There is a global agreement on the benefits of early childhood education, including poverty alleviation, and a growing consensus around mobilising resources for early childhood services based on needs established on data (Britto et al. 2018). However, the way 'data' and 'evidence' are constructed and the kind of data practices that are used warrants closer attention. While centralised population-based data are necessary for general planning, allocation of resources and identifying areas needing policy input, exclusive reliance on this kind of data-driven policy and decisionmaking can risk depoliticising early childhood policy (Dahlberg & Moss 2005; Morabito, Vandenbroeck & Roose 2013) and silencing broad, continuous and necessary debates about early childhood services. More specifically, it leaves little space for discussions regarding notions and values underpinning early childhood provision, such as the competing understandings of childhood and society promoted by diverse communities, and the values, which inform funding strategies. While challenges to the global consensus and policy decisions involving data use can be found in the literature (Campbell-Barr, Lavelle & Wickett 2012; Cannella, Pèrez & Lee 2016; Dahlberg, Moss & Pence 1999; Millei & Gallagher 2017; Penn 2010; Roberts-Holmes 2015), there is little critical attention being given to this issue in South Africa. The acclaim for the long-awaited integrated early childhood services and increased government funding promised in the South African 2015 National Integrated Early Childhood Development Policy (NIECDP) (RSA 2015) has overshadowed critical response to the specific policy choices and programme options that are defined and delivered on particular presentations of data. By relying solely on centralised planning, the NIECDP constrains space for beneficiaries to contribute more refined data generated Background: In 1994, the African National Congress identified early childhood development as a potential strategy to redress the inequalities of apartheid, however, two and a half decades later, poverty still persists, and South Africa is one of the most unequal countries in the world.


The paper put forward a control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)based on control theory of backstepping and sliding-mode variable structure,theoretically analyzed the control strategy,and did simulation experiment with Matlab.The simulation result showed that the control strategy can realize tracking control of motor rotating speed effectively,which has better dynamic and static performance and good robust performance.


Spitzer mid-infrared images of the dusty warped disk in the galaxy Centaurus A show a parallelogram-shaped structure. We successfully model the observed mid-infrared morphology by integrating the light from an emitting, thin, and warped disk, similar to that inferred from previous kinematic studies. The models with the best match to the morphology lack dust emission within the inner 0.1-0.8 kpc, suggesting that energetic processes near the nucleus have disturbed the inner molecular disk, creating a gap in the molecular gas distribution.


It has been shown that in the isolated perfused mammary gland the blood flow is often lower than that measured through the gland in situ in anaesthetized animals (Linzell, 1950; Hebb & Linzell, 1951). In an "investigation of the secretory activity of the perfused udder of the goat (Cargill-Thompson, Drury, Hardwick, Linzell & Tucker, 1958), it was felt desirable to know the blood flow through the udder of the conscious animal in order to assess the importance of this factor in the reduced level of milk secretion that is characteristic of this preparation. Figures were also needed for 02 consumption and for the uptake of some milk precursors. Apart from one figure quoted by Graham (1937), which was given without the weight of the tissue, the only published figures for udder blood flow in the conscious goat are those of Jung (1932a, b, 1933) who found values of 5-5-7*2 ml./100 g/min and Vladimirova (1955) who gives 4-18-7 for conscious and anaesthetized animals. These values were obtained with stromuhrs in animals held down on their sides and are considerably lower than those obtained earlier in the anaesthetized lactating goat (30-60 ml./ 100 g/min) by Linzell (1954). A number of indirect measurements based on the uptake, from analysis of arterial and venous blood samples, of substances appearing in the milk (reviewed by Folley, 1949) have indicated that the ratio of blood flow to milk yield is about 500: 1 in the cow and goat. This would indicate absolute flows of at least 30 ml./100 g/min. In view of these discrepancies it was decided to make new blood-flow measurements at different stages of the reproductive cycle in goats trained to stand quietly without restraint in the laboratory.


We discuss a new way of evaluating the performance of a statistical estimation procedure. This consists of investigating the maximal set where a given procedure has a given rate of convergence. Although the setting is not vastly different from the minimax context, it is in a sense less pessimistic and provides a functional set which is authentically connected to the procedure and the model. We also investigate more traditional concerns about procedures: oracle inequalities. Difficulties arise in the practical definition of this notion when the loss function is not the L2 norm. We explain these difficulties and suggest a new definition in the case of Lp norms and pointwise estimation. We investigate the connections between maxisets and local oracle inequalities, and prove that verifying a local oracle inequality implies that the maxiset automatically contains a prescribed set linked with the oracle inequality. We have investigated the consequences of this statement on well-known efficient adaptive methods: wavelet thresholding and local bandwidth selection. We prove local oracle inequalities for these methods and draw conclusions about the maxisets associated with them.


Abstract Background Community-acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) infections are an evolving public health problem. Identifying predictive risk factors may improve patient management. Methods We identified 251 adult inpatients admitted to a 22-hospital system with an ESBL urinary tract infection (UTI) between 2001 and 2016. Cases were matched 1:1 with controls who had a UTI at admission with non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae. Cases with a history of ESBL infections or hospitalization within 3 months of index admission were excluded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with ESBL UTIs. Results In univariate analysis, history of repeated UTIs, neurogenic bladder, urinary catheter presence at admission, and exposure to outpatient third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones within 3 months were associated with higher risk of ESBL UTIs. When controlling for severity of illness and comorbid conditions, history of repeated UTIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.42–12.66; P < .001), presence of urinary catheter at admission (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.15–4.98; P < .05), and prior antibiotic exposure (aOR, 7.98; 95% CI, 2.92–28.19; P < .001) remained associated with risk of ESBL infection. Conclusions Patients in the community with indwelling urinary catheters, history of recurrent UTIs, or recent antimicrobial use are at higher risk for de novo ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs.


By designing the spacing between the mild detonating fuse(MDF) strands and the standoff distance from the strands to the shell, the impluse with a nearly cosine distribution was obtained around the shell, and the experimental device for studying the structural response of cylindrical shells under MDF impulse loading was designed, then the experiments of structural response of cylindrical shells was tested. The measured residual deformation of the shells was located between about ±70°, and the maximum radial compression occured along the 0° direction.


Trustworthy network is a new direction of Internet research.This paper analyses current challenge on trustworthy network and points out that virtualization is one of the most efficient way to carry out the research.The authors overview the network virtualization technology and its application in trustworthy network research.Because current network virtualization technology has some shortages for trustworthy network,such as resource management,the authors propose a new virtual network element model—VBN(Virtual Big Node).In this model,multiple network nodes can be aggregated to one VBN,and many virtual mechanisms are applied on it.VBN can decrease network complexity efficiently and enhance survivability and controllability of network transport service as well.


In the present study we used isolated perfused AV-node of rabbit as an experimental model to determine the effect of various concentrations of extract of C. sativus (A = 9×10⁻², B = 19×10⁻², C = 28×10⁻², D = 37×10⁻² mg L⁻¹) on electrophysiological properties of isolated heart. Selective stimulation protocols were used to independently quantify AV nodal recovery, facilitation and fatigue in 12 rabbits. Our results showed concentration dependent depressant effects of aqueous extract of C. sativus on Wenchebach Cycle Length (WBCL), AV Conduction Time (AVCT), Functional Refractory Periods (FRP). C. sativus (28×10-2 mg L-1) prolonged AVCT from 44.4±5 (control) to 52.2±4 m sec, Rate-dependent properties such as Facilitation and fatigue significantly increased by 19×10⁻² mg L ⁻¹ of C. sativus. In control group magnitude of fatigue was 6.7±0.6 and increased by Saffron to 20±11.5 (p< 0.05). The effect of extract was prominent on fast pathway. The above results indicated differential effects of C. sativus on slow and fast pathways which has a dominant role on the fast pathway. This research for the first time has explained the role of saffron on the protective mechanism of artrioventricular node against supraventricular arrhythmia. These results showed the non-specific effect of saffron on the transitional cells of fast nodal pathway which was manifested as a rate-independent increase of basic and functional (facilitation and fatigue) parameters of artrioventricular node. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.


Accidents or surgery often cause internal haemorrhage in liver and arteries which may lead to patient morbidity and mortality. The current hemostatic agents used for treatment like collagen, oxidized cellulose, and chitosan suffer from side effects which include infection, inflammation and even sepsis. In the present study, we studied the spray dried powder (SDP) of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob., commonly known as Siam weed or Common floss flower and also Christmas bush, for its hemostatic efficacy in two experimental models of surgery. Firstly, the SDP was screened through standard pharmacognostical parameters, and a part of the liver was lacerated in rats and femoral artery was transected in rabbits to assess the blood loss in pre-weighed gauze with and without treatment. In the liver laceration model, an effective blood loss reduction of 54.30 % was observed with oral administration of SDP 7 days prior to surgery. Similarly, application of SDP at the site of artery transection caused 70.36% reduction in blood loss as compared to the control rabbit artery. The results suggest that oral delivery and/or application of SDP of C. odorata by formulating it in a suitable drug delivery tool could minimize perioperative bleeding in hepatic and arterial tissue and improve recovery.


This is the first of a two part study examining the connection of the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM (Atmospheric General Circulation Model), with simulated equatorial surface wind stresses over the Pacific. The AGCM used in this study forms part of a newly developed coupled forecasting system used at NASA's Seasonal- to-Interannual Prediction Project. Here we describe the model and present results from a 20-year (1979-1999) AMIP-type experiment forced with observed SSTs (Sea Surface Temperatures). Model results are compared them with available observational data sets. The climatological pattern of extra-tropical planetary waves as well as their ENSO-related variability is found to agree quite well with re-analysis estimates. The model's surface wind stress is examined in detail, and reveals a reasonable overall simulation of seasonal interannual variability, as well as seasonal mean distributions. However, an excessive annual oscillation in wind stress over the equatorial central Pacific is found. We examine the model's divergent circulation over the tropical Pacific and compare it with estimates based on re-analysis data. These comparisons are generally good, but reveal excessive upper-level convergence in the central Pacific. In Part II of this study a direct examination of individual terms in the AGCM's momentum budget is presented. We relate the results of this analysis to the model's simulation of surface wind stress.


Water is not only essential to life in every form, but throughout history it has been a fundamental means of production for populations, used for trade, defence, transportation, industry and recreation, hence determining the topographical character of urban areas. In the post-industrial society, though, the use of water for aesthetic pleasure in urban planning and architectural design has increasingly prevailed on other functions since the origin and development of the leisure and tourism industry and, finally, leading to the transformation of the meanwhile abandoned urban industrial waterfronts. However, many contemporary experimental urban and architectural projects are addressing water from different perspectives and introducing new modes of thinking and practices that will radically change our relationship with this natural resource. The aim of this work is to pinpoint and to analyse these developing approaches, which unveil possible paths of design innovation: using existing urban water as building ground to relieve space for a new density, in order to respond flexibly to the growing urbanization prospects and to the effects of the ongoing climate change; employing water as a material for passive sustainable design strategies and as a resource to preserve, conserve and reuse in integrated solutions for water sensitive urban design. Selected case studies are disclosed to present these new forms of building with water, at the different scales, showing how environmental concerns are combined with the perceptual, symbolic and metaphorical values of this elemental material.


The magnetic and electromagnetic shields are used to reduce the magnetic field in local spaces. Usually these shields are implemented in the form of a box or a cylinder. At the same time the magnetic field reduction in local spaces by means of passive loops is not considered in detail yet. So, the present study considers shielding capabilities of a circular passive loop. The authors have performed an analytical and numerical modeling of a process of a uniform harmonic magnetic field shielding. The simulated results permit to find out the spatial distribution of the shielded magnetic field. Dependencies of shielding effectiveness on the passive loop radius and cross-section are determined. Moreover, the non-monotonic behavior of the loop radius dependence is shown. We have substantiated that the shielded volume of a circular passive loop is advisable to limit by the sphere with a half loop radius. Presented results give parameters of the circular passive loop that reduces the rms value of the magnetic flux density by 30 %


POSTOPERATIVE WOUNO DEHISCESCE and incisional hernia develop after gynecologic operations sufficiently often to merit the attention of the gynecologic surgeon as well as that of any surgeon who operates on the abdomen. In 145s cases of wound disruption studied by Hartzell and IVinfield, gynecologic and obstetric operations were causative factors in 15.1 per cent. Obney reported that pelvic operations were second only to appendectomy as a cause of incisional hernia and accounted for 29.5 per cent of his 192 cases. The actual incidence of wound dehiscence was found by Hull and Hankins to be 0.26 per cent, or 5 of 1810 gynecologic operations. Tweedie and Long noted that 0.51 per cent of 5166 gynecologic wounds and 0.14 per cent of 1131 cesarean s&tion wounds disrupted. By comparison, they obtained ~1 incidence of dehiscence of 0.45 per cent in general surgical cases. Disruption of a wound during the postoperative period or the development of an incisional hernia subsequent to operation may be caused by essentially the same pathologic process. Indeed, the same etiologic factors are cited in the literature for each condition: those which increase the intra-abdominal pressure, such as cough, distention, or vomiting: those which weaken the tissues and delay wound healing; and faulty closure of the wound, whereby a portion of the intra-abdominal contents is forced through the peritoneum, thus initiating the process. More superficial layers may in turn give way. until at last the wound breaks open completely and evisceration occurs. If, however, some of the layers hold, such as the skin and subcutaneous tissue, evisceration does not occur and instead a postoperative incisional hernia results. The initiating or predisposing factors listed by various writers for either dehiscence or incisional hernia are old age;z. i. O. '1. 13. 1' obesit),;'. i. I:: protein deficiency, anemia, poor nutrition, vitamin deficiency, and chronic or debilitating disease;'-3. J. i. n. '1.13.I' malignant dis-


Introduction: High precision rover traverse data are critical to Mars surface exploration. A bundle adjustment (BA)-based rover localization method has been developed and employed for the MER 2003 mission [1]. Rover positions could also be estimated by matching a ground image orthophoto to a HiRISE orthophoto. HiRISE orthophotos have been generated on Mars by both the U.S. Geological Survey [2] and the Ohio State Mapping and GIS Laboratory [3]. Furthermore, Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data are used as ground control to generate HiRISE orthophoto with a better accuracy. In this paper, we estimate the differences in traverse positions between two methods: BA-based versus HiRISE-based methods. BA-based rover localization: There are four camera systems mounted on both of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers: Navcam (navigation camera), Pancam (panoramic camera), Hazcam (hazardavoidance camera) and MI (Microscopic Imager). A ground image network of Navcam and Hazcam images has been built for Spirit rover localization by using selected tie points and landmarks to link all available rover images (Figure 1).


Grounded theory research is often described as the foundation for subsequent deductive studies that test out the resulting theory or interventions based on it. Another view, however, is that an initial grounded theory study can serve as the basis for a series of such studies in a program of research that seeks to modify, to verify, and to elaborate on the evolving theory. This article aims to (a) present an example of a program of research on infertility whereby a grounded theory of identity of self as an infertile person was developed and elaborated on, and (b) raise theoretical questions about grounded theory methodology in an effort to advance our thinking about this methodology and how it can contribute to theory generation through linked studies in a program of research.


Irish schooling faces significant challenges into the future. Ireland's is not a perfect system, no more than any other schooling system in the world. While perfection is not achievable, it is incumbent on every society to apply its best efforts to ensuring that the school system is as good as possible so that that this and future generations are assisted at achieving their potentials. The thirteen chapters of this Review paint a very creditable picture of how Irish schooling policy and provision has been evolving and of the manner in which this is being achieved. The various stakeholders and educational partners, in this small island state, have focussed constructively in establishing the present structure. Each of the categories reviewed indicates that Ireland's educational system is on the cusp of major attempts at reform. Building on a range of accumulated achievements, it is poised for qualitative breakthroughs on a range of fronts. The thirteen chapters consist of the following: Introduction; Teaching and Learning; Early Childhood Education; Curriculum; Assessment: Primary and Junior Cycle; Transition from Second Level to Higher Education; Educational Leadership and Governance; The School System: Equality, Inclusion and Rights; The Changing Role of the Inspectorate; Initial Teacher Education and Induction; Professional Development; The Financing and Resourcing of Education at Primary and Post-Primary Levels: What Can We Learn from the OECD's Education at a Glance?


In this article, three issues relating to leading composite indicators (LCI) are discussed: their importance, methods of estimation and uses by institutions worldwide. This discussion is utilised to provide lessons that could be learnt for the application of these indicators to the countries of the Caribbean. The principal message of this material is that in this geographical area, LCI would be important tools for economic decision makers to employ to forecast the future state of the economy. This option should be pursued vigorously by putting the necessary resources into developing the high frequency real sector data that is required for a successful application of the LCI methodology.


The applied work described here work fits Kurt Lewin's definition of "action research." Specifically, the experiments involved intervening into a system in crisis with an independent variable aimed at reducing or resolving the crisis. Moreover, the intervention was a teachable procedure that the system could continue to use long after the experimenters had packed up their scientific gear and gone back to the university. In addition, the intervention was based on theory and data from prior laboratory experiments. But the extent to which prior theory and laboratory research was considered


We draw on data from the recent financial crisis and its aftermath to examine factors underlying community bank performance, failure, and regulation. In particular, we investigate the failure of some 400 community banks from 2008 to 2013, with a focus on the ability of two measures of capital, tier 1 capital to assets and tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets, to explain and forecast these failures. Both measures of capital provide useful information for explaining failures in-sample. For predicting failures out of sample, we find that both measures have similar Type I error rates for given Type II error rates, particularly when the forecast horizon is relatively short. Our results accord well with those of Estrella, Park, and Peristiani (2000) who examined an earlier failure wave, and with Haldane and Madouros (2012) who brought a different approach to examining the recent failure wave. And consistent with these previous researchers, our results lend support to keeping capital requirements for community banks simple. Robert Moore is an assistant vice president and Michael Seamans is a financial industry analyst in the Financial Industry Studies Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. *Corresponding author: Financial Industry Studies Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2200 N. Pearl St., Dallas, TX 75201, email@example.com, 214-922-5355. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System. "It's fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure."


Electron spin polarizations were studied for a system of excited triplet (T1) phthalocyanine (MTNPc; M = H2, Zn) and a nitroxide radical (TEMPO) in toluene solution by means of time-resolved EPR (T...


This paper presents a new methodology of Multi-Criteria Analysis for offshore renewable energy site selection. Rather than using only weighting and mixing geo-physical and non-geo-physical properties in a subjective way, it defines costs related from those properties (distances, depth, energy and environment), giving access to more objective and absolute suitability values for the studied areas.


In order to minimize the construction time of rapid prototyping while maintaining prototype accuracy at high level, the thickness should be determined for each layer. This paper presents a contour identification algorithm to determine layer thickness for prototype construction by applying image processing technique. This approach considers the image data to search for a junction point. The maximum thickness that its contours contain no junction will be used to construct that particular layer.


The Impact of Directors and Officers' Liability Suits on Firm Value ABSTRACT This article examines the effect of D&O lawsuits on firm value. The results indicate that D&O lawsuits have a negative impact on firm value a few days before they appear in the Wall Street Journal. Secondary regression results indicate that the particular reason for a D&O lawsuit has relatively little impact on firm value. Introduction The effects of dividend announcements, changes in accounting procedures, and stock splits have been studied to determine their impact on firm value [1, 6, 11]. Previous studies by Sprecher and Pertl [12] and Davidson, Chandy, and Cross [4] have considered the impact of large pure losses on firm value. The recent increase in both the number and size of directors and officers' (D&O) lawsuits, coupled with the availability and cost problems involved with D&O insurance, makes D&O lawsuits an interesting topic of study. Purpose Stock prices are responsive to many factors that influence investor expectations. Changes in stock prices reflect investors' revisions in earnings expectations, and give an estimate of the impact of the pure loss on firm value. This paper examines the effect of D&O lawsuits on firm value. The hypothesis is that announcements of D&O lawsuits reduce firm value. If that results, stockholders initiating D&O lawsuits may be "shooting themselves in the foot" by lowering their own wealth. Wealth reduction could be offset by the settlement the stockholders receive from the lawsuit. Thus, stockholders initiating lawsuits may suffer only a small reduction in wealth or no reduction at all, depending on the size of the settlement. This study does not cover wealth created by investment such as the purchase of D&O insurance. The effect of a D&O lawsuit on firm value would in all likelihood depend on whether the firm has purchased D&O insurance and/or has agreed to indemnify directors and officers for liability claims and expenses. Information about D&O insurance purchases is strictly proprietary. Thus, one problem with addressing this issue is the availability of data. The size of a D&O lawsuit and the amount of its eventual payout also are not considered in this study. Lack of available public information on the size of lawsuits' eventual settlements and the settlement time lags precluded these factors. Research Methods The event research method is used to determine the wealth effect of D&O lawsuits.(1) In addition an examination of the underlying reasons for D&O suits is conducted. Sample Selection The sample of parent corporations consists of 62 firms reported in The Wall Street Journal as having a D&O lawsuit filed against them between 1980 and 1985. To assure availability of market data and adequacy of trading activity regarding parent firms, it was required that the sued corporation's common stock be listed on the New York Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. The 62 firms represent a broad spectrum of industries. Event Research Method The event-time research method is only briefly described here (see Dodd and Warner [5] for details). The test statistic used is the mean standardized cumulative abnormal return. For security j, the market model is used to calculate the abnormal return, for event day t as follows: (1) [AR.sub.jt] = [R.sub.jt] - ([a.sub.j] + [Beta.sub.j] [R.sub.mt]) where [R.sub.jt] is the rate of return on security j for event day t and [R.sub.mt] is the return on the CRSP value-weighted index on event day t Coefficients [a.sub.j] and [Beta.sub.j] are ordinary least squares estimates for the intercept and slope, respectively, of the market model regression. The OLS parameters were obtained from a regression run over days -291 to -91. The Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) from day [T. …


Pollutants such as NOx, HC, CO, and PM emitted by diesel engines will cause serious air pollution. In order to reduce the exhaust emissions of diesel engines, there are mainly DOC, DPF, SCR, AOC, etc. for the after-treatment technology of the engine. Therefore, the use of integrated aftertreatment systems has become a necessary choice. At present, the layout schemes of integrated aftertreatment systems for diesel engines mainly include DOC + DPF + SCR + AOC, DOC + SCR + DPF + AOC, DOC + CDPF + SCR + AOC, DOC + SCR + DPF + AOC, etc. When processing the system, each sub-aftertreatment system will generate a mutual coupling effect. This coupling interference may promote the system's conversion effect to the pollutants, and it may also weaken the system's conversion effect on the pollutants. The catalytic conversion characteristics of the integrated aftertreatment system are closely related to exhaust parameters and layout schemes. In this paper, simulation methods are used to compare and study the effects of the above four integrated post-treatment systems on the catalytic conversion characteristics of various pollutants under different exhaust parameters.


Objective To investigate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene P33ING1,and to explore its relationship with apoptosis in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC).Methods The expression of P33ING1 was determined by Immunohistochemical SP in 83 cases of BTCC and 11 cases of normal bladder mucosa tissue.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was applied to detect the apoptosis.The apoptosis index (AI) were defined.Results The positive expression rate of P33ING1 protein was 59.03% in 83 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma,while the expression rate of P33ING1 protein was 90.9% in the normal bladder mucosa tissue.The expression of P33ING1 protein had close relation with the classification of BTCC (WHO).There was no significant relationship between the expression of P33ING1 and AI.Conclusion The lower expression of P33ING1 in bladder transitional cell carcinoma may be play important roles in tumorogenesis.Detection of the expression level of P33ING1 may be helpful in the treatment,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of patients with BTCC.


Disclosed are a macro photography PET apparatus and system that, by being equipped with a region-specific PET apparatus that is disposed near a specific region to be measured and a total body PET apparatus that is capable of imaging an entire body to be measured, achieve higher sensitivity by bringing a PET detector close to the specific region to be measured and can image a wide field of view.


Incised valleys that develop due to relative sea‐level change are common features of continental shelves and coastal plains. Assessment of the factors that control the geometry of incised‐valley fills has hitherto largely relied on conceptual, experimental or numerical models, else has been grounded on case studies of individual depositional systems. Here, a database‐driven statistical analysis of 151 late‐Quaternary incised‐valley fills has been performed, the aim being to investigate the geological controls on their geometry. Results of this analysis have been interpreted with consideration of the role of different processes in determining the geometry of incised‐valley fills through their effect on the degree and rate of river incision, and on river size and mobility. The studied incised‐valley fills developed along active margins are thicker and wider, on average, than those along passive margins, suggesting that tectonic setting exerts a control on the geometry of incised‐valley fills, probably through effects on relative sea‐level change and river behaviour, and in relation to distinct characteristics of basin physiography, water discharge and modes of sediment delivery. Valley‐fill geometry is positively correlated with the associated drainage‐basin size, confirming the dominant role of water discharge. Climate is also inferred to exert a potential control on valley‐fill dimensions, possibly through modulations of temperature, peak precipitation, vegetation and permafrost, which would in turn affect water discharge, rates of sediment supply and valley‐margin stability. Shelves with slope breaks that are currently deeper than 120 m contain incised‐valley fills that are thicker and wider, on average, than those hosted on shelves with breaks shallower than 120 m. No correlation exists between valley‐fill thickness and present‐day coastal‐prism convexity, which is measured as the difference in gradient between lower coastal plains and inner shelves. These findings challenge some concepts embedded in sequence stratigraphic thinking, and have significant implications for analysis and improved understanding of 'source to sink' sediment route‐ways, and for attempting predictions of the occurrence and characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs.


Gastric bypass surgery, which results in greater weight loss than vertical-banded gastroplasty, is becoming more widely used in the U.S. as a treatment


This study examined the relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers for the purpose of determining an optimal decision-making model for sports centers based on their organizational structure. For this purpose, a survey was given to a random sample of 341 sports center staff working in D metropolitan city. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on the rational and dependent decision style in sports centers. Second, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. The most influential dimension of organizational structure that affects employees' organizational commitment and job satisfaction was formalization. Third, the decision-making style had a significant effect on organizational commitment of employees in sports centers. The most influential decision-making style that affects employees' organizational commitment was the rational decision style. Additionally, the decision-making style had a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. Rational style alone had an effect on employees' job satisfaction.


Morpho-anatomical parameters of Cuphea glutinosa cham. & Schltdl, stem were determined aiming its authenticity as a pharmaceutical drug. This plant is traditionally known as medicinal. The macroscopic characteristics of the stem are insuficient to determine the autenticity of this plant pharmaceutics input, it requires checking out the presence of not winged seeds and vesicles placed under the stamens of the flowers. Microscopically, the presence of epicuticular formations, crystals of calcium oxalato in druses form, glandular and non-glandular thricomes, xerophytic stomatas, mucilages cells and interxilematic phloem are meaningful characteristics in the botanical quality control of this plant for the pharmaceutical industry, when analyzed together.


The authors compared the similarities and differences between the early Chinese and Grecian drama,revealed the mutual compatibility of composition between Grecian sport and Chinese "gallantry","martial act" and drama,probed in depth into the sports characteristics in early Chinese drama,and concluded that the early Chinese sports oil characteristics not only existed in military activities such as "gallantry" and "martial act" but were more often presented in early dramatic activities.


One of the main problems of management profession is that there is not yet a corpus of theories and knowledge that can assist professionals to take adequate choices for solving the problems they actually have. Initially, we can assume that the inherent reasons for the explosion and diffusion of ABC are that these systems improve the efficiency of the selected strategy. However, a significant number of failures reveal a situation that can be attributed to other potential reasons, for instance a bad implementation. The existence of this paradox, lead us to investigate alternatives reasons for the diffusion of ABC. We show that there are alternative reasons for the diffusion of ABC, which may be a "fad logic" rather than a "problem solving logic" that we think should dominate management. We also argue that ABC systems are not introducing a revolutionary improvement in terms of the conceptualization of costs, as ABC is simply a way of using a full cost approach with a different conception of a cost center. Then, it can be useful mainly in cases where the decisions to be made can be better made using a full cost instead of other cost measures.


an automotive anti-drunk driving system with real-time monitoring is introduced. The system guarantees the uniqueness of the driver by combining the function of alcohol detection and face identification system, putting forward the design of combination of the alcohol main detection and the image processing auxiliary surveillance. It can eradicate the fraudulent conduct that drunk driving and driver changing. It solved the problem that current automotive alcohol detecting system can not ensure the uniqueness of the driver, and further improved the safety of the car. Keywords—anti-drunk driving; uniqueness; alcohol detection; face identification system


Abstract Control of economic processes comes as a key factor in activities undertaken by all companies, regardless of their ultimate economic objectives that may include development of entities and achievement of positive economic outcomes or operation oriented towards public benefits. Management authorities of seaports can be defined as entities operating based on the public benefit. Their operation is based on the Act of 20 December 1996 on Sea Ports and Harbours. A fundamental challenge that must be faced by such entities is to adopt a particular model of organisational and legal solutions that affect the scope of economic process control. The aim of this study is to present a model of economic process control applied at Polish seaports of fundamental significance for national economy, with consideration of the requirements set by legal regulations. The research methods assumed for the achievement of the research aim are system analysis – the system theory – and economic cybernetics – observation of the models of economic process control applied at seaports in the world.


A randomized trial of the GRAIL GalleriTM multi-cancer screening test is being planned for the National Health Service in England, and will have 140,000 healthy participants aged 50–79: 70,000 exposed to screening and 70,000 unexposed. The test reportedly detects 50 different cancers and is expected to reduce all-cancer mortality by approximately 25%. Given this effect size—and that cancer deaths constitute a large fraction of all deaths—the trial is sufficiently large to test the effect on all-cause mortality. Because most patients believe cancer screening "saves lives", the GRAIL/National Health Service collaboration could set the evaluation standard for multi-cancer screening.


Abstract The following article addresses epistemological and terminological issues regarding Didactique des langues [language didactics] in France, including teaching methods, curricular developments, and research priorities. Why do the French, among other Europeans, keep on labelling "didactique des langues" what is also known as Second Language Teaching and Learning (SLTL), even though the English translation, "language didactics", is hardly found in anglophone scientific literature? As for the very word "didacticien.ne" [didactician], so often used in France, it seems inexistent in English, often translated as "teaching expert" or "educational specialist". Still, to what extent do these signifiers convey the same signified? How did the research area develop in France? The purpose of this paper is to research and make more visible the historical and scientific foundations of "didactique des langues " and more precisely of "didactique de l'anglais" in the French context. First, our analysis will borrow from educational sciences and focus on the term "Didactics" as opposed to "pedagogy", and explain the concept of "didactology" developed by Galisson (2002), Coste and Puren (1999). We will also elaborate on the specific meaning of "didactique des langues", "didactique des langues-cultures" in connection with other European traditions and Anglo-American terminology. Then, we will adopt an epistemological stance and briefly outline the history of the concept of "didactique de l'anglais", with an overview of language teaching in relation to founding theories. Finally, we will present the evolution of French contemporary research.


Two types of combination systems having eye drop administration, they are used during or after the curvature of the cornea to prevent or delay the orthopedic process corneal tissue relaxation to the original corneal curvature. The composition of each functional independently of one another, be formulated in different ways and stabilizers. The first relates to compositions comprising a leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) containing interrupted triple helices and fibril associated collagen (FACITs) and / or small biocompatible composition. And collagen fibril associated collagen family includes various types, such as type VI, XII type, XIV type, XX type. Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan decorin family include, keratin glycans, proteoglycans duplexes, epiphyseal proteoglycans, light proteoglycans, fibers and proteoglycans adjustment module proteoglycans . The second composition comprises an enzyme composition found in normal tissue, plasma or skin, such as transglutaminase.


Collaborative filtering (CF) employing a consumer preference database to make personal product recommendations is achieving widespread success in E-Commerce. However, it does not scale well to the ever-growing number of consumers. The quality of the recommendation also needs to be improved in order to gain more trusts from consumers. This paper attempts to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of collaborative filtering. We present a unified information-theoretic approach to measure the relevance of features and instances. Feature weighting and instance selection methods are proposed for collaborative filtering. The proposed methods are evaluated on the well-known EachMovie data set and the experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in accuracy and efficiency.


....................................................................................................................................................................... v Chapter One: Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 References ............................................................................................................................4 Chapter Two: Implementing a Cybersecurity Community of Trust ..................................................................... 5 Chapter Three: A Note on the Cybersecurity Problem Spaces in 2018 ................................................................ 6 Chapter Four: Evaluating and Enhancing the Risk Informing Capabilities of a Cybersecurity Solution Using Action Design Research ........................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ................................................................................................................................7 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................7 Motivation ............................................................................................................................9 Research Method ...............................................................................................................24 Description of First Artifact Created for the Reprivata CoT Solution...............................28 Reprivata Solution Conceptual Model ...................................................................28 Evaluation of the First Artifact Created for the Reprivata CoT Solution ..........................34 Description of Second Set of Artifacts Created for the Reprivata CoT Solution ..............35 Reprivata Solution NIST CSF Assessment ...........................................................35 Reprivata Solution Recommendations for Enhancing Master Agreements ..........38 NIST CSF Functional Area — Identify (ID) Controls Language to Include ........39 Evaluation of the Second Set of Artifacts Created for the Reprivata CoT Solution ..........40 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................42 Limitations of Current Research ........................................................................................46 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................47 References ..........................................................................................................................50 Chapter Five: Using a Fitness-Utility Model to Elaborate the Impacts of Artifacts Created to Enhance the Risk Informing Capabilities of a Cybersecurity Risk Management Solution ...................... 52 Abstract ..............................................................................................................................52 Introduction ........................................................................................................................52 Motivation ..........................................................................................................................54 Interviewing Approach for Artifact Evaluation .................................................................55


Visible response to injection of flower heads of perennial sow thistle plants with herbicidal concentrations of 2,4-D appeared only in the uppermost regions of the plants. The herbicide moved downward through peduncles supporting treated heads, then it moved upward through neighboring peduncles. Apparently this pronounced ascent of herbicide was associated with transport of plant solutions to regions of rapid development and transpiration.On the other hand, response to injection of severed stems of flowering sow thistle plants was not limited to the region of treatment. The herbicide moved downward in treated stems, upward in their intact lateral branches, leaves, and flowers, and extensively downward and laterally in the root system.Significance of this multidirectional movement is discussed.


to &dquo;the family,&dquo; and so their awareness remains a fragment rather than a theory. Third, differential access to education and the credentials thereof makes many people see themselves as stupid, incapable of sound reasoning. Anyone who has done much door-to-door political work knows the experience of being told, &dquo;I really don't know anything. I'd better not sign.&dquo; Fourth, television is a uniquely anti-analytical medium. Unlike books and newspapers, which may be read at a pace chosen by the reader, television is externally paced. With subjectivity providing as little satisfaction as it does, TV becomes like work in its function of turning off thought. While television, watched four hours a day on average, does not determine what people think, it has the same effect as if it did. By making minds superfluous, analytic faculties get rusty, and people forget how well they can think. These four conditions, of course, also have a relationship to deeper aspects of the political *Se Serge Mallet, La Nouvelle Classe ouvriem, Paris, 1963.


We report a novel HLA-B*41 allele (HLA-B*4106) initially detected by an unusual sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) hybridization pattern and identified by sequence-based HLA typing. Molecular cloning and sequencing determined that the new HLA-B allele was identical to the HLA-B*4101 in exon 2 and 3 except for a single nucleotide substitution in the exon 3 changing codon 204 from Glu to Gln (GAG-->CAG). In addition, intron 2 was identical to the published HLA-B*4104 intron 2, except for the base 509 (C-->G).


In this article on the critique of face painting during the 18th and early 19th century, I argue that face painting was a part of the visualization of gendered social order. I conceive the critique ...


AIM:To investigate the recovery in vitro and stability in vivo of microdialysis probes with tetrameth-yl-pyrazine/ferulic acid as model drugs.METHODS: The concentration of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid was detected by HPLC.Stability of the recovery was studied under the condition of probe planted into five rats' jugular veins at the time interval of 10 h.RESULTS: 1.The concentration had no obvious effect on relative recove-ry,there was no significant difference between relative recovery and relative loss in the same flow rate.2.The RL were different in different conditions.3.The relative loss had good stability in 10 hours in vivo.CONCLUSION:Under the relative recovery of every experiment is determined by retrodialysis,miecodialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of tetramethylpyrazine/ferulic acid.


This cross-sectional study evaluates the characteristics of infants admitted to US intensive care units for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during the 2022 seasonal peak.


The coherence of electron spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots suffers mostly from low-frequency noise. During the last decade, efforts have been devoted to mitigate such noise by material engineering, leading to substantial enhancement of the spin dephasing time for an idling qubit. However, the role of the environmental noise during spin manipulation, which determines the control fidelity, is less understood. We demonstrate an electron spin qubit whose coherence in the driven evolution is limited by high-frequency charge noise rather than the quasi-static noise inherent to any semiconductor device. We employed a feedback control technique to actively suppress the latter, demonstrating a $\pi$-flip gate fidelity as high as $99.04\pm 0.23\,\%$ in a gallium arsenide quantum dot. We show that the driven-evolution coherence is limited by the longitudinal noise at the Rabi frequency, whose spectrum resembles the $1/f$ noise observed in isotopically purified silicon qubits.


The main objective of this paper is to simplify the implementation of continuous and discontinuous 3-D space vector pulsewidth modulations (SVPWMs). This paper analyzes the relationships, whether in or coordinates, between three-phase voltages and the following elements: the tetrahedron in which the reference vector resides, three adjacent active switching vectors (or three switching states), and their duration times. Based on the analysis, the calculation of the turn-on time of each switch in the actual implementation is simplified, and discontinuous PWM (DPWM) methods in three-leg inverters can be extended to four-leg inverters without the phase angle. In addition, two more DPWM methods that are peculiar to 3-D SVPWM are presented. This simplified algorithm does not use irrational operations or look-up tables, and it alleviates the computation burden of the processor. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


A height-height (H-H) correlation function was used to quantitatively analyze the magnetic force microscope (MFM) images of the DC remanent state of two longitudinal thin film media. Sample A was sputtered on (1 IO) oriented Cr with a smaller SMNR, sample B was sputtered on (002) oriented Cr with a larger SMNR (Fig. 1). Both media have similar Hcr -2200 Oe, Mrt1.5 memdcm'. MFM was operated in phase shift mode to collect the magnetic information from the samples. The H-H correlation function, defined as H(r)=([z(r)-z(0)I2), measures the relative magnetic height fluctuation in an MFM image, where z(0) is the magnetic height value of any chosen reference point, and z(r) is the magnetic height value of a point which is r distance away from the chosen reference point. This function has a long-range and short-range asymptotes of H(r): H(r)2W2 ( r s t ) , H(r)-?Q(r<t), where W is the RMS value of the surface (representing the global magnetic roughness), 6 is the lateral correlation length, and a is the local roughness parameter (representing the local magnetic roughness). The H-H correlation function obtained from the MFM images of the DC remanent states of the two samples are shown in Fig. 2. The two media have similar lateral correlation length 5-3". The RMS value W, or the global magnetic roughness, of sample A is 0.90 degree, about 3 times larger than that of sample B. From the In H vs In r curve (for r<t , not shown here), Sample B has a smaller value of a-0.58 compared to 0.72 of sample A, indicating a rougher local magnetic roughness, which arises from a smaller local intergranular exchange coupling.' Detailed analysis of the parameters of the H-H function and their relationship to the recording performance will be discussed in the paper.


Abstract In the present paper three different in their structure families, of exact periodic solutions of the nonlinear evolution equation of Nikolaevskii, have been obtained. The common dynamic structure of these families of periodic solutions has been shown as well as the spatial displacements, typical of the non-integrable evolution equations, for each separate harmonics. These exact solutions are published for the first time


Uniformly semiconducting or metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks are ideal materials for flexible and large-area electronics (macroelectronics). With the goal of developing optimal enrichment and evaluation solutions toward economical production of monodisperse SWNTs for macroelectronics, we selectively enriched SWNTs, which have small diameters (<0.9 nm) and a narrow (n,m) distribution, synthesized on cobalt-incorporated MCM-41 catalysts. The (7,5) enriched SWNTs were obtained from sodium cholate (SC) dispersion, whereas (6,5) were from cosurfactant mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS):SC at 1: 4. Density gradient ultracentrifugation was applied to further refine the separation. Subsequently, SWNT thin-film field effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated using enriched SWNTs. We characterized the chiralities by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements. Among these techniques, results demonst...


Aims:  This study aimed to identify a simple, inexpensive preservation technique that will allow a quick and reliable recovery of Campylobacter jejuni following long‐term periods of preservation.


Increasing demand within the geomagnetism community for high quality real-time or near-real-time observatory data means there is a requirement for data producers to have a robust and scalable data processing infrastructure capable of delivering geomagnetic data products over the Internet in a variety of formats. We describe a new software system, developed at BGS, which will allow access to our geomagnetic data products both within our organisation's intranet and over the Internet. We demonstrate how the system is designed to afford easy access to the data by a wide range of software clients and allow rapid development of software utilizing our observatory data.


Experimental and numerical flow visualizations are presented to study laminar mixed convection with flow reversal in the thermal entrance region of a horizontal square channel. Flow reversal, that is, the separation bubble near the upper wall at the entrance region of the channel was visualized by a dye-injection method. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations were solved by using the QUICK and SIMPLE method. We analyzed temperature dependence of physical properties in the water used for this simulation. It was shown that the experimental results for the stream lines are coincident with those obtained from three-dimensional numerical analysis. The effects of wall temperature and the Reynolds number on the size of the flow reversal region were also studied and three-dimensional mechanisms of flow reversal were discussed.


The articles in this volume focus upon Boethius's extant works: his De arithmetica and a fragmentary De musica, his translations and commentaries on logic, his five theological texts, and, of course, his Consolation of Philosophy. They examine the effects that Boethian thought has exercised upon the learning of later generations of scholars.


Quantum dash (Q-Dash) passively mode-locked lasers (PMLLs) exhibit significant low frequency relative intensity noise (RIN), due to the high mode partition noise (MPN), which prevents the implementation of multilevel amplitude modulation formats such as PAM4. The authors demonstrate low frequency RIN mitigation by employing 8B/10B and Manchester encoding with PAM4 modulation format. These encoding techniques reduce the overlap between the modulation spectral content and the low-frequency RIN of the Q-dash devices, at the expense of increased overhead. The RIN of the 33.6 GHz free spectral range Q-dash PMLL was characterized, and the results obtained show very high levels of RIN from DC to 4 GHz, but low levels for higher frequencies. The performance improvement for 28 GBaud 8B/10B and Manchester encoded PAM4 signal has been demonstrated compared to the case when no encoding is used. Finally, the effect of RIN on the system performance was demonstrated by comparing the bit error rate (BER) performance of the PAM4 signaling obtained with an external cavity laser (ECL) to those obtained with Q-dash PMLL.


The invention discloses a method for producing 3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid through a catalytic hydrogenation method. According to the method, 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid is dissolved in an aqueous solution, the obtained solution is added in a hydrogenation kettle, a catalyst is added, hydrogen is led in, a hydrogenation reaction is carried out, and acidification, crystallization, and drying are carried out to obtain 3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid. The raw material conversion rate is 100%, and the obtained product is white powder, has the chromatogram purity no less than 99%, and has the yield no less than 95%.


My target in this paper is "theories of consciousness". There are many theories of consciousness around, and my view is that they are all misconceived. Consciousness is not a normal scientific subject, and needs handling with special care. It is foolhardy to jump straight in and start building a theory, as if consciousness were just like electricity or chemical valency. We will do much better to reflect explicitly on our methodology first. When we do this, we will see that theories of consciousness are trying to answer a question that isn't there.


Epidemiological spreading does not only happen from person to neighbouring person but often over wide distances, when infected but asymptomatic persons travel and carry infection to others over wide distances. Superdiffusion has been suggested to model such spreading in spatially restriced contact networks, i.e. there is still a notion of geographical distance, but spreading happens with high probability proportional to large distances. From fractional calculus several ways of describing superdiffusion are know. Here we investigate the representation in Fourier space and which is easily generalizable to higher dimensional space in order to compare with stochastic models of epidemiological spreading.


THE occurrence of a supernumerary kidney has been so rarely noted that it seems worth while to place on record an illustration and a short description of a case recently met with in the Class of Practical Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin. The subject in which the third kidney wNas present was a man of about forty-five years of age, and did not present any congenital abnormalities other than those connected with the urinary organs. The kidney on the right side was normal in all respects and measured 9 5 cm. in length. Its ureter and vascular supply were normally disposed. On the left side two kidneys, of approximately equal size, were present, lying one above the other, and separated by an interval of 2:8 cm. They were both readily recognised when tile abdomen was opened. The upper left kidney possessed a typical outline, and occupied the usual position of a normal left kidney. It measured 7 7 cm. in length. The lower left kidney lay partly in the left iliac fossa and partly on the qluadratus lumiiborum muscle, its middle point being upon a level with the bifurcation of the aorta. It was convex, and covered by peritoneum on its anterior surface; its posterior surface was almost quite flat. The colon descended along its outer edgre, and when the overlying small intestine was turned aside a ureter was readily recognized lying on its anterior surface beneath the peritoneum. When the peritoneum and surrounding fatty tissue were removed it was found that the blood-vessels entered and the duct issued from the lower left kidney at the upper and outer part of its posterior surface. Tlre blood-vessels and pelvis of the upper kidney were normally arranged, and its ureter passed at first downwards and slightly outwards to the upper pole of the lower kidney. Here the ureter of the lower kidney joined that of the upper, and then the conlmon duct passed in a slightly tortuous course downwards and inwards over the anterior convex surface of the lower kidney. At a lower level it crossed the termination of the common iliac artery and entered the pelvic cavity. Its junction with the bladder presented no abnormal appearance. The duct of the


Acute glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the kidney mediated by an immunological process. Group A βhaemolytic streptococcal infection is common in children aged 5-12 years old and can lead to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis which may develop after recovery from a streptococcal throat infection or skin infection (impetigo). 97% of cases occur in less developed country. The incidence has decreased in industrialized nations due to improved hygienic condition. A 7-year-old boy, the eldest child of 4 siblings from a divorced parent, was admitted to Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan Kuantan in March 2015 due to facial puffiness for 1 day duration. There was also dark colored urine. Patient had history of productive cough for 3 days and fever for 2 days. Father also complained of skin ulcer on patient's right feet for about 1 month. There was hypertension (198/80 mmHg). Urine examination showed hematuria, proteinuria, and leucocyturia. Anti-streptolysin O titre was high (1:800) and complement C3 level was low (0.29). Patient was treated with antibiotic, diuretic, and anti-hypertension. The child is entrusted to the parents who will be called by the Almighty, who will ask them about this trust. Parents play vital role in maintaining and promoting the good health of the children. Parents should also pay attention to cleanliness, personal hygiene and the prevention of disease, especially infection. Islam paid attention to washing hands and cleansing the air inhaled into the lungs by regular cleaning of the nose as part of ablution before performing prayer. Parents are responsible in preserving life, health and growth of their children. Caring for cleanliness and hygiene is not only deemed a good habit in Islam but also rendered into rituals that constitute part of the faith itself.


Serum CBZ concentration was determined by gas liquid chromatographic method in 14 epileptic patients (32 samples) treated initially with CBZ alone, and the following results were obtained:


As evinced of empirical characteristics of leptokurtosis, skewness, volatility clustering and asymmetric volatility shocks in SP 500 index returns, this study proposes a stochastic volatility process allowing for time-varying correlation with underlying returns, in which the market price of volatility risk is incorporated. A quasi-maximum likelihood function accompanied with Kalman filter is used ot estimate estimates model parameters and the market price of volatility risk. The volatility risk premium is found to be positive and increases with investment horizons. Compared to the price risk premium, however, the relative contribution of the volatility risk premium is most pronounced for long-term SP 500 returns. The premiums for price and volatility risks provided by the stochastic-volatility model are found informative for out-of-sample realized mean returns, indicating the importance of stochastic volatility.
Key Words: volatility risk premium, stochastic volatility, Kalman filter, quasi-maximum likelihood estimation


Aim. To reveal possible hemodynamic aerobic mechanisms of exercise tolerance improvement in stable angina patients having taken the typical pharmacological antianginal group drugs: nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers. Material and methods. Totally, 164 stable angina male patients of II-IV functional class, participated in the study (mean age 55,2±2,1 years), who underwent doubled veloergometry before and after single intake of a mean therapeutical dosage of propranolol (PR) (n=58), isosorbidi dinitras (ID) (n=54), nifedipine (NF) (n=52). At the threshold of exercise intensity, the oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) was measured, cardiac index (CI), arteriovenous gradient by oxygen (АVРО 2 ), peripheral vascular resistance (PVS), and Robinson index (RI). Results. The efficacy of single NF dosage was found in 55,5% of angina patients, ID — in 48%, and PR — in 58%. The increase of threshold intensity was supported by an adequate VO2, which, after the PR intake was realized within analogous to the baseline CI parameters (4,6±1,7 L/min/m 2 and 4,9±1,7 L/min/m 2 ). In this case АVРО 2 was higher than baseline by 43,1% (p<0,001). Increase of exercise tolerance by the same value after the intake of NF was followed by CI increase comparing to the primary values, by 40,5% (p<0,001) and increase of RI from 157,7±39,0 units to 210,0±68,6 units (р<0,001). Value of АVРО 2 did not change. Intake of ID also was followed by significantly higher threshold values of CI and RI, however, less prominent comparing to PR (by 9,6 and 17,6%), which also were followed by 39,8% increased oxygen extraction from blood (p=0,018). Conclusion. Antianginal effect of the drugs is mediated primarily by activation of the various parts of oxygen transporting system than realizes additional oxygen transport to working tissues (muscles). Intensification of oxygen transportation might be followed by the increase of hemodynamic productivity (NF), mostly by activation of extracardiac oxygen consumption factors (PR) and combination of both (ID).


This study seeks to devise a design application for a beam structure with partially restrained composite connection to a CFT column. A cost-efficient and stable component is applied by adjusting the stiffness ratio of the column connection through partially restrained composite connection. Based on a review of the structure`s stability, it was confirmed that in the case of a low-rise building as a moment frame, resistance without bracing is feasible because stiffness increased by virtue of the partial restrained composite connection by composite action. In the case of a high-rise building, lateral resistance load of moment frame was approximately 10% when proper partial restrained rate was at around 60%. With considerations related to economic efficiency, the partial restriction effect of the beam component was significantly activated by the uniform load, but that of the beam activated by concentrated load was not significantly indicative. The analysis indicated that 60% partial restrained girder at the connection was the most economical in the case of uniform load. It also showed that end moments can be reduced by approximately 25%.


With the gradual popularization of computer applications in various fields, video surveillance technology has been widely used in the coal industry and also become one of techniques of the safe production and management, Network-based intelligent video surveillance technology has become the inevitable trend of development of the mining video surveillance system. The basic principle of intelligent video analysis technology as the core of video surveillance system is explained, overall structure of the system is analyzed, and the system is approximately designed and realization.


A new idea about indirect coupling photodetectors is proposed. The indirect coupling photodetectors with two different mechanisms have been found and analysed: Experimental results show that they are of a class of excellent photodetectors. Finally, the application of such photodetectors and their research prospect are discussed.


SrMg x Ti 1- x O 3 nanocrystals ( x =0.1~0.5) were synthesized by the stearic acid gel method. Powder samples were characterized by TG DTA?XRD?XPS. The results showed that the O 1s XP spectrum changed with the Mg content x . The conductivity of sample showed a high sensitivity to oxygen.


SiO2-supported Pd–Au catalysts with Pd/Au molar ratios varying from 0.8 to 7.0 were used as catalysts for vinyl acetate synthesis under industrial conditions. Continued operation of the bimetallic catalysts at 150 °C led to the formation of the Pd1Au1 phase in the particles, with the remaining Pd atoms forming Pd nanoparticles by leaching of Pd as acetate. The presence of these phases was monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the used catalysts. Temperature-resolved in situ XRD of the reduced samples in an inert atmosphere confirmed the phase separation into a Pd-rich phase and a Au-rich phase above 160 °C. CO adsorption and XRD of the catalysts used at 180 °C showed that phase separation also took place during vinyl acetate synthesis. The pronounced temperature dependence of the morphology and surface composition of the bimetallic Pd–Au catalysts determines the selectivity; the activity; and, in particular, the stability during vinyl acetate synthesis.


Under the No Child Left Behind Act,all teachers of core academic subjects in America must be "highly qualified" by the end of the academic year of 2005-2006.To meet this requirement,the Federal government and states have been making great efforts in recent years which include to raise academic standards for teachers,to end the emergency and temporary licenses,to provide various programs of professional development,and to lower barriers that keep many talented individuals out of the teaching profession.


Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: The Market and Economic Historiography of Tokugawa Japan State Formation and the 17th and 18th Century Economy Economic Change and the Demongraphic Factor Demise of the Medieval Property Structure Constitution of a New Property Structure Conclusion Chapter 2: The Early Village and its Transformation Core and Periphery: Variations in the Nature and Course of Development The Village: Polarization and the Era of Transition The Rural Social Order and the Power of Local Elites The Landlord Estate: Household and Unit of Production The First Phase of Change: Formation of a Small Peasant Society Making the Estate Productive Conclusion Chapter 3: Construction of Peasant Land Relations A Break with the Past The Land System and Peasant Tenure Land into Capital The Second Phase of Change: Land Pawning The Kyoho Reforms: A Crisis of Feudal Revenues Turning Peasants into Tenants Landlord and Landlordly Prerogatives Conclusion Chapter 4: Social Change and Commercialization in the Periphery Peasant and Landlord during the Era of Transition The New Tokugawa Landlord Rent: The Changing Profile of Landlord Income Horigane: Tenancy in a Tokugawa Village Fukushima Prefecture: Early Landlords and Tenants Nishino and Momozono Village: Tenancy and By-employment Conclusion Chapter 5: An Alternative Trajectory of Development: The Kinai A Different Start: Villages in the Kinai A Course of its Own: Production Organization in the Kinai Conclusion Epilogue Tables Bibliography


In this study, made with contribution from Balint Herczeg, we sum up the experience of SMEs regarding the global economic crisis as well as the survey results related to this topic. The paper also introduces solutions SMEs have chosen to survive.


BEGINER SUBHAN. Survival rate and Growth of transplanted Sponge Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans Lindgren, 1897 and Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864) in Pari Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Under direction of Dedi Soedharma, Neviaty P. Zamani Research on sponge transplantation in Indonesia has done rarely even a lot of sponges species founded in Indonesia. Therefore, researches are still need to be done about sponge transplants especially on sponge that have the potential bioactive. Petrosia nigricans and Aaptos aaptos has the potentially bioactive compound. Transplantation performed by combining two methods, namely ropes and nets are placed horizontally and vertically at the two locations which is sheltered and exposed. Results of present research showed that survival rate of Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans influenced by location, position and cleaning factors, while Aaptos aaptos influenced by the process of cleaning Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans growth is influenced by the station, position and interaction between the station and position, while Aaptos aaptos growth is influenced by the position, cleaning shelves and the interaction between the station and cleaning activities. Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans that located in the expose location with horizontal position rack describes the best results and the uncleaned Aaptos aaptos showed a high survival rate. First month of Aaptos aaptos transplantation is the most critical and important in those process.


Abstract : The Institute of Permafrost Studies of the Siberian Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences carried out studies of the process of formation of the heat regime of catchwork and storage earth dams applicable to the climatic and engineering-geocryological conditions of the Tatta River valley where, to solve the water supply problem in Alekseyevskiy and Churapchinskiy regions of the Yakut USSR using water from the Amga River, a series of earth dams was planned for construction. The basic results of the thermal engineering forecasts made are given here. (Author)


In this paper, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is proposed to perform robust voltage regulation using Electric Spring (ES). This work focuses on both the design and implementational details of a Neural Network that has been used to drive ES under severe loading conditions of the power distribution system. ES has been previously used to perform voltage regulation; however, the robustness added due to the well-trained DNN is the essence of this work. The data set for training DNN parameters have been obtained using offline dry runs of a typical distribution network. Later, the trained model is operated under unseen test cases. It has been shown that DNN based ES outperforms the previous implementations of ES due to a smaller number of sensors and fewer dependencies on-grid variables.


Evaluation of: White T, Ozel B, Jain JK, Stanczyk FZ. Effects of transdermal and oral contraceptives on estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins. Contraception 74, 293–296 (2006).In a randomized trial, the effects on sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of three cycles of treatment with a contraceptive patch containing ethinylestradiol (EE) and norelgestromin versus treatment with an oral contraceptive (OC) containing EE and norgestimate were compared. There was a significantly higher increase in the levels of SHBG and TBG during treatment with the patch than with the OC, whereas the estrogen-induced rise in CBG and CRP was similar. The results suggest a higher impact on estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins of the contraceptive patch than of an OC due to the higher exposure of the women to EE. It has been reported that the relative risk of venous thromboembolism increases during treatment with the transdermal con...


Introduction In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, causing the potentially fatal COVID-19. It was then officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. This paper assesses the existing facts concerning to immune-nutrition, with a specific focus on respiratory viruses. In the nutrition segment, a promising body of facts exploring inter-relationships between certain nutrients and immune capability already occurs. This could possibly be crucial in assisting the body to cope with the corona virus, particularly among the elderly. Facts for vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc and their functions in preventing pneumonia and respiratory infections (vitamins C and D) and strengthening immunity (zinc) seems predominantly promising. One recent review recognized that arrange of micro nutrients are essential to meet the complex requirements of the immune system, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B12, folate, copper, iron, zinc and selenium, with numerous of these having likely synergistic associations. Nevertheless, it was reckoned that the major body of evidence linked to immune function occurred for vitamin C, D and zinc [1].


Fatigue with high number of cycles (HCF) is a current and dangerous mode of failure for blades of turbo shaft engines. It is induced by the high dynamic stresses generated at resonance in the operating range. Rubbing devices based on the use of dry friction, such as shrouds or under-platform dampers, make it possible to reduce vibratory amplitudes and even to push back resonances out of the operation zone. The governing parameters of rubbing contacts are often not known with accuracy and then are not easily controlled. They may also be the source of potentially high level responses of blades due to mistuning effects. To illustrate the influence of uncertainties, a stochastic model has been developed allowing the study of the dynamic behaviour of bladed assemblies induced by random dry friction damper parameters. These parameters are expanded on the Karhunen-Loeve base with random variables following the Gaussian law. The random nonlinear problem is based on the Monte Carlo simulation and gives the statistical characteristics of the forced response in the case of a lumped cyclic system. Results obtained confirm and illustrate the effects of variable contact parameters on the dynamic behaviour of nonlinear rubbing systems.


Shame-Less Lives, Grace-Full Congregations. By Karen A. McClintock. Herndon, Va.: Alban Institute, 2012. 194 pp. $18.00 (paper). Karen McClintock has written a profound and very readable book on the effect of shame in the lives of individuals and congregations today. She begins by making an important distinction between guilt and shame. She says "guilt is the moral compass and corrective function in the psyche that leads us to notice when we have harmed others with our behavior. Shame, however, is the emotion of self-recrimination that is more likely to weigh us down than spur us to action" (p. 20). According to McClintock, the purpose of guilt is to restore us to right relationship with another or others, and with oneself. Shame, on the other hand, is a tricky word in English. It has an intrapersonal meaning: I have a sense of shame, disgust, or remorse, when I feel I have done something wrong, harmed another person or myself. It is about a word, thought, or action that I regret. In this sense, intrapersonal shame is similar to guilt, and it is about my own self-awareness and is usually used with the phrase "I have a sense of shame." Shame also has an interpersonal meaning. When we shame others or are shamed by them, the injury moves beyond behavior toward one's very being. McClintock puts it this way: "While guilt says, ? made a mistake,' shame says ? am a mistake.' Shame takes a behavior and slaps it onto my core personhood. I become my mistakes" (p. 22). Here, and for the most part throughout her book, McClintock is speaking about interpersonal shame, which isolates and stigmatizes. Shame in this sense has no redeeming qualities. McClintock's book is a treasury of personal stories from her experience as a pastor and a psychologist specializing in "shame recovery." She devotes chapters to the dynamics of the shame-blame game, the debilitating effects of "comparison shame" and "perfection shame," mitigating "chronic illness shame," and reducing "individual sexual shame." She describes how shame operates in congregations and how they can move toward becoming "gracefull" communities. On the individual level, she offers new scripts for those who live with shame and alternatives for using shaming language with others. On the corporate level, she talks about how secrets lead to shame and how churches can offer "do overs" as a way of healing shame (p. 175). As a consultant and trainer working to promote a multicultural approach to reducing oppressive behaviors and practices by individuals and within communities, I have used this guideline for recognizing and valuing differences: "It's okay to disagree; it's not okay to shame, blame, or attack self or others." Speaking of shame when setting guidelines for interaction draws attention to the fact that shame is related to the way we think about differences. Whether the differences have to do with race, class, age, gender, sexual identity or orientation, or any other variable, shame is about seeing the difference of the other as less than or seeing my own difference as less than. In its extreme form, we speak or act as though the other persons very being is not okay Relational cultural theory, and other schools of psychology, talk about shame and guilt. …


Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of cytotoxic enzymes which possess highly specific rRNA N-glycosidase activity and are capable of catalytically inactivating prokaryotic or eukaryotic ribosomes. Due to their unique biological activities, RIPs have been considered to have great potential in medical and agricultural applications. The cucumber genome accommodates two genes encoding type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, further referred to as CumsaAB1 and CumsaAB2. Type 2 RIPs, represented by ricin, usually consist of two peptides linked by a disulfide bridge. A chain with N-glycosidase activity and B chain with carbohydrate-binding activity. In this study, the expression of the cucumber RIPs was analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that CumsaAB1 is synthesized with a signal peptide and subcellular localization studies further confirmed that the protein is expressed extracellularly, following the secretory pathway. Analyses of the transcript levels in various tissues during cucumber development showed that CumsaAB1 is present at extremely low levels in most tissues while the expression of CumsaAB2 is much higher, especially in leaves from plants at first-true-leaf stage and plants at the onset of flowering. Molecular modelling of the RIP sequences was performed to unravel the three-dimensional conformation of cucumber RIPs and their carbohydrate-binding sites. This study provided valuable information on the subcellular localization, the tissue-specific expression and the structure of RIPs from cucumber plants.


Symbiosis network is a core part in construction of Ecological Industrial Park. This thesis according to the previous research, the symbiosis network and its concept of governance model are confirmed, and under following the aim at symbiosis network of both symptoms and root causes, the article analyses the symbiotic nature and symbiotic operation mechanism of Ecological Industrial Park enterprises mathematically, summarizes the successful modes of Ecological Industrial Park construction throughout whole world, explains the universal problems existed in symbiosis network operation. As the breakthrough point to this, the result is not only innovating the path but also completing proposal of symbiosis network management.


The author analyzes some aspects of the legal securing of the right to life. The article deals with the international legal aspects of regulation of the right to life and its securing in domestic criminal procedure legislation. The author formulated amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code aimed at improving the comprehensive consolidation of guarantees of the right to life in criminal proceedings taking into account the General Comments No. 36 of article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the right to life, adopted in October 2018, the Committee for Human Rights of the United Nations.


The inadequate agricultural management in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, associated with the fragility of most soils, has caused degradation of the quality of this resource. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Quartzipsamments under different uses through the multivariate analysis of chemical and physical attributes. Five areas were selected: four of them with agricultural use (onion, banana, cassava, and corn) and the other with Caatinga. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.40 m for chemical and physical analyses. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and then to the multivariate analysis using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and Ward's clustering method. PCA and clustering techniques allowed the identification of different production systems in subsurface layers, suggesting the effect of fertility on the differentiation of areas with onion and banana, as well as the clustering of cassava and corn cultivations. Physical attributes and sodium content of the surface layer of the area with onion showed a tendency of compaction and salinization process of this environment. In general, fertility was the main responsible for the improvement of soil quality with agricultural use when compared to the Caatinga.


Herein, we present an unique vision based computer interface entitled Virtual Gun. In Virtual Gun, a person sits at a computer and points his index finger toward the screen with his thumb pointing up (similar to using one's hand as a gun). Movement of the hand and index finger moves the cursor on the screen. In order to click down on the cursor, one gestures as if he were shooting a gun (e.g., bringing his thumb down to the palm). Releasing the mouse button is equivalent to bringing the thumb back up and away from the palm. The uniqueness in the presented tracking system is in the use of the entire 3-D hand model. This method is in contrast to tracking methods which use only a set of features of the model such as finger edges and tips or other methods which use an internal representation of the hand as is done in neural networks. In addition, there is no need for the user to wear a special glove or other physical items, which allows complete freedom to the user.


4119 Background/aims: GEMOX regimen has been shown to be active in first line therapy of advanced pancreatic cancer; this study aims to evaluate the activity and tolerability of GEMOX in patients previously treated by standard administration of gemcitabine.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty patients (M/F : 16/17; median age : 57; locally advanced disease/ metastatic : n=12/21; WHO PS 0/1/2 : n = 12/17/4,mesurable disease) were included. All patients had progressed under or after gemcitabine therapy (gem alone : n = 14, gem + other drug : n = 10; gem + radiotherapy : n = 9) administered as a 30 min IV infusion). The GEMOX regimen consisted of gem 1000 mg/m2 as a 100 min infusion D1 (10 mg/m2/min) and oxaliplatine 100 mg/m2 as a 2h infusion D2, q 2 weeks.

RESULTS
All patients received at least one cycle of GEMOX (median : 4; range : 1-21); dose reduction or delay was required in 6 and 8 patients (18 and 24%, respectively). Thirty patients were evaluable for response : PR = 7/30 (23.3%); SD = 8 weeks = 10/30 (30%); SD < 8 weeks = 1/30; PD =11/30 (36%). Median duration of response was 5 months and TTP 4 months (range : 0.5-15 m). Median survival was 4 months. Clinical benefit was observed in 16/31 patients evaluable (51.6%). Grade III/IV toxicities occurred in 7/33 patients (21.2%) and grade I/II/III neurotoxicity was observed in 17(51%)/3 (9%) and 4 (12%)patients,respectively. There was one toxic death due to febrile neutropenia.

CONCLUSIONS
The GEMOX regimen is active, well-tolerated and may be of benefit in patients who become refractory to standard gemcitabine therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The emergence and progression of a tumor (relapses, metastasis) is largely due to the presence and nature of inflammatory processes. It is promising to clarify the pathogenetic role and prognostic value of cytokines involved in the inflammation. The basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumor may be associated with inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Objective: to study the production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor, taking into account basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumor in the patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (T1-3N0-2M0) were included in the study. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 17 cases. The production of TGF-β, TNF-α, SDF-1, VEGFA was determined by immunohistochemistry in tumor cells and alveolar macrophages. Basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchi adjacent to the tumor was morphologically diagnosed. The absence of SDF-1 in the nuclei of tumor cells was associated with the hematogenous metastases in patients with BCH of the bronchi adjacent to the tumor. Basal cell hyperplasia is correlated with an increased TGF-β production in alveolar macrophages and a decreased of SDF-1 in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The frequency of case TNF-α in alveolar macrophages is reduced in patients with hematogenous metastases who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cytokine production in the tumor cells and leukocytes was associated with the hematogenous metastases, taking into account the basal cell hyperplasia, which is associated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor. The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy differ depending hematogenous metastasis.


The British Library is currently progressing several projects involving Z39.50 and SR standards. The Network OPAC trial service is being extended for a further year and the user base broadened. Future applications of Z39.50 currently being investigated include access from Z39.50 clients developed by other suppliers; a 'virtual' database to cover all the Library's diverse catalogues; a national distributed bibliographic database.


Differently from vertebrates, having an adaptive immunity, ascidians are chordates with a germ-line based innate immunity in which phagocytosis and cytotoxicity are the main effector systems. In recent years, the comprehension of the immune system of compound ascidian has greatly improved. Most of the research was carried out in species of the genus Botryllus and Botrylloides. In these organisms, immunocytes constitute a considerable fraction of circulating haemocytes and are represented by phagocytes and phenoloxidase (PO)-containing, cytotoxic cells. Phagocytes include hyaline amoebocytes (HA) and macrophage-like cells (MLC). The former are wandering cells which quickly recognise and engulf foreign particles or cells: after the ingestion, they withdraw their cytoplasmic projections and acquire a globular shape, turning to MLC. Phagocytosis requires the recognition of molecular patterns on the surface of target particles by receptors on phagocytes and is greatly influenced by the nature of the particle. The recognition triggers signal transduction pathways which lead to the activation of the MAP-kinase cascade and of NF-kB. Soluble lectins can increase the phagocytosis of foreign particles acting as opsonins. Phagocytes play an important role during the colonial generation change (take-over), when the old adult zooids stop their filtering activity and are progressively resorbed. During this period, tissues of adult zooids undergo diffuse apoptosis and are rapidly infiltrated by blood phagocytes which rapidly and massively engulf senescent cells. Cytotoxic morula cells are characterised by the presence of vacuoles containing inactive pro-PO and its polyphenol substrata. They are the effectors of the rejection reaction between contacting, genetically incompatible colonies. These cells crowd inside the ampullae contacting the alien colony, cross the epithelium of the ampullar tips and enter the tunic where they degranulate and release the content of their vacuoles. The activated PO acts on substrata and induce necrotic death through the induction of an oxidative stress. There is an interesting cross-talk between cytotoxic an phagocytic cells: i) phagocytosis can be modulated by soluble molecules (cytokines) released upon the recognition of foreign particles (yeast cells and bacterial spores) by the cytotoxic cells; ii) some HA are exposed to seawater, on the internal side of the siphons, where they act as guard cells. Once recognised foreign materials, they activate morula cells in the tentacular lacunae which, in turn alert the whole immune system towards the potentially dangerous particles that can be phagocytosed or degraded.


The Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) is currently testing a new process concept for catalytically coprocessing a mixture of coal and petroleum-derived residual oils. The catalyst used in this process is molybdenum added directly to the reactor as an aqueous solution. Recent results are presented for product yield structure obtained in a 1-liter semibatch reactor. A discussion is also given for some recent findings obtained from coprocessing studies in a 1-liter continuous reactor system. An important economic advantage in using this process can be gained if recovery of the dispersed catalyst from the product residue is demonstrated. A discussion is provided of an approach to catalyst recovery that does not require complicated processing steps and uses relatively inexpensive reagents. Results are presented from preliminary testing of the recovery process that indicate it is feasible to efficiently recover the catalytically active material for reuse in the process.


House prices in China recently flucate acutely and this paper focuses on real estate market mechanism by establishing models to explain this phenomena.The model includes invest-utility,second-hand market,rational expectation,unrational expectation and policy impulse.This model outlines a dynamic real estate market's mechanism.We argue that unrational expectation magnifies fluctuations of house prices.Conversely,rational expectation is the self-regulator of the real estate price.When market's unrational expectation dominates rational expectation,the ratchet wheel of the price fluctuating can not stop in a short term.This may be one of the essential reason for Chinese real estate price keep fluctuating acutely.


of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SPIN FLUCTUATION THEORY FOR UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC METALS By Wenya W. Rowe May 2014 Chair: Peter J. Hirschfeld Major: Physics The understanding of unconventional superconductivity is still a challenge for condensed matter physicists. To understand the interplay between antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity is crucial for the development of unconventional superconductivity theory, not only because the antiferromagnetic state coexists with superconductivity in many materials such as cuprates, iron-based pnictides, heavy fermions and organic superconductors, but also because spin fluctuations near a magnetically ordered phase have been proposed to possibly mediate superconductivity. In Chapter 1, we introduce the mechanism of spin fluctuations and review important categories of unconventional superconductors. In Chapter 2 we review elements of the relevant theory of magnetism. We discuss the differences between localized and itinerant approaches to study magnetism. We focus on cuprates which have a simple one-band Fermi surface. We use the Hubbard model to describe the band structure of the cuprates, and introduce the mean field phase diagram of electron-doped cuprates. In Chapter 3, we study the dynamic susceptibility of cuprates in the pure antiferromagnetic state and in the coexistence state of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. We identify the key features of particlehole spin excitations which are affected by the next-nearest neighbor hopping, t ′. We compare the different spin wave features between electronand hole-doped cuprates. We conclude that the long range commensurate antiferromagnetic state is unstable on the hole doped side within the self-consistent-mean field theory due to the negative