Gordon Joseph Culham (1891–1979), a landscape architect and town planner, was instrumental in the professionalization of both his disciplines in Canada. He helped lead the disorganized practitioners of the 1930s into the modern age and enabled them to assume their professional role in the improvement of Canada's urban centres. The discovery of an archive of Culham's papers provides a previously unavailable insight into the conceptualization and creation of the professions of landscape architecture and town planning in Canada. Culham characterized this as leading a 'useful life'. He prepared, practiced and enjoyed the power associated with the professions he helped found in leading this useful life. He was a Harvard graduate who worked with the greatest landscape architectural firm in America, the Olmsteds and with the premier British town planner, Thomas Adams. Culham returned to his homeland on the eve of the Depression with an unrivalled reputation. He brought with him a strong sense of professionalism and helped elevate a small, dispirited community of Canadian landscape architects and town planners into one united organization for almost two decades. Professional specialization was an inevitable outcome but Culham continued to bridge the divide between his chosen fields throughout his 'useful life'.


A novel robust PI (proportional and integral) controller including differential action is devised. The algorithm is derived on the basis of variable structure system theories. The controller stability is examined by using the Lyapunov stability theory. A simple fuzzy expert system which is a real-time CAD (computer-aided design) system is introduced. Initial controller parameters are interactively determined by using the fuzzy CAD. The proposed CAD is much simpler due to the introduction of the robust variable structure PI(D) controller rather than a conventional CAD for a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller, since it is not required to make much effort in parameter identifications.<<ETX>>


Exposure assessment is an integral part of industrial hygiene and occupational health. To ensure the health and safety of workers, integrated industrial hygiene methodologies often include biological monitoring strategies. Exhaled breath is an ideal matrix for measuring volatile biomarkers, particularly since the non-invasive collection of breath may improve volunteer participation. A real-time, field-portable system was developed to analyze undiluted exhaled air from experimental animals and humans. The system combines (1) an ion-trap mass spectrometer capable of atmospheric sampling; (2) a breath interface for continual analysis of the exhaled breath stream; (3) chemical dosimeters that are analyzed in the field/workplace; and (4) physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to estimate total exposure and internal target tissue dosimetry. The intent of this development was to provide new instrumentation to evaluate volatile chemical exposures as part of a daily monitoring pro gram. For example, the system was designed to monitor a worker every time they enter and leave a work environment - a vast improvement over current 8-hr integrated monitoring strategies. To evaluate the system in actual work environments, field tests were conducted using volunteers providing exhaled breath samples before and after each specific job task. In these field studies, several volunteers had post-taskmore » breath levels higher than pre-task levels. Compared to the breath analysis findings, chemical dosimeters underpredicted exposures, particularly for longer sampling intervals where the volume of air sampled may have diluted exposures. The results of these field studies illustrate the utility of monitoring workers for exposures at numerous times throughout the day, particularly when job-specific tasks may indicate a potential for exposure.« less


Preface Definitions Science Fiction and the Ancient Novel Interlude: AD400 - AD1600 Seventeenth-Century Science Fiction Eighteenth-Century Science Fiction Early Nineteenth-Century Science Fiction Science Fiction 1850 - 1900 Jules Verne and H.G. Wells The Early Twentieth-Century: High Modernist Science Fiction Golden Age Science Fiction: 1940-1960 The Impact of New Wave Science Fiction: 1960s - 1970s Science Fiction Screen Media 1960s - 2000: Hollywood Cinema and TV Prose Science Fiction: 1970s - 1990s Late Twentieth Century SF: Multimedia, Visual Science Fiction and Others Postscript: Twenty-First-Century Science Fiction Chronology of Key Titles in Science Fiction and Developments in Science Notes Further Reading Index


In space electronics, normally articles focus on power systems architectures, their specific technical solutions, functions and performances. In very few cases, specialist's address integration and verification aspects of the Power System in relation with the electrical ground support equipment, which, also, shall support the integration tests and verification program of the satellite and, eventually, the launch campaign. The present paper addresses this topic and tries to summarize the relevant issues expected from Power system integration and verification point of view.


A 60-year-old man underwent attempted cardiac resynchronization with defibrillator therapy utilizing a left-sided approach. A persistent left-sided superior vena cava (SVC) was identified and a dual-coil defibrillator lead (Sprint Fidelis; Medtronic) and atrial lead were deployed via this route ( Figure 1A ). No left ventricular (LV) branches of …


Modelling of multi-scale fracture and fault networks is highly uncertain, relying typically on a range of parameters (size, shape, flow properties, connectivity, spacing, orientation) with individually large or sometimes unknown ranges which are very difficult to quantify. Analog data can be used, but resulting models are often unsuitable for well placement or detailed production monitoring in fields under development. Borehole image data are critical in the static (geological) description of the fracture network, but in the absence of dynamic information (e.g. mud losses while drilling, PLT, production, long-term well test) the relative contribution of fractures and fracture networks is speculative. This study highlights the challenges of building a hierarchical description of fractures and connected conduits in a sour gas reservoir which has not started production. In addition, constraining dynamic behaviour is hampered by extreme operational limitations (only short duration well tests and production logging is not feasible). This case study describes a workflow for characterising fault / fracture networks in the pronounced mechanically layered Arab Formation (Late Jurassic) reservoirs of onshore UAE.


The agglomeration problem of nano particles is greatly interested since the nano particles have the inhomogeneous distribution or lose their intrinsic properties due to the agglomeration1). Although the techniques of dispersing agglomeration of nano particles have been frequently reported, there are quite a few limitations for practical use2). Generally, a particle size distribution depending on the dispersion exists even in the dispersed suspension. Ultrasonic atomizing effect can be considered as one method that separates to one only under certain size in suspension including the nano particles of various sizes or its agglomeration. It is known that ultrasonic atomization is generated by amplitude divergence of capillary waves formed by ultrasound on the boundary surface in liquid. At this point, the scattered droplets' diameters are controlled to the range less than several μm3). Furthermore, the diameter of the scattering droplets can be determined by surface tension of the suspension. When the nano particle suspension is atomized, the particles in the droplets can be restricted to less than certain size by the surface tension of suspension. In this study, a recollection method for only particles below a certain size by using ultrasonic atomization is suggested. Alumina(Al2O3) nano particles are separately recollected from the suspension with an ultrasonic atomizer, and particle distribution is observed to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested method.


Literary, through its many forms, is found as a mirror of life, since it contains values and wisdoms of time and place where it is produced. Qashidah (Arabic poetry) of Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulmâ as a kind of  literary works can be considered as representation of so many other works uncovering pre-Islamic Arabic wisdom. Through literary critique, this article highlights intrinsic elements of qashidah "A-Min Ummi Aufâ" of Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulmâ. Under the theme of hikmah (wisdom) contained in this qashidah , ideas are dominant elements. The ideas expressed by Zuhayr deserved admiration of biggest critic of Prophet Contemporaries period, Umar ibn Khattab. Moral messages implied and expressed through its beautiful Ianguage style and high level of imagination; become one of other reasons why this qashidah still get attention hitherto.


This chapter investigates the attitudes of the population towards the Spirit. It addresses the following questions: what are the attitudes of church members toward the Spirit, and what is the social location of these attitudes. It first examines the theoretical structure of the Spirit, and then presents the result of the analysis of the data based on the empirical investigation. Lastly, the chapter discusses the social location of these attitudes among the respondents. Recent trends in theology show two diverse forms of emphasizing the prior place of the indwelling and abiding of the Holy Spirit. One stresses the indwelling of the Spirit in the individual, while the other underscores the indwelling of the Spirit in the society. The chapter describes these two representatives of the Spirit: the individual-related Spirit, and the society-related Spirit, through six conceptual models.Keywords: contemporary theology; Holy Spirit; individual-related Spirit; society-related Spirit


The Professional Science Masters (PSM) degree has become very popular around the United States for working scientists seeking both additional specialization training in their field and a foundation in business and management to enable them to move into supervisory and leadership positions. Engineering Management has participated with the science and mathematics departments at UMR to create a PSM degree in which Engineering Management courses provide a portion of the foundation courses in management. The development and structure of this new degree at UMR is discussed along with the role Engineering Management has played in its creation.


: Recent advancements in multimedia technologies, such as LED integrations, advanced acoustics, and virtual reality applications, are revolutionizing stage design, underscoring an era of sophisticated technological implementation. This study, delving into prominent productions like the Han Show in Wuhan and The House of Dancing Water in Macau, critically examines the infusion of multimedia elements and their transformative effect on the overall aesthetic and sensory immersion of water-based performances. The findings reveal a dual impact: an operational advantage characterized by cost-effective design solutions and a pronounced enhancement in creating a dynamic stage tableau. These performances blur the boundaries between reality and fantasy by synthesizing audio, visual, and kinetic components, offering the audience an unparalleled experiential journey. Such advancements in theater stagecraft mirror the broader, burgeoning trend of multidimensional cultural tourism and the evolution of performing arts paradigms.


after each feed, wsith increasilng constipation, had been noticed for 7 days previous to admissioln and had le(I to w-eaning anid the usual rapid successioni of proprietary foods. For 3 days constipation had been absolute. On admission she was moderately well-nourished, and examination revealed marked visible ,gastric peristalsis and a definite tumour in the region of the pyloruis. A water feed was forcibly ejected to a coinsiderable distaince. There was no other physical abnormality. It w'as specifically noted that the heart was normal in size aInd positioIn. anld the sounds clear. The turgor of the skin over the abdomeni being poor, 125 c.cm. of combined solution' were administered subcutaneously; this was quickly absorbed, with improvement in her general condition.


Historians don't generally have much to do with the Big History Business of this country. Perhaps we should. Americans soak up documentaries, love to watch "historical" films, and have an authentic desire to understand more of our country's history. Sales of nobly elevating national histories are astonishing, or so it seems to those of us who write for the academic market. I am frustrated by what passes for history in much of our popular culture. My mother got so fed up with the History Channel's fascination with the Third Reich that she declared "No Nazis at Night" a household rule. Yet at the same time, I am inspired by the desire to learn more and see more and understand more about the past that I witness in bookstores, at megaplexes, and in my friends' living rooms. Those of us who think about liistory for a living, who teach and write about it for students and scholars, can do a better job connecting with this deeply-rooted historical passion. (Please, let us not leave it to Martin Scorsese, who would have us believe that the United States Navy responded to the draft riots of the Civil War by shelling lower Manhattan.) Furthermore, we can make these connections without sacrificing our hard-won insights into plural perspectives, multiple causality, and general complication in the worlds of the past.1Luckily, environmental history offers excellent ways to write good history that engages public interest. The landscape, terrain, and human ecology of the American western states provide abundant material for work that will challenge, inform, and involve our neighbors as well as each other.The American West has some colossally Big Stuff: big deserts, big mountains, big dams, big plains, big waves, big dust storms, big mansions. There's an epic quality to much of the weather and topography west of the Mississippi. Subtle detail can be crucial for historical insight, but largeness of scale can also be tremendously exciting. Big Stuff has innate drama, and much of it has inherently narrative qualities. Big Stuff also yields great visuals. Dramatic narrative and images capture people's imaginations and fire their curiosity. I think if we-that is, people who would use their hard-earned time to read an article like this-include more drama, narrative, and imagery in our work, we will end up writing stronger histories that advance our fields and also engage our fellow citizens.I see four main themes through which western environmental history can help us do this. For the sake of alliteration (the kind of popular technique that works even if professional historians think it's kind of cheesy), I'm calling these Disease, Disaster, Desiccation, and Dystopia. In the coming years, I'd like to read more about each of these. Here's what I mean.Start with disease. Bad bugs make good copy. Everyone likes reading about disease-the more loathsome, the better. This is why Richard Preston in his "Trilogy of Dark Biology" can move back and forth between historical journalism and fiction without losing any of his audience: his prose terrifies us, it fascinates us, and it makes us feel informed about our present-day world. Moreover, Elizabeth Fenn's recent Pox Americana demonstrates that excellent (and much-better-documented) history can get immense air-time in our popular culture when it is about something that we all fear, like smallpox. Disease and sickness have massive gross-out appeal. This paradox makes horror movies sell, and 1 think it can also expand the sales and readership of histories that embrace the sometimes unpleasant realities of the human form.2The search for health in various places reveals the complicated history of regional identity in this country. Emigrants to the West struggled to avoid "sickly" places and claim "healthy" ones. Yet as successive regions became denned as healthy with respect to illnesses like malaria or tuberculosis, the "healthful West" moved along at quite a good clip. In turn, health concerns influenced how generations of Americans shaped and engineered* their Wests. …


Objective:To analyze the manifestations of breast cancers without obvious mass and calcification in order to raise awareness as well as to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis for this disorder.Methods:21 patients with breast cancer,who exhibited no obvious mass and calcification on CR mammography and were confirmed by surgery and pathology,were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Lesions were located on the right side in 12 cases and left in 9 cases.There were 11 cases presenting with limitations of structural disorder,8 cases with the increase in non-symmetry density,and 2 cases with astral sign.In all,5 cases were positively diagnosed,7 cases were suspected,7 cases were misdiagnosed,and 2 cases were missed diagnosis.The rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis was 42.8%.Conclusion:Breast cancer without obvious mass and calcification is mainly presented with structural disorder,increase in non-symmetry density,and astral sign.In the diagnosis of such a kind of atypical breast cancer,much more attention should be paid to clinical palpation.Radiography on bilateral breast should be compared to observe the indirect signs and combined with ultrasound,biopsy,and other checks so as to improve the diagnostic rate.


Cantaloupe seeds were treated with different consistency 2,4-D and observed the germination rate of seeds and root growth.The results showed that germination rate of cantaloupe seeds was increased among 10~(-4)~10~(-2)g/L consistency of 2,4-D,while germination rate was restrained when the consistency higher than 10~(-2)g/L;the growth of lateral root and width of root was promoted under 10~(-4)~10~(-3)g/L,while root weight was advanced under the 10~(-3)g/L consistency.


According to the theory of heat conduction in a semi-infinite body, temperature changes at the surface propagate into the subsurface with the amplitude attenuation and time delay that increase with depth. Temperature changes on the earth's surface, reflecting the past climatic history, can thus be evaluated by analysing the curvature they have caused in the present temperature-depth distribution. As a rule, temperature profiles to depths of 200–300 m record surface temperature trends accurately over the last two centuries or so; deeper holes may reveal climate history farther back but with decreasing resolution.

We present several synthetic temperature-depth profiles to demonstrate the expected signature of past surface temperature changes in the subsurface, the analysis of which may help better identify the climate of the past. Examples of extracted climate recollections from holes in North America and Europe are discussed. While inconspicuous underground records may correspond to the postglacial warming 8–11 kyr ago, reasonably well-documented borehole logging data have confirmed climate excursions in the past millenium, namely the Little Climate Optimum and the Little Ice Age. Traces of recent warming are generally common in many temperature records, evidencing the temperature rise by 1–2 K over the past 100 years.


The influence of front contacts deep into the emitter region on the performance of a Si solar cell was calculated on the basis of a 2-D numerical modeling of an n+-p crystalline silicon solar cell. The emitter is n-type doped with a Gaussian profile. The base is p-type uniformly doped. The carrier flow pattern in the solar cell was analyzed by solving the diffusion equations using appropriate boundary conditions. The numerical model was developed in COMSOL by solving the Poisson equation; the current density equation and the continuity equation in both the regions. The numerical model was verified with the PC1D model by covering the whole front emitter surface with a transparent contact. The model after verification was used to determine the effects of the size and depth of the front contacts in the emitter region on the short circuit current and open circuit voltage of the solar cell. The results indicated a reduction in the open circuit voltage with increase in depth of the contact into the emitter region, as expected. This new model can be used a tool for understanding and optimizing the interaction of the front contacts with the emitter region.


Abstract: The German botanist, F. R. R. Schlechter, collected three species of Etlingera around 1907 in "Kaiser-Wilhelmsland", now the northern part of Papua New Guinea. Based on these collections, Valeton described three new species in 1914 in Geanthus, but the types collected by Schlechter kept in the Berlin Herbarium were lost during the Second World War. Using a map published by Schlechter in 1911, it was possible to pin down where the types had been collected, and during fieldwork in November 2019 these species were recollected near their type localities. Two of the species had meanwhile been collected from several other places in Papua New Guinea. The current paper includes much improved descriptions and illustrations (ink drawings and a plate with colour photographs) of the three species. Lectotypes are designated for E. densiuscula and E. grandiflora and a neotype is designated for E. vestita. Citation: Poulsen A. D., Pomoso P. & Magun T. 2022: Three species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) recollected in the footsteps of Rudolf Schlechter in Papua New Guinea. – Willdenowia 52: 153–165. Version of record first published online on 23 June 2022 ahead of inclusion in August 2022 issue.


A study was conducted to survey rust fungi which the insect Mycodiplosis Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) larvae feed on, at different locations along the Syrian coast during 2008-2020. The study showed the presence of gall midge Mycodiplosis spp on 77 plant species feeding on 57 fungal species belonging to 8 genera. Results showed that larvae appeared in March and continued until June on Phragmidium violaceum infecting Rubus sanguineus and on Puccinia menthae infecting Mentha spicata. Whereas, larvae that feed on fungi which infect host plant late in October, appeared at the beginning of infection and continued until November, such as Cerotelium fici on Ficus carica. The results showed a difference in the frequency of the presence of Mycodiplosis larvae on the plant families and varieties of rust fungi. The occurrence of Mycodiplosis larva on 12 plant families was 100% due to presence of larva on all rust-infected plant families, whereas occurrence rate on some plant families varied and reached 92.31% on Fabaceae plants, and no presence was observed on Plumbaginaceae plants. Second stage larvae consumed 82.37% of the uredio-pustules of Puccinia conclusa. Keywords: Biological control, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Mycodiplosis, Uredinales, Syria


The realization of the supporting cage device has some differences to the promotion systems of different mines. According to the characteristic of main shaft of the Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine, a supporting cage device is designed, the bearing force is calculated and the intensity of the main parts is checked.


Performance appraisal is needed by every business organization to determine the results or level of success of employees. Through performance appraisal, the results can be used for purposes including human resource decisions, evaluation, and feedback. Positive feedback will show that employees feel valued from their work and can tell what things need to be improved from them so that employees will improve their performance, the purpose of this research is to find out how employees work at Hana Bank, this research uses the method model qualitative approach with descriptive analysis techniques, employee performance at Hana Bank Gatot Subroto Jakarta still has obstacles in maximizing employee performance such as: Absences, employee absences at Hana Bank Gatot Subroto Jakarta still show a bad percentage, this greatly affects the performance and discipline of employees in carrying out duties and responsibilities, then problems in communication that result in non-delivery of accepted job duties and responsibilities. There are findings that the work quality of Hana Bank Gatot Subroto Jakarta employees is very good, where Hana Bank Gatot Subroto Jakarta always improves good facilities to increase and maintain employee satisfaction and quality to improve employee performance.


A 53 year old male hypertensive patient with no history of previous myocardial infarction presented with exertional dyspnoea and fatigue. The ECG revealed complete left bundle branch block (LBBB), and echocardiography demonstrated moderately reduced left ventricular function (ejection fraction 36%) with anteroseptal and anteroapical located severe hypokinesia and akinesia. Assessment …


In an open, prospective multicentre trial in 89 dermatological practices in Germany, 433 patients with subacute and chronic forms of psoriasis were treated with Mahonia aquifolium ointment (Rubisan). M. aquifolium ointment is used as a homoeopathic preparation (according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia). Of 433 patients entered into the study, 375 were treated over the planned period of 12 weeks, or dropped out of the study early because of healing. A modified PASI score fell significantly from 5.5 ± 4.0 to 2.3 ± 2.6. According to an overall evaluation by dermatologists, symptoms improved or disappeared in 81.1% of patients. According to a subjective evaluation by the patients, 79.7% improved or healed completely. The tolerability of M. aquifolium ointment was evaluated as good or very good by 82.4% of patients. There was a significant improvement in the quality of life, which was used as a subjective parameter throughout the study. While 30.1% of patients had significant or severe symptoms at the...


.Using linear elasticity and the soft and hard region theory for internal stress we show that a mobile dislocation system may evolve from a disordered to a more organized structure by means of a highly dissipative process. This situation is in full agreement with the theory of self-organization in non-equilibrium irreversible systems. For the case of Cu-16 at. % Al at T = 723 K and (1 = 39.2 MPa, our theory gives a quantitative explanation for the time evolution of the mobile dislocation density before the subgrain formation starts. It also provides such explanation for the evolution of the total dislocation density after the subgrain formation starts but annihilation events have not appeared yet in the dipolar structure of the subgrain walls.


Rail corrugation occurring on tracks fitted with Egg fasteners has become a serious problem on the newly operated lines of the Beijing metro in recent years. Investigations and field measurements show that the dominant wavelengths of corrugation are 63–100 mm, inducing dominant frequencies of vibration on the rail in the frequency range of 160–310 Hz for train speeds at 60–70 km/h. Due to the influence of the dynamic behaviour of tracks on the formation of rail corrugation, various options for changing the dynamic behaviour of the track structure can be considered as possible solutions to treat corrugation. Four treatment measures have been considered: rail grinding, adding a rubber pad within the fastener, replacing the fastener with a compression-type fastener, and installing rail dampers on the rail. Field experiments have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of these rail corrugation treatment measures on two lines of the Beijing metro. Frequency response functions, track decay rates, and pass-by acceleration on the rail were measured, and the development of rail roughness was monitored. Experimental results show that all the four measures are effective to control or at least slow down the development of rail corrugation on tracks with Egg fastener. Rail grinding is mostly used to limit the effects of corrugation; here, it was noted that low-amplitude corrugation on some straight lines did not reappear after rail grinding. After adding a rubber pad within the fastener, the existing corrugation reduced in amplitude, while corrugation did not reappear on a newly ground rail. Replacing the fastener with a compression-type fastener and installing rail dampers on the rail were found to slow down the development of corrugation.


This paper describes the new digital track in the Electrical Engineering program at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). It uses a combined top-down bottom-up approach. Students are exposed to a number of programming languages on embedded systems in three courses starting in the Freshmen year. Digital logic design ranging from simple gate logic to complex programmable logic devices is covered in two courses. In addition, a sixth course focuses on systems interfacing and mobile robots. These changes assure breadth and depth of knowledge in the digital field of Electrical Engineering. This paper focuses on both, the goals and objectives of the entire digital curriculum and the objectives and contents of the individual courses in the digital track. Technological changes in the Electrical Engineering field In the last ten years the field of Electrical Engineering has undergone a tremendous shift towards digitalization of almost everything. This is readily apparent in most consumer products and is evident for example in the shift from traditional control to digital control 1 . It does not mean that the analog side of Electrical Engineering is suddenly being replaced but rather that electrical engineers use digital systems as the controlling mechanism. This trend goes hand in hand with the increased usage of microcontrollers for systems control. Recent advances in 8-bit microcontroller technologies along with dramatic cost reductions increased the usage of these low-end controlling devices. It is estimated that by the year 2005 a total number of 5 billion 8-bit microcontroller units are shipped annually 2 . MSOE has realized that the microcontroller has become one of the core elements in an Electrical Engineering design and has, therefore, shifted the focus of its digital track. Objectives of the digital track in the EE program Objectives of the digital track in Electrical Engineering can be grouped into the following areas: 1. Programming languages P ge 1.39.1 a. Knowledge of designing and implementing computer programs using various techniques, such as algorithm development, flowcharts etc. b. Knowledge of at least one procedural programming language. c. Knowledge of at least one objective-oriented programming language (possibly an extension of the procedural language). d. Knowledge of at least one assembly language. 2. Embedded Systems a. Knowledge of programming embedded systems in HLL and assembly. b. Knowledge of designing embedded systems. c. Knowledge of interfacing embedded systems to real-life sensors and actuators. 3. Digital Signal Processing a. Knowledge of the traditional fields of DSP, such as discrete time signals and systems, difference equations, z-transform, FIR and IIR filters, etc. b. Knowledge of discrete and fast Fourier transform. 4. Digital Logic and Circuits a. Knowledge of number systems, codes, Boolean algebra. b. Design of combinational and sequential logic circuits. c. Design of digital circuits using SSI, MSI, and PLDs. d. Design of digital systems and subsystems using basic digital building blocks, such as multiplexers, decoders, full adders, ROMs etc. e. Design of sequential circuits using various representations such as state diagrams, ASM charts, and VHDL. f. Design of the Data Path and Control Path of a Control Unit. g. Design of a Control Unit as a FSM and microprogramming. It has been decided that a combined top-down bottom-up would be the best approach to conquer the above list. The objectives concerned with programming languages and embedded systems are covered with a top-down approach, while DSP and Digital Logic and Circuits are covered with a bottom-up approach. This exhibits several consequences: • Since no hardware experience is required in programming microcontrollers in a high level language, objectives 1.a, 1.b, and 1.d can be achieved by using an embedded system as the development platform rather than a personal computer. This has the added advantage that students in Electrical Engineering learn programming in an environment they are most likely to continue using. In addition, these programming classes can be taught relatively early in the curriculum, as it is done at MSOE in the Winter quarter of the Freshman year for objectives 1.a and 1.b (EE1910), and in the Fall quarter of the Sophomore year for objective 1.d (EE2920). P ge 1.39.2 • Since objectives 1.a, 1.b, and 1.d are performed on an embedded system, there is no need for additional coverage of objective 2.a. • Even though implementations of compiler for object-oriented languages do exist on 8-bit microcontroller platforms, it has been deemed necessary that students in Electrical Engineering also learn programming on a personal computer platform. Hence, objective 1.c is covered by an additional course in the Sophomore year using standard PC software as the development environment (CS2510). • Objectives 3.a and 3.b are given their own course in the junior year, since these objectives are only loosely dependent on the other objectives (EE3220). • Objectives 4.a, 4.b, 4.c are covered by a course in the fall quarter of the sophomore year immediately after courses covering circuit theory. This course is structured in a bottom-up fashion, starting with Boolean algebra, number systems and codes, and ends in design of combinational and sequential logic circuit design using SSI, MSI, and PLDs (EE290). • Objectives 2.b and 2.c are covered by a single course in the sophomore year, therefore enabling students to design microcontroller systems and interfacing circuitry (EE2930). • Objectives 4.d – 4.g are covered in a digital system design course in the senior year in a top-down approach, reaching the topics of the bottom-up approach of combinational and sequential logic circuit design (EE392). The combined coverage of all topics can be seen in the following figure, clearly indicating the combined bottom-up top-down approach. The horizontal axis shows the different courses in the order left-to-right while the vertical axis shows the order of coverage of the objectives by the individual course. The arrows show order of coverage in the individual course as well as order of courses within the digital track. It has been deemed vital that the bottom-up and the top-down approach reach the same level of abstraction, as it can be clearly seen in the figure.


Relevance. The survival and reproductive rates of mini-tubers obtained from in vitro potato plantlets were observed to increase under greenhouse conditions. This increase was diagrammed based on the experimental data. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of various types of bio-soils on the multiplication factor of mini-potatoes in vitro at the stage of original seed production in protected ground conditions.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in FSBSI "Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki" (Timiryazevsky settlement, Ussuriysk urban district, Primorsky kray) in 2021.In vitroplantlets of four potato varieties from different maturity groups were used as the research object: Meteor (early), Sante (medium early), Dachnyi (mid-season), and Smak (medium late). These potato varieties were admitted to use in the 12th (Far Eastern) region. The experiments were carried out in a 260 m2 greenhouse during spring and summer. Five variants of potting soil were studied. An agrochemical analysis of the soil mixtures was performed in the Laboratory of Agrochemical Analyses according to generally accepted methods. The reproductive rate of a variety was calculated from the number of survived plants in vials: the total reproductive rate and the reproductive rate of standard tubers (according to GOST 33996-2016). For this purpose, potato sizing squares and the visual method for the rejection of defective material were implemented.Results. Three out of five studied soil mixtures were determined to be effective for four potato varieties used in the experiments: a) 70% peat, 20% biocompost, and 10% vermiculite; b) 60% peat, 30% humus, and 10% sand; c) 60% peat, 20% humus, 10% humus from seaweeds, and 10% vermiculite.


As an integral effort in the Argonne Tokomak Experimental Power Reactor Conceptual Design, design studies on the superconducting ohmic heating (OH) coils and the superconducting equilibrium field (EF) coils were completed. These conceptual designs are developed in sufficient detail with clear information on high current ac conductor design, cooling, venting provision, coil structural support, and zero loss poloidal coil cryostat design. Also investigated is the EF field penetration into the blanket and shield.


This study was aimed at investigating the applicability of energy harvesting technologies, which are regarded as new and renewable energy sources for real-time/wireless monitoring of intelligent railroad vehicles. The surrounding energy generated in a normal operating environment was monitored using a high-speed railroad vehicle in operation. This monitoring was performed in an attempt to evaluate the effectives of energy harvesting and the applicability of energy-harvesting-monitoring technologies under the conditions in which thermal energy and vibration energy are generated.


3) published results from the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial, which was a small (n = 980 men and n = 332 women), randomized trial testing whether 200 μg/d (from high-selenium yeast) would reduce the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Endpoints consid - ered after the trial was completed include total cancer incidence (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and cancer incidence at several common sites. Although selenium had no effect on squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin when the trial had stopped in 1993, it did substantially reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Specifically, there was a 86% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 39% to 97%) reduction in risk among men in the lowest tertile of baseline plasma selenium, a 67% (95% CI = 18% to 87%) reduction among men in the second tertile, and a statistically nonsignificant 14% (95% CI = -49% to 159%) increase among men in the highest tertile (


The traveling portal crane has electric motors (17) in some of the wheel hubs (18). The crane has a lower frame (20) with four swiveling wheel forks mounted in line enabling steering. The inner two wheels have hubs containing a planetary reduction gear, an electric motor and a wet brake. Each wheel has a pneumatic tire. There are oil and cooling fluid circuits in the motored wheels and support forks.


This investigation records the results of 8 × 8 diallel mating design for grain protein and sedimentation value in wheat. General and specific combining ability variances were highly significant. Additive genetic component appeared to be of more importance compared to dominance component for protein content. Component analysis for sedimentation value gave upward biased estimate of dominance component H,. Narrow sense heritability estimates were high (54–88% for protein and 51–12% for sedimentation value). High protein was primarily under recessive genes while reverse was true for the sedimentation value. UP 302 and NP 852 were common good general combiners for increasing the protein and the sedimentation value and possessed mostly recessive and dominant genes respectively. The results suggested the scope for selection.


The paper based on the American Customer Satisfaction Idex(ACSI),combined with the characteristics which were the nature of service and free of the public-sponsered employment training program for peasant,establish the Public-sponsered Employment Training Program for Peasant Satisfaction Idex(PETPPSI).And the the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used for empirical study for peasant employment training satisfaction in Chengdu.The results indicated that there was higher satisfaction,and the variables that the training result perception and the trainingquality perception and the service quality perception did the highest contribution to the satisfaction.But there still existed unsatisfaction in the variables of training result perception and the training quality perception.Finally,the paper put forward some relevant strategies.


We apply here the Time Dependent Convection (TDC) treatment presented in our earlier paper in this series to the study of δ  Sct and γ  Dor pulsating stars. Stabilization of the δ  Sct p-modes at the red edge of the Instability Strip (IS) and the driving of the γ  Dor g-modes are explained by our models. Theoretical IS obtained with different values of the Mixing Length (ML) parameter  α are compared to observations and a good agreement is obtained for  α between 1.8 and 2. The influence of each term of our TDC treatment (perturbation of convective flux, turbulent pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation) on the eigenfrequencies and on the driving and damping mechanisms is investigated. Finally, we show that our TDC models predict the likely existence of hybrid stars with both δ  Sct p-modes and γ  Dor g-modes oscillations.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the present implementation status, difficulties and support needs of early intervention for developmental delayed infants and toddlers by special educators' individual interviewing. Method: A total of five special educators who were working at five different types of early intervention institutions were interviewed. The results of the interviews were recorded for transcription and analysed using a consensual qualitative analysis method. Results: The results of the analysis revealed 12 themes and 55 sub-themes under three categories. Special educators replied that the diagnosis period was getting earlier, the number of developmental delayed infants and toddlers were increasing, and the contents and strategies of early intervention varied by types of facilities. The difficulties of functional assessment, IFSP implementation practices, family-centered approach, parents' emotional problem and lack of parenting-role recognition, education opportunities of interventionist, multidisciplinary collaboration etc. were reported. Conclusion: This study suggested five desirable directions in establishing the implication frame of early intervention for special educators.


[Objective] We isolated and identified di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate-degrading strains. [Methods] We isolated and domesticated the strain by gradient enrichment culture. We identified the strain by 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequence analysis, combined with morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. And we analyzed the degradation characteristics of the strain using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). [Results] A strain (named HS-NH1) 严佳丽等: 一株高效 DEHP 降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解特性 1533 http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn with DEHP-degrading activity was obtained and identified as Gordonia sp.. The optimum temperature and pH for growth and degradation of Gordonia sp. HS-NH1 were 30 °C and 7.0 respectively, strain HS-NH1 was able to almost degrade 500 mg/L di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate to above 90% within 60 hours. One of the major metabolites of di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate degradation were identified as phthalic acid by HPLC. A substrate utilization test showed that HS-NH1was also able to utilize many other common phthalates. [Conclusion] A bacterial strain with a high di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate-degrading efficiency was obtained, and the strain may have a potential application in dealing with the pollution caused by phthalate esters.


Tahir and Zuhre Masjid, which is one of the works of Konya and Anatolian Seljuk Period, serve daily from the 13th century and draw attention with its interior architecture. The Masjid is seated on a square plan and covered with a dome using triangular transitional elements.  These  artifacts  are  the  most  important  proofs  of the  architectural  perspectives  and  orientations of the past  period. Demonstrating and documenting past architectural and engineering skills has become much easier with modern measurement and evaluation techniques at the present time.   In this study, interior 3D modeling study of Tahir and Zuhre Masjid was made by using close range photogrammetry. Also the triangular transitional elements between the square plan and the dome of the structure were picked out. As a result, it has b een observed that the method of close range photogrammetry for documentation and restoration works is not only successful in outdoor facade but also indoor modelling.


Having started medical school less than five months ago, it feels premature for me to speak of a truly personal student-patient interaction. Yet from the moment I saw this essay prompt, I knew that I needed to write about Doña Paulina. More than anything, I am writing to catalogue my experiences for my own reflection and future recollection. The story I will recount occurred prior to my entrance into medical school, during the ten months I spent volunteering at a clinic in Guatemala. For five of those months, I worked as an aide of sorts for an elderly Mayan woman suffering from a considerable ulcer. My friendshipwith this octogenarian hermit, with whom I share almost no language or cultural background, is the oddest relationship I have experienced with another human being so far in my life. Yet, perhaps just for the reason, it has been among the most meaningful. Who is Doña Paulina, and how did we come to meet? In most ways, it was by chance. I had first come to Guatemala working as a whitewater rafting guide. During my travels, I encountered Santa Cruz la Laguna, an indigenous Mayan community in the highlands. The 6000 inhabitants of the municipality were scattered across a half-dozen villages along the shore of a volcanic lake. There, I encountered a small clinic run by two married physicians, a American and Guatemalan. They had worked, unpaid, for the past six years to provide free primary healthcare to the Mayans in the community. I was growing deeply attached to Guatemala and felt a unique connection with the clinic. After shadowing the staff for several days, I made arrangements to stay as a full-time volunteer for the next seven months. As an Emergency Medical Technician by training, I my individual focus was designing a project to train local volunteers as first responders for obstetric emergencies. However, most of my efforts went into the clinic's daily activities, to the extent my limited medical experience allowed. The clinic's success was built around mobile outreach clinics, usually two per week. For each clinic, we'd pack up medications and equipment and travel to several nearby villages, seeing from thirty to ninety patients throughout the day. It was during one such outreach clinic that we first heard of Doña Paulina. We were in Tzununá, a community of several thousand Mayans that we usually visited on Thursdays. It was mid-September, about five months into my stay at the clinic. That afternoon, a visitor at the outreach clinic asked if we could come care for an ancianita (little old lady) in dire health. A neighbor had stopped by her home to inquire about harvesting jocotes, a small pitted fruit popular with the locals. He had found her bedridden and delirious, her hut overpowered with a gangrenous miasma. After seeing our last patient, one of the physicians and our nurse practitioner Guadalupe set off hiking to investigate. They encountered a heartbreaking situation. Although we'd never heard of her before, Doña Paulina was perhaps the oldest living person in Tzununá. In Spanish, "Doña" is a title conferring respect, a step above "Señora." She believed she'd been alive for 85 years – placing her decades past the average Mayan life expectancy. Having long outlived her husband and children, she was left with absolutely no one to care for her. However, this remarkable spirit now seemed close to fading away. A nearly circumferential ulcer had eaten away most of her left calf. It had eroded down to the fascia and swollen her foot like an inflated rubber glove. Now Dona Paulina hovered on the verge of sepsis. She was scalding to the touch, reduced to a sack of flesh and bones weighing less than 30 kilograms. We never determined the origin of the ulcer. She wasn't diabetic, nor did her other leg have vari-


Lesion mimic mutants are used to elucidate mechanisms controlling plant responses to pathogen attacks and environmental stresses. Here, a new rice (Oryza sativa) lesion mimic mutant, natural blight leaf 3 (nbl3), was identified from T-DNA insertion lines. The causative gene, OsNBL3, encodes a mitochondria-localized pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. The nbl3 mutant exhibited spontaneous cell death and H2O2 accumulation as evidenced by Trypan blue, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and tetranitroblue tetrazolium chloride analyses. Additionally, nbl3 displayed enhanced resistance to the fungal and bacterial pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This resistance was consistent with the upregulation of several defence-related genes; thus defence responses were induced in nbl3. RNA interference lines of OsNBL3 exhibited enhanced disease resistance similar to that of nbl3, while the disease resistance of overexpression lines did not differ from that of the wild type. In addition, nbl3 displayed improved tolerance to salt treatment, accompanied by upregulation of several salt-associated marker genes. Disruption of OsNBL3 leads to destruction of mitochondria and elevated use of alternative respiratory pathways. OsNBL3 was found to mainly participate in the splicing of mitochondrial gene nad5 intron 4. Overall, the results demonstrated that a PPR protein was involved in disease resistance and salt tolerance in rice.


A technique for increasing the flexural behavior of stone beams using near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods is proposed. Four granite beams were tested under monotonic loading to investigate the effectiveness of this technique. One conventional stone beam was kept unreinforced as the control specimen and three beams were reinforced with NSM CFRP rods. The main test parameters included rod diameters and reinforcement ratios. Three types of failure modes were observed during testing, namely, abrupt fracture for conventional stone beams, flexure failure for moderately-reinforced beams and flexure-shear failure for over-reinforced beams, respectively. Test results showed that reinforcing with NSM CFRP could significantly enhance the flexural behavior of stone beams. For specimens with a reinforcement ratio of 0.14%, an average increase up to 91.0% in the ultimate load with respect to that of the control beam was obtained and the deformation capacity was dramatically increased. For specimens with a reinforcement ratio of 0.28%, though flexural behavior was greatly enhanced, an unfavorable shear failure was observed.


Objective: A high prevalence of hypertension among the elderly has raised public concern in Asia particularly in Hong Kong. It is commonly observed among elderly being prescribed with more than one...


Introduction: Apart from diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders encountered in adults, affecting up to 10% of the UK population Leptin is a 16kDa protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate thyroid hormones and Serum Leptin levels in patients with thyroid disorders and to find their correlation with each other. Material & Methods: 50 diagnosed patients of thyroid disorders and 30 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Serum Leptin Levels, Serum T3, T 4, TSH levels were estimated in both cases and controls using ELISA method. Results: There was significant negative correlation between Serum Leptin and Serum T3. There was no significant but negative correlation between Serum Leptin and Serum T4. A very significant positive correlation was seen between Serum TSH and Serum Leptin levels. Conclusion: Leptin problems are a driving force behind thyroid problems. Leptin triggers the decreased production of thyroid hormones. Improving leptin problems and losing weight will improve thyroid function.


This study presents the performance of carbon textile reinforcement used as strengthening layers for reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under repeated impact loads. In order to reveal the contribution of carbon textile reinforcement to the behavior of RC slabs under impacts, five identical RC slabs with the dimensions of 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.20 m were manufactured and tested at the Technische Universität Dresden. To understand failure mechanisms of RC slabs under impact loadings, two specimens were kept unstrengthened and tested under different impact velocities. The rest of the specimens was strengthened with three different carbon textile reinforcements embedded in an additional 2 cm fine‐grained concrete layer and subjected to impact loads with the same striker velocity. The results observed from the tests revealed that the carbon textile reinforcement is very effective at increasing the impact capacities of the specimens. Additionally, displacement–time histories and crack profiles are highly affected due to the carbon textile reinforcement types and ratios during the impact loadings.


In multimedia networks, certain applications (e.g., voice and video sessions) can tolerate some delay violations and packet losses. For these applications, we proposed a novel, more flexible traffic characterization approach-L/sup p/-sense constraint functions-as a generalization of deterministic constraint function. Intuitively, feeding more packets than provided resources will degrade the quality-of-service (QoS) of multimedia applications. However, if we can control a multimedia application's output to conform to constraint functions in L/sup p/ sense, then the portion of time prone to performance-bound violations has a normalized tail bound decaying with x/sup -p/. With the notion of L/sup p/-sense traffic characterization, we investigate algorithms to shape an arbitrary arrival trace to conform to a given function f in L/sup p/ sense, i.e., L/sup p/-sense regulation algorithms. It can be shown that under certain conditions LP-sense regulation departure times converge to deterministic regulation departure times when p/spl rarr//spl infin/. Hence L/sup p/-sense regulators can be regarded as generalizations of the continuous-time optimal deterministic regulators. By properly choosing p, more packets of a multimedia source can pass through L/sup p/-sense regulators while its normalized bound-violation ratio decays fast enough to meet its QoS requirements. The basic "leaky bucket" type L/sup p/-sense regulators are also studied as an illustration.


The refracturing plays a very important role in increasing oil well production,stabilizing oil field productivity and improving the economic benefit of low permeability reservoirs.This paper analyzes in detail the reason that causes the production decline in Changqing Oilfield,and concluded that a drawdown of formation pressure might cause the porosity to decline and the water saturation to increase.Based on the field experience of refracturing technology in recent years,points out that the following kinds of well could be selected as candidates for refracturing:①wells which are primarily fractured in a small scale;②wells which are failed during primary fractured stimulation;③wells which are damaged during first fracturing stimulation;④wells which are primarily fractured which backward techniques;⑤wells of who the formation pressure is still above 80% of the original pressure.


PURPOSE: To provide an electrolytic material which has high thermal stability and with which the electrodeposition of a light absorptive and/or reflective metal on a large-area device having a simple structure is possible. CONSTITUTION: This electrolytic material is an electrolytic material for optical modulation consisting of a homogeneous soln. contg. at least one of org. solvents and at least one of the salts of electrodepositable metals. The soln. further contains at least one of org. acids and at least one of the salts of non- electrodepositable metals which makes the metal salts easily soluble.


A growing body of literature acknowledges the association between negative stereotypes and individual components of active aging, but very few studies have tested this association, at both individual and population levels. The Stereotypes Content Model (SCM) states that the cultural aging stereotyping of higher warmth than competence (called paternalistic or ambivalent prejudice) is universal. Our aims in this study are to test the extent to which the universality of this stereotype is confirmed in European Countries as well as how far "positive", "negative" or "ambivalent" views towards older people, and other negative attitudes such as prejudice and behaviours such as discrimination, predict active aging assessed both at individual and population levels. We have analyzed data from the European Social Survey-2008 (ESS-2008), containing SCM stereotypical and other appraisal items (such as direct prejudice and perceived discrimination) about adults aged over-70 from 29 European countries. First, SCM cultural stereotypes about older adults ("friendly", "competent", and "ambivalent") were calculated; secondly, after developing a typology of countries based on their "negative", "ambivalent" and "positive" views about older adults, the universality of cultural stereotypes was tested; thirdly, taking into consideration ESS data of those older persons (over 70s) who self-reported indicators of active aging (health, happiness, satisfaction and social participation), multilevel analyses were performed, taking our inter-individual measure of active aging as dependent variable and our stereotypical classification (positive/negative/ambivalent), direct prejudice and perceived discrimination as predictors; finally, relationships between stereotypical and appraisal items on older adults were examined at population level with country data from Active Aging Indexes. Our results show cultural stereotypes about older people (more friendly than competent) are widespread in most European countries, and negative cultural views of older adults are negatively associated with active aging both at individual and population level, supporting that negative cultural views of older adults could be considered as a threat to active aging.


This article theoretically illustrates the relationship between sexual violence in armed conflict, hypermasculinity, and the establishment of sustainable peace. Using a practice theoretical background and recent findings on socialisation and violence, I conceptualise sexual violence as a practice, hypermasculinity as a gender identity, and armed groups/forces as strongly socialising institutions. After demonstrating that the same gendered dynamics that lead to sexual violence within intrastate armed conflict evolve in prisons, I use criminological research to formulate expectations about the connection between sexual violence and the re-mobilisation of ex-combatants for renewed conflict: Sexual violence as an ingrained practice influences the gender identity and behaviour of ex-combatants, thus endangering peacebuilding endeavours. I demonstrate that there is evidence to claim that those tentative statements hold true and that further research on the connection of sexual violence and the establishment of sustainable peace could inform peacebuilding efforts.


The most recent survey of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) adoption rates shows that the area of small, man-portable systems (generally defined as Micro Air Vehicles or MAVs of maximum take-off weight between 1-5 kg) has one of the highest growth rates of any of the market sectors. There is a growing realisation by military planners that to win the insurgency wars of the present and future, forward units will have to operate within the close confines of urban conurbations and for prolonged periods of time without support. Real-time information and intelligence on enemy strength, dispositions and tactics is therefore essential for battlefield success.


. The goal of this paper is, upon presenting Pacific island countries' development challenges and vulnerabilities, to examine and propose possible policy solutions. In view of very particular development challenges related to economic, environmental and social vulnerabilities, the discussion is taking place concerning (a) the content of the UN programmes of actions to support small island developing States (SIDS); (b) the genus of their preferred structural economic transformation and (c) the supporting economic policies. This paper argues that in order to address various development predicaments of small island developing State (a) international community must be engaged in the areas described in the UN programmes of action, as some environmental and economic challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation and external economic shocks cannot be addressed exclusively through domestic policies; (b) particular type of structural economic transformation must take place, which deviates from the traditional path from agriculture to industry and to services, since for the overwhelming majority of SIDS manufacturing is not a viable option due to their remote location and small population, which make them unattractive for international investments and thus regional and global value chains; (c) the specific type of structural transformation must be underpinned by effective economic policies focusing on building resilience.


Extensive online knowledge sharing can be exploited to solve tasks better, faster and cheaper, and it garners considerable interest in institutional cooperation, learning communities, etc., while many technical problems, such as fair exchange in incentive design and security issues are waiting to be solved. Blockchain technique has high accountability and thus has potential to improve the transparency and security of knowledge sharing. In this paper, to address the above problems, first we propose a Reputation Based Knowledge Sharing system in blockchain, called RBKS. The aim of RBKS is to exploit the copyright protection of the knowledge owner using our proposed fine-grained access control system, and to achieve the paid-for content service which allows bystanders who are interested in the shared knowledge to pay a small fee for the access. Second, a reputation evaluation algorithm is introduced as the core of the incentive, and it may possibly be combined with stake in blockchain to form a hybrid stake for the RBKS system. Third, a blockchain and a trusted storage server are employed together for sharing and storing knowledge, and the main procedures are implemented with smart contract in blockchain to ensure secure execution and fairness. Finally, our analysis shows that the RBKS system is feasible and secure.


Composite boride coating process is considered, one of the techniques in surface treatment, that recently used to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the cutting tools and machine elements, that are exposed to wear and corrosion. The results show that the surface treatment by using the composite boride coating will form boride layers with a high surface hardness, good wear resistant; also they will save low friction coefficient, and a high corrosion resistance . The tribological properties of materials were studied using surface treatment by composite boride coating according to structure and compounding, and under different-friction circumstances, especially; dry friction under effect of the abrasive elements, friction in corrosive environments, and other materials that are exposed only to hardness. Research shows that the composite boride coating has a strong and important effect on the ability of machine elements to work during dry friction or friction in corrosive environments. This influences the friction layer stability and the formation of a secondary ball-shaped structure that consists of different Boron oxides and other combinations are working as a lubricant to the friction pair


A wavelet neural network based on wavelet analysis can be used to represent chemical signals. The adaptive wavelet neural network using the continuous wavelet transform has problems of a high redundancy and slow training, and the compactly supported orthogonal wavelet neural network using the discrete wavelet transform is difficult to be applied, because the compactly supported orthogonal wavelet function with analytic form is hard to build. Based on the idea of the compactly supported orthogonal wavelet network, a novel algorithm using the compactly supported B spline function instead of the compactly supported orthogonal wavelet function is proposed. It has been applied to the compression and de noising of chemical signals. Compared with the adaptive wavelet neural network, the speed of our algorithm was enhanced greatly. [WT5HZ]


For the first time, we report a new poly-Si stepped gate Thin Film Transistor (SG TFT) on glass. The Density of States extracted from measured I-V characteristics has been used to evaluate the device performance with a two dimensional device simulator. The results show that the three-terminal SG TFT device has a switching speed comparable to a low voltage structure and the high on-current capability of a metal field plate (MFP) TFT and the potential for comparable breakdown characteristics.


30 Lungworms of the genera Parafilaroides and Otostrongylus are responsible for parasitic bronchopneumonia, the 31 foremost disease of eastern Atlantic common seals (EACS, Phoca vitulina vitulina ) in the Dutch North Sea. 32 Recently, there have been increased reports of lungworm cases and observations of unusually long 33 Parafilaroides sp. adults in this location. The initial aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the 34 Parafilaroides species infecting this population. Parafilaroides are usually small and delicate, making them 35 difficult to extract from host tissue and there is often difficulty accessing fresh specimens for morphological 36 study. The large size of the Dutch worms and the accessibility of specimens from numerous animals enabled the 37 description and measurement of many intact specimens (N=64) from multiple host animals (N=20). Species 38 identity was confirmed by targeted sequencing of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA amplicons from a subset of 39 worms. Worm morphology was consistent with descriptions for P. gymnurus , but the mature females were 1.9- 40 fold and 3.4-fold longer than those recovered from French EACS (P≤0.001) and Canadian western Atlantic 41 common seals ( Phoca vitulina concolor ; P≤0.0001). They were also significantly longer than mature female P. 42 gymnurus described from other seal species, with the exception of those from harp seals of Les Escoumins, 43 Quebec. We speculate that intraspecific genetic differences in P. gymnurus and the environment within the host 44 could contribute to the variation reported here. This study is the first to describe P. gymnurus using 45 morphological and molecular methods and should serve as a reference for identification of the species.


The energy management strategy of hybrid electric vehicles is of significant importance to improve the fuel economy. In this regard, two energy management strategies are designed for power-split hybrid electric city bus (HECB), which are based on the linear time-varying stochastic model predictive control (LTV-SMPC) and stochastic model predictive control based on Pontriagin's minimum principle (PMP-SMPC). In the present study, the Markov chain and long short-term memory (LSTM) forecast demand torque and velocity respectively are applied to establish a combination forecast model. Then several processes, including linear approximation, processing simplified control model, the proposed nonlinear vehicle model is converted into a linear time-varying model. Meanwhile, the energy management problem in a linear quadratic programming problem is solved. Considering linearization error and limitations of the quadratic optimization, Pontriagin's minimum principle (PMP) is applied to optimize the nonlinear model predictive control. Based on the reference theory, the range of coordinated variables is derived, and the optimal coordination variable is searched by dichotomy to realize the rolling optimization of the model predictive control (MPC). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy is verified by simulating several case studies. Obtained results show that compared with the rule-based (RB) control strategy, the fuel economy of LTV-SMPC and PMP-SMPC increases by 8.79% and 14.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, it is concluded that the two strategies have real-time computing potential.


Objective To investigate the effect of continuous subcutaneous infusion(CSCI) of small-doses ketamine on patient-controlled subcutaneous analgesia(PCSA) with sufentanil.Methods In a randomized,double-blinded trial,200 patients,scheduled for lumbar vertebrae internal fixation,received PCSA sufentanil(background rate 30 ng·kg-1·h-1,bolus dose 30 ng/kg) with or without various dose of ketamine after emerging from anesthesia.Patients were randomly divided into four groups(n=50):group K1:CSCI of 0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1 ketamine;group K2:CSCI 1 μg·kg-1·min-1 ketamine;group K3:CSCI 2 μg·kg-1·min-1 ketamine;group C:CSCI of saline.Sufentanil usage,VAS score and the adverse events 8,24 and 48 h after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group C,VAS scores were significantly lower in the other three groups 8,24 and 48 h after operation,especially for group K3(P0.05 or P0.01).Ketamine dose dependently reduced sulfentanil dosage.There was no significant difference in postoperative nausea and vomiting among the four groups.The incidence of drowsiness in group K3 were significantly higher than that of the other three groups 8,24 and 48 h after operation(P0.05).Eight patients had diplopia and 2 patients had hallucinations in group K3.Conclusion Continuous subcutaneous infusion of ketamine 1 μg·kg-1·min-1 can improve the analgesic effect of subcutaneous sufentanil without increasing side effects.


In Sweden there are no legislative regulations regarding mercury in fluegas emission from crematoria. The crematoria do not have treatment facilities to reduce mercury emissions, although they are the third highest emission source of mercury in Sweden. Included in this paper are the data on mercury emission during cremations with and without the addition of selenium for the reduction of mercury emission. Tests were carried out during 22 cremations. The use of selenium gave emission reductions of 80 to 85% in stack gases, and 20 to 50% in the emission peaks.


A Pd/Cu loaded polymeric cyclodextrin catalyst was easily prepared via in situ reticulation with diisocyanates under sonochemical conditions. Excellent yields were observed for Sonogashira reactions carried out in water and glycerol and the catalyst could easily be recovered and reused three times without a significant loss in catalytic activity.


In this text Randall Law attempts to provide what he terms, somewhat oddly, "a true" history of terrorism. Law points out that back in 2001 a definitive text on the history of terrorism was lacking, although his book now naturally finds itself in a more crowded marketplace. Indeed by 2003 Andrew Sinclair had already produced his An Anatomy of Terror treading similar ground to that explored by Law, and many titles connected to the subject pay some heed to a chronological timeline of terrorism both past and present. However, this does not mean to suggest that there is no place for Law's work, even within an expanded historiographical field. The text is of clear value to students of terrorism in that the work is generally well researched and contains an element of detail, often lacking in other texts which provide only a cursory overview of the historical backdrop. Indeed the inclusion of an extended bibliography to each of the chapters makes this a much more valuable resource to students studying this topic. Law begins his historical journey (after the inevitable codas about the problems of definition) by looking at the Ancient World and the theme of Tyrannicide, a theme which he successfully links into the Middle Ages, the Early Modern Era, and indeed beyond. He is then able to pick up on other useful themes, such as the rise and extensive use of state terrorism up to the present day, allowing the author a chance to also look at the rise of counterterrorism in a number of his modern examples. His linkages to terrorism and the history of the societies which gave rise to it are also an important feature of this text. Whilst, inevitably, recently ongoing and complicated struggles are only given a few pages of discussion (the IRA, ETA, the Tamil Tigers, and so forth) Law is to be applauded for not unbalancing his historical journey by giving pre-modern terrorist examples only scant attention. The rise of Jihadist terrorism is not formally discussed until late in the text, meaning that the emergence of such groups has been placed into a fuller and more revealing context. Two of the last three chapters are given over to the rise and repercussions of Jihadist Terrorism, although the first of these leans heavily on Lawrence Wright's The Looming Tower (Penguin, 2006).


Two quadriplegic patients with evidence of autonomic dysfunction developed severe hypotension after subcutaneous administration of terbutaline. Rechallenge with a lower dose of terbutaline suggests the mechanism to be a drug-related depression of systemic vascular resistance. In the setting of acute quadriplegia with autonomic dysfunction, terbutaline may produce significant cardiovascular instability resulting in severe hypotension.


This essay reconstructs the inner consistency and posthumously reconstructable and manageable systematicity of Heidegger's independent phenomenological beginnings immediately after World War I. Heidegger shares with Husserl the understanding of phenomenology as a primordial science, he specifies this from the logical orientation on the "question of objectivity" and in the "formal display", which goes back to nominalism. Against this philosophical background Heidegger contradicts the reduction of philosophy on the one hand to scientism and historicism, and on the other hand to worldview. The primary-scientific-philosophical claim rather remains valid, where in first attempts the categories of existence are outlined in a phenomenology of the living world reference of existence, where the counterpoint of "ruin" and "ethos" is sketched as an interpretation of residence, and where ideological and religious approaches to the world are examined phenomenologically. It is the thesis of the treatise that Heidegger thereby already sets the impulse that goes beyond the 'fundamental ontology' in Being and Time and aims at a "metaphysics of metaphysics" in the Kantian sense.
Keywords: Existence, Heidegger, Husserl, Metaphysics, Phenomenology


This study used a comprehensive literature review and a two-round Delphi process engaging key thought leaders from the Tasmanian community to investigate the question what challenges face young Tasmanians aged 15 to 25 transitioning from education to employment in this State? The question comprises one of 50 action items highlighted in the Tasmanian Government's State Population Growth Strategy, which aims to increase Tasmania's population to 650,000 people by the year 2050.


The mental health effects of children affected by militarised violence are receiving increasing attention as the magnitude of the problem world-wide and its implications is becoming recognised. The trends in child mental health in Sri Lanka related to war and other factors are reviewed, and local project context in Eastern Sri Lanka is described. Since 1995, research and programme development addresses psychological distress in schoolchildren from multiple factors, many directly war related. The Butterfly Peace Garden in Batticaloa, is an after-school programme provided to 600 children, that offers creative play activities and ethnic reconciliation, integrated with opportunities for trauma healing through art-based processes. Its innovative programme has several distinctive features. It is a model of community reconciliation and peace building, supportive of local community-based capacity building; its child-focussed attention embraces universal values e.g. Convention for the Rights of the Child: the right of children to play(1) mediated through local, culturally appropriate activities. The similarity to and divergence from the model of community based rehabilitation (CBR), is discussed in relation to the controversial issues of the pathology of militarised violence at a societal level, mental illness paradigms e.g. PTSD, and the appropriateness of Western counseling approaches. The programme is also presented as an example of a 'health initiative as bridge to peace (2). THE NATIONAL CONTEXT: TRENDS IN SRI LANKA AND CHILD MENTAL HEALTH RISKS The following overview of Sri Lanka's rising child mental health problems is based on an informal survey of new reports posted on the Internet since late 1999 (3). It is a good starting point to consider the context within which child mental health policy and programming is challenged, in its efforts to find solutions. There may be many similarities to other countries in the South Asian region. ECONOMY, DEVELOPMENT AND WAR According to the 1999 Human Development Index Report by the United Nation's Development Programme (UNDP), Sri Lanka boasts the highest standard of living in South Asia (4). Although Sri Lanka boasts impressive social indicators (adequate health care, with adult life expectancy of 72 years, and a literacy rate of 90%), the island lags on economic gains. Despite relatively high attainments in social development, Sri Lanka has performed unsatisfactorily in the area of economic well-being, "Fast growing countries, like South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, not only exceeded Sri Lanka in income levels, but also left the country far behind in social improvements," (4). Sri Lanka's Human Development Index (HDI) -which incorporates life expectancy levels, adult literacy levels, education enrollment ratios and real gross domestic product per capita -ranked 91st among 175 countries. However, the regional pattern of human development in Sri Lanka varied substantially, and the level of poverty was moderately high with some 18 percent of the population experiencing "deprivation in the dimensions of human poverty" (4). Sri Lanka's war against Tamil Tiger rebels in the North and East, killing an estimated 60,000 since 1983, was a chief barrier to future progress, the report added. According to different news reports, Sri Lanka's GDP is expected to expand by four percent in 1999 against a 4.7 percent growth last year, and 6.3 percent in 1997. Sri Lanka spends more than $850 million a year on the war effort, the defence budget for 2000 set at 52.4 billion rupees ($701.6 million) and expected to climb to $880 million, close to 5 % of gross domestic product. Despite more than 100,000 troops deployed in the battle against the Tamil Tigers, and the government's financial and military superiority over the rebels, victory has not been forthcoming. Army recruitment and compensation have become the primary source of resources transferred into the economy of the rural poor in the Sinhalese-majority regions of the South. As a percentage of the World Bank-defined rural poverty line, "military remittances" increased from 5% to 32% between 1985 and 1997 (5). Aside from the problematic economic implications for these areas if the war should ever end, the social impact of this phenomenon on children and adolescents is profound. An entire generation of children is growing up without fathers, brothers, and uncles as the number of men in the armed forces (as well as a lower, but still sizeable, number of women) has ballooned to an estimated 235,000 in 1996 (6). On "the other side", the size of the LTTE force is estimated to be 13,200 (7). Many Sri Lankan villages are losing their men and women -to the war-front and abroad. These villagers leave to make a living, but the income is often squandered and comes with a heavy price: neglected children and broken families. Expatriate workers are the largest net foreign exchange earners for Sri Lanka, bringing an annual Rs 74 billion (1.05 billion dollars) into the country. This amount has been increased by Rs. 106 million, over the previous year. A number of Sri Lankans work in the Middle East as well as in Cyprus, Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong. The majority of them work as housemaids. Sri Lanka is the only Asian country where the number of female migrants far exceeded male labour outflows. Many of the female domestic workers face exploitation working in the Middle East, including sexual abuse and are at risk for HIV/AIDS. UNDP reported that each year about 160,000 people go abroad on employment, of which, 70 to 80 percent are women mostly in the 18 to 40 years age group. According to available statistics, 50% of reported HIV cases in Sri Lanka are housemaids who have returned from the Middle East.


Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, 2 Solyanaya Square, Tomsk 634003 Russian Federation Institute of Strength Physics and Material Science SB RAS, 2/4 Akademichesky Avenue, Tomsk 634021 Russian Federation LLC "Kuzbass Center of Welding and Control", 33/2 Lenina Street, Kemerovo 650055 Russian Federation Kuzbass State Technical University, 28 Vesennyaya Street, Kemerovo 650000 Russian Federation National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation


In the present paper starting from the notion of metrical structure on the tangent bundle, we determine all metrical d-linear connections in the case when the nonlinear connection is arbitrary and we flnd important particular cases. We study the role of the torsion tensor flelds: T and S in this theory. We flnd the group of transformations of semi-symmetric metrical d-linear connections, corresponding to the same nonlinear connection N, and its important invariants.


Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a deadly disease; however, recent studies have suggested improved outcomes in patients with locoregional cancer. Progress was evaluated at a national level in resected patients, as measured by the proportion who received guideline‐directed treatment and trends in survival.


Recent developments in the UK construction industry have led to behavioural and cultural safety programmes becoming a key tool in the prevention of health and safety incidents on construction sites for major contractors. However, the synchronicity of these programmes with the established UK construction site culture can be challenged, and indeed the success of these change programmes has yet to be proven. An on-going PhD study to investigate how safety is placed and embedded within the culture of UK construction sites, including a review of the impact of these cultural change programmes, has recently completed a pilot study. The pilot used photography and unstructured interviews to produce a rich variety of data, which could be examined from a social constructionist epistemological stance using discourse analysis. This analysis suggested that there were areas of potential conflict with the dominant construction site culture and the behavioural and cultural change programmes, as well as friction between the form and direction of the discourses used within the programmes and those found to be more prevalent on sites. Evaluation of the pilot study suggested the methods employed had the potential to productively address the issues surrounding site safety culture.


Mukta bhasma is unique herbo-mineral calcium containing preparation of Ayurvedic system of Indian traditional medicine. It is used traditionally as antipyretic, antiulcer and antacid. It is used in treatment of bone metabolic disorders associated with calcium deficiency. Mukta bhasma was evaluated for its antiulcer activity in experimental animals. The experimental paradigms used for antiulcer activity were cold restraint stress induced ulcer model and Diclofenac induced ulcer model in rats. It was observed that Mukta bhasma produced significant (P<0.001) 57.53% and 59.18% protection in cold restraint stress induced gastric ulcer and 54.19% and 61.39% protection in Diclofenac induced ulcer at 60 mg/Kg and 120 mg/Kg dose levels respectively, when compared with control. TBARS of stomach in ulcer induced rat was also reduced by Mukta bhasma. The results suggest that this ayurvedic preparation possess significant gastro protective and antiulcer activity in lower doses of therapeutic range and its effect is not dose dependent.


This paper is an investigation of L-dual frames with respect to a function-valued inner product, the so called L-bracket product on L 2 (G), where G is a locally compact abelian group with a uniform lattice L. We show that several well known theorems for dual frames and dual Riesz bases in a Hilbert space remain valid for L-dual frames and L-dual Riesz bases in L 2 (G).


A study of the costs/benefits trade-off was conducted for an Advanced Supersonic Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (ASTOVL) aircraft incorporating a jet flap. The data used were the theory of jet flaps and high aspect ratio nozzles, experience with a V/STOL aircraft study performed for NASA Ames Research Center in February 1982, and a high performance aircraft-synthesis program (ACSYNT). The methodology was to accurately model the supersonic Harrier V/STOL aircraft design on ACSYNT, and then modify the design by both adding high aspect-ratio nozzles in place of the rear (core-flow) nozzles on the Pegasus-type turbofan engine, and integrating these nozzles on each wing's trailing edge, thus creating a jet flap. The predicted performance advantages (increase in maximum lift coefficient with flap deflection and horizontal thrust recovery) were traded off against the disadvantages (additional weight and thrust loss due to ducting) on two representative missions.


cannot help wondering if the manner in which Karimpuris refer to Bhagwan in their day-to-day talk, rather than specific manifestations of the spiritual and sacred, can be traced to the long history of conversation between these villagers and 'influential' missionaries and scholars from Semitic religious cultures. Charlotte Wiser, the missionary, and Susan Wadley, the anthropologist, were collapsed into


Bands of noise were propagated over various ground surfaces and sound amplitudes were measured as a function of frequency of the sound source (40 Hz–2kHz), distance of propagation (5–300 m), and surface conditions. By treating the surface impedance as an adjustable parameter, the impedance as a function of frequency was determined from the measured sound amplitudes assuming spherical wave propagation in the vicinity of a locally reacting surface. The surface flow resistance was also experimentally determined in each case. In the frequency range 40 Hz–2 kHz, the results for three distinctly different surfaces suggest that the impedance can be computed from the specific flow resistance [C. I. Chessell, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 825 (1977)]. Surface vegetation appears to have little effect on the impedance.


In this paper we prove some results concerning the bounds for the zeros of polynomials and as a special case obtain a generalization of the well-known Enestr(cid:246)m-Kakeya theorem. Our result mainly generalizes as well as re(cid:133)nes the result of Joyal et al. [ Bull. Canad. Math., 10 (1967), 53-63]


The formation of a Shiff base aduct hemoglobin-aromatic aldehyde, it has been reported as inhibitor of the hemoglo- bin S polymerization. Using the Proton Magnetic Reso- nance methodology, it can be studied the polymerization kinetics and determine the delay time. Our studies in vitro demonstrate the inhibitor effect of the isovanillin, o-van- illin, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and the p-hydroxybenzalde- hyde, using molar relationships (hemoglobin S/compound) 1:1, 1:4 and 1:8. The delay time increment (expressed as percent) obtained for each one of the molar relationships was, isovanillin: 34 ± 6% (1:1), 68 ± 16% (1:4), o-vanillin: 26 ± 10% (1:1), 63 ± 20% (1:4), m-hydroxybelzaldehyde: 16 ± 4% (1:1), 44 ± 12% (1:4) and the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde: 10 ± 3% (1:1), 32 ± 8% (1:4). In the case of 1:8, the charac- teristic kinetics curve was not obtained. To the employed concentrations, we not found hemolytic activity on the erythrocytes. These results confirm the antisickling activi- ty of these aromatic aldehydes, for a technique different to the reported in literature that also allows quantify the con- centration effect. The same ones will facilitate the study of the therapeutic utility of these compounds in the sickle cell anemia treatment.


CASE DESCRIPTION A 54yearold man came to our attention complaining of occasional tinnitus and blurred vision for 2 years, particularly when driving, the symptoms were linked to rightward head rotation. Neurological examination highlighted the occurrence of the reported symptoms at the neck right torsion beyond 45° after about 10 s. After a preliminary Echocolour Doppler, the patient underwent a dynamic contrastenhanced MR angiography (CEMRA) of the supraaortic trunks. In a neutral position, vertebral artery (VA) blood flow and calibre were regular with no evidence of dominance; scans performed a in rightward head rotation beyond 60° showed a bilateral dynamic stenosis of VAs, in particular at the C5–C6 level on the right, and at the C2 level on the left (figure 1). For diagnostic confirmation, a dynamic digital subtraction angiography (dDSA) was performed, adding selective injections of VAs at different degrees of right neck rotation. dDSA confirmed the CEMRA findings, leading to the diagnosis of Bow Hunter's syndrome (BHS) with bilateral dynamic stenosis of VAs (figures 2 and 3). The examination also revealed the presence of a single thin posterior communicating artery, further explaining the insufficient compensatory flow. A CT scan, performed to complete the diagnosis, highlighted the presumable organic alterations underlying the syndrome. The exam revealed the reduction in calibre of the right C5 transverse foramen due to a mesial osteophytic bone spur with possible compressive action on the vessel (figure 4A,B), and the absence of a cleavage plane between the VA and the posterior surface of the left C2 foramen (figure 4C), which probably caused the vessel to be hypomobilised at that level and stretched during head rotation. Considering the substantial paucisintomaticity of the patient, we opted for conservative treatment and followup in accordance with the attending physicians.


Despite many uncertainties, industrial fields such as energy (eg, oil rigs), utilities infrastructure (eg, telecommunications), space systems, transportation systems, construction, and manufacturing make large and mostly irreversible investments in systems with potentially long life cycles. The life cycle value of such systems may be increased significantly by designing in the flexibility to make future changes. This paper presents a systematic methodology for designers to identify flexible design opportunities (FDOs) more comprehensively and earlier in the system design process. The methodology guides designers to generate flexible design concepts that can be assessed, selected, and integrated into a design during an early stage of the design process. We demonstrate and validate the FDO methodology on a case in the offshore drilling industry.


In order to know  the puddling influence and  soil  properties changes that caused  by  sodium amendment   (Na) treatment  on Utisols,  the research  conducted in laboratory and  green house of  Agricultural Faculty of Soil Department of  Brawijaya University, Malang, since Januari 2000 to  September 2000. The objectives of the research are to investigate the puddling influence to morphological and physicochemical properties changes of soil Laboratory research is conducted in two steps : (1) process research and puddling mechanism conventionally and amount of energy and work time on Ultisols and Inceptisols for 5 weeks from January–February 2000, by mechanical dispersion without sodium ameliorant that arranged by factorial in 2 ways variance analysis, 3 parameters, they are 2 treatment soil type, puddling time of 4 treatment, 0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes and soaking 4 treatment, 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. (2) puddling process research chemically is conducted on 4 soil types, they are Ultisols as main soil and 3 others soil as comparators, Pontianak Oxisol, Malang Inceptisol and Tuban Alfisol by using chemical dispersion agent of Tetra Natrium pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7 ), in factorial arrangement by 2 ways variance analysis, 2 parameters, they are sedimentation time of 7 treatment, 0.5, 1.0, 6.0, 24.0, 48.0, 72.0, 144.0 hours and 4 treatment soil type is repeated three times. Researches are conducted at Physics and Chemistry Laboratory of Soil Department for 2 months since August until September 2000. Conventionally (mechanically), Ultisol can puddled in limited time refloculation, tixotropic, matrix potential take place, and zero point charge tend to positive. Ultisol dispersing with high clay mineral content (>40%), need high land processing energy.Use of sodium ameliorant on 4 soil types with main soil is Ultisols and comparators are Oxisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols, can disperse kaolinite type clay mineral 1:1 on Ultisols completely and permanently. Kata Kunci : Mineral liat Kaolinit Type 1:1, Sodium, Dispersi, Pelumpuran.


An accurately regulated multiple output ZVS dc-dc converter is proposed. The first and third outputs are regulated through the duty cycles of the two asymmetrical half bridge converters, while the second output is regulated through the phase shift of the two asymmetrical half bridge converters. ZVS is easily realized for all the main switches. Therefore this multiple output dc-dc converter can operate with higher switching frequency and higher efficiency. A 400V input, 48V/10A, 12V/5A, 5V/20A outputs prototype is built to verify its advantage. All the three output voltage regulations are less than 1%, and the efficiency at full load is 92.76%.


Base on the theory study of detection of the harmful gas,design scheme of remote harmful gas detector is given,the detector adopted the Zigbee wireless network and MSP430F5438,achieved concentration detection of carbon monoxide,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,oxygen,hydrogen sulfide,hydrogen cyanide,combustible gas and organic volatile gas,also used embedded ARM controller to achieved the human-computer interface. The results of testing show that this detector has such traits as high precision,small volume,light weight,low power consumption,long unattended and self-organizing network capacity,harmful gas monitoring and contaminated area prediction can be realized quickly,therefore it has higher application value.


ABSTRACT: Rabies is among the most common neurological disease in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. Data on the economic impact of rabies in livestock are available in several countries. However, in Brazil, these data focus mainly on the public health point o view, emphasizing the costs related to the prevention of rabies in humans, in dogs, or wildlife. Specific studies carried out in different regions of Brazil indicate critical economic losses caused by rabies in cattle in this country. However, the studies on the losses caused by the disease in cattle lack a detailed analysis of the affected rural properties based on data from official disease control agencies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine rabies, and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination in rural properties in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil.


We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy because of chronic mercury poisoning. A 12-year-old girl was repeatedly admitted with severe congestive heart failure. She received indigenous medication for vitiligo for several months. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe ventricular dysfunction (left ventricle fractional shortening: 14%). She had a stormy course in the hospital, complicated by ventricular arrhythmias and multiorgan dysfunction. Careful interrogation and analysis of local medication and patient serum showed high levels of mercury. She was treated with British anti-Lewisite. She improved over the period of time, and her left ventricle fractional shortening improved to 22%.


In this study, pencil graphite electrode surfaces were modified with Salophen derivative Schiff base Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. Surface modification procedure was carried out by electrochemical oxidation method at 0.0-2.0 V potential range in acetonitrile containing 0.15 M LiClO4 as a supporting electrolyte medium. The prepared modified surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EIS, FT-IR UV-Vis and SEM/SEM-EDX techniques. Modification of surfaces was confirmed by results of characterization studies. The electrocatalytic activity of modified electrodes was investigated upon bioanalytical species like ascorbic acid, catechol, cysteine etc. It was seen that both modified electrodes showed excellent electrocatalytic activity on catechol, but the catalytic activity potential of the electrode modified with Co (II) complex was higher on the other species.