Scale inhibitor,as a kind of water stabilizer,is widely used in the treatment of industrial circulating cooling water.Its study is always the hotspot on water treatment.The deposit stability and environmental safety of scale inhibiter have become more and more important.In this paper,the properties,synthesis technology and research developments of common scale inhibitors at home and abroad were specially summarized in details from several aspects,such as natural polymer scale inhibitors,carboxylic acid copolymer scale inhibitors,sulfonic acid copolymer scale inhibitors,phosphor containing polymer scale inhibitors and green copolymer scale inhibitors.In addition,the development direction of this study was prospected at the end of this paper,and the green copolymer scale inhibiter will be the main goal of research in the future.


Abstract : Small blade-to-blade property differences are investigated to determine their effects on the behavior of a simple rotor-body system. An analytical approach is used which emphasizes the significance of these effects from the experimental point of view. It is found that the primary effect of blade-to-blade dissimilarities is the appearance of additional peaks in the frequency spectrum which are separated from the conventional response modes by multiples of the rotor speed. These additional responses are potential experimental problems because when they occur near a mode of interest they act as contaminant frequencies which can make damping measurements difficult. The effects of increased rotor-body coupling and a rotor shaft degree of freedom act to improve the situation by altering the frequency separation of the modes. (Author)


ABSTRACT The wavy turban snail Megastraea undosa and keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata, two gastropods with commercial importance, five macroalgae, and one seagrass were collected at Bahía Tortugas, Baja California Sur, Mexico, for analysis of stable isotope ratios. The δ13C and δ15N isotope signatures obtained from gastropod muscle tissue were different between the two gastropods. Isotope signatures of M. crenulata had more enriched δ13C (-14.35‰ ± 1.66‰) and δ15N (15.48‰ ± 0.67‰) than M. undosa isotope signatures for δ13C (-17.59‰ ± 2.43‰) and δ15N (12.42‰ ± 0.61‰). Seaweed isotope signals varied from -21.8‰ to -11.4‰ for δ13C and 9.3‰ to 10.9‰ for δ15N. The δ13C of detritus was -7.93 and of tunicates was -9.3‰ and the δ15N of detritus was 12.4 and of tunicates was 8.1‰. Mixing models showed that the greatest contribution to the diet of M. undosa was from Prionitis cornea and Gelidium robustum. For M. crenulata, it was from detritus and Macrocystis pyrifera. A higher trophic position (3.1) was observed for M. crenulata than M. undosa (2.3), which clearly reflected the differences in their feeding habits: M. undosa is a herbivore and M. crenulata is an omnivore.


Based on Euclidean distance,the classic Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering algorithm has the limitation of equal partition trend for data sets.And the clustering accuracy is lower when the distribution of data points is not spherical.To solve these problems,a distance correction factor based on dot density was introduced.Then a distance matrix with this factor was built for measuring the differences between data points.Finally,the new matrix was applied to modify the classic FCM algorithm.Two sets of experiments using artificial data and UCI data were operated,and the results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for non-spherical data sets and outperforms the classic FCM algorithm in clustering accuracy.


Multiple empirical surveys show that the asset allocation of institutional investors in al ternative investments is small and considerably below the theoretical optimal, even after accounting for investment restrictions. This means investors are giving up diversification potential and holding inefficient portfolios. The question is why would otherwise rational investors behave like this? We argue that investors find it difficult to hard to infer reliable return (distribution) expectations for alternative asset classes, for many reasons. For ex ample, alternative investments generally exhibit a lower level of ttransparency, identifying appropriate benchmarks can be difficult, and those available often have data biases. In short, alternative investment asset class return distributions have a higher uncertainty than traditional investments. Institutional investors may exhibit ambiguity toward alter native assets, and may be penalizing them, and hence underinvest in this asset class. We research our hypothesis that alternative investments (private equity, hedge funds, and real estate) are more ambiguous than traditional asset classes (bonds and stocks). We consider representative, empirically observed institutional investor portfolios. In our model we determine the different levels of ambiguity toward the marginal return distri bution for each asset class in the investment portfolio. We find that investor uncertainty aversion reduces allocations to the risky and ambiguous portfolio. We also find that in stitutional investors consider all alternative investments to be highly ambiguous, and bonds as somewhat ambiguous. However, institutional investors tend to systematically overinvest in stocks. Based on our results, we suggest that the alternative investment in dustry, e.g., increase transparency, which is expected to decrease investors' ambiguity aversion and increase investment allocation.


Since the independence of Russia, Sino-Russian relations have been develop-ing all along in a progressive momentum. At present, the two countrieshave established the "21st century-oriented strategic cooperative partnership of e-quality and mutual trust". Serving the basic interests of both sides with solid po-litical basis, the state relationship of this new type has proved to be the bestchoice of the Chinese and Russian people for the further development of bilateralties in the 21st century. Its major characteristics are as follows: A. Strategic cooperative partnership is established on the basis of the com-prehensive and gradual development of the Sino-Russian relations.


If abnormality detected by the abnormality detecting means is a predetermined abnormal (NO in S4), correct the reference list for list modification means is accessible to the decoded frame as a reference image stored in the storage means and (S7), the frame decoding means, if a frame n-th frame is decoded using the other frame, based on the header information of the n th frame, the reference at the time of decoding the n-th frame use decoded frame as a reference image stored in the storage means that can be accessed by the list, it decodes the n-th frame (S5).


This study aims to analyze the impact of school operational assistance (BOS) program on the dropout rate of school during the post-rising fuel prices using difference in difference (DID) approach. BOS program is a further development of the social safety net programs (JPS) education of the government in the period of 1998-2003 and a reduction in fuel subsidy compensation program implemented over 2003-2005. The results showed that the impact of BOS on the dropout rate of students aged 7-15 years, during the period investigated in this study was lower than those who did not receive BOS fund, but it was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, if the account of the research is to be limited to the influence of students aged 16-20 years who had previously received the benefit of  BOS, it shows that BOS program had a positive influence to the dropout rates of school. However, children aged 16-20 years who had not previously received benefits BOS program have negatively affect to the dropout rates of school. Based on this fact, the benefit of the BOS proram following the fuel price hike in Indonesia during the research  period did not seem to be particularly effective in reducing the dropout rates of school.


The purpose of this article is to highlight the issues of knowledge management organization based on a competent approach in the value-oriented project management and programs. In their development., the authors have united in one model such important components as knowledge., values and competencies. Today., for the successful functioning and creation of competitive advantages organizations need to pay much attention to the management of human capital. After all., it forms the basis of the best knowledge and practice. Targeting a value-based approach allows you to be in line with current trends., to meet the needs of stakeholders., reduce the risks to the organization. The achievement of high performance in the management of the organization and human resources is impossible without the use of a competent approach., which allows to identify the best resources and use them to build a powerful competitiveness. The proposed model allows us to trace how these important components of success combine., how they interact in the framework of projects and programs., which processes take place in the management system.


The Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) microwave radiometer is a fully polarimetric L-band radiometer flown on the SMAP satellite in a 6 a.m./6 p.m. sun-synchronous orbit at 685-km altitude. Since April 2015, the radiometer has been under calibration and validation to assess the quality of the radiometer L1B data product. Calibration methods, including the SMAP L1B TA2TB [from antenna temperature (TA) to the Earth's surface brightness temperature (TB)] algorithm and TA forward models, are outlined, and validation approaches for calibration stability/quality are described in this paper, including future work. Results show that the current radiometer L1B data product (version 3) satisfies its requirements (uncertainty <1.3 K and calibration drift <0.4 K/months, and geolocation uncertainty <4 km) although there are biases in TA over cold sky and in TB comparing with the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity TB v620 data products.


The analysis of influencing factors on development of processes of ignition of a fuel flame in unshielded hot-water furnace is carried out. The introduced technical solutions on intensification of heat exchange in the furnace are proved by the calculation procedure of gas temperature at the exit of furnace and additional radiators taking into account


The geometric arrangement of planet and moon orbits into a regularly spaced pattern of distances is the result of a self-organizing system. The positive feedback mechanism that operates a self-organizing system is accomplished by harmonic orbit resonances, leading to long-term stable planet and moon orbits in solar or stellar systems. The distance pattern of planets was originally described by the empirical Titius-Bode law, and by a generalized version with a constant geometric progression factor (corresponding to logarithmic spacing). We find that the orbital periods $T_i$ and planet distances $R_i$ from the Sun are not consistent with logarithmic spacing, but rather follow the quantized scaling $(R_{i+1}/R_i) = (T_{i+1}/T_i)^{2/3} = (H_{i+1}/H_i)^{2/3}$, where the harmonic ratios are given by five dominant resonances, namely $(H_{i+1} : H_{i}) = (3:2), (5:3), (2:1), (5:2), (3:1)$. We find that the orbital period ratios tend to follow the quantized harmonic ratios in increasing order. We apply this harmonic orbit resonance model to the planets and moons in our solar system, and to the exo-planets of 55 Cnc and HD 10180 planetary systems. The model allows us a prediction of missing planets in each planetary system, based on the quasi-regular self-organizing pattern of harmonic orbit resonance zones. We predict 7 (and 4) missing exo-planets around the star 55 Cnc (and HD 10180). The accuracy of the predicted planet and moon distances amounts to a few percents. All analyzed systems are found to have $\approx 10$ resonant zones that can be occupied with planets (or moons) in long-term stable orbits.


This study aimed to find company value which was influenced by company size, profitability, dividend policy, and liquidity in manufacturing companies for the 2016-2019 periods. The population of this research consisted of 52 manufacturing companies. A purposive sampling approach was used to pick 18 companies over four years, yielding a total of 72 samples.The results of this study suggest that the company size (LN) has a partial effect on company value, profitability (NPM)does not have a partial effect on company value, dividend policy (DPR) on company value has no partial effect on company value, and the current ratio that is used to measure liquidity has no partial effect on company value. Then simultaneously LN, DPR, NPM, and Current Ratio affect PER.


The optical properties of Sc/Si periodic multilayers are analyzed at three wavelengths in the x-ray range: 0.154, 0.712 and 12.7 nm. Fitting the reflectivity curves obtained at these three wavelengths enable us to constrain the parameters, thickness, density and roughness of the various layers, of the studied multilayers. Scattering curves were also measured at 12.7 nm on some samples to obtain an estimate of the correlation length of the roughness. Two sets of multilayers are used, with and without B4C diffusion barrier at the interfaces. To see the efficiency of the B4C layers the measures are performed after annealing up to 400°C. A dramatic change of the structure of the Sc/Si multilayer is observed between 100 and 200°C leading to a strong loss of reflectivity. For the Sc/B4C/Si/B4C multilayer the structure is stable up to 200°C after which a progressive evolution of the stack occurs.


In this work, back end of line (BEOL)-compatible amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) transistors are monolithically stacked on top of first-layer a-IGZO-based analog/digital circuits, including a single-stage amplifier and a five-stage ring oscillator (RO). The second-layer a-IGZO transistors are fabricated with a low thermal budget (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 200~^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), demonstrating an ultralow subthreshold swing of 75.7 mV/dec, ultralow leakage current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 10^{-{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A), and ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). After 3-D integration, the performance of a-IGZO-based amplifiers and RO circuits in the first layer shows negligible degradation and exhibits a maximum voltage gain larger than 100 at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {DD}}} =10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V and a maximum oscillation frequency of 3.3 kHz at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {DD}}} =5.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. This work proves that a-IGZO-based transistors and circuits can be monolithically stacked without performance degradation and shows great prospects for potential high-density and high-performance monolithic 3-D integration applications.


ometimes things are not what they seem. Take the performance of filtration plants, for example. You would think that how well these plants control turbidity would depend mostly on tangible variables such as source water quality, plant age, and the type of coagulant used. However, the authors found that this is not necessarily so. They studied 75 filtration plants in Pennsylvania to assess their readiness to meet the turbidity treatment technique requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. Eight key water quality, design, and operation variables—coagulant type, population served, ownership, source type, plant type, plant age, type of filter media, and filtration rate—were evaluated to determine their effect on filtered water turbidity. These variables were then compared with the annual 95th percentile of finished water turbidity levels. The results showed no significant correlation between filtered water turbidity and any of the variables studied. Many plants were able to achieve low turbidity in spite of such limitations as small system size, high source water turbidity, or plant age. Intangible variables such as operator skill and awareness and a commitment to achieve low turbidity appeared to be just as important to plant performance as the tangible ones. Awareness of the importance of filter plant performance and optimization are extremely important to water quality in Pennsylvania—as well as any place drinking water is produced. The results of this study can help increase water suppliers' knowledge of the factors that influence filtration plant performance and concentrate on those items that appear to have the greatest effect on their particular plant.—LPS Executive Summary


To study the relationship between industrial structure and carbon trading in Jiangsu Province, this paper selects the trading volume of carbon emissions, the proportion of GDP of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, energy structure, energy efficiency, and trade openness as research variables, and makes a bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the relevant panel data of Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2019. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are given. The results show that the proportion of GDP of primary and secondary industries, energy structure, and trade openness have a significant positive correlation with carbon emissions trading volume, while the proportion of GDP of the tertiary industry has a significant negative correlation with carbon emissions trading volume. The proportion of primary industry GDP has the greatest influence on carbon emissions trading volume.


This article introduces a device-centred approach to the concept of climate engagement through a qualitative analysis of two websites: www.klimabevidst.dk and www.mapmyclimate.dk. While klimabevidst.dk represents a down-to-earth take on individual engagement with the climate, providing users with hands-on guides to green home improvements, www.mapmyclimate.dk seeks to increase the user's awareness of the phenomenon of global climate change by demonstrating how the user's actions impact the earth's future. Using conversations with six individuals centred on these green technologies, we investigate how the scaling techniques employed by the websites impact the user's sense of agency vis-à‐vis the climate. The analysis suggests that scales can indeed be changed or redefined in a way that is conducive to climate engagement.


This study verified the direct and mediating effects of self-leadership, emotional intelligence, and career decision-making self-efficacy among 400 third and fourth graders nationwide, and confirmed the structural relationship between the model incorporating emotional intelligence and the model incorporating self-leadership. First, the direct effects of emotional intelligence, self-leadership sub-factors (behavioral perception and will, task motivation, constructive perception), and career decision self-efficacy were statistically significant, and only behavioral perception and will were found to be significant between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy. In particular, the relationship between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy is very strong, so the sub-factors of self-leadership and the path of career decision-making self-efficacy were not found to have a significant suppressive effect. Second, the direct effects of self-leadership sub-factors (behavioral perception and will, task motivation, constructive perception), emotional intelligence, and career decision self-efficacy were statistically significant, and the mediating effect of emotional intelligence was found to be significant. Third, among the models that treated emotional intelligence and self-leadership as independent variables, the model with self-leadership as an independent variable was found to be a model that could better explain the population. Based on these findings, academic and practical implications were presented.


Since operation microscopes have been introduced to otology in the early 1950's, surgical reconstruction of middle ear function has been developed further to restore sound transmission with lowest loss possible. Today, research focuses on material properties for prosthetic replacement of middle ear ossicles and long-term outcome of reconstructive middle ear surgery. This study shows how stereoscopy is used to evaluate tissue-material interaction and its clinical impact for future restoration of middle ear function.


The impact energy in low speed crash must be absorbed locally in the front structure with no damage in the rear part of an auto-body. The repair cost in a low speed crash could be reduced by establishing energy absorbing element such as a crash box. The front structure of an auto-body should be designed to reduce the repair cost in a low speed crash accident. The strength and energy absorbing ability of a crash box is also related with 5mph bumper performance. A compromised solution is acquired to satisfy the 5mph bumper and 15kph crash performance. Finally, to improve the repairability of crash zone, separable crash box and foam filled crash box was proposed.


The vegetation of Ledges State Park was sampled with 54 plots placed in representative plant communities throughout the park. The plots were ordinated by tree species and compared with ropography. Seven major vegetation types were defined:Quercus alba type ,Quercus alba-Quercus rubra type, Quercus rubra type, Quercus rubra-Tilia americana type, Tilia americana type,juglans nigra type, and slump forest type. A vegetation map of the park was constructed using field data and aerial photography. In comparison with eastern Iowa forests, the forests of Ledges State Park are a western extension of the species-rich eastern forests with the addition of xeric elements common in the Ledges but not as common in the east. Forests of the xeric uplands of the Ledges State Park do not succeed toward maple-basswood as in eastern Iowa, but remain oak dominated. The slump forest, a new vegetation community unique to the Ledges, is described.


A multi-faults diagnosis approach for roller bearings based on space reconstuction and nonlinear manifold was proposed according to the fact that vibration signals for roller bearings are non-stationary and time-varying.After embedding a vibration signal into a higher dimensional phase space,its original feature set was acquired by calculating eigenvalues of its covariance matrix.Using the local tangent space alignment algorithm to compress the original feature set,the new features obtained were input into a K-means classifier,and the output of the K-means classifier was clustering results.The experimental results showed that the proposed method has a better clustering performance than the traditional linear principal component analysis(PCA) method does.


Method and arrangement for shifting of graphic elements on a touch-sensitive input / output unit of an electric appliance or between various electrical devices.


This degree work was carried out based on the observation of critical reading classes in two institutions and based on the research proposed by the authors mentioned.


Motorised mobility is evolving with the introduction of driving automation. The transition from driver to passenger requires a renewed focus on passengers and their needs while travelling, making passenger well-being a highly interesting concept to investigate. However, as of yet, it is unclear how passenger well-being may be operationalised, and which factors may contribute to passenger well-being in this domain. An exploratory study (n = 40) indicated that passenger well-being can be understood as current subjective well-being and that it can be measured reliably using self-reported measures. Further, multiple regression analyses showed that depending on how well the individual preferences are met by the vehicle interior, passenger well-being is either predicted by perceived safety, aesthetics and symbolism (preferences met) or by physical well-being and distrust (preferences not met).


The static transmission error is one of the key incentives of gear dynamics and addressed by many scholars. However, the traditional calculation method of static transmission errors of spur gears does not take into account the influence of thermo-elastic coupling caused by the gear temperature field, and it limits the accuracy of the dynamic characteristic analysis. Thus, in this study, the calculation method of static transmission errors associated with thermo-elastic coupling is proposed. Furthermore, the differences between static transmission errors associated with thermo-elastic coupling contacts and traditional method of gear is discussed. The study is helpful to improve the accuracy of dynamic analysis of gear transmission system.


Introduction. People's present lifestyle, their work conditions as well as unhealthy eating and leisure habits contribute to a more frequent incidence of spinal diseases. It is believed that representatives of certain professions are more vulnerable to suffering from such conditions than others. For instance, those employed in the shipbuilding industry seem to be often affected by such problems. It is noteworthy that a significant number of these employees seek medical help due to back pain resulting from various types of changes, their condition being confirmed by radiological examinations, such us X-ray, CT and MRI.
Aim. The main objective of this paper was to determine the cause and effect relationship between environmental risk factors for people working in the shipbuilding industry and back pain manifestation and its specific localization.
Materials and methods. This article discusses 66 patients chosen randomly from a local out-patient clinic for shipbuilding workers who were treated for recurring back pain between October 2008 and March 2009. Each patient's medical history was carefully analysed to detect the pain localization and possible factors which may have caused a given patient's condition. To establish the cause and effect relationship between the pain localization and the type of work performed in the shipbuilding industry, the following professions were considered: crane operator (9), welder (20), painter (2), plater (18), shipfitter (14), electrician (1), radiologist-mechanic (1), investment technician (1). Moreover, pathobiomechanics and ergonomics principles were considered.
Results and conclusions. It was concluded that crane operators most frequently manifested back pain within the cervical section, whereas the remaining workers generally suffered from pain in the lumbar section. This study confirms that back pain localization diagnosed in various groups of professionals depends on the type of work done and is closely related to adverse working conditions. Observing ergonomics principles and pathobiomechanics rules at work as well as following safety and hygiene procedures at the workplace play a significant role in the pathomechanism of spinal diseases and their subsequent treatment.


Cross-linguistically, performative constructions are associated with a range of declarative direct speech acts with different illocutionary forces or meanings, e.g., promising, ordering, asserting, etc. In an utterance such as 'I promise to give the money back' the matrix verb 'promise' is used as a performative - it has the illocutionary force of a promise but pragmatically it also has an effect on the performance of the act it describes. Hausa performative verbs/constructions have been largely neglected in the literature, and in this paper I open up the subject by identifying: (1) the finite and nonfinite complement clauses and subordinators which are licensed by stereotypical performative verbs; (2) the TAMS's (tense/aspect/mood) they typically occur with as matrix verbs, and the TAM's they govern in the embedded clause.


The purpose of this programme is the analysis of the mechanisms of social polarisation in urban Europe. The investigation of thirteen big projects of urban development must enable to study the different forms of social exclusion /integration, to determine its causes, to examine the impact of social, economic and spatial policies and to suggest innovations in the field of urban policy. Objectives Common theoretical perspectives and methodological procedures have been adopted by the research teams participating in the project, in view of meeting the four following objectives: Urban Redevelopment and Social Polarisation URSPIC Página 1 de 6 URBAN DEVELOPMENT


Objective Study of the relationship between serum ferritin and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 89 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were divided into group conrtol(n=58) and group abnormal kidney function(n=31).Their blood samples were collected for measuring the concentration of serum ferritin by chemiluminescence method and their urine samples for measuring the excretion of micoralbuminuria by radioimmunoassay method.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The concentration of serum ferritin and the excretion of microalbuminuria were 226.21±126.65 ng/ml and 10.09±7.17 mg/day in group control,and were 355.09±254.16 ng/ml and 160.64±166.85 mg/day in group abnormal kidney function.A significantly difference existed between the two groups(P0.05,P0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis suggests the concentration of serum ferritin was closely related with the excretion of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes(r=0.223),and there was significantly difference(P0.05).Conclusion The concentration of serum ferritin is one of the indicators in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.


Based on population density of aphids, Iqbal-2000 and V-00146 were selected from a screening trial including 30 genotypes of wheat during 2002-03. Population of aphids was controlled by applying insecticides under field conditions on a susceptible (Iqbal-2000) and a resistant (V-00146) genotypes at 219 RB, Faisalabad during 2003-2004 season. The application of Advantage showed maximum increase in yield (2.38%) over control as compared to Deltanet (1.53%) and Dc-Tron (1.29%). All the insecticides were statistically equal in controlling the population of aphids but not the yield. The increase in yield on average basis was recorded to be 2.06 percent with the application of insecticides.


A heterogeneous population of 100 dogs was examined for age‐associated brain involution. The dogs originated from the autopsy material of the institute and were selected irrespective of age, breed and sex. They had no history of neurologic disorders and exhibited no macroscopic cerebral lesions.


In Acacia no trade-off occurs between thorn length and thorn density and no correlation exists between thorn length and leaf length. By relating thorn length and density to leaf length it is clear that some species are better defended than others, with Acacia tortilis being best defended and A. caffra being most poorly defended. However, we note several factors suggesting that thorns are not primarily to protect leaves, but rather to protect stems. These are that spines occur in widely spaced pairs orientated around the stem, that they are white and that thorns are generally far shorter than leaves.


DiffMod is a simulation program for the evolution of a neutron ensemble in a thermal target – moderator – reflector assembly of a pulsed neutron source based on the statistical description of diffusion, scattering, moderation, and absorption processes. The spatial resolution, the energy resolution and the diffusion directions are strongly restricted to achieve calculation times in a realistic moderator – reflector assembly below 1 hour. In comparison with Monte-Carlo simulations describing the geometry and interactions between neutrons and moderator material exactly, we prove that the DiffMod approach can deliver intensities and pulse shapes that are exact within 10% compared to the Monte-Carlo simulations that require much more computing power. In addition, a time-resolved illustration of the spatial distribution of the neutrons at different energy levels is provided.


Objective To investigate mental health status of medical students,and to explore the related factors of it.Methods 460 medical students were investigated by Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and other psychological measurement instruments.Results Scores of total and factors of SCL-90 in medical students were lower then norm,which illustrated medical students were better than normal in psychological status.The scores of interpersonal relationship,obsessive,phobia factors in grade 1 to 3 students were lower than grade 4 and 5. Total score of SCL-90 was significantly related with parents relationship,income status of family.Conclusion In educative management,it is important to pay great attention to students' general mental health status.


Introduction: Alpha-cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. Chronic exposure to alpha-cypermethrin is mainly due to the usage in household pest control or through drinking water and contaminated fruits and vegetables. The kidneys are considered as an essential organ in human and animal bodies. One of the causes of nephrotoxicity is exposure to environmental pollutants. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the deleterious effects of alpha-cypermethrin when administered in two doses in the kidney tissues of mice. Patients and Methods: The kidneys of treated and control mice were removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Subsequently, the specimens were passed by a series of concentrations of ethyl alcohol and embedded in paraffin and finally stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Treated mice groups are being investigated with several histopathological changes in their kidney tissues even at low-concentration of dose. These changes varied in males and female laboratory mice. These effects included bleeding, congestion, edema, aggregation of fat cells in various sizes and inflammation and death renal cells. Additionally, vacuolization of cytoplasm, necrosis, loss of glomeruli, shrinkage of tubular cell nuclei, necrosis of some tubular cells, enlargement or death of these cells, congestion and dilation Bowman's space, hemorrhage and hyperplasia of cells were also existed. Conclusion: This research confirmed that alpha-cypermethrin causes severe deterioration in kidney tissues of Swiss albino mice.


Abstract This article explains a shift in the way transatlantic authorities managed conflicts over the cross-border regulation of securities markets: from cooperation skewed heavily toward the preferences of U.S. officials and accepted grudgingly by European counterparts; to a Euro-American regulatory condominium characterized by close interactions among decision makers and mutual accommodation. In the final decades of the twentieth century, the asymmetric influence wielded by U.S. securities market authorities had few parallels in other regulatory areas. Why, then, did U.S. officials become more accommodating and European authorities more influential, and why did the turning point occur in 2002 and 2003, an unlikely moment for intensified transatlantic sovereignty sharing? My study shows that institutional change inside the EU recast the North Atlantic balance of regulatory leverage and thereby was the primary factor behind the reshaping of transatlantic cooperation. Internal EU regulatory centralization changed the expectations of U.S. and European firms and authorities and generated new incentives in Washington, D.C., for accommodation and closer transatlantic coordination. My explanation differs from models that, accepting U.S. financial pre-eminence as a given, attribute variance in cross-border regulatory cooperation to factors such as incentives derived from the particularities of issue areas or preferences rooted in domestic politics. While resonating with a well-established theme from the realist branch of IPE, my findings have broad theoretical significance, and open new avenues for dialogue between realists and constructivists about the social, political, and institutional foundations of power in global economic affairs. The transatlantic political process set off by financial transformation in Europe reveals contemporary sources of systemic change and raises questions about what the EU's ascendance as a global financial regulator will mean in the aftermath of the late-2000s crisis.


Based on the analysis of the metal V-belt misalignment in the metal V-belt type CVT, the mechanism of the metal V-belt axial-misalignment was discussed and several methods which can eliminate the axial misalignment was introduced. Through more research, the shortages of the bent-generatrix metal V-belt and the method of shifting speed ratio without excursion were pointed out. In order to reduce or eliminate the axial misalignment, an electro-hydraulic control system of metal V-belt type CVT has been designed. Being varieties of the working situation of car and the non-linearity of the electro-hydraulic control system, A Fuzzy PID has been adopted. Then the performance simulation of the electro-hydraulic control system has been conducted. The simulation results showed that the electro-hydraulic control system could eliminate the belt misalignment.


Abstract As the scale of cosmological surveys increases, so does the complexity in the analyses. This complexity can often make it difficult to derive the underlying principles, necessitating statistically rigorous testing to ensure the results of an analysis are consistent and reasonable. This is particularly important in multi-probe cosmological analyses like those used in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time, where accurate uncertainties are vital. In this paper, we present a statistically rigorous method to test the consistency of contours produced in these analyses and apply this method to the Pippin cosmological pipeline used for type Ia supernova cosmology with the DES. We make use of the Neyman construction, a frequentist methodology that leverages extensive simulations to calculate confidence intervals, to perform this consistency check. A true Neyman construction is too computationally expensive for supernova cosmology, so we develop a method for approximating a Neyman construction with far fewer simulations. We find that for a simulated dataset, the 68% contour reported by the Pippin pipeline and the 68% confidence region produced by our approximate Neyman construction differ by less than a percent near the input cosmology; however, they show more significant differences far from the input cosmology, with a maximal difference of 0.05 in
$\Omega_{M}$
 and 0.07 in w. This divergence is most impactful for analyses of cosmological tensions, but its impact is mitigated when combining supernovae with other cross-cutting cosmological probes, such as the cosmic microwave background.


The Archaeology of Fire – Understanding Fire as Material Culture is the publication of a session organised at the Lisbon EAA meeting in 2000. It contains 12 chapters and an introduction by the editors Dragos Gheorghiu & George Nash. The overall aim is to develop a pyro-archaeological approach to the past, perceiving fire as a material culture element, by emphasising 'the pyro-technologies of transforming the nature of materials as ceramic studies, archaeometallurgy, glassmaking studies, the pyro-technologies of building and destroying things, the pyro-technologies of cremation, techniques of food preparation and conservation, systems of heating, techniques of landscape modelling, techniques of war' (p. 21). In the spirit of the book, this contribution is


Computer vision as a non-invasive bio-sensing method provided opportunity to detect purity, total phenol, and pH in Luwak coffee green bean. This study aimed to obtain the best Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to detect the percentage of purity, total phenol, and pH on Luwak coffee green bean by using color features (red-green-blue, gray, hue-saturation-value, hue-saturation-lightness, L*a*b*), and Haralick textural features with color co-occurrence matrix including entropy, energy, contrast, homogeneity, sum mean, variance, correlation, maximum probability, inverse difference moment, and cluster tendency. The best ANN structure was (5 inputs; 30 nodes in hidden layer 1; 40 nodes in hidden layer 2; and 3 outputs) which had training mean square error (MSE) of 0.0085 and validation MSE of 0.0442.


Financial institutions play a decisive role in the overall development of individual sectors of the economy and perform an important socio-economic function by attracting and then redistributing the borrowed funds to other financial assets. The experience of developed countries shows that the effective functioning of non-banking financial institutions has a significant economic effect. This is demonstrated by the ability to effectively influence the growth of investment resources in the country's economy, meeting the needs of economic entities in the required capital. This trend is especially relevant for Ukraine in the current conditions of formation of an investment-innovative model of development of the national economy and its financial systems. The main activities of modern non-banking financial institutions are related to the accumulation of savings of the population by attracting funds for deposits, issue of own shares, bonds, sale of insurance policies; lending to a certain sphere of economy or economic activity, a population group; providing mortgage loans; organization of pension and social security of the population; transactions within the framework of credit mutual assistance. In this article the current state of non-banking financial intermediation in Ukraine is analyzed. The problems of the domestic non-banking financial sector in the current economic conditions are investigated. The most characteristic signs of systemic problems in the non-banking financial sector of Ukraine in recent years have been identified. The directions of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of joint investment institutes are offered. The modern tendencies of development of the domestic insurance market are investigated. Measures have been formulated to increase the efficiency of the insurance market participants. The main factors that impede the development of non-state pension insurance are identified. Ways to improve the system of non-state pension insurance in Ukraine are suggested. Problems of functioning of domestic credit unions are singled out and directions for further intensification of their activity are worked out. Measures to ensure financial stability and effective development of the non-banking financial sector of Ukraine are proposed.


Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305  0801, Japan ( Received November 28, 2015, Accepted January 27, 2016 ) The SuperKEKB, the upgrade of the KEKB, is an electron-positron collider with asymmetric energies, that is, 7.0 GeV electrons and 4.0 GeV positrons, aiming at a luminosity of 8 × 10 35 cm - 2 s - 1 . The construction of the new vacuum system for the SuperKEKB has been ongoing since 2010, as a key item of the upgrade project. The fabrication of more than 1000 beam pipes, vacuum pumps and bellows chambers in each, and other various vacuum components had almost completed in 2014. Before the installation into the KEKB tunnel, all of the new beam pipes were basically baked. A thin TiN ˆlm was coated on the inner surface of the beam pipes for the positron ring as a countermeasure against the electron cloud eŠect ( ECE ) . Although several problems, such as cracking of the welding lines of the aluminum beam pipes, the relatively high air-leak rate at the connection ‰anges, occurred during the construction work, approximately 99  of the beam pipes were successfully installed by the end of November 2015. The activation of the NEG pumps in the tunnel fully started at the beginning of 2015, and has also been completed in approximately 97  of the ring. The vacuum system will


. Provision that discretionary judgment, as well as quantitative measures, be used in reaching decisions on bonuses for division executives. Last, most diversified companies are dynamic institutions, usually growing, and almost always still evolving in terms of approaches to organization and management. It only follows that incentive compensation plans should be reviewed regularly and kept up to date and reflective of what it is that executives are to be motivated to achieve.


Radiation-oriented (RO-) and microwave (MW) characterization of the several process technologies – CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) 180 nm process, CMOS 90 nm process, SiGe BiCMOS 0.42/0.25 µm process, GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) 2 µm process and GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) 0.5 µm process, which suitable for the development of radiation-tolerance transceiver integrated circuits with operating frequencies up to 30 GHz are presented. The results of MW-characterization showed two process technologies manufacturing in "foundry" mode – CMOS SOI 180 nm and CMOS 90 nm potentiality for the development of transceiver ICs with operating frequencies above 3 GHz and 12 GHz respectively. Obtained experimental results allow to determine radiation-tolerance indicators for the total ionizing dose, neutrons, impulse exposure and heavy ions and specify critical elements and IP-block fragments for given processes. Experimental data can be used at the first step of reasonable choice of process technologies for radiation-tolerant transceiver design.


The human society is born out off natural ecological system.However,it exists in natural ecological system all long.Humanity constructs their own culture in natural ecological system.Culture is a man-made information system which supports the existence,development and continuation of humanity.It leads the varieties of human culture because different ecological systems.In this process,humanity realizes the deviation of natural ecological system by relying their own culture.Meanwhile,the regression of natural ecological system is also realized since their"culture rule".In this reciprocating process,the system of native ecological knowledge formed.So native ecological knowledge is the cognitive result accumulated in the process of nations under different cultures facing the deviation and regression of natural ecological system.


Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC), a kind of legume consumed in some countries, but has rarely processed into food products. Given that the beans contained proteins at 20-30% (dry basis) (Ade-Omowaye et al., 2015; Doss et al., 2011), the beans have a potency to be processed into a plant-based milk product. Moreover, several studies have shown flavonoids contained in this bean (Olugboyega & Edem, 2018). Therefore, there are various health benefits, including antioxidants and anti-diabetes that have been reported (Ade-Omowaye et al., 2015; Vadivel et al., 2012; Sowndhararajan et al., 2011). To date, the milk processing from the beans as well as the phenolics occurrence in the bean milk have not been investigated yet.


A coconut shell extract characterized by a particular rate of trans-piceatannol. The invention also relates to cosmetic compositions and / or dermatological compositions comprising a coconut shell extract and cosmetic uses of these compositions.


This study aims to analyze the differences of experienced versus expected service quality levels on allotment gardens' users with respect to 16 service quality measurements. Utilizing Gronroos's model ofperceived service quality, an exploratory empirical study of 294 quests reveals gaps between expected and experienced service dimensions. The authors conducted a gap analysis between loyal customers and potential switchers The results of this study are as follows; First, functional quality appears to be a very important facet of the perceived service, and the importance of image by means of functional quality should be recognized to allotment managers. Second, governmental supports should concentrate on facilitating technical service quality, especially toilet and cafeteria.


On the World Wide Web (WWW), the presence of sign languages is very limited because of the dominance of text-based web development technologies. There is a lack of tools available to create webpages that do not contain text. It is thus difficult for Deaf sign language users to have a web presence in their native language and forces them to work in a second, less expressive language, text. The lack of sign language content on-line also means that Deaf culture has unequal representation in a space that is claimed to be one of the great equalizers of culture and language [2].


The effects of cutting positions and different levels of IBA on the survival and rooting ability of Tindalo (Afzelia rhomboidea) were investigated. Cutting positions significantly affected by most of the parameters evaluated except the percent callused cuttings without developed roots. The highest percent survival (82.76%), percent rooting (83.66%), number (3.53 cm) and longest (5.58 cm) adventitious roots and shoots (2.04 cm) were exhibited by top most cuttings, while the lowest emerged from bottom cuttings. Top cuttings found comparable to middle cuttings. Different IBA levels significantly influenced the percent survival, percent rooting and the percent callused cuttings without roots but not affecting the number and length of adventitious roots and shoots. Stem cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA exhibited the highest percent survival (80.05%) and percent rooting (81.61%) but found comparable to cuttings treated with 500 ppm. Interaction between cutting positions and IBA levels was significant on percent callused cuttings without roots that developed. Findings of the study implies that Tindalo can best propagated by cuttings from the top and middle of the stem using 500 ppm IBA treatment to effectively induce maximum survival and rooting, and to economically regenerate quality planting stocks of Tindalo making it available to the desired recipients.


In this paper we test the effects of ownership, competition and disorganisation on firm level employment dynamics using a unique data set of 150 Russian and 300 Ukrainian firms. Our results, in contrast to findings in Central and East European Countries, suggest that newly established firms do not out perform those that existed under central planning during the transition process. In addition, while competition seems to play no role in employment determination, disorganisation is shown to constrain firm employment in the Ukraine but not in Russia. Such outcomes are explained by the nature and timing of restructuring in these countries.


zel takes up the history of the word Nomos in the epic poets, and by its usage as far as Clisthenes, shows that the word meant customs or habits, which, as in Hesiod for example, both animals and men had alike. He brings in from the writers of the fifth and fourth centuries many examples to prove the old meaning of the word as still used for customs or manners. Slowly, however, the idea came that in Nomos, also, a command was implicit, and as it became stronger it brought out Nomos sharply and clearly as a new idea. The word came to mean orders of tyrants, and the rules of the sciences and the arts. Later, Nomos appears as the source of Dike, not merely an expression of it. The youngest legal principle becomes the most powerful. The new real son of Zeus is Nomos, and he gets all the hymns of praise formerly offered to Dike. Speaking generally it may be said that Professor Hirzel has brought together all the literary occurrences of the words with which he deals. He has mastered the intricacies of his subject and adheres to the natural divisions. The only criticisms that the work would seem to justify are that the notes are too heavy and overbalance the text, and that the author displays an excessive desire to ascribe to the Greeks the creation of all possible forms of law. If sovereignty be needed as the basis of law, Themis is present to fill any gap in the argument; if customary law be held to furnish the basis of legal development, Nomos is at hand; if the historical method requires illustration, Dike is presented with a history continuous enough to satisfy all demands, and if the comparative method be demanded the author has sufficient facts in hand and does not stint their use.


The AutoDock suite is widely used molecular docking software consisting of two main programs -- AutoGrid for precomputation of potential grid maps and AutoDock for docking into potential grid maps. In this paper, the acceleration of potential maps generation based on AutoGrid and its implementation called FastGrid is presented. The most computationally expensive algorithms are accelerated using GPU, the rest of algorithms run on CPU with asymptotically lower time complexity that has been obtained using more sophisticated data structures than in the original AutoGrid code. Moreover, the CPU implementation is parallelized to fully exploit computational power of machines that are equipped with more CPU cores than GPUs. Our implementation outperforms original AutoGrid more than 400x for large, but quite common molecules and sufficiently large grids.


Abstract Prior studies have identified the skills and abilities that employers expect graduates of business schools to possess for entry into the workplace. In general, as the business environment changes, the desired skills and abilities of business school graduates change. For this study, we surveyed prospective employers and university faculty on their perceptions of the skills and abilities business school graduates should possess to contribute effectively in the new century. The findings indicate some significant changes in the skills and abilities expected of business school graduates in comparison with earlier studies. Further, some significant differences between prospective employers and faculty are identified.


How might we tap into citizens' knowledge, context, and passion on social media to have them be much more than just sensors, but rather, agents of change? What would it take to be able to orchestrate citizens on social media to execute ambitious goals, e.g., creating new infrastructure to support the indoor navigation of the visually impaired? The main challenge that is blocking these type of interactions at scale is that citizens have heterogeneous knowledge and usually lack the skills needed to complete the work needed to reach the collective goals. To address this problem, I introduce a novel architecture conformed of Intelligent Civic Blocks that use machine learning to: 1) help citizens on social media to build at execution time the skills they need to complete work associated with the large-scale collective effort; 2) empower citizens to develop their creativity and entrepreneurship to propose creative solutions to build improved societies. In this talk, I will present case-studies showcasing how this proposed architecture can lead to collective action organized on social media in a range of areas (see Fig. 1 for an example). In difference to prior work that focused primarily on using citizens as simple sensors, this research pushes towards new intelligent systems that enable the orchestration of collective action on social media to create improved societies.


DISPERSAL of micro-organisms from the body surface into the air occurs mainly on particles of desquamated skin. Some people appear to have a special ability to disseminate their pathogenic flora in this way and have been termed " dispersers ". There are, however, some curious observations relating to such dispersal; males disperse more than females, healthy young males are significantly more often dispersers of Staphy Zococcus aureus than are females, and dissemination of all organisms appears to be greater from below the waist than from above it (Hill, Howell and Blowers, 1974; Mitchell and Gamble, 1974). There is no agreed definition of a disperser; Noble (1962) described as dispersers of S. aureus persons who disseminated this organism as more than 1 % of the total disseminated flora whilst undressing. According to Blowers a disperser was a person who disseminated more than 10 particles bearing this organism into a room of volume 100 cu. ft (2.83 1113) during exercise (Bethune et al., 1965). In practice the two definitions are surprisingly close. It is clear from the work of Solberg, however, that there is a complete spectrum of dispersal and that any chosen cut-off for a specific organism is arbitrary (Solberg, 1965; Solberg, Bruun and Bse, 1972). In defining as dispersers those who disseminate a potentially pathogenic micro-organism, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that all persons are dispersers or disseminators of their own normal flora. Any organism appearing on the skin will be dispersed as a result of normal desquamation. There do not appear to have been any systematic studies of dispersal in relation to quantitative assessment of the normal skin flora. This paper reports such a study and seeks to explore the origin of dispersed organisms.


Structural properties and dissociation of cyanogen bromide BrCN, cyanogen iodide ICN, and their isomers have been studied in detail using ab initio MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) methods. After dissociation of BrCN and ICN, the fragmented atoms have been considered to be either in their ground state or in their valence excited states. The recent experimental value for the strength of the CN bond of CN radical has been compared with our value calculated from the dissociation of BrCN. Interesting results have been obtained when BrCN and ICN dissociated to atoms that are in their valence excited states. The structural properties of BrCN and ICN and dissociation energy of BrCN agree very well with the theoretical and experimental values wherever available. The dissociation pathways of ICN are first predicted. The isomerization energy of BrCN is compared with the existing theoretical result. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010


Recent recovery in the shipbuilding industry may bring huge influx of new workers with lower efficiency, which could be a serious obstacle to efficient shipbuilding. Lower efficiency of novice workers seems to be mainly due to passive performance of work originated from poor understanding of drawings essential to work, but it is not easy to find a solution to this problem in the production site. Various types of drawings are used for shipbuilding. Such drawings include important information such as the title of the drawing, and the directions of perspective in accordance with standards applied in the shipbuilding, but beginners who do not know how to read drawings may have difficulties locating an area and the scope of work specified by a drawing. In the ship, components and various parts which are densely populated due to limited space are often represented by multiple lines. These lines are very difficult to acknowledge let alone to distinguish the shape and location of the components specified by the drawings, which makes workers avoid seeing drawings. In this paper, as one way to tackle this problem, a novel method is suggested to create easy-to-understand 3D models from the conventional 2D drawings to support effective training for new employees. The suggested 3D models include useful information such as standards for block numbering, directional indicators, and coordinates, which is essential for workers to decipher drawings for efficient shipbuilding.


Indonesia consistently encourage youth generation to become entrepreneurs who have high competitiveness. University plays a role in developing the entrepreneurial spirit and activities of each student as a representative of the youth generation. University provides entrepreneurship courses that are expected to foster interest and encourage the entrepreneurial spirit of students in creating business units. Student business units can create products or services needed by the community and can employ others. This study aims to design student entrepreneurship information systems. The student entrepreneurship information system is a web application-based marketplace to accommodate and promote all products and services of each student business unit. The results of research in the form of UML design with the ICONIX Process approach can provide an overview development of student entrepreneurship information systems in determining the specifications of user requirements, system requirements specifications, and system design.


We present an integrated approach by combining analog computing and deep learning for electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmia classification. We propose EKGNet, a hardware-efficient and fully analog arrhythmia classification architecture that archives high accuracy with low power consumption. The proposed architecture leverages the energy efficiency of transistors operating in the subthreshold region, eliminating the need for analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and static random access memory (SRAM). The system design includes a novel analog sequential Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) circuit that mitigates process, supply voltage, and temperature variations. Experimental evaluations on PhysioNet's MIT-BIH and PTB Diagnostics datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving average balanced accuracy of 95% and 94.25% for intra-patient arrhythmia classification and myocardial infarction (MI) classification, respectively. This innovative approach presents a promising avenue for developing low-power arrhythmia classification systems with enhanced accuracy and transferability in biomedical applications.


Interaction and long-term strategies are essential in today's globalized world, yet both Russia's foreign policy and its relations with its Western partners are deteriorating. The Russian government frequently sends out controversial messages: from sovereignty, its own agenda, and "a turn to the East," to coherent integration with the global, or Western, agenda. This is especially true when it comes to education. Russians are highly educated; thus, education is automatically perceived as a soft power tool. However, in reality, major obstacles can emerge. The paper analyzes perceptions and attitudes of foreign students towards Darya B. Kazarinova, PhD in Political Science Department of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences RUDN University, Russia


There are several cutting edge applications needing PCA methods for data on tori and we propose a novel torus-PCA method with important properties that can be generally applied. There are two existing general methods: tangent space PCA and geodesic PCA. However, unlike tangent space PCA, our torus-PCA honors the cyclic topology of the data space whereas, unlike geodesic PCA, our torus-PCA produces a variety of non-winding, non-dense descriptors. This is achieved by deforming tori into spheres and then using a variant of the recently developed principle nested spheres analysis. This PCA analysis involves a step of small sphere fitting and we provide an improved test to avoid overfitting. However, deforming tori into spheres creates singularities. We introduce a data-adaptive pre-clustering technique to keep the singularities away from the data. For the frequently encountered case that the residual variance around the PCA main component is small, we use a post-mode hunting technique for more fine-grained clustering. Thus in general, there are three successive interrelated key steps of torus-PCA in practice: pre-clustering, deformation, and post-mode hunting. We illustrate our method with two recently studied RNA structure (tori) data sets: one is a small RNA data set which is established as the benchmark for PCA and we validate our method through this data. Another is a large RNA data set (containing the small RNA data set) for which we show that our method provides interpretable principal components as well as giving further insight into its structure.


In this paper we present a novel postfiltering algorithm based on the Short-Time Spectral Attenuation (STSA) for enhancing the perceptual quality of audio signals coded at low bit rates. In the proposed algorithm, the quantization noise of coded audio signal is estimated and subtracted from the coded signal by using STSA. For more accurate estimation of the noise spectrum, dithering technique is applied to the quantizer designs. Results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the quantization noise level in the coded audio, resulting in better perceptual quality. The proposed postfiltering algorithm can be implemented in cooperation with existing or future audio coding schemes to improve their performance at low bit rates.


This article outlines what children need to know about Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and what questions they ask about it and it offers health care workers insights into the best ways to present this information. The US Centers for Disease Control recommends that AIDS be addressed as part of a comprehensive school health education program for young children. The following are suggested themes: 1) AIDS is a disease that causes some adults to get very sick but it does not commonly affect children; 2) AIDS is hard to get and you cannot get it just by being near or touching someone who has it; 3) scientists are working hard to find a way to stop people from getting AIDS and to cure those who have it. The value of providing honest straight forward simple answers to childrens questions about AIDS is discussed. Imparting messages of concern and hope are recommended for children close to persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ifflp. For children with special concerns for example children in foster homes or those at risk of HIV infection a more active role is suggested in eliciting concerns about AIDS and providing appropriate responses. Professionals working with AIDS can have a significant impact on the epidemic by reassuring children and helping them define what is reasonable and what is unreasonable about their fears of HIV infection and by insuring that as children get older they understand the ways to avoid HIV infection.


The use of acetylsalicylic acid for the treatment of migraine and other serotonin-dependent, thrombocyte-mediated diseases is characterised in that the effective agent is administered by means of a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS).


3D marker-less motion capture can be achieved by triangulating estimated multi-views 2D poses. However, when the 2D pose estimation fails, the 3D motion capture also fails. This is particularly challenging for sports performance of athletes, which have extreme poses. In extreme poses (like having the head down) state-of-the-art 2D pose estimator such as OpenPose do not work at all. In this paper, we propose a new method to improve the training of 2D pose estimators for extreme poses by leveraging a new sports dataset and our proposed data augmentation strategy. Our results show significant improvements over previous methods for 2D pose estimation of athletes performing acrobatic moves, while keeping state-of-the-art performance on standard datasets.


A system for non-resonant multiphoton ionization (NRMPI) of suttered neutral species has been developed. The instrumentation is based on a Kratos time-of-flight SIMS system with a dual-stage ion reflectron. Ionization of sputtered neutral species is provided by a focused excimer laser beam of wavelength 193 nm.

Two basic operational procedures are defined that involve using either a continuous or pulsed primary ion beam for sputtering. The consequences of each mode on the resulting spectrum are considered. Characterization experiments are reported that show the effect of laser flux on the yields of elemental and molecular species, allowing conditions to be selected for subsequent experiments. The laser flux profiles demonstrate that saturation of the ionization process is easily achieved for most species studied. Relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) from elements in standard metal alloy samples are presented that suggest that some effect of matrix is present. However, reproducibility of RSFs between consecutive runs and between the pulsed and continuous modes of bombardment is very good (<10% and even <5% in some cases) for the majority of species. Values for the useful yield and detection limit in NRMPI and SIMS are compared.


As the influence of the media on political campaigns continues to grow, new media sources such as late-night talk shows have grown in importance and stature. We examined the content of the monologues for the three most popular late-night talk show hosts (Letterman, Leno, and Conan O'Brien) to see what political information was presented to the audience. We found that the vast majority of the humor was negative and targeted at the character of the candidates. There was an amazing lack of information about any of the substantive issues in the campaign with the exception of the death penalty. We also found that only one of the three hosts showed a consistent bias towards one party, while the other two remained ideologically neutral. Overall, the results indicate that the average late-night viewer would be likely to be uninformed and generally negative given the information provided by the three hosts. It May be Funny, But Is It True: The Political Content of Late-Night Talk Show Monologues or Everything I Learned About Politics I Learned From Jay Leno Lindsey Duerst, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Glory Koloen, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Geoff Peterson, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire "When Gore accused Bush of being a tool of the big drug companies, Bush responded, 'I am not a tool of the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, for many years I have personally supported the small, independent, crack seller. I believe in supporting the dealer on the street, not some big corporate cartel.'" (Jay Leno, 11/1/01). "Al Gore was widely criticized for his excessive sighing during the most recent presidential debate. Personally, I don't think they should criticize the guy--the sighing is actually just pressure being released from his hydraulics." (Conan O'Brien, 10/5/01). Although funny, these comedic snippets are not simply frivolous antics. These jokes serve as an important source of information about American politics for millions of potential voters. According to the Pew Research Center, 47% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 get at least some (if not most) of their political information from late night television shows (The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2000). Even when looking at the entire population, more than 25% of those surveyed get some political information via the same route. More interestingly, the number of people who regularly get their political information from late night television is the same as the number of people who regularly get their political information from C-SPAN. Although clearly an unconventional method of political communication, latenight talk shows are becoming a major player in the dissemination of political information to the general public. With so many people using Leno, Letterman, and Conan O'Brien to stay informed about politics, the content of their comments becomes increasingly important in order to understand what Americans do (and do not) know about politics. Previous research has shown conclusively that mass media significantly impacts Americans' political perceptions. The media influences the way consumers think about politics, as well as what they think (Ansolabehere, Behr, Iyengar 1993, 139). Researchers have identified four ways in which the media influences public opinion: by enabling viewers to keep up with current events, by defining what is important as far as issues and events, by influencing who is to blame for events and issues as well as who is rewarded, and by shaping preferences and opinions of viewers (Ansolabehere, Behr, Iyengar 1993, 139). One does not have to be a regular late night talk show viewer to know that all four elements of influence are present in the average late night monologue. Any of the late night guru's opening monologues will include some references to current events. They also mention some of the political issues of the day, as well as comment on whose fault it is. Although the hosts do a fair job at camouflaging their own political alignments, their monologues most certainly impact the perceptions and opinions their viewers may have. Although it is hard to measure exactly how much influence late night television has on voters, research shows that when the news media concentrates on a specific issue or incident, viewers increasingly see the issue as more prominent and important than in the past (Ansolabehere, Behr, Iyengar 1993, 154). If a group of viewers gets most of their political information from late night television talk shows, they will likely see the issues raised by the hosts as being of increasing importance. Such influence is actually more likely with late-night talk shows, where the hosts often focus on a particular issue or topic for days (if not weeks) in a row. What is most often portrayed and packaged as a funny end to a hard day is not usually looked upon as a source for any substantial information. However, there is a substantial amount of political information in late-night monologues. Although the monologues are often sarcastic and satirical, their content does not much differ from that of network news broadcasts. A study conducted by the Center for Media and Public Affairs asserts that the virtues and vices most often covered by network news regarding political candidates in the 1992 presidential election included a candidates record in office, positions on policy issues, personal character, and the effectiveness on the campaign trail. We expect to find that late-night monologues significantly mirror the content of actual news broadcasts, albeit with an emphasis on humor and exaggeration, rather than hard facts. The impact of late-night talk shows should not be underestimated. Since the early 1980s, presidential candidates have found it increasingly difficult to get airtime on network television. While they can get coverage of their photo opportunities, they find it difficult to get airtime to talk to the public (Center for Media and Public Affairs 2000). In the 2000 election, George W. Bush's appearance on David Letterman was longer than his combined speaking time on all three network news shows combined for the month of October. Al Gore holds the same mark for the month of September, when he was on The Late Show (Center for Media and Public Affairs, 2000). Just like the news focuses on the stories that are hot, late night focuses on the stories that are funny. The hilarity factor of Bush's mispronunciations is much higher than that of what is 1 For example, during our examination of late-night monologues, David Letterman mentioned Clinton's sexual indiscretions every night for nearly five weeks. going on in Kosovo. Late night shows concentrate on what is funny to the American people, but that does not make what is said any less influential. The "accessibility bias" argument contends that the influential power television has over viewers is due to its ability to make information easily retrievable or accessible to viewers. The theory asserts that the most easily retrievable information will tend to dominate judgements, opinions and decisions (Iyengar 1991, 130-131). Information that is repetitive becomes more easily accessible. If you tell viewers that George Bush is stupid enough times, they will begin to put some degree of faith into what is being said. Similarly, if viewers are told by Jay Leno that Al Gore is boring, the repetition will begin to affect their perceptions of Al Gore. "Cynicism is epidemic right now," wrote columnist David Broder in the Washington Post. Public distrust in government is one by-product of today's media, which tends to highlight and exploit these failures. An abundance of research clearly shows the impact of increasing distrust among citizens (Peterson & Wrighton, 1998; Miller, 1974, 1983, 1990; Howell & Fagan, 1988). Too often, the media appears to be interested in reporting in such a way that emphasizes controversy and conflict, much as political humor does. The result of this negativism is an increasing distrust among people towards each other and government. Very few of us have the opportunity to be in close contact with political leaders or their performance. Therefore, we learn about them through the media, and hence, some have come to refer to our knowledge on these subjects as "mediated reality". When people such as David Letterman or Jay Leno consistently criticize a political figure, we tend to take these criticisms as valid. Thomas Patterson notes that reporters have a variety of bad news messages, but none more prevalent than the suggestion that the candidates cannot be trusted. John Michael Kittross, in Controversies in Media Ethics, holds that infotainment (news that is also entertainment) confuses the public because it offers entertainment at the expense of information. Infotainment is a very good example of a media Gresham's Law: With limited time and space, popular, often simplistic programs, articles, or arguments prevail. Therefore, one realizes that the "hot" subjects, presented in an entertaining manor, can easily become the dominant topics among the public rather than the actual topics of importance. Important news, therefore, is too often trivialized. Media decision makers and broadcast managers are fully aware that infotainment is profitable. This leads one to wonder if they really care whether the public can differentiate between the information and the entertainment being offered. Whether they do care and whether they should care are two debatable issues, but regardless, the audience/public should exercise caution when depending on infotainment for news. It is important to realize that stretching of the truth and false perceptions of reality characterize much of infotainment. News in general is not immune to these pitfalls, but infotainment capitalizes on them. As one can see, the line between journalism and entertainment is a vague one, and it may, in fact, be growing more so. The popular press has long favored entertainm


Charges deposited over the spacers surface will deteriorate the interface insulation level, which severely restrains the progress of DC GIL. Since SF<inf>6</inf>, has strong greenhouse effect, C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N mixtures, as potential substitutes, have been widely concerned by researchers. The current researches mainly focus on insulation characteristics of C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N mixtures, while surface charge needs further investigation. Thus, the surface charge characteristics of C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/CO<inf>2</inf> and C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/N<inf>2</inf> mixtures is deeply studied in this paper. Besides, surface charge characteristics of SFr, is also studied as a control study. The results show that two completely different portions of surface charge accumulation patterns are observed: 1) an approximate central ring-like symmetry homo-charges injected ring; 2) several amorphous hetero-charges spots or strips randomly existing on spacer surface. The total charges in C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/CO<inf>2</inf> mixture is most, followed by C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/N<inf>2</inf> mixture, and SFr, is the least. More hetero-charges are deposited on spacer surface in C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/CO<inf>2</inf> and C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N/N<inf>2</inf> mixtures, which is because that the gas discharge in mixtures is more severe than that in SF«. The conclusions could provide appropriate suggestions for the practical engineering application of C<inf>4</inf>F<inf>7</inf>N mixtures in DC GIL.


Was intergenerational economic mobility high in the early twentieth century in the US? Comparisons of mobility across time are complicated by the constraints of the data available. I match fathers from the Iowa State Census of 1915 to their sons in the 1940 Federal Census, the first state and federal censuses with data on income and years of education. I can estimate intergenerational mobility between 1915 and 1940 based on earnings, education, occupation, and names. Across all these measures, I document broad consensus that rates of persistence were low in Iowa in the early twentieth century.


Discretion is an important theoretical issue for judges in the field of criminal justice, which is involved in the action of criminal justice body. The settlement of this issue is significant both theoretically and practically for the improvement of the level of criminal justice and the construction of a fair-and-square criminal judiciary. This article expounds the basic meaning of criminal discretion of judges, analyses the needs for its existence, putting forward a basic system to limit the judges' criminal discretion reasonably.


Green photoluminescence (PL) was observed from the Si/In/CeO2 on Si substrates at room temperature. Indium was very thinly deposited on CeO2 at 400 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the formation of a cerium hydroxide in the indium-included Si/CeO2 structure. The reacting CeO2 with In became the defective CeO2−x, and then the defective CeO2−x was changed to Ce(OH)4 in poor vacuums and air. The green PL was due to Ce(OH)4. The luminescence disappeared by high-temperature annealing. Another PL peak appeared from the sample annealed at 1000 °C.


The Goddard Radio-Frequency Explorer (GREX) is the latest fast-sampling radiometer digital back-end processor that will be used for radiometry and radio-frequency interference (RFI) surveying at Goddard Space Flight Center. The system is compact and deployable, with a mass of about 40 kilograms. It is intended to be flown on aircraft. GREX is compatible with almost any aircraft, including P-3, twin otter, C-23, C-130, G3, and G5 types. At a minimum, the system can function as a clone of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) ground-based development unit [1], or can be a completely independent system that is interfaced to any radiometer, provided that frequency shifting to GREX's intermediate frequency is performed prior to sampling. If the radiometer RF is less than 200MHz, then the band can be sampled and acquired directly by the system. A key feature of GREX is its ability to simultaneously sample two polarization channels simultaneously at up to 400MSPS, 14-bit resolution each. The sampled signals can be recorded continuously to a 23 TB solid-state RAID storage array. Data captures can be analyzed offline using the supercomputing facilities at Goddard Space Flight Center. In addition, various Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) - amenable radiometer signal processing and RFI detection algorithms can be implemented directly on the GREX system because it includes a high-capacity Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA prototyping system that is user customizable.


—Privacy-constrained source coding problems have become increasingly important recently, and the utility-privacy trade-off has been investigated for various systems. As pioneering work, Yamamoto (1983) found theoretical limits of the coding rate, privacy and utility in two cases; (i) both public and private information is encoded and (ii) only public information is encoded. However, the theoretical limit has not been characterized in a more general case; (iii) encoded messages consist of public information and a part of private information. Then in this paper, we characterize the trade-off relation in case (iii) using rate-distortion theory. The obtained expression of the achievable region is a "unified expression" because it includes the ones in cases (i) and (ii) as special cases. The numerical results also demonstrate that neither case (i) nor (ii) are the best cases, and it is important to select the encoded information adequately in case (iii).


This paper takes individuation ordering of motorcycle as an application example to illustrate consumer individuation product ordering and its system development based on intelligent agents utilizing Java language. The methods of ordering template, content matching, flexible development, interesting value calculation of individuation product ordering are put forward.


Surely these further conditions merely impose a limitation on the position of the point of concurrence. The position of parallelism of the three lines merely corresponds to a particular position of their common point, and should not be excluded from the property of concurrence. Failure to recognise this fleems to strike at the very root of modern ideas of continuity in geometry. The invalidity of the proposed distinction is seen immediately, if we recollect that a simple projection of the three parallel straight lines, for which the concurrence property is invariant, will bring their point of concurrence into an accessible position. Thus the condition {a1bic$} = 0 is surely both necessary and sufficient for concurrence. In any particular case, the solution of two of the equations arx+bry + cr = 0 will give the actual situation (accessible or otherwise) of the common point. L. B. BENNY.


Firstly,the Web Service model framework is introduced in this paper.Then,the application design of the distributed Web Service model based on .NET is discussed.Furthermore,the steps of how to develop the Web service in the .Net is expatiated in detail.And lastly,a discussion on the future development of the Web Service is presented.


Dietary manganese is essential for photoreceptor survival. Dietary deficiency is associated with cone function abnormalities on an electroretinogram, which correspond with impaired renewal of photoreceptor outer segment discs. Elevated serum manganese concentration is associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and excessive environmental exposure is neurotoxic, producing a Parkinson's-like syndrome called 'manganism'. The mean serum manganese concentration is approximately 90nmol l . To our knowledge, the concentration of manganese in the human vitreous has never been reported. Undiluted, fresh vitreous samples were obtained from individuals undergoing macula hole repair or epiretinal membrane peel, as previously described. Using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer ELAN DRC II ICP-MS), vitreous manganese concentrations were measured from 25 samples. The mean vitreous manganese concentration was 110.7nmol l 1 [standard error of the mean=22.4, 95% confidence interval of the mean= (64.46– 156.9), standard deviation=112]. There was no significant difference in manganese concentration between non-diabetics (n=12) and diabetics (n=13; P=0.80). There was no significant difference in manganese concentration between men (n=10) and women (n=15; P=0.87), nor between phakic individuals (n=17) and pseudophakes (n=8; P=0.42). These results provide baseline information about the manganese concentration in the vitreous. The vitreous manganese concentration approximates serum levels in normal and diabetic individuals. To determinewhether vitreous levels are abnormal in individuals with pseudoexfoliation or retinal degenerative disease requires further study.


This study investigates the cost effectiveness of three separate reclamation methods utilized in the long-term establishment of Big Sage (Artemisia tridentata va. wyomingensis). Direct seeding and planting with four cubic inch and ten cubic inch containerized stock were compared using five 36 square meter plots per treatment within a fenced randomized block. Seed plots were hand broadcast at a rate of 2 kilograms per hectare and mulched with certified weed-free wheat straw. Containerized stock plots were planted at a density of one per square meter. Controls with no seeding or planting were established to differentiate actual plant production/reproduction from seed bank recruitment and migration from replaced topsoil and surrounding native areas. Stem density (stem/m{sup 2}), plant height (cm), and plant reproduction (seedlings/m{sup 2}) data will be gathered every spring and fall for three years (1994-1997). Final analysis of the data will relate establishment success to cost efficiency. This initial report on the study reviews only seedling establishment based on first year data.


Large-scale and ubiquitous penetration of wind power generation to power systems necessitates more conservative provision of system reliability by ensuring adequately committed reserve and observance of transmission constraints. In addition, wind power curtailment due to the technical limitations of system operations, such as transmission congestion, should be efficiently mitigated. To this aim, this paper presents a congestion risk-aware unit commitment formulation in a two-settlement market environment. The uncertainty impact of multicorrelated wind power and contingencies on the risk of transmission congestion for each line, called the Line Transfer Margins (LTM), is incorporated using basic statistical data on the nodal wind power forecast and probability of credible line-outages across the system. The LTMs, formulated free of any distributional assumptions, collectively provide a measure for transmission reserves, which effectively mitigate the likelihood of transmission congestion, reserve undeliverability, and wind power curtailment in the real-time economic dispatch. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through comparative case studies on IEEE RTS-96 for various wind power and LTM scenarios.


A heated national debate has developed over whether one type of high-cost predatory lender, commonly known as "payday lenders," are targeting financially vulnerable military families and whether the law protects them from such predation. Writing within the relatively new interdisciplinary "law and geography" movement, this article provides geographic evidence that payday lenders do aggressively target American military personnel, irrespective of most forms of legal regulation. This paper first provides a comprehensive introduction to payday lending business practices and to the financial vulnerability of military personnel. In conducting our empirical research, we examined 20 states, 1,516 counties, 13,253 ZIP codes, nearly 15,000 payday lenders, and 109 military bases. We consistently found high concentrations of payday lending businesses in counties, zip codes, and neighborhoods in close proximity to military bases. Our observations were controlled by comparing payday lender densities in military areas to statewide averages and also by comparing payday lender locations to bank locations. Of the twenty states involved, the only legal strategy which prevented payday lender targeting of military personnel was New York's aggressive enforcement of civil and criminal usury law. Going beyond the debate over predatory lending to military personnel, our research provides a realist check on pure legal reasoning and unfounded faith in current consumer protection rules.


A fractal pyramidal Menger sponge computed by means of an 'Iterated Function System' -IFS- (Une eponge pyramidale de Menger fractale obtenue a l'aide de la methode des 'Iterated Function Systems' -IFS- fractal)


It is examined whether an extrapolation method can presume temperature in faying surface of high density polyethylene round bar because this material is very small heat conductivity and low melting point. As a result of this examination, it is possible that this method is used for measurement of temperature. Therefore, this study have used this method, and the effect of friction welding condition on temperature distribution in faying surface of polyethylene is investigated with a brake type friction welding machine which was built as a trial for polyethylene.The experimental results are as follows;1) When installation location of thermocouple was below 0.5mm interval, the extrapolation method can presume temperature distribution in faying surface.2) When friction pressure was P1=0.10MPa, the temperature distribution in faying surface was almost the same (about 452–497K).3) When friction pressure was P1=0.25MPa, the temperature of middle (about 639K) and outside part (about 646K) was very high in spite of one of center part (about 387K) was low and not melted. Therefore, this temperature distribution was not uniformity.4) The error of installation location of 0.1mm of thermocouple has occurred to measured error of about 5% because axial temperature gradient was steep. Therefore, this material was required sufficient care, when temperature in faying surface was measured by this method.


The invention discloses novel lithographic plate offset printing ink. By means of the ink, negative air ions can be released for a long time, air is purified, and human health is benefited; certain inhibition and killing effects can be achieved on a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi such as staphylococcus, escherichia coli and gram positive bacteria; meanwhile, the ink is fragrant in smell, refreshing and capable of tranquilizing mind and relieving stress, durable fragrance can be left after the ink is used, the health care effects of refreshing mind, restoring consciousness and allying tiredness are achieved, and the ink is applicable to people of all ages and has wide application prospect.


Meningioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Except for the CNS, it can be detected at a rate of 1-2% in the head and neck region. Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPM) are extremely rare. They are detected incidentally as a solitary pulmonary nodule during radiological examinations. On computerized tomography (CT), the lesions are generally seen as a uniform and homogeneous mass. Although they are usually benign and the prognosis is excellent, they may be subject to misdiagnosis and overtreatment. (1-3). Here we have aimed to present a case of primary pulmonary meningioma that appeared as a solitary pulmonary nodule and to discuss its clinical and pathological features.


Suppression of spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos in cardiac tissues described by LuoRudy 91 model are studied.We suggest a control strategy which applys calcium channel agonist to enlarge maximum conductivity of calcium current,and applys potassium channel blocker to reduce maximum conductivity of potassium current,for suppression of spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos.It shows that the method can effectively suppress spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos even if there exist defects without function of diffusion in a medium.The control mechanism is analyzed.


This papser assesses labour markets and unemployment in Slovakia over the period 1994-2004. To interpret labor markets´ performance and design effecitve government policies, the economic literature drew on practical tools of analysis, such as Beveridge´s curve and the Okun Law. Using two approaches as well as regression analysis to test for cyclical responsiveness of unemployment in Slovakia, the paper detects unemployment in the policy restructuring of the economy rather than in economic cycles.


At the beginning of Ming dynasty, in order to solidify the imperial power and draw in the people with great exploits, Zhu Yuanzhang the emperor established the Tie Quan System, which was the most complete one in Chinese history. The function of Tie Quan changed as the times and the will of emperors changed. The Tie Quan System reflected from an aspect the imperial politics of Ming dynasty.


Photovoltaic power (PV) generation is considered as a renewable energy technology. Due to the nonlinear behav-ior of photovoltaic modules, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is essential for high-efficiency photovoltaic systems. Although traditional MPPT technologies are simple to implement, they should use trial and error to tune their control parameters, which is the result of unsatisfactory performance in a changing environment. Different from the traditional MPPT technology, the MPPT based on reinforcement learning (RL-MPPT) method has self-learning ability and better applicability in the changing environment. However, the state space size of the method greatly affects the tracking ability. Therefore, this paper compares the tracking performance of the three state spaces through the results of simulation and experiment under En50530 test procedure.


The presented study presents one numerical evaluation of the effect of the initial geometric imperfections and of the residual stresses on the strength of compressed elements composed by rolled profiles H, accepting the bending around the main axis of inertia. The numerical analysis through the Method of the Finite Elements is carried on, using the software ANSYS 10.0. The numerical model was built in finite element of shell (SHELL181) with initial imperfection equal to L/1000 and one diagram stress-deformation gotten through one theoretical standard of distribution of residual stresses. The numerical results was treated in order to having one curve of buckling referred to the average of normal reduced force , , to each one of the main axis of inertia , when it has been considered the index of reduced thinness, l , in the correspondent range to 0,2 l 2,4. The obtained buckling curves are used to verify if the recommendations of the standard NBR 8800/86 and of the Eurocode 3 (2002) have been applicable to the rolled profiles H (GERDAU-ACOMINAS) produced in Brazil.


Asynchronous microgrid (ASMG) with a power conditioning system (PCS) is a promising solution for future microgrids (MGs). High voltage (HV, >3.3 kV) SiC device-based PCS is becoming more and more popular in the ASMG PCS implementation. PCS with HV SiC MOSFETs can realize higher control frequencies with lower losses to bring numerous system-level benefits, which have not been fully investigated in the existing literature. In this paper, the active power filtering (APF) capability of the HV SiC-based PCS for both grid and MG power quality improvement is discussed and demonstrated. A harmonic impedance-based APF algorithm is proposed for MG-side PCS. The PCS APF functions are demonstrated on a 10 kV SiC MOSFET-based PCS prototype with the modular multi-level converter (MMC) topology to 19th-order harmonic currents.