We consider a chemostat model of phytoplankton competing for nitrogen taking into account effects of both intra- and interspecific crowding and the light limitation. We consider crowding as an additive density-dependent mortality rate. Crowding effects may be classified into intra- and interspecific crowding depending on whether the additional mortality is caused by the same or alternate species. We analyze the existence and local and global stability of single species and coexistence equilibria using the linearization and stability method of Lyapunov. We present a numerical example illustrating the fact that the crowding effects may lead to the bistable coexistence of two phytoplankton species. We demonstrate that the crowding effects and the light limitation affect the outcome of exploitative competition for a single resource and promote coexistence. We also show that while the crowding has a stabilizing effect on phytoplankton community, the light limitation may destabilize the system and produce susta...


Many supervised methods have been proposed to infer the particular activities of the inhabitants from a variety of sensors attached in the home. Current activity recognition systems either assume that the sensor stream has been presegmented or use a sliding window for activity segmentation. This makes real-time activity recognition task difficult due to the presence of temporal gaps between successive sensor activations. In this paper, we propose a method based on a set of hidden Markov models that can simultaneously solve the problem of activity segmentation and recognition on streaming sensor data without relying on any sliding window methods. We demonstrate our algorithm on sensor data obtained from two publicly available smart homes datasets.


One of the most useful improvisations made in the splint room of U. S. Army Base Hospital 13 was an arm board designed by Private Harold E. Poff, who, prior to his entrance into Base Hospital 13 as a patient, had never been inside of an operating room. This arm board has numerous advantages over an arm board that must be placed under the patient and which has a limited degree of adjustability. The accompanying illustrations show the apparatus as made by Private Poff out of such simple materials as were at hand. It is the purpose to submit the design drawn by Private Joseph Conklin to an instrument maker on our return to the United States and have a board made of aluminum embodying a few improvements which have suggested themselves. The advantages of this arm board to us have been: (1) its rapid application to or removal from


Bleaching of crude palm oil (MGS) is a mandatory step for producing edible palm oil. Bleaching agent, known as bleaching earth, is used as the decolorization agent. Bleaching earth acts as adsorbent to adsorb carotenoid and other organic content in MGS. Bentonite is the common decolorization agent used in the bleaching process. Activation of bentonite is needed prior to enhanced the adsorptive ability. In this study, the bentonite was fabricated by using saponin surfactant to enlarge the surface area, and thus, improving the adsorption capacity of bentonite. The activation of bentonite was conducted by impregnating the bentonite particles with saponin solution at various mass ratio; specifically, bentonite to saponin ratios of 100: 1, 200: 1, 300: 1, 400: 1, and 500: 1 were applied. The impregnation, or activation, temperature of 40 and 50˚C was chosen. The succeed of the saponin impregnation was characterized using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The alteration of bentonite cation exchange capacity (CEC) value before and after impregnation was evaluated. The bleaching performance of the saponin modified bentonite was assessed by determining the amount of carotenoid compound removed. Furthermore, the change in free-fatty acid value of MGS (after bleaching) was also assessed. The bleaching process was carried out by mixing the bentonite into MGS at a temperature of 90˚C for 10 minutes. The bleaching process result shows that the rarasaponin modified bentonite able to adsorp 310 mg of carotenoid per g of the adsorbent.


We used turns‐amplitude analysis to characterize the EMG recruitment pattern disregarding force measurement. The electrical muscle pattern of the brachial biceps (BB), abductor pollicis brevis (APB), medial vastus (MV), and anterior tibial (AT) muscles was analyzed during progressive increase in force from rest to maximum using the mean amplitude as an indicator of the force of the muscle. The following parameters were obtained on‐line: the maximal ratio of turns to mean amplitude (peak‐ratio, PR), the mean amplitude, and the number of time intervals (Tl) between turns at PR and at near maximum force (NMF). The highest PR values were obtained in BB, the lowest in MV. Analysis of the distribution of the Tl between turns at different degrees of voluntary contraction showed fewer spikes with short duration and small amplitude at high force compared with low force. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Solutions to some of the problems that inhibit effective functioning of the environmental impact evaluation process are suggested, including approaches for the use of metrics to improve communication with the affected public so that quantitative descriptions of both single‐event and cumulative noise are more nearly related to the perceptions; development of guidelines for the definition of project study areas to include all who are anticipated to experience significant changes, quantification of individual changes in noise, as well as the net populations exposed to various levels, that address concerns within the entire study area; and research to improve our understanding of noise annoyance and its alleviation and to extend our noise modeling capability to areas further from airports then presently possible.


*Correspondence to: Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Teixeira da Silva JA. Stigmatization, discrimination, racism, injustice, and inequalities in the COVID-19 era. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2020;9(11):484–485. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.87 Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 31 May 2020; ePublished: 3 June 2020


The article examines the process of development of the literary conversations as one of the extracurricular forms of extra reading guidance in the first half of the 19th century. It describes a method of organization of these extracurricular lessons and shows how their objectives and content have changed over time on the basis of historical feature, articles of Russian gymnasiums, regulatory documents, memoirs of the participants in the conversations. The author assesses the literary conversations from the standpoint of modern methods of readers' formation and reveals the relevance and value of the consideration of these extracurricular activities for the development of methodical science.


The Clinical HIV / AIDS System Strengthening Program in Sofala Manica and Tete provinces (CHASS-SMT) was a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. It was implemented by Abt Associates Inc. with an overall goal of improving public sector HIV clinical services in the three provinces within a strengthened comprehensive primary health care system. The purpose of this performance evaluation of the CHASS-SMT was to determine how the project's activities were performed relative to their objectives. The evaluation was to provide an objective view of progress towards the expected results. The main objectives were to (a) assess CHASS-SMT achievements emphasizing project-level results; (b) identify implementation successes as well as any internal and external constraints that hindered the implementation of planned activities; and (c) propose recommendations for future directions of the CHASS project. (Excerpt)


This paper considers the optimal replacement problem of a repairable system consisting of one component and a single repairman, by using the geometric process. We consider the placement policy T based on the age of the system .The problem is to determine the optimal replacement policy such that the long runexpected costs per unit time is minimized.Also,the explicit expression of the long run expected costs per unit time can be found.


Palm Oil is in abundant supply in Benue State in particular and Nigeria in general. But it is ironical to note that this commodity has only found limited use in the kitchen and cosmetic industries This paper deals with the use of Palm oil as an alternative dielectric coolant for distribution level transformers. The research is consequent upon the obvious importance of transformers in electrical power supply networks and the present realization that the existing method of cooling falls short of specifications. Most importantly, is the inability of mineral and petroleum oils to comply with environmental regulation Laws. In order to verify the suitability of Refined bleached and deodorized Palm oil as an alternative dielectric transformer coolant, a detailed investigations of dielectric properties like dielectric dissipation factor tan δ , relative permittivity δr,, humidity content and breakdown strength under AC stress were carried out. Relevant parameters, with respect to electrical and dielectric properties, are water content and oil temperature as well as field strength and frequency. Results obtained are compared to conventional mineral oil based insulating fluid Shell Diala D. The comparison shows that properties of refined bleached and deodorized Palm oil are better than mineral oil Shell Diala D particularly the breakdown voltage and the humidity content, the dielectric dissipation factor and relative permittivity also satisfy operation requirements. Based on results obtained from this work, it is recommended that a practical refined bleached and deodorized Palm oil based dielectric coolant can be incorporated into transformer insulation systems in the electricity distribution networks with little or no modifications.


A hole-free installation device for china bottle installation angle iron relates to a connecting plug. One of two screws (8) penetrates through a through hole (6) on an inner side buckle plate (9) to be connected with a screw hole (5) at the upper portion of an n-shaped plate (4), the other screw (8) penetrates through a through hole (6) at the lower portion of an outer side buckle plate (10) to be connected with a screw hole (50) at the lower portion of the inner side buckle plate (9), and a clamp structure for angle iron (7) is formed between the inner side buckle plate (9) and the outer side buckle plate (10). The hole-free installation device overcomes the defect of waste of angle iron in the prior art through clamp of the inner side buckle plate and the outer side buckle plate on the angle iron.


We have purified factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex from rabbit plasma and prepared a specific guinea-pig antiserum to the von Willebrand factor antigen. It was used for electroimmunodiffusion to determine von Willebrand factor level in rabbit plasma and for crossed immunoelectrophoresis to study its electrophoretic behavior. Rabbit von Willebrand factor had properties similar to human von Willebrand factor with respect to molecular weight, size heterogeneity, mobility and pattern in electroimmunodiffusion and crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and content in plasma. Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels in rabbits ranged between 46 and 147% of the standard plasma. Responses of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen and factor VIII to various bioactive agents were investigated with rabbits. When a small dose of adrenalin, a large dose of noradrenalin, and endotoxin were injected, plasma von Willebrand factor antigen level and ratio of von Willebrand factor antigen to factor VIII activity were elevated in different fashions during 6 hours after administration. The findings could deliver some information about the mechanism of changes in plasma von Willebrand factor observed in human diseases.


The designation of ship emission control areas in China evidenced increased attention to ship emissions. Ships calling ports along inland waterways are of particular concern as their emissions exacerbate air pollution in nearby cities. Adapting the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model to the local context, this study combines data from Automatic Identification System, vessel profile database, and field investigation results to build a "bottom-up" activity-based inventory of ship emissions. The Nanjing Longtan Container Port was taken as a case study. Results show that total ship emissions for PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and CO2 in 2014 are 3.45, 2.76, 196.00, 2.90, 20.62, 8.13, and 12,554.29 t, respectively. Accordingly, ship emission reduction measures were proposed based on the analysis of emission characteristics. The methods and conclusions of the study provide a scientific basis for the inventory and control of the ship emissions in China.


Combining multiple models of parental communication under one guiding theoretical framework, this project employed Burleson, Delia, and Applegate's (1995) theory of position-centered versus person-centered parenting to examine the extent to which different methods of parental communication help foster adult children's confidence in their functional competencies. The findings revealed that person-centered parental strategies (e.g., conversation orientation and emotion coaching) were positively linked, and the position-centered parenting technique of emotion dismissing was negatively associated with adult children's perceived development of specific social competencies. Overall, people's perceptions of their parents' communication seem to have long-lasting implications on individuals' own levels of perceived interpersonal savoir faire.


This research aims  to  determine  the  influence  of  Promotion  and  Service  Quality  on  Consumer  interest  in  the  office  of  the  district  of Tiban  Kampung  Batam  City,  as well as  proving  there  is  or whether  the  relationship  between  these  variabel  as  seen from  the phenomena  that  occur  in  the  presence  of  the  costumer   in  the  office  the  District  of  Tiban  Kampung  Batam  City. The  data  are  collected  with  a  questionnaire  on  87  costumer.  Research  on  data  analysis  using  SPSS  version   20.  Data  collection   technique   in  the  quantitative   research used  is  a  descriptive  analysis  and  analysis  of  inferensial. The  research  resulted  in  that  there  was  a  relationship  very  closely  between  promotion  (X 1 )  on  the  consumer  interest   (Y),  There  is  a  positive  and  significant    effect  service quality  (X 2 )  on  the  performance  of  consumer  interest  (Y).  There  is  a  positive  and  significant  effect  simultaneously between  promotion  (X 1 )  and  service  quality  (X 2 )  on  the  consumer  interest  (Y) the equation of  Y i  = 0,385  –  X 1  (0,007) + X 2 (0,796).


Nonverbal communication has been noticed for centuries1 and recently has become a major focus of attention for researchers and practitioners in many different fields. Although nonverbal communication has been subjected to intensive scientific study for over twenty-five years,3 lawyers have just begun to realize what others have long known: nonverbal behavior is extremely important in determining the nature of communication and the relationship between the communicators.4


There are issues of economical relations regulation by economical and legal laws examined in the article. Economical laws are the main. The legal one must agree with it. Otherwise there are problems and economical recessions emerging in the economy. There are some proposals on non-admission of these negative developments formulated.


Combining mesh‐less finite difference method and least square approximation, a new numerical model is developed for water wave propagation model in two horizontal dimensions. In the numerical formulation of the method, the approximation of the unknown functions and their derivatives are constructed on a set of nodes in a local circular‐shaped region. The Boussinesq equations studied in this paper is a fully nonlinear and highly dispersive model, which is composed of the exact boundary conditions and the truncated series expansion solution of the Laplace equation. The resultant system involves a sparse, unsymmetrical matrix to be solved at each time step of the simulation. Matrix solutions are studied to reduce the computing resource requirements and improve the efficiency and accuracy. The convergence properties of the present numerical method are investigated. Preliminary verifications are given for nonlinear wave shoaling problems; the numerical results agree well with experimental data available in the literature. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


EVA and FCF,two kinds of financial systems,are of respective advantages and disadvantages on four items as logical premise,value management targets,valuation methodology,performance and emoluments system.Valuation Stratagem Module integrates the merits of EVA and FCF as well as avoids their demerits to the great extend.Therefore,the superiority of the module can be presented in the investment decision and the operational administration analysis decision for the value management of enterprises.


Automated feature recognition has recognized as the front end of fully automated computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems. Automated feature recognition is considered to be the link between computer aided design (CAD) and CAPP systems. Feature recognition converts the geometrical and topological data contained in CAD file into application orientated features for planning purposes. This work introduces an automated rule based feature recognition algorithm to extract prismatic features from a boundary representation (Brep) solid model. The automatic feature recognition algorithm is developed using ACIS geometric kernel and C++ object oriented programming. The recognition system input is a Brep solid model in sat format. The developed algorithm is a part of a complete computer aided inspection planning system.


This paper is intended to outline the correlation between Bioethics and the techno-scientific revolutions initiated by genomics and neurobiology (briefly described herein), emphasising the two-tier power of such technologies: as a means of knowledge and as a tool that may alter


1. What is the extent to which ideologies delineate a consensual structure, reflecting a cultural grouping that may adopt constitutional forms? As against that, ideologies have to be investigated as the products of conflict over time, offering an increasing plurality of viewpoints, all of which may be contested. Connected to that was the question whether particular institutional arrangements, such as constitutions, offer ideological cohesion and delimit democratic ideologies from revolutionary ones. Indeed, the existence of a democratic culture—a constraint on ideological ranges—could itself be the ideational and constitutional environment in which a multiplicity of ideologies emerged. 2. Were the boundaries of an ideology determined by participants or observers, and how were those boundaries the products of discursive struggles to legitimate or outlaw certain idea configurations or idea paths? 3. What was the overlap between ideology analysis and Begriffsgeschichte? One way of looking at that was to present Begriffsgeschichte as exploring the conceptual struggle among concepts that built up different semantic fields of meaning from which ideologies emerged. 4. What were the reasons for the ascendancy of a particular ideology and its dependence on crucial points of appropriation of language? 5. Did ideologies require mass appeal and how did they relate to demagoguery? 6. What was the relative weight of institutions such as governments and parliaments in disseminating ideologies, and how important was the method of communicating an ideology in shaping it? 7. Was path dependence a useful notion in explaining the evolution of ideologies or was that too teleological an approach and one that diminished the role of agency and imagination? 8. Do crises have a special role in the formation of ideologies, because fear concerning the future is a catalyst in searching for new solutions? 9. Are ideologies mainly the product of large scale conscious change in relation to pre-ideological situations or are they discernible more generally in cultural and ideational combinations? Journal of Political Ideologies (June 2006), 11(2), 183–184


Skills in respiratory assessment may be helpful to the orthopaedic nurse since many orthopaedic conditions will have pulmonary sequelae. Upon becoming familiar with the systematic process of respiratory assessment, the nurse may be able to identify deviations from the norm and relate those findings to the overall conditions of the patients. By doing so, the nurse continues to be a prime contributor to the care of the patient, which is provided in concert with other clinical professionals.


It is believed that the students in a foreign language class are having difficulties where they tend to be more worried and anxious during the learning period (Price, 1991). Since anxiety can influence the foreign language learning and acquisition, it is necessary to increase the awareness on the severity of the problem. This study was conducted to identify the students perceptions as well as to determine the differences of anxiety level for different gender, race and the three different groups which are the TESL group, Elective (With Credit) group and Elective (Without Credit) group who enrolled in the Japanese language class based on different purposes. A total of 96 respondents in this study were taken among UTM students. The instrument used in this study was a set of questionnaire adapted from the measurement scale of foreign language anxiety called FLCAS (Foreign Language Class Anxiety Scale) which was introduced by Horwitz (1983). The questionnaire consisted of two different sections which were the personal details and the contributing factors of foreign language anxiety. The factors are the Communication Apprehension, Fear of Negative Evaluation, General Feeling of Anxiety and Overall Level of Anxiety. The responses in the questionnaires were represented by using the Likert Scale. The data obtained were analyzed by using SPSS version 10 where it involved the use of percentage, frequency, t-Test and One- Way ANOVA. The findings of this study indicate that there are significant differences of anxiety level between race and Communication Apprehension factor as well as between groups and General Feeling of Anxiety factor. However, there are no significant differences between the anxiety level and gender for all the anxiety factors.


A theory is developed for the time variation of the intensity I of the specular beam in reflection diffraction of electrons, atoms, etc. under conditions of in-phase scattering from the surface of a growing thin epitaxial film. The theory of polylayer growth of crystals and thin films is used to obtain expressions for the dependence of I on time t in the case of homoepitaxially growing films. The oscillation of I during growth of a single monolayer is analyzed in detail and it is shown how experimental data for the amplitude of I and for the time of reaching the minimum of I can be used for determination of basic kinetic characteristics of the processes of two-dimensional nucleation and growth in the monolayer. A good agreement between theory and experiment is found when the theoretical I(t) dependence for homoepitaxial growth of a single monolayer is confronted with the first intensity oscillation observed experimentally in He beam diffraction under in-phase scattering conditions during growth of Cu(100) from vapours.

[Russian Text Ignored].


Thecourse ofsugar fluxes into andoutofprotoplasts isolated fromthe mesophyll ofPisum sativum L.hasbeenfollowed overbrief time intervals (minutes). Light strongly stimulated netsugar influx atpH8aswell asat pH5.5. Theproton conductor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)inhibited initial influx inthelight, bothatpH8.0andatpH5.5. CCCPwaswithout effect inthedarkateither pH.Allthese results applied bothtosucrose andtothenonmetabolizable glucose analog 3-0-methyl-Dglucose. Whenprotoplasts atpH5.5weretransferred fromlight todarkness, "stored" light driving force maintained uptake inthedark atthefull light rate forthefirst 7minutes. AtpH8,however, even4minutes after transfer todark, uptake waswell below thelight rate. Initial uptake rates overa range ofexternal concentrations werederived fromprogress curves obtained inthelight andinthedark, both atpH5.5andat7.7. Wheninitial rate wasplotted against concentration, simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics wereobserved only under thecondition pH5.5, light. Inthedarkatboth pHvalues, andinthelight atpH7.7, complex curves withintermediate plateaus wereobtained, strongly resembling curves reported forsystems where mixednegative andpositive cooperativity isoperating. Thesame"K,. forprotons" wasobserved inthedarkandinthelight (10-7 molar). Switching protoplasts inthedark frompH8to5.5 failed to drive sugar transport byimposed protonmotive force, asjudged bylack of sensitivity toCCCP.Switching protoplasts which hadtaken upsugar in thedarkatpH5.5 topH7induced netefflux ofsugar. Fluxanalysis showed that this effect wasentirely duetotheprompt fall ininflux. Itisconcluded fromthekinetic experinents that protonation alone is notsufficient toconvert thesugar transport system toitsfiully activated high affinity form. Afurther Light-dependent factor which actssynergisticafly withprotonation isrequired.


A young man with a 20‐year history of agonizing pain arising from a lump which was overlying the metacarpo‐phalangeal joint of his left thumb. This was unrelieved by surgery carried out 3 years after the onset of symptoms. Further operation was performed and the lesion proved to be a fibrous histiocytoma. The differential diagnosis is discussed.


In this paper, motivated by the setting of white-space detection [1], we present theoretical and empirical results for detection of the zero-support E of x \in Cp (xi = 0 for i \in E) with reduced-dimension linear measurements. We propose two low- complexity algorithms based on one-step thresholding [2] for this purpose. The second algorithm is a variant of the first that further assumes the presence of group-structure in the target signal [3] x. Performance guarantees for both algorithms based on the worst- case and average coherence (group coherence) of the measurement matrix is presented along with the empirical performance of the algorithms.


Developedmining of rock rawmaterials in Poland includesmainly the southern and central part of the country. In this area particularly developed is the mining of carbonate raw materials, where the geological resources of limestone andmarl at the end of 2011 amounted to over 18million tonnes. In the forefront in terms of carbonate raw materials exploitation are regions such as: opolski, krakowsko-czestochowsko-wielunski, swietokrzyski and lubelski. Cement and lime industry in these regions include the largest mines with an annual exploitation of more than 1 million tonnes per year. In terms of exploitation of limestone and marl mining in Poland occupies a significant position in the annual exploitation of 49 million tonnes per year. The largest share in the exploitation of limestone and marl falls to provinces swietokrzyskie more than 22 million tonnes per year and opolskie than 9 million tonnes per year. Mining exploiting minerals for cement and lime industry are fully privatized and their owners are European and world renowned companies whose productive and ecological investment cause that industry is becoming one of the most modern in Poland. Despite the progressive development of cement-lime sector the status of management of limestone and marl deposits is at a medium level. Currently exploitation is about 33,6% of the identified deposits, where the share of deposits identified in both pre-and in detail the geological resource balance exceeds 60%. On the state of management of cement-lime materials influenced mainly sozological restrictions, therefore, that the deposits are often located in areas with special natural values and the high cost of land acquisition and fees incurred in connection with the need to change the function of the site. So often the costs associated with the acquisition of land and change his destiny make exploataion of deposit unprofitable.


Derivatives of poly(1-vinylimidazolium chloride) possessing chemosensor properties to cations and anions were synthesized by quaternization of poly-(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) (Mw ~ 63000) by alkylating compounds containing anthracene fluorophore. Poly({3-[2-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)amino]ethyl}-1-vinylimidazolium chloride) demonstrates selectivity with more than a 20 fold increase in relative fluorescence intensity I/I0 in the presence of Zn cations. Poly({3-[2-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)(3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1-vinylimidazolium chloride) acts as a chemosensor for AcO, changing the color of its DMSO solution from pale yellow to bright orange.


The net primary productivity (NPP) of tropi- cal forests is one of the most important and least quan- tified components of the global carbon cycle. Most rel- evant studies have focused particularly on the quantifica- tion of the above-ground coarse wood productivity, and lit- tle is known about the carbon fluxes involved in other el- ements of the NPP, the partitioning of total NPP between its above- and below-ground components and the main en- vironmental drivers of these patterns. In this study we quantify the above- and below-ground NPP of ten Amazo- nian forests to address two questions: (1) How do Ama- zonian forests allocate productivity among its above- and below-ground components? (2) How do soil and leaf nu- trient status and soil texture affect the productivity of Ama- zonian forests? Using a standardized methodology to mea- sure the major elements of productivity, we show that NPP varies between 9.3±1.3 Mg C ha 1 yr 1 (mean±standard er- ror), at a white sand plot, and 17.0±1.4 Mg C ha 1 yr 1 at a very fertile Terra Preta site, with an overall average of 12.8±0.9 Mg C ha 1 yr 1 . The studied forests allocate on average 64±3% and 36±3% of the total NPP to the above- and below-ground components, respectively. The ratio of above-ground and below-ground NPP is almost invariant with total NPP. Litterfall and fine root production both in- crease with total NPP, while stem production shows no over- all trend. Total NPP tends to increase with soil phospho- rus and leaf nitrogen status. However, allocation of NPP to below-ground shows no relationship to soil fertility, but ap- pears to decrease with the increase of soil clay content.


Cassva residual is leftover bits and pieceses of starch's and citric acid's factory ,domestic and abroad and discard to measure quite heavy every year, which have polluted the enviroment seriously.This experiment adopt to routine combine together by one with atom absorbtion spectrophoto meter.Study the nutritive value of the residual is drawn every content of mutritional labeling by the experiment as follows:Crude protein :4.92%,thick fat:1.96%, coarse fibber:14.46%,crude ash: 23.36%, Ca:8.45%,P:0.048%, Cu:24.02mg/kg, Zn:47.30 mg/kg, Mn:66.20 mg/kg.


According to Elizabeth Deeds Ermarth, the aim of History in the Discursive Condition (2012), the last of three major studies of history and literature (mainly nineteenth-century) in the periods of modernity and postmodernity, is a substantial rethinking of the fundamental challenges to modernity, evident in the last 100 years or so. During the first 500 years of its existence, modernity has, according to Ermarth, sponsored an impressive variety of related accomplishments, including cartography, exploration, empirical science, humanism, painting, religious reformation, and representation in politics and art. But in recent years (mainly the early twentieth century) the philosophical and other foundations of the assumptions that supposedly supported these accomplishments have been variously challenged, mainly as a result of advances in language studies, anthropology, theoretical physics, philosophy, visual art, technology, literature and film. So extensive have been these challenges that they may well add up not to an incremental change in modernity but to a paradigmatic shift from a knowledge paradigm based on objectification to one based on systematic understanding. The model for the sort of systematic understanding that Ermarth is referring to is the systematic understanding of language first promoted by Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics (1915). Ermarth's analysis of the paradigmatic shift she identifies, and the evidence on which it is based, was first presented in two major works: Realism and Consensus in the English Novel (1983), and Sequel to History: Postmodernism and the Crisis of Representational Time (1992). In Realism and Consensus,


Currently, the deficiencies of the 5G mobile system as an enabler of Internet of Everything (IoE) applications are stimulating global research activities to focus on the sixth generation (6G) wireless system. The potential of IoE is enormous and growing exponentially. With the dawn of the fifth industrial revolution, IoE is transposing into industrial Internet of Everything (IIoE) projects which are complex and are eventuating to become a prominent technology for all industries offering new opportunities. This study embodies a synthesis of 6G, IoT, IoE, IIoE exhaustive literature review advancing knowledge to facilitate theory development. For the first time, a novel theoretical framework for the 6G-enabled IIoE (henceforth referred to as 6GIIoE) system was developed. Judiciously, sequential methodology is best suited for this emerging discipline research to create significant new knowledge in the literature contributing eternal insights to expound valuable contexts to ruminate significant findings. The theoretical framework developed recognizes 6GIIoE priority areas, challenges, and applications bestowing a guide for 6G-enabled IIoE initiatives divulging opportunities for future research activities.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the immunoreactivity status of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in normal tissues, in tumors of the human choroid plexus, and in other brain tumors.

METHODS
In total, 135 cases of various types of brain tumors were selected. Tissue samples were immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal anti-5-LO antibody.

RESULTS
Nuclear reactivity was observed in most brain tumors, with most of the positive tumor cells exhibiting low-level reactivity. Cytoplasmic strong immunoreactivity for 5-LO (2+ or 3+) was only observed in 8.8% of astrocytic tumors, 0% of oligodendrogliomatous tumors, 5.6% of ependymal tumors, 0% of embryonal tumors, 3.1% of meningeal tumors, and 0% of metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. In contrast, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for 5-LO was detected in all 27 cases of choroid plexus tumors. Twenty-five cases showed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that cytoplasmic 5-LO immunoreactivity is highly characteristic of human choroid plexus tumors but not other central nervous system tumor types. Cytoplasmic staining for 5-LO may prove to be a useful immunoreactive marker in the diagnosis of choroid plexus tumors.


Purpose: Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in tumor tissues and the peripheral blood of cancer patients and may persist after therapies. This cross-sectional study examines effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on Treg numbers and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Experimental Design: The frequency and absolute numbers of CD4+, ATP-hydrolyzing CD4+CD39+ and CD8+ T cells, and expression levels of CD39, CD25, TGF-β–associated LAP and GARP on Treg were measured by flow cytometry in 40 healthy donors (NC) and 71 HNSCC patients [29 untreated with active disease (AD); 22 treated with surgery; 20 treated with CRT]. All treated subjects had no evident disease (NED) at the time of phlebotomy. In an additional cohort of 40 subjects with AD (n = 15), NED (n = 10), and NC (n = 15), in vitro sensitivity of CD4+ T-cell subsets to cisplatin and activation-induced cell death (AICD) was tested in Annexin V–binding assays. Results: CRT decreased the frequency of circulating CD4+ T cells (P < 0.002) but increased that of CD4+CD39+ Treg (P ≤ 0.001) compared with untreated or surgery-only patients. Treg frequency remained elevated for >3 years. CRT increased surface expression of LAP, GARP, and CD39 on Treg. In vitro Treg were resistant to AICD or cisplatin but conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) were not. CRT-induced Treg from AD or NC subjects upregulated prosurvival proteins whereas Tconv upregulated proapoptotic Bax. Conclusions: Highly suppressive, cisplatin-resistant Treg increase in frequency and persist after CRT and could be responsible for suppression of antitumor immune responses and recurrence in HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6585–96. ©2013 AACR.


Laceration of the intercostal artery during pleural procedures is a rare but serious complication. This study evaluates the utility of thoracic ultrasound (US) to screen for a vulnerable vessel compared with the gold standard computed tomography (CT).


Abstract: Hispanics constitute the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. As the country's fastest growing demographic, social welfare and public health professionals need to focus on ameliorating HIV-related health disparities affecting Hispanics. This study evaluated an innovative HIV prevention effort with Hispanic young adults in South Florida that utilized a social media based platform to increase access to critical HIV prevention information and services. This study (1) evaluated the effectiveness of exposure to the online campaign using an experimental design and (2) provided a systematic review of the campaign's content and user interactivity. Hispanic young adults (ages 18-24) completed baseline and follow-up assessments focused on risk perceptions and incorporation of HIV preventive behaviors. Mixed ANOVA and logistic regression analysis revealed no significant differences between groups (exposure versus no exposure to the online campaign); however, there was a statistically significant increase in awareness of HIV prevention services across both study conditions (p< .001). Findings reflect the challenges of and opportunities for conducting HIV prevention work online and suggest areas of future research for enhancing online engagement among hard to reach populations.


This paper is concerned with enhancing data utility in the privacy watchdog method for attaining information-theoretic privacy. For a specific privacy constraint, the watchdog method filters out the high-risk data symbols through applying a uniform data regulation scheme, e.g., merging all high-risk symbols together. While this method entirely trades the symbols resolution off for privacy, we show that the data utility can be greatly improved by partitioning the high-risk symbols set and individually privatizing each subset. We further propose an agglomerative merging algorithm that finds a suitable partition of high-risk symbols: it starts with a singleton high-risk symbol, which is iteratively fused with others until the resulting subsets are private. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of this algorithm in privately achieving higher utilities in the watchdog scheme.


Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells depends on the assembly of the pre-replicationcomplexes containing two hexamers, the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) and theMinichromosome maintenance/DNA Replication Licensing complex (MCM), and on subsequentconformational changes in the MCM complex leading to the formation of a competent DNAreplication complex, firing of the DNA polymerase and disassembly of the MCM. The dynamicsof the MCM complex is under the control of two Ser/Thr kinases, the Cell cycle-dependentkinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cell division cycle gene 7 (Cdc7). The precise substrates of the kinases atthe origins and the sequence of events leading to the origins firing are not well understood.Using the two hybrid selection in yeast, we have identified a novel gene, the Cdk2 interactingprotein, CINP. We show that CINP is a component of the active cyclin E /Cdk2 and cyclin A/Cdk2 complexes. CINP also interacts with Cdc7 and is phopshorylated by Cdc7, but not byCdk2. We further show that CINP binds to chromatin in a replication-dependent manner, andassociates with ORC2-containing complexes and MCM. We propose that CINP is part of theCdc7-dependent mechanism of origin firing and a functional and physical link between Cdk2and Cdc7 complexes at the origins.


This research was developed under the projects: Forest and scrubland management from Iron Age to roman period in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: firewood consumption and wooden manufacture production; IDEPatri ‑Design and development of a data model for an archaeological SPI during the Galician Iron Age – 09SEC002CT; Bronze Age Landscapes in the West of Iberian Peninsula – SFRH/BSAB/986/10 and Geoindicators of natural and anthropogenic palaeoenvironmental evolution in the Portuguese NW, during de Holocene – 2010/CGUP/CCT/UM.


This paper builds a two-country DSGE model to study the quantitative impact of …nancial frictions on business cycle co-movements when investors have foreign asset exposure. The investor in each country holds capital in both countries and faces a leverage constraint on her debt. I show quantitatively that …nancial frictions along with foreign asset exposure give rise to a multiplier e¤ect that ampli…es the transmission of shocks between countries. The key mechanism is that a negative shock in the home country reduces the wealth of investors in both countries which tightens their leverage constraints, leading to a fall in the investment, consumption, and hours worked in the foreign country. Compared to the existing literature, which tends to produce either negative or positive but small cross-country correlations, this model produces positive and sizable correlations that are consistent with the data. The model can account for 2/3 of the output correlation, most of the employment correlation and a positive investment correlation. In addition, the model also shows that, consistent with empirical …ndings, when investors have more foreign asset exposure to the other country, the output correlation between the two countries increases. I am very grateful to Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, Urban Jermann, Harold L. Cole and Frank Schorfheide for their advice and support. I thank seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the University of Pennsylvania. firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, 160 McMeil, Philadelphia, PA 19104


The diagnosis of heart failure is becoming common with a prevalence of more than five million patients and over five hundred thousand new cases reported per year. A disease primarily of the elderly, its recent increase is likely due to the general aging of the population as well as improved survival of patients after myocardial infarction or other index events that lead to impaired ventricular function. A clinical syndrome not characterized by a single presentation, heart failure is frequently seen in the emergency department (ED) which is the most common portal of entry for hospital admission. Multiple challenges exist in management of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), including appropriate recognition and differentiation from other causes of dyspnea as well as choice of therapeutic regimen. The latter has recently become more of an issue as therapeutic decision-making had been somewhat stagnant over the past two decades due to a paucity of new, effective pharmacologic agents available to treat ADHF. This report will focus on three main objectives: 1) describe the role of nesiritide in the management of ADHF, with particular emphasis on concerns of increased morbidity and mortality recently raised in two meta-analyses; 2) Review additional mortality data not reported in the aforementioned papers in an attempt to further elucidate the potential risk of therapy; and 3) Describe recommendations for current "risk appropriate" use of nesiritide in ADHF, as well as future directions for investigation.


I examine Danny Kaye's on-screen queer persona, arguing that his manic performance style gives historical specificity to his distinctive signification of gender and sexual ambiguities. Specifically, three signature elements constitute Kaye's performances in his 1940s musicals: the doubled identities, suggesting the closet; the association of Jewishness with Broadway sophistication and effeminate masculinity; and the popularity in this period of "Freudism" and fantasy. I then consider how that queer persona fared in the more conservative period of the 1950s, especially in the light of Kaye's identification as a children's entertainer.


Part I. Popper as a philosopher of science: 1. An appraisal of Popperian methodology Daniel M. Hausman 2. The natural order J. Klant Part II. Popper among the economists: 3. Ad hocness in economics and the Popperian tradition D. Wade Hands 4. Popper and the LSE economists Neil de Marchi Part III. Falsification and trying to do without it: 5. The case for falsification Terence W. Hutchison 6. John Hicks and the methodology of economics Mark Blaug Part IV. The missing chapter: empirical work and its appraisal: 7. Finding a satisfactory empirical model Mary Morgan 8. The neo-Walrasian program is empirically progressive E. Roy Weintraub Part V. Non-Popperian perspectives on economics: 9. The case for pluralism Bruce J. Caldwell 10. Thick and thin methodologies in the history of economic thought Donald N. McCloskey 11. Economics as discourse Arjo Klamer.


In a certain sense,the calligraphy can become the symbol of Chinese traditional culture and the civilization of Chinese nation.The calligraphy belongs not only to China but also to the world.The key value of this explanation lies not in calligraphy intrinsic properties of Buddhism hair,but in the establishment of legal status of calligraphy's survival and the expanding of calligraphy's worldwide social influence.


This handbook is designed to complement the main report (MR-1110-A). It is intended to provide the analyst the substance of the concepts and metrics for assessing national power without presenting extensive background or the analytic underpinning contained in the main document.


Painting as an Art by Richard Wollheim, London: Thames and Hudson, 1987, 384 pp., 30 colour plates, 358 b. and w. ills., £28. The A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, 1984, delivered at the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC


In the past two decades, considerable efforts and achievements have been made m the application of quantum :field theoretical methods to statistical mechanics of many-body systems.1> This application is a natural consequence of the mathematical equivalence of the Schrodinger equation to the Bloch equation for the density matrix when it is replaced by {3= (kT)1• Thus, the Feynman-type graphs have now been widely exploited in statistical mechanics. Nevertheless, there remain some difficulties in handling the iteration series for the density matrix obtained from the Bloch equation. For instance, it is difficult to resum the interation series in general. In the case of Coulomb potential, divergent ingetrals appear in the series, and in the case of hard-sphere potentials, the standard iteration method fails. The pseudopotential and the binary kernel methods have been introduced by Lee and Yang2> to avoid the latter difficulty. However, even with these techniques, it is still difficult to evaluate terms which are of higher in the hard-sphere diameter. Apart from these serious difficulties, there are some minor problems to be settled. For instance, because of the very reason that the application of quantum :field theoretical methods started almost simultaneously in several schools, there have been developed a variety of· graphical representations and methods, the interrelations of which being not always clear. This paper is written to clarify some points which have come to our attention particularly in connection with a recent article published in this Journal.8> In the following section, we shall introduce a binary kernel and discuss its


MOREIRA, Erika Vanessa. The rurality and multifunctionality in rural spaces of Piedade and Pilar do Sul-SP. Presidente Prudente, 2012. (Doctor's degree in Geography) School of Science and Technology – Paulista State University, Presidente Prudente. This thesis aims to analysis the rurality and multifunctionality in rural spaces of Piedade and Pilar do Sul municipalities, in order to understand the regional specifics. Our thesis is that the existing functions in rural spaces of these municipalities are the outcome of urban demands that does not necessarily lead to marginalization of agriculture. By contrast, agriculture in both municipalities allowed and encouraged the existence of other functions. The contemporary rurality is not just a cultural feature perpetuated and built in rural spaces, but also the expression of a lifestyle in which the know-how, the interpersonal relationships and the values are established from the intersubjective relationship between people and space, regardless of their location – whether rural or urban. To achieve the goal of this thesis, we used a set of working methods, such as bibliographical research, data collection and systematization through secondary sources (from 1970 to 2006) and applied questionnaires to 90 and 67 farmers of Piedade and Pilar do Sul municipalities, respectively. There were also interviews with those responsible for public agencies related to tourism and agriculture and non-agricultural establishments. The social and economic strategies practiced by farmers were the parameters used to understand the contemporary rurality, because from them we can measure and compare the systems, the techniques, the adopted contractual relationships and so forth. The results of fieldwork support that agriculture is the main source of income for 85.1% and 74.4% of surveyed farmers, respectively, of Piedade and Pilar do Sul municipalities. We found that the combination of activities and income are ways of budget strategies. The use of wood stove, the "caipira" folk language, the use of medicinal herbs, and the strong religiosity are the cultural characteristics of residents in rural neighborhoods that remain to the current context.


Based on nonlinear finite element theory of beam-column element and combined with the characteristic of the large-span structure----Strarch, the excessive element rigidity matrix was proposed and the geometrically nonlinear static stability analysis program was made. Through the elastic-plastic analysis about the tension process of the structure, the key factors and controls parameters in the shaping process were expatiated. Following the characteristics in the tension process, such as the deformation, internal force, etc; rules of variety were compared and the rational range of shaping was drawn through several typical instances. The results can offer gist in designing or constructing similar structures and establish the foundation for the actual projects.[


— The main goal of this paper is to study the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for some class of nonlinear fractional pantograph systems with Ψ -Hilfer derivative. The proofs are based upon the coincidence degree theory of Mawhin. To show the e ffi ciency of the stated result, an illustrative example will be demonstrated


In these days, biomimetic apprioach in the design and control of robotic system has drawn much attention. The human-being and mammals possess their own feet. Using the mobility of their feet, they are able to walk in various environments such as plain land, desert, swamp, and so on. Previously developed biped robots and four-legged robots did not employ such adaptable foot. In this work, a biomimetic foot mechanism is investigated through analysis of the foot structure of the human-being. This foot mechanism consists of a toe, an ankle, a heel, and some springs replacing the foot muscles and tendons. Using five toes and springs, this foot can adapt to various environments. A mathematical modeling for this foot mechanism was performed and its characteristics were observed through numerical simulation.


It has been more than 25 years since investigators first discussed the existence of glioma "stem" cells,7,8 but only in the last 5 years or so have scientists been able to identify such cells in tumors based on expression of specific markers or defined phenotypes and behaviors.1,3,6,9,10 This type of identification has led to the hypothesis that therapies aimed at such cells within tumors would eliminate the glioma's ability to self-renew and thus be more efficacious than current treatments that target all of the neoplasm, but to which glioma stem cells are resistant. Therefore, the effort to seek new therapies that target such cells has become a hotbed of research. In this issue of the Journal of Neurosurgery, Ma et al.5 report that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in glioma cells that express the CD133 marker, previously shown to be one of the markers of "stemness."9 Based on this discovery of COX-2 overexpression, they were able to demonstrate antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against CD133+ glioma cells using the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in combination with radiation. They were able to demonstrate this effect both in vitro and in animal models (in vivo). Therefore, celecoxib may become a useful therapeutic agent against CD133+ glioma cells when used in combination with radiation. There are some limitations in the study. First, clinical trials of celecoxib in human patients with gliomas do not seem to show a therapeutic effect.4 Although these trials are not being conducted in combination with radiotherapy, such a finding still dampens enthusiasm for future use of this particular drug. Second, the data in Fig. 5A show that COX-2 expression was only partially inhibited by celecoxib, even at the highest dose tested. This raises the concern that the observed anticancer biological effect of celecoxib may result from a yet-undiscovered "off-target" effect. Third, their procedure to obtain CD133+ "stem" cells starts off with a population of CD133− cells from resected specimens that are then radiated to obtain radioresistant CD133+ cells. All subsequent comparisons are then made between the original parental CD133− cells and the derived radioresistant CD133+ cells. This is not the usual methodology for isolation of glioma "stem" cells, raising concern that the comparison is not between glioma non– stem cells and stem cells but rather between radiosensitive glioma cells and radioresistant cells. In fact, a recent report linked CD133 expression not to "stemness," but rather to a marker for "bioenergetic stress."2 In spite of these limitations, the study does raise awareness that drugs targeting a particular glioma subpopulation (the CD133+ subpopulation) can be discovered, raising the possibility that the future therapeutic armamentarium against these tumors will become stratified and "personalized" based on the molecular profile of the particular tumor.


ABSTRACT The authors use qualitative content analysis to examine common pedagogical practices in master's level group counseling classes. The results suggest a focus on knowledge rather than skill outcomes, an emphasis on experiential and didactic methods of instruction, and a heavy emphasis on written assignments as the evaluation method. Implications for teaching and research are briefly explored.


Establishing the system of professional qualifications of publishing specialty is a significant reform in the personnel system of publishing industry in our country.The system implemented in 2002.It has been playing an important role in completely promoting the specialty qualities of the working staff and pushing our publishing industry forward to a healthy,good-ordered development.What's more,much more efforts will be given to the supervision and management for the working staff during their working process.How to built a scientific,reasonable evaluating system and methods for editing hands is still an issue worthy of our considering a lot afterwards.


Widespread deployment of large-scale photovoltaics (PVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) in distribution networks necessitates the development of methods to assess their possible system impacts. One of the primary concerns related to the integration of these systems is short-circuit overcurrent protection problems. Present techniques use simulations of full and detailed distribution circuit models with a large number of scenarios to estimate the PV and ESS sizes a distribution feeder can accommodate without causing adverse impacts. As this process requires considerable time and effort, this paper develops a practical and simplified analytical approach to conservatively estimate a utility distribution feeder's accommodation limits without causing protection problems. Sympathetic tripping and relay insensitivity problems are considered in this paper under both symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault conditions. Using the analysis presented, the factors influencing these protection problems are determined to provide insights into relay settings. The feeder accommodation limits obtained using the proposed analytical approach are compared with those obtained using simulations of an actual detailed distribution circuit model. The findings show that the proposed approach is accurate in estimating the feeder's accommodation limits for integrating large-scale PV and ESS.


Objective: This paper is to probe effect of different intensities on the expression of HSP70 in kidney in normal condition after high temperature treatment,to observe the changes of SOD,MDA. Conclusion:High temperature treatment can enhance the expression of HSP70 in kidney and enhance renal responsion to damage of free radical in running.


Affordable, attainable, high-quality personal assistance services could enable millions of people with severe physical disabilities to lead productive and independent lives. Indeed, the degree to which these services are available and adequate in large part determines the potential of such persons to be employed and to be active participants in community life, regardless of the individual's inherent capability to achieve these goals. This article defines and estimates the need for such services and reviews literature that addresses issues of funding and service delivery mechanisms. The article analyses implications of a public policy focus on redirecting existing funding channels, the possibility of incorporating consumer control and other independent living concepts and techniques into existing service structures, the impact of reliance on family, and methods for making services available to a larger segment of the population in need.


A multiple-conveyer connection material circulating type multifunctional belt scale automatic check system relates to a field of measurement technique.The system is suitable for various belt conveyorswith different belt width and groove types, is capable of testing setting-in type belt scales and integrated type belt scales, is capable of performing a test subject of belt scales of measuring or belt scales of definite quantity, and is capable of simulating various bad work conditions and realizing cyclic utilization of bulk material for testingThe utility model is characterized in that multiple belt conveyors with different belt widths and lengths are connected end-to-end, folding layers (at least two layers) are performed, storage hoppers are positioned at the folding joints, and one ofthe storage hoppers is used as a load carrier for a control instrument. Various self-service instrument (PLC, upper monitors and the like) and video in-situ monitoring system are provided, and centralized remote operations of testing performances and functions of a belt scale can be performed in a central control room.


The organometallic complex of the new class can be used as a component of the catalyst system. The catalyst system can be used in the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer containing both an olefin and a polyene.


This reaction article highlights areas of agreement and disagreement with the study conducted by Hughes, Rycus, Saunders-Adams, Hughes, and Hughes on the current state of research and practice in differential response (DR). Overall, we agree with several of the arguments put forth by Hughes et al. regarding the limitations of DR research and the lack of a consistently defined and implemented DR practice model. These areas of agreement offer common ground on which to work together to move the field forward. However, we have concerns about the methodological rigor of the Hughes et al. study and questions about some of their findings and conclusions. We draw upon our current evaluation of a five-county DR research and demonstration project in Colorado to provide recommendations for enhancing the design and implementation of research on DR.


Fingerprint scaling refers to the adjustment of fingerprint images to solve the problem of sensor interoperability. In this paper, we present an innovative framework of fingerprint scaling with minimum modification to existing systems. For the purpose of facilitating system configuration, we have developed a series of scaling methods, including scaling factors, graph- and template-based scaling methods. In graph-based scaling methods, we have explored the application of various technologies in estimation of the average inter-ridge distance. In template-based scaling methods, we have developed an estimation method using Delaunay triangulation algorithm. The experiments show that the performance achieved by using this framework is better than that of original system. With a scaling module, the average EER in our experiments drops from 27.78% to 13.89%. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i3.2304


Abstract Alkylation of ethyl nitroacetate by solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis (PTC) in solvent-free conditions has been performed. In regard to other chemical procedures the method provide a simplification of the experimental procedure; however, not in all cases, yield are improved.


All states in this country that have taken a position on surrogacy have opted for nonenforcement of surrogacy contracts.' Nonetheless some, including Hill, still argue that surrogacy contracts should be enforced. In this comment I reassert my own disagreement with that position, which lies at the core of any debate over how the legal system should treat surrogacy. 2Thediscussion draws upon insights contributed by all four of the fine and thoughtful papers on surrogacy in this volume.


This paper is about Teachers' Attitudes towards Reflective Teaching and Professional Development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the different attitudes and beliefs teachers hold about Reflective Teaching and Professional Development. Before providing teachers with the different approaches, strategies and techniques that they can use to reflect upon their teaching practices and hopefully develop professionally, one should have a clear image about the different attitudes these teachers hold about reflection and professional development processes. Thus, this paper mainly aims at exploring these attitudes. The informants of this paper are mainly English language teachers. Because of time constraints, the focus is on teachers of English working in Khemisset. The data collection method used in this study is the questionnaire. The findings of the study confirm that most of informants have got negative attitudes towards reflective teaching and professional development. Future research has to be directed towards a deeper analysis of these attitudes using different research instruments.


NASA is transforming human spaceflight. The Agency is shifting from an exploration-based program with human activities in low Earth orbit (LEO) and targeted robotic missions in deep space to a more sustainable and integrated pioneering approach. Through pioneering, NASA seeks to address national goals to develop the capacity for people to work, learn, operate, live, and thrive safely beyond Earth for extended periods of time. However, pioneering space involves daunting technical challenges of transportation, maintaining health, and enabling crew productivity for long durations in remote, hostile, and alien environments. Prudent investments in capability and technology developments, based on mission need, are critical for enabling a campaign of human exploration missions. There are a wide variety of capabilities and technologies that could enable these missions, so it is a major challenge for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) to make knowledgeable portfolio decisions. It is critical for this pioneering initiative that these investment decisions are informed with a prioritization process that is robust and defensible. It is NASA's role to invest in targeted technologies and capabilities that would enable exploration missions even though specific requirements have not been identified. To inform these investments decisions, NASA's HEOMD has supported a variety of analysis activities that prioritize capabilities and technologies. These activities are often based on input from subject matter experts within the NASA community who understand the technical challenges of enabling human exploration missions. This paper will review a variety of processes and methods that NASA has used to prioritize and rank capabilities and technologies applicable to human space exploration. The paper will show the similarities in the various processes and showcase instances were customer specified priorities force modifications to the process. Specifically, this paper will describe the processes that the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Technology Assessment and Integration Team (TAIT) has used for several years and how those processes have been customized to meet customer needs while staying robust and defensible. This paper will show how HEOMD uses these analyses results to assist with making informed portfolio investment decisions. The paper will also highlight which human exploration capabilities and technologies typically rank high regardless of the specific design reference mission. The paper will conclude by describing future capability and technology ranking activities that will continue o leverage subject matter experts (SME) input while also incorporating more model-based analysis.


Chen Xuan was a man of great achievement during the initial stage of t he Ming-Dynasty. Although he did not hold an impo rtant post in the royal court, he made great contri bution to the society of the Ming-Dynasty. His contribution was very striking in CaoYun. To keep CaoYun unimpe ded, Chen Xuan along with other officials harne ssed the Grand Canal effectively. In fact, this greatly promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the South and the North and enforced econo mic connections of the Huang He River and the Chang Jiang valleys in China so that the unsteady factors, which would lead to t he separate and truculent situations, were decreased or avoided. At the same time, it also p layed a positive part in keeping the unity of multi-national state.


The present invention, saving the conductive layer for an electrode after forming a laminated structure of Ti / TiN / Ti to form a capping nitride film, and maintain a constant capacity of the capacitor, the etchant is stored in the oxide film on the capacitor forming a semiconductor element prevented from penetrating into the lower electrode area relates to a capacitor formed in a semiconductor device which minimizes the defects of the semiconductor element.


well on January 31, 1917, when the uterus and the right ovary (which appeared to be quite normal at the operation) were found to be freely movable. I saw the patient every year till June 21, 1920, when she was quite well, and the uterus and right ovary appeared normal. At that time she lost a good deal at the periods, using seven or eight diapers the first day. I examined her on May 16, 1923, six and a quarter years after the operation, when she was in excellent health and menstruated normally. The uterus and right ovary were of normal size and freely movable and the abdominal scar was sound. Microscopic Examination.-The tumour is a medullary carcinoma consisting of masses and tracts of epithelial cells of polygonal shape set in a fibrous stroma which for the most part forms narrow bands, but in places forms considerable tracts. There is extensive congestion of the stroma and haTmorrhages occur both in the stroma and in places in the epithelial masses. In the central parts of some of the larger masses are cystic spaces filled with d6bris. The haemorrhages are no doubt due to the torsion of the pedicle. There is very little small round-cell iDfiltration. Remarks.-This case, except that the tumour is larger, exactly resembles a case of ruptured medullary cancer of the ovary which I published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1915, viii (Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology), p. 61. In that case also only the affected ovary was removed and the patient subsequently had two children and was quite well seven years after the operation.


In this appendix, we describe the simulation study mentioned in Section 4 in detail. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method in cases where MICE-FCS cannot draw from a Bayesian joint model. The situations considered are (i) linear regression with a quadratic term, (ii) linear regression with an interaction term, (iii) the Cox proportional hazards models, and (iv) logistic regression with a binary covariate. Throughout the simulation studies, we consider the situation outcomes of the substantive model y to be univariate. For simplicity, we also assume y contains no missing components; however, imputing from the predictive distribution (as in Step 8 in the MCMC algorithm in Section 3) allows us to address the case y contains missing components in a straightforward manner. We consider the following throughout the simulation study: N = 400, the number of completely observed covariates v (q = 1), and the number of incompletely observed covariates w (p = 2). In order to compare the performance with MICE-FCS and SMC-FCS even when the normality assumptions are violated, we consider three cases, where the covariates xi = (wi,1, wi,2, vi,1) ′ have a different data generating process from (a) a multivariate normal distribution, (b) a multivariate log-normal distribution, or (c) a multivariate normal mixture distribution. For (a), namely, the multivariate normal distribution, xi is generated as MVN(0,Σx) for i = 1, ..., N , where Σx denotes the covariance structure with diagonal elements set to 1, and the pairwise off di-


In recent years, the demand for transparent and open process control systems that are also implemented consistently has emerged more strongly. An increasing specialisation in the individual technical areas is causing process suppliers to assign the automation of their facilities to specialist companies. In the process, a particular challenge is producing the information relevant for the partner and thus creating a functional interface between the two "worlds". The success of this step is of decisive importance for the project execution later. In previous joint projects, where ThyssenKrupp Xervon Energy supplied the furnace for a waste incineration plant and Cegelec was the main process control supplier, this interface was able to be implemented successfully on repeated occasions. What was important in the process was the joint development of an integrated operating concept in which the requirements and experiences of both partners were recognised. The cooperative work makes the project process easier and represents a competitive advantage, while the result achieved of a user-friendly and reliable facility benefits the customer.


During a search for cucurbit viruses in NWFP, a very severe disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.) characterized by leaf curling, chlorotic spots, vein clearing, mosaic, leaf distortion and enations on the upper leaf surface was identified in commercial fields in Mardan District, NWFP. Symptomatic plants were screened for the presence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immounosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Plants were also tested for the presence of begomoviruses by polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization using general probes. No sample was found positive for begomoviruses. The presence of CMV and ZYMV was confirmed by DAS-ELISA. Our results show that the severe disease found on melon in Mardan district is caused by multiple infections of two viruses and the severity result from synergism between two viruses.


Direct writing of conductive lines by laser chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is expected to be useful for microdevice interconnection formation because of its flexibility and high speed. Some pioneering work has been reported on direct writing for device fabrication1 and for gate-array customization.2 Recently, rapid maskless circuit correction technology has been developed for MOS LSIs with a commonly adopted two-level multilayered interconnection structure using Mo CVD from Mo(CO)e gas.3 For such multilayered interconnection restructuring, the written line should have high conductivity and low resistivity contact to an Al interconnection through a via hole. Higher allowable current density through the contact portion is also required for use in higher speed or higher current microdevices such as bipolar and linear LSIs. To meet these conditions, CVD gas selection is one of the most important factors. From practical points of view, such as safety and anti-corrosion, Mo(CO)6 or W(CO)6 is generally selected as the CVD source gas. Recently, directly written W from W(CO)6 gas has been reported to have substantially low resistivity.4


Humans have senior intelligence which general animals do not have .it is necessary to use human intelligence furthest, with a higher standard to consider our sports training. The article research and discuss the application of the psychological suggestion training in sports training in psychology .The results show that introducing psychology to sport training can not only improve the training effect, and can promote the sports training to a higher level. Of course, psychological suggestion is supplementary mean in sports training. Only linking training of psychological suggestion and the actual training closely together, can obtain good results. Keywords-psychological suggestion training, sports training I. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUGGESTION TRAINING PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING Psychological suggestion refers to the reflection of image of the human sense of the past things, which is the basis of sensation and perception, is the trace of the brain during the perception process. So the object that psychology suggests reflected is not through the current directly organ, but is senses of the trace in the brain in the past .Psychology training is depicted own sports in the brain, using the means of seeking memory, recognize the actual sports process of muscle contraction again, so that to achieve it have the same effect as the actual sports muscle contraction. According to the theory of sports memory, there are two big systems to control our reflection memory: one is through sports, the body of human's sensory memory; The second one is using the form of memory. The two big system are closely linked to a series of memory of human about the language, so they are called the series of "language" memory. human sensory memory, is describing the sports things have experienced , so that human body's nerve endings changed , and many research results have proved that. For example using the bio-electric phenomenon, Japanese Sport Psychologist, zhuwugong hong regarded the EMG as his indexes, use jacobson to show the man's situation of psychological suggestion according to his own sport experience. He let the man lay supine and be relaxed, when he describe a special ports, the man's muscle contraction would change, the EMG would show the change, and then compare this change to the actual situation, the result show that the man's muscle contraction changed strongly when described a special sport, even more stronger than the actual sports. Another Japanese sports psychologist Fujita EEG, takes electroencephalography, eye movement, movement of the limbs electrocardiograph, pulse breathing as his indicators, such as further by comprehensive methods, gymnastics, swimming, skiing and other athletes as test object, let them be engaged in the most good at sports psychological hint, and then record them. Results also showed the same as the actual movement of regular reflect the test pattern, especially appeared on the alpha blockade like now, on the pulse and breathing test pattern also appeared obvious with the different reflection of relaxation. They provide tables as the reliability of the training effectiveness in learning. II. THE VALUE OF THE APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING


In this paper we demonstrate the adoption of both electrophoresis (EP) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces inside a nanoconfinement region to stretch single dsDNA molecule and control the moving speed. By adjusting DEP field inside the nanopore, the opening of the virtual nanopore can be manipulated to drag or trap dsDNA molecule in the virtual nanochannel region. EP force was applied to stretch the dsDNA across the virtual nanopore. The transportation speed of dsDNA molecules can be controlled in a range from 0.615 to 2.285 µm/s, slow enough for DNA sequencing. This virtual nanopore can be used as an electro-tweezers within micro/nano fluidic systems.


Zero-emission trucks for regional and long-haul missions are an option for fossil-free freight. The viability of such powertrains and system solutions was studied conceptually in project ESCALATE for trucks with GVW of 40 tonnes and beyond through various battery electric and fuel cell prime mover combinations. The study covers battery and fuel cell power sources with different degrees of battery electric as well as H2 and fuel cell operation. As a design basis, two different missions with a single-charge/H2 refill were analysed. The first mission was the VECTO long-haul profile repeated up to 750 km, whereas the second was a real 520 km on-road mission in Finland. Based on the simulated energy consumption on the driving cycle, on-board energy demand was estimated, and the initial single-charge and H2 refill operational scenarios were produced with five different power source topologies and on-board storage capacities. The traction motors of the tractor were dimensioned so that a secondary mission of GVW up to 76 tonnes on a shorter route or a longer route with more frequent battery recharge and/or H2 refill can be operated. Based on the powertrain and vehicle model, various infrastructure options for charging and H2 refuelling strategies as well as various operative scenarios with indicative total cost of ownership (TCO) were analysed.


In addition to shouldering the blame for the increasing incidence of venereal disease among sailors and soldiers, prostitutes throughout the British Empire also bore the burden of the contagious diseases ordinances that the British government passed. By studying how British authorities enforced these laws in four colonial sites between the 1860s and the end of the First World War, Philippa Levine reveals how myths and prejudices about the sexual practices of colonized peoples not only had a direct and often punishing effect on how the laws operated, but how they also further justified the distinction between the colonizer and the colonized.


Tabla, a percussion instrument, mainly used to accompany vocalists, instrumentalists and dancers in every style of music from classical to light in India, mainly used for keeping rhythm. This percussion instrument consists of two drums played by two hands, structurally different and produces different harmonic sounds. Earlier work has done labeling tabla strokes from real time performances by testing neural networks and tree based classification methods. The current work extends previous work by C. V. Raman and S. Kumar in 1920 on spectrum modeling of tabla strokes. In this paper we have studied spectral characteristics (by wavelet analysis by sub band coding method and using torrence wavelet tool) of nine strokes from each of five tablas using Wavelet transform. Wavelet analysis is now a common tool for analyzing localized variations of power within a time series and to find the frequency distribution in time frequency space. Statistically, we will look into the patterns depicted by harmonics of different sub bands and the tablas. Distribution of dominant frequencies at different sub-band of stroke signals, distribution of power and behavior of harmonics are the important features, leads to categorization of tabla.


In this paper, we propose a novel method for eye states detection. The detection of eye states is treated as an appearance based binary classification problem. The whole eye region is first scanned by a series of blocks with various locations and scales. The Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) is then extracted from each block to form a descriptor of the local texture. A reference template for each block is later calculated as the optimal histogram which makes the distances between it and the LBPHs of different clusters most separable. For all the blocks, the bin-wise distances between local LBPHs and the corresponding reference templates are then extracted to form a feature set for classification. A cascaded AdaBoost learning is further employed to select most discriminative features from the whole feature set and to accelerate the classification. Experimental results demonstrate that our eye states detection algorithm and can give correct and robust detection results in real-time.


A method for determining time-resolved absorbed surface heat flux and surface temperature in radiation and convection environments is described. The method is useful for verification of aerodynamic, heat transfer and durability models. A practical heat flux gage fabrication procedure and a simple one-dimensional inverse heat conduction model and calculation procedure are incorporated in this method. The model provides an estimate of the temperature and heat flux gradient in the direction of heat transfer through the gage. This paper discusses several successful time-resolved tests of this method in hostile convective heating and cooling environments.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a major global health problem with a rising incidence.The pathogenesis of this disease is associated with abnormal inflammatory immune responses of the lung to noxious particles and gases.Several long acting inhaled bronchodilators,anti-inflammatory drugs and their combinations are now in development.This review summarizes the pathological mechanisms of COPD and therapeutic agents in clinical development.


Olfactory receptor OR51E2, also known as a Prostate Specific G-Protein Receptor, is highly expressed in prostate cancer but its function is not well understood. Through in silico and in vitro analyses, we identified 24 agonists and 1 antagonist for this receptor. We detected that agonist 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, a product of the aromatase reaction, is endogenously produced upon receptor activation. We characterized the effects of receptor activation on metabolism using a prostate cancer cell line and demonstrated decreased intracellular anabolic signals and cell viability, induction of cell cycle arrest, and increased expression of neuronal markers. Furthermore, upregulation of neuron-specific enolase by agonist treatment was abolished in OR51E2-KO cells. The results of our study suggest that OR51E2 activation results in neuroendocrine trans-differentiation. These findings reveal a new role for OR51E2 and establish this G-protein coupled receptor as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer. Significance Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Most deaths from prostate cancer are due to the progression of localized disease into metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer characterized by increased number of neuroendocrine-like cells. These neuroendocrine-like cells are non-proliferating, terminally differentiated cells. Olfactory receptor OR51E2, also known as a Prostate Specific G-Protein Receptor, is highly expressed in prostate cancer, and its expression correlates with disease progression. Here, we identify and validate novel endogenous ligands for this receptor. We show that activation of OR51E2 by newly-discovered prostate cancer-relevant agonists facilitates cellular transformation, resulting in neuroendocrine trans-differentiation, a characteristic phenotype of castrate resistant prostate cancer. Our results establish this G-protein coupled receptor as a novel and therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Highlights Discovery of novel agonists for olfactory receptor OR51E2/PSGR highly relevant to prostate cancer pathology Activation of OR51E2 receptor by agonist N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) results in release of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH AD) from the prostate cancer cells indicating its endogenous production Activation of OR51E2 receptor by 19-OH AD, AFMK, and propionic acid decreases anabolic and proliferative signals Activation of OR51E2 receptor by 19-OH AD and AFMK increases markers specific for neuroendocrine trans-differentiation (NEtD) Ablation of the OR51E2 gene in prostate cancer cells treated with agonist 19-OH AD significantly reduces neuron-specific enolase


When John Paul II was consecrated as Bishop for the See of St. Peter nearly thirty years ago, political and legal scholars and commentators in the United States were about to enter into a vitally important intellectual debate on the proper place and appropriate comportment of religious voices in the public square. As that scholarly debate unfolded, John Paul offered through his papacy the model case example for the religious witness in public life. Over the past quarter-century, he left a broad and meaningful legacy of social action with his catalytic role in bringing about the fall of communism, especially in his homeland of Poland; his prophetic critique of political and economic systems and cultural trends that undermine the innate dignity of each human person; his simultaneously reproachful and hopeful call to western societies to abandon the Culture of Death and heed the Gospel of Life; his heart for the poor and disenfranchised; and his words of peace in a troubled world. To be sure, more work remains to be done, as human dignity continues to be assaulted in diverse ways, while secularist societies and institutions continue to be uncomfortable with and insistent upon diminishing the religious element in public life. But, through John Paul's vital and faithful presence, the place in public discourse for the religiously prophetic voice is more secure now than it has been in many decades.


Capillary affinity electrophoresis characterized by having, as the affinity carrier, an affinity ligand coupled to a soluble polymer such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or a derivative thereof.


The following computer program attempts to define a preliminary arrangement for a gated spillway - from sizing of the gates, crest structure piers, design flow, gate weight, concrete volume etc to water surface profile along the spillway chute and energy dissipator at the end of the chute.


In partnership with the Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association (SECOORA) and the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Association, the American Shore & Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA) conducted a survey to better understand coastal communities' water level observing needs. While the survey size was small, it was geographically dispersed along the coastal regions of the U.S. The results of this survey and the experience of the Southeast Water Level Network team should be useful to inform a national effort to expand the network.


made accessible. Fisher's early modern audience recognizes the metaphysical comparison of Christ to a book because of their familiarity with contemporary books and the materials from which they are made. The metaphor endures centuries past the days of wood boards and vellum leaves because early modern manuscript books have been preserved as historical artifacts. Discussions of girdle books come to life when an example that survives in the collections at Yale University is available for the scholar to study and reproduced for the reader to view. We do live in a time when the book is typically viewed as "a vehicle for the transmission of text" not "an instrument and not an icon," not "a part of the world of bodies and things" (6). But scholars will continue to study how writers and readers imagined books, if physical examples of the books they imagined are preserved as artifacts.—Steven K. Galbraith, Folger Shakespeare Library.


A set of curves is presented. These curves can be easily used to obtain the tradeoff relations between the reverse and the forward voltages of high-voltage p-i-n rectifiers. By using the lifetime as a parameter, those curves can also be used to achieve compromises between the forward voltage and the recovery time.


This paper discusses important aspects that can help project managers efficiently allocate their limited resources and thus help them achieve high levels of construction project performance. Additional, previously undiscussed model outcomes are presented that focus on the impact of the project team, planning, and control efforts as they relate to achieving "overall" project success, better-than-expected schedule performance, and better-than-expected budget performance. Results demonstrate that key success factors affect project outcomes differently. For example, increasing the number of budget updates has more of an impact on achieving better budget performace than it does on achieving better schedule and overall project performance. Implementation of a constructability program seems to have a significant impact on achieving overall project success and better schedule performance—especially on fixed-price contracts. Reducing team turnover has a more significant impact on improving budget performance than it does in achieving better schedule or overall project performance. A robustness analysis of the model outcomes is presented, along with a discussion on the study limitations.


The container glass industry has been attempting to lower total delivered glass container costs, by going to thinner walled, lighter weight products. To achieve this, many criteria have to be met simultaneously. Precise control of gob weight, temperature distribution at the forming end, and minimum deviation of the time-temperature history of all glass delivered. Such a system has been tested and validated on-site. Further to this, the operation of the entire manufacturing for glass can be harmonised through a judicious blend of intelligent optimization technologies inside a Dynamic Expert System (DES). These technologies cover the area of non linear model predictive control, fuzzy logic and stochastic programming linked into process operating knowledge. While the individual components have been developed, the total system is scheduled to be tested in the near future at a site in the USE.


The course of "sustainable development" is relatively new to the Russian economy and its segments, however even now, experts believe that in the near future, the vast majority of innovations will be "green". The environmental and frugality problems are especially acute for the transport system of the country. The comparison with countries, having the most promising automotive industries, has shown that for developed automotive transport is characteristic developed infrastructure, accompanying vehicle at all stages of the life cycle. The authors consider the organization of the utilization market in the transport system of the country as one of the most promising directions in the transition to resource-saving technologies. The article describes the market mechanisms regulating the utilization market in Europe, reveals the barriers to organization of recycling in the Russian Federation. To overcome these barriers possible market mechanisms are suggested, i.e. the incentive of members of the transport system to create an organization chart of the utilization market. At this stage, a cluster scheme may be offered under which one the control and the responsibility belong to the automaker. This would allow reducing the cost of creating the infrastructure for the recycling system. Were formulated the possible positive effects for each of the participants of transport system. Were formulated the challenges for further research.


This article argues that the time has come for business school educators to take up the challenge of teaching about spirituality in management courses. The authors' focus is not on spirituality per se but on the process of learning to learn about spirituality. They introduce a categorization (i.e., typology) of approaches toward spiritual development and provide a classroom exercise to help students develop their critical analysis skills and use categorization as a method to discover their spiritual paths. The authors' focus is on an instructional process that enables students and teachers to discover their unique ideas about spirituality and its numerous developmental pathways.


Regulation of the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland is under the precise control of the brain and is ultimately achieved by an exquisite interplay between two hypothalamic hormones, a stimulatory GH-releasing factor (GRF) and an inhibitory hormone, somatostatin (SRIF). Their interaction generates a striking pulsatile pattern of GH release in both man and experimental animals. This paper will focus on the interrelationship between GRF and SRIF at multiple levels within the GH neuroendocrine axis, and on the modulatory influence of GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) feedback and sex steroids, in genesis of pulsatile GH secretion.


We have studied the SUSY scale dependence of supersymmetric radiative corrections to bottom quark mass on the branching ratio of $B_s^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$ and its impact on the cMSSM parameter space. The supersymmetric radiative corrections to bottom quark mass is in general evaluated at the SUSY scale, which is normally considered to be the geometric mean of stop masses. Then, the running of bottom quark mass is considered from the SUSY scale to the matching scale $M_W$ of the effective Hamiltonian which describes this decay. It is found that the branching ratio varies drastically with the SUSY scale. Typically the $Br[B_s^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-]_{\rm untagged}$ varies $\sim 0.6 \times 10^{-9}$ due variation of bottom quark mass $\sim 35\%$ with the SUSY scale and these changes are very significant compared to their present uncertainties in the measurements. Moreover, these variations are very larger at the regions of parameter space which are favorable for producing higgs mass around 125 GeV. Finally, the confrontation of cMSSM with $B_s^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$ is drastically relaxed if one lowers the SUSY scale and a significantly large parameter space becomes allowed in the phenomenologically interesting regions.


Computer software such as MS Excel,Statistica and Origin are utilized to deal with experiment data in Potentiometric titration.The way to find end points is illustrated and discussed respectively,and the more correct and convenient way is also suggested.


This study was undertaken to nd out whether any signicant change in cardiac biomarker occurs in patients with COVID
19 infection immediately or within 6 months of infection. A total of 143 cases suffering from COVID 19 infection (109
cases without any known cardiac disease and 34 cases with pre-existing cardiac disease) were included in the study. Citrated blood was used to
study D dimer whereas serum was used for analysis of LDH, CRP, CKMB, cTnI and NT pro BNP. LDH, CRP and D dimer were found to be
increased and associated with criticality of the condition. Increased values of cardiac troponin I and CK MB was found to have a magnied risk of
morbidity and mortality. NT Pro BNP level was not found to be signicantly increased, as it may take longer time to get increased. The inclusion of
these parameters can be considered of extreme importance for managing COVID-19 patients.


Abstract Emission line profiles from pre-main-sequence objects accreting via magnetically-controlled funnel flows encode information on the geometry and kinematics of the material on stellar radius scales. In order to extract this information it is necessary to perform radiative-transfer modelling of the gas to produce synthetic line profiles. In this review I discuss the physics that needs to be included in such models, and the numerical methods and assumptions that are used to render the problem tractable. I review the progress made in the field over the last decade, and summarize the main successes and failures of the modelling work.