Given that healthcare delivery is in a transformational state, all stakeholders (patients, families, health systems, insurance companies, policy makers, and others) are asking important questions about what has worked in the past, what needs changed and how high-quality coordinated care must be provided in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. Because of our shrinking resources (personal and financial), the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is now being viewed as a viable national solution. Originally developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics to care for children with chronic illnesses and later mandated by the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 and the Medical Homes Act of 2007, PCMH is about greater access to care, understanding patients' needs, coordinating and providing high-quality evidencebased preventative care through shared decisionmaking among patients and a team of healthcare providers (Carrier, Gourevitch & Shah, 2009; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2011; IOM, 2011). With the passage and implementation of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, the visibility and spirited discussion of the PCMH is dramatically increasing. As a result, various healthcare providers including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, hospital systems, payers, and others are examining acceptable options on how to implement PCMH. The PCMH focuses on primary care which has been a cornerstone of nursing practice since before the time of Florence Nightingale. Although data strongly support the success of nurse-led primary care activities and their outcomes (Tzeng, Chiang, Hseueh, Ma & Fu, 2010; Kuethe, Vaessen-Verberne, Mulder, Bindels & van Aalderen, 2011; Wright, Romboli, DiTulio, Wogen & Bettetti, 2011), others, such as physician groups, are claiming they should be the sole leaders of PCMH. Within rehabilitation nursing, it is recognized that interdisciplinary teams form an essential element of our practice, and nurses have consistently taken key leadership positions in designing, implementing, and evaluating the majority of primary care activities while often coordinating all aspects of 24/7 care delivery, whether hospital or community based. Nurses must remain united in their strong vocal support of the leadership role they should play in the implementation and evaluation of PCMH, ensuring that patient and family needs are effectively and continuously addressed long-term. Who in the healthcare delivery system has historically kept patients and their significant others center stage in the hospital and community-based healthcare delivery system? As rehabilitation nurses, we partner with patients and families during all phases of care delivery, while championing quality and effective care coordination to facilitate the highest level of function for both our patients and their families. Plus, we continually concentrate on primary care actions that address prominent and recurrent health issues (e.g., skin care, mobility, safety, medication management, etc.) before they escalate to become greater problems or care challenges. As essential members of the healthcare system, we must be active providing enthusiastic verbal support for nursing to maintain a leadership position in PCMHs. Building upon our prior strong historical base, nursing must provide leadership and guidance that will enable patients and their families to receive high-quality, safe, and coordinated care at a reduced cost. Literature supports how nurses with advanced preparation function well and have comparable long-term care outcomes to physicians when assisting patients and families deal with healthcare problems (Kuethe, Vaessen-Verberne, Mulder, Bindels, & van Aalderson, 2011; Frost & Daly, 2010; DiCenso et al., 2010; Chin, Lam, & Lo, 2010). With the increasing prevalence of PCMHs, advance practice nurses consistently demonstrate competency and achievement in cost-effective highquality care outcomes. As indicated by The Future of Nursing, Leading Change, Advancing Health (IOM, 2011), nurse practitioners are recognized for their ability to assume a leadership position in PCMHs. Given our long-standing commitment to primary care and strong evidence supporting the efficacy of our actions, nurses must become transformational leaders motivating others to perform beyond their customary practice expectations. In particular, institutions of higher learning, accrediting groups, and legislative bodies should expand their emphasis on the development of nursing transformational Rehabilitation NURSING


The article discusses the necessity of the case teaching in microeconomics teaching,talks about microeconomics case teaching,and further pointed out the main problems that the case teaching should be noted.


We adopted a Galactic model of massive star forming regions (Viti & Williams 1999; Viti et al. 2001) to predict the possible range of chemical abundances of more than 200 species in extragalactic star forming regions. We find that hot core molecules should be detectable in external active galaxies out to high redshift. We present a summary of this study as well as observations of typical tracers of extragalactic hot cores to confirm the modelling work. We detected for the first time the CS(7-6) line in the center of M 82 and we provide the first detection of CS taken in the Antennae (NGC 4038).


Ann Childs (Letters March 5) is right to say that there are thousands of empty nursing home beds which could be available for recuperating patients. However, many of these will be in nursing homes which are anything but 'nurse-led'; and many which are would raise the question as to whether 'nurse-led' was a commendation or a condemnation.


From the Publisher:
Understanding MicroStation/J covers the essentials of the both 2D drawings and 3D models including the new SmartSolids found in MicroStation/J. It continues the straightforward and easy-to-read format as seen in its predecessor, Understanding MicroStation 95/SE, a highly acclaimed and widely adopted textbook. Readers are shown actual screen captures along with "pointed" information that have proven to be exceptional features. MicroStation/J is simplified and streamlined into the basic essentials needed to learn and use the software from a beginning level. It also contains up-to-date information about Java and ProjectBank as well as the new productivity enhancements introduced in MicroStation/J.

The first fifteen chapters cover the use of CAD in two dimensions. Chapters 16-21 discuss three-dimensional topics, such as rendering, solid modeling with SmartSolids, and using 3D models to create drawings. The final chapter focuses on ProjectBank, a new concept in MicroStation, along with Java and object-oriented CAD.

Numerous examples and end-of-chapter Questions and Exercises give readers the opportunity to test their knowledge and practice what they've learned. This book can be used as either a course textbook or a self-instruction manual. It is geared toward engineering/architecture students but also addresses the needs of people working in industry, especially those involved in the field of transportation.


Since 1933 the number of deaths in England and Wales, certified as due to infective endocarditis (IE), has fallen by about four-fifths[l ,2]. In the pre-antibiotic era the incidence of the disease was the same as the number of deaths because IE was then uniformly fatal. Since curative treatment became available, reported series from the UK[3-11] and from abroad[12-14], have shown considerable differences in mortality and, as the disease is not


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate and compare the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) with placebo on haemorrhage and quality of vision during and post-transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods: For nine months (September 2016 until June 2017), a randomised clinical trial was conducted with 70 patients, age 50–80 years, who were included in the study according to inclusion criteria (patients who required surgical intervention because of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate weight (<100 cc), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ⩽II, etc.) and enrolled randomly one to one in two study groups, and who underwent TURP in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences by a single surgeon. Interventions: The study group participants received 500 mg TXA in 500 ml ringer serum (concentration of 1 mg/ml, infusion rate 100 mg/min, maximum dose of 15 mg/kg), whereas the control group received only ringer serum during surgery. The results were then compared for the variables operation time, amount of haematocrit (HCT)-haemoglobin (Hb) reduction following surgery and surgeon satisfaction. Results: Both groups had no difference in age, weight and prostate weight. Surgeon satisfaction was evaluated at the end of the operation. The frequency of high satisfaction in case and control groups was 74.3% and 8.65%, whereas low satisfaction was 0% and 42.69%, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean time of operation was 53.57±16.43 vs 120.71±47.76 minutes in the case and control group, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean HCT-Hb decrease (p = 0.00) and the amount of infused volume before and after the operation (p = 0.03) between both groups were significantly different. None of the patients experienced TXA side effects. Conclusions: Intravenous TXA can prevent haemorrhage and higher Hb and HCT reduction following TURP, shortening the operation time and improving surgeon vision during TURP. Level of evidence: 1b


A comparison between the fixed schedule of planned expansion of water supply sources and an alternative expansion program based on a short-term decision from monitoring reservoir levels, water use, and streamflows and employing water reuse capacity and new source development is simulated for the Colorado Springs, Colorado, municipal water system. For this complex, fast growing system with supply based on streamflows and some current reuse capacity the alternative plan postpones major new development an average of 14 years at a cost at present value of half the original planned expansion.


Using the rapid method of digital image analysis by the developed scanning flour analyzer the optical properties of flour (semolina) obtained in laboratory and production conditions from durum wheat of three years of harvest (2017–2019), namely the «yellowness» indicator and the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum, were determined. The semolina color was also evaluated by the Konica Minolta CR-410 colorimeter. It is established that the «yellowness» indicator and the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum did not change within the first 5 to 6 days after grinding. The change of these indicators for all the samples is observed in the period from 6 to 20 days after grinding, there with the «yellowness» indicator decreased by 25 to 40 relative units, the color characteristic in the blue part of the spectrum increased on average by 133,75 relative units. Over the next three months, there was no change of color (by both indicators). In the course of experimental work the optical properties change depending upon carotenoids content of flour (semolina) during its ripening was shown. The correlation dependence between the «yellowness» indicator of flour (semolina) and its carotenoids content is characterized by a high approximation coefficient. The dependence of the color characteristic of flour in the blue part of the spectrum on the content of carotenoids is characterized by an approximation coefficient equal to 0.9358, and is described as a polynomial equation. It shows, that with a low carotenoid content, the considered indicator is higher by an average of 1100 relative units compared to the color of samples with a carotenoid content from 0.70 to 1.21 mcg/g. At that during storage the optical properties of flour variety with the lowest carotenoids content remained practically the same. During 78 days of storage, there was no significant change of color characteristics of the industrial flour samples, studied from the eleventh day after grinding — 5–8 times higher than the average repeatability of the measurement results.


Feeling misunderstood is a universal lived experience. The humanbecoming school of thought is concerned with universal lived experiences of human beings with humanuniverse (Parse, 2007). Exploring concepts with the theory of humanbecoming can be a powerful heuristic in contributing to nursing's unique knowledge base (Bournes, 2000; Rodgers, 2000). In an article discussing feeling understood, Jonas-Simpson (2001) stated, "The powerful yearning to feel understood reveals itself everyday" (p. 222). Martin, Anderson, and Mottet (1999) concurred with this when they stated that, "people have a basic need to feel understood" (p. 282), and that perceived understanding influences communication rules and behaviors. As yearning to feel understood is revealed daily, the potential to feel misunderstood is equally prevalent. Yet the concept, feeling misunderstood, lacks exploration or discussion in nursing literature. In this paper, the concept of feeling misunderstood is explored through the process of concept inventing. A humanbecoming definition of feeling misunderstood emerged as a result of the author's experiences.


Aim  Management of malignant colorectal polyps (MCP) is contentious, with no randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopic with surgical management. This study reviews the management and outcomes of MCPs across a UK region.


Significance Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune and neurodegenerative component. While numerous drugs are available to ameliorate autoimmunity, just some drugs so far have demonstrated effects suggestive of neuroprotection. In this study, we demonstrate that the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator siponimod exerts protective effects, which are independent of lymphocytes and regulated by the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 subtypes.


During the second part of the twentieth century the cultivated plants have been faced with genetic erosion, because of the expandinding industrial farming systems. The sustainable agriculture can not exist without a rich genetic diversity.
After the United Nations Conference from Rio de Janeiro (1992), when the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted, a series of acts and european references that protect agrobiodiversity had emerged.
 Between 2007 and 2010, at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine a program which aims to identify and conserve local vegetable varieties was conducted. Out of 290 cultivars, 171 (58.9%) were genuine local varieties.
 There were collected 12 cucumber cultivars from the following counties: Salaj (7), Cluj (3), Bistrita-Nasaud (1) and Satu-Mare (1). The morphologic caractheristics proved that all this 12 cultivars were authentic and valuable local varieties.
 The local varieties were agronomical, biological and biochemical characterized, both in field and laboratory. The seeds achieved from those 12 local varieties were preserved in the Suceava Gene Bank, from where stakeholders (farmers, agronomists, researchers) can obtain seeds.


This research focuses on the Digital Gap in China. Based on the data from The National Survey of Information Technology Use in China Primary and Secondary Schools 2004, which is the latest large survey of informatization in china. At first, this study analyzes the Digital Gap in current China. We selected 15 provinces as samples, their data helped us to know about how the Digital Gap is in China nowadays. The statistic data showed that there are significant differences between the east China and the central-west China on the dimension of hardware. But there were some results that couldn't be explained by current theories. Then this study drew the conclusion that it was the individual differences that partly caused the Digital Gap in China. Among all the individual factors that influence the Digital Gap, this study created the dimension of "Information Intention" to complete the structure of Information Literacy. Information Intention means that the subject can not only sense the value and the latent meaning of information, but also form positive internal wanting of information, change the wanting into the action, be willing to connect the information with actual work, learning, life. It is a habitual trend to information, on behalf of the tendentiousness of the person. A person with information intention is in the open, receivable state, being willing to take, process, select, evaluate, transfer information. Finally, this study used data and interviews to prove how "Information Intention" as an individual difference causes the Digital Gap in China.


Conformance with ethical behavior consists of adherence to the standards of conduct for any given group. When standards are not formalized, there can exist ethical disparity from which many diverse problems can result. These problems are especially evident in the cyberspace. Within the cyberspace, the "given group" is culturally and ethnically diverse. As such, it is difficult to hold the individuals to a nonformalized set of standards. Several important issues need to be addressed in order to balance each individual's dual needs for freedom of expression and protection in the cyberspace. These issues include development of formalized standards, a general protocol for cross-cultural interaction, and ethical accountability.


In this paper, I offer a multitextual narrative on rowing, and at the same time, I seek to produce an alternative mode of sociology, politics and history of the sport. The paper is an autoethnographic experimental piece, which explores the ways different points of view may meld, fuse and interact to form a novel interpretation of this often-marginalised sport. The story that follows is premised upon my long-term positionalities both as a sculler/rower and as an academic. It is informed by my personal experiences of rowing and pedagogical aspects of academia – more specifically, teaching contexts – and it is the result of the realisation that I have not critically engaged with the sport despite having sculled and rowed for twenty years. The 'storied style' I adopt is inspired by existing literature within qualitative sport studies on the scope and significance of narrative (Bruce 1998, Denison 1996, Denison and Rinehart 2000, Rinehart 1995, Sparkes 2002, Sparkes and Silvennoinen 1999) as well as by specific qualitative research on rowing, which takes an ethnographic (McDonald 2009, McDonald and Hallinan 2005, Pope 2010) and autoethnographic turn (Owen 2006, Purdy et al. 2008, Tsang 2000). Additionally, however, this particular storied style is influenced by J.M. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year (2007). In his acclaimed book, Coetzee splits each page so that the voices and thoughts of three characters appear as three separate accounts. By stacking these three narratives on each page, he provides an immediate and unique polyphonic text. He adeptly demonstrates how the experiences, thoughts and feelings of his characters collide. In my paper, the effect of Coetzee's book is evidenced only in the way the stories are set out and certainly not in relation to content or complexity. In the short story below, there are three voices (lecturer, veteran oarswoman and student/young oarsman) on each page. This storied style aims to provoke discussion on, among other things, different ways to approach research and pedagogy. Its intention is to challenge traditional knowledge claims in relation to rowing research, methodologies and epistemologies.


In construction of the ultra-deep permanent foundation pit of the main stage store of Wuhan Qintai Great Theater, engineers firstly adopted a new kind of I-shape diaphragm wall.In this article,the author states construction methods of the I-shape diaphragm wall,and introduces a kind of rigid wall water-stop joint adopted in this project,which can help engineers to solve influences of static pressure piles on construction of underground continuous walls under complex geological conditions.


When a crack is detected in a nuclear piping system during in-service inspections, the failure estimation method provided in codes such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI or JSME Rules on Fitness-for-Service for Nuclear Power Plants can be applied to evaluate the structural integrity of the cracked pipe. In the current codes, the failure estimation method for circumferentially cracked pipes includes bending moment and axial force due to pressure. Torsion moment is not considered.The Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation for the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI is developing guidance for combining torsion load within the existing solutions provided in Appendix C for bending and pressure loadings on a pipe. A failure estimation method for circumferentially cracked pipes subjected to general loading conditions including bending moment, internal pressure and torsion moment with general magnitude has been proposed based on analytical investigations on the limit load for cracked pipes. In this study, experimental investigation was conducted to confirm the applicability of the proposed failure estimation method. Experiments were carried out on 8-inch diameter Schedule 80 stainless steel pipes containing a circumferential surface crack. Based on the experimental results, the proposed failure estimation method was confirmed to be applicable to cracked pipes subjected to combined bending and torsion moments.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Previous reports have shown oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (C) to be angiotoxic in vivo and in-vitro in animal models of atherosclerosis and have demonstrated their presence in processed, C containing foods. In this study abdominal aorta obtained from 8 adolescent trauma victims at autopsy was chemically analysed for the presence of these compounds. All aortas contained atherosclerotic lesions which were dissected out, freed of adventitial fat, minced, extracted in cholorform:methanol 2:1 then saponified in 15% KOH. The non-saponifiable lipid (sterol) was separated in a two stage thin layer chromatography system using Ether:Benzene:Ethyl Acetate then Ether:Heptane on Silica Gel G plates. Bands corresponding to known standards were then scraped and eluted in chloroform, converted to trifluoro-acetates, and quantified by gas liquid chromatography. Significant levels of two oxygenated C derivatives known to be cytotoxic were found. These were (x ± S.D.) 25-OH cholesterol 213 ± 108 μg/100 mg of lipid and cholesterol 5,6 epoxide 25 ± 13 μg/100 mg of lipid. C content was 58 ± 18 mg/100 mg of lipid. The concentration of C in the lesions was positively correlated with the level of 25-OH C. These data are consistent with earlier studies of tissue from older individuals with more advanced lesions and suggest a role for these compounds in the current epidemic of early onset of atherosclerosis.


The article discusses approaches to assembly and manufacturing of ground vehicle electrical equipment. There were developed: the technique of visualization the original data and the results of devices simulation and their subsequent conversion to specialized computational package for optimization of parameters by a given criterion, and detecting technological inconsistencies at an early stage in the modeling process.


As alternatives to conventional metals, metal oxide semiconductors offer many advantages in the field of plasmonic applications. Herein, the influence of antimony doping on the plasmon resonance properties of tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis has been investigated. The colour of heavily doped antimony tin oxide films was tuned from colourless (transparent) to dark bluish. The crystallinity and morphology of these films were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction reveals that these films have purely cassetirite structure and no secondary phases of tin and antimony oxides are present. The surface morphology shows films have grainy structure which decreases with increase in antimony content. The Hall effect and electrical conductivity measurements show that the majority carriers are electrons and conductivity decreases by three orders of magnitude with increase in antimony content up to 50 wt%. The optical absorption shows that with increase in doping the plasmon peak becomes sharp and shifts to the visible region. Such plasmonic features are rarely reported on such materials. These results are analysed in terms of classical theory of surface plasmon resonance. The better plasmonic features, low cost, ease of synthesis and good chemical stability make these materials potential candidates for plasmonic applications.


Abstract: Study Objective: SPN-812 (extended-release viloxazine) is a structurally distinct, bicyclic, Serotonin Norepinephrine Modulating Agent (SNMA) in development as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. This Phase 3, randomized, double-blind study (P302) evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily SPN-812 at doses of 200 and 400 mg compared to placebo in adolescents ages 12-17yrs with ADHD. Method: Inclusion criteria required subjects have a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) ADHD diagnosis, ADHD-Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) score ≥28, Clinical Global Impression-Severity score ≥4, and be free of ADHD medication ≥1 week before randomization. This investigation was conducted at 34 study sites in the United States. Subjects (N=310) were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo:200 mg SPN-812:400 mg SPN-812. The treatment period included up to 1 week of titration and 5 weeks of maintenance (intent-to-treat population: N=301; placebo=104, 200 mg=94, 400 mg=103). The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) at end of study (EOS) in ADHD-RS-5 total score. Key secondary endpoints included Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score at EOS, and CFB at EOS in Conners 3-Parent Short Form (Conners 3-PS) Composite T-score and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form (WFIRS-P) total average score. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), laboratory tests, vital signs, physical exams, electrocardiograms, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Results: Compared to placebo, a significantly greater improvement in ADHD-RS-5 total score was observed in the 200 mg and 400 mg SPN-812 treatment group at EOS (p=0.0232, p=0.0091; respectively). Significant improvement in CGI-I score at EOS for both 200 mg and 400 mg SPN-812 compared to placebo was also observed (p=0.0042, p=0.0003; respectively). No significant change was observed at either dose compared to placebo in the Conners 3-PS Composite T-score (p=0.6854, p=0.0518; respectively), or the WFIRS-P total average score (p=0.2062, p=0.0519; respectively). The most common (≥5%) treatment-related AEs were somnolence, decreased appetite, fatigue, headache, and nausea. Conclusions: In this study, SPN-812 met the primary objective for both the 200 and 400 mg doses, and a key secondary objective (CGI-I) for both the 200 and 400 mg doses. AE-related dropouts were ≤5%, indicating SPN-812 treatment was well tolerated. This study is an encore of a poster presentation at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Funding Acknowledgements: This research was funded by Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, MD.


Abstract: The marine red algal genus Sarcodia possesses single to several flattened blades, composed of a central layer of medullary filaments, with some stellate cells remaining, flanked by two layers of subspherical to stellate cortical cells. Among the described species, S. ceylanica, previously regarded as a synonym of S. montagneana, is characterised by erect thalli composed of subdichotomously branched blades and has been widely reported from the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Collections from various localities in the Indo-Pacific regions included many specimens fitting this broad concept of S. ceylanica but differed in blade morphology and were difficult to assign to any named species with confidence. In order to delineate the species boundaries within the suite of the specimens that morphologically resemble S. ceylanica and to clarify the phylogenetic significance of the morphological features used for separating species of Sarcodia, we used rbcL sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships among the available specimens. RbcL sequence analyses showed that the distribution of S. ceylanica is most likely restricted to its type locality Sri Lanka. The collections of S. 'ceylanica' analysed from Taiwan, Japan and Kenya were split into four clades and were genetically different from those collections of S. ceylanica from Sri Lanka. The molecular results also suggested that S. montagneana is distributed only in New Zealand. In addition, one new species, S. suiae S.-M. Lin & Rodríguez-Prieto, is described to accommodate specimens of S. 'ceylanica' from Taiwan. Records of S. 'ceylanica' and S. 'montagneana' from other locations in the Indo-Pacific regions should be regarded as doubtful until detailed morphological studies and molecular analyses of freshly collected specimens become available.


The Li-ion battery is studied base on its equivalent circuit PNGV model. The model parameters are identified by HPPC test. The discrete state space equation is established according to the model. The basic theory of extended Kalman filter algorithm is studied and then the filtering algorithm is set up under the noisy environments. Finally, a kind of electric car is used for testing under the UDDS driving condition. The difference between the simulation value using extended Kalman filter under the noisy environment and the theoretical value is compared. The result indicated that the extended Kalman filter keeps an excellent precision in state of charge estimation of Li-ion battery and performs well when disturbance happens. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i12.3894


The effects of turnout date and grazing severity on tissue turnover up to mid-June in a rotationally grazed perennial ryegrass sward are described. Reproductive development affected all tissue turnover rates. An early (late March) compared with a later (mid to late April) turnout, and a severe, compared with lenient grazing, reduced leaf extension and senescence rates. These rates reflected the treatment effects on the distribution of tillers between leafiness classes. Net leaf extension was not affected by treatment. Tillering and leaf turnover were reduced by reproductive development. Pre- and post grazing sward heights increased progressively during the experimental period. The management implications are discussed.


The author of 'Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule' (Lomolino, 2005), would like to draw the attention of readers to a mistake in an entry in Table 3 of that paper. In the second column of that table (under the heading of 'Independent variable') the entry for Callosciurus prevosti should read ')Isolation*; +area*' (not '+Isolation*; +area*' (i.e. the correlation between body length of this species and isolation of the islands was negative, not positive; see Fig. 3a).


One-particle distribution in various asymptotic limits are studied in the framework of DAMA (dual amplitude with Mandelstam analyticity). The predictions in the central region essentially differ from those obtained in the narrow resonance Veneziano model, while experimental data support the predictions of DAMA. The differences in other limits are less important. (auth)


A new simple, specific, precise and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Drotaverine HCl (DRO) and Nimesulide (NIM) in tablet formulation. The separation was achieved on a 5-micron C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm) using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of water: acetonitrile: methanol 30: 35: 35 % (pH 2.5, adjusted with orthophosphoric acid). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min, with an average operating pressure of 2630 psi. The detection of the constituents was done using UV detector at 295 nm for DRO and NIM. The retention time of DRO and NIM were approximately 5.6 and 10.6 min respectively. Recovery study values of DRO and NIM is 100.06 + 0.40 and 100.13 + 0.34 respectively, relative standard deviation of less than 2% for the assay show that the method is precise, accurate and linear in the concentration given and demonstrate the method developed is rugged and robust. Linear response obtained for DRO was in the concentration range 50-250 µg/ml and NIM in the range 125-625 µg/ml.


Based on the idea of redundant fault-tolerance,this paper designs a dual CPU fault-tolerant controller based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA). It can detect faults and resume system performance through checkpoint reload in case of failure,and control law can self-reconfigure when sensor faults occur in the system. Simulation results show that fault-tolerance and fault rectification functions can be achieved by switching the redundant CPU and reconfiguring the control law in case of system failure.


We demonstrate the advantages of using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber (HNLF) in an all-optical modulator based on a nonlinear optical loop minor (NOLM). The use of a HNLF allows for a compact design, since a low pump power and a relatively short length of fiber are required in order to obtain optimal switching conditions for the NOLM. Furthermore, the low dispersion and dispersion-flattened features of the HNLF offer increased flexibility for operating the modulator since walk-off effects between the pump and the signal are significantly reduced. The modulator was incorporated in a tunable mode-locked semiconductor fiber laser (SFL) and its performance was evaluated under different operating conditions. The output characteristics of the SFL are sustained regardless of the wavelength and duty cycle of the pump signal. The same laser configuration also allows for clock recovery of input signals, independently of the signal wavelength.


AFS with hydride generation was applied to the determination of arsenic and antimony in rocks. Rock sample was crushed to pass sieves with bores of 0.25 mm to 0.42 mm.0.100 0 to 0.300 0 g of the crushed sample were soaked in 8 mL of an acid mixture of cone.HCl and HNO_3(3+1)for 30 min and then digested in boiling water bath for 2 h.The mixture was transferred to a 50 mL volumetric flask and diluted to mark with water. 5.00 mL of the supernatant were taken and transferred to a 10 mL volumetric flask,2.5 mL of 100 g·L~(-1) thiourea-ascorbic acid solution were added and the solution was diluted to 10 mL with HCl(5+95).An aliquot of 1.0 mL was taken for the analysis under prescribed instrumental conditions.20 g·L~(-1)KBH_4 solution was used as reductant to generate the hydrides of arsenic and antimony.Linear relationships between values of fluorescence intensity and concentrations of As and Sb were obtained in the ranges of 0.50-60μg·L~(-1)and 0.50-80μg·L~(-1)respectively.The proposed method was used in the analysis of 2 rock CRM's(GBW 07106 and GBW 07108).contents of As and Sb found were in consistency with the certified values,and values of RSD's(n=5)found were less than 3.5%.


Terahertz (THz) band communication has abundant spectral resources to accommodate multiple broadband carriers. However, the strong path loss attenuation and the limited transmission power affect the maximum number of carriers that can be activated. A simple way to address this limitation consists in transmitting the same message from multiple transmission points, using Joint-Transmission (JT) Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP). However, the distance-frequency-dependent molecular absorption that THz channels experience makes the implementation of JT-CoMP challenging. In this paper, we propose a decentralized scheme that takes into account the effect of distance to select the per-carrier transmit beamforming weights and powers. For this purpose, low-rate feedback information is reported from the receiver to the transmission points, such that decisions performed locally take into account the ones made in the coordinated set. Notable sum data rate gains are observed when compared to the baseline schemes, where transmission power is equally divided among carriers or independently allocated using waterfilling. As expected, the accuracy of the reported channel phase information, the number active transmission points, and the distance-dependent frequency selectivity of the THz channel affect the sum data rate that multi-carrier JT-CoMP can provide.


version 2) was measured in RNA extracted from developing seeds (harvested 10 days after pollination) of 157 RILs from the Bay-0 x Sha population (hereafter BaySha)[1]. Display, sample treatment, microarray analysis and data normalisation were performed as indicated in Methods within the main text. We used this dataset to develop and test the efficiency of the novel R/eqtl package as a tool for identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in recombinant populations. Linkage analyses on expression traits allowed us to identify 19,021 significant eQTLs (FDR = 5%, LOD > 2.47 after 1,000 permutation tests on 100 randomly chosen expression traits; Figure S6a; Table S2c). For each of them, the variance explained, the supporting interval, the additive effect and the classification as potentially cis-or transacting eQTL (see main text for details) were determined. The accurate results provided by R/eqtl in the BaySha population allowed us to perform further mapping and crosses comparisons with the microarray data generated in the CviCol and BurCol recombinant populations. The number of eQTLs identified in BaySha exceeds those ones found for the CviCol and BurCol recombinant populations by 4.4 and 2.9 fold, respectively. The majority of the eQTLs were mapped as distant (91.7%), and only a minority (8.3%) was found to act locally (Figure S6a-b). The significant over-representation of distant association and the total lower number of local-eQTLs detected in the BaySha population explains the greater difference between this set and the two crosses involving the Col-0 accession. Nevertheless, in agreement with CviCol and BurCol findings, we observed a higher average variance explained by local eQTLs compared to distant-eQTLs (13. Figure S7) with more local-eQTLs having larger effects and significance (Figure S6b). Most of the traits were associated with a unique genomic region (Figure S8), in agreement with CviCol and BurCol findings. The distribution of the distant-eQTLs along the genome was not uniform and most of them gathered in specific regions of the genome (Figure S9). In order to map intervals significantly over-represented with distant-eQTLs (hotspots), we performed a permutation test after dividing the genome into 1Mb intervals (see Methods in main text). Only three significant hotspots were detected localised in the left arm of chromosome 4 and 5. Interestingly, two well-characterised pleiotropic QTLs known to segregate in this cross were found within these regions. Below the strongest hotspot (gathering ~12,000 eQTLs on chromosome 4) lies the flowering time gene FRIGIDA (FRI) as an obvious effector. …


Abstract Previous work in this laboratory has shown that radical aldehyde cyclizations provide efficient routes for the preparation of cycloalkanols. This process seems well suited to carbohydrate substrates and could conceivably be developed for novel routes from carbohydrates to carbocycles. Several aldehydic substrates have been prepared with a variety of different radical progenitors. The preliminary conclusions seem to be that α-oxygenated aldehydes are poor substrates, a probable reason being that the intermediate alkoxy radicals are prone to decomposition by β-scission. The formation of the radical intermediates has been demonstrated by trapping experiments with acrylonitrile.


Johannes Hagen, a long-term member of the charterhouse at Erfurt who died there in 1475, was one of the most important writers of the Carthusian reform in the fifteenth century. His productivity is shown by two autograph indices of his works and the contemporary library catalogue of the charterhouse which enumerate c. 500 titles by him on diverse subjects. The abundance of the material is probably the main reason why Hagen has so far not received the attention he deserves. Eleven of the 36 manuscripts from the Erfurt charterhouse today preserved in Weimar are currently in the process of being catalogued. They include the manuscript Q 50, a collection of Hagen's works written in a swift cursive hand which by comparison with a manuscript in the diocesan archive of Erfurt can be shown to have been written by the author himself. Furthermore, additions and marginalia by Hagen allow a glimpse into the author's working methods. The manuscript exclusively contains texts composed during Hagen's tenure of the office of prior (1457–1460). During this time, Hagen worked mainly on treatises on monastic topics, but also composed works for a broader public, on themes such as marriage, the sanctification of the Sabbath and also on dance. Many texts have only survived in this manuscript, among them Hagen's 'Apologia', an explanation of his reasons for resigning as a prior, which substantially enlarges our knowledge of the biography of this


Research of analysis subsurface structure in Harjosari Semarang district using geomagnet methods with 2D and 3D modelling. In this study, magnetic data acquisition was carried out in 93 points by using a PPM (Proton Precession Magnetometer) geometrics type of GSM 19T and 2 units geotron magnetometer G5 models to get the values of the total magnetic field. The result of measurement data is processed by the daily variation correction and IGRF correction (International Geomagnetic Reference Field). The corrected data has been used to create total magnetic anomaly contour. The total magnetic anomaly contour has been used to process reduction to plan surface. The result of reduction to plan surface has been used to create a contour upward continuation and then made reduction to the poles. The result of research showed the total magnetic anomaly closure pair of positive and negative indicated a fault zone below the surface. Result of research an incision on the closure pair of positive and negative to determine the subsurface structure of the region by creating a model of 2-dimensional (2D) using software Mag2DC. In 2D modeling result shows that was a fault zone below the surface about 210 to 1000 meters depth. The existence of the fault structure below the surface was estimated as a result of rock shifting from the northeastern area of research. Result of a 3-dimensional (3D) modelling using UBCMag3D software to determine subsurface structures more clearly by including error values, parameter values susceptibility and density models. On the results of the 3D display of subsurface structures found any difference in stark contrast to the susceptibility value at a depth of 225 meters to 1200 meters. The susceptibility value differences suspected presence of fault structures below the surface.


A knowledge of the wake distribution in the early design stages of a ship gives criteria leading to an appropriate propeller-hull interaction and avoidance of vibration and cavitation. The paper describes a preliminary analytical procedure and its application to the selection of afterbody forms and propeller geometry. An empirical method is proposed for the prediction of the wake field in the first design stage.


ABSTRACT Among the reasons why an income that people get from any given non timber forest product can decline are, over-harvesting of the resource base, capturing of the business by local elite, domestication of the product, decreased demand, or manufacturing of substitutes. In all of these scenarios, income for local collectors is likely to diminish or disappear altogether. This Special Issue of the International Tree Crops Journal brings together a number of studies from Bolivia, Peru, Zimbabwe and Cameroon assessing the sustainability of incomes from non timber forest products once their commercialisation has already been achieved. The studies conclude that avoiding over-harvesting of a commercially successful forest product will in most cases require some restraints on harvesting, usually through developing rules and regulations at the appropriate level. These institutional arrangements are also needed to avoid exclusive income capturing by powerful elites. Sustained production can also be achieved through intensified management or cultivation. Maintaining market demand requires constant marketing effort, or adjusting the products that are supplied to different demands. Even so, there is always the possibility that commercially successful forest products will be replaced by others that provide a higher consumer satisfaction or are produced more efficiently. A constant effort is thus needed to develop new products, for which the entire production-marketing may have to be setup.


...............................................................................1 Abbreviation .........................................................................2 1. LTE Evolution Roadmap ................................................... 3 2. LTE-B Requirements ..........................................................5 3. LTE-B Key Features ...........................................................6 General Enhancements ...........................................................................6 LTE-Hi: LTE Hotspot Improvement and small cells ....................................8 Multi-RAT Operation Enhancement ......................................................11 Services and Enablers of New Services ..................................................12 4. Tentative benefits of LTE-B .............................................14 5. Conclusion ......................................................................17


Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the moral principles of decency, both in terms of individual humanity and justification as a characteristic of social beings. Not only adults, children also currently show deviant behavior. The current speed of communication flow can foster children's curiosity and encourage them to try new things. The purpose of this study is to explain deviant behavior that often occurs in the environment around PPA and what factors influence children to carry out deviant behavior. In addition, this study aims to explain the efforts made by PPA in preventing deviant behavior in children. This research was carried out using sociological juridical research methods, the specifics of this research are descriptive. The research data was sourced from interviews. Data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study (1) factors that influence children to carry out deviant behavior are biological factors, psychological factors, and sociological factors, besides that there are factors from a bad environment, lack of attention from parents and influence from friends. (2) Efforts to overcome deviant behavior in children can be carried out with prevention efforts without punishment, such as the participation of community social institutions. PPA is a community social institution that in responding to children's deviant behavior is by providing infrastructure that accommodates children's creativity, improving children's mental health.


_Despite wide globalacceptance of rotary nickel titanium (RNT) canal enlargement, hand files remain central to endodontic practice. It can be argued persuasively that proper canal negotiation and glide path creation are key ingredients to successful longterm treatment, along with adequate and appropriate irrigation, canal preparation, coronal seal, etc. Simply stated, after the preparatory steps of straight-line access and removal of the cervical dentinal triangle with orifice openers, if the canal is not properly negotiated and a glide path prepared prior to RNT enlargement, cleaning and shaping procedures cannot be optimal.


The efficient operation of main oil pipelines - one of the most important and urgent problems of Russia. Ducker - one of the most technologically advanced stages of construction of the road trunk pipeline. It is important to make the right choice of the method for installing the pipeline, since the speed of construction, economic costs of work, the reliability of the underwater crossing section, and, as a consequence, the uninterrupted operation of the entire main oil pipeline, environmental friendliness of both the installation and further operation will depend on this. underwater passage. Thus, the purpose of this work is to perform a comparative analysis of the methods for the construction of siphons, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results of the work can be applied in the construction of a new route, as well as in the overhaul of underwater crossings that have worked out their time.


Bipolar disorder is a manic-depressive disorder or a mental illness characterized by episodes of an elevated mood known as mania, usually alternating with episodes of depression. During mania an individual feels abnormally happy, energetic, or excitable, but often makes poor decisions due to unrealistic ideas or poor regard of consequences. Manic and depressive episodes can impair the individual's ability to function in ordinary life. Children who are physically challenged experience the psychosocial effects of their inability hindering their normal behavior, personality and development. When these effects persist and begin to interfere with a child's ability to function in daily life, bipolar disorder could be the cause. The purpose of the study was to elicit the prevalence of symptoms of bipolar disorder among physically challenged children. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 80 respondents were selected from the school run by Amar Jyoti charitable trust, New Delhi. Purposive random sampling technique and a self-prepared questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was analyzed by employing "t" ratio and ANOVA. No significant association were found between independent variables (age, number of siblings, type of physical disability) and prevalence of symptoms of bipolar disorder among physically challenged children whereas significant association of gender (0.0051*)with prevalence of symptoms of bipolar disorder among physically challenged children were found. The prevalence of symptoms of bipolar disorder is higher among boys as compared to girls; the reason could be because boys tend to engage in physical activity more than girls.


This thesis consists of four essays examining the functioning of electricity markets. The first article builds on a game-theoretical model, the three other articles discuss empirically the link between information and price formation process.Comparison of congestion management techniques: Nodal, zonal and discriminatory pricing, compares different market designs used to handle congestion in electricity transmission networks.Market-specific news and its impact on forward premia on electricity markets is an empirical analysis of the impact messages informing about sudden events affecting the power market have on price differences between the day-ahead and the intra-day Nordic electricity market.Strategic withholding through production failures, studies a previously unexamined way through which electricity producers can withhold capacity in order to increase prices on the Nordic electricity market and verifies whether the decision to stop production and inform about a sudden failure is based on economic incentives or rather is a result of a technical problem.Private and public information on the Nordic intra-day electricity market is an investigation of how traders on the Nordic intra-day electricity market react to public news about sudden failures on the power grid and whether they use private information about forthcoming outages in trading.


The Gufeng chert formation widely occurs in South China during the Early Permian, which is an intensive period of the mantle activities, so that this strata contains important geodynamic information. The geological and geochemical characters reveal that the Gufeng Formation can be identified as three segments namely the black shales section, the thick-layered chert section and the thin-layered chert section.From the lower section to the upper , the concentrations of Al2O3,K2O and TiO2 display an increasing trend, but the concentrations of MnO and TFe fall down gradually.The REE distribution patterns are characterized with the low ΣREE, the negetive anomaly of Ce and Eu, and the decreasing of LREE/HREE with the samples up to the top sequence.Some trace elements including As,Sb,Hg are enriched, which are commonly associated with the hydrothermal process. All these suggest that the origins of chert are effected by both the hydrothermal process and hydrogeneous process, and that the hydrothermal process gradually play the main role in the upper section. Furthermore, the petrogenesis also suggests that the Gufeng layered chert formation correspond to the extensional backgroud in Late Paleozoic, and that it is a good indicator to study the geodynamic evolution in South China.


The present experiments showed that the jaw movements elicited by electricalstimulation of the jaw motor areas of the cerebral cortex in rabbits under urethaneanaesthesia could be partially or completely arrested by stimulation(0.6 ms mo-nophasic pulses at a frequency of 80—150 Hz,strength:1—7 V)of the solitarytract nucleus,the postrema area and the reticular formation at the level of the obex.The cortically induced jaw movements could often be increased by stimulation ofthe spinal trigeminal nucleus at the level of the obex.


The human race draws its ideas since the beginning from the nature. The situation is the same, when we talk about metallic foams. These materials have two bigger classes: the open, and the closed celled foams. As the second one if the cells nearly have the same form, the same size and the same relative position to each other, they are called syntactic foams. We studied the basic physical and mechanical properties of these materials like density, space filling factor, different microscopic features, hardness and answers for pressure tests. Our main goal was to recognize the basics of the glass hollow spheres filled aluminium matrix syntactic foam and the reaction for the high temperature pressure test compared to the lower (room) temperature results, furthermore planning a new industrial utilization.


Multimedia digital products,such as digital image,audio and video need a more efficient method for copyright protection.The watermark technology provides an efficient solution to these kinds of issues.The digital watermark technology embeds digitals,serial numbers,words and image logs into multimedia database in order to protect copyright information,secrete communication and product identifier,etc.A method to realize progressive digital watermark in JPEG2000 is introduced and the method is suitable for the character of progressive coding in JPEG2000.The method adapts the algorithm of coding of quadtree and the algorithm of transformation field.It is realized in VC6.0 and is proved to be effective by the experiment results.


The present report states the results accomplished by employing the method of activation with leaching out stage, proposed by the authors, to obtain activate...


In the globalization era, poverty is one of the world's fundamental problems, especially in developing countries. With living standards often poor in developing countries, poverty will only get worse in the future. Thus, the current study investigates the relationship between poverty with population growth, economic growth, income inequality, and the unemployment rate in Indonesia. The data used is data from 33 provinces compiled by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results showed that population growth positively affected poverty severity. The economic growth variable has a positive effect on the poverty rate. Income inequality has a positive effect on the poverty gap and poverty severity. Also, the unemployment rate variable positively affects the poverty rate, poverty gap, and poverty severity. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the government maintain stable population growth, create an economy that all groups can enjoy, equitable distribution of infrastructure, social and economic development, and provide more employment opportunities. In addition, a poverty alleviation policy is needed that is sustainable from time to time.


Sequence analysis of the influenza virus strains is important for molecular epidemiological studies and evolutional studies of influenza viruses as well as for the assessment of vaccine effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine and characterize predominant subtype of influenza A viruses among children attending Yangon Children's Hospital (YCH). It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at YCH. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 153 children who attended the hospital due to influenza-like illness (ILI) during January-December, 2016. Viral RNA was extracted by QIAamp® Viral Mini Kit. Matrix genes of influenza A and influenza B virus were detected by multiplex Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Influenza A virus matrix gene positive samples were subjected to subtyping. Predominant subtypes were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of their HA gene and neuraminidase (NA) gene. Influenza viruses were detected in about 14% of children with ILI. Among them, 55% showed influenza A virus positive and 45% showed influenza B virus positive. Influenza A (H3N2) virus was found to be predominant among influenza A virus positive children accounting for 83.4%. There was one case (8.3%) of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and one case (8.3%) of unsubtyped influenza A virus. Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA gene of two Myanmar strains of H3N2 subtype revealed that they belonged to clade 3C.2a1. They had 99.3-99.4% nucleotide identity with A/Hong Kong/ 4801/2014, vaccine strain of H3N2 subtype, that was contained in southern hemisphere influenza vaccine for 2016 and northern hemisphere vaccine for 2016-2017 season. This study generated information useful for the assessment of influenza outbreaks, selection of upcoming vaccine strains and further evolutionary and epidemiological studies on influenza viruses.


The preparation technology of nickel paste and thick-film humidity sensitive resistor is introduced.The electrode for the thick-film humidity sensitive resistor is prepared by nickel paste,then,the humidity characteristic of the thick-film humidity sensitive resistor and others with expensive metal paste is compared,it is found that the humidity sensitive characteristic of the thick-film humidity sensitive resistor is identical and the nickel paste is better than expensive matal paste in square resistance and adhesive intensity.


The paper established a new way that the content of wheat grain phytic acid was determined by anllnoniilln ferric sulfate-bipyridine colorimetric method.It would get a good result under the experimental conditions in which the sample weight is 25 mg and the heating time is 30 minutes.The coefficient variation was between 0.92%-2.68% on 5 trials in 3 samples.The internal standard experiment showed that the average return-ratio of phytic acid was 97.3% approximately.The determination result was significant difference to ferric chloride colorimetric method.Therefore,the method can be used for the rapid determination of wheat grain phytic acid content.


Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPTH) is a common endocrine disorder and an estimated 10% of cases are hereditary, related to syndromes including; multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1, MEN type 4, MEN2A and hereditary hyperparathyroidism‐jaw tumour syndrome. Establishing the underlying genetic cause for PHPTH allows for personalized and cost‐effective management. Familial hypocalicuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) is a benign disorder of hypercalcaemia associated with an inappropriately low urinary calcium excretion, which is quantified by the calcium creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR). Recent NHS England National Genomic Test Directory testing criteria for familial hyperparathyroidism state testing patients presenting with PHPTH and CCCR > 0.02 presenting (i) <35 years of age, or (ii) <45y with one of (a) multiglandular disease, or (b) hyperplasia on histology, or (c) ossifying fibroma(s) of the maxilla and/ or mandible, or (d) a family history of unexplained PHPTH. The testing criterion for FHH is a CCCR < 0.02.


Investing in education is the basis for the advancement ,prosperity and advancement of individuals and societies everytime and any where this is confirmed in practice by the experiences and policies of countries that focused on their path and development strategy and the priority of investing in people in general and education in particular . There is no doubt that education has an important role in building society ,whether it is related to graduating students and scientific competencies needed by society or to contribute to the formulation to the formulation and drawing of social and economic development plans and since the human element is one of the basic and important elements upon which development policiiesin all societies depend . Here highlights the importance of preparing and preparing human elements,and this can only be done through successful education as the conttibution of education to the development process depends on the quality of the human cadre and extent of its scientific validity to the requirements of society and its aspirations in terms of training ,qualification and training which directly reflected in achieving the desired development. In light of this ,education is an investment in human capital ,it brings benefits many are economic and uneconomic for individual and society as awhole. Among the benefits of education for individuals istheir high incomes in the labor market ,raising rates of economic growth, reducing poverty levels ,and achieving fairness in the disttibution of wealth ,this is called ( the monetary return )from education .on the other hand , education actualiy contributesto achieving many non – material gains that are no less than their material counter parts ,such as improving healthy behavior and good social and healthcare and the socialization of children ,and reducing crime and reducing rates and its spread and achieve harmony and social harmony among individuals ,preserving the environment and promting the values of good citizenship , and this is called a non- monetary return. Key words : Development experiences, Pioneering development policies,Development experiences in education,Pioneering development models


Disclosed is a supporting device for radiation therapy. The supporting device for radiation therapy according to the present invention, as the supporting device that is used to support a patient during a radiation therapy, comprises: a body plate where a lower part of a shoulder of the patient is located; and a head plate where a head of the patient is located, detachably combining to an upper part of the body plate, with a height of the head plate lower than that of the body plate. According to the present invention, the body plate and the head plate, which support a head to the end of a spinal cord, are securely combined to readily arrange parts from a neurocranium to a spinal cord in setting the position of a patient undergoing craniospinal irradiation (CSI).


Experimental study on cooling heat transfer of CO2 and CO2 -PAG mixture flowing in a horizontal micro-fin tube under the supercritical pressure conditions was performed. The test tube having the average inner diameter of 4.76 mm, the fin height of 0.245 mm, the number of fins of 50, the area expansion ratio of 2.08 was conducted in this study. The microfins of the test tube were treated in straight along the axes of the tube on the heat transfer surface. The heat transfer coefficients of pure CO2 were measured at conditions of 8 and 10 MPa in pressure and 340 – 660 kg/(m2 s) in mass velocity. The measured heat transfer coefficients of the micro-fin tube showed 1.7 times higher than that of smooth tube with 4.42 mm inner diameter. The effect of PAG on heat transfer characteristics were investigated experimentally at 10 MPa in pressure, 510 kg/(m2 s) in mass velocity and 0.06 to 2.26% in the mass percent concentration of PAG in CO2 -PAG mixture. The measured heat transfer coefficients of CO2 -PAG mixture decreased about 50% as compared with that of pure CO2 at the pseudocritical temperature.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Under the background of margilization,local economic development level of Nationality autonomous areas of the south and central China is obviously backward,on the one hand,this area is far from central cities and economic centers and has obvious characteristics with "administrative margilized economy",on the other hand,the policy difference makes the economy in this area have new backwardness.


In this paper, we propose an industrial symbiosis network equilibrium model by using nonlinear complementarity theory. The industrial symbiosis network consists of industrial producers, industrial consumers, industrial decomposers and demand markets, which imitates natural ecosystem by means of exchanging by-products and recycling useful materials exacted from wastes. The industrial producers and industrial consumers are assumed to be concerned with maximization of economic profits as well as minimization of emissions. We describe the optimizing behavior, derive optimality conditions of the various decision-makers along with respective economic interpretations and establish the nonlinear complementarity model in accordance with the industrial symbiosis network equilibrium conditions. Based on the existence proof of the corresponding nonlinear complementarity model under reasonable assumptions, two groups of numerical examples are given to illustrate the rationality as well as the effectiveness of the model.


Proper planning of preventive maintenance (PM) is crucial in many industries such as oil transmission pipelines, automotive and food industries. A critical decision in the PM plans is to determine frequencies and types of maintenance actions in order to achieve a certain level of system availability with a minimum total cost. For any given interval, a decision must be made to perform one of the three actions on each component; inspection, preventive repair and preventive replacement. Any of these activities has different effects on the reliability of the components and the corresponding distinct costs based on the required recourses. The intention of the authors is to develop a concept of supporting the process of planning and scheduling of preventive and proactive activities using the FMEA method for failure analysis. According to the concept of sustainable production, the failure will be assessed from different perspectives, not only in terms of production, but also considering operators and process safety as well as threats to the environment. The concept developed and presented in the paper in combination with IT support is the basis for risk assessment and establishment of cause and effect relationships to prevent failures and / or minimize their consequences.


The phase diagram of the binary system hydrogen‐water has been studied up to 30 GPa and 450 K. In this system, two new clathrate hydrate phases have recently been found, giving rise to at least five three‐phase lines and two quadruple points. Furthermore, several instances of metastability or slow transformations of phases have been identified. The phase behavior of the low‐pressure clathrate is in qualitative agreement with expectations based on simple thermodynamic arguments, whereas the high‐pressure clathrate is stable to unexpectedly high pressures.


In nine years the Combinatorics Initiative between San Francisco State University (SFSU) and the nation of Colom-bia has built an active community of more than two hundred mathematicians, most of whom are members of underrepresented groups in mathematics. More than fifty have pursued PhDs in mathematics, while others continue to be mathematics users, enthusiasts, and ambassadors in other fields and to encourage and inspire the next generation of scientists in their communities. This article tells our story and shares some lessons we have learned about broadening and deepening representation in mathematics. We begin by stating our axioms in the first section. We then outline our work in " SFSU-Colombia Combina-torics Initiative " and discuss our underlying sociopolitical framework and pedagogical strategies in " Deepening Representation. " I. The Axioms Let me begin with some axioms. I firmly believe in them, and I build my work upon them. Axiom 1. Mathematical talent is distributed equally among different groups, irrespective of geographic, demographic, and economic boundaries. Axiom 2. Everyone can have joyful, meaningful, and empowering mathematical experiences. Axiom 3. Mathematics is a powerful, malleable tool that can be shaped and used differently by various communities to serve their needs. Axiom 4. Every student deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. These statements should not sound revolutionary, but considering the current practices of the mathematical society, they are a pressing call to action. " Todos cuentan " means " Everybody counts. " Federico Ardila-Mantilla is professor of mathematics at San Fran-cisco State University and adjunct professor at Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia. His email address is firstname.lastname@example.com. Figure 1. A diverse group of more than two hundred mathematicians comprises the SFSU-Colombia Combinatorics Initiative. The SFSU-Colombia Combinatorics Initiative is a research and training collaboration that seeks to offer every interested student a challenging and supportive mathematical experience while planting seeds for the broader and deeper representation of different groups in mathematics. The Universidad de Los Andes is an elite private university in Colombia. Its math department is one of the country's strongest, and through scholarships it attracts some of the best-prepared students in the country. Most Los Andes participants in the program are undergraduates with very solid mathematics backgrounds but little understanding of what research looks like. About one fifth of them were members of the Colombian math olympiad team, which I coached for fifteen years. SFSU is a large public four-year university …


Mission trips from Ohio Northern University to the Dominican Republic during the past three years have involved running engineering workshops for teachers in secondary-level schools. These workshops included design challenges often found in a first year engineering course, discussions on learning styles, and methods of integrating an engineering mindset into the Dominican curriculum. Given the great desire on the part of the Dominican teachers to have access to continuing education, it was determined that methods of bringing content to the teachers through online modules would be investigated, as it has a great potential to make a large impact without incurring considerable expenditures. The proposed methodology involved modifying an existing assignment in a second semester introductory programming course (where a team of students develop an educational game) to create a term project which primarily incorporates internationally-focused STEM lesson plans designed by an upper-level engineering education elective course. It was found that online modules can be developed to be cost-effective, interactive, and educational for both the developers and audience. This paper will present the "first generation" of modules and student work. Possible alterations to this assignment and methods of implementing successful modules will also be discussed.


This paper presents a multi-relay Amplification Forwarding(AF) cooperative node selection algorithm based on Residual Power(RP),which jointly considers the Channel State Information(CSI) and the residual energy information of nodes to optimize the network lifetime,uses the weighting function and the channel capacity gain threshold to select the relay set.Simulation results show that both dynamic relay power distribution and fixed relay power distribution,performance reached the best while selecting the 3~4 relays.Relative to only considering the CSI node selection algorithm,this algorithm is able to extend network lifetime up to 82% under dynamic relay power distribution and 4 relay numbers.


Purpose – To show and analyse the concept, practice, problems and prospects of father leadership in Singapore. The study also proposes such practices in Asian countries.Design/methodology/approach – The focus group participants, were mostly of experienced corporate and business leaders, and did not represent a cross‐section of the population; they were made of business people because of the peculiarities of Singapore's history and economy.Findings – The Singapore Government leads the way and father leadership is widely practiced. An analysis is also made of the management approach, problems and prospects of father leadership as practised in Singapore with its practices proposed in other Asian countries.Research limitations/implications – Limitations include time and costs constraints; otherwise more focus group sessions can be held and the focus group participants, mostly of experienced corporate and business leaders, did not represent a cross‐section of the population; they were made of business people b...


Despite improvements in screening and therapeutic options, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the third‐worst mortality rate, highlighting the need for better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been conferred with a greater likelihood of metastasis in multiple cancers, specifically identified through markers like Zeb‐1 and Twist‐1. Zeb‐1 (Zinc Finger E‐Box Binding Homeobox 1) was shown to repress E‐cadherin expression, consequently inducing EMT.


Beer Bike judge Mark Kulstad, professor in Rice University's Department of Philosophy, with two assistants, watching a member of the Hanszen College Women's Chug Team, Rice University. The contestant is leaning back, tipping a slim laboratory beaker to her mouth, while one of the assistants times her with a stopwatch. All the students are wearing tee-shirts with a variety of logos and illustrations on them. Original resource is a black and white slide.


In this paper, we present a method for ranking of two exponential pentagon numbers. In this study a new cardinality between exponential fuzzy numbers is proposed cardinality in this relatively simple and easier in computation and ranks various types of exponential fuzzy numbers. For this results of the proposed approach to calculate Hungarian Assignment problems.


INTRODUCTION In 1952, Hartmann' described a potential hemorrhagic diathesis in some patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease?. The hemorrhagic diathesis was attr ibuted to impairment of clot retraction due t o thrombocytopenia, low blood fibrinogen (Factor I ) and a n increased volume of packed red blood cells (hematocrit) . Moderate reduction of prothrombin (Factor 11) , prolonged whole-blood clotting-time and increased fibrinolytic activity were noted in some of the cases. These hematologic abnormalities were present in all age groups, but serious postoperative hemorrhage following cardiac surgery and presumably attributable to the hematologic abnormalities occurred only in adults or adolescents. Favre-Gilly et al.? stressed the importance of hypoprothrombinemia as the cause of bleeding in patients with cyanotic congenital hear t disease and attributed the impairment of clot retraction to the high hematocrit values. Van Creveld3 reported a reduction of proaccelerin (Factor V) in two cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease tha t also had marked thrombocytopenia, secondary polycythemia, hypofibrinogenemia and impaired clot retraction. Alagille and colleagues' studied 50 cases of congenital heart disease (20 cyanotic and 30 acyanotic) and stressed the occurrence of qualitative abnormalities of the platelets without thrombocytopenia. Proaccelerin deficiency was noted in some of their cases with cyanosis and secondary polycythemia, but only one had thrombocytopenia (platelets 100,000 per mm.:'). Raby" reported normal platelet levels in 77 cases of congenital heart disease but did not comment upon the presence or absence of cyanosis in these cases. The present report summarizes the hematologic findings in 143 cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease studied since the report by Hartmann'


Background: The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers is little understood and any effects on caregiver strain remain unclear. This paper examines these relationships in an Australian sample. Methods: Using the generic EuroQol (EQ-5D) and disease-specific Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 Item (PDQ39), HRQoL was evaluated in a sample of 97 people with PD and their caregivers. Caregiver strain was assessed using the Modified Caregiver Strain Index. Associations were evaluated between: (i) caregiver and care-recipient HRQoL; (ii) caregiver HRQoL and caregiver strain, and; (iii) between caregiver strain and care-recipient HRQoL. Results: No statistically significant relationships were found between caregiver and care-recipient HRQoL, or between caregiver HRQoL and caregiver strain. Although this Australian sample of caregivers experienced relatively good HRQoL and moderately low strain, a significant correlation was found between HRQoL of people with PD and caregiver strain (rho 0.43, p< .001). Conclusion: Poor HRQoL in people with PD is associated with higher strain in caregivers. Therapy interventions may target problems reported as most troublesome by people with PD, with potential to reduce strain on the caregiver. Background Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregivers in Australia, or of the level of strain experienced by family caregivers of people with PD. This paper investigates those issues and explores their relationships. Informal caregivers are estimated to provide some $AUD30 billion support annually to people with disabilities in Australia alone [1]. In the USA, this figure was estimated to be as high as $US375 billion in 2007 [2] and currently £119 billion in the UK [3]. In the case of PD, family members and particularly spouses are usually the primary caregivers [4,5]. Their support often enables people with PD to remain at home despite increasing disability, significantly reducing the costs associated with a move to residential care [5,6]. Together with physical assistance, family members can provide emotional and practical support that helps maintain better quality of life in the person with PD and may reduce morbidity and mortality [7]. The vital support provided by informal caregivers is not always without cost to the carers. There is a growing body of literature detailing some of the negative sequelae of PD on some caregivers' lives. People providing care for others with advanced PD have demonstrated an increased incidence of depression [8,9], diminished quality of life [10], reduced economic circumstances [11,12] and reduced physical [5] and mental health [5,10,13]. These and other factors brought about by stress and burden can combine to cause increased levels of caregiver * Correspondence: email@example.com Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia 3010 National Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Center for Movement Disorders and Gait, and Victorian Comprehensive Parkinson's Program, Kingston Centre, Warrigal Road, Cheltenham, VIC, Australia 3192 Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2012 Kelly et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Kelly et al. BMC Neurology 2012, 12:57 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/12/57


In this paper, a new dynamic recurrent online sequential-extreme learning machine (DROS-ELM) OS-ELM with differential vector-kernel based principal component analysis (DV-KPCA) fault recognition approach is proposed to reconstruct the process feature and detect the process faults for real-time nonlinear system. Toward this end, the differential vector plus KPCA is first proposed to reduce the dimension of process data and enlarge the feature difference. In DV-KPCA, the differential vector is the difference between the input sample and the common sample, which is obtained from the historical data and represents the common invariant properties of the class. The optimal feature vectors of input sample and the common sample are obtained by KPCA procedure for the difference vectors. Through the differential operation between the input vectors and the common vectors, the reconstructed feature is derived by calculating the two-norm distance for the result of differential operation. The reconstructed features are then utilized to detect the process faults that may occur. In order to enhance the accuracy of fault recognition, a new DROS-ELM is developed by adding a self-feedback unit from the output of hidden layer to the input of hidden layer to record the sequential information. In the DROS-ELM, the output weight of feedback layer is updated dynamically by the change rate of output of the hidden layer. The DV-KPCA for feature reconstruction is exemplified using UCI handwriting (UCI handwriting recognition data: Database, using "Pen-Based Recognition of Handwritten Digits" produced in the Department of Computer Engineering Bogazici University, Istanbul 80815, Turkey, 1998), which the classification accuracy is obviously enhanced. Meanwhile, the DROS-ELM for process prediction is tested by the sunspot data from 1700 to 1987, which also shows better prediction accuracy than common methods. Finally, the new joint DROS-ELM with DV-KPCA method is exemplified in the complicated Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process to illustrate the efficiencies. The results show that the DROS-ELM with DV-KPCA shows superiority not only in detection sensitivity and stability but also in timely fault recognition.


Although the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus , is a commercially valuable sturgeon species of the Caspian Sea, but there are only few reports about its parasite fauna in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. In this study, a total of 209 individuals of Persian sturgeon were collected from two regions in the southwestern of Caspian Sea (Guilan Province, Iran) from March 2009 to May 2011. After recording their biometric characteristics, standard necropsy and parasitology methods were used for finding parasites. The nematodes were fixed in 70% ethanol and then cleared in lactophenol. The other worms were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with aqueous acetocarmine. In this study, a total of 1396 worms belonging to six species, including two nematode species viz. Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Eustrongylides excisus , two cestodes viz. Amphilina foliacea and Bothrimonus fallax , one digenean trematode, namely Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus , and one acanthocephalan, namely Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus were found in 209 examined Persian sturgeons.


The Tasmanian Law Reform Institute is currently looking at the issue of hedges
or trees that block the view or solar access of people in the near vicinity. Should
Tasmania, as has already occurred in New SouthWales, Queensland and New
Zealand, proactively legislate to provide a resolution to this type of dispute
between neighbours, or is it a situation where a person should be entitled to do
as they please with their land? What we learn from a comparative examination
is that the idea that a person's home is their castle is now being softened as
perceived community responsibilities impinge. What any legislative regime
must do is sensitively balance a person's right to privacy with the wishes of a
neighbour who wants to retain the aesthetic and economic value of a view or
solar access. Drawing such a balance will inevitably bring out divergent
opinions and can itself lead to conflict.What must be achieved in any proposed
regime is a cure that is not worse than the disease it is seeking to remedy.


A subclass of dynamical systems with a time rate of change of acceleration are called Newtonian jerky dynamics. Some mechanical and acoustic systems can be interpreted as jerky dynamics. In this paper we show that the jerk dynamics are naturally obtained for electrical circuits using the fractional calculus approach with order . We consider fractional LC and RL electrical circuits with for different source terms. The LC circuit has a frequency dependent on the order of the fractional differential equation , since it is defined as , where is the fundamental frequency. For , the system is described by a third-order differential equation with frequency , and assuming the dynamics are described by a fourth differential equation for jerk dynamics with frequency .


This article reviews judicial attitudes with regard to the constitutionality of aid for children in religiously affiliated non-public schools. The first part highlights the extent to which the Supreme Court appears to have turned the corner in its willingness to examine the effective use of resources in regular education rather than just the acceptability of aid. The second section reviews how Congressional and regulatory activities have contributed to lower court decisions that continue to focus on the narrow issues of how much money can be spent and the appropriate locations for the delivery of services to children who attend religiously affiliated non-public schools rather than the quality of education that they may be eligible to receive. Given the distinctions between the ways in which children in religiously affiliated non-public schools are treated based on whether they have disabilities, this article examines recent legal trends in considering whether there will be a new era in providing children ...


RF switches based on fully depleted (FD) SOI technology are reported for the first time. In a novel biasing circuit, the conventional bias resistor at the gate of the series MOSFET switch is replaced with another FET, which functions as a variable resistor and presents different resistance optimal for the on-and off-state. The low parasitic capacitance of FDSOI improved the switch performance and the dynamic biasing further increased the saturated power. At 5 GHz, a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch with integrated control circuits has 0.75-dB of insertion loss and 39-dB of isolation. The 1-dB-compression power of this dynamically biased SPDT switch approaches 2 W at 5 GHz.


The ice detection system resolves six distinct surface states, from dry surface to wet ice, with corresponding friction levels. The system may also present ice and water layer thickness, which may be useful for aquaplaning alerts or for controlling salt dispensing on icy roads. Remote detection allows mounting of ice detectors at a distance from the road or, alternatively, for ice detection at surfaces that are difficult to access, or for ice detection on moving objects.


To investigate the properties of thermotropic material, Spectral and radiation transmittance and thermally induced switching temperature of a novel kind of thermotropic material developed by a different mixing proportion of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and pure water were measured. Measurements shows that thermally induced switching temperatures of four samples of such material are between 25 °C ∼40 °C. Radiation transmittance was tested on samples of thermotropic double glazing window, double glazing window and Low-E double glazing window. Results show that thermotropic double-glazed window with the optimum mixing proportion of HPMC, NaCl and pure water of 2∶10∶100 by mass reduces radiation transmittance at fully turbid state by up to 72% and 32%, respectively, compared to the ordinary double-glazed window and Low-E double-glazed window which do not have adjustable radiation transmittance, and its radiation transmittance changed from transparent state to light scattering state is up to 60%.


Growing awareness of students to love their own culture is not easy, there needsto be an effort to introduce. Culture-oriented learning supported by relevant teaching materials is an articative to the answer. The purpose of this research is the development of  IPS elementary teaching material  based on  Siak Malay songket weaving. It is expected that with the development of teaching materials students will develop a love for their own culture, especially about the weaving of Malay Siak songket and can also increase learning activities. Teaching material products  can be used in social studies learning for fourth grade elementary school students, especially on the theme of "The beauty of togetherness" with the sub-theme of "cultural diversity of my people". This research used research and development or RD (2) Design and; (3) Develop, and (4) Disseminate. The results showed that the development of teaching materials that have been developed are feasible to be used and are also practical. This was evidenced by the validity of teaching materials seen from: 1) the feasibility of the contents of 93.7 2) the language convention of 93.7 3) the presentation of 87.5 and 4) the 86 graphics, which obtained an average score of 90.2. while for practicality which was seen from the response of students obtained each statement was in the range of 75 to 93.75 which was included in the category of practical and very practical thus the practicality percentage of 87.5. Then it can be concluded that the development of teaching materials  is feasible and practical to be used for elementary social studies learning in grade IV primary schools.


In this paper, a composite control method is proposed to solve the voltage instability of nonlinear systems in distributed DC microgrids (MGs). The electrical coupling of each distributed generators (DGs) and the load uncertainties are considered as a lumped disturbance in each subsystem. It can be effectively estimated by the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO). Then, a domination controller is designed for stabilizing DC/DC boost converter feeding constant power loads (CPLs). The proposed controller can guarantee fast voltage convergence in the sense of large signal stability. Moreover, by a consensus algorithm, the internal voltage state of DGs can be dynamically updated, and the voltage deviation caused by the droop control can be compensated in secondary layer. Therefore, a distributed microgrid (MG) model is established by simulation. A variety of conditions are conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed distributed large signal stabilization algorithm.


The effect of low energy proton irradiation induced damage on the near interface of the Pd/n-GaAs Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) has been studied using I-V and C-V characteristics. The reverse leakage current increases as a function of irradiation fluences. Annealing the irradiated SBDs helps to anneal out the irradiation induced defects. Annealing mechanism of the defects in the irradiated SBDs with different fluences are discussed. Unirradiated SBDs annealed at 673 K depict ohmic behavior, which is attributed to the formation of thin heavily doped GaAs layer at the interface. But for the annealed (673 K) irradiated SBDs, improved device characteristics has been observed when compared with the as irradiated device characteristics. A decrease in the capacitance has been observed in the irradiated and annealed SBDs for the fluences 1×10 14 , 1×10 15 and 1×10 16 p cm -2 . For higher incident particle fluences (1×10 15 and 1×10 16 p cm -2 ) an increase in the capacitance has been observed compared to 1×10 14 p cm -2 fluence.


The seepage problem with a free surface is solved by combining the hybrid boundary node method(HBNM) and iterative method.The HBNM is based on a hybrid displacement variational principle and moving least square(MLS) approximation.The domain variables are interpolated by fundamental solution,while the boundary variables are approximated by MLS.Therefore,the HBNM is a truly boundary-type meshless method.Only nodes on the boundary are required and any mesh is not required.At first,the initial position of free surface is assumed;then the solution is obtained by the iterative method.The numerical example indicates that this method has high precision,little computation work;and it is suitable for solving various seepage problems with free surfaces.


The research was raised with the need to promote values in children initial level 2, School of Basic Education "21 de Abril" city of Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 2014-2015 school year. For which the objective was to determine the parody and practice of values in children. From this point it is disclosed justification where it is expressed that research, variables with their respective characteristics theory and study, this is to define the dramatization and the practice of values. the scientific method was proposed to analyze the various concepts and techniques that can be applied in those through dramatization, the type of research is descriptive, correlational and bibliographical – documentary that highlight the importance of the practice of values the quasi-experimental research design for nature and complexity of the subject in turn allows us to observe two groups: the experimental and working group. The population of this research consists of twenty-seven children and girls who are part and cause of the problem. The technique used is direct to the individual, they work with the observation sheet consisting of 10 items. After applying the instrument, it was proceeded with tabulating data that were expressed in tables and graphs, once analyzed, the information was interpreted obtaining the statistical results which proved the stated objective. In conclusion, the educative unit will give more importance to the formation of values through dramatization technique to promote a healthy coexistence in the environment that children develop


Highly regioregular conducting polymers such as poly(3-substituted thiophene)s (rrP3STs) are an important class of π-conjugated polymers that can be used in plastic electronic devices such as solar cells and field-effect transistors. But the current state of the art syntheses of rrP3STs all involve transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of a heteroaryl halide or pseudohalide with a heteroaryl organometallic reagent. In this work, an efficient and mild method was developed using direct cross-coupling of sp2 C–H bonds. More importantly, the method not only gave generally high regioregularity (up to 99%) but also can be applied for a series of substrate compounds with various structures and substituted groups. This should provide a general and direct way for the easy access to many functional/conducting polymers.


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [(C5H4N)3C(C5H5N)][RuCl4(CH3CN)2]·CH3CN, contains one 2-[tris(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]pyridinium cation, one trans-bis(acetonitrile)tetrachloridoruthenate(III) anion and one acetonitrile solvent molecule. The RuIII ion is coordinated by four Cl− anions in the equatorial plane and by two acetonitrile ligands in the axial positions, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. The cation, the monoprotonated species of tetrakis(pyridin-2-yl)methane, forms an intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond between the pyridinium ring and one of the pyridine rings. The complex anions are linked to each other via C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating sheet parallel to the ac plane. A C—H⋯N hydrogen bond between the cation and the anion is also observed. The solvate acetonitrile molecule forms C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, respectively, with the cation and the anion.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To investigate the support needs identified by Taiwanese breast cancer diagnosed mothers for themselves and their 6-12-year-old children for implementation in a support group.

BACKGROUND
Mothers with dependent children are burdened with diverse child-centered concerns while battling breast cancer. A better understanding of the concomitant support needs of mothers and their children can yield tailored support for ill mothers and their children.

DESIGN
A qualitative descriptive study employing content analysis of collected data.

METHODS
Between February and June of 2020, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 20 mothers who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the last 2 years. Qualitative content analysis was used. This study followed the COREQ guidelines.

RESULTS
Ill mothers favoured a hybrid format for support groups, consisting of mother-only, child-only, and mother-child group sessions. The content analysis yielded four themes for mother-only group sessions: (1) learning to reach out to children; (2) dealing with negative emotions; (3) how to say goodbye to children; and (4) resetting for the future. Three themes related to child-only group sessions emerged: (1) emotional and health education; (2) getting along with a sick mother; and (3) preparing for uncertainty. The core theme for mother-child group sessions was relationship enhancement.

CONCLUSION
The findings revealed that mother-reported support needs of ill mothers and their children included support for improving children's emotional well-being and mothers' emotional coping, preparing for uncertainty, and promoting intimacy in the mother-child relationship.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
A relation-focused approach to psychosocial support group development that allows mother-child mutual influences on each other's coping to be addressed bilaterally is suggested.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Mothers diagnosed with breast cancer were interviewed for data collection and invited to review and validate the synthesised data for enhancing the credibility of the study.