Objective: The management of patients with sickle-cell disease and cardiac arrest presents special challenges. Mild therapeutic hypothermia may improve survival and neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest, however, it may also precipitate sickling in patients with sickle-cell disease. Rigorous exchange transfusion may enable mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in patients with sickle-cell disease. Design: Case report. Setting: A 28-bed closed format intensive care unit in a university hospital. Patient: A 41-yr-old man with a double-heterozygous sickle-cell &bgr;-0 thalassemia was admitted to the internal ward for acute chest syndrome. On the third day he developed cardiac arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved after 45 mins of full cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Interventions: Postcardiac arrest rigorous exchange transfusion and mild therapeutic hypothermia were applied. Measurement and Main Result: Erythrocytapheresis lowered the content of hemoglobin S to 5.6%, and therapeutic hypothermia was successfully maintained for 24 hrs without adverse events. After 2 critical weeks, the patient regained full consciousness. Conclusion: Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest is feasible following rigorous exchange transfusion in patients with sickle-cell disease.


In this work, we investigated the properties of a glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (GFRTP) composed of small-diameter (ϕ = 5 μm), high-strength glass (T-glass) fibers and polycarbonate for esthetic orthodontic wires formed using pultrusion. After fabricating such GFRTP round wires, the effects of varying fiber diameter (5 to 13 mm) on the mechanical properties, durabilities, and color stabilities were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of GFRTPs tend to increase with decreasing fiber diameter. Additionally, it was confirmed that the present GFRTP wires containing T-glass fibers have better flexural properties than previously reported GFRTP wires containing E-glass fibers. Meanwhile, thermocycling did not significantly affect the flexural properties of the GFRTP wires. Furthermore, the GFRTP wires showed color changes lower than the acceptable threshold level for color differences on immersion in coffee. From these results obtained in the present work, the GFRTP wires containing high-strength glass fibers have excellent properties for orthodontic applications. Our findings suggest that the GFRTPs might be applied to all phases of orthodontic treatment because their properties can be tuned by changing the fiber properties such as fiber type and diameter.


NURSING CONSIDERATIONS OF SCORING SYSTEMS IN THE CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS Hanan Mohammed Mohammed Assistant Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University Abstract: General illness severity scores are widely used in the ICU to predict outcome, characterize disease severity and degree of organ dysfunction, and assess resource use. In this article we review the most commonly used scoring systems in each of these three groups. We examine the history of the development of the initial major systems in each group, discuss the construction of subsequent versions, and, when available, provide recent comparative data regarding their performance. Importantly, the different types of scores should be seen as complementary, rather than competitive and mutually exclusive. It is possible that their combined use could provide a more accurate indication of disease severity and prognosis. All these scoring systems will need to be updated with time as ICU populations change and new diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic techniques become available.


The performance of the electric field sensing unit determines the sensitivity, linearity and range of the electric field sensor. In this paper, a kind of alternating electric field sensing unit based on parallel capacitance was been introduced. And it analyzed the measurement principle of the parallel capacitive sensing unit. The structure parameters of the electric field sensing unit with equipotential ring were been designed by simulation, which reduced the influence of edge effect on the performance of the sensing unit. According to the measurement standard of power frequency electric field, the designed sensing units were tested under uniform electric field. And the influence of the sampling capacitances on the static characteristics of the sensing unit was been analyzed. The sensing unit with the best performance had a linearity of 1.6025% and a sensitivity of 248 mV/(kV/m). Its sensing unit had the characteristics of small volume, low production cost and it was easy to integrate and have mass production.


Correspondence: Boris Knyazer Department of Ophthalmology, soroka University Medical Center, P.O. Box 15184101 Beer-sheva, Israel Tel +972 8 6400379 Fax +972 8 6403927 email firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction: Intraocular eyelash is an uncommon complication after cataract surgery. We report a very rare case of corneal foreign body after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: A 66-year-old man referred to our outpatient ophthalmology clinic for routine examination one week after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extraction in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a cilium in the anterior chamber with the proximal end abutting on the inner ostium and the distal end freely mobile in the external ostium of the 6 o'clock paracentesis. Results: The eyelash was removed under topical anesthesia with toothless forceps. Follow-up examinations were unremarkable. Conclusion: Intraocular eyelash is an uncommon complication after modern cataract surgery. Early detection and removal lead to a favorable outcome and prevent possible postoperative inflammation or infection.


Summary A direct slide agglutination technic is described for determining the presence of agglutinating antibody in air-dried films of tissues and cells. This method has proved to be of value in correlating the appearance of antibody with cytological changes occurring at the site of antibody production.


First experiments on fundamental band CO lasing in sealed-off cryogenically cooled slab facility with RF discharge excitation were carried out. Repetitively pulsed and CW modes of RF discharge excitation were studied. Average output power achieved 12 W. Lasing efficiency exceeded 10%. The output laser spectrum was observed within wavelengths range 5.08-5.34 &mgr;m. Stable lasing was obtained for tens minutes.


The opportunity to study abroad is broadly hailed as a route for young people to develop a wide range of knowledge and skills, including intercultural understanding, interpersonal skills, and language learning, among many others. Universities around the world are investing significant resources in developing a variety of study abroad programmes, ranging from short or long term in duration, and from guided to independent study. These may have a number of aims, including to promote individual student learning and development and to enhance student mobility and employability, particularly in the context of a rapid and changeable global employment market. The terms 'global citizen', 'global graduate', 'global skills' and 'global mindset' have all taken on increased significance within this context. Limited research has been conducted, however, to explore students' own perspectives of these terms. This small scale study therefore set out to explore the perspectives of students on UCL's BASc programme and especially to better understand where and how the learning they gained during study abroad resonates with UCL's global citizenship and student mobility strategies.


Aim To explore changes in sex hormones levels in male patients with erectile dysfunction.Methods Serum FSH,LH,PRL,T,E2,P levels were determined with IMMULITE.Results In the patients,serum FSH,LH,PRL,E2 levels were significantly higher than those in normal males.However,serum T levels were lower than that in normal males.There was no differece in the levels of P between normal males and erectile dysfunction.Conclusion (1)ED stems from testicular pathological changes in the majority of eraclie dysfunction;(2)Higher level of E2 inhibits testicle from secreting hormone;(3)There was a functional imbalance of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis in eraclie dysfunction;(4)Sex hormones levels are very important in male sex function,particularly with diagnosis and treatment in erectile dysfunction.


Introduction: Alopecia is a chronic dermatological disorder affecting millions of people, in which people lose some or all of the hair on their head.
Although alopecia has many forms, all are characterized as a chronic inammatory disease that affects the hair follicles. Alopecia often has
psychological consequences, including high levels of anxiety and depression.
Case presentation: We report hair regrowth in 12 patients with alopecia treated with adult stem cell released molecules in combination with micro
needling.
Conclusion: Adult stem cell released molecules in combination with micro needling is an efcacious, safe, and affordable treatment for alopecia.


The modifications are documented which were made to the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm which allow it to compute solutions in a space marching manner. The space marching flux is formulated to be either first- or second-order accurate, using Roe's upwind differencing or Symmetric Total Variation Diminishing differencing, respectively. The algorithm solves the thin layer Navier-Stokes equations, and is subject to the same flow restrictions as a parabolized Navier-Stokes solver. Each cross flow plane is locally iterated in time until converged, then marched in space to the next station. The algorithm is tested on a sphere-cone geometry and a geometry which models the windward side of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Computational results for surface heating are compared to ground based experimental data. In addition, space marching predictions for surface pressure are compared against values from the original algorithm.


In the theoretical analysis of the general structure of activity as presented in the fundamental work of L. S. Vygotsky and A. N. Leont'ev, cooperation among the participants in a joint activity is viewed as the source of new mental functions. Under conditions of cooperation, an activity that is initially shared by those participating in it emerges as an original and fundamental foundation for the development of forms of individual activity. Thus, L. S. Vygotsky wrote, "Any function in the cultural development of the child appears twice, on two levels: first as a social function, and then as a psychological function, first as something taking place between people, a category based on relationship between minds, an intermental category; later, this psychological function occurs within the child, as an intramental category" [2. Pp. 197-98].


The development of design have been discussed adopted various types methods use. The Hadi and Arfiadi Method presents a formulation for the optimum rigid road pavement design by genetic algorithm, a new method. The Westergaard's Method determines the stresses in the rigid concrete slab and also the pressure-deformation curve which depend upon the relative stiffness of the slab and the subgrade. Razouki and Al-Muhana also developed stress charts similar to Westergaard's method. The paper reveals that the effects on the maximum bending tensile stress are quite significant due to the modulus of subgrade reaction, modulus of elasticity of concrete and slab The Maharaj and Gill method have performed axisymmetric finite element analysis by varying parameters, the thickness of pavement, pressure and elastic modulus of subgrade. The advantage of this method is that four types of design charts have been presented which other methods have note done. First type of design chart has been plotted between thickness of pavement and nodal deflections for various pressures for a particular elastic modulus of soil. Second type of design chart has been plotted between thickness of pavement and element stress for various pressures for a particular elastic modulus of soil. The third type of design chart has been plotted between thickness of pavement and nodal deflections for various elastic moduli of subgrade for a particular pressure. Each of the design charts has three parameters. For two known parameters, the third parameter can be obtained. Keywords— Rigid pavement, Design Chart, Elastic Modulus of Subgrade, Finite Element Analysis, Thickness of


Bistable generators have been proposed as potential solutions to the challenge of variable vibration frequencies. In the authors' previous works, a specific BSM (Buckled-Spring-Mass) harvester architecture has been suggested. It presents some properties of interests: simplicity, compactness and wide bandwidth. Using a normalized model of the BSM generator for design and optimization at different scales, this paper presents a new integrated BSM bistable generator design with the OSECE (Optimized Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction) technique which is used for broadband energy harvesting. The experimental results obtained from an initial prototype device show that the BSM generator with the OSECE circuit exhibits better performance for low coupling cases or reverse sweep excitations. This is also confirmed by simulations for the proposed integrated generator. Good applications prospective is expected for the bistable generator with the nonlinear OSECE circuit.


to the presentation of Bn(E2), and showed that finite order braids exist for each n > 1. Magnus [10] derived a presentation of the group Mn of mapping classes of the n-punctured 2-sphere from that of Bn(S2) by adding the relation (u1l2 * * . an1)n = 1. A mapping class of the n-punctured 2-sphere can be visualized as an n-string braid between concentric 2-spheres, where the inner sphere is free to execute full revolutions. In this paper we modify Artin's effective procedure for putting a braid on E2 into normal form in order to solve the word problems for Bn(S2) and Mn. The resulting normal forms are then used to prove the following theorems.


Biodiversity distribution across the Earth is heterogenous. Alpha and Beta diversity components of biodiversity interact with the gradients of each other, and the two biodiversity components are a result of assemblage of communities from local and regional dynamics. Thus, the dynamic nature of biodiversity patterns may be well captured by an integration of both alpha and beta components of biodiversity, other than the simplistic measurement of alpha diversity alone (Soininen et al., 2017). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: June 1, 2020 Accepted: July 8, 2020 Online: July 10, 2020 _______________


The experiment was compared medicago tiaoxi by squeezing water 40% and 50% with drying directly and sun-air drying. The results showed that the drying of squeezing water 40% and 50% drying time shorter than drying directly(12 hours and 13 hours), shorter than sun-air drying(66 hours and 67 hours), the DM lower than drying directly(0.02% and 0.19%), higher than sun-air drying(7.9% and 3.8%); the drying of squeezing water 40% DM, CP, EE, CF, CA, Ca loss rate were 2.05%, 4.22%, 7.92%, 1.09%, 7.94%, 9.44%; the drying of squeezing water 50% DM, CP, EE, CF, CA, Ca loss rate were 6.15%, 9.32%, 26.16%, 4.28%, 15.17%, 15.89%; the drying of sun-air DM, CP, EE, CF, CA, Ca loss rate were 9.74% , 14.45% , 42.94% , 16.15% , 15.67% , 17.07% . The economic benefic of squeezing water 40% and 50% with drying drirectly increased 177.67% and 176.72%.


The present invention prevents particles from being adsorbed in the reaction gas to the inner wall of the vacuum pipe during the discharge of the reaction gas generated in the reaction chamber for the semiconductor process through the vacuum pipe and accelerates the flow rate of the reaction gas passing through the vacuum pipe , A vortex prevention pipe portion is mounted in the middle of the vacuum pipe to prevent the vortex from occurring in the inner wall of the vacuum pipe due to the reaction gas flowing through the vacuum pipe, thereby reducing the flow velocity of the reaction gas, Pressure pipe along the inner wall of the vortex prevention piping portion by mounting the piping portion to cancel the frictional force between the reaction gas flowing through the vortex prevention piping portion and the inner wall of the vortex prevention piping portion to accelerate the flow rate of the reaction gas. According to the present invention, as the gas injection hole of the gas injection pipe part injects the gas in the flow direction of the reaction gas in the vacuum pipe, the flow velocity of the reaction gas is accelerated to prevent the particles from being adsorbed on the inner wall of the vacuum pipe.


Currently alternative agricultural systems, like organic farming, that are less chemical intensive, less exploitative and that can conserve the environment are gaining popularity. Tuber crops, especially aroids, like elephant foot yam, respond well to organic manures and offer scope for organic production. However, lack of package of practices recommendations hinders the promotion of this viable alternative farming practice. Hence, the organic farming technology for elephant foot yam developed at CTCRI was validated through on farm trials under State Horticulture Mission funded programme. Demonstration trials were conducted during 2008-2009 in 10 farmers' sites to cover an area of 5 ha in Kollam and Pathanamthitta districts of Kerala to compare the yield, quality, economics and soil fertility under the organic management practices with the existing farmers' practice and conventional practice (present package of practices recommendations) in elephant foot yam. Organic farming resulted in higher corm yield (34.60 t ha-1) and additional income (Rs. 43,651 ha-1) over conventional farming. Organically produced corms had significantly higher dry matter and Mg contents and significantly lower oxalate content. The chemical properties of the soil, especially K, were also seen favoured under organic farming. The organic farming technology standardized for elephant foot yam includes the application of farmyard manure (FYM) @ 36 t ha-1, green manuring with cowpea to generate 20-25 t ha-1 of green matter in 45-60 days, neem cake @ 1 t ha-1 and ash @ 3 t ha-1.FYM and neem cake are to be applied in pits at the time of planting. Ash may be applied at the time of incorporation of green manure at 45-60 days after planting.


I n studying the variations of the distal extent of hand digits certain types appear : (a) the grasping hand, in which the ulnar digits extend further; (b) the plucking hand, where the radial digits extend further; (c) mixed forms intermediate in type, or transitional. This morphology is important. -4pplied anthropology realizes that work will not fit the hand but that the hand should select the work. The pianist, Liszt, is said to have had a very great spread of finger tips, so that the fourth and fifth fingers could touch piano keys beyond the octave easily. Organists, also, have been seen to have such construction which is definitely useful to them. Workman who must adjust sets of projections will benefit by the plucking type of hand, that with greater distal extent of index finger and a lengthy thumb. The digits of the hand evidently vary in length and diameter from individual to individual. However, the thumb (digit I) and the third digit are the shortest and the longest, respectively, both absolutely and in respect of their distal termination. No variation of these relationships has been observed in man although Erikson, ('57 p. 290) has shown a brachiating primate with the index longer than the third digit. Accordingly, attention was given to the other digits. The little finger (digit V), after the thumb, has the shortest distal extent. The index (digit 11) and the ring finger (digit IV) vary in their distal extent relative to each other. The index may be longer, as shown on the right hand in figure 1, or it


Frank Mehring, The Democratic Gap: Transcultural Confrontations of German Immigrants and the Promise of American Democracy. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag, 2014. 419pp.  ISBN: 978-3-8253-6170-9. Hans Krabbendam Roosevelt Study Center, Middelburg This award-winning book by Frank Mehring, professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands, addresses central questions in the field of American Studies: How does one explain the discrepancy between the promise of American democracy and the disco...


Objective To study the pediatric anesthesia operation preoperative operative safe nursing methods.Methods To review our hospital from January 2010 to May 2011 200 pediatric patients with general anesthesia before the operation of the operation after the operation care material.Sums up and probes into the security of the general anesthesia children nursing methods.Results The one case occurred stopped breathing,one case of vomiting suffocation,the timely rescue after handling all through,and 1 case suppurative appendicitis and whole peritonitis toxic shock postoperative death,the second day 199 cases recovered from the hospital.Conclusion High quality before surgery,surgery after the surgery,nursing is children successful operation general anesthesia is one of the important factors.


As a useful approach for hydrocarbon exploration , t he sequence stratigraphy has been com2 monly accepted. The concepts of sequence and parasequence provide a state2of2t he2artframework for studying t he distribution and characters of depositional system , and analyzing t he occurrence , distri2 bution , characteristics of source , reservoir and seal2play elements. The newly2developed geochemical2 sequence stratigraphy focuses mainly on t he occurrence , distribution and characters of source rocks and reservoir hydrocarbons wit hin a chronostratigraphic framework. Integrated wit h sequence stratig2 raphy , geochemistry can be used to study t he source rock potential wit hin a sequence stratigraphic framework and to describe t he characteristics of hydrocarbons accumulated in reservoirs , which were predicted by way of sequence stratigraphy. The concept of geochemical2sequence stratigraphy was proposed by Peters et al. (2000) . Constructing a reliable sequence stratigraphic framework is t he ba2 sis of geochemical2sequence stratigraphic study alt hough it is not t he main goal. High2resolution bio2 marker analysis is critical to t he construction of a geochemical2sequence stratigraphic model. The geo2 chemical2stratigraphic study involves mainly : (1) t he distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks wit hin a sequence chronostratigraphic framework ; (2) t he geochemical features of source rocks wit h relative sea (lake)2level change ; (3) to predict if t hese reservoirs bear hydrocarbons and t heir geochemical features ; (4) to be used to construct t he time2stratigraphic framework. This paper also summarizes t he lake basin types , and introduces t heir facies associations , source potential and or2 ganic geochemical features. At t he end , t he aut hors offer some suggestions about how to carry out geochemical2sequence stratigraphic study in lacustrine strata.


Large–scale installations play an important role in the interaction between basic research and industry in Europe, because of the technological complexity and multidisciplinarity that they have introduced in the world of basic research itself. Large installations have a significant capability to meet their own technological problems with the skills of their own scientific staff. The need to focus on the specific scientific tasks for which installations are created, though, acts as a strong disincentive to pursue hi–tech innovations per se and to further exploit them. The relatively weak institutional links with the industrial world, moreover, make it even harder for large installations to diffuse their own technological know–how. Nonetheless, large installations can act as catalysts for technological innovation and can directly contribute to it. The article also reviews some Community actions to improve the economic evaluation of the technological potential of large installations and to facilitate their use by European researchers.


The Communities and Local Government commissioned the Social Policy Research Unit (SPRU) and the Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC) at the University of Oxford to create an Index of Child Well-being (CWI), using the methodology and approach applied to the Indices of Deprivation. The Child Well-being Index (CWI) represents the first attempt to create a small area index exclusively for children in England. Unlike the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the CWI was restricted by the availability of data as many datasets are not disaggregated by age group. Data on children is largely collected through surveys which are not robust enough to be broken down to small area level. The CWI follows a similar approach, structure and methodology as that used in the IMD 2007. Summary report and data available. (The data is also accessible from the interactive Data Atlas on the ChiMat website.)


Positive and conditionally positive deenite functions, especially radial basis functions and similar functions for spheres, tori, and even Riemannian manifolds, are of interest because of the their well-known ability to synthesize a good surface t from scattered data. More recently, positive deenite basis functions have been employed to analyze scattered data. The methods used to do this involve constructing multiresolution analyses or multilevel approximations. This paper will discuss recent developments in the synthesis and analysis problems, point out new directions in their investigation, and remark on applications. x1. Introduction Positive deenite and conditionally positive deenite functions and kernels are used in areas that require tting a surface to data taken at scattered points in Euclidean space or on some surface, a sphere or torus, say. When the underlying space is Euclidean, radial basis functions (RBFs)| e.g., Gaussians, multiquadrics, and thin-plate splines|are employed. These are positive deenite and conditionally positive deenite kernels that are functions of only the distance between points. Because they retain their positivity no matter what the dimension of the space is, they are especially well suited for being activation functions in multi-input, feed-forward neural networks 5, 62]. They also produce pleasing, smooth surfaces 24] when used in tting noisy data taken at two-dimensional sites. Some of the rst RBF applications , which arose in geophysics 32, 33], were of this type. There are several good review articles on RBFs and related topics. Frequently cited ones are those written by Buhmann 9], Dyn 14], and Powell 63]. Cheney's article 11], although not speciically about RBFs, also includes a review of them. Finally, Schaback's article 71] contains a very nice review of many important properties of RBFs. Positive deenite functions on spheres, which Schoenberg 68] introduced, behave like RBFs, and have been called spherical (radial) basis functions (SBFs) All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.


Objective To study the principle of surgical treament of traumatic lens dislocation.Methods Fifty-three cases of traumatic lens dislocation from 1998 to 2002 were studied.Different surgical methods were used depending on the position of dislocated lens and its complication.Results All lens were successfully removed, 58.5% eyes got vision improvement in different degree.In the case with secondry glaucoma,intraocular pressure was controlled.Also retina was reattached in the cases combined with retinal detachment.Conclusion Surgical treatment of patients with traumatic lens dislocation should depend on the position of the dislocated lens with or without complication,and combined surgery is better for complicated one.


newer and ~hcnylephrinr. The baremaker was also slowed by a cholinesterase inhibitar (rdmphonium hydrochloride) and accelerated by a muscarinic~reccptor hlorking drug lhymcine h~~tgtbromidb. The ~ettons of lhcsf maneuvers an* BCC",6 were independent of sympiithe,,c tone as pmpranolal pretreatment did not alter their eflecta. Similarly, pr~pranotol did not affect ,he pacemaker rate. The pace. maker was no, dependent onas,w inward current because


Collision detection is fundamental to many kinds of simulation. Any simulation that needs to model interactions between solid objects needs some form of collision detection. However, despite this need, a generalpurpose collision detection framework has not been developed for the High Level Architecture (HLA). This research paper proposes a framework which facilitates this need. The framework differs from previous solutions by conforming to the principles of low coupling and high cohesion, cornerstones of the HLA ideology, which promote reuse of simulation components. To this end, the framework does not bind itself to the existing Object Model of the simulation it supports. The HLA Data Distribution Management (DDM) services are used to increase the network and processing efficiency of the solution. By incorporation of advanced spatial partitioning and collision detection algorithms, the solution provides an accurate, fast collision detection service to HLA federates.


In this paper, a new very fast fault simulation method to handle the X-fault model is proposed. The method is based on a two-phase procedure. In the first phase, a parallel exact critical path fault tracing is used to determine all the detected stuck-at faults in the circuit, and in the second phase a postprocess is launched which will determine the detectability of X-faults.


The low-frequency vibrations of tetraethylammonium (TEA) cation have been investigated by complementary theoretical and experimental approaches for the purpose of exploring the role of variations in template conformation on the templating of molecular sieve structures. Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been used to calculate equilibrium structures, normal-mode vibration spectra, and torsional potential energy surfaces of TEA using the STO-3G, 3-21G, and 6-31G basis sets. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) has been used to measure the vibrational spectra of TEA in the iodide salt, zeolite beta, and SAPO-34 molecular sieve in the range 0-400 cm[sup [minus]1]. In the theoretical calculations, four local minima corresponding to D[sub 2d], S[sub 4], C[sub 1], and C[sub 2] structures were located in the potential energy surface of the free TEA cation. Their relative energies at the HF/6-31G level were 0.0, 0.8, 3.5, and 6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. A search of the potential energy surface for the lowest energy paths between these conformers via ethyl torsions reveals that all the barriers were [<=]13 kcal/mol. The small barriers indicate that all conformers should be accessible under the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis during molecular sieve crystallization. 36 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.


Compounds and heterostructures in optical devices often host multiple carrier species that contribute simultaneously to the total electrical conduction, making it difficult to distinguish the characteristics of each type. Here a Fourier-domain Mobility Spectrum Analysis (FMSA)1 is introduced to sort the conductivity contributions of different carrier species from magnetotransport measurements. Using simulated magnetotransport data from 0 to 15 T of a simple initial trial spectrum, FMSA iteratively adjusts the spectral points in either the mobility domain or its Fourier reciprocal space to fit a mobility range spanning over three orders of magnitude (μ = 670 ~ 1,000,000 cm2/V·s). With its alternating local and global adjustments, FMSA is able to recover the mobility distribution of test data, as verified in convergence plots of the total error as a function of iteration number. This technique resolves the mobility spectra as well or better than competing MSA techniques with a simple and elegant algorithm, while precisely resolving the smoothness and width of mobility peaks without artificial broadening.


In practical industry applications, computing complexity is frequently the primary concern of transmission system cascading failure simulation (CFS), because of high-order contingency combinations and probabilistic time-sequenced events caused by the impacts of uncertainty. In this paper, a cloud computing framework based on Hadoop/MapReduce integrated with BPA software is presented for performing high-efficiency parallel CFS and analysis. The most significant functions for CFS, including automatic action logic identification, pre-defined fault set scanning, fault chain searching, and system severity evaluation, were also carefully designed to contribute to the analysis procedure as precisely as possible for both quasi-steady and dynamic analyses. The complete architecture is implemented using Java. Two benchmark cases and one real transmission system numeric test verifies the feasibility of the proposed technology.


Introduction: Measurements of lunar heat flow provide valuable information for understanding the Moon's internal structure, composition, and evolution. Recently expanded and improved data [1,2] from the Apollo 15 and 17 Heat Flow Experiment (HFE) provide the only available in situ lunar temperature measurements to date. Existing analysis and interpretations of the HFE data present an opportunity for reinvestigation as notable uncertainty is associated with the derived values of lunar regolith thermal conductivity and corresponding heat flow. The presence of a decreasing thermal gradient over time (Figure 1) and temperature amplitudes larger than those predicted by models using LRO Diviner-derived thermophysical properties [4] highlights a need for thorough reexamination. A critical evaluation of measured subsurface temperature amplitudes and subsequently determined thermal conductivity values will contribute significantly to the study of lunar heat production and future in situ measurements.


Two classes of special EO prism configurations for light beam deflection are proposed. Simple formulas expressing resolvable spots N R and deflection angle φ in terms of the induced optical path difference between the two boundary rays of a parallel beam traversing the prisms are derived and are used to compare the relative merits of the special prism configurations. Design formulas for prisms in tandem are laid down. As examples, design curves for KD*P and LiNbO 3 deflectors using focused laser beams at room temperature are plotted. Some problems related to two-dimensional deflection are discussed.


To cope with the heavy workload and long development time in achieving traffic signal intelligent control algorithms by VC+ + and other programmings,a simulation evaluation approach of intelligent control strategies for urban traffic signals based on Matlab VC+ + hybrid programming was presented.Six approaches for achieving hybrid programming with Matlab VC+ + were analyzed.Then,the com-based hybrid programming with Matlab VC+ + and its development process were represented in detail.Simultaneously,taken traffic signal two-stage fuzzy control(TSTFC)at an isolated intersection for example,the com-based hybrid programming was employed to develop a Paramics-based simulation platform of TSTFC based on the API addin of the micro-traffic simulator Paramics.Finally,the experiments on a typical urban isolated intersection were carried out,and in designed various simulation scenarios for different traffic conditions at isolated intersections,the performance of the presented approach was validated under four signal control strategies.The results demonstrate the potential of the developed evaluation approach in time efficiency and simulating real traffic conditions,and the TSTFC is more effective when traffic status at intersections is above low saturation.


This thesis presents the results of a study for the measurement of in-engine heat transfer coefficients on cooled rotating blades in an operating gas turbine engine. These are the first successful in-situ measurements of the heat transfer coefficients in the harsh environment (high temperature, combusted gases) of an engine in operation. The heat transfer coefficient distributions along the midspan of the rotor blades of the low-pressure turbine in the heavy duty (288 MW) gas turbine engine were measured at different engine operating conditions. In the measurement technique, blade surface temperatures and an upstream reference gas temperature are measured while the engine is subjected to a thermal transient. The temperatures on the surfaces of the rotating blades are measured by means of an infrared pyrometer, whose optical access is from the tip endwall of the upstream vanes. The variation in the reference gas temperature is measured using a rake of thermocouples positioned at the exit of the second combustor. The distribution of heat transfer coefficients is then determined from both the variation in blade surface temperatures and the variation in the upstream gas temperature. Heat transfer data along the midspan of the blades are presented in terms of Nusselt numbers for a set of TBC coated and uncoated blades, respectively. For the leading edge area of the blades, the measured heat transfer rates are compared with empirical correlations. These correlations show excellent agreement with the experimental data. The influence of Reynolds number and incidence angle on the heat transfer rates are demonstrated and discussed. The associated measurement errors in heat transfer coefficient are assessed using a Monte Carlo analysis and the mean error is found to be 15.8%. This mean error is slightly higher than those resulting from experiments in the benign laboratory environment. The accuracy of the measurements and the low relative cost of the hardware substantiate that the present measurement approach is well suited for in-situ heat transfer measurements of large gas turbine engines. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulations of the rotor blade flow are used to predict the heat transfer coefficients on the isothermal blades. These CFD predictions are compared with the experimental data over the range of Reynolds numbers observed in the engine experiment. A novel measurement approach is presented for the experimental determination of the local adiabatic gas recovery temperature distribution around the blades. The method is based on the distribution of both the measured surface temperatures and the heat transfer coefficients. A least-squares fitting procedure is used to equate the heat transfer rates due to convection and conduction at the blade surface. From the least-squares fit, the local adiabatic gas recovery temperature is derived. The measured recovery temperature distribution at different Reynolds numbers is compared with the predicted distribution using the result of the a through-flow solver. The mean measurement uncertainty in the recovery temperature is estimated to be 5.9%. In the context of in-engine heat transfer measurments, results of thermal blade calibration work are presented. The thermal diffusivity of different blade materials is measured in a bench experiment. The method used to measure the thermal diffusivity is based on the thermal excitation of the sample surface using a pulsed laser beam and the subsequent measurement of the temperature response on the surface. The diffusivity data is then compared with data from the literature. Experiments on TBC coated and uncoated blade samples are conducted to determine their surface emissivities. In the measurement method, a defined area on the sample surface is covered with a paint of known emissivity. A pyrometer is used to measure the radiosities of the painted and unpainted areas. From these comparative measurements, the emissivity of the sample surface is derived. A data reduction procedure is also developed to account for the amount of reflected radiation emitted from the measurement area.


Difficulty in breathing can be very disconcerting to a patient who is conscious yet unable to breath normally. The common causes of acute respiratory distress include hyperventilation, vasodepressor syncope, asthma, heart failure, and hypoglycemia. In most of these situations, the patient does not exhibit respiratory distress unless an underlying medical disorder becomes acutely exacerbated. Examples of this include acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, cerebrovascular accident, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. A major factor that leads to the exacerbation of respiratory disorders is undue stress, either physiologic or psychologic. Psychologic stress in dentistry is the primary factor in the exacerbation of preexisting medical problems. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. This is a case report of acute respiratory distress with vasodepressor syncope during alginate impression taking of mandibular teeth in a long-standing temporomandibular joint dislocated 93-years-old pneumonic patient.


Summary Dreams of food and eating constitute typical dreams. This conclusion is based on the analysis, of 229 food and eating dreams of 4 female patients which revealed a similarity of manifest content and a similarity of latent meanings. In the first three studied cases where there were adequate numbers of dreams to study statistically, it was discovered that the incidence of this typical dream tended to decrease as the analyses progressed. The possible meanings of this decrease were discussed. The most prominent latent meanings of this typical dream are: (a) as a regressive substitute gratification (oral) for genital satisfaction, and (b) as a symbol of pregenital fixations on maternal love, support, and reward. The latent symbolic meaning of foods in dreams is a rich and diverse source of psychodynamic material. It may well have a bearing on our understanding of certain hysterical conversion symptoms, food preferences, idiosyncrasies, and allergies, and certain psychosomatic disturbances which involve appetite and upper gastrointestinal functioning. The suggestion is offered that the serial study of repetitive dreams throughout the course of analysis may be a useful methodological approach to research in various aspects of psychoanalysis. Such an approach may be able to encompass simple quantitative relationships and correlations.


An immunoaffinity column/HPLC procedure was developed to quantify low levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee beans, roasted coffee beans, and soluble (instant) coffee with greater than 80% recoveries. The method was used to survey 116 soluble coffee samples from various countries and different manufacturers and showed contamination levels ranging from "not detectable" to 15.9 μg/kg. The highest levels of OTA were detected among soluble coffees that had been adulterated with coffee husks and/or coffee parchments (mean contamination level:  5.9 μg/kg). By comparison, OTA concentrations in pure soluble coffee samples were significantly lower, with a mean contamination level of 1.1 μg/kg. Although higher than normal figures have been found in some products purchased in East European countries, the results of this survey indicate that pure soluble coffee is not a major source of OTA in the diet, with estimated intakes being well within safety limits. Keywords: Ochratoxin A; soluble coffee; analysis; HPLC...


An effective management system ensures the full realization of the activities that lead to the achievement of the objectives of the plain water processing companies. The efficiency criterion for a management system is represented by the level or degree of congruence that ensures the fulfilment of the objectives regarding the achievement of the parameters that define the water quality. Otherwise, this will be an ineffective or less effective system than desired. The quality control of flat mineral waters is the final link in the final chain of management that aims to achieve quality characteristics by determining the content of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, ammonia, nitrates, oxygen, organic substances. In the present research we aimed to determine the pH index and conductivity, compared to quality standards. The content of calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron in the water consumed daily by the population, represents the quality of water, and beneficially affects people's health. That is why these characteristics give information about the biochemical value of water.(http://www.apeleminerale.ro).


All of the reductions currently used in complexity theory (≤p, ≤γ, ≤R) have the property that they are honest. If A ≤ B then whatever machine M reduces A to B is such that: if on input x, M outputs y then x ε A ↔ y ε B. It would appear that this membership preserving property is intrinsic to the notion of reduction. We will see that it is not. We introduce reductions that lie and sometimes produce outputs y ε B when x ? A. We will use these reductions to further clarify the computational complexity of some problems raised by Gauss.


Background. Majority of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with an acute respiratory illness of varying severity. Chest computerized tomography (CT) is one of the important steps in the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary involvement. Cardiovascular complications including pulmonary arterial (PA) abnormalities have been recently emphasized upon. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between severity of pulmonary infection and pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/AA) ratio on chest CT scan. Material and Methods. This cross section study was conducted on 74 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who underwent chest CT scans.. Radiologists assessed every CT examination and graded the extent of pulmonary involvement and severity score obtained. The diameters of PA and aorta were measured and PA/AA ratio was then calculated. Results. Among 74 patients, 28 patients have abnormal PA/AA ration (>1) . Twenty four patients (32.2%) were classified as mild, 39 (52.7%) as moderate and 11 (14.8%) as severe, with  statistically significant difference regarding presence of abnormal PA/AA ratio (P> 0.05) specially in patients with severe pulmonary involvement. There was no significant difference regarding gender and age groups. There was no statistically significant relationship between PA/AA ratio  and pattern of pulmonary radiological findings.
Conclusion. Covid-19 patients with severe pulmonary involvement (higher severity score) tend to have abnormal PA/AA ratio. PA /A ratio could be used as an additional prognostic radiological marker in  assessment of Covid-19 infection.


Rather than creating and storing thousands of paraphrase examples, paraphrase templates have strong representation capacity and can be used to generate many paraphrase examples. This paper describes a new template representation and generalization method. Combing a semantic dictionary, it uses multiple semantic codes to represent a paraphrase template. Using an existing search engine to extend the word clusters and generalize the examples. We also design three metrics to measure our generalized templates. The experimental results show that the representation method is reasonable and the generalized templates have a higher precision and coverage.


A process and an apparatus for preparing a beverage under controlled pressure are provided. The process of preparing a beverage from a beverage preparation chamber comprises the steps of feeding water to the preparation chamber (2) until a first pressure (P1) of at least 3 bar is reached, interrupting the flow of water to the preparation chamber, holding said preparation chamber (2) in a closed condition for a first time interval (ti), opening said outlet (3) of the preparation chamber (2) and delivering the thus prepared beverage.


Abstract Trees and shrubs significantly increase the visual value of roadside crosses and shrines. The paper presents results of the inventory of small roadside sacral structures in Borzechów Commune (Central-Eastern Poland). The species composition and the age status of dendroflora surrounding small roadside sacral structures were examined. We have inventoried 94 small roadside sacral structures in Borzechów Commune. Only 68 of them were surrounded by trees and shrubs that represent 39 species. The most common deciduous species are small leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.), but the most common coniferous species is northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). In the research area the most common small roadside sacral structures are crosses. Shrines and statues of saints are very rare.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cosmetic functionality of mixed extracts of Crassostrea gigas, Trichosanthes cucumeroides, Angelica dahurica and Asarum sieboldii (CTAA), which are effective in skin whitening.Methods: In this study, to evaluate the cosmetic functionality of the mixed extract, 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity evaluation, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity evaluation, tyrosinase inhibitory activity evaluation, melanin production evaluation, cell toxicity evaluation was performed.Results: As a result of ABTS and DPPH radical analysis, CTAA-4 was 60.7% and 59.1% at 500 μg/mL, respectively, showing the best antioxidant activity. As a result of the SOD-like activity analysis, CTAA-4 was confirmed to be 32.3±3.7% at the concentration of 500μg/mL, and in the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity result, CTAA-4 was 29.6±3.6% at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. In the tyrosinase activity analysis result, CTAA-4 had the lowest tyrosinase activity at 59.7% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Melanin production was also found to be 44.6% of CTAA-4 compared to the control at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. As a result of cytotoxicity, all test substances had no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 to 500μg/mL as cell viability was confirmed to be more than 95%.Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the mixed extract developed in this study has excellent inhibitory activity of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and has excellent skin whitening effect by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and melanin production.


Objective To compare the effects of semi conductor laser nasal cavity irradiation with He Ne laser intravenous irradiation therapy on patients with brain lesion. Methods Ninety six cases of cerebral infarction(CI), traumatic brain injury(TBI) were randomly divided into semi conductor laser group (group A, n =50, λ=650nm , 2.4mW, 30mins/nasal cavity), He Ne laser group (group B, n =46, λ=632.8nm, 2.5mW, 40mins/ intermedia cubiti vein or basilic vein). The changes of the blood lipids, hemorheology parameters, scores with Fugl Meyer movement scale and Barthel index assessment were compared after the semi conductor laser and He Ne laser irradiation. Results After laser irradiation,The CHOL, TG, LDL, ESR and HCT were significantly reduced in both groups( P 0.01). Fugl Meyer movement scale and Barthel index scores were significantly increased ( P 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P 0.05). The brain damage area was reduced in all the patients as revealed by CT examination. Conclusion The influence of the two kinds of laser irradiation therapies is similar when applied in patients with brain injury. But semi conductor laser nasal cavity irradiation is a simple, safe, inexpensive therapy for the patients.


X-ray screening for security is a well-established inspection technique. Whilst in terms of fielded systems the vast majority consist of low energy X-ray sources, typically used for hand baggage or mail screening. There is a smaller but high value niche market servicing the requirements for border security, and cargo and vehicle inspection (CVI). This latter application requires higher X-ray energies of up to 10 MeV using an electron linear accelerator (linac) source to penetrate fully loaded shipping containers. Increasingly, methods are required to improve throughput and provide a higher level of material discrimination during inspection. This paper will briefly review the elements required to make an effective X-ray source, whilst outlining the RF technology required to drive a linac-based X-ray security system. Following this, potential new developments in radiofrequency (RF) subsystems will be discussed in the context of user benefits.


Tourism is extremely dependent on information and communication industries. This is true all the more in an environment where tourism is a global industry (with some part of the value chain in the country of origin of the tourist and the remaining in the countries that are destinations). According to Kierzkovski et al. (1996) travel is one of the products "natural fits" with interactive media, in which context the Internet may gain particular relevance. In fact, traveling is one of the most popular online activities (Kierzkovski et al., 1996; Jonkheer, 1999; Proll and Retschitzegger, 2000), with online expenditures rounding 22% by 2007 (NEWSBYTES, 2002). This aspect modifies not only the tourism business models per se, but consumers' behaviour as well. Using the Internet as a means to promote the tourism organizations reduces dramatically the costs of advertisement. Also the consumer becomes closer to information and asymmetries in accessing the information are reduced. Disintermediation is another phenomenon consequent from the use of the Internet as an information tool. This article gathers relevant applications from different studies regarding the use of the Internet as a powerful information tool both towards the organizations and the consumers.


Seven cultures of Borrelia burgdorferi differing from strains B31 and ZS7 were identified from among 99 isolates from Ixodes scapularis ticks and from white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and 1 isolate from an Ixodes dentatustick. Five of the six novel isolates fromI. scapularisand the isolate fromI. dentatuswere from ticks feeding on humans. The six isolates fromI. scapularislacked OspA and OspB, four possessed an OspD band, and two reacted with an anti-OspC monoclonal antibody. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of HindIII-digestedDNAsfromsixOspA-negativeisolatesdidnothybridizewithradiolabeledospAorLA88DNA, and only isolate 46047 hybridized with thepGgene. Fragments similar to those recorded for the standardB. burgdorferisensu stricto strains B31 and ZS7 were obtained with theflaand the HSP70 genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of DNA digested withMluI included the specificB. burgdorferisensu stricto band at 135 kbp for thefive OspA-negative isolates fromI. scapularisticks. The six novel isolates apparently lack the 55-kbp plasmid encoding OspA. The pG-containing plasmid may be missing from all but isolate 46047. The isolate from theI. dentatustick was similar to previous isolates fromI. dentatusticks feeding on rabbits. None of the isolates could be recovered from inoculated C3H/HeNCrlBR or white-footed mice. All isolates reacted with sera from humans with early or late Lyme disease. Our studies demonstrate that these borreliae occur in ticks feeding on humans, and therefore, at least some humans in the northeastern United States are likely being exposed to borreliae other than the classic B31-type strains that have thus far been isolated from humans.


There is a puzzle in the $\Lambda_c^+$ family, i.e., one member with $J^P=3/2^+$ is missing in a $L=2$ multiplet which the heavy quark effective theory predicts, and $J^P$'s of $\Lambda_c(2765)^+$ and $\Lambda_c(2940)^+$ are unknown. Using a light diquark picture to calculate baryon masses, we study possible assignments of two $\Lambda_c$'s with unknown $J^P$ and the missing $\Lambda_c^+$ with $3/2^+$ for $L=2$, and we find the most probable possibility that the peak corresponding to $\Lambda_c(2880)^+$ actually includes a missing member with spin $3/2^+$ for $L=2$ and that quantum numbers of $\Lambda_c(2765)^+$ and $\Lambda_c(2940)^+$ are $2S(1/2^+)$ and $2P(1/2^-)$, respectively.


The effects of roasting time and temperature on the roasting quality of pellet made from Jidong magnetite concentrates are studied in the paper.When the oxidizing temperature is higher than 1 000 ℃,liquid phase will be formed in the face of grain,so the pellet oxidation is incomplete.When the roasting temperature is higher than 1 275 ℃,the assimilation of gangue minerals will take place and a great amount of silicate liquid phase can be observed,resulting in low strength of the pellet.The optimal technological parameters of the pellet can be summarized as follows: the oxidizing temperature is between 900 ℃ to 950 ℃,the oxidizing time should be over 20 min;the optimal roasting temperature is between 1 250 ℃ to 1 275 ℃ and the roasting time should be over 20 minute.


A comprehensive test program was carried out to study orthogonal machining of MDF. Machining parameters that include tool materials, tool geometry, cutting speed and feed rate were studied. Cutting forces, rate of tool tip recession and finished wood surface quality were analyzed and correlated. Tool wear mechanisms were also investigated. The tests were performed on lathes for intermediate speed machining and tool wear studies. Some tests were also performed on a modified milling machine with the tool held stationary for low speed machining studies. Results correlating the cutting speed (4 m/s to 16 m/s) and feed rate (0.1 mm/rev. to 0.4 mm/rev.) with forces and tool tip recession rate for several tool materials (tungsten carbide, PCD and BZN) and rake angles (30° to 60°) are presented.


This work presents a decentralized allocation algorithm of safety-critical application on parallel computing architectures, where individual Computational Units can be affected by faults.
The described method consists in representing the architecture by an abstract graph where each node represents a Computational Unit. Applications are also represented by the graph of Computational Units they require for execution. The problem is then to decide how to allocate Computational Units to applications to guarantee execution of the safety-critical application. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem, with the form of an Integer Linear Program. A state-of-the-art solver is then used to solve the problem.
Decentralizing the allocation process is achieved through redundancy of the allocator executed on the architecture. No centralized element decides on the allocation of the entire architecture, thus improving the reliability of the system.
Experimental reproduction of a multi-core architecture is also presented. It is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed allocation process to maintain the operation of a physical system in a decentralized way while individual component fails.


"Coal conversion to oil" technology is called coal-based liquid fuel synthesis technology in state.There're two ways: direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction.The products can be used as substitute of diesel oil and gasoline.Based on the analysis of coal liquefaction techniques and researches home and abroad,the technical parameters of the conversion projects are brought forward.The impact mechanism of the projects on production,consumption and transportation structure of coal and crude oil is studied to calculate the acceptable scale under different schemes and to analyze the influences.Policy suggestions about the development of coal conversion to oil projects are put forward in the end.


: Trigger finger commonly refers to flexor tendon triggering which occurs due to pathologic changes in first annular pulley or the flexor tendons. Extensor triggering is a rare condition caused by disruption or laxity of the sagittal bands that stabilize the extensor digitorum communis tendon over the metacarpal head. Here we are reporting a rare case of a 14 year old girl who presented with four year history of acquired idiopathic extensor triggering of multiple fingers of both hands. Physiotherapy and other modalities of conservative management failed to prevent triggering, hence surgical correction by the Carroll tendon slip procedure was performed to centralize the extensor tendon. She underwent post-operative rehabilitation and three year follow up showed excellent response to the treatment.


EDITOR—I agree that, in general, you should not opt out of a job after accepting it.1 However, in some circumstances it may be unavoidable.

Because of the difficult job situation, after passing the Professional and …


Reading comprehension is one of the most important aspects of English language teaching. This paper discusses a set of restricted factors including vo cabulary, solid language foundation, reading, culture induction and cultivation of intercultural awareness. The paper also makes a slightly analysis on the tech niques for reference to improve the reading comprehension.


I have been a GP in Tower Hamlets, east London, since 1998, and have just resigned from my practice. The job I was trained to do and would like to do (to spend most of my time treating patients like the frail elderly people who need our skills the most) does not exist. Instead I, like many colleagues, find myself doing 12 hour days, half of which are spent on administrative tasks.

If I ran the NHS I would make changes to release clinicians from …


The purpose of this paper is to register a couple of novelties related to social conceptions and social metaphors in logic. As an overarching methodology, gametheoretic notions will be used. The purpose is not to try to explore how logical methods can be made to apply to actual human behaviour in everyday scientific reasoning and social contexts in science, but rather to (i) see how gametheoretically inclined factors involving sociality can be made to apply to logic, and to (ii) discuss what the nature and current status of these social metaphors in the context of logical investigations are. It is shown that issues such as consistency, team theory and bounded rationality are of increased importance in logic. The general logical framework where these notions are investigated is provided by game-theoretic semantics (GTS) and extension of classical first-order logic known as "independence-friendly" (IF) logic. Keywords— Social metaphors, IF logic, semantic games, consistency, team theory, rationality.


To minimize inhomogeneous spectral line-broadening, high spatial resolution acquisition was previously proposed for 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in combination with a high spatial resolution water reference EPSI data set, allowing local frequency shift (B 0 -shift) correction for human brain metabolite maps at 1.5 T (Ebel A et al., Magn. Reson. Imaging 21:113–120, 2003). At higher magnetic field strength, B 0 , increased field inhomogeneities typically lead to increased line-broadening. Additionally, increased susceptibility variations render shimming of the main magnetic field over the whole head more difficult. This study addresses the question whether local B 0 -shift correction still helps limit line-broadening in whole-brain 3D EPSI at higher magnetic fields. The combination of high spatial resolution acquisition and local B 0 -shift correction to limit line-broadening is evaluated at 4 T. Similar to results at 1.5 T, the approach provided a high yield of voxels with good spectral quality for 3D EPSI, resulting in improved brain coverage.


Parts of Speech tagging, is a process of marking the words in a text as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on its definition and context POS tagger plays an important role in Natural language applications like speech recognition, natural language parsing, information retrieval and extraction. This paper discusses architecture for designing a Part-Of-Speech (POS tagger for Malayalam language using Conditional Random Field (CRF). The experiments presented in this paper use an annotated corpus of 1028 sentences (11,315 words) and tagset consists of 100 tags. A trigram based tagging scheme is involved in the experiments. The proposed system is based on an empirical approach that models the human POS tagging processing more realistically than the existing systems, without compromising the efficiency and accuracy.


A cognitive radio wireless network is an emerging communication paradigm to effectively address spectrum scarcity challenge. In this paper, we investigate the performance improvement gained by applying cognitive radio to a multiple Wireless Service Providers (WSPs). We consider several independent WSPs and two types of users: primary (licensed) and secondary (unlicensed) users. We have proposed a scheme for secondary users to manage their handoff based on a threshold on the number of channels fixed by the WSP. As each WSP evolves in a random environment, we propose a game theoretic framework to find a Nash equilibrium and a stochastic learning algorithm to converge to this equilibrium. A Markov process, with continuous time and finite state space, models the system. Numerical results show the system equilibrium points and the conditions to converge to the best one of them to increase the spectrum utilization of cognitive users.


The taxonomic distribution of 'flexules', structures found in the pennaceous part of contour feathers of certain birds, was studied with light- and scanning electron microscopy. Observations by earlier workers are extended and the phylogenetic significance and functional aspects of these structures are evaluated. Aspects of homology between flexules and other barbicels, such as claw-like projections ('Krallen' = 'ungules'), tooth-like projections ('Zinkenfortsatze' = 'denticules'), and villi, are discussed. The presence of flexules is postulated as a phylogenetically old synapomorphy, defining a group of mainly aquatic birds.


Circuit arrangement for switching loads, comprising the following features: - at least two switching devices (S1, S2; SIC1, SIC2, SIC3; SIC4, SIC5, SIC6) each having at least one terminal (LA11, LA12, LA21, LA22, LA31, LA32, LA41, LA4n; LA1, LA2) for connecting depending on a load (L1, L2; L3; L4) and in each case at least one drive terminal (IN1, IN2; SI1, SI2, SI3; SI4, SI5, SI6) (AS1, AS2; AS3), wherein the switch arrangements (S1, S2 exhibit T41, T4n), the at least one terminal is connected to and (in accordance with a drive signal AS1, AS2;; SIC1, SIC2, SIC3; SIC4, SIC5, SIC6) each have at least one semiconductor switch (T1, T2; T31, T32 ; AS3) is driven; - at least two pulse width modulator arrangements (PWM1, PWM2, PWM3; PWM41, PWM4n; PWM), one of which is associated with each respective one of the switch circuits and each having an output terminal (AP1, AP2; AP3; AP) which for providing a pulse-width-modulated drive signal ( AS1, AS2; AS3; AS) for one of the switches (T1, T2; T31, ...


The increasing rate of adoption of containers and container orchestration in cloud computing and on premise arises a number of questions about their security. Kubernetes combined with Docker is by far the most frequently adopted solution for implementing containerized workloads. Kubernetes is divided on two planes the control plane and the data plane. The control plane includes the components that are required for Kubernetes to function and manage the cluster state while the data plane the components that are responsible for the actual workloads. Furthermore, Kubernetes includes several objects that are necessary for describing the cluster's desired state. In this thesis, specific attacks were conducted into a Kubernetes cluster, that can be divided into four categories. (a) Attacks on a Kubernetes engine and components. (b) Attacks on Kubernetes network layer where MITM and DNS spoofing attacks are possible under circumstances. (c) Attacks that concern the containers inside a pod and how an attacker can inject malicious code and upload it, on a container registry or a container with one or more vulnerabilities that can be exploited. (d) Finally, attacks that are bases on Infrastructure as code vulnerabilities that a malicious actor can take advantage of. Correspondingly to the attacks a number of defenses where recommended as countermeasures depending on the layer that each of the attacks can take place. For the attacks that concern the Kubernetes engine, kube-bench was recommended as a tool that detects misconfigurations and entry points that an attacker can take advantage of. In order for network layer to be protected, network policies are taking the place of a layer 3 firewall compared to a typical infrastructure in addition with the use of service meshes that are operating in layer 7. Containers inside pods can be scanned before being upload on a registry. On this thesis Clair scanner was used for his purpose. Eventually, Pod Security policies were used to block vulnerable code from being deployed.


In this paper, we present a Sketching in Hardware perspective to Interaction Design (IxD) education and practice. We start our discussion by highlighting the differences between Prototypes and Sket ...


Limited branching is considered as one of the major factors limiting oil-bearing seed yield in Jatropha curcas L. Seeking for promoting branches, Lateral shoot-Inducing Factor (LIF) was going to be transferred into the J. curcas genome. For this transgenic approach to be successful, we developed a stable and efficient transformation protocol using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 for young leaf explants of J. curcas. Parameters optimized were bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, co-cultivation period, immersion time and concentration of cefotaxime and kanamycin. Transformation with LIF gene was achieved subsequently. PCR amplification confirmed that the transformation efficiency was 23.91±5.78%. Southern blot hybridization was performed to reveal that single and multiple copy events and further confirm that LIF was stably integrated into the J. curcas genome. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers


According to the needs of network security,platform security and application security in information warfare,after analyzing the key functions of security infrastructure for military grid,the infrastructure component,architecture,key technologies,and deployment pattern in practice are put forward,which can support the development of systematic,low-delay and resilient security infrastructure with the characteristics of active defense,adaptive response,dynamic protection etc.in the future.


In Peru, it is still said that the teachers are the main guilt of educational disaster. Therefore, periodically evaluate them to raise their salaries and increase working hours in the classroom; «to teach more to their students,» is the best to resolve such a disaster. This wrong assertion does not know that the teacher is only part of the educational problem and not the whole problem because in education there are diverse factors that determine success or failure, so for example: food and health of the learner; family disorganization; the scandalous economic, social and cultural inequality; the precarious infrastructure and equipment of educational institutions and exclusion as well as the challenges that they must face in the future, such as climate change, pollution, poverty, etc. The existence of a large sector of poorly trained teachers, as well as other sector of teachers without vocation, unmotivated and with low self-esteem; the disastrous results obtained by teachers in the census evaluations; the last places in math and reading comprehension of students in the PISA test, all this shows the precarious initial formation and the service offered by the State to teachers, as well as its indifference to provide them with educational institutions in favorable conditions for work. Face to this situation, the author presents a proposal called training program for high school teachers in service.


The writing of the self is a recurring theme in current literature and literary criticism. Autobiographical texts discuss and make us discuss, on the one hand the way memory works and on the other hand, how this subjective speech is transformed into an aesthetical one, among other aspects of first person literary writing. Here, a visit to the distant childhood of two writers who used French as a literary language is proposed. They recall at an advanced age the children they were in Paris a century ago. Nathalie Sarraute and Jean-Paul Sartre recreated the children they were in Enfance and Les mots, autobiographies of their childhoods, published "compte rendu" at 59 years of age for Sartre (1964) and 83 for Nathalie Sarraute (1984). These texts can be read as testimony of a desire to understand the indications in childhood of what they would become as adults - writers. In the telling of their worlds, distant in time, they find and reinvent themselves, as well as language, words and the use of words.


Review : In their paper "Ramanujan's theories of elliptic functions to alternative bases'' [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 347 (1995), no. 11, 4163–4244; MR1311903 (97h:33034)], B. C. Berndt, the first author of the paper under review, and F. G. Garvan developed transformation formulae for relating hypergeometric functions of signatures 3, 4, and 6 and used them to establish Ramanujan's modular equations in the alternative theories from the corresponding ones in the classical theory given in Chapters 19 and 20 in [S. Ramanujan, Notebooks. Vols. 1, 2, Tata Inst. Fund. Res., Bombay, 1957; MR0099904 (20 #6340)].
 In the paper under review, the authors obtain new modular equations in the theory of signature 4 by exactly the same method for modular equations of composite degrees given in Chapter 20 in the Notebooks. Then they employ their modular equations to obtain P-Q eta-function identities with four moduli. One of the identities is given as follows:
PQ+1PQ=(PQ)3+(QP)3+4(PQ+QP),
where
P=q1/2∏n=1∞(1−qn)(1−q21n)(1−q3n)(1−q7n) and Q=q ∏n=1∞(1−q2n)(1−q42n)(1−q6n)(1−q14n).

 Several P-Q identities were previously obtained from modular equations in the theory of signature 4


Test data compression has become increasingly popular for distributing test complexity between automatic test equipment and on-chip structures. We provide a general formulation for the code-based test compression problem with fixed-length input blocks and propose a solution approach based on evolutionary algorithms. In contrast to existing code-based methods, we allow unspecified values in matching vectors, which allows encoding of arbitrary test sets using a relatively small number of codewords. Experimental results for both stuck-at and path delay fault test sets for ISCAS circuits demonstrate an improvement compared to existing techniques.


K 0.55 / . 1640 / 3 . : . Processing Lightweight Aggregate to produce Lightweight Concrete Dr.Nadia Salim Esmaeil Daad Mohamed Daood Ass. Prof. /Civil Department Ass. Prof. /Civil Department Abstract The modern techniques development used in the production of concrete led to the emergence of types of concrete with different densities compared to normal concrete . This research aimed manufacturing types of lightweight aggregate (coarse and fine) and then the production of lightweight concrete blocks with a good thermal insulation , by using available locally materials . Two types of lightweight aggregate , have been produced by using two methods of manufacturing , first type , where AL-Hadbaa aggregate , produced from Clay , which is on the edge of the Tigris river in Mosul , using 50% Clay and 50% silt , the density obtained about 860 Kg/m . The second AL-Rabean aggregate , was the adoption of natural laminated Clay which is located in Nineveh province , in very large quantities , it's mineralization is Montmurlite and kaolinite , density obtained was 750 Kg/m , this type did not produce in Iraq and which it's manufactured method simple and economic . The standard tests have been made and were adopted in the production of concrete blocks , lightweight concrete block produced from ALHadbaa aggregate , used in bearing walls , have 28 – day compressive strength 15.33 N/mm and density about 1770 Kg/m . The AL-Rabeaan aggregate used to product concrete block for the purposes of thermal insulation , it's thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.55 W/m.kcal and have a density 1640 Kg/m .


The task of flying a multipilot transport aircraft is a classic small-group performance situation where a number of social, organizational, and personality factors are relevant to important outcome variables such as safety. The aviation community is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of these factors but is hampered in its efforts to improve the system because of research psychology's problems in defining the nature of the group process. This article identifies some of the problem areas as well as methods used to address these issues. It is argued that high fidelity flight simulators provide an environment that offers unique opportunities for work meeting both basic and applied research criteria.


This article is a humorous attempt to chronicle the progress of a fictitious course — in this case an assessment course, but many of the gaffes which we record are common to all kinds of courses and conferences. We have tried to include as many as possible of the avoidable errors which can be committed; we have footnoted some of the more obvious and common errors. The reader may find some that have slipped our net. As a rough distinction, there are four kinds of error illustrated here: administrative errors, errors in planning and design, errors arising from lack of interpersonal skills, and misalignments in the organisational climate. Some conference or course designs may be more robust than others in the degree to which they are affected aby these different kinds of error; an assessment course is probably more susceptible than most to most of them — which is why we chose it. The account is of course purely fictitious. We rather hope that this article will help to ensure that it stays that way. Any resem...


Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieve optimum utilization of available land resources for sustainable agricultural management. One of the most important agriculture related issues in the state of Assam is to improve the agricultural output with an efficient use of available land resources. Agriculture is the prime economic activity for most of the people of Assam but the overall production figures for different agricultural crops are stand at a notably lower level compare to the national average. Due to such a kind of production shortage Assam can't not meet the need of its rapidly growing population mass. The aim of the present study is to assess the physical land suitability level for seasonal summer paddy crop using a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with the help of geospatial tool. Parameters relevant to Physiography, Climatic condition and Soil types were analyzed and put weightage values in MCE process. Landuse/Land cover scenario was also prepared to analyze the existing nature of crop distribution which played a very Kalyanjit Sarmah, C.R. Deka, Rashmi KonwarLand Suitability Analysis for Identification of Summer Paddy cultivation Sites Based on Multi Criteria Evaluation through GIS EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 10 / January 2015 13585 important role in demarcating potential summer paddy growing sites in Kamrup district. According to the landuse/land cover analysis of the year 2013, summer paddy was cultivated in 356.58 sq.km of land out of the 4088.86 sq.km of total area. Suitability map for summer paddy rice was ultimately prepared with the help of spatial analysis operation in GIS environment. Analysis shows that the summer paddy growing sites are mostly concentrated in the Rangia and Boko agricultural sub-division and in certain river adjacent fertile tracts of Brahmaputra river.


Robust Reduction A major challenge in the design of artificial photosynthesis catalysts has been their instability under the reaction conditions—a problem that plants and other autotrophs address by perpetually reproducing their biochemical machinery. Han et al. (p. 1321, published online 8 November) now demonstrate a system for photoreductive hydrogen generation in water that manifests undiminished activity for weeks at a time. Semiconductor nanoparticles for light absorption were combined with a soluble nickel complex for the catalytic chemistry. The system currently requires a sacrificial electron donor, but its robustness shows promise for future pairing with an integrated oxidation catalyst. A photoreduction system combining nanoparticulate light absorbers with a soluble molecular catalyst proves stable for weeks. Homogeneous systems for light-driven reduction of protons to H2 typically suffer from short lifetimes because of decomposition of the light-absorbing molecule. We report a robust and highly active system for solar hydrogen generation in water that uses CdSe nanocrystals capped with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as the light absorber and a soluble Ni2+-DHLA catalyst for proton reduction with ascorbic acid as an electron donor at pH = 4.5, which gives >600,000 turnovers. Under appropriate conditions, the precious-metal–free system has undiminished activity for at least 360 hours under illumination at 520 nanometers and achieves quantum yields in water of over 36%.


The authors present two complementary ways to deal with soft-ware aging. Their approach pro-actively reinitializes software to a known operating state, before failure occurs, or reactively reconfigures soft-ware after a failure such that service remains operational.


This study examined the long-term changes in tongue and pharyngeal airway morphology of a 7-year-old girl. She had a severe vertical jaw deformity with a 17-mm anterior open bite due to macroglossia. She had already undergone surgical reduction glossectomy two times prior to the initial consultation in our clinic. Tooth extraction and orthognathic surgery were avoided to maintain sufficient oral cavity volume for the large tongue. After 3-year multi-bracket system (MBS) treatment, the malocclusion and masticatory dysfunction were corrected appropriately. Moreover, cephalometric evaluation during the orthodontic treatment showed no morphological disharmony of the tongue and pharyngeal airway. However, the tongue position displaced backward due to the correction of the open bite. In this patient, sleep-disorder breathing as a result of the reduction in size of the pharyngeal airway might occur in the future. Therefore, long-term follow-up observation is required for preventing morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway and relapse due to macroglossia.


The major setback faced by any of the production industry was maintaining the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of parts manufactured. Higher productivity is expected from industrial point of view, but resulting in poor surface texture. This work aims at addressing this problem by developing a suitable damping system for increased production with high precision products. In conventional method, dampers used is assembled of many parts, whereas the innovation in this paper is that the damper structure is monolithic in nature. Hence, manufacture time and cost of new innovative compliant damper is reduced. The work addressed the problem of damping by the use of compliant mechanism developed through building blocks of planar compliant mechanisms synthesis. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out in deciding the final form of the damping system. The proposed design was created by following fused deposition modelling (FDM 3D printing technique) using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. Based on the results obtained from the experiments, the damping system has an impact on the surface quality of the product. The cutting force produced between the cutting edge and work surface could be improved by providing continuous contact (i.e., higher tool stability). The tool stability could be improved by using the compliant damping design and 3D printing technology for developing the complex designs into real products. The major limitation of the proposed work is the complexity in analysing compliant models with all the boundary conditions prevailing in the real time environment. The major influencing boundary conditions could be applied in neglecting insignificant factors. This work is a novel approach for developing a compliant mechanism-based damper that could restrict the effects of chatter in machining operation. The building blocks-based design was produced using 3D printing of the ABS material. Turning of aluminium was analysed for surface improvement by the tool stability improvement. Results revealed the impact of the ABS compliant damper. On an average, surface roughness of the products was reduced by 27.61%.


Cancer mortality is on the decline in the U.S. (Jemal, Siegel, Xu, & Ward, 2010), but like so many other health conditions this is not enjoyed by all Americans. Among the most underserved are Pacific Islanders (PIs), who in 2000 numbered 874,414 (alone or in combination with one or more other races). California is second only to Hawai'i in the number of PIs, with half of the state's 221,458 PIs living in Southern California (APALC, 2005). Pacific Islanders (PIs) represent a wide diversity of ethnic populations, with over 19 census defined groups that each have their own culture, language, traditions, world and health perspectives, and political and migration history. Some of these PI populations have close ties to the U.S. territories and jurisdictions in the Pacific, including American Samoa, Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Commonwealth Nations of the Mariana Islands. Other groups such as Tongans, have migrated from their small island nations in search of higher earnings to support families back home (Small, 1997). Despite their differences in nationalities, PIs generally face high socioeconomic barriers to health and other care (US Census Bureau, 2004). For instance, educational attainment is low: 14-40% of PIs have less than a high school degree compared to the California average of only 10% (APALC, 2005). While only 8% of Californians were at or below the poverty line, this was true for 10-20% of PIs. Compared to nearly all other ethnic groups, PIs suffer from higher prevalence of the leading health disparity indicators, including cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, infant mortality, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and asthma (CDC, 2002). PIs face critical cancer health disparity needs and barriers to care. With regards to cancer prevention, Native Hawaiians, American Samoans, Chuukese and Palauans have been found to have rates of tobacco use between 4258% among men, and between 11-67% among women (Lew & Tanjasiri, 2003). A 2004 study for the California Departments of Justice and Education found that among 12th graders, heaviest daily smoking was observed for Hawaiians (35%) and Samoans (30%), compared with 19% Koreans, 16% Filipinos, 12% Japanese, and 5% Chinese youth (Austin & Chorpita, 2004). Similarly, a 2003 study found PI 9th graders in California have the highest smoking rate (19.7%) compared to whites (16.3%). Obesity has also been implicated as a causal factor in the onset of cancer (including breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, and kidney cancers), and rates of obesity are high in PI populations (Shabbir, Kwan, Wang, Shih, & Simon, 2010). A 2008 needs assessment of PI young adults in Southern California found that 76% of Samoans and 84% of Tongans were overweight (defined as greater than 85th percentile), and levels of nutritional intake and physical activity identified many areas of need.


PURPOSE: To improve the contrast ratio of a non-radioactive flat panel display by preparing simple and compratively inexpensive means for interrupting the transmission of light through space between pixels. CONSTITUTION: Mask elements 24 are formed so as to be overlapped to spaces between pixels 12, 12B and mask elements 26 are formed so as to be overlapped to spaces between pixles 12, 12A to interrupt the transmission of light through spaces 20, 22 between the pixels 12. Small spaces on the corners of each pixel 12 which are not interrupted by the mask elements 24, 26 are not comparatively important. The mask elements 24, 26 improve the whole contrast ratio of a typical liquid crystal display panel to a ratio more than 30:1 which is about 3 to 4 times the contrast ratio of a case using none of the mask elements 24, 26. The elements 24 are applied to one substrate 30 on positions just above the spaces 20 between electrodes 36 on the other substrate 32. The mask elements 26 are applied to the substrate 32 on positions just under the spaces 22 between the electrodes 34 on the substrate 30. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC)s is of great interest in industrial and environmental applications due to the severe impact of VOCs on human health and the environment, including climate change and ozone layer depletion. This study investigates the implementation of a Ti3C2Tx MXene as radiating and sensing element to develop a VOC and humidity sensing antenna. The performance of the sensor is validated by introducing various VOCs, including acetone, ethanol, IPA, and methanol, in an isolated custom‐made chamber while the antenna sensor is communicating with a distanced receiver antenna. Measured results confirm that the exposure of the MXene antenna sensor to VOCs causes an upshift in the operating frequency of the antenna sensor. The study successfully demonstrates the potential of the proposed Ti3C2Tx MXene antenna sensor in detecting acetone concentrations ranging from 8 to 80 parts per thousand (ppt). In addition, the sensor detects different humidity concentrations ranging between 77.8 ± 2% to 94 ± 1%, where for 94 ± 1% of humidity, a 213.1 MHz of frequency shift is observed. As a proof of concept, the developed MXene antenna sensor shows a promising potential for wireless gas and humidity sensing applications in the environmental and industrial sectors.


Summary Because of anthropogenic activities, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has increased on some high elevation ecosystems in North America. On Elk Mountain in SE Wyoming, USA, we found that ice, formed by the impaction of supercooled cloud droplets, contains nitrogen levels (NH 4 + = 58 ± 47 μmole/1, NO 3 − = 52 ± 40 μmole/1) significantly higher than snow (NH 4 + = 7 ±5 μmole/1, NO 3 − = 14 ± 7 μmole/1). At this site the impaction process (riming) occurs on krummholz and is an important mechanism of water and nutrient deposition. We sampled nematodes in alpine soil for two seasons under this rime ice deposition and in adjacent meadow and krummholz soil with only snow deposition. No significant difference was found in nematode density and trophic composition between snow and rime ice deposition zones in krummholz; and nematode densities were significantly higher in meadow soil than in the krummholz rhizosphere. Densities of active nematodes were highest immediately after snow melt and a positive correlation was found between nematode density and percent soil moisture. With subsequent soil drying, nematodes gradually entered anhydrobiosis and this process began earlier in the exposed meadow than under the krummholz canopy. In a subsequent microcosm experiment we exposed nematodes in two alpine soils to four different nitrogen treatments [ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) at 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg N/ha/yr] and two temperatures (5 and 25°C). None of the three variables had a significant effect on nematode density. But at the first sampling (1 month) the interaction between soil type and nitrogen level was significant, and at the second and final sampling (6 months) the interaction between soil type and temperature was significant. Nematode response to increasing nitrogen deposition rates varied in a complex way with soil type and temperature. Under the microcosm conditions, nematode community composition shifted to opportunistic rhabditid species. Our work indicates that higher levels of nitrogen deposition (>80 kg N/ha/yr) were necessary to produce detectable effects on nematode density in this alpine region.


THE CONCEPT OF "CONVERSION"-long important in theology and the sociology of religion and recently a suggestive and disturbing metaphor in the philosophy and history of science (Kuhn 1962:151)can be adapted to a broadly conceived theory of knowledge without giving up its religious connotations. Such a conception is necessary to deal with the problem of how global thinking-the general validity of knowledge, the universality of norms and a more than merely local solidarity with fellow humans and with nature-is possible in a radically pluralistic world and a postmodern context. The occasion for this argument is the current discussion between French postmodern thinkers (especially Lyotard and Derrida) and their German modernist opponents (especially Apel and Habermas).' This article proposes a middle way between the radical pluralism, skepticism, and relativism of deconstructionist programs and the equally radical claim of Apel and Habermas that speech acts are meaningful only to the extent that they are construed as arguments made within a virtually universal community of discourse.2


The complete genome sequences of 11 Drosophila species provide an opportunity to investigate the gene family evolution in closely related species. Drosophila Piwi subfamily, including three members, piwi, Aub and Ago3, has attracted increasing attention as it participates in the biogenesis of piRNA. Here, we identified 33 Piwi homologs from the genome of 11 Drosophila species. The full‐length cDNA sequences of piwi and Aub genes were obtained by using New GENSCAN Web Server. The Ago3 homologs were difficult regarding full‐length information because they had long introns. The genomic structure of Piwi subfamily genes are highly conserved among diverse Drosophila species. Insect piwi and Aub genes have long first introns. The average length of the first intron is 1 284 bp for piwi and 840 bp for Aub, which is much larger than those of other introns (93 bp for Piwi and 54 bp for Aub). However, this phenomenon is not observed in mammalian piwi genes. We also found that there were abundant repeat sequences in both exons and introns of insect Ago3 genes. Due to recent insertions of long terminal repeat elements in four Drosophila species, part of the third introns exhibit higher conservation than adjacent exons and other introns. An evolutional tree created by Minimum Evolution method indicates that mammalian piwi genes are more closely related to the insect Ago3 Piwi subfamily.


There will be more than the usual stalls on offer at Ripon market next Thursday (26 May) with a day's free entertainment on offer to mark the national ...


Object-oriented databases have brought major improvements in data modeling by introducing notions such as inheritance or methods. Extensions in many directions are now considered with introductions of many concepts such as versions, views or roles. These features bring the risk of creating monster data models with a number of incompatible appendixes. We do not propose here any new extension or any novel concept. We show more modestly that many of these features can be formally and (we believe) cleanly combined in a coherent manner


The action of the tetra-ethylammonium ion on the circulatory system was described by Burn and Dale (1914) as a paralysing action on sympathetic ganglia resembling that of nicotine; the same type of action was observed in a series of triethylalkylammonium salts by Hunt (1925--6). The action of tetra-ethyl-ammonium bromide on the circulatory system as well as on the sympathetic ganglion has recently been analysed by Acheson et al. (1946). They concluded that the predominant effect of the tetra-ethylammonium ion was a block of transmission across autonomic ganglia and that this was sufficient to explain the vaso-depressor effect. H. R. Ing suggested it investigating the effect on ganglionic transmission of bis-triethylammonium salts of the general formula where X is the anion; such salts might be expected to have a blocking action on transmission in virtue of the triethylammonium groups and their potency might be expected to vary with the length of the polymethylene chain.


Cellulose and xylan were found to be the major polysaccharide constituents in abaca fiber. Both hemicelluloses I and II were enriched in xylose, together with arabinose and glucose as the other major sugar constituents. These data implied that hemicelluloses I and II are probably composed of arabinoxylan, glucoxylan, and/or xylan, which corresponded with the studies by FT-IR spectroscopy. Arabinose and galactose were higher in all fractions of hemicelluloses I than in those of hemicelluloses II, whereas xylose and mannose were higher in all fractions of hemicelluloses II than in those of hemicelluloses I, suggesting that the dilute alkali pretreatments mainly solubilize the more branched hemicelluloses. The results obtained also suggested that dilute alkali pretreatments favored removal of small molecular chains of hemicelluloses I (M w = 75 000-130 000) as compared to the hemicelluloses II, which had a higher degree of polymerization with molecular average weights between 123 000 and 227 000. Further studies showed that lignins, rich in syringyl units, are tightly associated with hemicelluloses in abaca fiber cell walls.


This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science on 1 March 2017, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/21640599.2017.1293898.


We introduce a secure architecture called an attested meter/or advanced metering that supports large-scale deployments, flexible configurations, and enhanced protection for consumer privacy and metering integrity. Our study starts with a threat analysis for advanced metering networks and formulates protection requirements for those threats. The attested meter satisfies these through a unified set of system interfaces based on virtual machines and attestation for the software agents of various parties that use the meter. We argue that this combination provides a well-adapted architecture for advanced metering and we take a step towards demonstrating its feasibility with a prototype implementation based on the trusted platform module (TPM) and Xen virtual machine monitor (VMM). This is the first effort to use virtual machines and attestation in an advanced meter