Query expansion is a prominent method to reformulate the under-specified and ambiguous query that helps to retrieve documents. This paper is aimed at diversifying web documents using a novel query expansion method. Our method leverage query suggestions and completions for pooling the terms which are used for final expansion. We then group similar candidates into the clusters. In this regards, a soft clattering algorithm is applied to the candidates, where each cluster represents different query aspect. The query is then expanded using the terms selected from cluster labels. Multiple lexical and semantic features are introduced to compute the relevancy between a query and the document. The lexical features use the textual contents of the query and document while, the semantic ones leverage the word-level semantics in word2vec model. Finally, a weighted linear ranking approach is applied to rank the documents retrieved for the query using the extracted features. The experimental results on Clueweb09 document collection using TREC 2012 Web Track queries clearly demonstrate that our proposed aspect-based query expansion method is effective to diversify the retrieved documents and outperformed baseline and some known related methods in terms of diversity metrics ERR-IA, α-nDCG and NRBP at the cut of 20.


The sensitization mechanisms of ketocoumarin dyes with a radical-generating reagent, 10,10′-carbonylbis[1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-[1]benzopyrano[6,7,8-ij]quinolizin-11-one] (KCD-J), 7,7′-bis(diethylamino)-3,3′-carbonyldicoumarin (KCD-DA) with 3,3′,4,4′-tetrakis(t-butyldioxycarbonyl)benzophenone (I) in poly(methyl methacrylate) film containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as a plasticizer have been investigated by laser flash photolysis using a total reflection cell. The fluorescence of the dyes was efficiently quenched by I in PMMA containing 50 wt% of DMP (film A) against total solid with static quenching distances of 12.5 and 12.7 A for KCD-J and KCD-DA. The static quenching distance was around 1.5 times longer than that in PMMA. The decay time of the triplet in a film A was slightly quenched by I with a kq of less than 1.5 × 106 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for KCD-J and KCD-DA. These results show that a static singlet sensitization from the fluorescent excited dyes to I is the predominant process ...


Summary A total of 18 loci were examined in 297 animals in five naturalised breeds and three exotic breeds of sheep in Brazil. Results show that 12.87% of total variation (p<0.001) was due to inter-breed differences. Inter-breed results suggest low genetic differentiation between the breeds studied, while intra-breed results indicate the genetic quality of the herds examined and permit management decisions to be taken.


Shiva is a hypermedia system to improve Electronics teaching and learning processes using hypertext, mulfimedia, PSPICE simulation. a virtual IaboratoT and real modules combined with virtual instrumentation. It has been designed with criteria of space optimizafion and may be used by professors af the classroom as well as by students af home.


Wetting behavior of molten In0.8Ga0.2As on substrates of graphite, BN, SiO2, pBN, AlN, SiC and Al2O3 and surface tension of molten In0.8Ga0.2As were measured using the growing melt drop method so as to identify a possible crucible material for use in growing crystals. The relationship of the magnitude of the contact angles between the melts and the substrates was as follows: pBN, BN, graphite>AlN>SiN>SiO2>Al2O3,SiC. The surface tension of In0.8Ga0.2As wasγ=418~480mN/m(at 1100~1300°C) The effect of roughness of SiO2 container was investigated from 0.1 to 4μm amplitude of surface. As a result, the molten InGaAs/container wetting behavior was related to the roughness of container.


The concept of multiresolution analysis (MRA) is introduced for arbitrary separable Hilbert spaces $H$. It is put in the general terms of unitary operators $U_1$ and $U_{2,1},\ldots , U_{2,d},\: d \in {\ol Z}$ and a generating element $\phi$. Each MRA yields a system ${\cal V} =\{ U_1^k U_{2,1}^{l_1}\cdots U_{2,d}^{l_d} \psi_n \: | \: n=0,\ldots,N-1, \, k \in {\ol Z} ,l \in {\ol Z}^d \}$, where the $\psi_n$ are related to $\phi$. Necessary and sufficient conditions on $U_1$, $U_{2,1},\dots , U_{2,d}$, $\phi$ and $\psi_n$ are given, such that $V$ is a Riesz system or basis in $H$.


The defect marking method comprises the steps of: installing a surface defect tester to detect surface flaw and a marker device to apply marking at defect position, in a continuous processing line of steel sheet; detecting the surface flaw on the steel sheet using the surface defect tester; determining defect name, defect grade, defect length, and defect position in the width direction of the steel sheet, on the basis of thus detected flaw information, further identifying the defect in terms of harmful defect, injudgicable defect, and harmless defect; applying tracking of the defect position for each of the harmful defect and the injudgicable defect; and applying marking to the defect position. The defect marking device comprises a defect inspection means having plurality of light-receiving parts and a signal processing section, and a marking means.


4SC AG: Rauer H, Saeb W, Kramer B, Kraus J, Klemenz C, Garcia G. Indole derivatives as modulators of potassium channels. Novel indole derivatives that modulate potassium channels are claimed for the treatment of asthma, cystic fibrosis, vascular spasm, ischaemia, neurodegeneration and immune disorders. Using a patch clamp, it was found that the specified compound gave a ratio of > 1.2 for the increase in specific, large conductance (big pottassium [BK]) potassium channel currents against a test compound. More than 50 compounds are exemplified by syntheses with characterisation data but none are specifically claimed. Reaction schemes are also presented. WO03074047 (12/09/2003) 48 pages.


Background/Aim: α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency results from mutations of the protease inhibitor (PI). The AAT gene is mapped on chromosome 14 and has been associated with chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To determine the frequency of AAT mutations on S and Z carrier alleles in healthy Saudi individuals from Qassim Province in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A total of 158 healthy, unrelated participants from Qassim Province were recruited. They were genotyped for the two AAT-deficiency alleles, PI*S and PI*Z, using polymerase chain reaction, with primers designed throughout to mediate site-directed mutagenesis. Results: Of the 158 subjects, 11.39% were carriers for the S mutation (i.e., had the MS genotype), whereas 2.53% were carriers for the Z mutation (i.e., had the MZ genotype). The SZ genotype was present in 3.8% of subjects, while the homozygous genotype SS was present in 1.9% of subjects. No subjects showed the ZZ mutant genotype. Accordingly, frequency of the mutant S and Z alleles of AAT gene was 9.49% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained showed a high prevalence of the AAT deficiency allele in the Saudi population. This probably warrants adoption of a screening program for at-risk individuals, so that they might initiate adequate prophylactic measures.


Background: Evidence shows that subjective memory complaints (SMCs) could represent an important therapeutic period for people at risk for sustaining future cognitive decline, but current knowledge on the behaviour profile of the SMCs is scarce. Thus, to better understand the SMCs' help-seeking behaviour from health care professionals, a cross-sectional study using a correlational and comparative model was implemented. A total of 56 community dwelling SMC older adults (age 42 to 90 years) from South-eastern New Brunswick, Canada, were recruited and studied. Methods: Help-seeking behaviours of individuals with SMCs were explored using memory, global cognition, physical and mental health measures to discern potential differences between those help-seeking and not for their current SMCs. Results: The large majority of participants (81.3%) indicated their intention to seek help from a general physician for future SMCs. Those who had more negative perceptions of their memory performance were less likely to seek future help and more likely to delay help seeking for future SMCs (15.4% vs. 12.5%). No significant group differences were found on all socio-demographic variables, cognitive, physical and mental health measures, but a significant group difference was observed at the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) subscales. Conclusion: Despite many expressed intentions to seek help from health care professionals for future SMCs, few seem actually to seek help when faced with SMCs. In light of the potential clinical value of SMCs, it is important to encourage health care professionals to consider the SMC of their patients. Clinicians should be mindful of the potential hesitancy of patients to reveal their memory problems and concerns.


The fabrication of large‐area printed deep‐blue polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) is a prerequisite for solid‐state lighting and flat‐panel displays. However, manufacturing large‐area narrow‐band deep‐blue PLEDs remains a challenging task owing to the difficulties in reducing structural distortions caused by the transitions from the ground to excited states. Herein, large‐area deep‐blue PLEDs with narrow‐band emission from the planar (β) conformational segments of polydiarylfluorenes are fabricated via brush coating. First, large‐area uniform brush‐coated films (4 × 4 cm2) with a relatively smooth morphology are manufactured. They produce strong, stable, and narrow‐band deep‐blue emission (full width at half maximum (FWHM): 29 nm for the 0–0 and 0–1 emission peaks), which results from single β‐conformational segments without a charge transfer state. Therefore, owing to their efficient emission and excellent printing capability, large‐area brush‐coated PLEDs with an emission area of 3 × 3 cm2 and uniform deep‐blue emission (FWHM: 27 nm; CIE chromaticity coordinate: (0.15, 0.10), brightness: 3780 cd m−2) are obtained, and their maximum external quantum efficiency (1.79%) is two times higher than those of the devices containing spin‐coated films. Finally, considering the key role of deep‐blue PLEDs, the fabrication of a preliminary patterned PLED array confirms their potential display applications.


Objective
To characterize the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of posttrau-matic chronic osteomyelitis in 4 medical institutions.

Methods
The clinical data of the patients who had been admitted into the 4 hospitals for posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis from January 2012 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The tissue of visible or suspicious bone infection had been subjected to bacterial culture and drug sensitive test in surgery. The tissue specimens were divided into a G- group and a G+ group.

Results
A total of 29 species of 334 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Of them, 19 species of 145 strains were Gram-negative bacteria while 10 species of 189 strains Gram-positive ones. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated in G- group were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (39 strains; 26.90%) and Escherichia coli (26 strains; 17.93%), the most effective antibiotic for both of which was Meropenem. The most common bacterium Staphylococcus aureu (110 strains) was found in 58.20% of the patients in G+ group, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (45 strains; 23.80%). A high percentage of G+ bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin.

Conclusions
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureu were the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from the patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelits in this setting. There were more species of Gram-negative bacteria than those of Gram-positive ones. A drug sensitive test was very essential to rational administration of antibiotics.

Key words:
Infection; Fractures, bone; Osteomyetitis; Antibiotic resistance


The method of wind power modeling, stability analysis and calculation in wind-hydro hybrid power systems is described by the authors in this paper. A case study of wind-hydro hybrid power system in China's Aletai region, Buerjin County, Xinjiang Province is also presented.


AbstractThe present study analyses the effect of sodicity on unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Permeameter and pressure plate experiments were conducted on six texturally different soils at va...


Aimed at the characteristics of mineral resources and its present situation of multipurpose utilization in China,the function and meaning of multipurpose utilization of mineral resources in geological survey and their relationship were discussed.The direction and target of strengthening multipurpose utilization of mineral resources were put forward.


T he number of cellular and molecular markers of apoptosis described in cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria, is increasing yearly. Howe ver, up to recent time, plasma membrane (PM) markers stayed to be less studied [1], and only phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization has been well characterized in that compartment, and already proposed for application in biolo gy studies and medical diagnostics [2]. It should be stressed that PM markers of apoptosis possess some important advantages compared to all other markers of this phenomenon, since they are better accessible to extra-cellular interactions without disturbing cell integrity. Since PM markers of apoptotic cells can be recognized by the phagocytic and neighboring epithelial cells, they are very important for efficient elimination of apoptotic cells from tissues and organs. Cell death was shown to be accompanied by time-dependent sequence of intracellular events, starting with a trigger signal and ending with a complete removal of dying cells by their neighbors and macrophages. It is discussed since when one can consider the cell "dead" or "apoptotic". The organism senses the dying cells by a change of their surface markers and by a release of particular intercellular molecules [3] also related to changes in plasma membrane. Thus, the PM-derived apoptosis markers seem to be the most "physiological" measure of whether the cell is alive, dying, or already dead (necrotic). Recently, glycoproteins (GPs) integrated in the PM of apoptotic cells, were addressed by the investigators searching for novel cell surface markers of apoptosis. The carbohydrate moiety of plasma membrane GPs, unlike the DNA or proteins, does not need a specific matrix for its synthesis. Besides, unlike 3′→5′ phospodiester bonds in DNA, or peptide bonds in proteins, two carbohydrate molecules can be joined together by eleven different bond combinations providing a huge number of possible oligosaccharides and much higher information potential that is perfectly described by H.-J. Gabius [4]. Carbohydrate binding proteins, the lectins, have demonstrated to be a powerful tool for recognizing different carbohydrate moieties. They were discovered over 100 years ago, and hundreds of lectins with various carbohydrate specificity and different functions were described in plants and animals [5, 6]. A principal function of lectin-carbohydrate interaction is well expressed at the immune response [7, 8], including autoimmunity [9], and cell elimination from the organism [10]. It was hypothesized [11], that such interaction could be an evolutionary ancestor of the antibody-antigen interaction.


This introductory article explains the rationale behind the 12th Thematic Issue of International Development Policy, which explores the tension between development and drug control goals, both current and historic. The volume of fifteen articles draws on a broad spectrum of thematic issues to address the following key questions: Are prohibition and development mutually exclusive or complementary international agendas? How do the harms associated with drug policy enforcement undermine development prospects? The diverse group of authors highlight the corrosive effects of criminalisation and prohibition - based approaches on the livelihoods and fundamental rights of those who are vulnerable, including women, children, people who count on drug cultivation and trafficking to make a living, and people who use drugs. They also address the limitations and feasibility of development - focused interventions in drug control strategies within the context of the prohibition paradigm.


ABSTRACT Extending the notion of probability to the automorphisms of a group, we find the probability of an arbitrarily chosen automorphism of a group fixing an arbitrary element of the group.


Prediction of the transport of effluent discharged from the outfalls of thermal power plants to coastal waters is an important task in coastal environment and related areas, not only to operation and design of the plant but also to living systems due to changes in water temperature. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of water flow and heat transport in a tidal flat of Vietnam were studied using a numerical hydrodynamic heat transport model. The model was calibrated with observed data and it well reproduced water level, salinity and seawater temperature. We found that the tidal currents and winds play an important role in the dynamics of water temperature in the tidal flat area. INTRODUCTION This study was carried out for effluents of the Cam Pha thermal (coal-fired) power station, which is located on the shore of Bai Tu Long Bay, northern Vietnam (Fig. 1). The power station consists of three plants, two existing ones (CP1, CP2 with outfalls O1, O2 respectively) and one (CP3, with influent I3 and outfall O3) to be constructed. The plants will be using seawater from the bay for cooling purposes. Based on thermal specifications for these plants, there is a need to conduct a research on how thermal effluents affect the ambient water on the bay and on the influent of CP3 in order to fix its location. There is a number of operating scenarios; however, we here considered only the case when all plants are working together. METHOD AND MODEL SETTING The transport equation for salinity or temperature is of the form: 1 ( ) ( ) i j j S S D SS t x x           (1) in which S – is the concentration of salinity or temperature; Di the dispersion coefficient in the i-direction, which is dependent on grid size and the computing time step, and SS the source/sink term. The dispersion of salinity and temperature is assumed to be proportional to the effective eddy viscosity with the factor of proportionality being T / 1  , the dispersion factor; T  is the Prandtl/Schmidt number. Values of T  greater than one imply that diffusive transport is weaker for salt/temperature than for momentum. In this study, MIKE 3 model (DHI, 2003), a modeling tool, was newly set up for the study area. The model consists of two main modules: a hydrodynamic module and an advection-dispersion module. The bathymetry data were constructed based on a local map with some modification to the shoreline because of land reclamation activities taking place in the area. Fig. 1 Map showing location of the study area A 3-D finite-difference grid was developed to adequately discretize the model domain. One of the objectives for grid development is to sufficiently discretize the model domain while minimizing the total number of model cells (Don et Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Recent Progress in Agriculture and Water Management in Asia, 2017


Differentiation in a stem-derived callus of Ruta graveolens was studied by correlated light and electron microscopy. Shoot apical meristems, some of which initiated leaves, differentiated randomly at the surface of the callus. Some of the apical meristems had a tunica–corpus organization. Cells of the tunica and corpus had large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, small vacuoles, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and leucoplasts. The leaves were radial and had well developed stomata and chloroplasts of two types, one storing large starch grains and the other with no starch but with well developed grana. Lysigenous and schizolysigenous secretory glands were initiated in the leaves and towards the periphery of the callus. Central cells in the lysigenous glands underwent lysis forming a gland lumen into which lipid-like material from the degenerating cells was released. During early stages of cell lysis, breakdown of the middle lamella occurred, followed by the degeneration of cell walls. The lipid-...


Summary

A 12-year-old Irish Sport Horse gelding was presented with a two-day history of acute onset dyspnoea, pyrexia, tachycardia and ventral sternal oedema. A pleural effusion was identified, and thoracocentesis yielded a haemorrhagic modified transudate. Cytological examination of the fluid showed numerous red blood cells with smaller numbers of large nucleated cells that exhibited mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Thoracoscopy identified adhesions between the visceral and dorsal parietal pleura, haemorrhagic effusion ventrally and haemorrhagic soft tissue plaques scattered over the diaphragm and mediastinum; biopsies of tissue on the caudal mediastinum were obtained. Histopathological examination of the biopsies identified inflammation, with a suspicion of underlying neoplasia; adenocarcinoma, haemangiosarcoma or mesothelioma were considered most likely, but could not be confirmed on the basis of these examinations. The horse was euthanased, and mesothelioma was diagnosed following post mortem examination. This case demonstrates some of the difficulties associated with the accurate premortem diagnosis of mesothelioma.


The visual performance of progressive addition lenses (PAL's) is commonly described by calculation tools which do not include the pupil size as a parameter. In order to overcome this, the relative optical performance (ROP) was introduced [1, 2]. The ROP can be used for a qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as for a general characterization of different PAL designs.


The focus of the study was a qualitative identification and prevalence of intestinal parasites associated with exotic chicken breeds slaughtered in Abakpa-Nike market, Enugu, South-East Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of all the exotic chickens slaughtered in Abakpa-Nike market, Enugu, South-East Nigeria. The area of the study was Abakpa-Nike, Enugu, South-East Nigeria. A total of two hundred intestinal contents (samples) of exotic chickens slaughtered in the Abakpa-Nike market were used for the study. It comprised 100 intestinal contents (samples) from broilers and old layers respectively. Five assistants (slaughter table owners) were involved in collecting the samples. Direct smear, simple flotation and sedimentation methods were used to prepare the intestinal contents (samples) for microscopic examination for parasite eggs and oocysts. Direct microscopy was used to observe the samples for eggs and oocysts at 40-100× magnification. Intestinal parasites identified were nematodes and protozoa. Specifically, the nematodes identified were Ascardia galli and Heterakis gallinarum. The protozoon identified as Eimeria spp. The researchers concluded that exotic chickens slaughtered in Abakpa-Nike market, Enugu, South-East Nigeria were associated with intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in the slaughtered exotic chickens was 60(30%). The prevalence of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Eimeria spp were found to be 32(16%), 20(10%), and 8(4%), respectively. It was found that the prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in broilers 32(32%) than in old layers 18(18%). Hence, the broilers are predisposed to intestinal parasite infection than the old layers. The researchers recommended that poultry farmers in Abakpa-Nike, Enugu State Nigeria should take adequate measures to control the parasites to avoid the consequences associated with the intestinal parasite infestation.


This article describes a mathematical and simulation model of the dielectric barrier discharge generator (inverter with its matching output circuit and discharge chamber) used in the treating process of polymer surface. Simulation model and mathematical relationships were used to investigate the influence of the inverter output circuit parameters on its control characteristics. Słowa kluczowe: falownik rezonansowy, wyładowania barierowe, aktywacja powierzchni tworzyw.


Nearly half of people presenting to hospitals in England after self harming do not undergo specialist mental health assessment despite it being recommended by national guidelines, shows a large observational study that found an increasing rate of self harm in men over the past few years.1

Researchers analysed data on all people aged 15 and over who had presented after self harm to five general hospital emergency departments in Oxford, Manchester, and Derby in 2012, and they …


With the continuous improvement of earth observation system in China, the Remote sensing satellite image mode, band number and resolution are increasingly diversified, the amount of data is increasing exponentially, the speed of data acquisition is accelerating, and the timeliness is becoming stronger and stronger. The efficient information extraction and application of remote sensing satellite image are facing great challenges. This article proposes design ideas and technical approaches from three aspects of artificial intelligence: computing power, algorithms and data. Establish a technical system for intelligent analysis and application of satellite remote sensing data, and improve the ability of intelligent analysis and application of remote sensing data in China


The Zach S. Henderson Library has the esteemed pleasure of being the host of several selected works from The Remnant Trust foundation for the spring term of the 2016-2017 academic year. An exhibition of these works will be showcased continuously througho


The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate GIS and GPS tools for the assessment and mapping of environmental features for natural gas pipeline construction projects. Environmental permitting of pipeline projects typically involve the integration of construction design drawings, GPS-delineated field data, and various Federal, State, or local GIS data layers. Accelerated project schedules and frequent changes to routes and construction footprints emphasize the need for efficient geoprocessing tools and procedures. A standard protocol for GPS field data collection of environmental features ensures consistency and facilitates analysis of the data. Geoprocessing tools such as linear referencing allow for rapid analysis of proximity and potential impacts. Interoperability tools in ArcGIS™ software facilitates integration of AutoCAD® or Microstation™ files provided by pipeline engineers and allow environmental layers to be converted for inclusion on alignment sheets. Cartographic tools and capabilities in ArcGIS provide an efficient means for generating maps and figures for reports.Copyright © 2008 by Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern Inc.


Year 10 English : Language [VCELA] Literature [VCELT] Literacy [VCELY] John Steinbeck's 'Of mice and men", Background to the life and times of the characters in the novel.


(57) Abstract: 2 or more base stations, in the multibeam satellite relay system communicating with a plurality of subscriber terminals located in different beams of spread spectrum OCDMA (orthogonal code division multiple access) satellite communication system, the beam between the without affecting the frequency separation, to reduce the power spectral density in each beam, a method of removing pseudo-noise (PN) P2 from the incoming signal. The base station, respectively, by a set of orthogonal functions which are overlaid with the PN sequence to form a coded spreading sequence for information signal is modulated, each composed of sub-carriers spaced pair orthogonal distance transmitting a signal beam. Each of orthogonal functions said set carries data for a single user beam.


Revolutions in national policy often are not logically conceived. Instead of calm and order as the statesmen ponder momentous decisions, they are immersed in confusion and harried by conflicting advice. Consequently the end result of hasty decisions is but dimly perceived, if at all. Britain's decision of March 31, 1939 to support Poland was not taken after calm deliberation of all available policies. Responsible leaders failed to comprehend all the implications of the pledge for they believed that the pledge alone would stave off war.1


To determine the concentration of aminophylline in plasma for 9 in patients,and the results showed the research on individualization of dosage regimen is necessary.


Historical study within academic disciplines is often used to invest students in their own futures and to create a sense of community among practitioners. As technical communication programs continue to develop, program designers must make decisions about how much historical study should be included. The current study examines information about how much value teachers of technical communication place upon historical study and the reasons for its inclusion in or exclusion from academic programs. Survey results show that attention given to historical study varies by program but that a few resources dominate study within many programs. The authors make recommendations for integrating historical study into technical communication curricula and offer an outline for a technical communication history course.


The basic properties of {Lambda} hypernuclei, which can exist as particle-stable systems with spectroscopies analogous to those of ordinary nuclei, are reviewed. We discuss shell-model calculations for the structure of {Lambda} hypernuclei and their production via the (K{sup {minus}},{pi}{sup {minus}}) and ({pi}{sup +},K{sup +}) reactions. The prospects for investigating hypernuclear structure at high-energy electron accelerator facilities via the (e,e{prime}K) or ({gamma},K) reactions, which are kinematically similar to the ({pi}{sup +},K{sup +}) reaction, but which favor spin-slip transitions, are considered. 53 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.


A simple and environment friendly protocol has been developed for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with copper metal foil as reductant. The prepared AgNPs-rGO, nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical performance of the material has been evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The average crystallite size of AgNPs is found to be 32.34 nm. The application of prepared electrocatalyst (AgNPs-rGO) as a non-enzymatic sensor is examined through the modified electrode with the synthesized AgNPs-rGO. The sensor showed excellent performance toward H2O2 reduction with a sensitivity of 12.73 µA.cm-2.mM-1, with a linear dynamic range of 1.5 µM – 100 mM, and the detection limit of 1.90 µM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the sensor displayed high sensitivity, reproducibility, stability and selectivity for the determination of H2O2. The results demonstrated that AgNPs-rGO has potential applications as sensing material for quantitative determination of H2O2.


In bacteria, promoter recognition depends on the RNA polymerase σ subunit, which combines with the catalytically proficient RNA polymerase core to form the holoenzyme. The major class of bacterial promoters is defined by two conserved elements (the –10 and –35 elements, which are 10 and 35 nucleotides upstream of the initiation point, respectively) that are contacted by σ in the holoenzyme. We show that recognition of promoters of this class depends on the "flexible flap" domain of the RNA polymerase β subunit. The flap interacts with conserved region 4 of σ and triggers a conformational change that moves region 4 into the correct position for interaction with the –35 element. Because the flexible flap is evolutionarily conserved, this domain may facilitate promoter recognition by specificity factors in eukaryotes as well.


Case study analysis is used to examine the application of real options in valuing a commercial real estate mall project. Comparison of valuations using traditional discounted cash flow model with Black-Scholes, Binomial and Samuelson-McKean option models brings out the relevance of real option analysis in project decisions. Real options analysis is pertinent when market prices increase the strategic value of real estate development projects by incorporating fluctuations in volatility and providing project flexibility in its operations. The developers with varied project alternatives are able to execute the most desirable alternative using real options analysis. In real estate, land held by the developer tends to have a perpetuity value and it is at the discretion of the developer to execute possible options based on prevalent market conditions. Samuelson-McKean model that values the project as a perpetual American call option has computed the premium value of the commercial project as Rs. 154.08 mn, thus giving a strategic return of 85% to the developers.


With the fast-paced growth of e-commerce, it has been essential for both academicians and practitioners to understand how the ongoing shift to the online channel will impact the type and variety of products consumers purchase across the channels. Most of the literature examining the impact of e-commerce on the concentration of sales has focused on examining digital goods markets (e.g., book, music, or video sales) and has predominantly shown that growth of e-commerce leads to long tail effects (i.e., decreases the concentration of sales) due to consumers buying a greater variety of products online compared to offline. However, the magnitude of the observed long tail effects, the explanation behind them, and the mechanisms driving them might be different in categories where some products might have important non-digital attributes and thus require physical examination before purchase (e.g., apparel or grocery sales). In this study, using detailed individual and transaction level panel data from two multichannel specialty apparel retail brands, we show that while the shift to the online channel results in a decrease in the concentration of overall sales for both brands, this change mostly results from consumers buying very different products online compared to offline rather than consumers buying a greater variety online compared to offline. We also show that the long tail effects observed in our data are not driven by either of the two mechanisms commonly suggested in the literature (cross-channel assortment differences and customer heterogeneity), but are driven by consumers sorting their purchases into channels based on the types of products they will purchase. Our results are important for practitioners in setting cross-channel assortment strategies (i.e., deciding how much variety and what type of product mix to offer online versus offline). Our paper also provides a new way of interpreting and resolving conflicting results in the long tail literature.


Efficiency of the transition to the frequency domain is shown on the problem of impulse loading of the array with a cylindrical hole. The analysis of the 2D elastic space with two holes, one of which is exposed suddenly applied pressure, was performed using this approach combined with boundary element method.


A dynamic hashing scheme that guarantees single access retrieval from the disk is proposed. This is based on the external hashing scheme proposed by G.H. Gonnet and P.A. Larson (see JACM, vol.35, no.1, p.161-84, 1988). The performance of the scheme is achieved at the cost of a small amount of internal memory which remains proportional to the file size. The necessary algorithms for address computation, insertions and file expansions are presented. Since theoretical analysis appears too difficult, the performance is studied using simulations with real-life files.<<ETX>>


The Lycaenid butterfly Satyrium kingi (Klots & Clench) (Fig. 1) was previously informally reported by me many years back for Louisiana in the Southern Lepidopterists Newsletter state coordinator reports as I have taken it for the past 25 years in ultraviolet light traps at the Abita Springs study site in St. Tammany Parish. All of the 81 specimens before me reported for Abita Springs were taken in light traps (Fig.2) and these represent only the specimens in better condition. Records for torn and poor quality specimens were not recorded. Besides the Abita Springs records, a single specimen was also captured at light in Kisatchie National Forest, Natchitoches Parish (Fig. 3). Harris (1972) reported the range of kingi to include Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. Harris also reported the larval foodplant to be Rhododendron b d


This paper discusses and provides background to the recognition of ductile coupled shear wall systems of reinforced concrete and coupled composite steel plate shear walls as distinct seismic force resisting systems in ASCE 7 Table 12.21, Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems.


Two specimens from original 10CrMo910 steel and the steel after running 147000h in high temperature were analyzed in this research by SEM, TEM, XRD and electron probe. The results show that after running 147000h in high temperature the 10CrMo910 steel has changed a lot: 1) The dislocation and subgrain boundary in bainite decreased largely while that in massive ferrite almost disappeared. 2) The strip-shape M3C carbides were nearly dissolved, the granular austenite was gradually transformed into martensite, the fine needle-shape Mo2C carbides coarsened, and granular carbides separated out in massive ferrite. 3) There were large particles of M23C6 carbides in crystal boundary between bainite and ferrite, especially in the boundary of any three phases. And creep voids appeared.


Significance Nearby supernova explosions shape the interstellar medium. Ejecta, containing fresh nucleosynthetic products, may traverse the solar system as a transient passage, or alternatively the solar system may traverse local clouds that may represent isolated remnants of supernova explosions. Such scenarios may modulate the galactic cosmic-ray flux intensity to which Earth is exposed. Varying conditions of the traversed interstellar medium could have impacts on climate and can be imprinted in the terrestrial geological record. Some radionuclides, such as 60Fe, are not produced on Earth or within the solar system in significant quantities. Their existence in deep-sea sediments demonstrates recent production in close-by supernova explosions with a continued influx of 60Fe until today. Nuclides synthesized in massive stars are ejected into space via stellar winds and supernova explosions. The solar system (SS) moves through the interstellar medium and collects these nucleosynthesis products. One such product is 60Fe, a radionuclide with a half-life of 2.6 My that is predominantly produced in massive stars and ejected in supernova explosions. Extraterrestrial 60Fe has been found on Earth, suggesting close-by supernova explosions ∼2 to 3 and ∼6 Ma. Here, we report on the detection of a continuous interstellar 60Fe influx on Earth over the past ∼33,000 y. This time period coincides with passage of our SS through such interstellar clouds, which have a significantly larger particle density compared to the local average interstellar medium embedding our SS for the past few million years. The interstellar 60Fe was extracted from five deep-sea sediment samples and accelerator mass spectrometry was used for single-atom counting. The low number of 19 detected atoms indicates a continued but low influx of interstellar 60Fe. The measured 60Fe time profile over the 33 ky, obtained with a time resolution of about ±9 ky, does not seem to reflect any large changes in the interstellar particle density during Earth's passage through local interstellar clouds, which could be expected if the local cloud represented an isolated remnant of the most recent supernova ejecta that traversed the Earth ∼2 to 3 Ma. The identified 60Fe influx may signal a late echo of some million-year-old supernovae with the 60Fe-bearing dust particles still permeating the interstellar medium.


Background: The high burden of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases substantially as disease progresses. Characterizing early patterns of health care utilization among patients who develop cognitive impairment may deepen our understanding of early disease trajectory and potentially facilitate timely diagnosis and management. Objective: Describe clinical characteristics, healthcare utilization, and costs in early-stage dementia by disease severity and amyloid-β status before enrollment in an observational study (GERAS-US). Methods: Consented patients' GERAS-US data were linked to available five-years of Medicare claims history before GERAS-US enrollment. Clinical characteristics, comorbidity, and pre-/post-diagnosis healthcare use and costs were assessed. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between severity and amyloid-status cohorts using t-test and Chi-square statistics; linear regression models were used to compare cost and utilization measures after adjusting for differences in patients' observation time. Relative likelihood of observed diagnoses, comorbidity, and prescription drug use among cohorts were presented as OR and 90% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of 174 patients clinically diagnosed with early dementia (mild cognitive impairment (MCI): 101; mild dementia (MILD): 73), 55% were amyloid-positive. Memory loss was more likely in MILD versus MCI (OR:1.85, 90% CI 1.10–3.09) and in amyloid-positive versus amyloid-negative cohorts (OR:1.98, 90% CI 1.19–3.29). Mean annual healthcare costs after cognitive impairment/dementia diagnosis were significantly higher for MILD versus MCI ($1191 versus $712, p = 0.067) and amyloid-negative versus amyloid-positive ($1281 versus $701, p = 0.034). Diabetes was more prevalent in MILD and amyloid-negative cohorts. Conclusion: Comorbidity and economic burden increased in earliest stages of MCI and MILD and were higher in patients who were amyloid-negative.


The release of vasodilating substances from the vascular endothelium has been postulated to depend on a rise in the level of intracellular free calcium (Cai++). We measured Cai++ in intact monolayers of calf endothelial cells, grown in culture, that were loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator quin 2. Fluorescence (excitation wavelength 340 nm, emission wavelength 492 nm) was calibrated by raising Cai++ to a maximum with the calcium ionophore ionomycin (0.1 μM) and by lowering it to a minimum with ionomycin plus manganese (0.4 mM), which quenches quin 2 fluorescence completely. Loss of fluorescent dye from the cells was calculated from fluorescence at the isosbestic excitation wavelength (365 nm). Resting Cai++ was 71 ± 3 (SEM) nM. ATP (adenosine ‐5′‐triphosphate) raised Cai++ dose‐dependently and reversibly to 458 ± 60 nM at a concentration of 10 μM, and at 0.1 mM to values close to those that occurred under ionomycin. ADP (A‐5′‐PP) and AMP (A‐5′‐P) had smaller effects with a maximal Cai++ of 287 ± 72 nM at 30 μM ADP and 176 ± 17 nM at 0.1 mM AMP. At these concentrations, ADP and AMP attenuated significantly the increase of Cai++ under ATP (10 μM). Adenosine (0.1 or 0.3 mM) and acetylcholine (0.1 to 30 μM) enhanced Cai++ inconsistently, by a maximum of 50 nM. These effects were abolished by theophylline and atropine, respectively. In the absence of extracellular calcium, ATP still raised Cai++, although endothelial responsiveness declined after repetitive stimulations. We conclude that activation of purinergic receptors increases intracellular free calcium in endothelial cells, and that this increase is probably an essential trigger for synthesis of prostacyclin and the labile endothelium‐derived relaxant factor.


This video clip presents some intermediary results from re-enacting and digitally simulating a Fritz Kreisler (vl) and Haddon Squire (p) 1911 "Love's Sorrow" recording, which aimed to investigate the validity of so-called "acoustic" recordings as sources for musical performance practice research. To do so, authentic impulse responses of some early acoustical sound recording and reproduction devices (built 1901–1933) were created and applied to modern recordings, such as the "Love's Sorrow" reenactment. 1 In the video, both the 1911 Kreisler / Squire original and the 2019 reenactment are shown consecutively, allowing for trace the sound modifications due to each step of the historical recording and reproduction processes. We found that most musical parameters deployed by the musicians – especially (changes in) articulation and timbre, but also dynamics, vibrato, and portamento – are affected significantly by the devices when played back. Therefore, it not only seems objectionable to use acoustical recordings as sources for researching historical performance practices in general, but also suggests that early recording musicians may have adjusted their studio performances remarkably in order to cope with the early technology.


ABSTRACT This paper offers an autoethnographic account of using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a doctoral researcher to explore the career experiences of women deputy headteachers. IPA is a qualitative methodology which lends itself to a detailed exploration of the ways in which individuals make sense of their lived experiences. Despite the wide use of IPA in many areas of social science, this methodological approach is not commonly used by those investigating the career experiences of those working in educational leadership, management and administration. To examine the methodological implications of using IPA in such studies, this paper reflects on the author's doctoral journey as she investigated the career experiences of twelve women deputy headteachers working in state-funded secondary schools in England. Participants were interviewed at the point in their careers when they were contemplating the significant decision whether or not to pursue promotion to headship. Interview extracts and illustrative excerpts from the author's research journal are used to discuss the possibilities of IPA as well as the potential challenges facing first-time IPA researchers.


This article takes DL50 large NC lathe as example to introduce the method and technique of assembly parameterization and program design.


In this study, we demonstrate the advantages of two advanced sputtering techniques for the preparation of a thin-film conductometric gas sensor. We combined tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films with other materials to achieve enhanced sensorial behavior towards hydrogen. Thin films of WO3 were prepared using the DC and HiPIMS technique, which allowed us to tune the phase composition and crystallinity of the oxide by changing the deposition parameters. The second material was then added on-top of these films. We used the copper tungstate CuWO4 in the form of nano-islands deposited by reactive rf sputtering and Pd particles formed during conventional dc sputtering. The specimens were tested for their response to a time-varied hydrogen concentration in synthetic air at various temperatures. The sensitivity and response time were evaluated. The performance of the individual films is presented as well as the details of the synthesis. Advanced magnetron techniques (such as HiPIMS) allowed us to tune the property of the film to improve its sensorial behavior. The method is compatible with the silicon electronics industry and consists of a few steps that do not require any wet technique, and the films can be used in an as-deposited state. Therefore, sensorial nanostructured materials prepared using magnetron sputtering are very suitable for use in miniaturized electronic devices.


where k i s a non-zero vector and a sol idus I denote a covar i a n t d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . An AKQ i s said to be recurrent ( in the sense of Ruse) or symmetria ( in the sense of Cartan) according as (2) or (3) are s a t i s f i e d . The main purpose of Wong;was to show the existence of non-Riemannian AK*. With t h i s in view he has introduced a spe* n « c i a l AK*f designed SAK*:


The fading characteristics of neutron and X-ray image plates are investigated using images recorded with thermal neutrons and X-rays. When the IP is read successively, the photo stimulated intensities (PSL) decrease exponentially with number of reading times. The intensities fade with increasing elapsed time between the exposure and the reading. The fading also depends on type of radiation and flux incident on the image plate. In the overexposed image plate the residual latent image sometimes remains unerasable with visible light and reappears as background in the next recorded image. Such images are termed as ghost images. Investigations on fading characteristics of X-ray and neutron image plates using various X-ray and neutron sources and formation of ghost images are reported in this article.


Abstract N1,N3-dibenzyloxymethyl derivatives of pyrimidines and dihydropyrimidines have been successfully deprotected by using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). These N-BOM derivatives can be selectively removed from a variety of derivatives including nucleosides and compounds which are sensitive to base and reducing conditions.


In this article, the author checks the cracks of 10 same type house-style repertories which all are in a northern severe cold area, analyzes main reasons of these cracks, and provides relevant prevention methods.


Leukemia is the most common malignant tumor in children under 15 years old, which is divided into several subtypes, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), based on the disease phases and effected cells. Each subtype has its specific molecular feature and key regulation factors. In our previous studies, we reported that β-arrestin1 (ARRB1), the pivotal scaffold protein to transduce various cellular signals, could bind with EZH2 to increase Bcr/Abl H4 acetylation level and thus promote CML progression (Brit J Cancer 2014, 111(3): 568-76). ARRB1 could enhance DNMT1 activity and PTEN methylation, decrease PTEN expression and promote self-renew of B-ALL leukemia initiating cells (LICs) (Cancer Lett 2015, 357(1): 170-8.). ARRB1 could increase P300 to bind with SP1 to hTERT promoter, and thus increase hTERT transcription/expression, telomerase activity, telomere length and cell senescence in B-ALL LICs (Cell Death Diff 2017, 8(4): e2756.). However, little is known in the T-ALL, which about 70% have the mutations of NOTCH1 gene. Here, we unveil ARRB1 could curb the progression of T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo, while the expression of ARRB1 was suppressed by the aberrant increased miR-223. Mechanistically, ARRB1 could recruit DTX1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH1 protein in T-ALL. Furthermore, Overexpression of ARRB1-derived miR-223 sponge BUTR was incompatible with cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Collectively, our results for the first time revealed that ARRB1 acted as a tumor suppressor by promoting NOTCH1 degradation in T-ALL cells where miR-223 effectively antagonized ARRB1 functions. This provides that miR-223 may serve as a valid drug target for developing novel and efficacious T-ALL therapeutics.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The fundamental theories of emission spectroscopy and the application of these theories to qualitative and quantitative spectrographic analysis are briefly reviewed. Some of the more widely used analytical methods and techniques are compared as to their relative value in the spectrographic analysis of ceramic raw materials and products. An inexpensive projection enlarger is described.


The action of calcium salts in the organism has been widely discussed, a debatable point being whether or not diuresis occurs after their ingestion. In 1911, Meyer and Cohn 1 found that a certain amount of calcium chlorid added to the food of infants caused a decrease in weight, due to loss of water. They stressed the importance of using a comparatively large amount of calcium chlorid if loss of water was to be produced. On the basis of these observations, Schultz, 2 in 1918, gave doses of 10 gm. of calcium chlorid daily to patients suffering from war nephritis, and in several cases prompt diuresis and disappearance of edema occurred. In 1922, Blum 3 reported like results in similar cases, but he found also that with the disappearance of the edema there was a large output of sodium in the urine. As it is known that sodium salts cause


Abstract Numerical solutions for the problem of a free convection, diffusion flame burning on a vertical fuel surface have been obtained for Lewis number from 0·05 to 10. Results are presented for the effect of Lewis number on the temperature and concentration profiles and on the burning rate.


Background: Knowledge about subjective perceptions and explanatory models has the potential to inform clinical evaluation and lead to development of patient-friendly treatment models in medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). Aim: To collect qualitative data about explanatory models in MUPS. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done among patients with MUPS presenting over a 2-year period to a specialty psychosomatic clinic. The Short Explanatory Model of Illness interview was used to gather qualitative data about explanatory models which were subsequently recoded using standard manuals. Results: A total of 123 subjects were evaluated. The nature of symptoms was most commonly reported as 'non-specific' (n = 102, 82.9%) but of moderate to severe intensity (n = 87, 73.8%). Getting cured or showing improvement was the most common expectation from treatment (n = 58, 47.9%). Moderate to severe impact of symptoms was reported on work output (n = 100, 84%), emotional life (n = 85, 71.4%) and physical mobility (n = 59, 49.1%). A considerable proportion was either dissatisfied (n = 61, 50%) or frankly unhappy (n = 38, 31.4%) with treatment received. Conclusion: There is a need to re-calibrate the clinical approach to people with MUPS to enhance treatment satisfaction. Our findings could assist in evolving culturally sensitive conceptualizations of illness and in developing patient-centred models for therapy in MUPS patients.


Vermont, could have geographically placed the Vermont Law School, where his spouse earned her degree, as "about twenty miles south of Burlington" (67) when the actual distance via interstate highway exceeds 70 miles. One surmises Dr. Conger did not review his transcript, although each respondent was sent a copy to edit. Dr. Conger is described as a "Caretaker and Contrarian" (59), and many of the interviewees in this book can also be described as contrarians. (Not all contrarians live in Vermont.) One deduces that Mullan's choice of informants represents an individual mindset. Nonetheless, this volume usefully demonstrates how recorded voices of professionals on the front lines of health services during discouraging times, delivered with unyielding passion despite daily frustrations, can contribute to public understanding of the vital work they do. Additionally, as the fifth volume in the "California/Milbank Books on Health and the Public" series, it illustrates how the Milbank Memorial Fund as an endowed foundation can commission and disseminate oral history narratives as a means for fulfilling its stated purpose of contributing to more effective health policy. Here is oral history mobilized to help remedy a national disgrace.


Hematocrit values were measured on one hundred and eleven sets of capillary (from unwarmed and warmed heels) and venous blood samples obtained simultaneously during the first 5 days of life from 60 full term newborn infants, 40 of which the umbilical cords were clamped late, and 20 clamped early a t the time of birth.


Photo dynamic diagnosis (PDD) is a convenient and well-documented procedure for diagnosis of bladder cancer and tumours using endoscopic techniques. At present, this procedure is available only for routine use in an operating room (OR) and often with substantial photobleaching effects of the photosensitizer. We present a novel optical design of the endoscopic PDD procedure that allows the procedure to be performed in the outpatient department (OPD) and not only in the OR. Thereby, inpatient procedures lasting 1-2 days may be replaced by a few hours lasting procedure in the OPD. Urine blurs the fluorescence during PDD used in the OPD. Urine contains fluorescent metabolites that are excited by blue light giving an opaque green fluorescence confounding the desired red fluorescence (PDD) from the tumour tissue. Measurements from the clinical situation has shown that some systems for PPD based on blue light illumination (PDD mode) and white light illumination used for bladder tumour diagnosis and surgery suffers some inherent disadvantages, i.e., photo bleaching in white light that impairs the possibility for PDD as white light usually is used before the blue light for PDD. Based on spectroscopic observations of urine and the photoactive dye Protoporphyrin IX used in PDD a novel optical system for use with the cystoscope has been devised that solves the problem of green fluorescence from urine. This and the knowledge of photo-bleaching pitfalls in established systems make it possible to perform PDD of bladder tumours in the OPD and to improve PDD in the OR.


Based on the superposition and elasticity theory,a theoretical model of initiation pressure calculation in staged fracturing of perforated horizontal well was developed while considering the effect of wellbore pressure,formation stress distribution,and stress induced by hydraulic fracture.The change of initial and subsequent fractures initiation was studied.The results show that the stress induced by initial fracture is influenced by fracture spacing.When the initial fracture length is constant,the induced stress along wellbore decreases gradually until the stresses reach initial formation stresses.Fracture initiation of a perforated horizontal well is affected by perforation azimuth.The optimum azimuth is determined by the stress distribution around wellbore.Induced stress can increase subsequent fractures initiation pressure.The degree of impact is increasing with the increase of fracture length.When fracture length is constant,the increase amount of initiation pressure would drop rapidly with the increase of fracture spacing.


For more effective decision making in preparation for and response to cyberevents in the energy sector, multilevel situation awareness, from technical to strategic is essential. With an uncertain picture of evolving threats, sharing of the latest cybersecurity knowledge among all sector stakeholders can inform and improve decisions and responses. This paper describes two novel solutions proposed during the formation of the European Energy – Information Sharing & Analysis Centre (EE-ISAC) to build situation awareness and support information sharing. The development of EE-ISAC towards regular information sharing among members is described. This demonstrates the foundations achieved so far upon which a situation awareness network can be built for the energy sector.


Objective: This study aims to identify the factors that cause reproductive disorders in beef cattle in the North Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra. Methods: The objects of this study were cattle with reproductive disorders and breeders whose cattle had reproductive disorders. This research used a survey method. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and conducting direct interviews with breeders, while secondary data was obtained by studying the 2017 report of UPSUS SIWAB (Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture's program to accelerate the fulfilment of domestic beef cattle population targets) in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The questionnaire covered the characteristics of cow with reproductive disorders including body condition score (BCS), type of cows, feed given to cows with reproductive disorders, maintenance management, veterinary/medical personnel visits, pregnancy checks, heat synchronization, birth assistance, type of mating, and the breeders identity. This questionnaire was distributed to 30 breeder respondents in 5 districts. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression with SPSS. Results: The results showed that 110 cows had reproductive disorders, 57.3% of which experienced hypofunctional ovaries. The independent variable that has the strongest correlation to the dependent variable is the body condition score (sig. 0.043), followed by the feed given to the cows (sig. 0.046) with the regression equation Y = -4.297 + 1.495X 1 + 2.492X 2 . Conclusions: The identified factors that had correlation to reproductive disorders in female beef cattle are body condition score and feed.


The origin of transverse momenta in minimum-bias events is investigated within the framework of the dual parton model. A Monte Carlo code nicely reproduces almost all available data in a purely soft framework. However, to obtain the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum, it is necessary to attribute transverse momenta to the initial partons which exceed soft values. Without drastically changing the general picture of particle production, the scattering process has to contain a sizable ''semihard'' component.


STUDY DESIGN
Within-subjects repeated measures design.

BACKGROUND
Previous research has identified that iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is more prevalent in females than males. It has been theorized that high iliotibial band (ITB) strain rate is a primary etiological factor for developing ITBS. Orthotics are commonly used to influence gait mechanics and may reduce ITB strain rate due to influencing alterations in the kinematic chain.

OBJECTIVES
Identify how wedge orthoses and sex affect ITB strain and strain rate.

METHODS
Thirty (15 male, 15 female) asymptomatic participants ran with lateral 7°, lateral 3°, no wedge, medial 3°, and medial 7° wedges. Subjects ran overground and data were collected with a motion capture system and force platform. ITB strain and strain rate were estimated using a novel six degree of freedom musculoskeletal model. A mixed model MANCOVA for between-subjects comparison of sex and within-subjects comparison of wedge was used.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in ITB strain or strain rate between wedge conditions. Females had significantly higher ITB strain and strain rate compared to males.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should be aware that medial wedges may not acutely alter ITB strain or strain rate. Females exhibited greater peak ITB strain and strain rate, potentially due to increased hip internal rotation compared to males. Further research is needed investigating longitudinal effects of the wedges. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 31 Aug 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8837.


Location sensing is fundamental for supporting wireless communications services. This paper exploits the signal correlation structure observed in an indoor localization environment in order to provide accurate position estimation by means of a limited amount of signal-strength measurements. Because the mobile devices have limited processing power and battery capacity, the proposed received signal-strength localization protocol avoids putting on extra computational overhead on the mobile device by performing the position estimation at the Access Points (APs). Since the APs observe correlated signals from the mobile devices, the introduced method exploits the common structure of the received measurements in order to jointly estimate the positions precisely. The evaluation of the proposed protocol is performed on real laboratory data through experiments that quantify the impact of the system parameters on the location error.


Six electronically different concave-shaped subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) have been prepared for testing the structural factors governing fullerenes encapsulation. Thus, the supramolecular interaction of SubPcs with C60 and C70 fullerenes in solution has been studied by Job's plot and titration experiments, which yielded quantitative information on both the stoichiometry and strength of the complexes in toluene solution. The importance of the electronic nature of the SubPc was demonstrated, as it influences not only the stability of the complex, but also its stoichiometry. Alkyl chains incorporated in hexaalkylthio-substituted SubPcs seem to in some way cooperate in the binding process and influence its kinetics. In the resulting 2:1 complexes, the large absorption cross section of SubPcs throughout the visible part of the spectrum is the beginning of an unidirectional energy transfer to funnel the excited state energy from the periphery (i.e., two SubPcs) to the core (i.e., C60 and C70).


Abstract Much of the knowledge on salmonid ecology is based on electrofishing. Because there is little information on how electrofishing affects the subsequent behavior of fish, some of the salmonid data may be unreliable. Estimates of population sizes of stream fish based on mark–recapture or removal rely to a large extent on electrofishing as well. The population estimates obtained can be affected by high rates of movement suggested among stream-dwelling fish, regardless of whether the movements are natural or sampling induced. The amount of movement before and after electrofishing a closed population of brown trout Salmo trutta was determined by trapping in a small stream during 1994–1996. To assess the influence of movements on mark–recapture estimates and evaluate obtained estimates in relation to removal estimates, four different estimates (removal in summer, removal in autumn, conventional mark–recapture, and mark–recapture considering fish movements) were made for the closed brown trout population...


Understanding c1imate and its feedback on water resources constitutes a priority issue of the 21 st century for specific regions of the planet. In particular, 94 % of energy consumed in Québec province cornes from hydroelectricity and 80% of Quebec hydroelectric plants are established above the 49 parallel in northem Quebec. Then this energy production is subjected to major water supply changes. It is therefore important to reconstruct the past c1imate variations in this region to assist modelling of future reservoir levels and help decision making relative to hydroelectric supply. Because c1imatic records for Northem Quebec are particularly scarce and of short duration. Annual growth rings of trees are potentially useful to prolong the available series. Indeed trees are sensitive to environmental conditions as expressed in their chemical growth-ring properties. In this study we use the stable isotopes of oxygen (80) and carbon (8C) from growth rings sampled at the he ad of the hydroelectric La Grande complex in the James Bay area. The 8C values show significant correlations (Pearson p<O.Ol) with the maximum temperature of July-August (r=0.60), mean water supply from July to November (r=0.58) and mean vapour pressure deficit from July to September (r=0.64). The 80 values show significant correlations with mean precipitation from June to August (r=-0.48), mean water supply of July to November (r=-0.54), mean maximum temperature of June to August (r=0.62) and mean vapour pressure deficit from June to August (r=0.65). Furtherrnore the 8C and 80 values show strong statistical links with a climate index reflecting both precipitation and temperature of July-August and June-July (r=-0.55 and 0.58) respectively. These results suggest that C and 0 dendroisotopic series can help reconstruct past c1imatic conditions, inc1uding hydric regimes through the development of transfer function. 1 Corresponding author (E-mail: Mathieu firstname.lastname@example.com)


Based on the faulty simulation experiment on vibration from our rotor test rig,the large amount of faulty simulation experiment data were calculated,and the sample of wavelet gray moment vector of typical fault was built.As its input to the Probability Neural Networks(PNN),the fault diagnosis was researched.The result shows that the classification accuracy of 100% for training data is realized by the PNN,has good classification ability of typical vibration faults of rotating machinery,and with 75% for fresh data based on the wavelet gray moment vector.So it can be deduced that PNN has integrated advantages of neural networks and Bayes classifier,and it is a practical diagnosis method for typical fault identification of rotating machinery by using integrated signals of PNN with characteristics of the wavelet gray moment vector.


This paper describes the epistemology of Islam in inclusive education. Education is a process of human development from stage to stage. This process develops the potential of each individual. To achieve this, education is equitable for all groups, including children with special needs. Seeing the social reality that occurs in the majority of the majority of people that children with special needs are much marginalized and often not even get love. The general view is that children who have disabilities are not useful in a social context. This is of particular concern to the government in special efforts to handle children with special needs in developing their potential. These efforts were implemented in the implementation of inclusive education. Inclusion education provides space for every human being, whether normal or disabled. In the view of Islam education is the duty of every human being. An Islam view that every human being is the same who distinguishes is the degree of piety. While physical differences are gifts from the creation. So in these context children with special or normal needs both have an obligation to undergo the education process to provide reinforcement on the understanding of inclusive education, this paper tries to examine, examine epistemologically. In particular the epistemology used is the epistemology of Islam. This is to explore where knowledge from inclusive education originates. The source of inclusion knowledge was used as a reinforcement of the importance of the implementation of inclusive education in the education model


After more than 20 years' development, China's broadcast and TV industry has come to a critical stage. It faces challenges from both itself and the external changes. But the reform cannot be finished with one step due to the industry's speciality and complexity.


Cases of subacute inclusion encephalitis were first described by Dawson (1933, 1934) in a youth aged 16 and a girl of 5 years in Tennesee. The changes were mainly in the grey matter and inclusions of Cowdry type A were found in neurones and oligo-dendrocytes. In the next 20 years 18 similar cases had been reported, 12 in males and six in females, all in children or young people in their first two decades of life (Akelaitis and Zeldis, 1942; Brain, Greenfield and Russell, 1948; Malamud, Haymaker and Pinkerton, 1950; Foley and Williams, 1953).


The downstream effects of six impoundments on their respective physicochemical conditions over two years are compared for two contrasting for two contrasting rivers. The impoundments studied included two on a cool, clear, clean, acid, and short system with a steep gradient (Palmiet River), and four on a warm, turbid, polluted, alkaline, and relatively long system (Buffalo River). Where possible, results are also compared against predictions of the Serial Discontinuity Concept (SDC) of Ward and Stanford (1983), and the 'recovery' (discontinuity) distances are estimated for a number of variables.

Major effects centred on changes in median spot temperatures and annual temperature ranges, particularly for dams regulating the upper reaches of both rivers. These upper river impoundments behaved similarly despite different release patterns; and caused only weak chemical effects, most of which recovered rapidly (within 3 km). Middle reach impoundments also behaved similarly despite different release characteristics, but they caused more pronounced changes and recovery distances were longer (up to 30 km).

Observed exceptions to the predictions of the SDC included alterations to nutrient regimes of receiving reaches downstream of all dams, annual temperature range was affected downstream of headwater dams on both rivers, and all impoundments on both systems depressed flow fluctuations. Although the specific predictions of the SDC model are not generally borne out, it is regarded as a useful tool for testing the effects of impoundment on rivers, and the concept of 'recovery distance' forms a useful practical framework for management of releases.


RNA quality and integrity are key factors that significantly influence the utility of microarray analysis. In this study we sought to optimise RNA isolation techniques for ovine lung tissue that best preserved the quality and quantity of RNA available for subsequent microarray analysis. The primary indices of quality were the optical density (OD), 260/280 and 28S/18S ratios, and the RNA integrity number (RIN) score. Lung cell and tissue samples were harvested either by bronchoscopy under anaesthe- sia or at necropsy examination, and immediately processed to preserve the RNA. Samples were analysed and electropherograms generated by the Agilent microfluidic capillary electrophoresis BioAnalyzer 2100, allowing calculation of the 28S/18S ratio and the RIN score. Results were compared with visual analysis of the electropherogram to determine the most useful RNA quality metric. We found that the 28S/18S and the OD 260/280 ratios were poorly sensitive for detecting RNA quality and initial RNA concentration, which significantly play a role in ensuring a good quality and integrity of the RNA. Notably the quality of RNA available was dependent on the type of lung tissue (lung tissue vs. bronchial tissue vs. bronchial brush biopsy samples) selected for extraction. The data from this study provides a useful baseline for undertaking a microarray study in relation to obtaining optimal RNA integrity from bronchial tissue samples.


The current patchwork of programs designed to ameliorate poverty has failed. Efforts to alleviate poverty by expanding educational opportunities have also had little impact. Poverty among youth has increased during the past two decades even though federal funds for reducing poverty have grown and median educational attainment has increased. Centralized policies and programs have been neither effective nor efficient; perhaps because they are developed on the basis of aggregate data (while needs are diverse), they often ignore the needs and interests of those served, and they may undermine lbcal survival strategies that have been operating for generations. A summary of findings from two rural schools in economically depressed Appalachian counties illustrates the diversity of conditions and needs that can be found in locations that would appear very similar to demographers and policymakers. Evidence from these locations supports policy recommendations to: (1) create a system of coordinated poverty interventions that avoids gaps and duplications; (2) provide funding for local development, design, and pilot testing of programs; (3) develop avenues for dissemination of information about successful interventions; (4) utilize the school as the hub of all activities pertaining to program development for economically disadvantaged youth; and (5) provide funding for articulation of efforts between schools and service agencies. (SV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** SAVE THE COMMUNITY OR SAVE THE STUDENTS: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FROM STUDIES OF RURAL SCHOOL SUCCESS Kenneth J. Homy, Ed.D. Union College Barbourville, Kentucky Dwight Hare, Ph.D. Mississippi State University Starkville, Mississippi Margaret S. Phelps, Ed.D. Tennessee Technological Univkrsity Cookeville, Tennessee Ann Franklin, M.A. Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, Tennessee National Rui al Education Association Research Forum Burlington, Vermont October 14, 1993 2 -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATWAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY /(/ "Cfr-e' TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) /This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it P Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points ol view or opinions stated in this ,iocument do not necessarily represent iMicial OERI Position or policy A. INTRODUCTION What has been the wellspring of educational policy impacting economically disadvantaged students? For decades policy makers have built interventions on aggregated data detailing the impact of poverty and its adjuncts on the lives of young people. The time has come for policy makers to examine the efficacy of this approach to decision making. Myrdal (1944) is credited with popularizing the concept of the cycle of poverty in which he identified a set of causal factors said to conjoin to foster poverty among poor blacks. Poor education was identified as causing limited employment opportunities, thereby creating a low standard of living. The low living standard of poor blacks was said to lead to deficient medical care, inadequate diet, and substandard housing into which subsequent generations were born. The cycle could be entered at any point among the factors, and the impact would be the same. In the early 1960's the Kennedy administration seized upon the idea of the cycle of poverty and built its case for the War on Poverty on Michael Harrington's The Other America: Poverty in the United States (Spring, 1986). Harrington's work contained massive statistics pertaining to poverty and unemployment and provided the foundation for the Council of Economic Advisers report presented to Congress in the form of recommendations for the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (EON. Once again, however, the statistics that provided the underpinning for the EOA were aggregated data developed at the federal or state levels. It is important to note that Spring (1986) also points out that Harrington argued that


Many Gram‐negative pathogens, such as Shigella and Salmonella, assemble the type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject virulence proteins directly into eukaryotic cells to initiate infectious diseases. The needle apparatus of the T3SS consists of a base, an extracellular needle, a tip protein complex, and a translocon. The atomic structure of the assembled tip complex and the translocon is unknown. Here, we show by NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) that the mixed α–β domain at the distal region of the Shigella and Salmonella tip proteins interacts with the N‐terminal ectodomain of their major translocon proteins. Our results reveal the binding surfaces involved in the tip–translocon protein–protein interaction and provide insights about the assembly of the needle apparatus of the T3SS.


The authors demonstrate all-optical error-free demultiplexing of 10, 20 and 40 Gbit/s to 5 Gbit/s data signals by using a monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two semiconductor laser amplifiers.


This paper aims to report the experience of the internship in a public school in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The internship intended to contribute to the self-knowledge and health promotion, moreover to promote a better development of teacher's professional activities and improve the educational process. There were eleven meetings during a semester, some with the teachers, other only observing and also some only with the internship personnel. The discussed themes approached the difficulties in working as a teacher, the other "selves" present in the professional lives of the teacher, the dynamic of the classroom, the difficulties of the team and the possibilities of the construction and transformation of the school environment and also the changes in the community. It was possible to work with the ability of the many "selves" that one only person could experience which allowed the participants to talk about themselves, take care of themselves and also see themselves. The internship group has faced many difficulties during the project, but the necessity of keeping the project is very clear.


With the development of new media industry, comments based user interaction is now fairly routine in live broadcasting. User comments usually appear in the form of short text with freestyle and cyber new words. The general word segmentation methods could not adapt to Chinese short text in new media comments. This paper proposes a novel method of Chinese short text segmentation to solve the problem of word segmentation granularity self-adaption. A New Media Comment Short Text Dataset(NMCD) is built for our researches, a word vector text containing cyber new words and entity words as well. Our optimized bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) model based on attention mechanism and transfer learning could make number and its unit together after the word segmentation. The experiment results show that the Fl-score is improved by 21.43%. The word segmentation method in this paper could be efficiently applied to the new media comments analysis system later.


Discuss the common methods,measurement parameters and key technologies in network measurement.Several common key technologies in network measurement,such as delay,packet losing,filtering out of "packet noise" and removal of clock skew,are iotroduced.Some measuring models and issues are discussed through the analysis of delay,packet losing,filtering out of "packet noise" and removal of clock skew.Because of the fast development of network and the continually advance of new applications,network is becoming more and more complex.In order to deal with the complex network,it is necessary to put forward new measurement models,which is important basis for moderate,reliably,effectively operating of network.


Virtual enterprise is the trend following market economic development deeply , production and management all-over the world, network, without intermediate electron business etc. that points out a non-boundary, open enterprise organization Its managing style is taken project as the center, organizing a strategy union, or concentrating/loose work style. If earring out reforming technical project, or enlistigable men, fully use the unused equipment, stepping enterprises industry regions to make cooperation each other, this is very use of managing rule for virtual enterprise.


Developers are seldom shy about expressing how they feel about the current task at hand, especially when the task triggers stress and impacts productivity negatively:


In recent years, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices have attracted a lot of attentions due to the increasing performance they provide thanks to technology scaling, besides their high flexibility through in-field reprogramming and/or partial reconfiguration capability. However, when such devices are to be deployed in safety- and mission-critical applications such as avionic and space applications, it is mandatory to verify the reliability of the device in the target environment where radiation effect is considered as one of the major sources of faults in the system. For static random access memory (SRAM)-based FPGA devices, the SRAM cells holding the configuration data for the circuit implemented on the devices are highly susceptible against single-event upset (SEU) induced by charged particle striking the device and one single SEU in the configuration memory may corrupt the implemented circuit design causing system misbehavior. In this paper, we present the radiation test data on Xilinx Kintex-7 SRAM-based FPGA using ultrahigh energy heavy-ion test beam for the first time available to third-party radiation test in CERN.


The direct measuring method is considered to get nuclear reactor antineutrino spectrum. We suppose to isolate partial spectra of the fissile isotopes by using the method of antineutrino spectrum extraction from the inverse beta decay positron spectrum applied at Rovno experiment. This admits to increase the accuracy of partial antineutrino spectra forming the total nuclear reactor spectrum. It is important for the analysis of the reactor core fuel composition and could be applied for non-proliferation purposes.


This paper describes five studies, based on questionnaires and interviews with pupils in primary and lower secondary schools, in France and in Switzerland, over the past two decades. It explores the ways in which pupils' attitudes to history change during the transition between primary and secondary school, and investigates pupils' views about the importance of history education, the teaching approaches they experience, and their perceptions of the reasons for learning history. Findings of the studies suggest that pupils are generally taught in a didactic way, while they prefer visits and debates, and that while some students feel that history is relevant to them others do not, and many pupils do not think learning history has any utility. Older students may see knowledge of history as a cultural asset but are more interested in personal links with the past rather than history as a study of changing groups and societies. Students do not appreciate the skills of thinking, reflection, and judgement, which should be integral to the processes of historical enquiry.


Nearly every facet of modern society depends heavily on highly complex software systems. The business, energy, transportation, education, communication, government, and defense communities rely on software to function, and software is an intrinsic part of our personal lives. Teaching software assurance and secure coding practices are significant challenges currently facing computer science educators. The Strawman version of the CS2013 curricular volume recognizes this vital need and has included a new knowledge area to specifically address software and information assurance in undergraduate computer science education. Also recognizing the importance of the software assurance discipline for protecting national infrastructures and systems, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has identified the growing need for skilled practitioners in this area. At the direction of the DHS, the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University initiated the Software Assurance Curriculum Project. Session leaders will share curricular materials from this project and will facilitate active discussion centered on infusing software assurance into introductory computer science courses at two-year and four-year colleges and universities. The latest curricular volume published September 2011 will be distributed at the session and includes a review of related curricula, outcomes and body of knowledge, expected background of target audiences, and outlines of six courses. These curricular materials are also available online at www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/11tr017.cfm.


There are many challenges in mining data streams, such as infinite length, evolving nature and lack of labeled instances. Accordingly, a semi-supervised ensemble approach for mining data streams is presented in this paper. Data streams are divided into data chunks to deal with the infinite length. An ensemble classification model E is trained with existing labeled data chunks and decision boundary is constructed using E for detecting novel classes. New labeled data chunks are used to update E while unlabeled ones are used to construct unsupervised models. Classes are predicted by a semi-supervised model Ex which is consist of E and unsupervised models in a maximization consensus manner, so better performance can be achieved by using the constraints from unsupervised models with limited labeled instances. Experiments with different datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional methods in mining data streams.


The response of the contact point of the vehicle with the bridge, rather than the vehicle itself, is proposed for modal identification of bridges by a moving test vehicle. To begin, approximate closed-form solutions were derived for the vehicle and contact-point responses, and they were verified by finite element solutions. The contact-point acceleration is born to be free of the vehicle frequency, an annoying effect that may overshadow the bridge frequencies in case of rough surface. From the frequency response function (FRF) of the vehicle with respect to the contact point, it was shown that the contact-point response generally outperforms the vehicle response in extracting the bridge frequencies because it could identify more frequencies. In the numerical simulations, the contact-point response was compared with the vehicle response for various scenarios. It is concluded that in each case, say, for varying vehicle speeds or frequencies, for smooth or rough road surfaces, with or without existing traffi...


Shadowboxing and Calligraphy are both gems of Chinese traditional culture.They share the same origin,different in approach but equally satisfactory in result,and they have appearance and spirits,activity and motionless.This article analyses the natural origin of shadowboxing and calligraphy at the angle of aesthetic pursuit,ultimate religion and end-result when the later generations learn them.So as to explain the role that shadowboxing,and calligraphy the gems of our national art,play in people's daily life.


A lot of streets in Kobe City were blocked by collapsed wooden houses etc. in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. Street-blockade obstructed emergency activities such as refuge, rescue, fire-fighting and relief at that time. As a basic study to establish a method of predicting the danger of street-blockade due to strong near field earthquakes, first the conditions of wooden house collapse and street-blockade in Nagata Ward and Higashi-Nada Ward of Kobe were investigated using aerial photographs. Through the examination of this data, it became clear that frequency distribution of the length of debris of collapsed wooden house follows the Gamma distribution. Next, discriminant analysis of street-blockades based on Mahalanobis' distance was carried out. Analytical results showed that the accuracy of discriminant analysis was satisfactory and rate of collapsed houses, street and sidewalk widths contributed significantly to the accuracy. In addition, discriminant analysis based on theory of probability were carried out and it was shown that its analysis didn't give an underestimation of overall rate of blocked links.


According to 《Labor Law of People's Republic of China》and the relevant rules and regulations, settling of labor dispute keeps to the principle of "once mediating, once arbitration, twice trials". Among them, dispute of labor lawsuit is the final channel to settle the dispute of labor. Currently, there is no related labor procedural law. Therefore, people' s court conducts dispute of labor proceedings in the light of the civil procedural law and the related provisions. However, labor relationship and civil relationship, legal labor relationship and legal civil relationship are poles apart in nature. In a word, the mode of settling dispute of labor is not appropriate extremely.


The invention relates to a heat recovery system (1) for an internal combustion engine (2) having a through which a fluid heat transfer medium heat exchanger (3) for transferring the heat of a combustion exhaust gas (4) of the engine (2) on the heat carrier, one traversed by the heat transfer medium heat engine (5) for converting the transferred to the heat transfer heat into mechanical work, a substantially cyclically closed line system (6) for connecting the heat exchanger with the heat engine (5), at least one positive displacement pump (7) for conveying the heat carrier (through the conduit system 6) in a predetermined flow direction, and a pump drive for driving the positive displacement pump (7). A reduced wear obtained when the heat recovery system (1) is supplemented by an impermeable separating membrane for fluid-tight separation of the heat carrier from the pump drive.


The awareness that law and language are strictly connected is shared by several areas of knowledge, including information and communication technologies. According to Francesconi et al.2, they are "characterized by the coexistence of two autonomous but structurally similar systems: both are endowed with rules that underlie the construction of the system itself, that guide its evolution and guarantee its consistency". In this context, electronic media with the aid of computer technology have proved very useful to provide access to institutional discourses and specialized knowledge in legal domains to a wide range of users across countries and languages. According to Agar3, institutional frames, user frames and directives comprise the segments


J Thorac Dis 2022 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-22-1266 Patients with lung cancer often have concomitant comorbidities associated with smoking, in particular poor lung function due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1). Although tumour resection is the gold standard treatment for early (stage I-II) non-small cell lung cancer (2-4), inevitably a portion of uninvolved lung is removed by the surgical procedure. This can be problematic in those with limited lung function and can result in a reduction in exercise tolerance and quality of life (5), or even oxygen dependence (6). Preoperative assessment of lung function is therefore of paramount importance: a successful technique must be straightforward, accessible and acceptable, with an ability to determine accurately postoperative lung function. In low-risk cases, measurement of air flow (FEV1) and diffusion capacity (DLCO) may be sufficient, but in high-risk cases measurement of lung volumes, and lung ventilation and perfusion, may better predict outcomes. Traditionally, pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (PPS) has been employed, but it is technically complex and of limited availability. Thus, other techniques including Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT volume or segment counting (7,8) have been proposed. Each has its advantages; a recent meta-analysis has identified combined CT volume and density measures as the most accurate method to-date (9). Dynamic chest radiography (DCR), a low-dose fluoroscopic digital imaging system, has recently been employed for a range of different cardiopulmonary imaging applications. In one such application, by measuring change in X-ray absorption in different areas of the visualised lung relative to cardiac motion during a breath hold over several cardiac cycles, blood flow through discrete areas of lung can be measured (10). DCR employed for this purpose is referred to as dynamic perfusion digital radiography (DPDR). The ionising radiation dose of DCR is low (11), and the posteroanterior images of the entire thorax are acquired in an erect or supine position in much the same manner as a standard chest radiograph. Prior to automated image analysis, these breath-hold inspiratory images are similar to a chest film and can be used for this purpose. DCR can also be used to calculate lung volume subdivisions (12), assess diaphragm motion (13,14), measure ventilation (15) and quantify lung nodule motion (16). These attributes may afford it a role as a thoracic imaging technique in the workup of individuals with lung cancer. In this issue of the Journal of Thoracic Disease, Hanaoka et al. (17) measured blood flow ratios using both DPDR and PPS in a group of 44 individuals (6 female, mean age 73±6 years) undergoing radical surgical resection for primary lung cancer, both comparing the results of blood flow ratios directly and using the results to predict postoperative spirometry, long term oxygen requirements and cardiorespiratory complications such as pneumonia and atrial fibrillation. In their retrospective observational work, they found a good correlation of distributions of affected side to total ratios (r=0.87, P<0.01) and predicted postoperative lung function (r=0.98, P<0.01) between the two techniques. Prediction of cardiorespiratory complications by receiver operating characteristic analysis was also good, with predicted postoperative percentage Editorial


Li Gou first emphasized "punishment" and"ritual" complemented each other, he opposed harsh punishment, manifested the tolerant spirit. He also offered "the emperors and the common people must obey the same law", namely "Equal before the law", and he opposed remitting for one's crime by money so safeguarded the social fair in the certain degree. These viewpoints had the obvious progressive significance, but owed to his age limitation, he still had some flaws. We ought to study his thought seriously in order to serve for reality.


Here, we describe the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) HetDA_MAG_MS6. HetDA_MAG_MS6 was obtained from an enrichment of the heterocystous diazotroph HetDA, which was isolated near Station ALOHA. The MAG was placed in the Cyclobacteriaceae family and is predicted to be a chemoorganoheterotroph with the potential for ammonia uptake, phosphonate transport, and sulfolipid biosynthesis. ABSTRACT Here, we describe the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) HetDA_MAG_MS6. HetDA_MAG_MS6 was obtained from an enrichment of the heterocystous diazotroph HetDA, which was isolated near Station ALOHA. The MAG was placed in the Cyclobacteriaceae family and is predicted to be a chemoorganoheterotroph with the potential for ammonia uptake, phosphonate transport, and sulfolipid biosynthesis.


Scholarship about women and gender in the US is marked by controversies about sex differences; and there is little rapprochement between groups of researchers with different epistemological assumptions. It is argued that empirical investigation of personal epistemology has important implications for feminist scholarship. Following findings of no reliable sex differences in personal epistemology, cross-cultural research showed important interactions between sex and religiosity. This suggests that in order to be able to make statements about the relative importance of sex/gender in predicting behavior, feminist researchers need to subject a wider range of variables to multiple comparisons.