In the thermal infrared spectral region,the radiometric temperature of fiat non-isothermal mixed pixel varies with the wavelength if we assumed that its emissivity can be represented by r-emissivity.The typical flat non-isothermal mixed pixel composed of soil and vegetation is taken as an example,analyzing the non-isothermal effects on the radiometric temperature of the pixel,and giving a possible method to present the variation of radiometric temperature change.In order to validate the method,simulated hyper spectral thermal infrared dataset is generated.The validation results show that the method can characterize the change of flat non-isothermal mixed pixel with wavelength well and improve the inversion precision of r-emissivity of flat non-isothermal mixed pixel.


The paper presents summary results for the updated data set, with country-by-country
details provided in Appendix I. In terms of broad country groups, the results of the data
update are broadly consistent with trends observed in previous updates. The aggregate
share of Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDCs) increased by 0.3 pp, to
50.0 percent, following a small decline in the EMDCs' share recorded in the 2018 data
update. The rising EMDC share reflected again foremost an increase for Asia. Most
advanced economies recorded a small decrease in their calculated quota share using
the current quota formula.


The electronically controlled gasoline injection can improve the engine performance effectively, especially for the engine of the mini-unmanned air vehicle(Mini-UAV), which can realize the real-time of control of all the engine parameters during the process of flying and make the engine performance go up to a new stage and furthermore promote the development of UAV technology. Based on experiment research, the paper introduces the initial results of the application research on petrol spurt controlled electronically to the UAV′s engine, and then analyzes how the gasoline injection controlled electronically improves the engine performance and also emphasizes its importance of the application to the Mini-UAV′s Engine.


Abstract:This textual analysis focuses on the portrayal of female journalists on the Amazon series Good Girls Revolt. The fictional show loosely follows real events that led to female staffers at Newsweek suing the magazine for gender discrimination in the 1970s. In contrast to many contemporary television series and films, the women of Good Girls Revolt generally are depicted positively. They are behind-the-scenes heroes who possess journalistic intangibles lacking in their male counterparts, who treat them in demeaning and dehumanizing ways. The researchers then explore the ethical implications of these portrayals through the lens of social responsibility theory.


This paper proposes a computationally universal two-dimensional square-lattice asynchronous cellular automaton, in which cells have merely two states. The transition rule of a cell is specified by the pattern of the cells or its rotation-symmetric or reflection-symmetric rules included in distances 1 and 2 Moore neighborhood, which does not include its own cell (inner-independent). In a former model, we defined only the rules where the neighboring patterns are taken into account in computation. In the current model, the transition rule is an open rule, which is defined completely in terms of updating 0 or 1. Universality of the model is proven through the construction of a glider and three circuit primitives on the cell space, which are universal for the class of Delay-Insensitive circuits. Correct operation of the circuit is proven through a validity check algorithm which checks all generated patterns from an initial configuration to a final configuration of the operation. As a result, the number of rules to update to 1 is found to be 1618, not including the rotation-symmetric and reflection-symmetric versions of the rules. We show how to determine the open rules of the model, and how to define the energy function to obtain an energy evolution during the operation of the circuit.


Abstract Arsenic (As) is a global public health and environmental problem because of its non-degradable and toxic nature. This study was carried out to assess the As contamination and potential health risk through water intake in rural and urban areas. Water samples were collected from urban and rural areas of Kahror Pacca, Punjab, Pakistan, and then, analyzed for As concentration. The concentrations of As in water samples were 1.62 − 35.28 and 3.23 − 45.62 μg/L for the rural and urban areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of As-rich shallow groundwater specifies their direct contamination through anthropogenic influence and agricultural practices. The chronic risk exposure was evaluated based on the determined As through hazard quotient, average daily dose, and cancer risk. Results disclosed that hazard quotient values were > 1 in studied drinking water samples. The cancer risk due to As consumption surpassed the threshold limits defined by the United States environmental protection agency (1.0E-04 to 1.0E06). Statistical analyses, including principal component analyses and Pearson correlation, suggested that As contamination in drinking water was imputed to both geogenic and anthropogenic reasons. It is revealed that intake of As contaminated water might result in various cancer problems to the community in the future. Research Highlights Arsenic concentration surpassed WHO drinking water guidelines Arsenic has hazard quotient values > 1 through electric pump water consumption Statistical analysis revealed geogenic and anthropogenic activities contributed to water contamination


Recent success of deep learning models for the task of extractive Question Answering (QA) is hinged on the availability of large annotated corpora. However, large domain specific annotated corpora are limited and expensive to construct. In this work, we envision a system where the end user specifies a set of base documents and only a few labelled examples. Our system exploits the document structure to create cloze-style questions from these base documents; pre-trains a powerful neural network on the cloze style questions; and further fine-tunes the model on the labeled examples. We evaluate our proposed system across three diverse datasets from different domains, and find it to be highly effective with very little labeled data. We attain more than 50% F1 score on SQuAD and TriviaQA with less than a thousand labelled examples. We are also releasing a set of 3.2M cloze-style questions for practitioners to use while building QA systems.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the therapies and clinical outcome for different types of odontoid process fracture.

METHODS
Twenty-one patients with odontoid process fracture were treated with different therapies for different Anderson-D'Alonzo classifications: three cases of type I were treated by traction of occipital-jaw band and fixed with head-neck-chest plaster at 6 weeks; thirteen cases of type II were treated by cannulated screws following skull traction and reduction; and for the cases of type III, one was fixed with screw when the fracture was reduced by skull traction, and four with atlantoaxial pedicle screw.

RESULTS
All cases were followed up for a mean of 9 months (range: 3 - 48). All cases achieved bony union. No post-operative complication was found.

CONCLUSION
Odontoid process fracture should be treated according to different types. Conservative treatment for type I fracture and cannulated screws for type II and low type III fracture can obtain a satisfactory outcome. Atlantoaxial pedicle screw should be chosen if the superficial type III fracture is not suitable for cannulated screw.


Effects of body weight(1.022±0.821,0.557±0.266 and 0.303±0.277)and salinity(S: 13,18,23,28,and 33) on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of Mactra chinensis Philippi were studied by means of experimental ecology methods at water temperature 18℃.The results showed that(1) Individual size and salinity had significant effected on oxygen consumption rate(P0.01),and interaction of the both factors had significant effected on oxygen consumption rate(O)(P0.05).The relationship between O and dry weight of soft tissue(W) can be represented by the allometric equation R0=aW-b,where a ranges from 0.695 to 1.762,with mean of 1.449,and b ranges from 0.446 to 0.587,with mean of 0.542.(2) Individual size and salinity had significant effected on ammonia excretion rate(N)(P0.01);ammonia excretion rate decreases as the increase of body size and there is a negative exponential regressive function RN=a0W-b0.(3) The relationships of O and N with W and S can be described by the following linear regression equations: RO =2.111-1.817W+0.49S(R2=0.546,F=34.294,P0.001);RN=168.186-120.589W+1.734S(R2=0.561,F=36.418,P0.001).


To determine its molecular identity and biochemical functions, Xenopus hatching enzyme was purified and assayed biochemically,and its cDNA was cloned and analyzed in this study.UVS.2 has been known as a cloned cDNA expressed selectively in the hatching gland cells of Xenopus laevis .Its transcripts first appeared at stage 17,increased in amount and intensity to stage 30 34,and then decreased gradually thereafter.With UVS.2 as a probe,a 1802bp insert(designated xhe ) was cloned from a cDNA library from the dorsoanterior portion of stage 25 embryos.It contains an open reading frame encoding 514 amino acids including both signal and propeptide sequences.The predicted mature enzyme comprising 425 amino acids consists of about 200 amino acid long metalloprotease sequence of astacin family at the N terminus,followed by two 110 amino acid long repeats of CUB domain at the C terminus.We conclude that UVS.2 represents only an approximately 3/4 C terminal portion of xhe .It was determined that HE has a molecular weight of 60kDa,and is a trypsin type metalloprotease.It was very unstable and digested easily into 40kDa molecules.Sixty kDa molecules had a high VE solubilizing activity and proteolytic activity.Probably the CUB repeats play an important role in mediating the VE and 40kDa molucule.Forty kDa molecules represent only the main metalloprotease domain of 60kDa molecules,with the two CUB repeats lost during purification.Therefore,40kDa molucules had no VE solubilizing activity,even it still had high proteolytic activity.


Aiming at the problem that the speed control accuracy of permanent magnet synchronous motors is easily affected by uncertain factors such as load moment of inertia, external disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, etc., a data-driven speed control method is proposed. This method firstly uses the least square method to identify the precise mathematical model of the system based on the input and output data of the controlled system in real time. Then, in order to reduce the difficulty of the controller parameter tuning, a method of numerically optimizing the controller parameters is proposed. We can use this method and the precise model of the system obtained in the previous step to tune the controller parameters. Through MATLAB simulation software and experimental platform, the speed control method proposed in this paper is compared with the PI control method. From the simulation and experimental results, it can be seen that the control method proposed in this paper can effectively adapt to the time-varying problem of the controlled model. After the load moment of inertia is increased by 20 times from initial value, the overshoot of the original PI control method increases at 14.8%, the adjustment time increases to 1 second. Using the control method in this paper, the overshoot can be controlled at 3% and the adjustment time can be controlled at 0.1 second.


A field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2005 and 2006 at CSWRl, Avikanagar (Rajasthan) under transfer of technology project in Ghotiroad Malpura, to find out the production potential of 3 sorghum genotypes ("SSG 1000", "SSG 117" and "SSG 887"). Observations on growth parameters, green fodder and dry matter production indicated that maximum was increased in "SSG887, genotype compared to SSGI000" and "SSG 117" genotypes. However, "SSG887" genotype gave the maximum biomass production (330.22 and 333.08 q/ha) than that of other genotypes. Similarly application of zinc had significant effect on growth and green fodder yield of new genotypes of forage sorghum and these were increased constantly with each successive level of zinc from 0 to 20 kg/ha. But both the levels of zinc 10 and 20 kg/ha were found significantly superior over to no zinc applied in term of higher plant height, more number of leaves/plant, nodes/plant, dry matter production/plant and green forage yield during both the years. Besides, bacterial seed inoculation (Azospirillum) caused significant increased in green fodder and dry matter yield and all growth attributes of forage sorghum.


The Cutting Edge features news relevant to anthropologists and anthropological practice. In addition to material provided by Special AN Correspondents, submissions from the membership at large are welcomed for consideration. Please send short articles (500-700 wordr) to the Anthropology Newsletter Editor, 4350 N Fairfar Dr, Suite 640, Arlington, VA 22203; 7031528I902 ext 3005; f a r 70315283.546 (double-spaced copy only); susi@ aaa.mhs.compuserve. com.


An organoid-based model promises to improve our understanding of bile duct disorders The bile ducts form a network of tubes within the liver and transfer bile produced in the liver to the bowel. In biliary disorders, this transport system fails, leading to the accumulation of toxic bile in the liver, damage, and permanent scarring (cirrhosis), which can ultimately be treated only through liver transplantation. Indeed, bile duct diseases (cholangiopathies) are the leading disorder treated (70%) by pediatric liver transplantation and account for a third of adult transplanted livers.


ABSTRACT
NUR SHINTA RAMADHANI, The Analysis of raw material inventory civet coffee in Banguntapan Mataram, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Guided by JUARINI and HENI HANDRI UTAMI. This study aimed to analyze the amount of raw material ordering Mataram civet coffee companies in order to achieve optimum number of reservations and to analyze the effect of raw materials, the amount of usage of raw materials, the lead time at Mataram civet coffee company. The research method used is descriptive method. kinds of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data sources obtained from Mataram civet coffee companies, libraries, institutions, and internet. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, literature and recording. To in this research, determine the optimum amount of raw materials to be ordered, so that the costs can be minimized use EOQ method; to determine the factors that affect the supply of raw materials at Mataram civet coffee companies use EOQ method and using a multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis showed that the order optimum number of raw materials as much as 636,15 kg/month greater than the real reservations that have been by the company, with a total of the raw material 583,33 kg/month. Factor in the price of raw materials, the amount of raw materials, and the lead time affect the supply of raw materials.
Keywords: Inventories of raw materials, price, quantity, lead time, civet coffee


hanks to advanced scaling techniques over the past 20 years, device performance and operating speeds have skyrocketed. Clock frequencies already exceed 200 MHz in submicron RISC microprocessors. As the minimum feature size has continued to scale down to submicron proportions. however. minimum interconnect line widths and spacings have, of necessity, followed. As a result, interconnect performance has become a limiting factor impinging on circuit performance. The RC delay of lines increase, and tend to limit the length of global routing. Crosstalk becomes a problem, and limits the scaling of metal pitches. The current densities also increase. approaching the electromigration limit. Ultimately, this class of performance bottlenecks transcend good 'circuit design. Clearly, improving interconnect performance is the key to reducing and controlling degradation within acceptable levels. Technology in memories, for example, has proceeded to the point where a new generation of SRAMs are expected every 2-3 years [ I ] . Their capacity will be in the


A completely effective element method is given and it is used to establish the unified mathematics model for a type of spatial linkage configuration problem.A synthetic elimination method is also put forward and it is used to determine all the configuration of mechanism. The calculation of many examples proves that the theory of this paper is correct,the method is practical and novel and the running of the program is reliable.


system t h a t can do u s e f u l work i n an u n c e r t a i n environment. i s produced by a s e t o f a c t u a t o r s and s e w 0 c o n t r o l s which p o s i t i o n , move, and e x e r t f o r c e s on arms, hands, t o o l s , v e h i c l e s , and sensor p l a t f o r m s. A n i n t e l l i g e n t machine system may have tens, hundreds, o r even thousands o f a c t u a t o r s , a l l coordinated i n o r d e r t o accomplish a g o a l o r t a s k. 2. SENSORS-Input i s through a s e t o f sensors such as vision, t a c t i l e , f o r c e , torque, p o s i t i o n , distance, v i b r a t i o n , a c o u s t i c , and t e m p e r a t u r e measuring devices t h a t m o n i t o r b o t h t h e s t a t e o f t h e e x t e r n a l w o r l d and t h e i n t e r n a l s t a t e o f t h e i n t e l l i g e n t machine system. A n i n t e l l i g e n t t a s k decomposition system has t h e a b i l i t y t o f o r m u l a t e o r s e l e c t e f f e c t i v e plans o f a c t i o n and s e t p r i o r i t i e …


Based on the kinematic relationship between the missile and target,a 3-dimensional model for missile interception was formulated in three-dimension space.Using measuring information and applying adaptive method,a new nonlinear guidance law was derived aiming at interception of non-maneuvering and maneuvering targets.The correctness of the guidance law was strictly proved by using Barbalat lemma and Lyapunov theory.The intercept guidance law can achieve global ultimate boundedness.Compared with the previous results,the proposed one is smooth and can be easily implemented,and avoids chattering which resulted from variable structure control law.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.


Two draft documents, "Background Paper for a Post-Kyoto Transport Strategy" and "Draft Strategy for Transport in Canada for the post-Kyoto Transport Period", elaborate two scenarios and a basic objective to provide continuing discussion on how transportation in Canada can be moved towards sustainability. The documents set out and justify scenarios for 2010 and a target for 2025 and identify actions required; the scenarios and target are defined in terms of emissions reduction. The objective of the paper is to provide brief presentation along with some critical comments of the documents.


This research is aimed to increase the income of pavement (PK5) in Pantai Losari Makassar. The method or type of this study is the population or target survey that is the tourists and experts on the beach losari losari, each of 20 people. Techniques of writing data through questionnaires, interviews and materials as a supporter. Data analysis was done by using simple linear regression analysis.Working hypothesis: Release and train have a significant effect on increasing the income of the street vendors in losari beach. The result of analysis based on result of simple linear regression analysis obtained y = 5,787 + 0,910x. And by partial test or partial determination coefficient (r2). To increase the income of PK5 beach losari makassar by 0,522. Through F test obtained Fcount of 19.690 which means for income increase PK5, and simultaneously (r2) is equal to 52,27%. This means that the increase of PK5 in coastal losari makassar is 68.8% by tourists and 47.72% by other factors that are not in the analysis.


Results of measurements and calculations are presented for a spatially rectangular electron beam propagation in a direction perpendicular to the axis through a cylindrical laser cell filled with either nitrogen at pressures up to 5 atm or SF{sub 6} at pressures up to 4 atm. For nitrogen pressures up to 5 atm the electron beam traversed the 25-cm diameter laser chamber without significant spreading. The measured current neutralization was about 90% for SF{sub 6} pressures up to 2 atm. At SF{sub 6} pressures greater than 3 atm the electrons experience severe scattering and most of the energy reached the cell wall at locations with angles larger than 90{degree} with respect to the original beam direction. The most uniform electron-beam energy deposition was observed at an SF{sub 6} pressure of 3 atm where 44% of the beam energy was deposited in the gas. Photographic observations of a 30 cm {times} 100 cm rectangular beam propagating in atmospheric air are also presented. These observations illustrate the effect of an applied axial magnetic field on electron-beam uniformity and rotation. Observations lead to suggestions for improving electron-beam transport efficiency and uniformity.


The ethnic political mobilizations, which were originally led by the non-titular nations of the Soviet republics, traced different paths at their latter phase, after the collapse of the USSR in particular; the emerging of de facto independent states inside de jure newly-established states (Moldova and Georgia), the political reconciliation by forming autonomy (Moldova and Ukraine), the uprising of the inter-state war (Azerbaijan and Armenia), and the ethnic tension toward improvement of minority rights (Lithuania and Estonia). The four casestudies presented in this paper demonstrate that rich material and immaterial resources increased the sustainability of ethnic political mobilization. The sustainability was an important factor in achieving de facto independent states after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This paper emphasizes that these material and immaterial resources were not valid for the mobilization until the appearance of political opportunity and political will for collective action by social political organizations. The political mobilization in Transnistria not had only rich resources, but strong political will among associates toward regional independence. The political actors discovered the resources, supplied the resources to the participants of collective action, motivated them toward political activity and increased the potentiality of immaterial resources.


Maintenance of spatial data with photointerpretation is very demanding in terms of time and
personnel, therefore tendencies of data owners for the automation of this process are very
high. Despite extensive research on automatic extraction of spatial data, these methods are
still not in practical use.
In the thesis, I examined the possibility of using object-based image analysis for extraction of
the built-up areas with remote sensing data. An analysis of the impact of spatial, spectral and
temporal resolution, image filtering and transformation on the quality of object-based image
analysis, has been carried out. Based on the results of the analysis the optimal resolution
and image pre-processing has been proposed. An overview of buildings, topography, land
cover and land use spatial databases in Slovenia is given. The possibility of introducing
automated processes in the maintenance process of specific spatial data has been
assessed. Object based image analysis has been used for extraction of buildings contours
and other built-up areas. This single data layer of buildings and other built-up areas is used
for change detection in comparison to registered data in different databases. Completeness
of detected changes is very high (more than 80%). The major advantage of proposed
automated change detection in the spatial data maintenance process is that the
automatically identified changes direct the operator to capture only data on the areas where
change exists and so significantly reduces the amount of work.


A computer program was written which incorporates parameters of horsepower, turbine RPM, turbine center line distances, propeller RPM, pinion (L/D) ratio and "K" factor. Tooth bending and contact stresses are also computed for which additional inputs of pressure angle, helix angle and transverse diametral pitch are used. The output includes gear size and weight. For a two turbine input double reduction gear design, the program makes a geometrical check to insure that the first reduction gears fit in the upper half of the casing, and the turbine center line distances are taken into account to avoid any overlapping of gears at the vertical center line. Examples are shown for single, double, and triple reduction gear designs, and also a combined diesel and gas turbine (CODAG) design. Weight and overall length comparisons are shown for various designs as well as the effect of varying individual parameters.


In this paper, a differential-difference KdV equation is considered. We present two Backlund transformations and corresponding nonlinear superposition formulae for it. As an application of the obtained results, N-soliton solutions first obtained by Ohta and Hirota are rederived. Furthermore, a sequence of rational solutions are also obtained. Thus the integrability of the differential-difference KdV equation is further confirmed.


Emergence experiments were conducted on 32 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars at a 2.5-cm depth in Guelph loam soil at 10, 20 and 30 C. Differences in emergence were found among cultivars at 10 C but not at 20 and 30 C. Results of the emergence experiment at 10 C permitted classification of cultivars into cold tolerant, intermediate and intolerant groupings. There was no close relationship between maturity group and degree of cold tolerance. Differences in speed of germination were found among cultivars at 10 C. A correlation coefficient (r = +0.616) between germination and emergence indicates that germination at 10 C would be effective in the selection of cold tolerant types. Growth analysis studies on seedlings up to the unifoliolate leaf stage showed that cold tolerant cultivars had a higher fresh weight at a specific age at 10 C. This was attributed to the faster emergence of the cold tolerant cultivars.


During wine production, a large amount of waste (grape pomace) is generated, corresponding to about 31.7 kg per 100 L produced. This material is considered a rich source of bioactive compounds and therefore is of interest to several industries. However, grape pomace is susceptible to microbial degradation due to its high moisture content; thus, drying is frequently considered to be an essential process for grape pomace conservation and stabilization. Drying allows for a better conservation, easier storage due to the lower volume and improves product stability. However, drying conditions such as temperature and time may affect grape pomace bioactive potential. As drying requires a high energy consumption, an alternative for reducing the energy costs is the use of intermittent operation—i.e., operating with transient inputs of air conditions, such as the supply temperature. Intermittent drying, in addition to promoting lower energy consumption, also enables less damage to heat-sensitive materials. Thus, in the present work modeling of the drying process of grape skins from red wine grape pomace was performed at temperatures of 40, 55 and 70 °C, for drying in both the conventional and in the intermittent modes with tempering periods of 5 and 10 min. Moreover, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH and reducing power assays) were determined by spectrophotometric methods before and after the drying process at the proposed conditions. Modeling results for conventional operation showed that, among the eight models tested for the conventional drying, the one that best suited the experimental data was the approximation of diffusion model. For the intermittent drying operation, equations were deduced based on mass and energy balance that led to a fit with a maximum global deviation of 10% in comparison to experimental data. After extracting the same amount of sample (fresh and after different drying processes) with hydroethanolic solution (80%, v/v), results expressed in dry basis of grape pomace samples showed that conventional drying had the highest impact on lowering the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Among the drying conditions assayed, the one that allowed the highest amounts of bioactive compounds to be maintained was the 5 min tempering period performed at 40 °C, corresponding to losses of 20.6% and 14.5% for total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, respectively, when compared to the grape pomace sample before drying (162 mg gallic acid equivalents/g pomace, dry weight and 82 mg catechin equivalents/g pomace, d.w.). The present work showed that intermittent drying can provide grape pomace samples with higher contents of bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant activity when compared to conventional drying performed at the same temperature. Moreover, it provided information regarding the application of mathematical modeling to grape pomace drying, showing that these models can be applied to drying optimization studies.


Infrared target detection techniques have been widely used in infrared alarming and reconnaissance, and the detection task is often done by machine learning. Feature extraction and classification algorithm are two core components of the machine learning. The selection of features and algorithm have a determinative effect on the detection result. Traditional target classification techniques only focus on only limited combinations of features and classification algorithm, which may result in a poor detection result. Based on this, this paper selects the gray features, statistical features, frequency domain features, and graphic features of the infrared target, and compares the three classification algorithms of KNN, Bayes, and SVM to give the optimal combination of features and classification algorithms by experiment.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a plan to cultivate writing ability that establishes the principle of prescriptive grammar education and applies it to text reading and writing. The principles of prescriptive grammar education should be the process of discovering learners' own grammar, learning the system and structure of grammar, reflecting its principles in other language forms, and understanding and expanding the validity of the criteria involved in the macroscopic interpretation framework. Applying the prescriptive grammar education principle to liberal arts writing classes means that these three principles are consistently applied to the acceptance and production of text. Throughout the writing class, learners check their language skills and strategic skills, read the longitudinal and lateral hierarchies between the language items that make up their thoughts, and carry out the meta-cognitive strategy process by thinking for the possibility of expanding the validity of self-interpretation


Once relatively fine sediment is entrained into water on the ocean floor of the continental shelf or the continental slope, water near the ocean floor increases its density due to the entrained sediment, and starts to flow in the downslope direction. This density flow is called a turbidity current in particular. A turbidity current has unimaginably high capabilities for erosion of the bed and sediment transport, and therefore, it is one of the major agents for the formation of submarine morphology such as submarine canyons and bedforms. As turbidity currents transport not only sediment also a large amount of organic matters originated in the continental areas to the deep ocean floor, they are one of the most essential processes for the generation of petroleum and methane hydrate. In addition, turbidity currents cause destructive damages on submarine infrastructure such as submarine cables. Therefore, study on turbidity currents is important from view points of the maintenance of submarine infrastructure.


Individual investors face a daunting challenge. They must select a portfolio of securities comprised of a manageable number of individual stocks, bonds and/or mutual funds. An investor might initiate their portfolio selection process by choosing the number of unique securities to hold in their portfolio. This is both a practical matter and a matter of risk management. It is practical because there are tens of thousands of actively traded securities from which to choose, and it is impractical for an individual investor to own every available security. It is also a risk management measure because investible securities bring with them the potential of financial loss – to the point of becoming valueless in some cases. Increasing the number of securities in a portfolio decreases the probability that an investor will suffer drastically from corporate bankruptcy, for instance. However, holding too many securities in a portfolio can restrict performance. After deciding the number of securities to hold, the investor must determine which securities they will include in their portfolio and what proportion of available cash they will allocate to each security. Once their portfolio is constructed, the investor must manage the portfolio over time. This generally entails periodically reassessing the proportion of each security to maintain as time advances, but may also involve the elimination of some securities and the initiation of positions in new securities. This paper introduces an analytically driven method for portfolio security selection based on minimizing the mean correlation of returns across the portfolio. It also introduces a method for determining the proportion of each security that should be maintained within the portfolio. The methods for portfolio selection and security weighting described herein work in conjunction to maximize expected portfolio return, while minimizing the probability of loss over time. This involves a re-visioning of Nobel Laureate Harry Markowitz's prizewinning concept known as the "Efficient Frontier". Resultant portfolios are assessed via Monte Carlo simulation and results are compared to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, which has a well-establish history of beating the Standard & Poor's 500 Index over a long period. To those familiar with Dr. Markowitz's Modern Portfolio Theory this paper may appear simply as a repackaging of old ideas. It is not.


In 3D visualization of terrain, occlusion has detrimental impact on discovering, accessing, and spatially relating embedded data. This can lead to significant loss of information. To address this issue, we present visibility widgets: compact auxiliary views that visualize occluded data, their locations, and related properties, and thus, support users in revealing hidden information. Our widgets comprise different occlusion management strategies for detecting and analyzing invisible data inside as well as outside of the field of view. In addition, each widget is designed complementary and transient to facilitate interactive exploration and navigation while not monopolizing the user's attention. We demonstrate the application of our visibility widgets in a flexible visualization tool, focusing on visual exploration of hazardous weather phenomena in 3D terrain.


Significance: Nitriles serve an important role in many chemical compounds ranging from pharmaceuticals to organic electronic materials. In the development of new n-type semiconducting organic materials easy access to nitrile-containing starting materials is vital. In this paper, the authors report a novel method for the synthesis of nitriles from alcohols using mild reaction conditions. The methodology utilizes cheap, commercially available reagents, CuI, bipyridine, TEMPO, oxygen and aliphatic or aromatic alcohols. Comment: The authors describe a novel protocol for the conversion of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols into the corresponding nitriles utilizing mild reaction conditions. The double aerobic dehydrogenation proceeds under mild conditions for aromatic alcohols in ethanol at room temperature, while aliphatic alcohols require the use of acetonitrile at 50 °C. The protocol has a broad functional group tolerance and produces the desired nitriles in high to excellent yields. N H H


Combining with the analyses of environment differences and city features, the city formation features of Jinan in modem times are introduced in this paper. it is pointed out that one should protect the history of city and treat the effects of alien cultures with correct architecture viewpoint.


Background: Accurate estimated fetal weight (EFW) is crucial in determining delivery management. Several methods to estimate fetal weight were used such as abdominal palpation, measurement of symphisis fundal height (SFH), and ultrasound examination. Risanto's formula based on Indonesian population had been already proven to be more accurate than Johnson's formula. The formula was as follows: Y = 125 X - 880 where Y was EFW in grams, X was SFH in cm, and 125 was the constanta. Objective: To compare the accuracy of Risanto's formula and ultrasound examination in estimating fetal weight. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Sardjito hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada, from March 2013 to March 2014. A total of 400 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria at 37 – 42 weeks of gestation were recruited. The estimated fetal weight using Risanto's formula (R_EFW) was compared to the estimated fetal weight using ultrasound measurement (U_EFW). The U_EFW was done by obstetricians on duty or senior residents using Hadlock's formula. Actual birth weight (ABW) was measured using the same calibrated baby scale. Accuracy was determined by comparing the mean difference between the R_EFW minus ABW (ΔR_EFW) and the U_EFW minus ABW (ΔU_EFW). Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result and Discussion: The mean ABW was 3025.3 ± 414.6 gram and the mean R_EFW was 2972.7 ± 365.4 grams, while the mean U_EFW was 3058.7 ± 423.2 grams. The mean ΔR_EFW was lower than the mean ΔU_EFW (178.2 ± 147.6 grams vs 197.5 ± 155.4 grams; 95% CI 1.24 – 36.68; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Risanto's formula was more accurate than ultrasound measurement in estimating fetal weight. Keywords: Estimated fetal weight, Risanto's formula, Ultrasonography, Fundal height


Type : Poster Presentation No. : PGN 021 Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and small bowel ulcer bleeding with histologic confirmation in Microscopic polyangiitis Woo Youn Eom, Inwhee Park, HyoJin Yun, JongCheol Jeong, Gyu-Tae Shin, Heungsoo Kim Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ajou University Hospital, Korea, Republic of Case Study: Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is an uncommon systemic small vessel vasculitis. Its characteristic histology shows a necrotizing small vessel vasculitis with little or absent immune deposits (pauci-immune vasculitis). The two organs most typically involved and often defining prognosis are the kidneys and the lungs. MPA may concomitantly or sequentially involve other organs such as the nervous system, the skin, the musculoskeletal system, but also the heart, the eye and the intestines. The most frequent GI symptoms in MPA is abdominal pain of an ischemic nature. However small bowel ulcer bleeding is rare. Furthermore, small bowel histological confirmation of vasculitis is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of MPA with massive hematochezia complicated with vasculitis-associated small bowel ulcer bleeding with histological confirmation of vasculitis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), and hemoptysis and pneumonia with known bronchiectasis with history of old pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was treated using low dose prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, the patient remains hemodialysis dependent, however extra renal involvement was recovered. At a follow-up visit 3 months after presentation, he reported no recurrence, and he is receiving renal-replacement therapy figure 1 : Light microscopy kidney biopsy findings (H&E stain) figure 2 : small bowel biopsy findings


At the edge of the manufacturing of crude-oil distillates into refined final products, the production scheduling and primary distribution gap can be reduced by optimizing production rundown switches of dispositions of distillates in a mixed-integer linear model (MILP) considering discrete time-steps of days, shifts or hours for a delivery horizon of weeks or months. From the process network down to the product distribution side, there are definitions on the assignments, allocations and amounts of distillates to be dispatched downstream. Other challenges involve logistics and quality aspects in further processshops and blend-shops considering diverse tank farms and various transport modes for the distribution. However, such integration of the refining process and tank storage systems can become intractable for industrial-sized problems with complex scheduling configurations considering time-varying rundown supply rates, product demands and pricing. For this, we propose to model the dispositions of distillates using unit-operations as modes of transportation from the distillation sources to the tanks of process-shops and blend-shops for downstream processing and blending before the primary distribution. Additionally, by solving with pooling (groups of tanks) first then post-solve to depool by disaggregating the pooled solution, the determination of the distillate dispositions to tank assignments is facilitated given that scaling to industrial-sized cases without tank aggregation is complicated as highlighted in the examples. Better prediction of the operations scheduling by using small discrete time-steps within a planning horizon allows opportunities for exploring the contract and spot market plays of the finished products.


(57) [summary] [purpose], for example, printing machines and other paper, the air is subjected to the take-up of such as a synthetic resin film - in the shaft, such as shaft, it is housed in the interior of the hollow cylinder made from fiber strength plastic when maintenance of the drive mechanism, metal Ja as desired from both ends of the cylindrical inner tube - proposes a shaft that can remove the null section. At both ends of the hollow cylinder consisting of [Configuration] fiber-reinforced plastic, metal Ja - null section is detachably attached, the metal Ja - the hollow cylinder through the blanking material - null section is metallic Sri while that is mounted, each metal Ja - are those in which a is suppressed in the null section stop.


In this work we present Low-rank Deconvolution, a powerful framework for low-level feature-map learning for efficient signal representation with application to signal recovery. Its formulation in multi-linear algebra inherits properties from convolutional sparse coding and low-rank approximation methods as in this setting signals are decomposed in a set of filters convolved with a set of low-rank tensors. We show its advantages by learning compressed video representations and solving image in-painting problems.


By sending a probe wave by the detection unit (11) and receives the object (50) the reflected wave, the reflected wave acquired based on the position detection information as a first object, to thereby detect the detection object in the detection range of the object in memory means (13), comprising: obtaining an image acquisition unit based on the position captured by the imaging unit (12) to the detection range of the image information of the second object detection information; determination area setting judgment area set in the detection range fixed unit; and a memory area is determined in a case where the first information and the second detection information is detected, the determination unit determines the position of the object based on the information of the position of the first object detection.


Transformers are normally designed to operate efficiently in rated conditions under perfect sinusoidal loads. Supplying non-sinusoidal load leads to harmonic components and degrades performance of transformers from several aspects such as higher losses, temperature increment and insulation challenges, reduction of useful lifetime of transformer and undesirable neutral currents. From the customer point of view, distribution companies are committed to deliver electricity with standard power quality to end-users. Therefore, a general overview of harmonic conditions is mandatory in distribution companies. In this paper, an analytical overview of total harmonic distortion is presented based on provided data from smart meters. The impacts of THD is then examined on transformer derating. This investigation is performed for different areas under various loading conditions.


Substantial advances being made in the pathogenesis of psoriasis these years,especially in the molecular and immunologic basis,had led to new agents that target these specific steps.This review was intend to introduce the new therapeutic approach that was mainly classified as T cell inhibitors and anti-cytokine agents in the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.Besides the satisfied short-term efficacy,the long-term efficacy and safety of these agents should be further studied to improve rational administration for the dermatologists.


Cenozoic structural evolution of the PANCARDI region: inferences from paleostress data and finite element stress modelling Gabor Badat, Laszl6 Fodorl, Laszl6 Csontos2, Sierd A.P.L. Cloetingh3 & Frank Horvath4 IDeptartment of Applied and Environmental Geology, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary 2Deptartment of Geology, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary 3Institute of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Deptartment of Geophysics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary During the past decade large amount of paleostress data have been collected in the P ANCARDI region to arrive at a better understanding of its Cenozoic kinematic and dynamic evolution. The principal aim of our study is to provide a comprehensive summary on the results achieved by separate working groups working on the deformation and stress history in different sectors of this intensely deformed part of the Alpine orogenic belt. Within this frame, we collected and compiled all available stress data published so far in a uniform data base which contains about 2000 entries from distinct tectonic units of the study area. This allowed us to construct a paleostress map series displaying the temporal and spatial evolution of the state of stress during Paleogene through Quaternary times. However, due to various reasons, the areal coverage and quality of these data exhibit strong heterogeneity. Areas in the Eastern Alps, the Transdanubian Range, the Western and Eastern Carpathians have been thoroughly examined, while great sectors inside the Pannonian Basin and most parts of the Dinarides remained "white spot" on our maps. Beyond these limits, this approach helped us to identify and interpret seven main structural events in and around the Pannonian Basin that are delicately reflected in the evolution of litho spheric stress. The combined analysis of stress indicators and the preliminary results of finite element stress modelling have shown that the state of stress in the P ANCARDI region was governed by distinct tectonic factors. Hereby we argue for the strong correlation between the observed stress pattern and the boundary conditions affecting the area. A major contribution of our work is the recognition of the key importance of the relatively continuous northward drift of the Adriatic microplate with respect to Europe. As a result, active shortening at the South Alpine Dinaric front played a relevant role in the stress evolution throughout Cenozoic times. Moreover, the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin system was mainly controlled by two additional processes during N eo gene through Quaternary times. On one hand, subduction of the European plate beneath the internal (i.e. ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia) units resulted in a slab pull force at the outer Carpathian front which may account for both tension (stress) and extension (strain) observed in the Pannonian Basin. On the other hand, body forces arising from density contrasts induced by the overthickened orogenic crust in the Eastern Alps and the presence of an asthenospheric dome beneath the internal sectors of the basin system could have also significantly influenced the reconstructed stress pattern. Tectonic evolution of the Orava Basin in the light of geomorphological and geophysical studies tested by earthquake of 11 September 1995 Maria Baumgart-Kotarba1 1 Department ofGeomorphology and Hydrology, Institute of Geography, Polish Academy of Sciences, sw. Jana 22,


This article discusses the questions about database of processing documents,then it develops the corresponding output management database.Moreover,it creates a set of cards templates.Though the cards templates,users can write the cards automatically.When needed,the cards can be outputted..For the users,it is very easy for the users to use.


This chapter describes the aftermath of the Philadelphia acquittals, which generated enormous resentment, leading to vituperative newspaper exchanges over the jury's role in treason cases, interference with a misprision of treason trial, and the armed attack on the home of James Wilson. The state introduced a new noncapital offense of treasonable misdemeanor. Benedict Arnold's notorious betrayal led to Pennsylvania's last two wartime executions for treason. One was ordered without a trial under the attainder proclamations. The other, of a man charged with joining the Indians and prosecuted by Arnold's brother-in-law, Edward Burd, was a dubious extension of Pennsylvania treason law and explicable only in the context of the fervor over Arnold. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court asserted its authority to issues writs of habeas corpus, and issued an important opinion about the duty of allegiance to Pennsylvania. The court also addressed a significant tax revolt in Berks County, a precursor to the more well-known rebellions of the 1790s.


In this paper, the well-known Duffing equation and the nonlinear equation describing vibration of the human eardrum are introduced from elastic nonlinear system theory. According to the fact that the human ear can distinguish weak sound with small difference, the idea that the Duffing oscillator can be used to detect a weak signal and diagnose early fault of machinery is proposed. In order to obtain a model for weak signal detection via the Duffing oscillator, the first step is to seek all forms of solutions of the Duffing equation. The second step is to study global bifurcations of the Duffing equation using qualitative analysis theory of a dynamic system. That is to say, a series of bifurcations thresholds of the Duffing equation can be analyzed by the Melnikov function and a subharmonics Melnikov function. Then the three types of bifurcations thresholds varying with damping and external exciting amplitude are discussed. The analysis concludes that the bifurcation threshold corresponding to the maximum orbit of solutions outside the homo-clinic orbit of the Duffing equation can be used to detect a weak signal. Finally, the implementing model of the Duffing oscillator for weak signal detection is given.


Flagrant crime is a topic that engulfs a number of questions, which are born out of the simple reading of the law, and also out of the doctrinarian concepts, where it is possible to find contradictory positions. The evident complexity of discovering the exact moment and the appropriate legal reason, to carry out a detention, inspires the analysis of the flagrant crime. The elements that are analyzed include the different forms of the flagrant crime, amongst them, the proper flagrant crime, the improper flagrant crime, and the presumption of a flagrant crime. Alongside the different forms of the flagrant crime, there´s a need to analyze its inner elements, such as, the immediate part of the flagrant crime, the uninterrupted persecution of the criminal, the crime scene investigation and the evidence left in the scene of crime.


There are differences in receiving economic radiation between southern and northern Jiangsu in modern times.It has an acception pole which is made up of quite big cities with dominant industries and strong economic function so as to accept radiation rather strongly,and then accelerate economic development in southern Jiangsu.There are neither dominant industries nor quite big cities in northern Jiangsu,so it is difficult to accept radiation effectively,and finally it lends to stagnancy and backwardness in the economic field.


Calculations of hydrodynamic resistance and mechanical susceptibility for complex particles held in multiple optical traps are presented. The subsequent thermal motion is quantified and the implications for a novel form of force microscopy are discussed.


The city-building-complex is now in a large-scale and stylized stage of development in China and its construction has become more involved in the city and peoples lives. The research in the city-building-complex and the shaping of urban form is of great significance and has broad prospects. This article discussed the relationship of the city-building-complex and the shaping of urban form from macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic perspectives, starting from four aspects, such as urban surface morphology, urban skyline, urban texture and urban axis. It will give reference and suggestion in design of the city-building-complex in China in future.


Objective: To determine the efficacy of high dose carboxymaltose vs iron sucrose for anemia among pregnant women managed at our hospital. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Obstetrics department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: The study was done on 150 patients receiving carboxymaltose preparation and 150 patients receiving iron sucrose preparation in second or third trimester of pregnancy due to either not responding to or not tolerating the oral preparation. Mean change in hemoglobin was assessed after 12 weeks of standard therapy with both the agents. Complete recovery from anemia (hemoglobin levels), mean corpuscular volume and ferritin levels were also compared in both the groups. Results: Mean age of participants was 32.89±7.191 years. Mean rise in hemoglobin in carboxymaltose was 3.96 ± 4.19 mg/dl while in iron sucrose group was 2.11±1.72 mg/dl (p-value<0.05). With chi-square test it was establishhed that patients achieved normal range of hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume and ferritin level statistically more (p-value <0.05) with the carboxymaltose preparation as compared to iron sucrose preparation. Conclusion: Carboxymaltose preparation of iron emerged as more efficacious agent for improving the parameters of anemia in pregnant women when compared with iron sucrose. Not only hemoglobin levels responded better to carboxymaltose but ferritin and mean corpuscular volume also showed marked improvement with carboxymaltose preparation.


The effect of initial imperfections on the stresses of pressure hulls of submarines is discussed. A mathematical model of initial imperfection is proposed. The the discussion is divided into three main parts: theoretical analysis, finite element analysis and model experiments. Finally, some conclusions are drawn. The authors have shown that not only amplitude, but also scope of initial imperfection has significant effect on stresses in shell plating. The effect of outward initial imperfection is different from that of inward one. The geometric parameters of pressure hulls are also related to the effect of initial imperfections on the stresses. Hence, the effect of amplitude, scope and outward/inward condition of initial imperfection and also geometric parameters of pressure hulls must be considered jointly in estimating the effect of initial imperfections on the stresses of pressure hulls of submarines.


Two finite automata are devised for modeling two classes of demand paging algorithms. The first one of one input and three outputs models the class of algorithms with a constant amount of allocated space. The second one of one input and six outputs models the class of algorithms with a variable amount of allocated space. Some evaluation techniques are developed following each model. The memory states of the first class algorithm with the Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy and the working set model of the second class are recursively defined by strings of the loaded pages. The adopted replacement policy and the state string updating procedure are imbedded in the recursive definition of memory states. Properties of some algorithms are developed to fit the finiteness assumption of a reference string.


A precise and effective technique for the design of bandpass resonant filters realized in a one-missing-row photonic-crystal waveguide by inserting proper defects along the waveguide is proposed. The main characteristics of photonic-crystal-based resonant filters are discussed and an application as channel-dropping filter is presented.


Three kinds of resonant modes of a single layered circular elastic cylinder embedded in the elastic medium are analysed by considering the oscillation of the scatter's core, based on the fact that the core moves as a rigid body when the shell material is very compliant. The resonant frequencies of the single resonator acquired by our method are in good agreement with those calculated by the local interaction simulation approach (LISA) for the local resonant phononic crystal. Therefore, the local resonant characteristics of a single layered circular elastic cylinder can be used to evaluate the resonant frequencies of the phononic crystal. The effects of the geometrical and physical parameters of the shell and the core are also studied in details. This work is significant for designing the locally resonant phononic crystal based on the local resonant characteristics of the single resonator and the resonant frequencies can be tuned by selecting the geometrical sizes and the materials.


Devices and methods for increasing the range of a signal processing circuit. One system uses circuits with earth-bias, which are coupled to a signal processing circuit in order to increase the range of power supplies, which can be used with the signal processing circuit, wherein the components of the signal processing circuit can be kept within a breakdown voltage threshold. When the voltage level of the data signal varies, the voltage level of the circuits varied with earth bias also.


Methyl-2-butene reacted with isoamyl nitrite in concentrated hydrochloric acid to obtain 2-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrosobutane which was condensed with 1,4-butanediamine to give 3, 3, 10, 10-tetramethyl-4, 9-diazadodecan-2, 11-dione dioxime (Prognox HL91) in an overall yield of 14.5%.


This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the classroom environment on learning achievement. This research is a quantitative research. Methods of data collection using questionnaires or questionnaires, documentation and observation. The research subjects were all students at MTs Ma'arif NU 04 Kladi village with a total population of 60 students. Data analysis includes correlation and variation of the regression line. Hypothesis testing to determine the effect of the classroom environment on student learning achievement with the results of F count = 129,315, F table 3,16 at = 0,05 turns F count = 129,315 > f table 3,16 Effective contribution (SE) predictor (X_1) environment physical class to the criterion (Y) of student learning achievement 29.843.493%. Effective contribution ( SE) predictor ( X_2) non-physical classroom environment on student learning achievement 29.036%, this indicates that the physical and non-physical classroom environment affects student learning achievement. With the results of the data that have been described previously, it can be said that "there is an influence of the physical and non-physical classroom environment on the learning achievement of even semester students at MTs Ma'arif NU 04 taro village in the 2020/2021 school year.


The purpose of this thesis is to study the effects on the shape and position of the characteristic curve due to a low level uniform exposure to white light. This was accomplished using a special camera which produced an image of a neutral density -wedge on a film strip. One half of this image was covered while the other half was uniformly ex posed to a low level light exposure. In some cases the low level exposure was first applied to half of the film strip with the image exposure occurring second. The density differences between the two halves of the film strip were measured and compared to density differences expected from additive exposure. The density differences were also analysed with respect to the time delay between the imaging and additional uniform exposure. This is repeated for each level of additional exposure. A graphical analysis based on a hypothetical film type was performed and then the same done for the test data. Graphical analysis was then done to determine if effects other than those attributable to additive exposure occurred. Conclusions were drawn concerning the


Via minimization is an important problem in integrated circuit layout and printed circuit board design. A linear (non-integral) programming approach to two-layer constrained via minimization (CVM) is presented. The approach finds optimum solutions for routings containing no more than three way splits, and guarantees provably good results for the general case. Most importantly, the size of linear programming formulation is polynomial in terms of the size of the CVM problem. The significance of the work lies in three aspects. First, since linear programming can be solved in polynomial time, the work thus provides, for the first time, a mathematical programming solution with computational efficiency comparable to known combinatorial CVM algorithms. Second, the compact linear programming approach is provably good and natural for general CVM, while previous restricted CVM algorithms are difficult to he extended to the general case. Third, the approach can handle additional constraints in a unified manner, and thus provides an efficient method for performance-driven layer assignment. The approach is based on some new graph-theoretic and polyhedron-combinatorial results presented on the structure of the CVM problem.


3-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) was synthesized successfully from readily available 2-nitroveratraldehyde in a three-step reaction. The procedure was based on existing protocol but with slight modification to give a much higher production yield. The tautomer conformation of the quinolinone was studied.


As a new Way in investment and financing,BOT plays an important role in introduction of foreign capital, especially the case with China?蒺s infrastructure.The paper.points out that BOT involves a series of contracts or agreements signed by Sino-foreign parties, the most important of which are the agreements of the Basic Agreements and the Licensing Agreements. It warns that due to the different contractual laws in different countries, the pertinent legal applicaility is different.


Estimation of house prices in the domain of real estate valuation is traditionally done using classic linear regression models, even though the correlation between price and house attributes is known to be complex and non-linear. In this thesis, a novel predictive modeling framework is introduced that incorporates a range of advanced regression models that are capable of learning non-linearity. Our results show that a considerably high predictive accuracy can be achieved through this framework, although models are not consistently accurate for different geographical regions. Because the amount training data that is available for auctions is much smaller than that for regular sales, and also because they differ in nature from regular sales, auctions cannot be predicted with the same level of accuracy without a different approach. Consequently, a novelty method is introduced that uses inductive instance-transfer learning to extend a regular sale based model with the knowledge of auctions. Different strategies in knowledge transferral are considered. Using transfer learning, results show a significant overall improvement of 5 . 06% in achieved accuracy for the prediction of auction prices.


Azadirachta indica (neem) is attributed to have many ethnopharmacological properties and has been postulated to have a significant effect on CD4 counts in HIV/AIDS subjects, however, the precise anti-retroviral mechanism is not yet known. In this study, a hydroacetone extract of A. indica leaves was investigated for its anti-retroviral and immunomodulatory potentials. The effect of the neem leaf extract on acute HIV infectivity and fusion was measured by the syncytia formation assay on HIV-1-infected C8166 CD4+ cells. The inhibitory effect of the extract on reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase activity and HIV p24 antigen expression were evaluated in the culture supernatant. The extract was also assessed for its ability to decrease the phenotypic expression of the immune activation markers CD38 and CD69. Results from a syncytium formation assay indicated that the extract blocked HIV-1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion. The extract inhibited HIV-1 replication in C8166 CD4+ cells in vitro by inhibiting the biochemical activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the result being a subsequent decrease in HIV p24 antigen concentration. In the effective dose range, no cytotoxicity was detected on uninfected target cells. Ex vivo the extract exhibited a dose dependent reduction in the levels of the immune activation marker CD38 and CD69 on phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The observed anti-HIV activity and immunomodulatory potentials of the extract shows that neem could impart health benefits to HIV/AIDS patients possibly by acting as fusion or reverse transcriptase inhibitors and also down-regulate hyperimmune activation.

 Key words: Anti-HIV activity, immunomodulatory activity, Azadirachta indica.


Nighttime profiles of the atmospheric concentrations of the nitrate radical (NO/sub 3/), NO/sub 2/, and O/sub 3/ have been obtained by using a mobile differential ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrometer over path lengths from 3 to 17 km. Measurements were carried out at four semiarid/desert sites in the southern California desert (Death Valley, Edwards Air Force Base, Phelan, and Whitewater), and nitrate radicals were observed at all four locations at typical concentrations of approx. 10-100 parts per trillion. A decrease in the calculated NO/sub 3/ lifetime with increasing relative humidity (RH) was observed with lifetimes up to approx. 60 min for less than or equal to50% RH, but less than or equal to10 min for greater than or equal to50% RH. This suggests the involvement of water in the loss process for NO/sub 3/, either in the gas phase or in the aqueous state at the ground or on aerosol surfaces. These experimental field data support our earlier hypothesis that this loss process of NO/sub 3/ may constitute both a major sink for atmospheric NO/sub x/ and a significant formation route for nitric acid, a key component of acid rain and fog.


science might use that of their assertiveness. In the political world generosity is no more a permanent factor than is philanthropy in the economic. Love of work for work's sake may be a disturbing factor in the one and love of one's fellow-men in the other. But in the typical political relation, as in the typical business relation, there are factors so constant that working with them we might achieve some certainty of prediction. It may have escaped the author of this ingenious parallel that the basis of the success of the first crude economic generalizations was the existence of certain observed relations between men that depended upon certain quantitative relations between human effort and the productiveness of the earth. The hypothesis of the economic man worked because goods were limited and painful effort was required to produce those necessary to life. If ever these conditions of scarcity ceased to exist, economics would break up into a science of intelligent birth-control and the aesthetics and psychology of giving and receiving gifts. There would have been no economic science had there been no scarcity in nature. Adam did not become an economic man until he earned his bread in the sweat of his brow and increased and multiplied. What is there to correspond in the science of the hypothetical political man to the law of diminishing returns or the hypothesis of diminishing utility ? Who is the Malthus of this political science ? Men's actions in relation to things are conditioned by the nature of these things; men's actions in relation to men are conditioned by the laws of mental interaction. These can only be explored by the careful use of the very psychological hypotheses Dr. Catlin condemns. It is improbable that a simple hypothesis will unravel for the relation of man to his fellows " in control, submission, and accommodation." The ends men set themselves and the possibility of their achievement depend on psychological factors not directly conditioned as in economics by a scarcity of necessities.


Three dimensional (3D) hierarchical architectures based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are synthesized through a mixed solvothermal method. By simply increasing the amount of graphene oxide (GO) during the synthesis, the 3D assembly of MoS2 can be tuned from nanoflowers to cross-linked nanosheets firmly attached to rGO. The structural and compositional analysis show that MoS2 nanostructures in the hybrids are constituted by ultrathin nanosheets with single or a few layers, and the GO precursor is reduced as rGO simultaneously. Due to the synergetic effects of rGO nanosheets and controllable assembly in MoS2 ultrathin nanostructures, the resulting nanohybrids show optimized electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. This work provides a facile method to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production for MoS2 based materials and their analogues via a tunable bottom-up assembly strategy.


This note shows that experimental results of the ultimatum game are consistent with and can be explained by the law of demand. Salaries of major league baseball players and estimates of their net marginal revenue while the reserve clause was in effect impressively confirm this assertion. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.


The aim of this research is to identifying student perception about factor that influences them to choose career. The samples were accounting students on the third year on the publics and private universities at Jakarta, Surakarta, and Yogyakarta. The results from Kruskal Wallis test shows that difference student perception about factors influencing career choices are financial reward, professional training, professional confession, work environment and demand from labor market. But they are indifference on social values and personality. Based on gender analysis the different student perception are financial reward, professional confession, social values, demand of labor market, and personality.


We describe NetEffect, a highly-scalable architecture for developing, supporting and managing large, media-rich, 3D virtual worlds used by several thousand geographically dispersed users using low-end computers (PCs) and modems. NetEffect partitions a whole virtual world into communities, allocates these communities among a set of servers, and migrates clients from one server to another as clients move through the communities. It devotes special attention to minimizing the network traffic, in particular, the traftic that must go through servers. HistoryCity, a virtual world for children, has been developed on NetEffect and is currently being beta-tested for deployment in Singapore.


Review(s) of: Evaluation in Distance Education and E-Learning: The Unfolding Model, by Valerie Ruhe and Bruno D Zumbo. The Guilford Press, New York, 2009. 306 pages, paperback. ISBN: 978-1-59385-872-8


Proposals to implement light rail transit in Australia have been the subject of considerable debate, particularly in Sydney. The purpose of this paper is inform aspects of this debate by drawing on the reasons that light rail was originally developed in Europe as a distinctive "semi-metro" rail application in the 1960s and 1970s before its international adoption. The paper has particular focus on using "semi-metro" light rail as a high quality alternative to metro rail in an environment of budget constraint, or as a means to enhance service levels of present light rail proposals. There are two key, related, points made in this paper. The first is that there has been a long history of demand for road space for motor vehicles that has been one factor in the removal of trams from the urban transit scene. This perceived conflict persists as a factor in today's light rail decision-making, despite recognition that streets should support a range of activities other than motorised transit. The second point is that street operation of transit is, in any case, often heavily compromised by motor vehicle congestion. While both of these matters may be managed to a degree by priority treatments, in certain situations the semi-metro concept - the original purpose of light rail - may offer advantages. (a) For the covering record of this conference, please refer to ITRD abstract no E220725.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is becoming a popular analytical tool these days. Originally developed for ophtalmology, OCT now spreads over to a variety of applications, e. g. material inspection. The benefit of this technique is the imaging capability of sample structures which are located even a few millimeters inside the sample with micrometer accuracy. For example, invisible defects lying underneath the surface of manufactured parts can be detected. real-time OCT therefore enables online quality control and lowers the waste of production processes. OCT relies on low coherence interferometry utilizing spectrally broad light sources like superluminescent diodes or pulsed ultrafast lasers. The typical setup is based on a Michelson type interferometer with a sample branch and a reference branch. The (laser) light is first split and – after passing both branches – overlayed again on a photodetector. In time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) the reference light pulses are delayed in time using a mechanical translation stage. The reference pulses interfere differently with the sample pulses at the photodetector depending on the position of the stage. The detected amplitude modulations at each position lead to the desired depth information of the sample. The axial resolution of OCT is determined by the coherence of the light source respectively its spectral bandwidth. Today, ultra-broadband ultrafast lasers push the resolution of OCT down to approx. one micrometer. recording speeds in TD-OCT are limited by the slow mechanical scanning of the translation stage. Therefore, spectrally detecting OCT techniques were developed. They lack however the huge imaging depth of TD-OCT. In this article, two new approaches will be discussed which replace the mechanical stage by much faster electronics. In this way the biggest drawback of TD-OCT is inverted into its biggest advantage: very fast scanning while maintaining the long imaging depth. These approaches are named »asynchronous optical sampling« (AsOPs) and »electronically controlled optical sampling« (ECOPs). In contrast to the standard procedure, not only one but two ultrafast lasers are employed: one for each branch of the interferometer. Both lasers emit light pulse series with a fast repetition rate of typically 100 MHz. The time window between two consecutive pulses is therefore 10 ns and corresponds to the round trip time of the laser resonator. The sample and reference pulses must hit the detector at nearly the same time to generate the desired interference patterns. Due to the active control of the resonator lengths, both round trip times are kept the same and therefore both lasers are synchronized. In this case the time windows of both pulse series are equal. There's only a constant time difference left between both pulse series. This time delay is technically also referred as phase difference. The synchronization is actively controlled Optical sampling techniques speed up optical coherence tomography measurements by several orders of magnitude. Novell approaches benefit from the smart use of electronical feedback loops, thus replacing all movable parts in tomography setups. Optical Coherence Tomography with fs Fiber lasers and ECOPs


A novel VLSI speed control method for induction motors using V/f controller that contributes almost zero steady-state speed error at any frequency and highly efficient torque.The present paper recommended stands alone control equipment for manufacturingbeginning motor speed control.This method leads to be able to change the speed of the motor by control the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage of induction motor, the ratio of stator voltage to frequency have to be kept constant, which is called scalar control of AC motor drive. The Variable-speed drives are created when a motor is combined with a power electronicsconverter. By introducing variable speediness to the driven load, it is potential for the optimization of effectiveness of the entire structure and outcomes in greatest good organization gains. The speed is Control in AC Motors. AC motor drives are used in control applications such as the speediness of move forwards speeds, transmit or systems,engine tool speeds, and others that require variable speed. The altered methods of controlling AC motors, Control has verified to be the most flexible and accurate method. In this, PWM Inverters have been modelled and their output is fed to the AC Motor drives.


Children and adolescents currently conduct part of their social lives in cyberspace. Along with the increased use of WhatsApp – the most popular social platform in Israel – as a social network, we witness the spread of cyberbullying, that is, targeted aggressive activity against individuals in a virtual social space. Bullying in the virtual social space sometimes also flows into the actual social space in the classroom through feeding and refeeding, affecting the perception of the classroom social climate and the student's sense of belonging in the classroom. Impairment of students' sense of belonging in the classroom may impair their mental wellbeing and their functioning in school. The present study was designed to broaden our understanding of how exposure to cyberbullying relates to the social climate and students' sense of belonging in the classroom beyond the students' age and gender, distinguishing between exposure to cyberbullying in the private space and in the group space. The study involved 4,813 students (53% girls) in grades 4–9 in 191 classes within 33 schools. Participants filled out e-questionnaires. The findings showed that, as predicted by the research hypotheses, the more students are exposed to cyberbullying in the private and group spaces, the more negative the perceived social climate and students' sense of belonging in the classroom will be. Exposure to simultaneous cyberbullying in both spaces, private and group, was found to be associated with even greater harm to the perceived social climate in the classroom and to students' sense of belonging. It was also found that the perception of the social climate in the classroom mediates the connection between exposure and bullying in the classroom virtual space and students' sense of belonging. The educational implications are discussed.


The Sexual Abuse Counselling Service is a unit within the Department of Families, Youth, and Community Care in Queensland, Australia, that operates a counseling program for adolescent sexual offenders. Clients are expected to participate in individual and group counseling sessions, and family counseling sessions where appropriate. The group counseling program is a year-long closed-group program, attended by 10 boys ranging from ages 12 to 17 years. The program includes a 3-month assessment and preparatory period, followed by 3 blocks of group sessions, each with its own theme, which run concurrently with school terms. Guidelines for behaviors are negotiated with the group in the form of a "working agreement," and are regularly enforced. Adventure therapy components are structured into the program prior to each block, midway during block one, and at the end of the program. Adventure therapy is a nonthreatening way to introduce themes and issues relating to sexual offending behavior and to increase self-esteem, problem-solving skills, communication skills, and personal insight and growth. Adventure therapy makes concrete many of the abstract constructs discussed in counseling, encourages hard work rewarded by success, allows for risk taking without offending behavior, and is fun. Processing, or debriefing, is used to assist clients to reflect on their experiences, and apply the meanings to other aspects of their lives. The four activities conducted during 1996 are described, and considerations for the introduction of adventure therapy into adolescent sexual offender programs are discussed. (TD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ErThis document has been reproduced as \C) received from the person or organization rs originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to cq improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this W-1 document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease of children, the worst way is their quality of life. Compliance in the treatment of children is very important, since the actual effect of a drug is determined by both the effective drugs and patient adherence and correct use. A relevant test is the use of mild asthma, which is able to control bronchial hyperreactivity associated with exercise, cold air, and other nonspecific irritants (smoke, odors, etc.). Planning of baseline therapy for children with mild asthma aged 5 years old and younger is particularly problematic for paediatricians due to high incidences of acute respiratory viral diseases and viral-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma among them. In these children, allergen-specific immunotherapy, long-acting B-agonists, the use of many metered-dose inhaled glucocorticosteroids. are not recommended.Montelukast, an oral antileukotriene drug, has advantages in the treatment of children with mild asthma with virus-induced exacerbations, with asthma of physical exertion and severe bronchial hyperreactivity, especially when combined with allergic rhinitis, as well as in special clinical cases, when parents refuse to use ICS for treatment children with mild asthma or inability to use them for some reason. The use of montelukast for mild asthma in children in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic also has advantages that pediatricians can use when observing these children in the pediatric area, taking into account contraindications.


Recent work from our lab has uncovered a role for ICAM‐1 in regulating endothelial glutathione levels. Here we provide further evidence for the involvement of this adhesion molecule in this process. Using cross‐linking antibodies, total GSH was measured after ICAM‐1 ligation on confluent endothelium. Next, confluent cells were treated overnight with 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL soluble ICAM‐1 (sICAM‐1) followed by total GSH measurements. Lastly, confluent endothelial cells were treated overnight with 10, 25, or 50 μM of a cell permeable peptide containing the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of ICAM‐1, and then GSH was measured. Cross linking ICAM‐1 on the endothelial surface, thus mimicking leukocyte adhesion, induced a significant increase in GSH levels at 16 hrs (135.02±15.32 nmol/mg protein vs 74.99±2.75 nmol mg/protein for untreated). Soluble ICAM‐1 at 1 ng/mL also significantly elevated endothelial GSH levels (88.52±9.76 nmol/mg protein for 1 ng/mL sICAM‐1 vs. 56.88±3.79 nmol/mg protein for untreated), and treatment with 25 and 50 μM of a cell permeable C‐terminal fragment of ICAM‐1 significantly increased GSH levels compared to the control peptide (36.14±1.07 and 39.65±1.27 nmol/mg protein for 25 and 50 μM ICAM‐1 peptide, respectively, vs. 19.82±1.15 and 24.39±0.63 nmol/mg protein for 25 and 50 μM control peptide, respectively). These data provide novel evidence that ICAM‐1 regulates endothelial cell redox status through modulation of pathways controlling intracellular glutathione.


Dunaliella salina is a kind of very important algae resource.Because it had rich nutrient substances(protein,natural vitamin,minerals,unsaturated fatty acid,polysaccharide,etc.) and functions of anti-radiation,delaying the organism ageing,cancer prevention,anticancer,so it has wide exploration and utilization from the food health care,medicine,animal production and other aspects in recent years.As the receptor of biotechnology and gene engineering,it had an important role in the scientific research and has become a scientific research receptor in recent years.The biological characteristics,physiological research,toxicological research,nutritional research,bioactive components and their functions,the application of Dunaliella salina powder in animal production were reviewed,so as to promote the effective application of this kind of good feed resources in the livestock production in China.


(1) The reaction of cementum and its adjoining tissues to induced pathological conditions associated with the gingival sulcus is described. (2) After subjecting the sulcus to interference, its histological appearance is compared with that of definite parodontal disease. (3) Various methods were adopted for these experiments, which were performed on monkeys. (4) Artificial pockets were produced by detaching the subgingival epithelium and underlying connective tissue from the cementum. Results: (a) Cementum is easily removed accidentally, when scraping monkeys' teeth. (b) Reattachment of connective tissues to cementum is effected, but is usually incomplete. (c) Epithelium always firmly reunites with cementum. (d) The artificial sulcus which is usually deeper than normal does not show, microscopically, the same pathological changes as in parodontal disease. (5) In other experiments, in addition to deepening the sulcus, the cementum lining the pockets was also removed, leaving denuded dentine in contact with the connective tissue. A similar condition was achieved by another method in which a dental bur was inserted between two teeth below the gum margin. Results: (a) The gingival epithelium is capable of forming a weak attachment to the dentine, though this does not usually occur. It always proliferates down and unites with the nearest layer of cementum. It seems to have a peculiar affinity for this tissue. (b) Underlying connective tissue does not usually unite with the dentine. When this happens it is effected by the regeneration of cementum, this new tissue being lined by new cementoblasts. (c) The width of the periodontal membrane, which was increased by the experiment, is reduced to a more normal level by deposition of new alveolar bone, and to a lesser extent by regeneration of cementum. (d) In this series of experiments the artificial pocket is permanent and somewhat resembles that of parodontal disease. This is probably due, not so much to the injury, but to its effects creating a space which forms an area of chronic stagnation.


The Chinese native rice cultivar 'Maowangu' expresses a high level of resistance to many races of rice blast (Pyricularia grisea) collected from North China and Japan. 'Maowangu' was crossed with 10 Japanese differential cultivars and the susceptible Chinese cultivar 'Lijiangxintuanheigu' (LTH). Allelism tests were conducted in the F 2 populations with rice blast races. The resistance of 'Maowangu' was governed by two dominant genes which were non-allelic to the resistance genes at seven loci: Pi-a, Pi-i, Pi-k, Pi-z, Pi-ta, Pi-b, and Pi-t. To identify the two resistance genes, two F 3 lines of 'Shin 2/Maowangu' segregating 3R:1S were selected for linkage tests in 1994. One was linked to marker genes C and Amp-3 on chromosome 6 with recombination frequencies of 35.8 ± 6.4% and 42.1 ± 6.2%, respectively, and the other to Amp-1 on chromosome 2 with a recombination frequency of 37.6 ± 6.0%. To confirm these results, two F 3 lines of LTH/Maowangu' were selected for linkage tests in 1995. The one was linked to Amp-3, and other was linked to Amp-1, with recombination frequencies of 36.9 ± 3.1% and 34.3 ± 3.2%, respectively. The two genes on chromosomes 6 and 2 were designated Pi13(t) and Pi14(t), respectively.


Weighted Fair Queueing has received a lot of attention in the research community recently. In fact, the IETF has proposed to use WFQ as a basic building block for future integrated services networks. The reason for such a great interest is that it closely approximates a hypothetical uid model discipline called Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS), which provides a conceptually ideal building block for integrated services network. There is a general misconception that WFQ provides almost identical service to GPS with a maximum diierence of one packet, thus it is an ideal and practical replacement for GPS. This is a misinterpretation and over-generalization of Parekh's result that the delay bound provided by WFQ is within one packet transmission time of that provided by GPS. In this paper, we will show that, contrary to popular belief, there could be large discrepancies between the services provided by the packet WFQ system and the uid GPS system. The inaccuracy introduced by WFQ in approximating GPS are detrimental to both real-time and best-eeort traac in a network with hierarchical link-sharing service. In addition, WFQ has a relatively high complexity which make it diicult to implement. We propose two new algorithms and show that they overcome the limitations of WFQ. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the new algorithms.


The electrochemical behavior of Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ) on graphite electrode in acetic-acid-anhydride was investigated.The result of equilibrium potential showed that the conditional electrode potential of Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ) was 0.720 V(vs SCE).The results of linear sweep polarization curve and RDE on graphite electrode showed that the rate determining step of the electrode process was a combined process of diffusion and charge-transfer.The anodic charge-transfer kinetic parameters were determined.The anodic charge-transfer coefficient is 0.183,the exchange current density i_o is 5.80×10~(-5)A/cm~2,and the conditional charge-transfer rate constant k_a is 9.16×10~(-8)m/s under 25℃.The reaction is first order in Mn(Ⅱ)and also first order in OAc~-.


An indigenous soil-borne fungus was isolated from infected seeds and seedlings of Texas gourd [Cucurbita texana (A.) Gray] and evaluated as a mycoherbicide. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani App. & Wr. f. sp. cucurbitae Snyd. & Hans. Only Cucurbita species were susceptible in host range tests. Ample quantities of microconidia for greenhouse and field plot inoculum were produced in shake culture on Richards' solution. Granular inoculum for field plot tests was produced in 5% (w/w) cornmeal/sand medium. In controlled-environment experiments, inoculated Texas gourd seedlings were killed over a range of air temperatures from 16 to 40 C. Optimum air temperature for disease development was 26 to 30 C. Complete kill of 4- and 8-cm-tall seedlings was achieved after 3 weeks when sprayed until runoff with a microconidial suspension containing 2.0 × 106 spores/ml. Texas gourd seedlings were effectively controlled in field plots (99% maximum) with liquid or granular inoculum. Soil samples from infested plots indicated that the fungus persists up to 12 months in a fine sandy loam, but after 12 months inoculum levels were insufficient to cause disease on seedlings grown under optimum conditions for disease development.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To give the same operation to a certain function of AV equipment regardless of the type of a terminal to be used in the operation even though a UI of an equipment main body and a UI for an external terminal are needed for the operation via a network when the AV equipment is incorporated into the network. SOLUTION: A device operation system has a main body control part 102 for the operation of a device main body, a remote control part 103 for the operation via the network and a device control part 104 for controlling the device. The first operation judgment part 109 of the main body control part 102 and the second operation judgment part 113 of the remote control part 103 respectively have a plurality of operating states, and the individual operating states are associated with each other. The same function is provided in an operating state managed by the second operation determining part 113 which is associated with an operating state managed by the first operation judgment part 109. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI


Abstract A method allowing the evaluation of the jitter degradation induced by a filter frequency dispersion (FFD) on a soliton transmission system is presented. The method is valid up to standard deviation of the order of the soliton linewidth. It is shown that systems with sliding-frequency filtering are more robust to FFD than systems with fixed-frequency filtering. In the first ones, standard deviations of the order of the quarter of the soliton linewidth can be tolerated without significant jitter degradation. Experimental data confirm this result.


This paper describes a mathematical model of an autowave process in a cell with a ferrocolloid. The model is a system of differential coupled equations of the second order and differs from the previously presented model in terms of its original boundary conditions. The mathematical modeling of autowaves presented in this work constitutes an innovative approach, since the characteristics of the wave process are not initially included in the model but the model demonstrates a wave motion. A 2D solution of the model, which shows the correctness of the described mechanism of the autowave process, i.e., the recharging of magnetic particles in dense near-electrode layers formed near the electrodes under the influence of an electric field, is obtained. The propagation of single and phase autowaves is demonstrated in a computer experiment.


Objective To know the prevalence of injury-risk behaviors among pupil in Taiyuan,and to provide bases for preventive measures of injuries.Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 376 pupils of grade 3-5 in Taiyuan.Results The prevalence rates of bicycle ride violation,go on foot violation and unsafe-swimming were 33.9%,13.0% and 8.2%.The prevalence rates of being humiliated,fighting,unsafely in school and go back school were 51.6%,32.0% and 6.1%.The prevalence rates of sense of loneliness,pressure of study,insomnia and gloomy were 24.1%,29.8%,9.6% and 10.2%.The prevalence rates of risk behavior in boys were higher than girls.The prevalence rates of sense of loneliness and gloomy in urban were higher than suburban.The prevalence rates of risk behaviors were higher in single parents/recombine/partition-generation family.Conclusion There are higher prevalence rate of injury-risk behavior among pupil in Taiyuan.It is associated with personal,family and social factors.


Pressure transverse in foam drilling operation is sensitive and difficult to predict particular at the start of flow that follows the unavoidable shut in due to inevitable procedure of stop and proceed arising from re-connection of additional drilling pipe to further drill depth. The practice in drilling may not enable the flow to attain steadiness flow region before running in the length of drill pipe. Most existing models in the literature for predicting pressure transverse in foam drilling operation only captured the steadiness flow region of the foam drilling operation by keeping out restriction terms induced by accumulation and kinetic for simplicity sake, hence unsteadiness flow region experienced during foam drilling operation was rarely modelled. It is highly expedient to derive a model that evident the unsteadiness region in order to accurately predict pressure transverse, hence sufficiently analyses the well stability during foam drilling operation.
 In this study, a model for forecasting pressure transverse in foam drilling operation was established considering restriction term caused by accumulation and kinetic that constitute for accurate formulation of hydraulic model that govern flow of foam during underbalanced drilling. By applying the proposed model to a case study reported in literature, pressure transverse at unsteadiness flow region for foam drilling operation can be quantitatively estimated and analyzed. The result obtained in a case study carried out indicates high variance in pressure as function time at the beginning of flow in foam drilling where unsteadiness is promoted before matching up closely with the results obtained from the existing Guo et al 2003 model at the steadiness flow region. The new model has a better accuracy with a percentage error of 0.74% and 6.4% as compared to previous models by Guo et al 2003. The proposed model make possible for drilling engineer to take decision with larger precision during hydraulic design of foam drilling operation and guaranteeing well stability in complex drilling system.