipoproteinB, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, high sensitivity CRP, folic acid, vitamin B12, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, QUICKI, HISI, WBISI, IGI in 185 subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis and in euthyroid state and in 69 subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney test, logistic regression and Spearman correlations. The results were adjusted for age and body mass index. Statistical significance was considered for a bilateral value of p<0.05. Results: 94% of subjects were female. The median age was significantly higher in the euthyroid group. Patients with higher levels of total cholesterol (OR=1.008; p=0.034), CRP (OR=1.684; p=0.041) or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (OR=1.002; p=0.021) had an increased likelihood of having subclinical hypothyroidism. In the total group of patients, we observed positive correlations between TSH, CRP and HOMA-IR, between free T3 and HDLcholesterol and between free T4 and IGI. TSH levels correlated negatively with QUICKI, HISI and WBISI. In the group with subclinical hypothyroidism, we found negative correlations between free T3 and homocysteine and between free T4 and anti-TPO antibodies.


Schouten et al. (1), referencing Lincoln et al. (2), question whether Marine Group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) contribute significantly to glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids in the ocean. We respond below to what we believe are some mistaken claims and interpretations.


For a long time now I have* noticed correspondence in the British Medical Journal under the heading ' Complacency in Anesthesia In England there is a fairly wide choice of anesthetics, from gas and oxygen, its combinations with ether % cyclopropane, ether and chloroform alone or mixed, to all the varieties of local, regional, and spinal anaesthesia, intravenous, tracheal, rectal and so on. In England, again, most serious surgery is done by a team, and an anaesthetic specialist' is part of that team. He, to a great extent, shoulders the responsibility and anxiety of anaesthesia. Yet there appears to be but little ' complacency ' about anaesthesia in the 'United Kingdom, although so far advanced over the conditions that obtain in the districts of South India. It would therefore be foolish even to suppose that we in India are complacent about anaesthesia. No, we are far from complacent as every office can show from its files. Anaesthesia in South India outside the city hospitals is one long anxiety, and few escape disaster at some time or other; this undermines confidence, and so the efficiency of the staff, and scares away would-be patients in


The influence of high-frequency random vibrations of different nature (additive and parametric) on the slow motion of a system is analyzed. The system with suspension and other elements can be described by an ordinary vector differential equation. It is assumed that external stationary or nonstationary excitations are defined within the framework of the correlation theory. The solution is sought by representing the vector of phase coordinates of the system as the integro-power series with respect to the matrix containing the random vibrations. Confining ourselves to the quadratic approximation for the multiplicative components, we obtain the convenient explicit function of the entries of the correlation matrix of vibrations, which permits us to analyze the contribution of each vibration component into the dynamic behavior of the system. The results are illustrated by an example. The influence of high-frequency additive and parametric vibrations on a dynamic system has been thoroughly studied. A typical example of this effect is the shift of a pendulum as a result of fast sinusoidal vibration of the suspension. To describe this effect, the Mathieu or Hill equations with right-hand side are usually used. Similar results are obtained for random stationary vibrations. Thus, for simple systems and stationary vibrations, this effect is easy to describe qualitatively and quantitatively. Considerable difficulties arise for a system with many degrees of freedom subjected to several random stationary or nonstationary excitations (the last case involves much more difficulties). The problem considered in the present paper is of particular importance for protecting some mechanical objects, such as measuring devices, from vibrations. Vibrations may not lead to catastrophic results (for example, accelerations and displacements lie within their acceptable limits with large margins of safety), but substantially affect the functional properties of devices. This effect usually manifests itself in the appearance of a spurious signal. The magnitude of this signal essentially depends on the adjustment of the damping system. For the purposes of design, it is important not only to define the spurious signal, but also to evaluate the contribution of each vibration component to this signal.


We apply the Merrifield variational method to the Holstein molecular crystal model in D dimensions to compute nonadiabatic polaron band energies and Franck-Condon factors at general crystal momenta. We analyze these observable properties to extract characteristic features related to polaron self-trapping and potential experimental signatures. These results are combined with others obtained by the Global-Local variational method in 1D to construct a polaron phase diagram encompassing all degrees of adiabaticity and all electronphonon coupling strengths. The polaron phase diagram so constructed includes disjoint regimes occupied by small polarons, large polarons, and a newly-defined class of compact polarons, all mutually separated by an intermediate regime occupied by transitional structures.


A discovery of The New Science, of which Vico became proud, was that of religion as the "principle" of the world of nations. In it Vico sounded out his doctrine concerning the natural law, but this research would still have allowed him the encounter with a metaphysics of the human mind, with a rational human nature, beyond sociability. The divination of ancient people, coeval to their first fables and myths, would suppose a fundamental conception of the human being as endowed with soul and language, allowing us to think over the traditional marks of the Vichian history of nations. In the present paper and starting from a new path, we will reconstruct the central aspects of this Vichian anthropology, trying to find the origins of the native religion of the founders of people and nations.


Vertebrate embryogenesis relies on the coordinated development of multiple progenitor cell pools. Specific transcriptional programs regulate the specification, expansion, migration and eventual differentiation of these progenitor cell populations, and tight control of these programs is essential for normal development to occur. Class I histone deacetylases (Hdacs), including Hdac3, play critical roles in regulating gene transcription, through both epigenetic and non-epigenetic means. In this dissertation, I use mouse genetics to explore the previously undescribed role of Hdac3 in regulating neural crest progenitor cell behavior. By genetically deleting Hdac3 in premigratory neural crest cells, I use in vivo and ex vivo techniques to show that Hdac3 plays crucial roles in multiple facets of neural crest development, and that transcriptional programs involved in progenitor cell survival and differentiation are all under the control of this important enzyme. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Jonathan A. Epstein


Sir, Penicilliosis is an important fungal infection due to pathogenic fungus, Penicillium marneffei. This infection is seen in immunocompromised host. Thailand is an endemic area of this disease. The P. marneffei pneumonia is the possible lung manifestation seen in penicilliosis. In Thailand, P. marneffei pneumonia has been reported for several years. The first report was from the medical center in the Northern region of Thailand. The cases are usually seen in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients.[1‐3] The infection is accepted as an important opportunistic infection among the Thai HIV‐infected patients. Nevertheless, the infection can also be seen in the non‐HIV‐infected patients.[3]


Jihua No.5,a new big peanut variety with high oil content,which was derived from the cross Pu 93-11(female parent)Zheng 86036-26-1(male parent) in 1998.It was developed through artificial hybridization and modified pedigree selection by Hebei institute of cereal and oil crops.Its average pod yield(4 725.5 kg/hm2) was over the control(Jihua No.2) with increment 19.44% in Hebei regional trials.It had the properties of high and stable yield,disease resistance,lodging resistance and strong adaptability.It possessed high oil content(55.73%).It was successfully passed appraisal by the Hebei Science and Technology Department in 2006.


Smoking has been known to exacerbate the initiation and propagation of oxidative stresses. Efforts have been made to reduce the smoking-induced oxidative stresses using commercial dietary supplements. Propolis is the resinous substance collected by bees from the leaf buds and bark of trees, especially poplar and conifer trees. In this trial, we examined whether a daily supplementation of 800 mg propolis can protect endogenous lymphocytic DNA damage and modulate antioxidative enzyme activities and the level of antioxidant vitamin in smokers using a placebo-controlled, doubleblinded cross-over trial. After two weeks of running-in period, 29 smokers (mean age 34.38 ± 1.73) received 6 tablets/day of either propolis or placebo pills for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout period the subjects switched they pills for cross-over study. The degree of DNA damage (assessed by tail DNA, tail length and tail moment) was not significantly changed with propolis intake or placebo intake. Similarly, total antioxidant status (TAS) remained at the same level regardless of the treatment. Erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma vitamin C and tocopherol level did not differ before and after propolis treatment, and did not differ between treatments. Putting all these results together, we would suggest that it is still too early to claim that propolis possess antioxidative activities.


This paper is devoted to the problem of synchronization of symmetrically coupled self-oscillators exhibiting chaos by means of chaos control technique. We use a nonfeedback method of control, in particular, high frequency periodic modulation of the coecient of coupling. The model of Chua's circuits coupled via capacity is considered in this work. We study the possibility of synchronization in dependence on amplitude and frequency of modulation for various values of the parameters of the self-oscillators. The dependence of the threshold values of the amplitude of the synchronizing influence on coecient is presented.


In a pilot study we examined the effect of a one-week Operation Purple Camp intervention with children and adolescents (N = 48) in military families on their self-perception of social acceptance, athletic competence, and global self-worth. Adolescents' showed significant improvement post-intervention in perceptions of social acceptance (p < .05) and athletic competence (p < .05) while children showed a significant improvement in perception of global self-worth (p < .05). These findings lend support for the effectiveness of this intervention for improving outcomes for children and adolescents in military families.


In this paper I will be looking at a novel combination of research methods being used in the 'Learning Lives' research project. Much existing research on learning in transitions throughout life uses longitudinal qualitative research in real time. I have, for example, worked in this way with school pupils moving via training into work and with student teachers' progression. 'Learning lives' is a three year project which started in 2004. It has a broader remit and involves longitudinal qualitative research with over 100 adult respondents, combined with a life history approach to explore learning, identity and agency throughout their lifespans. These two methods consider learning in different but complementary ways. One is on-going and the other retrospective. One concentrates in depth on the relatively short period of the research, the other covers a long time span. Drawing on early data, I will use case studies to demonstrate the value of using both methods in understanding learning throughout the lifecourse. What happens in any of life's transitions will in part reflect the context in which it takes place, and part of that context lies in the life history of the individual.


This letter investigates the nature of amplitude frequency (A-f) dependence caused by nonlinearities in the parallel plate electrostatic transduced in resonant microstructures. We present analytical and experimental evidences that the A-f nonlinearities are practically always dominated by third order nonlinear terms. For an electrostatically unbalanced system, we show that the bias voltage at which second and third order nonlinearities have equal impact on A-f dependence corresponds to ∼90% of the dc pull-in voltage.


The aim of this survey research is to determine the
relationship between job satisfaction and organizational
citizenship behavior (OCB) among teachers. Two instruments
for both constructs were administered to 129 teachers from
five schools in the District of Baling, Kedah Darul Aman
On the whole, the results show that there is significant
positive relationship between job satisfaction and OCB when
self-rating approach is used in the evaluation of OCB. For
dimensions in the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), The Work
Itself, Supervisor and Co-worker show significant positive
relationship with OCB (Niehoff & Moormon, 1993). With the
instrument by William & Anderson (199 l), The Work Itself
and Co-worker show significant relationship. As for
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), both Intrinsic
and Extrinsic dimensions show significant positive
relationship with the OCB (Niehoff & Moormon, 1993). The
results also show that generally there is no association
between OCB and all the demographic factors.


The plant extracts are obtained by a method which consists in: 1) subjecting the crushed plants to a first extraction in a cosmetic excipient (water, glycerine, glycols); 2) subjecting the resulting drained plants to distillation by water for collecting the condensate enriched in volatile molecules; and 3) combining the two phases into one by any appropriate means (emulsion, microemulsion, encapsulation). These preparations are for use in all kinds of cosmetic or dermopharmaceutical products.


This paper presents the application of machine-learning techniques on pXRF data to establish a chronology for sediment cores around Tell Buto (Tell el-Fara´in) in the northwestern Nile Delta. As modern laboratories for dating techniques like OSL or 14C are rare in Egypt and sample export is restricted, we are facing a lack of opportunities to create a robust chronology, which is indispensable in modern Geoarchaeology.

Therefore, we present a new approach to transfer archaeological age information gained at the excavation at Buto to corings of the wider Buto area. Sediments of archaeological outcrops and pits with known age are measured using pXRF to create a geochemical “fingerprint” for several historic eras. Afterwards, these “fingerprints” are transferred to corings of the surrounding areas using machine-learning algorithms.

This paper presents 1) the application of three different machine-learning approaches (Neuronal Net, Random Forest, and C5.0 decision tree) to check if archaeological age information can be transferred to sediments far off the settlement mounds using pXRF data, 2) the comparison of all approaches and the evaluation if the easily anticipated decision tree and Random Forest show similar results as the “black-box system” Neuronal Net, and finally, 3) a case study that provides the results of Altmeyer et al. (in review) for Kom el-Gir, a further settlement mound little north of Buto, with a chronostratigraphic framework based on this approach.

Reference:

Altmeyer, M., Seeliger, M., Ginau, A., Schiestl, R. & J. Wunderlich (in review):  Reconstruction of former channel systems in the northwestern Nile Delta (Egypt) based on corings and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). (Submitted to E & G Quaternary Science Journal).


Background Recent discussion surrounding the clinical implementation of genome sequencing has touted its cost–effectiveness [1]. However, the simplistic assumption that lowering the cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing equates to cost–effectiveness is misguided and lacks evidence. Wide spread NGS testing in oncology will incur large upfront screening costs; potentially with no impact on treatment outcomes. In those instances where valuable information is revealed the use of an expensive targeted therapy is likely to be indicated. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable clinical and economic evidence supporting the clinical implementation of tumor-focused NGS testing. Inappropriate use could result in inefficiencies; reducing societies' ability to provide (quality) healthcare to others. There are a number of challenges facing cancer centers looking to implement NGS and healthcare payers responsible for its reimbursement. Cancer centers need to determine the most suitable patient populations to receive NGS testing, where suitability is supported by the test's analytical validity, clinical utility and cost–effectiveness. Payers will require this supporting evidence to determine if testing results in beneficial and cost-effective outcomes. Additionally, the uncertainty surrounding test outcomes, means payers will need to be more flexible in their approach to reimbursement – that is, share the risk with the cancer centers providing testing. This editorial reflects on these issues as they relate to the economic evaluation and eventual clinical implementation of tumorfocused whole-genome sequencing. From the onset we acknowledge that there are potential ethical issues and economic impacts of reporting incidental findings from the normal sample of a tumor-normal sequenced dyad (see Parsons et al. [2]).


With this concluding article, we build off the scholarship from this two-part special issue on white space to recommend meaningful interventions that seek to challenge and dismantle white spaces at the organizational, institutional, and structural levels of U.S. society. We focus on two broad arenas of social space, one geographical (residential neighborhoods) and one institutional (education), in the hopes of generating more engagement from scholars of race and racism in conversations about policies that can meaningfully transform white space. We share experiences from the Systemic Justice Seminar and student activism at Harvard to highlight some innovative ideas about challenging, disrupting, and resisting white space. We suggest ways to think about policies and actions that make visible the tacitly exclusionary mechanisms within white spaces and create ways for BIPOC people and communities to take up space. Lastly, we encourage academic and public communities to continue exploring the best methods for deconstructing white space on the way to creating a more racially equitable society.


Skin tear occurrence is known to be a problem in the elderly, particularly in residential care. Within the acute care setting, the risk of elderly patients sustaining skin tears also presents challenges for care. The management of skin tears varies considerably and is best determined by assessment of the patient and skin tear itself. Two cases with different categories of skin tears treated in the acute care sector will be discussed and will highlight some of the risk factors and alternative options for wound management. Morey P. Skin tears: a case review. Primary Intention 2003; 11(4); 197-198, 200-202.


To the Editor:— May I offer a reply that disagrees with an answer given in the QUESTION AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal( 202 :1060, 1967)? The question was: "Does exercise have an important function in weight control?" I believe it does, both in maintaining an appropriate weight and in reducing excessive fatness. For years we have seen tables that assign different caloric requirements for sedentary and for strenuous occupations; for centuries farmers have penned up livestock they wish to fatten. Sitting clearly burns up fewer calories than walking; and fatness most certainly is affected by the proportion between the calories taken in and the calories expended. It has frequently been stated that, since it takes a 35-mile walk to lose a pound of fat, exercise is of little value in the treatment of obesity. However, such a statement has no relevance to a sensible program of daily exercise. Just


We investigate the spin relaxation length in GaAs spin light-emitting diode devices under drift transport at room temperature. The spin-polarised electrons are injected through a MgO tunnel barrier from a Fe/Tb multilayer in magnetic remanence. The decrease in circular polarization with increasing injection path length is investigated and found to be exponential, supporting drift-based transport. The spin relaxation length in our samples is 26 nm, and a lower bound for the spin injection efficiency at the spin injector/GaAs interface is estimated to be 25 ± 2%.


We characterize the impact of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) on the reliability of Neural Networks on FPGAs exposed to neutron. Our results show that the larger the circuit generated by HLS, the larger the error rate.