This text relates the process developed in the master through biannual reflections, that also relates the construction of a piano recital and the performer's evolution from the study of the works.
The program is composed by a selection of works by Franz Liszt (1811- 1886). The learning and deepening process report of the repertoire, embodied in this document, covers reflections about the technical development, the construction of an interpretation based on the deep knowledge of the works' context , the "quest of sound", the approach of limits and its possible overcoming through new ways.
The historic role of Liszt in the "piano recital" is one of the most important elements in this process, because it offers a perspective from the origin of this practice, that remains in force after almost 200 years.
To conclude, the program notes summarize the most relevant facts about the context of the repertoire, with the purpose of arouse the interest of the expert public, as well as those who attend for the first time to a recital.


The issue of climate change demands an update on the existing agro-climate map of Indonesia. For this purpose, in 2019 the Indonesian Agro-climate Resource Map was prepared. One of the stages of mapping is rainfall classification. This paper describes the analysis of rainfall to produce the classification used in the Indonesian Agro-climate Resource Map. The analysis used the monthly and annual rainfall data from 4087 stations with various observation lengths period between 1980-2010. The results of the analysis show that there is a proportional relationship between annual rainfall and the number of consecutive wet months (R2 = 0.776), as well as an inversely proportional relationship between annual rainfall and the number of consecutive dry months (R2 = 0.64), and between the number of consecutive dry months with the consecutive wet months (R2 = 0.72). The results of the rainfall analysis divided the criteria for annual rainfall into 3 categories, namely wet (>2500 mm/year), moderate (1500-2500 mm/year) and dry, (<1500 mm/year); dividing the criteria for dry months into 3 categories, namely <3, 3-7, and >7 months; and dividing the criteria for the number of wet months into 4 categories, namely <3, 3-4, 5-9, >9 months. To improve the adaptation capacity of users and to assist quickly identification in the field, a Triangle Diagram is designed which can be used to identify the value of annual rainfall, the number of consecutive wet months, the number of consecutive dry months and the crop planting patterns.


In a context of "regular" violence, is it possible to distinguish patterns that point to impending conflict, to identify signals and thresholds beyond which violence will erupt and before which one might intervene in order to prevent the worst from happening? In this paper, we discuss this sensitive matterbased on field observation in pre-September 2002 Cote d'Ivoire.


The physical decline of middle school students in urban areas should be given a urgent introspection for the current physical education.Outdoor sports have great challenge and attraction,compensate for the shortcoming of the existing physical education.Meanwhile,it is a beneficial way for motivate students' enthusiasm in sports,enrich their extracurricular life and cultivate their adaptability to the society.It was studied in this paper that the necessity and feasibility of outdoor sport course in urban middle schools.It was hope to provide some theoretic foundation for its carrying out.


Are analyzed the predictive kinetic equation impregnation process fibrous fillers epoxy binder solutions using conventional filtration theory for laminar flow of viscous non-Newtonian fluid, which is not compressed, given the structural characteristics of fibrous fillers as a capillary-porous body, namely, porosity, specific internal surface, effectively (equivalent) radius of the capillary. refined kinetic equation of the longitudinal or transverse impregnation of continuous fiber filler obtained for the most efficient from a technological point of view, cross-sectional shape of fibrous fillers (belt material: fiberglass, glass fiber, bundles of rectangular cross-section) because of its structural and geometric parameters and the parameters of the impregnation process, namely : tension force fibrous fillers, rheology liquid epoxy adhesive and pressure impregnation. The resulting equation to predict the main kinetic parameters of the impregnation process (time and leakage rate, lift height binder), as well as design parameters for the impregnation equipment (dimensions impregnating bath). The directions of the intensification of the process of impregnation.


Abstract We assessed the criterion-related validity of Cureton's equation for estimating peak oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2peak) from the one-mile run/walk test in endurance-trained children aged 8–17 years. Altogether, 66 physically active white children and adolescents (32 girls, 34 boys) completed a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion and the one-mile run/walk test. Cureton's equation was used to estimate [Vdot]O2peak, and was assessed using several error measures. Agreement between measured [Vdot]O2peak and estimated [Vdot]O2peak was analysed by the Bland and Altman method. The correlation coefficient between measured [Vdot]O2peak and one-mile run/walk time was −0.59 (P < 0.001) and that between measured and estimated [Vdot]O2peak was 0.70 (P < 0.001). The mean difference between measured and estimated [Vdot]O2peak was 10 ml · kg−1 · min−1 (95% CI = 9.2–11.8; P < 0.001). The standard error of the estimate was 3 ml · kg−1 · min−1, and the percentage error was 32%. There was a positive association between the measured and estimated [Vdot]O2peak difference and the measured and estimated [Vdot]O2peak mean, which indicates that the higher the [Vdot]O2peak the higher the error of the estimate. These findings did not change markedly when the analyses were performed by sex, age group or body mass status. These results suggest that Cureton's equation systematically underestimates [Vdot]O2peak in endurance-trained children with high [Vdot]O2peak.


Two areas of parental attitudes relevant to geographical mobility were found to distinguish the parents of disturbed military children from the parents of normals. The actual incidence of geographical relocation in the childrens' histories, however, did not appear related to the criteria of emotional disturbance.


The present invention provides an ETC reader convenient for application expansion. The ETC reader convenient for application expansion comprises a safety control module and a basic support module; the safety control module is taken as a business and safety center; the basic support module includes a reader CPU system and is taken as a communication and protocol center, and the safety control module and the basic support module cooperatively work; and the safety control module is configured to control the realization of a RSU business flow, assemble an air interface instruction interactive with an OBU and a message interactive with a lane computer according to application demands, integrate a safety module to complete the safety operation and identification of the application business, and complete identity identification and discrimination of the safety control module and the reader CPU system, and is the business and safety control center of the reader. The basic support module is configured to realize a DSRC short distance communication protocol, radio frequency control and the communication protocol of a lane computer, and is taken as a communication and protocol center to realize instruction protocol package and communication data package of a safety control module and complete the business flow through interaction of the safety control module and the lane computer.


Fiber substrate-based ablators such as Phenolic-Impregnated Carbon Ablator are composite materials comprising a fibrous substrate and a polymer matrix. This paper presents an approach for estimatin...


This article will examine the soft power aspects of Zheng He's life as well as the soft power efforts of the People's Republic of China in the modern day, using Zheng He as an example to show the historical parallels between the two while examining the motivations of the PRC which is a search for legitimacy. This article will look into the parallels that exist between Zheng He and the soft power practiced in the fifteenth and twenty-first centuries within China. Furthermore, the perceptions and meanings of soft power in China may be different than that of other nations or other periods of time. In the study of world politics today, there is a great deal of focus on the soft power aims of the People's Republic of China. Soft power is defined as a persuasive approach to world politics, usually accomplished through diplomacy, with influences both political and cultural in aim. Joseph S. Nye, the academic who first 1 The following article contains text and excerpts from my longer scholarly work "The Admiral 's Carrot and Stick" which was a long and complex study regarding the relationships between Soft Power as practiced by the Ming-era Admiral Zheng He and its relationship to the soft power practices of the modern PRC. This article is a shortened version which focuses exclusively on the first voyage of Zheng He and the soft power practices of the Ming Dynasty along with some modern-day examples of the PRC continuing a soft power policy that reaches all the way back to the early dynasties of China, with specific focus on


Given that the Ph.D. is a research degree, one of the key questions for faculty is when to begin research training. (Related questions are what sort of training should be given and how should it be taught.) One option is to postpone any research work until the second year with the initial year for content courses. But studies (Berlew & Hall, 1966; Schein, 1971; Buchanan, 1974) have shown that the first year is a particularly important time for the socialization of new members into a social system. In terms of doctoral research training it is necessary to teach not only the mechanics of research design and implementation but the even more important skill of conceptualizing the questions to be studied. It has been my experience that this skill can and should be taught the first year.


The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of five different salinities (0 ppt, 1.5 ppt, 3 ppt, 6 ppt and 12 ppt) on growth of common carp for 60 days at three different temperature regimes. The experiment was conducted in aquaria of 38 litres capacity fitted with complete aeration and filtration system, with 10 fishes in each, at air temperature ranges from 31.0°C-37.5°C (high), 23.0°C-31.0°C (mild) and 13.5°C-19.0°C (low) in triplicate. Growth in terms of average daily gain (ADG), net weight gain (NWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were estimated on weekly basis. The fingerlings adapted well to the saline environment upto 6 ppt but 100% mortality was observed in 12 ppt at high and mild temperature regimes while 50% survival was recorded at low temperature. The decreasing trend of ADG, NWG and SGR were observed in fingerlings from 0 to 12 ppt salinity. Maximum ADG was reported in 0 ppt salinity followed by 1.5 ppt, 3 ppt, 6 ppt and 12ppt. At all the temperature regimes, as salinity increases the NWG of carp fingerlings similarly decreased like ADG. The highest SGR was recorded in 0 ppt salinity and followed by 1.5 ppt>3 ppt>6 ppt at mild temperature. The highest SGR (1.70±0.01%) was detected on 15th day at 0 ppt while the lowest SGR (0.44±0.04%) was reported on 60th day in 6 ppt salinity at mild temperature. The differences were statistically significant (p≤0.05) among salinities. The present findings demonstrate that environmental salinity affects the growth of carp fingerlings, with maximum growth in freshwater and declined with ascending levels of salinities at different temperature regimes upto 6 ppt salinity.


Switzerland exists as a nation-state, but neither the formation of the state, nor the formation of the nation have gone as far in as in comparable countries. Switzerland has remained a "federation of nations" whose union is far from achieved. As a result of its incomplete development towards a nation-state, Switzerland appears to be pecularly modern and could serve as a model for European integration. For Switzerland itself, however, the traditional model of "unity in plurality" seems no longer able to live up to the contemporary challenges.


(30) Foreign Application Priority Data (57) ABSTRACT Feb. 20, 1990 JP Japan .................................... 2-39360 In a Cu-alloy mold for use in centrifugal casting of Tior Mar. 27, 1990 JP Japan .................................... 2-78384 Ti-alloys, the mold body is made of a Cu alloy satisfying 51) Int. Cl. ....................... B22D 13/00; B22D 13/10 the following relationship: 52) U.S. Cl. .................................... 164/114; 164/138: 164/286; 164/290 Ts-0.3p270 58) Field of Search ............... 164/114, 138, 286, 289, 164/290, 296 where Ts is the tensile strength (kg/mm2), and p is the 56) References Cited electrical conductance (% IACS). A cavity disposed in w v the mold body has a volume which is at most 30% of U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS the volume of the mold body. Also disclosed is a


When intubating a newborn, the aim was to place the endotracheal tube (ETT) in the midtrachea to allow for even distribution of ventilation and surfactant to both lungs. An ETT is considered correctly positioned if the tip is visible between the upper border of the first and the lower border of the second thoracic vertebra on chest x-ray (CXR).1 A number of methods are used to estimate the depth of insertion, including use of the vocal cord guide.2 ,3 The vocal cord guide was originally described as a 2-mm-wide solid black line added to neonatal ETTs with the upper border of the line at a distance of 24 mm, 26 mm and 28 mm …


This paper mainly introduces a relative working algorithm that with it handled on-line handwritten Chinese characters can be regularized into mesh model of stroke extractions based on strokes. This builds up a strong foundation for further chinese character glyph analysis and calculation.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Coriandrum sativum extract on liver ischemia reperfusion injury at light microscopic and biochemical levels.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sham, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), IRI+Coriandrum sativum extract and only Coriandrum sativum extract groups were formed. Sixty minutes of ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion were performed. In the treatment group, 300 mg/kg/day Coriandrum sativum was given by gavage. Hepatic tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were measured. Nuclear factor- kappa beta (NF-kappa B), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Caspase-3 (Cas-3) immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Microscopic scoring was performed in terms of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and necrosis.

RESULTS
Sinusoidal enlargement and diffuse congestion, Kupffer cell increase, neutrophil increase in necrotic areas, and vacuolization in hepatocytes, and bile duct proliferation in the portal triad were observed in ischemia/reperfusion hepatic tissue. Very rare, necrotic areas were observed in the Coriandrum sativum treatment group, while congestion and vacuolization and bile duct proliferation were decreased compared to the ischemic group. The AST and ALT levels were increased in the IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups. When compared to the IRI group, the AST and ALT levels of the Coriandrum sativum were considerably decreased. The IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups had statistically significant differences in ALP compared to that of the Coriandrum sativum and Sham groups. There was no significant difference between the ALP levels of the IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 immune positive stained hepatocytes were numerous and widely observed in the injury group. There were positive TNF-α immunohistochemical staining Kupffer cells in the IRI group. In the group treated with Coriandrum sativum, Kupffer cells were not stained, while TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 expressing hepatocytes were found to be decreased compared to the IRI group. When the expression values of the TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 groups were evaluated statistically, it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the group treated with Coriandrum sativum.

CONCLUSIONS
It was found that Coriandrum sativum extract decreased proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and apoptotic cell death and liver enzymes in liver ischemia reperfusion injury.


The present invention, fungal active compounds: wherein killing of formula (I), Het is oxygen, containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur 5- or 6-membered a heterocycle, wherein the ring is substituted by R Are each, independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, C , And phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably the use of the active ingredients or compositions in agriculture or salts arts to control or prevent infection of plants by fungal relates.


We developed a full-wave formulation to model massive number of vias in high-speed printed circuit board (PCB), through silicon via (TSV) and electric band-gap (EBG) structures. This analytic method employs the equivalent magnetic frill array, Galerkin's procedure, image theory and Fourier transform to simplify the problem from a 3D configuration into a 2D frame. Based on Bessel's functions and addition theorem, the final matrix equation is formulated analytically without using any numerical techniques. The new method is purely from the boundary conditions. Consequently, it is simple, versatile, efficient and accurate. Numerical examples demonstrate good agreement between our analytical solution and commercial software (HFSS) for through silicon and PCB vias. The model is also used to study the EBG wall and cavity, for leakage fields.


A Logic Network indicates the sequence of activities in a project over time. It shows which activity logically precedes or follows another activity. It can be used to identify the milestones and critical path of a project. It will help you understand the dependencies in your project, timescale, and its workflow. Valuable information that you may otherwise overlook can be revealed using this technique.


SUMMARY Until the end of 2005, antibiotics were used in Europe in poultry nutrition as growth-promoting agents. The general European Union ban on antibiotic growth promoters, beginning in 2006, has encouraged the search for effective alternatives. Research not only on performance, but also on the physiological responses of birds is still sparse. This experiment was conducted to characterize, in addition to performance indices, the physiological effect of an alkaloid preparation, Sangrovit, obtained from the aerial parts Macleaya cordata, on the gastrointestinal tract (mainly ceca) of broiler chickens. Carcass meat characteristics and the fatty acid profile of breast meat were evaluated as well. One-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were fed a wheat-corn-soybean meal control diet without (control) or with a 30 mg/kg dose of the alkaloid preparation for 5 wk. The Sangrovit treatment did not significantly improve final BW, FCR, or breast muscle weight when compared with the control treatment. The n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio in breast meat was significantly increased by the Sangrovit treatment. The sensory evaluation of breast and thigh meat did not reveal any negative influence of dietary supplementation with the alkaloid preparation. Supplementation of 30 mg/kg of the alkaloid-containing preparation Sangrovit in broiler diets without growth promoters can help perpetuate a beneficial cecal environment, reducing the activities of bacterial β-glucosidase (P = 0.095) and β-glucuronidase (P = 0.075) as well as decreasing pH of the digesta (P = 0.060).


ABSTRACT The present article describes the life of the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920) through the correspondence with her parents: the Emperor of Russia Alexander II, the Empress and close friends. The accent is on Grand Duchess's life in Great Britain after her marriage in 1874 to Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900), second son of the Queen Victoria but also about her life in the Duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after 1893 with frequent visits to her family in Russia. The letters give us important information about the Grand Duchess's life, her children, and her social contacts with political and diplomatic circles of the period.


Contents: Preface Introduction A brief history of social aesthetics Two types of appearance power: economic and social networks Minority statuses, inequality, and social aesthetics Alterations: making our appearance more suitable The media, the economy, globalization, and other forces associated with social aesthetics Theories: explanations of social aesthetics Animal aesthetics: an illustration of symbolic interactionism Transforming social aesthetics: accommodation and rebellion Conclusions Appendix Bibliography Index.


Background: The prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is continuously increasing worldwide, including in Indonesia and has become a global public health problem. With the increased number of patients with CKD and the limited number of nephrologists, primary care physicians and specialists should play an important role in providing quality sustainable prevention and treatment by improving promotive and preventive efforts in primary care. Most patients with CKD can be managed by doctors in primary care in collaboration with specialist doctors in secondary and tertiary care. However, clinical practice guidelines for promoting and preventing CKD in primary care apparently have not been optimally implemented.Objective: This research aimed to make a promotive and preventive model for stages 1-5 of CKD in primary care.Methods: This research employed a research and development strategy with the following stages: (1) Preliminary study stage (literature review), (2) Development stage (initial draft of the model) and (3) Resources validation stage (in-depth interviews).Results: Five primary care physicians, two internists and one nephrologist participated in the validation stage for the initial draft of the model. The three stages of this research obtained the pattern of doctor's practice for CKD and the feedback related to the model to be adjusted according to the condition of primary care in Indonesia.Conclusion: There is a lack of understanding and awareness of primary care physicians about prevention and treatment of CKD, and a lack of supporting examination facilities for serum creatinine and albuminuria in primary care for screening of the risk factors of CKD. A promotional and preventative model of stages 1-5 for CKD in primary care was successfully made and validated.


Blended teaching mode is an online and offline teaching mode which combines the advantages of online teaching and traditional teaching. This research takes "rain classroom" intelligent teaching platform as the carrier, and uses MOOC and other online resources to carry out blended teaching reform and attempt on "Analog Electronic Technology" course. By considering the characteristics of the course and the problems existing in the traditional teaching methods, this paper expounds the ideas and methods of the course reform. It focuses on the construction of online and offline resources, the implementation of hybrid teaching mode, and the construction of Diversified Assessment and evaluation system. The implementation of this study has achieved good results and greatly improved the students' class participation and knowledge mastery.


Intragranular response intrinsic to the grains of a YBCO superconductor was isolated and was subjected to superimposed AC and DC magnetic field. Complex magnetic susceptibility results show that even with the addition of DC magnetic field to as high as 4.53 mT, vortices are not driven in the grains. The intragranular AC loss peak was explained and modelled through a mechanism of eddy current induced in the grains due to the time-varying magnetic field. The superimposed DC magnetic field was found to affect the resistance and penetration depth of the eddy current.


We study the evaporation of black holes in space-times with extra dimensions of size L by employing the microcanonical picture of Hawking's radiation. We show that the luminosity is greatly damped when the horizon becomes smaller than L and black holes born with an initial size smaller than L are almost stable. This effect is due to the strong dependence of both the occupation number density of Hawking quanta and the greybody factor of a black hole on the dimensionality of space. Although the picture of what happens when the horizon shrinks to a size L is still incomplete, we argue that there might occur an outburst of energy which leaves a quasistable remnant.


The fourth industrial revolution has enabled entire manufacturing lines to operate with minimal human intervention. Machines have become autonomous and, for the efficient operation of systems, decision-makers require a clear picture of the plant's situation and overall performance. Sensors provide real-time machine data that can assist in understanding trends, enabling experts to analyze and optimize processes and also provides the ability to predict faults. Thus, providing access to plant data at the right level and time is critical for effective operations. Operators are required to quickly spot issues in real-time to take corrective measures which require effective delivery of information using specific Data Visualization techniques. This paper depicts a system developed by the integration of the latest technologies to virtually visualize the performance of an industrial plant for decision-guiding insights to reduce problems and improve production. Keywords— Industry 4.0, Smart Factory, Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR), Predictive Maintenance.


Localization is an important topic in the wireless sensor networks (WSN) because sensor nodes are randomly scattered over a region and can get connected into a network on their own. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive DV-HOP location algorithm using anchor-density-based clustering for wireless sensor networks. First, we select the maximum core density anchor node as head to reduce regional distance error; second, we divide cluster into different grade according to the number of anchor nodes and unknown nodes in each cluster; last, we use different method to locate unknown position for high-density cluster, low density cluster and sparse density cluster. The algorithm does not change the basic orientation of the traditional DV-Hop algorithm process, does not require additional hardware support and performs efficiently in regular as well as irregular network topologies. Simulation shows that the localization accuracy of the proposed algorithm is better and the communication overhead is lower than the traditional DV-HOP algorithm. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


We report on fabrication and characterization of SnO2–Sin–n made by deposition of SnO2 film onto monocrystalline silicon substrate by rapid photothermal oxidation (RPO) of Sn with condition 500°C/120 s. The film has been characterized by techniques such as XRD, optical transmission, and Hall effect. The XRD spectrum showed that the grown SnO2 was polycrystalline in nature with tetragonal crystal structure. From optical transmittance data the band gap of SnO2 film was calculated and found to be 3.9 eV. The electrical measurement revealed that the SnO2 film was n-type. Current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of SnO2–Si heterojunction were investigated. The ideality factor of junction estimated from I–V characteristics was 1.8 at 300 K. The spectral responsivity of heterojunction having two peaks of response located at 650 nm and 850 nm.


The 16,000 deaths every year in the United States from appendicitis are quite unnecessary. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for appendicitis, as for diphtheria, should make the mortality from either of these diseases almost negligible. In late cases, however, the analogy limps, because late in diphtheria treatment is of practically no avail, whereas in the late stages of appendicitis proper treatment is usually successful. In the early stages of appendicitis almost any kind of appendectomy will do, but in the late stages skilful technic and physiologic procedures frequently make the difference between life and death. Late and neglected cases result largely from lack of appreciation of the importance of early operation, but, though education may do much to lower the incidence of late cases, there will doubtless for various reasons always be a considerable number of them. A large percentage of patients with a ruptured or gangrenous appendix operated on


A knowledge based methodology is proposed for the content understanding and sentiment identi cation of the shared comments in social networks. The goal of this work is to retrieve the sentiment information associated to an opinion and classify it by its polarity and sentiment by means of a semantic analysis. Our approach implements knowledge graphs, similarity measures, graph theory algorithms and disambiguation processes. The results obtained were compared with data retrieved from Twitter and users' reviews in Amazon. We measured the e ciency of our contribution with precision, recall and F-measure comparing it with the traditional method of just looking up concepts in sentiment dictionaries which usually assigns averages. Moreover an analysis was carried out in order to nd the best performance for the classi cation by using polarity, sentiment and a polarity-sentiment hybrid . A study is presented for remarking the advantage of using a disambiguation process in knowledge processing.


System and method of remote access control facility comprising a control center (1) with at least one database; wherein said control center (1) is accessible via a mobile communications device (2) and is connected to a remote system (4) configured to manage the remote access to a facility.


This paper proposed a robust adaptive excitation controller based on Neural Network Disturbances Observers(NNDO) and sliding mode control for SMIB power system. Main theory result is firstly presented and then a dynamic controller is constructered for a class of general nonlinear uncertain system by using neural network and sliding mode control.Neural network is used as an estimator of external disturbances and which be compensated in the controller. Sliding mode dynamic is designed at the last step for enhancing the ability of attenuating uncertainty of the system. Finally,we apply the control strategy into SMIB power system. Simulation is performed and the result shows that the proposed controller is effective for attenuating disturbances.


Automated product recognition in retail stores is an important real-world application in the domain of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. In this paper, we consider the problem of automatically identifying the classes of the products placed on racks in retail stores from an image of the rack and information about the query/product images. We improve upon the existing approaches in terms of effectiveness and memory requirement by developing a two-stage object detection and recognition pipeline comprising of a Faster-RCNN-based object localizer that detects the object regions in the rack image and a ResNet-18-based image encoder that classifies the detected regions into the appropriate classes. Each of the models is fine-tuned using appropriate data sets for better prediction and data augmentation is performed on each query image to prepare an extensive gallery set for fine-tuning the ResNet-18-based product recognition model. This encoder is trained using a triplet loss function following the strategy of online-hard-negative-mining for improved prediction. The proposed models are lightweight and can be connected in an end-to-end manner during deployment for automatically identifying each product object placed in a rack image. Extensive experiments using Grozi-32k and GP-180 data sets verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Data Mining describes a technology that discovers non-trivial hidden patterns in a large collection of data. Although, this technology has a tremendous impact on our lives, the invaluable contribution of this invisible technology often goes unnoticed.
This paper addresses the various forms of data mining shedding light on its expanding role in enriching our life. Emerging forms of data mining are able to perform multidimensional mining on a wide variety of heterogeneous data sources, to provide solutions to many problems.
This paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages that arise from the ever-expanding scope of the data mining. Data Mining augments human intelligence by equipping us with the wealth of knowledge, empowering us to perform our daily task more effectively and efficiently. As the mining scope and capacity increases, users and organisations are now more willing (acceptable) to compromise privacy as a trade-off for gaining peace of mind and additional comforts. The huge data stores of the master miners allow them to gain deep insights about individual lifestyles, social and behavioural patterns and business and financial trends resulting in a disproportionate power distributions. Is it then possible to constrain the scope of mining while delivering the promise of better life?


Circuitry and methods, that a switchover instruction, such as Java lookup switch and table switch instructions, using a plurality of conditional branch instructions from the same instruction as a switch instruction facilitated by emulation of such instruction, It can be performed directly in the hardware. Conditional branch instruction is generated by the general switch instruction processing logic (118), to pass it possible execution logic to perform inherently conditional branch instruction (82). The amount of the same by emulating a complex switch instruction in the switch instruction processing logic using multiple conditional branch instruction from the instruction set, custom circuitry needed to be frequently fully support complex switch instruction but the switch instruction execution logic (82) within the hardware processor that is required to support the original (48) is substantially reduced. Furthermore, compared with the general software translation software emulation that need to pass control to the device, the instruction fetch logic used a number of conditional branch instructions that can be executed originally by the execution logic (82) overhead associated with emulating switch instruction in (66) provides a substantially gain in performance. .The


AbstractA simple condition for metallurgical stability in processing maps is proposed. The applicability of the stability criterion has been verified using test data ofZr-2.5Nb (wt-%) alloy with an equiaxed (α + β) preform microstructure.


A 1 Tb/s option is demonstrated with 4 subcarriers on the 50 GHz grid, modulated with 43GBd PM-16QAM using a 40 Gb/s GaAs I/Q modulator module. 6dB of OSNR margins are obtained with transmission over 480km SMF.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the career routes and advancement procedures for both academic and support staff in English universities and the extent to which these might constitute barriers to progression.Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted in four universities, two pre‐1992 universities and two post‐1992 universities, based in one region of England. Secondary data were collected in the form of equality monitoring statistics and documentation relating to the universities' advancement procedures. Primary data were collected through 26 semi‐structured interviews with senior people involved in decision‐making about promotions. These included HR specialists and senior academics such as Deans, Pro Vice‐Chancellors and Vice‐Chancellors.Findings – The research shows that women are now progressing well to the promoted lecturer grade, but that their careers stall beyond this level. Women's less developed research profile is the main impediment to them gaining professori...


We analyze the behavior of the Barvinok estimator of the hafnian of even dimension, symmetric matrices with non negative entries. We introduce a condition under which the Barvinok estimator achieves sub-exponential errors, and show that this condition is almost optimal. Using that hafnians count the number of perfect matchings in graphs, we conclude that Barvinok's estimator gives a polynomial-time algorithm for the approximate (up to subexponential errors) evaluation of the number of perfect matchings.


In the oligosaccharide recovery from potato starch wastewaters by the membranes process was experimentally studied.The wastewaters by electrodialysis desalination was experimentally studied.The operation of electrodialysis was evaluated with different operation voltaged,electric current and flow of diluted and concentrated compartment in the desalination process of the wastewaters.The tendency analysis of conductivity,pH and sugar had indicated.That electrodialysis was a feasible operation for the desalination.Run after 30min,the desalination efficiency was more than 95% and the ratio of sugar was less than 5%.The results proved that electrodialysis was a feasible method for potato starch wastewaters desalination.This study provided a basis for industrialization of desalination.


In mc-silicon the minority carrier diffusion length (L) is improved by external gettering or hydrogenation techniques. LBIC maps show that L increases except in "bad regions" which contain large densities of defects and impurities. It is proposed to use two steps: first gettering (1) then hydrogenation (2). Step (1): P diffusion at 850/spl deg/C, for 20 min, from a POC13 source, at low pressure (200 mbars), followed by a slow cool down to 700/spl deg/C; step (2): post-gettering deposition of a SiN-H antireflection coating by PECVD at 350/spl deg/C, followed by metallisation and firing at 700/spl deg/C. After step(1) L achieves 200 to 220 /spl mu/m, out of "bad regions". After a subsequent step(2) the recombination strength of extended defects is neatly reduced, especially in the bad regions, giving rise to an increase of the conversion efficiency by 1.5 to 3 percent absolute.


Egg size remains one of the major factors that qualify eggs for successful hatchability. Ninety (90) Quail eggs were labelled, weighed and sorted into small (8.91g averagely), medium (9.80g averagely) and large (10.76g averagely) with thirty eggs per size. The eggs were incubated at 99.7°F and 83.5%RH in the setter with 98.5°Fand 85%RH in the Hatcher. Final egg weights were noted prior to transfer into the Hatcher. The unhatched eggs were opened to determine causes of embryonic mortality based on developmental stage at which the death occurred. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The egg weight losses in gram and percentage were not significantly (P>0.05) different across all egg sizes. Hatchability of 31.25%, 47.32% and 45.00%, embryonic mortality of 68.75, 52.68% and 55.00%, Dead in germ of 50.00%, 40.18% and 45.00%, Dead in shell of 18.75%, 12.5% and 10.00%, hatching weights of 5.74g, 6.15g and 7.15g respectively for small medium and large eggs. It was concluded that egg size does not influence weight loss rather it influences fertility and hatchability. The medium sized eggs are recommended when higher hatchability is desired in hatchery operation while the large eggs are preferred when higher chicks' weights are desired.


water retention cellulose ABSTRACT Among the increation of populatio, the property industry is also growing. These developments followed with the development of building material products such as cement. One developing innovation is instant cement. Instant cement is a mixture of cement with a certain composition with additional additive materials to increase the concrete produced. In this study an experiment was conducted on instant cement by varying the levels addition of additives methyl cellulose by 0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3% and variations in the ratio of water:cement 1: 4, 1: 2 and 3: 4. Tests carried out on instant cement samples were water retention tests and compressive strength tests, to see the effect of the addition of methyl cellulose and variations in the ratio of water:cement. Obtained a variation of the water:cement ratio 1:2 produces a compressive strength higher than the variation in the other ratio of water:cement. The addition of additive as much as 0.3% resulted higher water retention with the variation of water:cement rations 1:4. kerta saring disajikan saring additif cellulose variasi


In order to increase band width and improve mobility of internet traffic,the people tryg to construct internet over satellity.Due to the high BER,much delay and channel asymmetry of satellite network,the performance of TCP is not perfect.In this article,we introduce FEC scheme and ARQ schemes to improve TCP.


35 Designing an eHealth clinical management system for young people with inflammatory bowel disease: Consensus opinion of patients, parents, and clinicians on topics for inclusion JL PIPICELLA,* A VERNON-ROBERTS, S DUTT, E GILES,** RB GEARRY, A DAY, DW CARTER, SJ CONNOR, JM ANDREWS *Faculty of Medicine (SWS Clinical School), University of New South Wales, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Crohn's Colitis Cure, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, **Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Gastroenterology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics, Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Stratos Technology Partners, Christchurch, New Zealand


Loan Agreement—Second Northeast Basic Health Services Project (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 26 September 1990


The aim of this paper is to discuss substrate interferences and descriptionbe the use of word orders in the non-verbal sentences of the Gezer Amama letters, whether it be in the normal SPC (Subject-PredicateComplement) word order or in deviations from it. To my knowledge, this is an area of syntax which to date has only been investigated for the Byblos and Amqi Amama letters.


The use of design patterns proved successful in lowering the development time and number of errors when producing software with the object-oriented paradigm. Now the need for a reuse technique is occurrin g for the emergent agent paradigm, for which a great effort is currently spending in methodology defin itions. In this work we present our experiences in the identific ation, descr iption, production and use of agents patterns. A repository of patterns was enriched dur ing these years so to request a classification criteria and a documentation template useful to help user during the selection.


In the Post Occupancy Evaluation(POE) of Winter City Commercial Building, the author, taking the building users (shoppers and managers) as the evaluation subjects, explored all kinds of environment involved in the use, and analyzed the environment evaluation standards, to establish POE system of winter city commercial building.


The SEM analysis, the metallographic analysis, the microhardness and the mechanic resistance before and after recycling treatment, are compared with the analysis made on a bracket earlier produced by the same firm.


Due to the high spatial resolution requirements for urban information systems, aerial photography has been used as standard imaging input. The advent of new satellites with a resolution of better than 1m (e.g., IKONOS, Quickbird) and digital airborne scanners with excellent geometric fidelity and high spatial resolutions in the cm range (e.g., HRSC, ADS, DMC), however, challenges the analog airphoto techniques. These airborne and spaceborne high resolution sensors offer an advanced potential for generating and updating GIS databases especially for urban areas. Moreover, digital airborne stereo sensors are capable of producing digital surface models (DSM) by automated techniques. Coupled with differential GPS and inertial navigation systems (INS), these sensors generate georeferenced ultra high resolution multispectral image data together with their accompanying DSM. Another source of 3D information for city modeling are laser scanning (LIDAR) sensors which produce accurate height information of high and very high resolution. This paper presents an overview of the new sensor developments and examples of integrated processing. Highest resolution for all sensors is obtained in their panchromatic mode whereas the multispectral information is acquired at lower resolutions. The ratio between the panchromatic and the multispectral resolution is usually in the order of 1:2 to 1:8. Especially for vegetation analyses and urban sprawl quantification, multispectral information is a mandatory requirement. To obtain multispectral image data with high spatial resolution, multispectral and panchromatic images have to be merged (pansharpening). Image transforms such as the Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) or Principal Component (PC) transforms are widely used to fuse panchromatic images of high spatial resolution with multispectral images of lower resolution. These techniques create multispectral images of higher spatial resolution but usually at the cost that these transforms do not preserve the original color or spectral characteristics of the input image data. The FZG has developed a new method for image fusion that is based on the standard IHS transform combined with filtering in the Fourier domain. This method preserves the spectral characteristics of the lower resolution images. Using this spectral characteristics preserving fusion method, multispectral images can be pansharpened without changing their spectral characteristics.


A finite strain constitutive model for orthotropic metals was developed within a consistent thermodynamic framework of irreversible process in this paper. The important features of this formulation are the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient and a new decomposition of deviatoric and spherical parts of Mandel stress tensor. The elastic free energy function and the yield fucntion are defined within and invariant theory. The Hill's yield criterion was adopted and the thermally-micromechanical based model, Mechanical Threshold Model (MTS) was used as a referential curve. The model complexity was further extended by coupling the formulation with the shock Equation of State (EOS). The proposed formulation was then implemented into the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory-DYNA3D code and validated against the available experimental data of Taylor Cylinder Impact test of commercial aluminium alloy AA7010. The proposed constitutive model showed a good agreement with respect to the reference experimental data.


The invention discloses an isolated IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) driving circuit with an overcurrent protection function. The driving circuit comprises an RS latch, a switch-on circuit, a switch-off circuit, an optical coupler and an overcurrent protection circuit, wherein the RS latch comprises two negative and gates; one end of the switch-on circuit is connected with a driving signal through the optical coupler, and the other end of the switch-on circuit is connected with the grid of an IGBT; the G-E end voltage clamp of the IGBT is at +15V for switching the IGBT on rapidly; the switch-off circuit is connected with the source of the IGBT; the G-E end voltage clamp of the IGBT is at -5V for switching the IGBT off quickly; the overcurrent protection circuit is connected with the drain of the IGBT; and the RS latch is connected with the optical coupler, so that the optical coupler is always in the conducting state. Due to the adoption of the way, the IGBT can be switched off immediately when the circuit is under overcurrent, the IGBT is prevented from being damaged, and the driving circuit is protected effectively.


Four individual high-resolution X-ray images from ROSAT and the Einstein Observatory have been used to measure the expansion rate of the remnant of Kepler's supernova (SN 1604). Highly significant measurements of the expansion have been made for time baselines varying from 5.5 to 17.5 yr. All measurements are consistent with a current expansion rate averaged over the entire remnant of 0.239% yr-1,which, when combined with the known age of the remnant, determines the expansion parameter m, defined as R ∝ tm, to be 0.93. The error bars on these results include both statistical (first pair of errors) and systematic (second pair) uncertainty. According to this result, the X-ray remnant is expanding at a rate that is remarkably close to free expansion and nearly twice as fast as the mean expansion rate of the radio remnant. The expansion rates as a function of radius and azimuthal angle are also presented based on two ROSAT images that were registered to an accuracy better than 0.″5. Significant radial and azimuthal variations that appear to arise from the motion of individual X-ray knots are seen. The high expansion rate of the X-ray remnant appears to be inconsistent with currently accepted dynamical models for the evolution of Kepler's SNR.


Chapter 9 constitutes a critical examination of Noah Lemos's contribution to this volume (see Chapter 8). It addresses Lemos's defense of G. E. Moore's principle of organic unities against three objections. The first objection concerns what is involved in contributing to the intrinsic value of a state of affairs; the second concerns a kind of evaluative schizophrenia; and the third concerns the concept of evaluative inadequacy. Lemos's response to the third objection is examined at length, and it is argued that this response may not succeed in defeating the objection, in which case the problem of evil may not be as easy to solve as some theodicists have suggested,


As a nursing student there will be many first times - first injection, first catheter, first death. And, with each new first, your skill increases along with your confidence.


We propose a size analysis procedure that combines testing and type checking to automatically obtain static output-on-input size dependencies for first-order functions. Attention is restricted to functions for which the size of the result is strictly polynomial, not necessarily monotonous, in the sizes of the arguments. To infer a size dependency, the procedure generates hypotheses for increasing degrees of polynomials. For each degree, a polynomial is defined by a finite number of points. Based on interpolation theory, in this paper we establish an upper bound on the number of test runs and a correct choice of test data that guarantees that all polynomials representing sizes of output lists can be found. The resulting hypothesis is then checked using an existing type checking procedure. The procedure is not tied to the current size-aware type checker. The size-aware type of a function will be inferred if it exists and if it is accepted by a size-aware type checker. For terminating functions, our size-aware type inference procedure is complete with respect to type checking: if a function is well-types, then the inference procedure terminates and produces corresponding size dependencies.


The British writer Bruce Chatwin (1940-1989) built his literary work taking as a starting point the philosophical inquiry summarized in the question: why do men travel instead of staying at home? Neither his life neither his literary career can be understood without taking into consideration this interrogation that characterized him and that questioned the classification of his books. This article intends to place Chatwin's work in the genre of travel literature and explain the roots of his literary yearning throughout his motives and the evolution of travel literature throughout the 20th century.


Prince Hamlet was handsome,wise and powerful before the tragedy,however,after the suffering from life disaster and the betray of kinship and friendship,Hamlet was full of poetic passion and was depicted with ornate phraseology by Shakespear to eulogize the nature and humanity.Hamlet's hesitative disposition and his delayed revenge make the tragedy complicated and confusing.The article starts from the image of Hamlet,expounds the causes of his madness and melancholy from the aspects such as the transmutation after he experienced the tragedy,the transformation of his personality and the variability of love,and aims to have a deeper understanding of hamlet's hesitative disposition.


Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of humans. It is one of the most common causes of non-viral sexually transmitted diseases in the world . Trichmoniasis has important medical, social , and economical implication, with an estimated 180 million infection acquired annually worldwide. The aim of the study was to characterize the systemic immune response in women with trichomoniasis as compared with uninfected women, by assess serum concentrations of cytokines, (IL- 2, IL-8 and (TNF)-alpha) and (CRP) were compared between infected and uninfected women. Methods and patients: the study was carried out during the period from January to may, 2013. A total of 50 cases of infected women with trichomonasis, these patients have complained of clinical and laboratory diagnosis of T. vaginalis were included in this study and 30 healthy women. From infected and healthy women vaginal swab was carefully collected and five ml was the total blood collected from each clinical suspected woman with T.vaginalis infection and non-suspected women(as control group). The samples were vaginal swab was collected from patients using two sterile swab s, first swab used for direct microscopic examination , while the second swab was used for osom trichomonas rapid test, then quantify specific cytokine concentration (IL-2, IL-8 , TNF- alpha and CRP ) in the patient's serum, ELISA kit was used. Result: In this study 50 women recorded infected with T.vaginalis and 30 healthy women (as control) detected by strip test .The total sera level of IL-2, TNF-Alpha and CRP showed significant difference ( p<0.05) between patients and controls respectively104.50± 6.82, 103.74± 6.47and 1.07±0.05 VS 55.73± 3.74 , 60.63±4.12 and 0.406± 0.04. Conclusion: there is a significant increase in IL-2, TNF- alpha and CRP concentration in the serum of women infected with T. vaginalis in comparison with the controls. This indicates a stimulation of the humoral immune response during the infection with T. vaginalis. This may provide directions and insights that could prove critical to the prevention or treatment of this important disease.


Pedestrian-based mobile sensing enables a large number of urban-centric use cases in the areas of intelligent mobility, smart city, and crowd management. With increasing standardization in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication to increase localized environmental awareness, i.e. cooperative perception (CP), a technological basis is already heavily discussed. Work in this area is usually directed toward road safety use cases. However, the same technologies could also be applied to pedestrian-centric applications in urban areas. Use cases like spatiotemporal density maps of pedestrians for public transportation optimization or urban route planning are such examples. This paper introduces an opportunistic decentralized mobile crowd sensing (MCS) approach where arbitrary measurement quantities are collected, aggregated, and disseminated in decentralized pedestrian measurement maps (DPMM). The sensing, dissemination, and aggregation are driven by mobile devices, without the need for centralized aggregation and dissemination infrastructure. By utilizing cellular sidelink communication (i.e. via the PC5 interface in 5G/6G systems) and node-local aggregation, the perception of the environment can be directly shared with neighboring nodes. The described DPMM approach is evaluated using CrowNet, an open-source simulation framework based on OMNeT++/INET by employing several detailed simulation studies: first, using a synthetic measurement quantity with a linear change rate behavior and second, a real use case concerning decentralized pedestrian density measurements. The results indicate that DPMM can provide spatiotemporal maps of the local area with a high level of detail and low delay – close to the optimum achievable in a specific mobility situation – while only requiring a moderate amount of cellular bandwidth.


Abstract Diplom-Thesis Wiebke Schumann

Etching and characterization of structures with high aspect ratios in
silicon using the example of vertical interconnects

Vertical interconnects in silicon micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS)
are needed to connect the front and backsides of silicon chips. This thesis
gives a literature overview over deep etching of silicon and describes a
procedure to set up a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) recipe of silicon
for vias of a depth of more than 300 ?m with 30 ?m diameter. In contrast to
many other publications, this paper does not focus on plasma parameters,
which are mostly interdependent. The approach presented here starts from
the directly adjustable variables of the etching recipe thus allowing
better process manipulation by the operator. To obtain best results with a
minimum of experiments the process development was done by Design of
Experiments (DoE) and empiric models for all target parameters were
developed.

It was found that the throttle valve position (determining the chamber
pressure) is the most important parameter, followed by the interaction of
oxygen content and cycle ratio. Wafer temperature control is crucial for
obtaining reproducible results, especially for recipes with considerable
thermal load.


Background: Nurses are the key members of the health-care team and play an important role in the assessment of the patients' problems. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Iranian nurses' self-reported mastery and use of musculoskeletal assessment skills. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 on 200 nurses in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire including a demographic data form and 16 self-report items on nurses' mastery in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. The levels of self-reported mastery and use of the musculoskeletal assessment skills in patient care were assessed. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Nurses obtained 83.25% of the score in the area of using health history taking skills, while they obtained 86.94% of the score of mastery in this field. Furthermore, nurses gained 33.77% of the score in the area of using physical examination skills, while they gained 44.53% of the score of mastery in this area. The most commonly used musculoskeletal assessment skills were "checking the range of motion of the joints" and "checking muscle strength" that were used in 20.5% of cases. However, nurses rarely used specific tests such as the Patrick's, ballottement, and Lasègue tests. A significant direct correlation was found between nurses' self-reported mastery in musculoskeletal assessment skills and the use of these skills (r = 0.44, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the desirable levels of nurses' self-reported mastery and use of history taking skills, the level of their self-reported mastery and use of musculoskeletal assessment skills are not satisfactory.


A patient with a ring chromosome 13 is presented and compared with previously reported cases analyzed by banding techniques. The patient displayed many of the clinical stigmata characteristic of the ring 13 syndrome. By analyses of early mitotic stages (prometaphase and late prophase chromosomes), the breakpoint on the long arm of chromosome 13 was tentatively localized to band q33, and an attempt at phenotype-karyotype correlation was made.


The work studies the stability problem of networked control systems (NCSs) exposed to various imperfections, including scheduling protocols, transmission intervals, and delays by using hybrid systems tools. First of all, the above-mentioned NCSs are converted into hybrid control systems. Then under a weaker assumption, the authors construct a novel Lyapunov function to derive a less conservative sufficient condition for the uniform global asymptotic stability of the systems. Furthermore, they derive useful upper bounds for the maximum allowable transmission interval and maximum allowable delay, which significantly improve the existing results. Finally, some examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theorem.


denced or illustrated in this book, however. For instance, the author argues that "[i]n the late 1930s, Taiwan was a significant model for Japanese colonial medicine in the medical circles of the empire" (p. 147). While the ensuing discussion provides an interesting overview of the developments of colonial medicine in Manchuria, Shanghai, Korea and other Japanese colonies, it is not always clear how Taiwan served as a model in these cases. To be sure, in this and other similar instances, the author's claims are often entirely plausible, but more evidence and elaboration are desired. On a lesser note, several mistakes regarding the Romanization of Japanese words are found and should be corrected for the next edition. Theoretically, Liu does a good job of refuting the perspectives that over-emphasize either the positive or the negative aspects of colonial medicine, but his proposed alternative theory appears less clearly developed. Liu likens his theoretical position to those taken by David Arnold, Warwick Anderson and myself (p. 168). His clear self-positioning in the field provides a good roadmap for the book, but it would have been even more useful if he could have elaborated on how he engages with, and extends beyond, existing theoretical frameworks. Still, Liu's goal to strike the right balance between theoretical patterns and historical contingencies gestures at an important, if challenging, research direction in social histories, a direction similar to what Elizabeth Clemens calls for in "Toward a Historicized Sociology: Theorizing Events, Processes, and Emergence" (Annual Review of Sociology, No. 33, 2007, pp. 527–49). He has laid solid groundwork for an explicit and coherent theoretical framework, even if the latter is not fully articulated. In short, Prescribing Colonization is a welcome addition to the growing scholarship on Japanese colonialism, colonial medicine and Taiwanese social histories.


The self-healing microcapsule of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) as the core material and poly (urea formaldehyde) (PUF) as the wall material can be doped into dielectric materials for the self-healing. However, the doping of excessive PUF microcapsules into polyethylene (PE) materials can accelerate the aging of composites. The diffusion of O2 into PE/PUF composites was studied to improve the anti-aging property of materials. Three PE/PUF doped models with varying PUF concentrations and one PE/PUF/SiO2 doped model were designed. MSD and diffusion coefficient of O2 were calculated and analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that the diffusion of O2 accelerated when the PUF concentration exceeded 10%. But it can inhibit the diffusion of O2 by adding nano-SiO2 into PE/PUF composites. It was found that there were hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces between polymers (PE and PUF) and nano-SiO2 by analyzing the internal mechanism. Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces made polymers chains absorb on the surface of nano-SiO2 and reduced the distances between polymers chains, thereby inhibit diffusion of O2 and improved the anti-aging property of composites.


According to the requirements of the extension project of the second phase 2×1 000 MW unit in some coal-fired power plant,the paper has the detailed illustration on the structure design for the circulating water pump house and the construction scheme,and points out feasible and reliable scheme for the structure design and the extension construction of the circulating water pump house,based on current condition and hydrogeology of the power plant.


: In cars and other four wheeler vehicles, wiper is an essential component to clean the wind shield so that driver can drive safely. Previously the wipers of vehicle are turned on and off manually and the driver needs to switch on and off the control stalk. This is very risky process as driver has to concentrate on driving [1]. The system proposed here is similar with the other conventional wiper systems. At the place of switch the whole system is made automatic. Two types of sensors are used in this system to detect the water drop. The wiper operation is controlled by Microcontroller control unit. The system works by both way viz manually and automatically.


In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of using long short-term memory (LSTM) instead of Kalman filtering to do prediction for the purpose of constructing dynamic energy management (DEM) algorithms in chip multi-processors (CMPs). Either of the two prediction methods is employed to estimate the workload in the next control period for each of the processor cores. These estimates are then used to select voltage-frequency (VF) pairs for each core of the CMP during the next control period as part of a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique. The objective of the DVFS technique is to reduce energy consumption under performance constraints that are set by the user. We conduct our investigation using a custom Sniper system simulation framework. Simulation results for 16 and 64 core network-on-chip based CMP architectures and using several benchmarks demonstrate that the LSTM is slightly better than Kalman filtering.


An experimental Aerodynamic and Aero-Acoustic loads data base was obtained at transonic Mach numbers for the Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle configured with the ASRM Solid Rocket Boosters as an increment to the current flight configuration (RSRB). These data were obtained during transonic wind tunnel tests (IA 613A) conducted in the Arnold Engineering Development Center 16-Foot transonic propulsion wind tunnel from March 27, 1991 through April 12, 1991. This test is the first of a series of two tests covering the Mach range from 0.6 to 3.5. Steady state surface static and fluctuating pressure distributions over the Orbiter, External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters of the Shuttle Integrated Vehicle were measured. Total Orbiter forces, Wing forces and Elevon hinge moments were directly measured as well from force balances. Two configurations of Solid Rocket Boosters were tested, the Redesigned Solid Rocket Booster (RSRB) and the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM). The effects of the position (i.e., top, bottom, top and bottom) of the Integrated Electronics Assembly (IEA) box, mounted on the SRB attach ring, were obtained on the ASRM configured model. These data were obtained with and without Solid Plume Simulators which, when used, matched as close as possible the flight derived pressures on the Orbiter and External Tank base. Data were obtained at Mach numbers ranging from 0.6 to 1.55 at a Unit Reynolds Number of 2.5 million per foot through model angles of attack from -8 to +4 degrees at sideslip angles of 0, +4 and -4 degrees.


ABSTRACT We develop an "arithmetic" of -type vectors in order to discuss the relationship between -type vectors and Hilbert functions. We then use this arithmetic to determine for which Hilbert functions it is true that every set of points with that Hilbert function has the Cayley-Bacharach Property. As a second application, we determine the degree of every point in a -configuration.


OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the prevalence of peptic ulcers and Helicobactor pylori reinfection 5 years after H. pylori eradication.

METHODS:  One thousand and six adults were randomly sampled from the general population in a high-incidence region of gastric cancer. Of these, 552 subjects were confirmed to be H. pylori-positive by using both the rapid urease test and the Warthin−Starry stain. All H. pylori-positive subjects were randomly divided into two groups: (i) the eradication group, who received 1 week of omeprazole-based triple therapy; and (ii) the control group, who received placebo tablets. Four weeks after the cessation of treatment, 13C-urea breath tests demonstrated that H. pylori had been successfully eradicated in 88.9% of patients in the eradication group, whereas 96.4% of patients remained H. pylori positive in the control group. Subjects in both groups were followed up using endoscopy at the end of the first and fifth year after treatment. The H. pylori infection status was determined by using the rapid urease test and Warthin−Starry staining.

RESULTS:  The response rates to endoscopy at the end of the first and fifth year were 89.3 and 83.11%, respectively. The prevalence of peptic ulcers in the eradication group and control group were 9.87 and 7.61% before treatment, 3.70 and 12.58% 1 year after treatment (P < 0.05), and 5.86 and 14.93% 5 years after treatment (P < 0.05), respectively. The recurrence rates of peptic ulcers in the eradication group and the control group were 3.70 and 38.10% 1 year after treatment, and 14.81 and 42.86% 5 years after treatment, respectively. The rates of H. pylori infection 1 and 5 years after treatment in the eradication group were 13.58, and 19.82%, respectively. In the control group, the rates of H. pylori infection were 91.97 and 83.26% 1 and 5 years after treatment, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:  The prevalence of peptic ulcers decreased significantly after the eradication of H. pylori. The reinfection rate after H. pylori eradication was 4−5% per year. Helicobacter pylori infection status remained constant in almost 85% of cases.


In this paper we study the dynamical instability of Sakai-Sugimoto's holographic QCD model at finite baryon density. In this model, the baryon density, represented by the smeared instanton on the world volume of the probe D8-D8 mesonic brane, sources the world-volume electric field, and through the Chern-Simons term it will induce the instability to form a chiral helical wave at sufficient high density. Our results show that this kind of instability occurs for sufficiently high baryon number densities. The phase diagram of holographic QCD will thus be changed from the one which is based only on thermodynamics.


In British Universities one duty that is a trial for the academic staff is to be asked to invigilate at examinations. Up to 3 hours watching students take exams in total silence, sometimes with lit...


The focus of this article is on the lifetime development of people with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and specifically on the neurobehavioral phenotype. We consider studies of this aspect of the phenotype (the "behavioral phenotype" of the syndrome) that have confirmed that there are specific behaviors and psychiatric disorders, the propensities to which are increased in those with PWS, and cannot be accounted for by other variables such as IQ or adaptive behavior. Beginning with a description of what is observed in people with PWS, we review the evolving PWS phenotype and consider how some aspects of the phenotype might be best explained, and how this complex phenotype may relate to the equally complex genotype. We then consider in more detail some of the neurobehavioral aspects of the phenotype listed above that raise the greatest management problems for parents and carers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Based on the exact solution of one-dimensional Fermi gas systems with $SU(n)$ symmetry in a hard wall, we demonstrate that we are able to sort the ordering of the lowest energy eigenvalues of states with all allowed permutation symmetries, which can be solely marked by certain quantum numbers in the Bethe ansatz equations. Our results give examples beyond the scope of the generalized Lieb-Mattis theorem, which can only compare the ordering of energy levels of states belonging to different symmetry classes if they are comparable according to the pouring principle. In the strongly interacting regime, we show that the ordering of energy levels can be determined by an effective spin-exchange model and extend our results to the non-uniform system trapped in the harmonic potential.


Monitoring industrial systems in real time raises some cognitive problems especially due to the important number of alerts that must be aggregate by the monitoring system itself and prioritized by operators. Among other senses (vision and sound), color may bring valuable insights to operators for quickly understanding alerts and appropriately react. In our case of supervising interfaces in real time of oil exploitation, the operators have safety constraints concerning environment, machines and human. It is necessary to bring into focus the situation quickly to the operator so that he/she acts. In order to assist the operator during his/her activity and to limit his/her cognitive effort, the supervision interfaces are equipped with alerts which have several important levels like "danger", "critic", "weak anomaly" or "no problem". We perform an experiment focuses on the comparison of three alert colour tested on a supervision interface by users used to this interface types. Our results prove that one alarm color code is 47% more efficient in terms of time reaction of testers. This best colour is a "red gradation" i.e. from bright red for the "danger" alert to white for the "no problem" alert. This alert type is not only efficient for the supervision, but also for a strategic or piloting dashboard, even personal dashboard as personal expenses management.


La Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado (SCPM) in their quest to incorporate new technologies, has developed a mobile application to determine the exact location of pharmacies, as a first stage those found in the city of Quito and this form verify they abide or fail to comply the law before the state.
The web application management's main purpose to help manage information from pharmacies whether independent or chain. In addition economic operator's pharmaceuticals may enter and update their information through this application.
The chapters contained in this document are described below.
In the first chapter is detailed the information corresponding to La Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado, his objectives and reason to be. It also describes the different theoretical contents that have been investigated and are of interest for the development of web and mobile applications of the project.
The second chapter refers to the requirements requested in the first instance by the client, which were reflected by a design methodology software development with his corresponding diagrams.
In the third chapter the technologies and tools that have been used for coding and implementation of applications, which were subsequently tested for obtaining the performance and functionality, ending with the respective conclusions and recommendations of the work developed.


The medium and small sized enterprises function has given rise to attention of various countries more and more in economic development. It is the difficult problem that govenments of various countries have to face how to solve the financing bottleneck problem in the development of medium and small sized enterprises. With international experiences as reference, China should set up the perfect financing system in order to promote the development of the MSSFS.


Virtualisation technologies have become increasingly more popular in the higher education sector in recent years. They will likely have a significant impact on the educational environment in the future. The virtualisation concept give many benefits and opportunities like desktop virtualisation with the help of zero client machines which not only reduces the cost of infrastructure but also introduces green computing by limiting energy consumption. In this paper we will show the potential of virtualisation and its applications in institutions of higher education. The main purpose of the paper is to discuss the issues of IT infrastructure optimisation especially from the economic point of view. It describes also a case study of the deployment of a model solution in the Wroclaw University of Economics which includes over 400 zero client terminals and 500 virtualised systems.


Attractiveness has become a widely used concept in planning and public policy the last 15 years in Sweden. However, there is no broad definition of attractiveness and thus it is subject to interpretation. To understand how and why it can be interpreted differently this thesis will investigate how two different municipalities with comparable physical factors but otherwise different socio-economical contexts interpret attractiveness and how this is manifested in their planning and strategies. The research question is therefore: What does attractiveness mean for Lomma and Landskrona municipality, and how is it manifested in their strategies and planning?

To develop a broad depiction of attractiveness three different scientists with distinctive takes on attractiveness were used; Richard Florida, Roland Andersson and Thomas Niedomysl. Using a phenomenological approach, qualitative interviews were made with the chief planner in each municipality. As a complement to the interviews, a document analysis was made on the last three municipal plans and two additional policy documents from each municipality.

The empirical work shows that attractiveness is interpreted and manifested in different ways. A broader approach of attractiveness with emphasis on soft factors, such as good schools, is practised in Lomma to ensure that its residents continue to find it attractive. Landskrona municipality has a more concrete stance on attractiveness, as physical buildings, and uses it as a solution to their socioeconomic problems by building attractive condominium by the sea and in socioeconomically poorer neighbourhoods. Conclusively, the planning process can be operationalized differently depending on underlying factors as the socio-economical context, history and politics.


The Mouth is the mirror of the human body that reflects systemic disorders, and various systemic pathologiesfind expression in the oral region. Oral manifestations may be the initial feature or the only presenting signin mucocutaneous diseases. Mucocutaneous disorders share two features in common: An immune-mediatedpathogenesis and possibly common clinical appearance termed as 'Desquamative gingivitis'. Desquamativegingivitis is mostly a manifestation of a wide array of vesiculobullous disorders; however, it may also resultdue to endocrine disturbances, chronic infections, and allergic/chemical reactions. Hereby, presenting a caseof oral lichen planus with Desquamative gingivitis as the sole manifestation in a 35-year-old female patient.


This paper elaborates on the emergence of so-called Advance Pricing Agreements (APA) in international taxation and corresponding APA programs in individual countries. It refers to how globalizing business processes trigger governance change on the nation state level regarding the identification and allocation of the tax base of multinational companies. The introduction of APA programs and the generation of APAs are considered to be an example of such governance change. On the basis of a governance choice model, the paper seeks to identify factors which might explain variation in the evolution of national APA programs and the implementation of individual APAs between the taxpayer and the tax authorities. Differences in institutions, economic conditions, and the actors involved are important in explaining variation across countries. Note: For softcopy of this paper, please contact the author - email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis and meningitis and is involved in a significant proportion of cases of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. In addition, there is evidence that the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has increased. There is now concern over the increasing resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and macrolides and the appearance of strains with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. As a result, there is a need for new agents with good activity against S. pneumoniae, especially those which can be administered orally. As an antibiotic class, fluoroquinolones have been available for use for over two decades. However, in the last 10 years the pharmaceutical industry has poured considerable resources into producing new fluoroquinolones aimed at improving upon the shortcomings of their predecessors, particularly in terms of potency and spectrum of activity. Although there have been several recent and well-publicized casualties in this area, most notably temafloxacin, trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin, others, such as levofloxacin and sparfloxacin, remain available and will shortly be joined by new compounds, e.g. moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. Ciprofloxacin remains the most frequently used of the older fluoroquinolone agents. The newer fluoroquinolones offer a possible solution to the emerging problems in pneumococcal disease but there has been a cautious response to their introduction based on previous negative experience with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pneumococcal infection. Some authors have since challenged this perception of ciprofloxacin. In a recent article in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Legg & Bint urge caution in respect of fluoroquinolones in pneumococcal infection but we feel there are arguments for regarding the newer agents as potentially useful in this clinical setting. When MICs are compared, there are many data showing that the new quinolones have greater in vitro activity than ciprofloxacin against S. pneumoniae. In many studies these differences were large; for example, trovafloxacin was found to be 16-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin in one study, although others have recorded smaller differences. This advantage of new fluoroquinolones is retained in strains of S. pneumoniae with a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.5 mg/L). However, simply examining MIC data may not be appropriate, as fluoroquinolones exhibit both concentration-dependent bacterial killing and a post-antibiotic effect. Evidence suggests that the relationship between the MIC and the effective concentration of the antibiotic at the site of infection is the variable best linked to clinical outcome. With the exception of cerebrospinal fluid, the newer quinolones are widely distributed throughout the body, with preferential concentration in the respiratory compartment. Pharmacokinetic data also support the superiority of newer fluoroquinolones over ciprofloxacin, with the former possessing greater oral bioavailability and a longer serum halflife that normally allows once-daily dosing. These dual improvements shown by the new fluoroquinolones in terms of their potency and pharmacodynamics against S. pneumoniae suggest possible greater clinical effectiveness. Animal studies have demonstrated the superiority of new fluoroquinolones over ciprofloxacin in experimental pneumococcal infection and have also shown their equivalence to standard anti-pneumococcal therapy against infections caused by penicillin-sensitive strains of S. pneumoniae. Although Lacy et al. found trovafloxacin to be less active than amoxycillin against penicillinsensitive pneumococci in a murine sepsis model, it was more active than ciprofloxacin. In addition, trovafloxacin was more active than both ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin against penicillin-resistant strains. The mode of action of the new fluoroquinolones is similar to that of their predecessors with resistance in


We have analyzed performance of IARP, IERP and OSPFv2 routing protocols. The performace simulations on QualNet 5.0.2 simulator and performance of IARP, IERT and OSPFv2 routing protocols have been evaluated for varying node density (20, 40, 60, and 80) with varying speed (10, 20). The performance of these routing protocols has been analysed on the basis of performance metrics such as average end-to-end delay, average jitter and average throughput. It has been observed that IERP routing protocol outperform IARP and OSPFv2 in case of 20 nodes density in case of throughput. However, the IARP routing protocol clearly outperforma IERP and OSPFv2 routing protocols as the IARP routing protocol has shown the quite satisfactory results for averageend-to-end delay and average jitter in comparison of IERP and OSPFv2 routing protocols. Overall, the performance of all routing protocols simulated in this paper was highly affected with increasing node density and speed.


We provide a message board model for collaborative systems, and propose an architecture and protocol for securing collaborative applications over message boards. The proposed architecture employs only efficient symmetric cryptographic principles, and low complexity trust modules with each participant. The trust modules are used to protect group secrets and reduce susceptibility to denial of service attacks. We outline an architecture and elements of a protocol for Secure Collaborations over Message Boards (SCMB). The SCMB protocol can serve as a foundation over which a wide range of collaborative applications can be realised.


The radiographic report is often the primary means by which a radiologist communicates his findings to referring physicians. This written document can be instrumental in patient care and is sometimes crucial in major decisions. Against this background, the radiographic report may well take on legal significance. For these reasons, terminology must be clear and precise. Scrupulous standards are used in exposing and developing x-ray film, in performing special radiologic procedures, and in writing for professional publications. For exactly the same reasons, meticulous care should be used in the language through which radiographic findings become known to other physicians. The importance of clear communication and the numerous problems with the radiographic report have been conveyed by Friedman and others in this journal [1 -6]. Computerassisted reporting systems are now available [7-9]; nevertheless, many radiographic reports are deficient. Although formal instruction in preparing the radiographic report is provided in some radiology residencies (Figley MM, personal communication), there remains limited coverage of this topic in the radiologic literature. However, there are some signs of change. Reflecting an increasing interest in the standardization ofterms in radiology, the Fleischner Society has published a glossary of terms for use in chest radiology [1 0]. This recent publication notes that too often the choice of terminology is determined merely by personal preference and that criticism of usage is often taken as an insult. Criticizing these mores and calling for rigorous standards, this highly respected group rejects the argument that "everyone says it that way" is a justification for the misuse of terminology [10]. Structurally, the radiographic report properly includes "the identification of the subject, the examination performed, a description of the findings, and a diagnosis or impression" [1]. The description of the findings is usually an enumeration or list of what appears on the radiograph. The goal in this part is thoroughness, an identification of all relevant factors. Terminology in this section is a descriptive language that is highly technical and has been well prescribed by Friedman [2]. A problem arises in the final part, in which a radiologist presents an interpretive commentary on the data described. A number of terms are used for this commentary, and often these are used without regard to strict definition. Impression(s) is now widely used [1 , 2, 5, 1 1 ], but there are compelling reasons for changing this practice. Of the many dictionary meanings of the word (some of which are technical terms in fields such as printing and painting), those that are pertinent have literal and connotative meanings that should be avoided in the radiographic report: (1) "an effect produced on the senses; a sensation, or sense-perception, in its purely receptive aspect"; (2) "an effect, especially a strong effect, produced on the intellect, conscience, or feelings"; (3) "a notion, remembrance, or belief, impressed upon the mind; esp., in modern use, a somewhat vague or indistinct notion remaining in the mind as a survival from more distinct knowl-


With the emerging of diverse applications, power-sensitive mobile devices are facing the severe challenge of computational stress. Many researchers propose the schemes of migrating the mobile devices' computational burden to their adjacent powerful cloud servers. In these schemes, the execution context as well as the program itself must be sent to the cloud. The transfer time is the key element affecting the performance. In this paper, we propose the scheme of shrinking and reusing the migrated data to accelerate the transmission process. Besides, on the cloud side, we design a caching algorithm of IB-LRU (Importance-based LRU) to manage the migrated data. We evaluate our scheme by comprehensive experiments. Our IB-LRU algorithm surpasses traditional caching algorithms such as LRU by discriminating frequently and infrequently referenced cached data. The experiment results show that our scheme significantly improves the overall performance of mobile application migration by reducing the transmission time.


We investigated the effects of finite lengths of polymer chains on the structural and mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE) fibers with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. PE fiber models containing long but finite chains with different distributions of chain-end defects were prepared from the orthorhombic crystalline PE configuration. In our main PE fiber model, chain-end defects were uniformly spaced along the chain direction with chain ends located at boundaries of multiple crystalline regions, which is consistent with the distribution of chain ends found in semicrystalline PE. At the early stage of tensile deformations before the yield point, a mismatch of conformational preferences in the chain-end region of a chain and chain segments away from the chain-end regions in neighboring chains developed gradually. Near the yield point, this mismatch in conformational preferences triggered a yield behavior associated with chain slippage near the chain-end region and caused significant changes in ...


ABSTRACT This article investigates the direction of Granger-causality between debt and growth in the G7 countries using quarterly data from 1980 to 2013. We analyse the causal structure both in level data using the Toda and Yamamoto causality test, and with differenced data by means of dynamic impulse response analysis. Results indicate that growth causes debt rather than the other way around. We find the effect of growth on debt to be unambiguously negative in all cases of significant causality, but to be a short- to medium-run phenomenon with no lasting impact. We also find that results are sensitive to the sample period, with causality from growth to debt much more prevalent when the sample period includes the recent financial crisis.


The occupation/work-in pioneered at Clydeside and elsewhere, and campaigns to assert a degree of workers' control over the social consequences of their work initiated by the NSW builders' laborers, are shining examples in a generally bleak picture. The former tactic emerged out of a struggle to save jobs a general issue which is of continuing im portance as capitalism attempts to "restructure" its way out of recession.


Magnesium and calcium hydroxides X(OH)2 (X = Mg, Ca) are multifunctional materials that have many important applications in industry, technology, and research. In solid-state electronics, the emerging applications of these compounds are related to photovoltaic devices. In the present paper we review electronic properties of X(OH)2, band gaps, work function, and features of chemical bonding and discuss theoretically predicted exciton effects.


During a standstill is a predetermined rotational speed N3, which is used during travel at low vehicle speed is set as a minimum rotation speed Nemin (S410) which is lower than a predetermined speed N2, and when a demand for idling operation was placed (S490) , then the minimum rotation speed Nemin is set as the target rotational speed Ne * and the value 0 is set as a target torque Te * (S500), whereby a combustion engine is controlled. As a result, it is possible to improve the fuel consumption of a vehicle when the engine is operated at a standstill in the idle, as compared with a case in which the engine is operated at idle at the minimum speed Nemin for which the predetermined rotational speed N2 was set regardless of whether the vehicle is at a standstill or not.


Dimethyldioxirane was found to be an efficient and selective reagent for the mild oxidation of ketoximes to their corresponding ketones. Aldoximes are not affected under the reaction conditions.


T H E First General Meeting was held on November 4th, 1897, Mr. Talfourd Ely in the chair. Prof. E. Gardner read a paper on a vase which he was kindly permitted to publish by the authorities of the Harrow School Museum. It was the gem of the collection presented to that museum by Sir G. Wilkinson; it could be identified from description with a vase of which a tracing existed in the apparatus of the German Institute at Rome, and which was found at Vitorchiano. The main subject of the vase was the combat between Caeneus and the Centaurs: this scene was represented with extraordinary life and vigour. The foreshortening of the body of one of the Centaurs, seen from behind like the horse in the Issus mosaic, was a very bold experiment in drawing; and the faces, especially that of this same Centaur, were marked by a skill in rendering character and expression hardly ever surpassed or even equalled in Greek vase painting. The vase could only belong to the very finest school and period—to the later style of the cycle of Euphronius; in the works of this master iand his associates many similar characteristics could be found, and especially in those vases assigned by Dr. Hartwig to Onesimus. Proceeding to discuss the myth, Prof. Gardner pointed out the inconsistencies of the accepted tradition, both with itself and with artistic representations. Accepting Mannhardt's explanation of the battle of the Centaurs and Lapiths as derived from the common present belief that the devastation wrought by storms is the result of a conflict between the spirits of the wood, he looked for the origin of the Caeneus story in rites connected with such spirits, and pointed out evidence that the tale of the burial of Caeneus was derived from one of those human sacrifices that so often seem to have been associated with pine trees in Greece [J.H.S. vol. xvii. p. 294].—Mr. G. B. Grundy then read a paper on Salamis. He expressed surprise that the main thesis of Prof. Goodwin's paper, published in the Journal of the Archaeological Institute of America in 1882-3, n d not been accepted in recent histories of Greece. He thought, however, that Prof. Goodwin had failed to show that Herodotus's account is, as it stands, in favour of that scheme of the battle for which Prof. Goodwin argues. Herodotus seems to have had at his disposal information which was in its essential characteristics similar to the first-hand information of Aeschylus and the second-hand information of Diodorus, but to have used it mistakenly. He antedates the first movement of the Persian


Comparative administrative law is a long-standing discipline. The study of other administrative law systems both in order to understand one's own system better and to find models for improvement has been occurring for over 150 years. It is closely bound up with national institutions and traditions, as well as national constitutional values and ways of operating. Any comparative approach has to take full account of the institutional context in which a particular problem or procedure occurs and to ensure that full account of these nationally specific features is taken before any attempt is made to generalize or compare. This article describes the scope of the subject, the values served by administrative law, and influences shaping administrative law. It also compares the powers, organizations, and procedures of the administration, as well as legal redress.