Books on scientific areas that are not yet fully explored and understood always reflect in one way or the other the expertise and personal view of the authors. The selection of topics and the way they are presented are influenced by their research areas and interests. The second edition of the book Aperiodic Crystals. From Modulated Phases to Quasicrystals is no exception. There exist already a number of monographs on the different classes of aperiodic crystals (ACs), incommensurately modulated phases (IMPs), composite crystals (CCs) and quasicrystals (QCs). The present book Aperiodic Crystals tries to present all three classes together in a unified manner, showing what ACs have in common, and in which ways they differ from one another. This is the big plus of the book. Compared with the monographs, the focus is less on crystallography and structures but more on dynamics and physical properties. By definition, an ideal AC is characterized by a discrete pure point Fourier spectrum supported on a Z-module of rank n > d, with d the dimension of the AC. Consequently, their structures and dynamics can be described within the framework of the higherdimensional approach. However, there are fundamental differences concerning their relationships to periodic reference lattices: IMPs can be seen as incommensurate modulations and CCs as intergrowths of d-dimensional (dD) periodic structures; in contrast, QCs can be described in dD space based on their underlying tilings only. Furthermore, all known stable QCs exhibit non-crystallographic rotational diffraction symmetry (N = 5, 8, 10, 12). This would not be possible for IMPs and CCs due to the existence of their periodic average structures. Also, our understanding of the three classes of ACs is on different levels. While the physics of IMPs and CCs is quite well understood nowadays, this is certainly not the case for QCs. In particular, there are still many open questions concerning their formation, growth and stability (see also Steurer, 2018). Overall, the book has grown by 66 pages, from 466 pages in the first edition [see also the book review by Clarke (2008)] to the current 532 pages. A few of these new pages are dedicated to more recent developments in AC research, topics such as superspace and crystal chemistry, soft QCs or the natural QCs found in meteorites. A few pages are taken by a couple of exercises and solutions, which have been added to chapters 1, 2 and 3. A little bit disappointing is the part dealing with QC structures and their analysis. There are just three examples discussed in detail, the same as in the first edition. Since more than 50 QCs and a similar number of approximants have been studied to date, a table listing them together with some characteristic parameters would have been quite useful for showing their abundance and diversity. I have not found any hint of the problem of multiple diffraction that can strongly bias the weak reflections in a QC diffraction data collection. The weak reflections are crucial for determining the long-range quasiperiodic order. Although a new section on the growth of QCs has been added in the second edition, the most recent growth simulations (e.g. Kuczera & Steurer, 2015) have not been mentioned, for instance. In my opinion, the ten years of QC research between the first (2007) and second (2018) editions, reflected in 2500 publications, did not find an adequate representation in the new edition. ISSN 2053-2733


Cliv-92 is a mixture of three structurally similar coumarinolignoids and a proven hepatoprotective agent. Low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability are notable hindrances for its further use. Therefore, glycyrrhetinic acid-linked chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Cliv-92 were prepared for active targeting to the liver. The nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method to avoid the use of toxic solvents/rigorous agitation. The method of preparation was optimized using a central composite design with independent variables, namely polymer: drug ratio (3:1, w/w), crosslinker concentration (0.5%), and stirring speed (750 rpm). The optimized nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 185.17 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.41, a zeta potential of 30.93 mV, and a drug loading of 16.30%. The prepared formulation showed sustained release of approximately 63% of loaded Cliv-92 over 72 h. The nanoparticles were freeze-dried for long-term storage and further characterized. The formulation was found to be biocompatible for parenteral delivery. In vivo imaging study showed that optimized nanoparticles were preferentially accumulated in the liver and successfully targeting the liver. The present study successfully demonstrated the improved pharmacokinetic properties (≈12% relative bioavailability) and efficacy profile (evidenced by in vivo and histopathological studies) of fabricated Cliv-92 nanoparticles.


Objective:To observe the efficacy of "Shenluoning Compound" on glomerularsclerosis of IgA nephropathy. Methods:Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group,model group, benazepril group,"Shenyan Kangfu Tablet" group,"Shenluoning Compound" group. IgA nephropathy glomerularsclerosis rat model was established by intravenous injection of a large dosage of staphyloentero-toxin B repeatedly after unilateral nephrectomy. The expressions of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and fibronectin(FN)at different times were detected. Results:The levels of TGF-β1 and FN increased in model group,but decreased in the other three treatment groups. Compared with those of benazepril group and "Shenyan Kangfu Tablet" group,the therapeutic efficacy of "Shenluoning Compound" group was significantly better after nine-week treatment. Conclusion:"Shenluoning Compound" is effective on glomerularsclerosis of IgA nephropathy.


In order to complete the USB host with TMS320DM642 control based on CH375,the character of CH375 was briefly introduced.The hardware framework was presented,and the software design of low-level driver was proposed.The result demonstratesthat,with the proposed USB host design the Human Interface Device(HID) can be controlled well,and USB storage device can beused,which greatly expands the application of fine and cheap HID and USB storage device in embedded system.


Breast cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide, and early detection is crucial for its treatment. Although breast cancer has been extensively studied, there is still room for improvement in its classification accuracy. This study aims to improve the classification accuracy of breast cancer by applying information gain feature selection and machine learning techniques to the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset. The information gain method is utilized to reduce feature characteristics, and machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes (NB), and C4.5 decision tree are employed for breast cancer classification. The study also conducts a comparison analysis based on accuracy value. The proposed model achieves maximum classification accuracy (100%) and a weighted average for precision (100%) and recall (100%) using a C4.5 decision tree, while SVM accuracy (98.42%) and weighted average for precision (98.17%) and recall (98.58%) are achieved using a C4.5 decision tree. The NB algorithm attains an accuracy of 96%, with a weighted average for precision (18.57%) and recall (50%). The proposed model's results are compared to similar studies and demonstrate significant progress, indicating new opportunities for breast cancer detection.


By using mutants of Aspergillus sojae, it was demonstrated again that the heterocaryons and the heterozygous diploids irradiated by ultraviolet light gave rise to diploids and somatic segregants in higher frequencies. These two effects of ultraviolet light were compared with the so-called inactivation (killing) effect of UV. The haploid conidia inactivated by ultraviolet light were reactivated by visible light, while visible light gave no significant effect on diploidization and segregation. It was concluded, therefore, that the mechanism of UV function on inactivation is different from that on diploidization and segregation. Differences between two functions of UV, on diploidization and on segregation, are not known.


This paper presents recent automatic control developments of the airship robot Karma of LAAS-CNRS. More precisely, it focuses on the lateral control strategy which is based on the decoupled dynamics. Using an external control loop to stabilize the longitudinal dynamics, a path following controller is proposed for driving the robot within the horizontal plane. The proposed strategy allows to consider the lateral slippage inherent in the blimp's dynamics.


Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable process in plastic sur gery. After a prolonged ischemia, adenosine triphosphate is reduced and intracellular sodium and calcium increase. When reperfusion occurs, reactive oxygen increases in the mitochondria and a series of events begins that cause initiate tissue injury. Reperfusion causes even more tissue damage than ischemia. Numerous medications, substances and methods have been tested in order to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury. We can divide the treatment in two parts: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. In the pharmacological treatment, statins (3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) as cholesterol reducing agents have shown therapeutic effect on ischemia reperfusion injury in many different organs. As a non-pharmacological treatment, preconditioning consists of a brief alternating episode of ischemia and reperfusion, which triggers an adaptive mechanism, that protects tissues against injury from a subsequent sustained ischemia and reperfusion. This review discusses the effect and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion applied to plastic surgery. Palabras clave: Isquemia, reperfusion, dano tisular , cirugia plastica.


In this study, the advection upwinding splitting method (AUSM) is modified for the resolution of two‐phase mixtures with interfaces. The compressible two‐fluid model proposed by Saurel and Abgrall is chosen as the model equations. Dense and dilute phases are described in terms of the volume fraction and equations of state to represent multi‐phase mixtures. Test cases involving an air–water shock tube, water faucet, and dilute particulate turbulent flows through a 90° bend are used to verify the current work. It is shown that the AUSM based on flux differences (AUSMD) contains the mechanism to correctly capture the contact discontinuity and interfaces between phases. In addition, a successful application to dilute particulate turbulence flows by the AUSMD is demonstrated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are a common cause of various clinical infections. Resistance of this bacteria to several common antibiotics due to production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme has caused therapeutic problems. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance pattern to beta-lactam antibiotics and also to assess the Temorina (TEM) gen in the E. coli strains isolated from the patients in Babol, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Babol County, Iran. The E. coli strains were isolated and identified by standard laboratory tests. The sensitivity test to beta-lactam antibiotics was performed by combined disk method. The TEM gene was identified in the resistant strains by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 and by using t-test and Chi2 tests. Results: Of the 10341 clinical samples, 525 E. coli isolated of which 200 (38%) were ESBL-producing strains. Piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, ampicillin-sulbactam and ampicillin (98%, 90.33%, 86.4% and 76.60%, respectively) had the most inhibition effect on the strains. Highest antibiotic resistance was observed for ceftriaxone (43.80%) and ciprofloxacin (38.74%). PCR showed that 80% (N=160) of the resistant strains had the TEM gene. There was a statistically significant correlation between TEM gene and the production of ESBL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance to antibiotics was observed in this study. Resistant and ESBL-producing strains of E. coli had TEM gene. The clinicians should be aware of antibiotic resistant pattern to choose effective medicines for treatment of these infections.


Young people in care often lack basic information about their lives before care, the reasons for their entry into care and connection with their birth family. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2010) recommends the use of life story work for young people residing in local authority care in the UK, in order to support them to develop a coherent sense of identity. To date, there has been very little research on the efficacy or acceptability of this work from a young person's perspective. The aim of this research was to explore care leavers' experiences of life story work. Thirty-eight young people accessing local authority leaving care teams in South Wales completed a short survey to ascertain the perceived level of knowledge they had about their family of origin and to enquire about their experience of life story work. Nine of these young people participated in individual, semi-structured interviews that sought to explore their views about the life story work they had undertaken and the way in which they felt it had impacted on their sense of self. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the interview transcripts. Four super-ordinate themes relating to the experiences of life story work were identified: The need to know; Getting life story work right; Life story work: An emotional journey; and Life story work and the concept of family. The young people reported engaging in life story work to be a largely positive experience, and there was a degree of consensus on how the process of using this could be improved. All participants reported the value of contact with birth family members, especially siblings. However, life story work was felt to be useful by most, even when regular contact with their birth family was maintained. The clinical and service implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed.


Preface Part I. Two Road Diverged: Ecology in the Eighteenth Century: 1. Science in Arcadia 2. The empire of reason Part II. The Subversive Science: Thoreau's Romantic Ecology: 3. A naturalist in concord 4. Nature looking into nature 5. Roots and branches Part III. The Dismal Science: Darwinian Ecology: 6. A fallen world 7. The education 8. Scrambling for place 9. The ascent of man Part IV. O Pioneers: Ecology on the Frontier: 10. Words on a map 11. Clements and the climax community 12. Dust follows the plow Part V. The Morals of a Science: Ethics, Economics, and Ecology: 13. The value of a varmint 14. Producers and consumers 15. Declarations of interdependence Part VI. The Age of Ecology: Science and the Fate of the Earth: 16. Healing the planet 17. Disturbing nature Notes Glossary of terms Selected Bibliography Index.


Writing is a demanding, personal task. Any piece of writing, scientific or not, assumes the personality and philosophy of the writer. All writing styles are more or less arbitrary, and preferences vary widely. One cannot argue that a single style or approach is best, for the variations (even with ''good'' writing) are infinite. However, all agree that clear, concise writing most effectively communicates ideas. Few scientific writers, in fact, practice clear and concise exposition. Seemingly, few know the principles of such writing, and fewer still practise them. (Most traditional scientific curricula fail to demand adequate courses and practice in expository writing.) The two most critical principles are: logical flow and brevity. Logical flow occurs by observing the following elements of paragraph construction:


On October 20, 2010 the provincial government of Gauteng (South Africa) and local governments of cities like Johannesburg hosted a car-free day. Many cities worldwide do this, usually to celebrate September's international car-free day or October's transport month. The objective of the car-free day was for policy makers to better understand why some commuters prefer private transportation, as well as to entice first-time users onto the bus or train. User experience with transportation modes such as public bus, Gautrain, and the Rea Vaya bus rapid transit system are detailed. Pros and cons of public transportation, including environmental impacts and crime, are outlined.


The objective of the research was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of the California red worm humus (Eisenia foetida) from cocoa shell and bovine manure, studying the effect of five treatments: 100% cocoa shell, 75% cocoa shell + 25% bovine manure, 50% cocoa shell + 50% bovine manure, 75% bovine manure + 25% cocoa shell and 100% bovine manure (control), each one replicating three times, giving a total of 15 experimental units. The experiment was conducted under the delineations of the DCA of a factor, using the InfoStat 2019 software for data analysis, measuring the effect on the variables: pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. According to the statistical analysis, the best treatment was 75% bovine manure + 25% cocoa shell (T4), according to the results obtained in the ANOVA and Tukey mean test at 5% probability of error, performed at chemical parameters previously determined, however the only treatment that exceeded 15% improvement was T1 in terms of potassium compared to the control, so the hypothesis is accepted, demonstrating that the mixture between cocoa shell and bovine manure positively influences in the improvement of the chemical characteristics of the earthworm humus to be used as organic fertilizer.


MARTINS, Arual. A preventive action model: The Community Prosecutor's Office. 2018. 89 p. Dissertation (Master in Law) – Postgraduate Studies Program in Law, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. The present work deals with the implementation of the project called "Community Prosecutor's Office", developed by the Prosecutors of Justice of the III Court of the Jury of the District of the Capital of the State of São Paulo. In view of the high level of homicides in the region, and in the face of the discrediting of the population in relation to the public policies applied, the members of the Public Prosecutor's Office, after tabulating data based on the locations, days and times in which the crimes occurred, as well as in the profile of the victims, sought an alternative form of action inspired by the North American model of Community Prosecution, studied by American Prosecutors Research. Based on this model, it has maintained contact with organized civil society entities, as well as with other public agents for the establishment of preventive actions, based on the collection of objective data that involve such criminal modality. The model proved to be successful, being replicated not only in the other Attorneys' Offices of the State of São Paulo, but also in several States of the Federation.


Silica film was deposited on the surface of soda lime silicate glass by immersing it in hydrofluosilicic acid solution supersaturated with silica gel at low temperature. The composition and the structure of these films were evaluated using ESCA, IRRS, fluoric acid etching test, and sodium leaching test, and they were compared with those of various silica films prepared by other methods. The results showed that these films made at low temperature had a dense structure and a great alkali barrier effect. By heat‐treatment, the structure of this film became denser, getting close to that of fused silica. It was also found that the degree of supersaturation and the solution temperature had a great influence on the deposition rate.


This paper discusses the practical realities of maintaining a projection-based VR learning environment inside an elementary school, in terms of supporting the VR resource, and integrating it into the school culture. It also presents several of the lessons we have learned in the first year of this deployment.


The aim of this paper is to discuss the assumptions made to justify Government deficit control as the core of economic policy. The paper questions the direction of causality established by the traditional view that sees the Government deficit as a decisive element in determining inflation, the external deficit expansion, and the interest rate. In addition, the paper attempts to reconsider the role of fiscal policy in recent macroeconomic policy in Brazil, based on an analysis of the interrelations among fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies.


Comprehensive evaluation of the effects of post-depositional processing is a prerequisite for appropriately interpreting ice-core records of nitrate concentration and 20 isotopes. In this study, we developed an inverse model that uses archived snow/ice-core nitrate signals to reconstruct primary nitrate flux and its isotopes ( δ 15 N and Δ 17 O). The model was then applied to two polar sites, Summit, Greenland and Dome C, Antarctica using measured snowpack nitrate concentration and isotope profiles in the top few meters. At Summit, the model successfully reproduced the observed atmospheric 25 δ 15 N(NO 3– ) and Δ 17 O(NO 3– ) and their seasonality. The model was also able to reasonably reproduce the observed snowpack nitrate profiles at Dome C as well as the skin layer and atmospheric δ 15 N(NO 3– ) and Δ 17 O(NO 3– ) at the annual scale. The calculated F pri at Summit was 6.9  10 -6 kgN m 2 a -1 and the calculated Δ 17 O(NO 3– ) of F pri is consistent with atmospheric observations in the northern hemisphere. However, 30


We would like to thank the reviewer for the supportive attitude towards our paper. We appreciate the constructive criticism and remarks on the purpose, clarity and contribution of this work. What we hope to contribute to socio-hydrology in a fundamental way is a perspective not commonly seen in modeling studies: a modeling philosophy plus proof of concept in which social agency play a major role and a model that is built upon the agents' signal-based perceptions of (and actions towards) the hydrological reality. This was demonstrated precisely by constructing an ABM based on signals – which we detail further in our general comments. The Irrigation Management Game, from which


In 10 right-handed volunteers, BOLD f-MRI activity was acquired during a protocol of mental speech production tasks. A task lasted 30 sec and consisted in recalling as many as possible animals (AN) or tools (TO). The protocol include 3 AN tasks and 3 TO tasks, each preceded by 30 sec rest (RE). By means of EPI the cerebral volume was acquired with a repetition time of 3 sec. After adjustment in stereotactic coordinates, spatial and temporal filtering, the time series of average activity in spherical regions with a 5 min radius were extracted relevant to Broca's (BR) area, the left mesial (MFG) and lateral (LFG) fusiform gyrus. An interaction model, estimating a modulation index of the connection between either MGF or LFG with BR was able to detect an increased MFG/BR connectivity during TO and increased LFG/BR connectivity during AN; however, this model failed in a subject by subject analysis. On the contrary a simpler correlation model, which separately analyzed the two tasks, was able to detect consistent changes in 7/10 MSG areas and in 9/10 LFG areas. We conclude that with an appropriate data analysis model the application of functional imaging can be widened from pure physiological studies to the clinical analysis in lesions or pathologies involving semantic memory and speech areas.


Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a highly nutritious winter-season pulse crop. It is used as food, feed, and fodder and offers nutritional security to low-income people in developing countries. Different graphical approaches like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Genotype + Genotype × Environment (GGE) biplots were used along with the conventional line × tester to identify efficient parents, combining ability effects and distinct heterotic groups in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The study used a line tester design (9 × 3) for seed yield and its associated traits. In the conventional analysis, lines Aman and HFP 715 and the tester GP02/1108, as well as crosses HFP 715 × GP02/1108, Aman × GP02/1108, and Pant P-243 × HFP 1426 showed the best GCA (General Combining Ability) and SCA (Specific Combining Ability) effects, respectively, for seed yield and its attributes. The σ2SCA > σ2GCA, and σ2D > σ2A in almost all the traits indicated control of non-additive gene effects. High manifestations of heterobeltiosis for seed yield were evidenced by the superiority of 24 out of 27 crosses over the better parent. The highest significant heterobeltiosis was observed in the cross HFP 715 × GP02/1108, followed by IPF 14-16 × GP02/1108, IPF 14-16 × HFP 1426, DDR-23 × HFP 1426, DDR-23 × GP02/1108, and Aman × GP02/1108 for yield and its attributes. The biplot techniques were used to analyze data and compare their results with conventional line × tester analysis. Overall, graphical analysis results were very similar to those of traditional analysis. Consequently, it can surely be assumed that these methods could be helpful in presenting data from field pea breeding experiments carried out with line × tester design.


The theoretical basis for the supernova envelope shock origin of cosmic rays is reviewed. The theoretical explanation of the SN Type I light curve requires the ejection of a relativistic mass fraction. The criterion of the adiabatic decelleration by Alfven wave trapping neither applies in theory, when ..beta.. > 1, or practice, the Starfish high altitude nuclear explosion experiment. Arguments of delayed acceleration due to K-capture are not applicable to SN ejecta because a period of prompt recombination exists before subsequent stripping in propagation.


A new Ni-Cd battery charge circuit,in which a battery voltage monitoring follow-comparator is established by using integrated operational amplifier and voltage regulator for charging and overcharge protecting,is introduced. Functions as charging and overcharge protecting are fulfilled automatically by putting this circuit in practice. Each component used in this circuit can be purchased easily on an electronic market. From its low-cost and simplicity,the conclusion can be made that this charge circuit has its advantage if on the market.


This paper will reconsider the logical path of reducing the second law of thermodynamics to mechanics up to the point where it seems to drop the ball. The thesis of an off-centered interpretation of the mechanical reduction is presented in the light of a promising (although unusual and contested) conceptualization of the second law. This will be accomplished in a conceptual way and strictly between the borders of classical physics.


In 2012, volume 60 of Scandinavian Economic History Review will be published. We are proud of this long scholarly tradition and are celebrating the anniversary with two events. The first is a conference on 'The Future of Economic, Social, and Business History' on 25 May 2012 at the Carlsberg Academy in Copenhagen. Our readers are kindly invited to this event. The programme and further details will be posted on the journal's webpage at http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sehr20/current. The second event in connection with the 60 anniversary is the first 'Scandinavian Economic History Meeting' hosted by the journal together with the University of Copenhagen (Department of Economics) and the Copenhagen Business School (Centre for Business History). The meeting will take place at Copenhagen Business School, on the 24 and 25 of May 2012, to discuss ongoing research in economic and business history in small workshops based on paper presentations. Details will be posted on the journal's webpage (see above). We are also happy to announce that from now on the Scandinavian Economic History Review will use an online submission system, which eases the submission process and makes it more efficient. We also allow for longer articles (12,000 words) and we specifically invite controversial and experimental contributions in the field of economic, social, and business history, which cover past and current developments also outside of Scandinavia. Manuscripts can be uploaded online at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sehr. * Two of the four articles in this third issue of volume 59 deal with gender, which reflects the increasing interest of economic history in gender topics and in the persistent inequality between sexes; they focus, respectively, on rationales for unequal payment of female work and on the construction of a database that allows for detailed research in labour-related gender issues. The category of gender, not only relevant in the household economy, but in the workplace and in general business life as well, has long been neglected by economic and business history; these two articles offer two distinct ways of researching gendered labour. Tobias Karlsson and Maria Stanfors show that the aggregate gender gap of 34% in industrial wages tells only half of the story. In their micro-analysis of the Swedish tobacco industry in the late 19 century, they demonstrate that, adjusted for qualification and the specific work done by men and women, the 'gender' gap was much smaller than the aggregate suggests. Age and skills contributed to lower or higher wages. Branch specificities also mattered, piece rates and productivity-related wages in general reduced the gender gap; and if men and women had the same occupations, there was less of a gender gap in wages. Karlsson and Stanfors are able to show that women's careers were more affected by their responsibility for domestic work and family. The birth of children forced women to leave the workforce early, with limited skills and experiences; when they returned to work later in life the lack Scandinavian Economic History Review Vol. 59, No. 3, November 2011, 211 213


The first goal of the photometric part of the MEGA program is the establishment of the sequences of s tandard magnitudes and color indices by a photoelectric method. From 1984 to 1991, more than 7500 photoelectric UBVR observations of 1141 stars of 4-15.5 magnitudes were carried out at three observatories. The method of reduction of the observations is described. It takes into account color equations between the instrumental and standard magnitudes and colors, the atmospheric extinction and changes of the photometer sensitivity. The accuracy of the photometric da ta in the final catalog is estimated.


OBJECTIVES
To describe patterns among imported measles cases to the United States.

DESIGN
Descriptive analysis of national case-based surveillance data on measles cases.

SETTING
United States in the period 1986 through 1994.

PATIENTS
All reported confirmed cases of measles.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Demographic variables, immunization history, country of exposure, and reporting state.

RESULTS
The number of reported imported cases of measles to the United States has dropped from an average of 99 cases annually in 1986 through 1988 and 190 cases in 1989 through 1991 to 61 cases in 1992 through 1994. Since 1990, the number of imported cases originating in Latin America declined by 98%, despite continued increase in the number of travelers to this region; cases from other regions remained relatively constant. This decrease paralleled the rapid decrease in measles incidence in the Western Hemisphere associated with national measles elimination programs. Most imported cases occurred among children, although 22% of cases occurred among young adults. Rates of measles cases per 1 million travelers are higher among non-US citizens than among US citizens.

CONCLUSIONS
The sharp decline in importations into the United States from Latin America since 1991 provides evidence of the success of measles control efforts undertaken there. The decrease in imported cases has been associated with a decline in total measles cases in the United States. Sustained elimination of measles in the United States will require improved measles control in other countries in addition to a high level of population immunity.


There are many reports of myiasis in humans. However for some clinicians still remain some questions about the convenience of early treatment when facing this kind of problems. The present study shows how doctors have to be clear to treat myiasis, based on a diagnostic mistake and wrong treatment of a 67 year-old woman who resided in an urban area of Chinchina, a municipality located in the department of Caldas in Colombia, who was parasitized by larvae of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The objective of the present work is to analyze a real clinical situation, trying to clarify the difference between natural infestations vs therapeutic treatment using maggots, and how treatment has to be perform as prompt as possible for natural infestations, in order to avoid undesirable consequences for patients suffering myiasis. It can be concluded that occurrences of traumatic myiasis in humans represent serious public health concerns, then health personnel dealing with patients presenting myiasis, have to initiate immediate treatment to eliminate the larvae using the available methods in order to guard the patient's security.


The article examines the theoretical aspects of the concept "human resources" and its relationship with the model of economic growth. The authors outlined the factors influencing the formation and quality of human resources in Russia and substantiated the direct dependence of the total human resources of the country on the volume of the human resources of Russia's regions. The article examines how education and wages affect the movement of graduates, seen as a promising part of the country's human resources, in the labor market. The authors analyzed the indicators of the formation and use of human resources in Russia for the period from 2010 to 2020. The research confirmed the significance of the implemented national project aimed at increasing labor productivity and supporting the employment in Russia, as it is crucial for increasing human resources. The authors proposed measures aimed at improving the quality of human resources in Russia and, as a result, increasing quality of life.


In this article,a new information system is designed based on B/S framework,it can meet the needs of management for students' comprehensive assessment in Lincang Teacher's College.In addition,the author analyzes the development,it provides new theories and framework for the new information system.


Optical wavelength-routed networks enable parallel transmission of massive datasets on non-overlapping wavelength channels. However, as the sizes of scientific workflows increase, the simple availability of multi-wavelength resources will fall short of supporting application needs. Rather, these resources must be allocated intelligently, efficiently, and flexibly to bear the burden of high-volume science. We propose time-slotted wavelength-switching to support modifying the wavelength that carries a lightpath throughout its lifetime, exposing flexible consumption of available resources during the request schedule. We explore the efficacy of wavelength-switching in combination with adaptive path selection flexibility and attempt to approach previously determined optimality benchmarks. Results from quantitative evaluations show tremendous savings opportunity via wavelength-switching support, and indicate that efficient invocation of spectral flexibility in this manner may even be more impactful than spatial flexibility on network-wide performance.


Controlled surface irrigation systems by using enclosed pipelines have been successfully demonstrated in recent years. The common type of pipes system is perforated pipes technique, which is a simplified type of gated pipes. The main objective of this study was to define orifice outflow characteristics for developed (telescopic) perforated pipes to achieve high degrees of accuracy under operating field condition. The telescopic perforated pipe was tested under five different inlet flow rates, which are 15.43, 21.25, 21.73, 22.38 and 23.80 m 3 /h. The results illustrate that, the trend of actual resultant pressure head and the actual discharge rate of the orifices along the telescopic perforated pipe increased as the flow rate of inlet the pipe increased. The resultant pressure head reached at the last orifice about from 103.96% to 103.28% of the original pressure head at the pipe inlet for the inlet flow rates. The changes of flow velocity inside the telescopic perforated pipe generate inertia forces (superimposed head) and high pressure may exit. The cumulative friction losses and the superimposed head increased as the pressure head at the pipe inlet increased. The average orifice discharge coefficient equals 0.503 based on the circular orifices that are 25 mm in diameter where, rubber seals are fixed in the edge of orifices. The outflow variation through orifices along the telescopic perforated pipe decreased as the inlet flow rate increased meanwhile the inlet pressure head increased. The theoretical performance of pressure component and outflow rates of orifices correlated experimental results.


Objective Onychomycosis is a most common lesion in dermatologic clinics.This study was to obtain the general information and etiologic agents of onychomycosis in apparently healthy individuals.Methods We collected 163 nail samples from 127 cases of onychomycosis in apparently healthy individuals attending the dermatology clinic from November 2011 to May 2012,which were all subjected to fungal culture and microscopic examination.Results Of the 127 patients,54(42.52%) were office clerks,with a male∶ female ratio of 1 ∶ 1.12.Of the 163 nail samples,46 fingernail and 117 toenail,120(73.62%) were positive at fungal culture,with dermatophytes isolated from 101(84.17%),Trichophyton rubrum from 89(74.17%),mixed infections with dermatophytes from 13(10.83%),yeasts from 5(4.17%),and the non-dermatophyte molds from 1(0.83%).Conclusion The etiologic agents of onychomycosis in apparently healthy individuals are mainly dermatophytes.Although yeast and non-dermatophyte mold infections are rare in this cohort.The rate of mixed infections with dermatophytes is significant.So in clinical practice,mycological examination plays an important role and,if necessary,broad-spectrum antifungal agents should be chosen for the treatment.


In 1987 groups of Soviet hippies issued manifestos proclaiming the twentieth anniversary of the Soviet counterculture and outlining their goals: love, equality, fraternity, elimination of the threat of nuclear war, trust between east and west, free speech, the unhampered right to leave the country, and democratic control over local authorities.' Vague sentimentality aside, that program would in earlier years have amounted to a statement of the objectives of liberal dissidents. In 1987, the manifestos were remarkable only because they were so conventional. Establishment liberals were by then voicing the same opinions in the official press; Soviet politics had changed dramatically, and heretofore deviant opinions had moved close to the mainstream. But the Soviet counterculture had changed to an equal degree. Hippies had abandoned their earlier demonstrative disengagement from society and had joined in the hurly-burly of unofficial social and political groups. Indeed, the hippies who issued the manifestos announced their desire to participate in the process of perestroika. The counterculture was threatening to turn legitimate. The selection of 1967 as year of birth was arbitrary, but the Soviet counterculture has been around for about two decades. Small hippy bands wandered about and between Moscow, Leningrad, and other major cities throughout the 1970s. Some followed a seasonal round: summer encampments in the Baltic area, winter sojourns in the south. When not traveling, they circulated through a network of crash pads called fletv (from fiat) and hangouts known as tusovki, which were often cafes. In the folk etymology, tusovka derived from tasovat'; and the hippies did indeed shuffle and reshuffle themselves at the tusovki, often arriving from a fiet with one group in the afternoon and departing with a different group in the evening. Tusovka could also refer to a group of people-"Sun's tusovka," for instance-as well as a place, because small bands held together for some time. The network of crash pads and hangouts became known as the sistema, a term that also stood for those circulating through the network. The sistema had a physical geography, a distinctive way of life, and a set of overlapping ideas and ideologies that resembled hippy thinking in the west. It was, in short, a distinct counterculture. The counterculture system underwent something of a crisis in the late 1970s, when drug use ravaged the hippy community, killing some and frightening many others; that and the natural tendency of aging hippies to retire from the sistema produced a contraction of the counterculture. Some hippies turned toward established religion; mystical religious inclinations had always been part of the hippy ethos in the Soviet Union as in the west. Others, partly inspired by the anti-


Tap water quality was examined in six sampling events over a 2‐year period in a residential community of Greater Cairo, Egypt. The sampling sites chosen had a granular activated carbon (GAC), reverse osmosis (RO) or distillation point‐of‐use (POU) treatment device so that the performance of these units for standard water quality parameters could be evaluated. Tap water satisfied Egyptian and international drinking water standards and guidelines for the majority of samples analysed. Exceptions were the violation of international limits for lead in 10 samples, and total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels that occasionally exceeded drinking water limits. Only the RO and distillation units achieved removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity and hardness. However, GAC units are considerably less costly in the local market. All three POU units exhibited potential reduction of chemical contaminants such as trihalomethanes (THMs), improved taste via chlorine removal and improvement in clarity. Realization of these benefits, however, is conditioned upon proper operation and maintenance of the device.


In this paper, we present a relational-tubular (ReTu) deformable model for segmenting a complex and the entire tubular network structure with branches in close proximity of each other. Specifically, we incorporate a priori knowledge of the target anatomy structure as well as the spatial relationship between branches to reduce possible segmentation errors due to the effects of a variety of imaging artifacts and noise. To get more robust description of the data properties than a simple 3D edge map, a new data energy functional is proposed based on testing the volumetric density within the model cross-sections. The deformation process is formulated as a two-stage procedure: tubular medial axis deformation and tubular surface deformation. The efficiency of this approach is demonstrated by our experiments which show that satisfactory quantifications of the entire zebrafish vasculature recorded from the fluorescence confocal microscope. The experiments also demonstrate the robustness of our deformable model in the presence of complex issue structure that adhered to the vessel branches.


Let [Formula: see text] be the set of the connected [Formula: see text]-uniform weighted hypergraphs with [Formula: see text] vertices, where [Formula: see text]. For a hypergraph [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be its adjacency tensor, Laplacian tensor and signless Laplacian tensor, respectively. The spectral radii of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated. Some basic properties of the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue, the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue and the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are presented. Several lower and upper bounds of the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue, the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue and the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are established. The largest [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue of [Formula: see text] and the smallest [Formula: see text]-eigenvalue of [Formula: see text] are characterized. A relationship among the [Formula: see text]-eigenvalues of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is also given.


In Reply .—Dr Mimouni highlights two important points that I and my colleagues addressed in our report: (1) He indicates that there is no need to perform renal ultrasonography if a supernumerary nipple is identified in an otherwise normal individual without a history of urinary tract problems. (2) He believes that the presence of a supernumerary nipple in an infant or child with multiple congenital anomalies is an indication for an ultrasound examination of the kidneys. In his editorial, Dr Hoyme agreed with this approach. Recently, a follow-up study from Hungary 1 again demonstrated an increased incidence of renal malformations in infants and children with a supernumerary nipple who were otherwise normal. Renal abnormalities were found in six (8%) of 78 patients hospitalized for illnesses unrelated to the urinary tract and healthy newborn infants; the authors believed this reinforced the original recommendation by Mehes 2 to perform roentgenographic studies of


Liver fibrosis is one of the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic liver diseases. Fibrotic liver injury activates the hepatic stellate cells and leads to synthesis of excess interstitial collagens and other matrix components. Accurately assessing the extent and progression of fibrosis is important for clinical management of chronic liver diseases. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging with contrast medium, have shown promising results in staging liver fibrosis. Recently, some researchers reported that T1-weighted (T1w) imaging could be used for liver fibrosis staging. However, unlike apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement, T1w images are usually used for qualitative visual assessment. Radiomics, which extracts a large number of quantitative features from radiographic medical images, such as statistical metrics and textual features, could provide a powerful tool for quantitative analysis of T1w images. Recently, some studies have shown promising results in applying radiomics methods in staging liver fibrosis and characterizing hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is no agreement on how to properly select radiomics features and classifiers for specific applications. In this issue of JMRI, an article published by Ni et al investigates how radiomics feature and classifier selection affect the T1w imaging-based liver fibrosis staging. 9 This well-designed study compares two feature selection algorithms and six machine-learning based-classifiers and concludes that LASSO-SVM is the optimal combination for a T1w imagingbased liver fibrosis staging study. Although the study includes a relatively small dataset (n = 97), which may introduce population bias and misrepresentation, this study provides a detailed comparison among different feature and classifier selection methods. In addition, the experiments design and statistical analysis provide a great framework about how to evaluate different radiomics-based methods. Adding a larger dataset and more modeling options, such as adeep-learning model, to this framework would definitely have a great impact in this field.


Plans for conducting Phase C/D for a solid rocket motor booster vehicle are presented. Methods for conducting this program with details of scheduling, testing, and program management and control are included. The requirements of the space shuttle program to deliver a minimum cost/maximum reliability booster vehicle are examined.


Hamner & Fox (1969) have recently reviewed various techniques for the collection of oviduct fluid in the rabbit, sheep, pig and monkey. Continual collection of the oviduct fluid from the rhesus monkey was first achieved by Mastroianni, Shah & Abdul-Karim (1961). They cannulated the oviducts with silicone rubber tubings which were connected to an external volumetric collection device fixed to the skin. Movements of the animals' upper limbs were restricted with plaster to prevent the animals from reaching the device. Using this technique, daily samples were collected for as long as four complete menstrual cycles. In view of the possibility that a physical restriction of the monkey might


In the Corredores river a sequence of fine to coarse sandstones crops out. The beds are subvertical trending N-S. The rocks are greenish gray in color and contain 43 species of mollusks, crustaceans, fragments of echinoderms and trace fossils (Thalassinoides, Oichnus) of very good preservation. This sequence is correlated with the Curre Formation. Based on planktonic forams dated as Early Miocene (N4-N5 zones) suggesting a broadening of the age of the Formation to encompass all Miocene. Mollusks are the group with greater biodiversity, presenting around 25 species of gastropods and 18 of bivalves. A new species was described: Nuculana (Saccella) corredoresnsis . The bivalves in their majority presents conjugated shells and some species (Nuculana, Ostrea) are in vital position in defined levels mainly of Oysters. Most of the gastropods are carnivorous fed on the abundant fauna of bivalves (some with Praedicnia ichnofossils: Oichnus isp.). The crustaceans are represented by crabs exoskele - tons that constitute shells quite complete and isolate pincers. The echinoderms are found as isolate plates of Echinoidea and spines. Ichnofossils are represented by Thalassidoides isp. and Oichnus isp. This deposit is interpreted as a vital lipostrate biofacies, constituted by a basic biocoenosis, with organisms that lived in the sublittoral zone and by taphocoenosis of deeper water organisms as tempestitic events.


The chemical composition of our soils with established origins shows that the highest content of sesquioxides and the lowest of silica is found in soils derived form diabase. The soils from SERIE DE SAO BENTO sandstones have the lowest content in sesquioxides and the highest in silica (sand). Several molecular and leaching values are presented. The soils from diabase show no differential migration or elimination from profile between aluminum and fron oxides. In some soils this fenomenon was found. The losses of silica and bases are produced in weathering of rocks ami the residual material is poor in bases for next losses In the diabase decomposition the losses decrease from Na, K, Ca to Mg. Comparing soils form i lie Amazon Valley with those of Sao Paulo, the most contrasting feature is normal occurence of ground-water laterite, sesquioxide sheet and pisolitics in the tonner. occurence. This difference between the tropical and sub-tropical soils permits the hypothesis that the considered sub or Latossol implies in two kinds of pedological processes. In this State the sesquioxides are set free by weathering and stay in the profile as colloidal material In the Amazon soils the liberated sesquioxides are partially removed from the profile (and deposited as ground-water-laterite or sesquioxide sheet) or seggregated as pisolitic material into the profile.


Today, the world has entered a phase of human history when longcherished ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity appear increasingly difficult to realise. It is only in recent decades that the democratic framework for delivering the welfare and wellbeing is widely being questioned. This paper is an attempt to review the historical process and discuss the ideological phenomenon to understand the real spirit of democracy. The author has tried to trace out the approaches, basic and elementary concepts and terminologies related to the ideological foundations of the democracy. The research is focused on analyzing the thoughts and components related to formation of political democratic system as wel as discussing its theoretical basis. The study includes the main and best known democratic political systems, which constitute the origin of the idea of democracy. Democracy, which literally means rule of the people, is an ideal, which has been understood in different ways in different periods of history. No definition of democracy can adequately comprise the vast history, which the concept connotes. To some it is a form of government, to others a way of social life. Men have found its essence in the character of the electorate, the relation between government and the people, the absence of the wide economic differences between individuals, the refusal to recognize privileges built on birth or wealth, race or creed. Inevitably it has changed its substance in terms of time and place. What has seemed democracy to a member of some ruling class has seemed to his poorer fellow citizen a narrow and defensible oligarchy. Democracy has a context in every sphere of life; and in each of these spheres it raises its special problems, which do not admit of satisfactory or universal generalization. The struggle for the attainment of democratic institutions has taken various forms as the various conditions it encountered. The eighteenth century popularized three ideas. English experience led to the belief that parliamentary government is the parent of civil liberty. The American Revolution made popular the notion that a discontented people have the right to cashier its governors. The French Revolution established the principle that autocracy is the necessary Author is Registrar at College of Central England, United Kingdom. A Conceptual Framework of the Dynamics of Democracy 132 parent of special privilege. Nineteenth century democrats attempted to find institutional expression for these ideas. And the stress of a new and intensified system of production, in which rapidly increasing and concentrated populations had to be satisfied, that necessarily increased the rate of progress towards democratic institutions. Due to the acceptability and popularity of democracy, the advocates and practitioners of different forms of government claim legitimacy of their own models by projecting them as democratic ones even if their political machines adopt principles and practices which are basically opposed to democratic tenets because they believe that any government which uses power for the welfare of the common masses, must be regarded as democracy. The more "democracy" has come to be a universally accepted term, the more it has undergone verbal stretching and has become the finest label of its kind. Not every communist system claims to be a socialist system, but even communist systems of many countries claim to be democracies. Each nation claims that its own form of democracy is the true democracy. Thus, there is a lot of confusion and ambiguity with regard to the word democracy. It has been stated that, "Democracy is the most valued and also perhaps the vaguest of political concepts in the modern world." Since World War II, "democracy" encompasses everything; as stated by a UNESCO report "...for the first time in the history of the world...practice politicians and political theorists agree in stressing the democratic element in the institutions they depend and in the theories they advocated." Literally, the term democracy indicates both a set of ideals and a political system. Democracy as an ideal is, a society not of similar persons of equals, in the sense that each is an integral irreplaceable part of the whole. As a political system, it implies the responsible government, that is to say, the government is answerable to the people. Real democracy is nevertheless, a recognizable, specific form of government and manner of living. When a person lives in a genuine democracy; he knows it, feels it and even breathes it. According to Dewey, "The foundation of democracy is faith in the capacities of human nature; faith in human intelligence and in the power of pooled and cooperative experience." Like all living things it is evolving and growing. That is why it is difficult to define. To meet new situations, it may change its form and eternal structure but its essential characteristics and principles remain unchanged. It is a process, rather than a state of being; a continuous journey towards ever growing goals.


Sources of indistinguishable single photons are a key component of many optical quantum systems such as linear optical quantum computers [1] or quantum communication [2]. Spontaneous four-wave mixing is a promising method for in-fiber photon-pair generation with tailored spectral properties. However, a number of parasitic effects can negatively influence the quality of photons heralded from the pair. In this work, we investigate the impact on the quantum purity of heralded photons of arguably the three most important effects: nonlinear phase modulation (NPM), higher-order dispersion (HOD) and dispersion fluctuations (DF) along the fiber leading to variations in phase matching. For the first time, we directly compare two schemes under each of these effects. The first is the asymmetric scheme in which one of the quantum fields is group-velocity matched to the single pump field while the other walks off [3]. The second is the symmetric collision scheme, which uses two pump fields with different group velocities that pass through each other with each of the two quantum fields copropagating with one of the pumps [4].


A method of manufacturing a large- or medium-sized wheel disk including the use of a punch or a die in a first step of ironing of a blank 4 of a flat plate in a product 11 of a first stage. The product of the first stage 11 has a cylindrical land portion 11a having a non-constant thickness in the axial direction. The rising portion 11a has a thick portion 11c, which is located at a front portion of the rising portion 11a, and a reduced thickness in the portion 11d other than a remaining portion of the rising portion 11a of the thick portion 11c. During the first step, only a portion of the blank 4, which corresponds to the thinned portion 11d is ironed.


In machining processes, errors of rough in dimension, shape and location lead to changes in processing quantity, and the material of a workpiece may not be uniform. For these reasons, cutting force changes in machining, making the machining system deformable. Consequently errors in workpieces may occur. This is called the error reflection phenomenon. Generally, such errors can be reduced through repeated processing while using appropriate processing quantity in each processing based on operator's experience.According to the theory of error reflection, the error reflection coefficient indicates the extent to which errors of rough influence errors of workpieces. It is related to several factors such as machining condition, hardness of the workpiece, etc. This non-linear relation cannot be worked out using any formula. RBF neural network can approximate a non-linear function within any precision and be trained fast. In this paper, non-linear mapping ability of a fuzzy-neural network is utilized to approximate the non-linear relation. After training of the network with swatch collection obtained in experiments, an appropriate output can be obtained when an input is given. In this way, one can get the required number of processing and the processing quantity each time from the machining condition. Angular rigidity of a machining system,hardness of workpiece, etc., can be input in a form of fuzzy values. Feasibility in solving error reflection and optimizing machining parameters with a RBF neural network is verified by a simulation test with MATLAB.


Current methods used to diagnose the thalassemia minor (TM) patients require high‐cost assays, while broader screening based on routine blood count has limited specificity and sensitivity. This study developed a new screening technique for TM patients' diagnosis.


I document the first case of malocclusion in an Arctic Wolf (Canis lupus arctos) from Greenland. All canine teeth of a wolf found dead on the tundra of northeast Greenland showed evidence of heavy anterior wear resulting from occlusion with the opposite teeth. Additional heavy wear on the incisors indicated a level bite. No cases of malocclusion were found in the largest museum collection of Arctic Wolf skulls (n = 11) from Greenland. However, the collection consisted exclusively of specimens from a northeast Greenland wolf population extirpated ca. 1939; thus, it provided no information on the incidence of malocclusion in more contemporary wolves. A finding of malocclusion in the more recent wolf population could be important because the condition is genetically based and the trait is expressed more frequently with increased inbreeding. The small, geographically isolated wolf population that this wolf was a part of disappeared for reasons unknown after 2002 and genetic conditions cannot be excluded as a contributing factor. Future study of the prevalence and severity of this abnormality in Arctic Wolves from Greenland will be problematic because of the difficulty of acquiring comparative material, but could be conducted on other populations of Arctic Wolves.


THE substantial increase of governmental functions which many nations have seen in this century has made bureaucracyZ a major problem of our time. The question of how to ensure responsible and effective administration of political decisions has been the object of many excellent ~tudies.~ Clearly, it is more difficult for a democracy to solve these problems than for an authoritarian form of government where the question of control may play a minor role visd-vis the technical problem of efficiency. Democratic federal systems have to face an additional difficulty: they must integrate their administration not only in the structure of separated legislative and executive powers on a national level but also in that of federal-state relations. A survey of existing democratic federal systems would show that most of them attempt to find a solution in more or less uncomplicated ways: federal and state governments simply exert administrative authority in those areas where the federal constitution provides them with legislative authority; that is, administrative authority fbllows legislative prerogative?


The rise of crime after the Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Jakarta's position as the capital of Indonesia and the transformation of precision police spawned the concept of Polisi RW adapted from community policing, hotspot policing and predictive policing. Polisi RW are expected to be able to conduct crime prevention efforts in the Metro Jaya Regional Police Work Area. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of Polisi RW in reducing the number of crimes and accelerating crime reporting services handled at Metro Jaya Police Department. A quasi-experimental one group pre-post test was selected to test the application of Polisi RW in crime prevention with indicators of reduced crime. The data used in this study is data on the number of crimes reports in the January-February 2023 period as pre and as post period March-April 2023. In addition to the difference between the pre and post ranges, researchers also took measurements in the period March-April 2022 with March-April 2023 as comparison data. Paired sample t-test is used to determine the difference and Cohen's effect size to determine the magnitude of the effect of Polisi RW intervention. Test results on differences in the number of crime reports for the period before and after the implementation of Polisi RW p-value = 0.046, Cohen's effect size of 0.451; The number of crime reports for the period March-April 2022 with March-April 2023 was found to be p=value 0.003, Cohen's d= 1.158. There is an influence of Polisi RW on crime prevention and acceleration of the process of solving crime reports in the Metro Jaya police department. Re-measurement is required after 6 months of application.


This quick fluctuating civil condition of a subsequently part about a 20th hundred, this when foul movement towards women's identical access, greatly  touch a women consumer buying behaviours as great as benefits way their Public Class. A Study on Female Consumer through a current centuries shows for evolve over consumer habits also elements sudden women's normal idea onto after fashion onto cosmetic operation. Within case, the makeup practice has early gone regarded as a Public respect with necessary requisite for sociable actions. Cosmetic Industry is one of the hurried surging within Indian restraint as currently, it have general a gigantic symbol about line relative to Global Markets.


The thyminylmethyl radical and the 2'-deoxyuridin-1'-yl radical were studied. The former radical was produced in laser flash photolysis (LFP) studies from two precursors derived from thyminylacetic acid, the N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione ester (PTOC ester), and the phenylselenyl ester. The thyminylmethyl radical has an absorbance in the range 315−340 nm. The rate constant for its reaction with octadecanethiol in THF at ambient temperature determined by LFP methods is (3.1 ± 0.6) × 107 M-1 s-1. The 2'-deoxyuridin-1'-yl radical was produced in bulk photolyses from both diastereomers of the corresponding C1' tert-butyl ketone, 1'-pivaloyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and in LFP studies from one diastereomer. Trapping of this C1' radical with 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, or glutathione gave both anomers of 2'-deoxyuridine; the product ratios were similar in each case and insensitive to precursor identity or thiol concentrations. Rate constants for reactions of the 2'-deoxyuridin-1'-yl radical with thiols and metal ions were...


For the successful design of an AMB system, proper material selection and actuator design is a must. The strength of the magnetic force depends upon the current density of the winding, actuator dimension and the gap between the actuator and the rotor. This paper presents the design of a U-O type single-actuator and a double-actuator Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) utilizing ANSYS Maxwell 17.1 software. In double actuator AMB the actuators are placed at 180 degrees apart. In this study, Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulation has been performed for two different structures and their magnetic properties for instance- flux pattern, force, flux density and inductance are obtained for various air-gaps. Analysis has also been done with the change in current density by varying in the coil turns. The comparative results of single and double coil AMB are illustrated in 2-D and 3-D plots.


Statutes and policy documents, as well as open-ended interviews in Zhejiang, China, were used to identify key aspects of rural land law reforms in China to help develop the national economy. It has been observed that despite its positive effect on general rural economic development such development is compromised by extensive corruption that harms peasants' interests. Peasants face new forms of exploitation by local governments and businesses, as well as environmental damage caused by over-exploitation of land and resources that becomes a serious hurdle for sustainable development in rural areas.


The authors study some geometrical properties of gradient vector fields on cosymplectic manifolds, thereby emphasizing the close analogy with Hamiltonian systems on symplectic manifolds. It is shown that gradient vector fields and, more generally, local gradient vector fields can be characterized in terms of Lagrangian submanifolds of the tangent bundle with respect to an induced symplectic structure. In addition, the symmetry and reduction properties of gradient vector fields are investigated.


In the present studies, taxonomic and ecological aspects of Woronichinia naegeliana are discussed. The ultrastructure (in TEM) of a cell of the above species is also included. The material was collected from plankton of a dam reservoir in southern Poland. W naegeliana belongs to commonly planktic free-living, buoyant species being able to form surface water blooms in eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes and ponds. It is one of three species of genus Woronichinia possessing gas vesicles. As it is shown in TEM, these organielles are distributed throughout the cell.


Abstract Background: 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common form of CAH and is associated with a variety of clinical phenotypes (salt wasting SW, simple virilizing SV and non-classic NCCAH). Commonly, there is a strong genotype-phenotype correlation for SW and NCCAH, but this is less predictable with the SV forms. We present a case with prenatal diagnosis of classic CAH which demonstrated genotype-phenotype discordance. Clinical Case: Ex 39 weeker female born to non-consanguineous parents was prenatally diagnosed with CAH based on routine genetic screen. Mother was noted to be a carrier for Intron 2G and father was a carrier of p.I172N both known to be pathogenic variants on CYP21A2. At 23 weeks gestational age, DNA analysis revealed fetus was compound heterozygous for both mutations which is most commonly associated with either SV or SW phenotype. At birth, infant had mild edema of the labia majora which resolved; the clitoris was not enlarged. There was no genital virilization or urogenital sinus. Newborn screen sent at 15 hours of life:17 OHP 132 ng/ml, repeat on DOL 3:77 ng/ml and DOL 13:59.9 ng/ml. High dose cosyntropin stim test on DOL 3 at 0 min: Cortisol not done, 17 OHP 1279 ng/dl; 60 min: Cortisol 12.3mcg/dl, 17OHP 3394 ng/dl. DOL 5 at 0 min: Cortisol 2.7 mcg/dl, ACTH 164.5 pg/ml, 17OHP 803.7 ng/dl; 60 minute: Cortisol 7.6mcg/dl, 17OHP 5920 ng/dl. Using available 17OHP normograms, the infant's stimulated 17 OHP levels were not consistent with classic CAH. Unstimulated testosterone on DOL 3: 25ng/dl, DOL 5: 14 ng/dl. Ultrasound showed adrenal gland thickness 4mm bilaterally (upper limit of normal). Hydrocortisone (HC) was started on DOL 5 at 35 mg/m2/day after the stim test. On DOL 7, HC was increased to 100 mg/m2/day; fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily and NaCl 0.5 g/day were started (Na 131, K 6.5, plasma renin activity 80.2). Upon discharge (DOL 13), infant was on HC 35 mg/m2/day, Fludrocortisone 0.1mg twice daily and NaCl 2g/day. Doses were adjusted accordingly during outpatient follow up. Currently infant is 4 months of age, thriving and remains on HC 11.3 mg /m2/day, Fludrocortisone 0.05 mg twice daily and NaCl 750 mg daily. Postnatal genetic analysis confirmed prenatal genotype. Conclusion: In general, genotype-phenotype correlation has 80–90% concordance. However clinicians should be aware of genotype/phenotype discrepancies that exist in order to carefully guide postnatal management based on prenatal genetic analysis. Our patient's 17-ohp was done by LC/MS, which is standard now for most specialized endocrine laboratories. However, the 17-ohp nomograms for CAH, which are frequently used for subtype categorization, are based on RIA levels. Further studies would be helpful in creating an updated normogram using LCMS specifically for the neonatal period, as confirmatory screening of CAH will become more common with the rise in parental prenatal carrier screening.


The Deutsch equation assumes that all particles are identical and that there is complete mixing of the gas at any point along the gas path. In industrial precipitators complete mixing is probably a good approximation but the diversity of sizes and kinds of particles results in an efficiency curve which increases less rapidly with precipitator length than would be predicted by the Deutsch equation. By choosing a different drift velocity for each condition, the Deutsch equation can be effectively used by an expert but this procedure can be very confusing to the engineer with limited experience.


[1] We have developed an adaptive mesh seismic tomography method based on tetrahedral and Voronoi diagrams to automatically match the inversion mesh to the data distribution. Two different irregular mesh interpolation methods, linear and natural neighbor, are evaluated. A synthetic test shows that the adaptive mesh seismic tomography method recovers the true synthetic model well in both the linear and natural neighbor interpolation cases. Use of more accurate differential data is helpful in removing artifacts in the model that result from the noisier absolute data. Application of the adaptive mesh scheme to Parkfield, California, results in much more uniform sampling of the model (as measured by the derivative weight sum) on the optimized irregular inversion mesh compared to a regular grid. The across-strike cross sections resulting from using either just the absolute data or both the absolute and differential data show a clear velocity contrast at the San Andreas fault in the linear and natural neighbor interpolation cases. The velocity model obtained using natural neighbor interpolation is smoother than that from linear interpolation. Including the differential data in the inversion yields more clustered event locations and removes a velocity reversal to the southwest of the fault, which is likely caused by noise in the absolute data.


Since evidence is the basis and core of criminal procedure,the legality of evidence is the determinative factor in order to achieve the objectives of criminal litigation.With the progress of social and technical development,mobile phone messages are extensively manipulated to committing a crime.However,there has been discussion about whether mobile phone message can be taken as evidence in criminal procedure.Based on the theory of criminal litigation and the principle,nature and characteristic of the practice of mobile phone message,this article explores the category of evidence which mobile phone message should belong to,how to take the evidence of mobile phone message and how to cross-examine this kind of evidence,etc.


The protein–gold nanoparticle bioconjugates are playing an important role in the studies of biological systems. The nature of the interaction and the magnitude of the binding affinity together with the conformational changes in the protein upon binding are the most addressed topics in relation to the uses of the bioconjugates in different organisms. In this work, we study the human serum albumin (HSA) protein–gold nanoparticle (AuNP) interactions focusing on the nature of the gold nanoparticle surface modification. We have found that the interactions of the HSA with the AuNPs are mainly electrostatic and that the concentration of protein necessary to stabilize the conjugates decreases when the overall negative charge on the nanoparticle surface increases. The changes in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signals of the gold nanoparticles (13 nm diameter) are used to determine the number of protein molecules necessary to stabilize the conjugates in a high ionic strength medium. Fluorescence spe...


Recent work on wealthy populations has called into question long-standing conclusions about the importance of birth spacing for infant health. Using data from 77 countries, Joseph Molitoris and colleagues show that spacing births beyond 24 months can greatly reduce infant mortality risks, but that the benefits of birth spacing decline with socioeconomic and demographic development.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the topic of campus crime reporting, particularly students' stated likelihood of reporting crime incidents to the college public safety department, municipal police, or a member of the library staff. The survey vignette design involves experimental manipulation of several situational variables in line with the unresponsive bystander model and subsequent scholarship, including crime type, bystander group size, and respondent anonymity in a 4 × 2 × 2 design. Undergraduate participants (n = 554) in the United States responded to 1 of 16 vignette versions occurring in the context of the campus library. This project expands the range of crime scenarios analyzed in prior research to include gun possession on a college campus. Other than bystander race, bystander characteristics remain nonsignificant. While neither anonymity nor group size are significant predictors, students assigned to the aggravated assault as well as the gun possession vignettes report substantially higher likelihood to indirectly intervene.


This paper presents a network layer Internet topology collection tool called tracenet. Compared to traceroute, tracenet can collect a more complete topology information on an end-to-end path. That is, while traceroute returns a list of IP addresses each representing a router on a path, tracenet attempts to return all the IP addresses assigned to the interfaces on each visited subnetwork on the path. Consequently, the collected information (1) includes more IP addresses belonging to the traced path; (2) represents "being on the same LAN" relationship among the collected IP addresses; and (3) annotates the discovered subnets with their observed subnet masks. Our experiments on Internet2, GEANT, and four major ISP networks demonstrate promising results on the utility of tracenet for future topology measurement studies.


1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Banha University, Egypt (firstname.lastname@example.com) 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Banha University, Egypt 3Department of Environmental Studies, Environment and Climate Changes Research Institute, National Water Research Center Building El-Qanater El-Khairiya, P.O. Box 13621, Egypt(email@example.com) 4Department of Climate change, Environment and Climate Changes Research Institute, National Water Research Center Building El-Qanater El-Khairiya, P.O. Box 13621, (firstname.lastname@example.com)


Type 2 T helper (TH2) cells are critical for the development of allergic immune responses; however, the molecular mechanism controlling their effector function is still largely unclear. Here, we report that the transcription factor NFIL3/E4BP4 regulates cytokine production and effector function by TH2 cells. NFIL3 is highly expressed in TH2 cells but much less in TH1 cells. Production of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-5 is significantly increased in Nfil3 / TH2 cells and is decreased by expression of NFIL3 in wild-type TH2 cells. NFIL3 directly binds to and negatively regulates the Il13 gene. In contrast, IL-4 production is decreased in Nfil3 / TH2 cells. Increased IL-13 and IL-5 together with decreased IL-4 production by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized Nfil3 / mice was also observed. The ability of NFIL3 to alter TH2 cytokine production is a T-cell intrinsic effect. Taken together, these data indicate that NFIL3 is a key regulator of TH2 responses. The EMBO Journal (2011) 30, 2071–2082. doi:10.1038/ emboj.2011.111; Published online 15 April 2011 Subject Categories: immunology


— The research article deals with the socio-economic status of Badi community and consciousness in them. Basically, it critically analyses the content, context and plots of the text from the perspective of Marxist concept of class consciousness. The research explores that Badi community would not have any sources of regular income; so as, they were compelled to involve in prostitution few decades back. They would be exploited sexually by the then local feudal and clients; instead, they would get certain monetary wages and goods for their survivals. It also explored that the community would consider the profession (as sex workers) as their karma and dharma; and, nobody would prohibit them from involving in the profession. The caste system upon them was also rampant at that time; and, they were socio-economically and politically oppressed, discriminated, exploited and prohibited from the social practices and public activities. The research shows the terrible and panic situation of Badi girls/women due to the multi-layers of exploitations based on the primary text Ailani by Bibek Ojha. The researcher employs the qualitative approach with exploratory method in the research.


When Eduard Fraenkel appended to this difficult passage the discomforting statement 'χώρᾳ corruptum esse viderunt multi, sanavit nemo', an impressive amount of conjectural remedies had already been proposed for it;2 sixty years on, several other attempts have been made, but the problem apparently remains unresolved.3 As often happens in Aeschylean criticism, the unceasing accumulation of conjectures may result in obscuring valuable earlier proposals, and it is worth asking whether Fraenkel's 'sanavit nemo' is the correct verdict in this case.4


Ecotourism management and poverty alleviation in Plateau State was studied using Focus group discussion, Oral interview and field observation. Ten communities bordering six selected ecotourism centres were surveyed. One focus group discussion participated by forty persons was conducted in each of the communities. About 80.00 per cent, 77.50 per cent and 67.50 per cent of participants from Pandam, Sop and Naraguta respectively perceived reduction in their poverty levels unlike in Kayarda where only 5.00 per cent of respondents perceived reduction in their poverty levels. All respondents from Dong and Kabon noticed an increase in their poverty level while most respondents from Kayarda (77.50%), Aningo (72.00%), Namu (70.00%), Kwang (65.00%) and Gwut (60.00%) did not notice any impact of tourism on their poverty levels. Major ways of households' poverty reduction were identified as revenue generation (72.50%), employment (67.50%), supply of anicnal protein (52.50%), and educational development (32.50%) in Pandam community. Poverty reduction was mostly through market expansion (65.00%) and employment (22.00%) in Naraguta; supply of free electricity (72.50%), employment (57.50%) and market expansion (40.00%) in Sop; availability of water for washing, source of fish for domestic use, and value addition to local resources in both Kwang and Gwut communities. Jn Namu community, perceived poverty reduction was through livestock rearing (27.50%) and supply of animal protein (15.00%)


Data on sexual behavior and psychological attitudes were obtained from 36 couples prior to vasectomy and for the ensuing 4 years. Data were compared with information from couples in which the wife had used oral contraceptives. Results were also compared with those of Kinsey in his earlier studies of sexual behavior in the American culture. No dramatic unique effects of surgical contraception on sexual behavior were found. Some negative side effects were noted. Establishment of reliable fertility control by either method sometimes produced a recovery from an initial rate that had been suppressed by fear of pregnancy. Tendencies toward fidelity or infidelity were unchanged. Almost twice as many women reported increased responsiveness as reported decreased responsiveness. These effective contraceptive procedures did not differ in their influence on preexisting sexual problems. Psychological effects were observed. A vasectomized husband may expect compensating concessions. This attitude may produce greater marital tension and marital dissatisfaction. Similarly a wife who has had a tubal ligation or hysterectomy sometimes continued to complain long after recovering from the operation. In other instances the husbands insensitivity to the significant sacrifice alienated the wife emotionally. Another psychological effect of surgical contraception has been that it is sometimes confused with castration. Some men have increased their masculine behavior to prove that the vasectomy has not been demasculinizing. Problems of partial impotence have resulted. Some women have responded in a similar manner. However the physiological and psychological effects are usually minimal. It is emphasized that advocating the concept of surgical contraception as opposed to sterilization would create a more favorable acceptance of these procedures.


We study the Chi-Squared (χ2) distance and metric learning as a problem of Large Margin Nearest Neighbor (LMNN) classification. We suggest the χ2 metric learning algorithm, based on the LMNN approach, to learn a metric to improve the accuracy of k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classification. We show that the χ2 distance in the transformed space is one of the Quadratic-Chi distance family members. We use a gradient descent method to get an optimal value of the linear transformation matrix of the input feature space. We also show an alternative approach of χ2 metric learning by using a convex optimization method with relaxation. We demonstrate experimental results on the datasets mainly for domain adaptation.


Objective. Find the social determinants that influence or contribute to achieving economic freedom in students or university graduates.
Design/Methodology/Approach. The study presents a quantitative methodology, with a descriptive exploratory scope, through a bibliometric analysis using the SciMAT software on 748 scientific publications collected from Scopus on the topic: "Economic Freedom", all with a holistic approach. In this period, from 2005 to 2020. Said analysis identifies the main authors, organizations, countries, sources, research areas and development of this field of research.
Results/Discussion. A conceptual evolution map is obtained for each thematic area of the social determinants that influence or contribute to achieving economic freedom in students or university graduates in the period 2005-2020. Three areas remain as determinants: social factors, emotional behavior and educational status. The scientific community has focused its attention on the university graduate as a person who has individual aspirations and perspectives; however, there are also variables such as parental education, educational status, socioeconomic and psychological factors, etc.
Conclusions. The concept of economic freedom has evolved in recent years; researchers on the subject have reached conclusions or consensus, describing the elements or general conditions that constitute it. This paper delimits the scientific discussion on "economic freedom" in three thematic areas: social factors, emotional behavior, and educational status, which affect students or university graduates.


Plasma cortison response of ACTH injection was studied in dogs under control conditions and after a prolonged exercise performed until exhaustion. Exercise induced a marked increase in plasma cortisol concentration but no significant differences were found in the level of plasma cortisol following ACTH injection between the control and post-exercise animals.


ABSTRACT Ten years have passed since the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the recognition of the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination. The declaration provides the first universal instrument to recognise and elaborate on the content of the right to self-determination for indigenous peoples. Yet, the adoption of the declaration has not solved all controversies and the implementation of the right to self-determination remains a contentious issue in practice. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to describe and analyse the legal significance of the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination as enshrined in the UNDRIP. Since the declaration emphasises the principle of territorial integrity of sovereign states, this analysis essentially focuses on the examination of what it means to claim self-determination beyond any claims for independence. In this analysis, the study argues that self-determination is based on a democratic model of self-determination that is grounded in human rights law and which calls both for the autonomy and the participation of indigenous peoples in decision-making processes that affect them. This model of self-determination is also multidimensional is so far as it includes a political, a resource and external dimensions. Ultimately, this study evidences that beyond the question of its implementation, the UNDRIP opens the pathway to significantly bolster the democratic understanding of self-determination in a manner that contributes to developing modern international law on the question of self-determination and strengten the human rights of indigenous peoples.


The paper presents the strengths and weaknesses of using different core geometries in the present MSR design among side analyzing the particularities of the new features proposed. The calculation was made using the four-factor formula for a steady state reactor and additional simplifications that are explained fully in the following paper. We find that we can achieve a better power density in the square lattice configuration compared to the hexagonal one, as well as a lower and more manageable multiplication factor. In the context of the current international climate, as the world is seeking more ecological friendly energy sources for the future, we believe that the MSR is such solution and could provide clean energy with minimal radioactive waste products in comparison to previous generation nuclear reactors.


Objective To describe the disease characteristics, the rate of complications and the visual outcome of pediatric uveitis under the age of 16 years in Tianjin, Northern of China. Methods The retrospective cases analysis methods were used. Of 106 cases (165 eyes) of pediatric uveitis were collected in Tianjin Eye Hospital fiom January 2005 to January 2009. The classifications of uveitis were determined by the history,detailed ocular and systemic examinations. The uveitis characteristics, complications, treatments and visual outcomes were analyzed. Results Total of 106 cases of uveitis in children were collected. Males were 45 cases,females were 61 cases (1:1.4). The mean age at diagnosis was 10.9± 3.3 years old. The acute onset was 18 cases (17.0%), the chronic onset was 37 cases (34.9%) and the relapsed was 51 cases (48.1%). The unilateral onset was 47 cases (47 eyes), the bilateral onset was 59 cases (118 eyes). The most frequent clinical types of uveitis included anterior uveitis 52 cases (49.1%), intermediate uveitis 31 cases (29.2%), panuveitis 15 cases (14.2%)and posterior uveitis 8 cases (7.5%). The infectious uveitis was 15 cases (14.2%) and the non-infectious or idiopathic inflammation was 91 cases (85.8%). Among the 106 cases of patients, idiopathic anterior uveitis was 36cases (34.0%), idiopathic intermediate uveitis was 31 cases (29.2%), idiopathic panuveitis was 13 cases (12.3%), combined with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 10 cases (9.4%) and viral anterior uveitis was 5 cases (4.7%). The complications occurred among the 58 eyes (35.2%), there were posterior synechiae (21.8%), complicated cataract (17.0%), secondary glaucoma (9.7%), band keratopathy (9.7%) and cystoid macular edema (8.5%). The prevalence of visual impairment (less than 0.5 at the final visit) was 27.3% and the legal blindness (less than 0.1) was 9.7%. Conclusions Anterior uveitis is the most common type among the pediatric uveitis,the following are intermediate uveitis and panuveitis, the posterior uveitis is uncommon. Most patients are chronic or idiopathic inflammation. The infectious uveitis is uncommon. The complications of uveitis are the main cause of the blindness.

Key words:
Uveitis;  Children


Background: Obesity and its metabolic complications are associated with lower gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) density, whereas weight loss after bariatric surgery leads to an increase in both measures. These increases of GM and WM density are significantly associated with post-operative weight loss and improvement of the metabolic/inflammatory profiles. While our recent studies demonstrated widespread increases in WM density 4 and 12 months after bariatric surgery, it is not clear if theses changes persist over time. The underlying mechanisms also remain unknown. In this regard, numerous studies demonstrate that the enlargement or hypertrophy of mature adipocytes, particularly in the visceral fat compartment, is an important marker of adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Objective: To assess whether the previously observed increases in WM and GM densities are maintained 24 months post-surgery, and to examine if pre-operative abdominal omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocyte diameters are associated with WM and GM changes after bariatric surgery. Methods: 32 participants undergoing bariatric surgery were recruited. WM and GM densities were assessed from T1-weighted MRIs acquired prior to and 4-, 12-, and 24-months post-surgery using voxel-based morphometry. OM and SC adipose tissue samples were collected during the surgical procedure. OM and SC adipocyte diameters were measured by microscopy of fixed adipose tissue samples. Linear mixed-effects models were performed controlling for age, sex, surgery type, initial BMI, and diabetic status. Results: The average weight loss at 24 months was 33.5{+/-}7.2%. A widespread increase in WM density was observed 24 months post-surgery mainly in the cerebellum, brainstem, and corpus callosum (p<0.05, FDR) as well as some regions in GM density. Greater baseline OM adipocyte diameter was associated with greater changes in total WM density at 24 months (p=0.008). A positive trend was observed between SC adipocyte diameter and changes in total WM density at 24 months (p=0.05). Conclusion: Our results show prolonged increases of WM and GM densities up to 24 months post-bariatric surgery. Greater preoperative OM adipocyte diameter is associated with greater increases in WM density at 24 months, suggesting that individuals with excess visceral adiposity might benefit the most from surgery.


References Bligth J. Johnson G. Glorsary of terms for t h d physiology. Joumal of Applied physiology 1973; 3: 941-61. Hensel H. Neural processer in thermoregulation. physiolngiral RNiw 1973; 53: 948-1014. Sessler D. Mild perioperative hypothermia. New England Joumal OfMedia'ne 1997; 336: 1730-7. Uztsukawa T. Wex D. Chrirtensen R. Ouki M. Schroeder M. Heat flow during epidunl anesthesu. Anctd~logy 1995; 83:


The benefits of digital computer control have been discussed in relation to chemical, petroleum, and many other industrial processes at great length on numerous occasions. When discussing the benefits and principles of computer control, the gas transmission pipeline reciprocating compressor station can also be considered a processing unit which, in a very complex manner using expensive machinery, converts raw feed (natural gas fuel) into product (energy in the natural gas in the form of increased pressure). This is particularly true since the introduction of the latest generation of reciprocating compressors with their new innovations.


Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading causes of blindness in working-aged people,of which diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are the two main causes of vision-threatening.Through the regular screening of patients with diabetes,the risk factors of DR can be identified and proper interventions can prevent the incidence of DR.Timely retinal laser photocoagulation and application of the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (candesartan or fibrates),lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate can inhibit DR progress.Macula local and (or) grid pattern photocoagulation or in combination with bevacizumab intravitreal injection can effectively relief DME.In regard to late PDR,vitrectomy couldrestore or retain useful vision, importantly, minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy and preoperative bevacizumab intravitreal injection greatly improved the surgical outcomes.However DR pathogenesis is not entirely clear.Also there is a lack of effective and feasible DR screening strategy in China.Furthermore existing evidence-based data of medical and surgical treatment of DR is insufficient.Therefore,the DR prevention and treatment is still a long way to go in China.

Key words:
Diabetic retinopathy/prevention & control; Diabetic retinopathy/drug therapy; Laser coagulation; Vitrectomy; Editorial


In recent years several studies were conducted exploring state of the practice and different issues in web and multimedia systems development. Data analysis in all studies were conducted using classical statistical methods giving limited insight into principles of web project management. This paper provides results of an additional analysis of data obtained in national study among over hundred web development companies. The data was analyzed with the advanced techniques like linear regression and learning in neural networks. Those techniques enabled us to identify new validity of the web project outcome in dependence on variables such as complexity of the web system, planned duration, existence of development process, etc. Further, an intelligent model for web systems development is proposed which suggests desirable approaches to different web development phases, useful to both developers and clients. Our research results can also contribute to domain knowledge repository.


We present the results of our long-term (»13 years) J and K photometry of the X-ray binary Cyg X-1. The object's JK variability amplitudes were less than 0: 2. The J and K orbital light curves are appreciably asymmetric in quadratures. The secondary minimum is deeper, in comparison to the primary, and it is probable that the star becomes hotter at secondary minima. The ratio of average radii of the supergiant in quadratures and in minima is »1.02 if the temperature of the optical component does not change during its orbital motion. We estimate the interstellar extinction as E(B iV ) = 1: 025§0: m 006 and the distance to the star, as d = (2:44§0:04) kpc. The luminosity and radius of the optical component are respectively » 2:8 ¢ 10 5 Lfl and 21 Rfl. The JK variations of the X-ray binary Cyg X-1 in 1995{2007 can be explained with orbital ellipsoidal variations of the optical component (hot supergiant HD 226868), accompanied with long-term JK variations on a time scale of 11.5 years with an amplitude of 0: 06{0: m 07. In 1995{2007, the JK brightness ∞uctuations probably had a 294-day periodicity with an amplitude of no more than 0: 03{0: m 05.