Two field experiments were conducted at El-Serw Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during  2012 and 2013 seasons to study the effect of 5 concentrations of dry yeast ( Saccharomyces cervisia ) i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/L as foliar application at  25, 55 and 85 days after sowing on growth characters, yield and its components of Giza 178, Sakha 105 and Sakha 106  rice cultivars. The produced seeds obtained from the field experiment were investigated under Laboratory condition to study seed quality characters) seed, seedling vigor and its health) at Seed Technology Research Unit in Mansoura, Egypt.  Results revealed that Giza 178 cv. was significantly thumping as compared with other studied cultivars in all studied characters of both growth and yield components. Maximum growth and yield components were produced from foliar spraying with 6 or 8 g/L dry yeast where show enhancement in heading date, plant height, number of tillers, and increased dray matter,  number of panicles, panicle length, 1000 grain weight  and grain yield with high significant in both seasons.  The data of seed  and seedling vigor test showed that Giza 178 cv. gave the highest values of normal seedlings (GP), speed germination (SG), seedling length (SL), while Sakha 105 cv. gave the highest values  of dry weight followed by Sakha 106 cv. as compared with other cultivars.  On the other hand, foliar spraying with 6 or 8 g/L dry yeast were the best treatments of seed and seedling vigor as compared with control and other concentrations of dry yeast and also decreased abnormal seedlings and seed rot percentages with significant effect.  Seed health test recorded thirteen fungus species were associated with seeds of three cultivars under study.  Giza 178 cv. was the less values of total fungi, followed by Sakha 106 and Sakha 105 cvs.  Alternaria padwickii showed maximum values presented on seeds of three cultivars followed by Bipolaris oryzae, A. longesima, Fusarium semitectum, A. tenuis, F. graminearum and Sarocladium oryzae …et.  The beneficial effects of yeast lead to lower the number of seed-borne fungi with increasing concentration from 2 to 8 g/L especially pathogenic fungi which caused reduction to seed and seedling vigor of rice.  It could be recommended that use of foliar spray with dry yeast (S. cervisia) at 6 -  8 g/L at 25,   55 and 85 days after rice sowing gave the highest values of yield, yield components and next enhanced seed, seedling vigor and lower numbers of seed-borne fungi associated  with rice seeds(seed quality(.


Introduction: We assessed best available data on access and delivery of acute stroke unit (SU) care, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) in the European region in 2019 and 2020. Patients and methods: We compared national data per number of inhabitants and per 100 annual incident first-ever ischaemic strokes (AIIS) in 46 countries. Population estimates and ischaemic stroke incidence were based on United Nations data and the Global Burden of Disease Report 2019, respectively. Results: The estimated mean number of acute SUs in 2019 was 3.68 (95% CI: 2.90–4.45) per one million inhabitants (MIH) with 7/44 countries having less than one SU per one MIH. The estimated mean annual number of IVTs was 21.03 (95% CI: 15.63–26.43) per 100,000 and 17.14% (95% CI: 12.98–21.30) of the AIIS in 2019, with highest country rates at 79.19 and 52.66%, respectively, and 15 countries delivering less than 10 IVT per 100,000. The estimated mean annual number of EVTs in 2019 was 7.87 (95% CI: 5.96–9.77) per 100,000 and 6.91% (95% CI: 5.15–8.67) of AIIS, with 11 countries delivering less than 1.5 EVT per 100,000. Rates of SUs, IVT and EVT were stable in 2020. There was an increase in mean rates of SUs, IVT and EVT compared to similar data from 2016. Conclusion: Although there was an increase in reperfusion treatment rates in many countries between 2016 and 2019, this was halted in 2020. There are persistent major inequalities in acute stroke treatment in the European region. Tailored strategies directed to the most vulnerable regions should be prioritised.


Grace Chapel Page 1 of 4 May 20, 1999 This document represents a statement of Grace Chapel regarding divorce and remarriage and how this issue relates to Grace Chapel church leadership. The Elders have prayerfully considered this critical issue facing the church, and this document is a reflection of their findings. Grace Chapel, its members, and leaders are expected to adhere to the principles and guidelines established in this document when addressing the divorce and remarriage issue within the context of the ministry of this church. The church understands that Christians may differ with their conclusions. However, this document constitutes Grace Chapel's biblical understanding of the issue.


The authors wish to add the following Acknowledgment: This work was supported by an award from the U.K. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Age-related Disease to the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.


The discovery of extremely high radon levels in homes in Pennsylvania in 1985 has resulted in a public call for quick action to deal with the problem. Because of the shared geology of the Reading Prong and some common media, residents in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York turned toward their state and local governments looking for assistance. However, the approaches that the states have taken in addressing this problem have differed for a variety of reasons, including differences in the scope and intensity of the problem, the inherent differences in the geography and populations in the states and the nature of each state's governmental decision-making processes. The New York State strategy for addressing the issue is discussed in this report.


Let d t (N) denote the number of ways of decomposing JV into / factors. N is defined as a highly composite number of the th order, if d f (N) > d t (N') for all N' < N. Ramanujan's highly composite numbers form the particular case when t = 2.


continuity and contact (see Mason and Selman article in Adoption & Fostering 21: I, 1997). When so much personal experience is so generously shared it seems churlish to notice a gap, but I should also like to have heard from birth parents whose disabled children have been adopted and I would like to know how all birth parents view the increasingly common practice of adoption by single women and men. The accounts by women whose children have been adopted are grouped into sections, each preceded by a downto-earth discussion on a specific theme. There are chapters on bereavement and self-help, on various effective therapies and systems of coming to terms with the loss of a child, on single parenthood, on abortion and on adoption today, with the apparently seldom achieved aims of openness, listening to the wishes of birth parents and offering post-adoption support to all three parties involved in adoption. There is a surprise and a bonus in store towards the end of the book. The authors have drawn on their adoption experiences to confront the implications of infertility treatments for the donors of eggs and sperm and for surrogate mothers. The parallels to adoption are clear and there are timely warnings about not applying what we have learnt. Perhaps the voices of donors could also have been included. This is a book for everyone involved in adoption, but it is foremost a record and a manual for birth parents past, present and yet to come. It is not the first time we have heard birth mothers speak (birth fathers were invited to participate but did not follow through) and it will certainly not be the last. As the book reminds us on every page, we still have some way to go to 'dump the demon and humanise the birth mother'. The Easy Way Out? Birth mothers of adopted children the hidden side of adoption Sue Powell and Jacky Warren Minerva Press 278 pages £8.99 Birth mothers speak out


This paper presents a framework for the evaluation of the potential effects of different management measures on populations of large coastal sharks. A sexand age-structured, fleet disaggregated population dynamics model is used to simulate the dynamics of the shark population and fisheries. Bayesian statistical methods are applied to fit the model to the data and deal with the uncertainty in the model parameters and assumptions. Starting from the predictions of the model for the current status of the stock, the population is projected into the future under different assumptions for fisheries management. The management options considered are catch quota reduction for the whole fishery or for specific gears, minimum size restrictions and temporal closure of the fishery. The potential consequences of the different management measures with respect to the replacement yield are presented and the effectiveness and limitations of each measure are discussed. For illustration purposes the model is applied to data for sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) from the U.S. east coast fishery. Introduction Advice for the management of shark species has mainly been based on results of demographic or surplus production models (Sminkey and Musick, 1996; Cortés, 1998; McAllister et al., 2001)(but see Punt and Walker, 1998 and Simpfendorfer et al., 2000 for examples of advice based on age-structured models). Such models require less biological and fisheries data than more sophisticated population dynamics models but cannot account for agedependent factors that affect the dynamics of the species. Modelling advice for the management of the large coastal sharks (LCS) in the U.S. east coast has also been based mainly on the predictions of simple population dynamics models. However, in November 2001, the independent review of the 1998 LCS stock assessment called for more refined data and analyses to be used for the stock assessment of large coastal shark populations (NOAA, 2001). In their reports, independent reviewers recommended the development of an age-structured model for the stock assessment of large coastal shark species and encouraged the consideration of conventional and some alternative management measures such as temporal and spatial closures. This paper presents an ageand sex-structured, fleet disaggregated population dynamics model that accounts for specific characteristics of shark biology and fisheries. Bayesian methods are being used to tackle the


The tuning of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for hydraulic turbine governing system is a constrained engineering problem. The PID control parameters must be adjusted to capture the requirements of achieving satisfactory transient behaviour, robust stability, and disturbance rejection, which are all essential aspects for hydraulic turbine control. An optimal tuning method for robust PID controller based on the augmented Lagrangian (AL) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is presented in this paper. The AL is extended by incorporating the PSO in a seamless manner. Moreover, it introduces a new updated strategy for the penalty factor and embeds a local search procedure within the algorithm framework to enhance the search capability and accuracy, so that the optimal control parameters can be reliably obtained from the search space. The results of the simulation experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of this improved AL algorithm in producing a robust PID controller that provides system stability over a wide range of operating conditions.


Oblio e memorie della schiavitu ABSTRACT: Gabriele Turi analyzes the prolonged silence regarding both victims and persecutors of the Atlantic slave trade, and the recent initiatives of Unesco and some of the countries involved. The picture that emerges is highly varied, ranging from the restoration of fortresses and castles in Ghana, Senegal and Benin to monuments, school programmes and commemorations. The investigation indicates that memories are extremely fragmented, stronger among Afro-Americans and the Caribbean countries than in African countries. But it also shows the difficulties on the part of the states responsible for the slave trade in formulating expressions of regret, lest the descendants of the victims demand economic compensation.


I have no theories whatever about anything. I make observations by way of discovering contours, lines of force and pressures. I satirize at all times and my hyperboles are as nothing compared to the events to which they refer. If you study symbolism you will discover that it is a technique of rip-off by whichfigures are deliberately deprived of their ground. You do not seem to have grasped that the message as it relates to the medium, is never the content, but the corporate efects of the medium as an environment of service and disservice, (McLuhan, 1987: 448).'


In today's rapidly changing world due to globalization and technological developments, the aviation sector is growing and managing modern airports brings with it an important responsibility covering many problems. The environment in which the airports are located should be kept under control due to the risks especially associated with wildlife that endangers the flight safety. In this study, firstly literature was reviewed and the concept of wildlife management in aviation, the risks of wildlife and the methods used to combat these risks were mentioned. In the field research conducted after the literature review, wildlife management practices and risks at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, were investigated on site.


Embodiments of the invention relate to the technical field of computers, in particular to a method and system for equipment operation, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, on multi-user shared equipment, collected user data is the sum of multi-user behaviors and effective personal data cannot be recognized, recorded and applied. The method provided by the embodiments of the invention comprises: after receiving an operation command, determining user feature information of a user who performs operation currently; according to a corresponding relationship between the user feature information and user information, determining the user information corresponding to the user feature information of the user who performs the operation currently; and executing the operation command according to the determined user information. According to the corresponding relationship between the user feature information and the user information, the user information corresponding to the user feature information of the user who performs the operation currently is determined, so that the effective personal data can be recognized, recorded and applied on the multi-user shared equipment.


To what extent have public policies contributed to the innovation performance of Finland and Sweden in the period 1970-2013? This paper aims to assess the share of innovations stimulated by the public sector, specifically because of receiving public funding or being the result of research collaboration with public institutions. We combine survey and LBIO results on these variables, to overcome reporting biases found in the two methods.The main data comes from the new UDIT dataset, which gathers the most significant innovations of both countries for the period, in total about 4,100 Swedish and 2,600 Finnish innovations. It has been constructed following the LBIO method (Literature Based Innovation Output), which obtains information on relevant commercialized innovations from general technology journals as well as industry specific trade journals.Our results indicate that Finland had a substantially larger public involvement in these innovations than Sweden. This is specially true in the years between 1990 and 2000, when we see a drop in the relative role of the Swedish public sector in innovation output, while the Finnish trends are constant or slightly increasing over the period. However, in both countries public policies lie behind a significant share of the innovations (30-50% in Finland, 15-35% in Sweden), and in the Swedish case we can further assess that the publicly stimulated innovations were more often found among the most significant new products (written about in several articles). (Less)


Provides a philosophical and critical analysis of F.A. Hayek's version of Classical Liberalism. Highlighting weaknesses of the agnostic, evolutionary ethics that Hayek, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics, considers foundational to his free-market system, the study explores alternative moral foundations within Christian ethics.


The projection fields of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) arising from Clarke's column, marginal neurons of Clarke's column, and lamina V neurons in the upper lumbar segments were studied by the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) in the cat. To label only these neuron groups with uncrossed ascending axons, the spinal cord was lesioned rostral and contralateral to the WGA‐HRP injections.


A Large Ion Collider Experiment – ALICE will become operational with the startup of the Large Hadron Collider – LHC at the end of 2007. One focus of the physics program is the measurement of quarkonia in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions. Quarkonia states will be measured in two kinematic regions and channels: di-muonic decays will be measured in the forward region by the muon arm, the central part of the detector will measure di-electronic decays. The presented studies show the expected performance of the di-electron measurement in proton-proton and central lead-lead collisions.


Dear Sir In a recent issue of Transfusion Medicine, GarciaMontalvo et al. (2005) pointed to the value of testing for antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a possible indicator of active hepatitis B (HBV) infection of blood donors. In Germany, the estimated probability of HBV transmission by HBsAgnegative blood components at present is 1 : 230 000 which exceeds 20 times that of transfusion-transmitted HIV orHCV infections (Offergeld et al., 2005). In order to further reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection, the National Advisory Committee (AK-Blut) of the German Federal Ministry of Health recently recommended anti-HBc testing of blood donations and exclusion of anti-HBc-positive donors (Votum 31; Arbeitskreis Blut, 2005). However, the AK-Blut stated: If an HBsAg-negative donor is antiHBc positive, the donation may be used and the donor may be approved for future donations if the serum or plasma has at least 100 IU L antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and no detectable HBV DNA (detection limit 30 IU mL or 150 genome equivalents mL). Repeated testing of the donor for anti-HBc, anti-HBs and HBV DNA status is not required for future donations. Look-back procedures are requested by the recommendation only if HBV DNA is detected by single-donation nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) or if a previously anti-HBc-negative donor becomes anti-HBc positive (seroconversion). We report on the various implications arising from this AK-Blut recommendation and the intended introduction of anti-HBc testing in a transfusion service predominantly drawing blood from repeat donors. Following the recommendation of the AK-Blut, we introduced anti-HBc testing in July 2005. A period of 3 months was evaluated. All donors were tested for HBsAg(AxSYMHBsAg,Abbott,Wiesbaden,Germany, or Ortho Antibody to HBsAg ELISA Test System 3, Ortho-ClinicalDiagnostics,Neckargemünd,Germany). Anti-HBc-positive samples (AxSYM CORE, Abbott, or Ortho HBc ELISA Test System, OrthoClinical Diagnostics) were further investigated according to a fixed-test algorithm including repeat testing of the reactive sample in duplicate with the initially reactive anti-HBc test, the alternative anti-HBc test, quantitative determination of anti-HBs (AxSYM AUSAB , Abbott) and HBV-PCR testing with a highly sensitive single-sample technique (Cobas TaqManTest, RocheDiagnostics GmbH,Mannheim, Germany). The lower detection range of the latter is 6 IU mL (95% limit of detection), which is well below the detection limit of 30 IUmL or 150 genome equivalents mL requested by the AK-Blut. In all, 3964 donors were tested for anti-HBc for the first time. Of these, 441 applied for blood donation for the first time without previous donations or testing. A total of 3523 were repeat donors with previous donations or tests, including at least a complete donor examination and serological tests. All 3964 donors tested negative for HBsAg (for details see Table 1). Of the anti-HBc tests, 66 were initially positive [1 67%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1 27–2 05%]; however, only 46 (1 16%; CI: 0 83–1 4%) of these were considered specifically positive [i.e. the reactive test was repeatedly positive in duplicate (confirmed) and the alternative anti-HBc test was also positive]. With respect to the well-known high frequency of falsepositive anti-HBc tests, we considered positive reactions in only one test method as unspecific, being well aware of the fact that the test methods might have different sensitivities. Nonspecific positive tests cause additional workload and may lead to temporal deferral of blood donors. Many of these temporarily deferred donors will feel uneasy about their health and finally discontinue donating blood. In our study, samples of 20 donors (0 5%) initially reacted false positive. Of these, 14 were already negative when retested in duplicate using the same test system. Six (0 11%) were reproducibly reactive in only one anti-HBc test system. These six donors had to be temporarily deferred. Fortunately, this number of false positives is lower than expected from Correspondence: PD Dr med. Thomas Zeiler, Institut für Transfusionsmedizin und Hämostaseologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Conradistraße, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. Tel.: 149 6421 28 662 82; fax: 149 6421 28 656 55; e-mail: email@example.com


The clothes, which we wear and use, come in contact with various things. The dirt and dust, which is present in our environment stick to our clothes and has deteriorating effect on them. The dirt and dust are sometimes not visible but we can estimate it when we clean it. In order to take good care of clothes knowledge of laundering is equally essential. Regular care of clothing helps to extend wearing time and ensures that clothing is always ready to be worn when needed. Present investigation was undertaken with the objective to study the home laundry practices used by rural women. For this purpose 30 respondents were selected from Manpura village of Badgav Block of Udaipur District of Rajasthan. The results of the study reveal that similar type of method and soap was used by the respondents for all the type of clothes. Sizing was done only on cotton clothes using Maida. Very few respondents used brightening agents that too after five wash. On the basis of results of the study researcher felt the need to impart the training to enhance the knowledge about the care of different type of clothes.


The conventional calibration method and the standard addition method were compared in the assay of lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel in mineral Chinese medicines (borex, dragon teeth, oyster, smithsonite, and limonitium) by atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples Were digested with concentrated acids prior to AA determination. Factors reflected to detection quality such as the accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LaD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity of calibration plots, and the recovery were investigated and compared. Results indicated that the matrix interference significantly affected the assay of metals and the data obtained by the standard addition method with better precision and accuracy in recovery tests. However, both methods have comparable results in assaying metals in real samples. In smithsonite, only lead was found as 79.5 ppm and 81.2 ppm by the conventional calibration method and the standard addition method, respectively. In dragon teeth, cadmium was found as 15.0 ppm by both methods and nickel was found as 28.1 ppm and 28.8 ppm by the conventional calibration method and the standard addition method, respectively.


The management of chylothorax after operations for congenital heart diseases was reviewed retrospectively. Between 1986 and 1993, 5 cases were identified. During 1993, a total of 317 operations were performed for congenital heart disease and 3 patients developed chylothorax, with an incidence of 0.95%. Conservative treatment with dietary modification and chest tube drainage was successful in abolishing chylous leakage in 4 out of 5 cases. Re-exploration with oversewing the leaking lymphaticus was performed in 1 case after 2 weeks conservative treatment. The mean duration of treatment was 25.4 days (range 3–44 days). Hypoalbuminemia complicated 1 case and there was no mortality. There was no correlation between the initial drainage amount and the duration or severity of chylothorax. Venous hypertension (>10mmHg), present in 4 out of 5 cases, may be associated with the development of postoperative chylothorax and high-dose diuretic therapy may be beneficial in these patients.


This dissertation focuses on pattern discovery in spatial, image, and biological data and addresses the problem from the perspective of data reduction. We consider three kinds of reduction that can directly or indirectly help pattern discovery: noise removal, compression, and clustering. A graph-based noise removing method is proposed and demonstrated superior over traditional distance-based methods on pattern quality. Two visualization models are devised to assist and evaluate different noise removing methods on parameter selection and encode user requirements. In addition, a compression method is proposed to condense a given dataset into a compact version on which mining operations can be performed efficiently. The compression process can terminate automatically and the result is deterministic and reproducible. Finally, the proposed noise removal and compression can be synthesized with a hierarchical merging criterion to discover clusters of different shapes, sizes, and densities in noisy spatial data efficiently. The resulting system can be found at http://viscomp.utdallas.edu/FACADE.
The proposed reduction methods can be adapted to post-classification of remote sensing imagery. Experimental comparisons show that the adapted approach preserves more details of region boundary than existing methods. For certain types of images with similar content, a learning-based approach is proposed for parameter selection so that automatic image recognition becomes possible. Besides, we investigate the possibility of encoding more user constraints into the process of cluster analysis within a graph model and a set of criteria and corresponding solving algorithms are presented.
The final part of this dissertation reports preliminary results of high-dimensional FACS data analysis and proposes a grid-based clustering approach based on the analysis to identify the "invisible" cell populations from huge amount of flow cytometry data. The proposed clustering approach can not only identify number of clusters automatically but also be scalable on both data dimension and size. Preliminary experimental results show that our approach reduces computation time over the traditional k-means clustering method by more than an order of magnitude and produces better results without needing prior knowledge from users. Compared with FlowJo, the popular commercial software of flow cytometry analysis, our approach is also superior on speed and number of user inputs.


GE Hong's health preserving method, though playing an important role in the development of Taoism, has not been generally recognized. This paper presents a detailed exploration of this method, including the origin of the method and such methods as preserving essence, promoting the flow of qi and induction.


CHEN Yuanyuan1 WANG Aiqin1 YANG Xuejun1 YANG Qiangwei2 1.Department of Gynecology, Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing 101300, China; 2.Department of Obstetrics and Gyne鄄 cology, Xi'an Tangcheng Hospital, Xi爷an 710016, China [Abstract] Objective To understand the current status and coping strategies of the use of compound short-acting oral contraceptives (COC) in women with childbearing abortion in Shunyi District, Beijing. Methods A total of 1149 women who underwent an abortion in our hospital from July 2019 to July 2020 were followed up by telephone for their contra鄄 ceptive status and their knowledge of COC. At the same time, the basic personal information retained in the family planning report was counted. Results Participants' COC usage rate was 3.5/100, and 50.2/100 had never heard of COC contraception. Factors affecting the use of oral contraceptives were household registration, age, employment status, mar鄄 riage and childbirth history. Conclusion Among women of childbearing age, the use rate of COC is low. Most people don't know enough about COC and hold prejudices. The majority of women of childbearing age should be propagated and educated about COC to guide them to adhere to and use it correctly and reduce the miscarriage rate. [Key words] Shunyi District in Beijing; Women with abortion of childbearing age; Compound short-acting oral contra鄄 ceptives; Use status


This paper is attempting to mark dilemmas, de-montage and pre-composition of philosophy that have been noticeable in its self-understanding, for the past few decades. As an answer to the cardinal question, three different and competing strands have been singled out - suggested and represented by Adorno, Habermas and Rorty - where the philosophy believes it could continue to appear. It has been detected, however, that the problem of survival and legitimisation of critique in modern philosophy has been, at first, identified with the question of survival of philosophy itself. Philosophy that has found itself on defense, but without loosing all illusions regarding its mission, it seems to see its last retreat and safe resort in the critical function of philosophy, traditionally understood as continual search for the truth. Nevertheless, politically situated, des-invested, even renouncing that enlightenment figure it seems that for the philosophical theory - more or less transformed - there is still place for autonomous action that is not without direct social consequences. .


This fantasy story of an English castaway and a remote race of humans has been overshadowed by its predecessors "Gulliver's Travels" and "Robinson Crusoe" , but to Coleridge it was "a work of uncommon beauty". This edition is based on the text of the first edition of 1751.


This paper introduces a systemic methodology for reviewing professional responses to abuse between young people. The approach, "contextual case reviewing," draws upon constructivist structuralism to assess the extent to which safeguarding practices engage with the social and public contexts of abuse. The paper conceptually compares the methodologies of contextual case review and other serious case review methods before drawing upon findings from 2 studies, which used the contextual case review methodology to explore the extrafamilial nature of peer-on-peer abuse and the ability of child protection practices to engage with this dynamic. Thematic findings from these studies regarding the practical interpretation of "significant harm" and "capacity to safeguard," as well as their use within child protection assessments, are used to challenge conclusions of other case reviews, which imply that child protection procedures are sufficient for safeguarding young people. Contextual case reviews suggest that safeguarding practices, and the legislation that underpins them, are culturally, procedurally, and organisationally wedded to the context of the home, whereas insufficiently engaged with extrafamilial contexts of significant harm. The application of these issues require interrogation if social work systems are to provide sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding young people and families at risk of significant harm.


A liquid distributor valve. This liquid distributor valve comprises a compartmented base body (1) being provided with a cover (3) and with several outlets (2) and one inlet (4), a rotatable obturator bell (5) being innerly arranged and having a shaft (7) projecting through said cover (3) and being governed by an externally arranged electronic control (6) being made up by an independent assembly being adapted to be fitted onto the base body (1). This valve is characterised in that the actuation on the shaft (7) of the obturator bell from the gearmotor (8) of the externally arranged electronic control (6) is carried out through a pinion (9) being driven by the shaft of the gearmotor (8) and enmeshed with a gear wheel (10) being linked to the shaft (7) of the obturator bell (5). The linking between the gear wheel (10) and the shaft (7) of the obturator bell (5) is accomplished by means of a tubular body (11) having an external thread (12) matching the thread (13) being provided in the inside of the neck (14) forming an extension of the gear wheel (10).


This paper examines the current and future state of museums in an ever-evolving digital landscape. With the rise of digital technology and changing cultural expectations, museums must adapt to remain relevant and appealing to their audiences. The report analyzes key trends, including the diversification of content, collaborative curation, changing demographics, and the impact of the Creators' Movement, specifically 3D printing technology. The report emphasizes the need for museums to be innovative, interactive, and socially and culturally relevant in order to maintain their significance in the 21st century.


Single point diamond turning techniques have been developed and
 employed to produce a variety of nonferrous metal mirrors. These
 techniques have not been effective for turning beryllium. Because of
 the unique properties of beryllium to military applications and the
 advantages of single point turning, a development program has been
 instituted to single point turn beryllium.2 Tool materials,
 cutting fluids, and machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed
 rate, depth-of-cut, and tool geometry have been evaluated, resulting
 in a significant improvement in the machining process. Tool wear has
 been the primary limitation in precision machining beryllium, but
 advances have allowed a two order-of-magnitude reduction in this
 problem. The safety aspects of machining beryllium are crucial and
 have also been addressed in this program.


This paper discusses some of the advantages of using a multimedia system to deliver the diverse range of information within the manufacturing environment. The multimedia technologies allow a user to have controlled access to the required information within a a range of applications, in an easily accessible and structured manner, by using on a system delivering maintenance and process information on the factory floor, within a fully automated manufacturing plant. The close monitoring of the operational performance of various plants, manufacturing shops-floor/cells/machines, as well as their associated instrumentation and control is seen to be of increasing strategic importance. Failures can lead to increased costs, reduced product quality, consistency and production, plant shutdown, an increased environmental impact. There is a real need for the advanced monitoring/supervising technologies to be applied, and their potential demonstrated, on complex industrial plants. With the integration of multimedia technologies and knowledge-based systems with network technology giving access to external databases, we may analyze a concept of industrial multimedia that can be realized.


We propose an interpolation-free sub-pixel Motion Estimation (ME) technique that particularly aims at providing accurate Motion Vectors (MVs), where conventional sub-pixel interpolation ME algorithms used in video coding are too complex and time consuming. The proposed algorithm is a combination of block matching algorithms and simplified optical flow, which is Taylor approximation. The technique does not require any pixel interpolation and it is much faster than conventional ME methods. Statistical results illustrate that the new technique performs quickly and accurately with a compatible performance with respect to the benchmarking full search algorithm.


paper a novel approach is proposed to automatically classify the emotions of musical segments. The possible applications include the music recommendation system for the public or specialists like advertisers, physiotherapists, DJs, and film directors. The first step of this approach is to select musical segments from 75 musical works of different genres that may be expressive emotionally. Emotioanl la- bels are obtained by letting 60 subjects record their emo- tional appraisals (valence-arousal) by software FeelTrace when they listen to these musical works. Next, we extract 55 low-and-middle-level musical features of those 75 segments by programs MARSYAS and PsySound. The 55 musical features are then processed by feature-selection methods (MANOVA) to reduce the dimension of the feature space and the significance of features are determined according to their rank in performance. Final results by classification algorithm (Support Vector Machine) for 4-class (the four quadrants of the valence-arousal emotional space) classifi- cation are compared by using different combination of use- ful subsets of features. The best accuracy of classification is very satisfactory (98.67 %) by leave-one-out cross- validation. From the results we also find some interesting relationships between the emotion class and the 55 musical features by comparing with musicians' rules of thumb for


In the view of increasing incidences of cancer and AIDS complication, urgent need of development of the therapeutic agent is required. Recently different series of compounds have been designed which utilized the 1, 5- diaryl -3- oxo- 1, 4- pentadinenyl pharmacophore for development of novel cytotoxic and anticancer agent. The title compounds were prepared by Claisen Schmidt reaction in the basic medium. The resulting synthesized compounds have been screened for in-vitro cytotoxic property by SRBassaymethod against leukemic and colon cancer cell lines. The compounds 1a, 1b & 2b showed equipotent activity against human leukemia cell lines as compared to the standard. The synthesized compounds also screened for HIV-1 protease inhibitor and antimicrobial activity. The compound 2b showed moderate HIV-1 protease inhibitor activity as compared to the standard, pepstatin-A. Antimicrobial activity is due to the presence of a, â-unsaturated carbonyl group. The compound 2 showed significant activity againstA. niger fungi as compared to standard. This study revealed the potential of these molecules for further development as cytotoxic, HIVprotease inhibitor and antifungal agents.


AIM To explore whether supplementation of folic acid and B vitamins will improve endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).METHODS Vascular ultrasound was used to assess the effect of folic acid and B vitamins on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD). Eighty-seven patients with CHD(documented by coronary angiography at least one coronary artery's stenosis ≥50%) were randomized equally to two groups: routine treatment(include aspirin and statins) and routine treatment pulse folic acid and B vitamins(folic acid 15 mg/d,vitamin B12 75 μg/d,vitamin B6 30 mg/d).The patients were treated for six months.FMD were measured before and after the six months of treatment.RESULTS Before treatment, there were no significant differences between control and treatment groups in diameter of brachial artery [(4.2±0.5)mm vs(4.6±0.4)mm] and FMD [(3.9±0.9)% vs(4.1±0.5)%].After the six-month treatment,FMD showed significantly improvement in both groups: in routine treatment group from(4.1±0.5)% to(14.0±6.3)%(P0.01) and in routine treatment pulse folic acid and B vitamins group from(3.9±0.9)% to(15.5±5.4)%(P0.01).But there was no significant difference in FMD's improvement between the two groups [(15.5±5.4)% vs(14.0±6.3)%].CONCLUSION Routine treatment,including aspirin and statins,significantly improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with CHD.Supplementation of folic acid and B vitamins does not further improve endothelial dysfunction.


Recently, ICT has been introduced to various fields of fishery and marine work. For example, wireless access systems are used for realizing a broadband environment in coastal areas and on isolated islands. The authors also realized a marine broadband environment for small fishing vessels to manage aquatic resources. In order to establish stable use of wireless access systems, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of wireless access systems in severe conditions, such as anomalous tide levels caused by a typhoon or a tsunami. In this study, the authors evaluated the long-term characteristics of a wireless access system by constructing a 5 GHz band wireless access system that has propagation paths including the surface of the sea. As a result, we could obtain RSSI data when a typhoon approached, and we confirmed that the system could maintain communication quality. The authors also considered the possibility of the detection of anomalous tidal levels from RSSI of the wireless access system.


We have investigated the concept of hydrogen spillover by a density functional theory (DFT) approach in combination with experimental observations. A H/Pt molar ratio of 5 to 9 is observed over Ce1−xPtxO2−δ catalyst, where Pt is present in the +2 ionic state. The total hydrogen adsorbed over the catalyst is ∼30 times higher than that over nano-Pt metal particles. NMR study show protonic hydrogen over the catalyst. DFT calculations indeed support the enhanced adsorption of hydrogen on the Pt-ion-doped ceria surface via spillover to the oxide support. Further, the calculations confirm the formation of protonic hydrogen on the catalyst surface in contrast to the formation of hydridic hydrogen on Pt metal.


In the present experimental study, the effect of blade number, nozzle entry are, and head on the performance characteristics of a cross-flow turbine have been investigated. It has been observed that the efficiency of the turbine increases witb increase in blade number, nozzle entry are, and head. The present investigation has also shown that there is an optimum number of blades for a given nozzle entry arc beyond which the performance of the cross-flow turbine deteriorates. It has also been shown that cross-flow turbines at higher heads do not behave as pure impulse turbines. The energy scene of the world has been changing quite rapidly and will change in the future. Conventional methods of generating power will be largely replaced by renewable sources of energy, such as wind, wave, solar and hydroenergy. Of these renewable sources, hydroenergy can be exploited to the maximum due to its attractive economics and the availability of basic technology. The turbine is the heart of any hydroenergy system. In general, impulse turbines are currently being used in large hydropower systems, but it is not always feasible to have a large hydropower system. Turbines used in micro- and minihydropower systems are scaled-down models of large turbines. The performance of these models is not always the same as that of large models, because of various hydraulic and mechanical effects. In the present study, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the performance of a small-scale cross-flow turbine by systematically varying several parameters. The cross-flow turbine, also popularly known as the Banki turbine, has become increasingly important due to its flat performance characteristic with respect to change in head. Investigations reported on this turbine are limited. Mockmore et al. (1949) carried out detailed experimental investi gations and showed that the cross-flow turbine operates efficiently under a wide range of flow variations and has a maximum achievable efficiency of approximately 68%. Khosrowpanah (1984) has systematically analyzed the performance of the cross-flow turbine and found that the maximum effi ciency at any flow rate/head combination increases as the nozzle entry arc increases or the aspect ratio of the runner decreases. The maximum effi ciency occurred at the same rotational speed regardless of the nozzle entry arc, flow rate/head variation, runner diameter, and number of blades. Kofold (1932) showed that higher efficiencies could be achieved with a modified nozzle over a number of speeds directly proportional to the gate


Halogenation reactions, both brominations and chlorinations, of haloorganics lead to di- or often polyhalogenated products. A major mechanistic question concerning these reactions always remains unanswered; whether they proceed by direct substitution or whether they proceed by a process involving an elimination-readdition sequence. The question can be answered by carrying out the reactions using isotopically enriched halogen. A method of analysis has been devised, using high resolution mass spectrometry, which determines the isotopic distribution in each of the individual halogen atoms. The details of this procedure are presented in this report and examples of its use from several mechanistic investigations are presented.


In the last issue, I explored some recent trends in reference and public services librarianship. In this column, I will discuss factors driving change, strategies for predicting future trends, and the role of the Reference & User Services Association (RUSA). Factors Driving Change I have identified four broad factors driving change. Some of these factors intersect. All of them challenge libraries to rethink the delivery of services. Shrinking Budgets Academic and public libraries across the country are being forced to explore new staffing models because of budget reductions. Libraries have taken numerous approaches in order to save money in their public services budget. These cost-cutting measures have included the following strategies: trimming hours, merging departments, consolidating service points, hiring freezes, the use of fixed-term appointments, and hiring entry-level rather than experienced librarians. Most worrisome is an observation by Francine Fialkoff, editor of Library Journal, who noted in a recent editorial that there is anecdotal evidence that librarians are responding differently to the latest fiscal short-falls. A decade ago, librarians cut collection budgets in response to reduced funding. Fialkoff noted that "[n]ow, libraries are cutting hours and/or staff, replacing MLS librarians with those without degrees, or outsourcing more 'processing' so that they can still provide current materials." (1) Her concern was that these strategies do not restore public support for libraries. She argued that "to get public support restored it is more effective to show the public how valuable their libraries are" and that the message should be "[I]f only my library were open more hours, then I could get to all that good stuff more often." (2) The Millennials Demographics are another factor driving change. While many librarians (especially administrators) are members of that huge, post-World War II Baby Boom generation, Millennials are the generation grabbing headlines. Millennials (those born after 1981) are also known as the Echo Boom, Generation Y, and the Game Boy Generation. I am very familiar with this group as my son was born in 1988. This generation has embraced instant messaging, cell phones, mp3 players, and multitasking. I would venture that many Millennials view chat reference software as too stodgy. Librarians who want to better understand Millennials should read one of the following provocative works on this generation and generational differences: When Generations Collide; Serving the Millennial Generation; Adolescents and Literacies in a Digital World; Millennials Rising; and Millennials Go to College. (3) There have been some fascinating studies on the cultural influences shaping this generation. According to Millennials expert Michael Coomes, events that shaped these individuals are school shootings, the O. J. Simpson trial, and the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. (4) Given the large number of college-age Millennials, it is not surprising that academic librarians are trying to figure out the best way to reach these users. One of the contributed papers at the 2005 Association of College and Research Libraries National Conference focused on marketing to Millennials. Patricia Duck, library director at the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburgh, characterized Millennials as "visually oriented," "easily bored," "very demanding," and "used to having the best of everything," and noted that they "want cutting-edge facilities." (5) She reported on a 2003 survey (there were 202 participants) that asked students at her institution about their library experiences. Eighty percent of respondents were Millennials and 20 percent were members of Generation X (the generation preceding Millennials). While Duck didn't find many differences between the two groups, she found that Millennials were more concerned with comforts (such as refreshments in the library), were knowledgeable about using Google but not necessarily knowledgeable about using library databases, and approximately half found library databases difficult to search. …


This paper describes design and performance of a high-frequency power MOST used for switching-mode power amplifiers in the medium-wave (500 kHz to 1.5 MHz) or short-wave (1.5 MHz to 30 MHz) transmitters whose output power is in the vicinity of 1 kW. To obtain the drain-source voltages greater than 200 V with on-resistance remaining approximately 1 Ω, the offset gate length and field plate length of the high-frequency power MOST are optimized as well as offset gate layer concentration. Employing the molybdenum gate fabricated by RF diode sputter, the MOST operates at high speed with turn-on and turn-off times of 22 and 25 ns, respectively. A high-temperature operation test was performed to assure the stability and reliability of the device. The test results indicate that phosphosilicate glass polarization affects the device reliability only when offset gate layer concentration is much lower than the optimized value.


Introduction: Viola plant has been used traditionally for the treatment of neurological disorders. We aimed at determining whether pretreatment with Viola spathulata extract can alleviate the severity of ischemic-reperfusion damages and it can exert its protective effects through the regulation of a sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX3) gene expression in a rat brain. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two main groups, including one main group for evaluating neurologic deficit score (NDS) and infarct volume (IV) and the other group for the evaluation of NCX3 gene expression in the brain tissue, which were subdivided to the intact, control (vehicle), sham, V5, and V10 subgroups. The vehicle (control) sub-group received DMSO and V5 and V10 sub-group received V.spathulata extract at the doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively for 7 days (i.p.). After pretreatment, a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was carried out. Results: in the V5 and V10 groups, NDS and IV significantly decreased. MCAO up-regulated NCX3 gene expression in the core, penumbra, and subcortex regions compared with the intact subgroup. The V5 subgroup significantly down-regulated the NCX3 gene expression level in the core compared with the control subgroup. The V10 subgroup showed down-regulation of the NCX3 gene expression level in core, penumbra, and subcortex compared with the control subgroup. Conclusion: V.spathulata extract seems to have a neuroprotective role against MCAOinduced ischemic brain damage, possibly through preventing the alteration of NCX3 gene expression level.


The study of the Development of a Developmental Skills Instrument for Children aged from birth to 5 years old, Mental Health Department Version, the Ministry of Public Health, had the objective of developing an instrument for evaluating children aged from birth to 5 years old. This instrument was developed from a model of the Developmental Skills Inventory while adding other evaluation instruments, such as the Diagnostic Inventory for Screening Children (DISC) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. It also reviewed additional relevant literature from experts' comments at meetings held to develop a Developmental Skills Instrument for Children aged from birth to 5 years old, Mental Health Department Version, the Ministry of Public Health. This new version is easy to comprehend and standardize. When the instrument had been developed, the content validity was examined by three experts and then the content validity index (CVI) was calculated. Furthermore, the Interrater reliability was obtained from two experts from each age range. The total number of subjects was 53 people. The results revealed the following:

There were 654 items of the developmental instrument from birth to 5 years of age, divided into 6 ranges: birth to 6 months consisting of 89 items, 6--12 months consisting of 97 items, 1--2 years consisting of 112 items, 2--3 years consisting of 125 items, 3--4 years consisting of 125 items, and 4--5 years having 106 items.

The content validity Index (CVI) was .84

The observation reliabilities, calculated from the kappa interobserver agreement of each age range, were as follows: birth to 6 months was .794, 6--12 months was .817, 1--2 years was .969, 2--3 years was .792, 3--4 years was. 825 and 4--5 years was .863

Results showed that the Developmental Skills Instrument for Children aged from birth to 5 years old, Mental Health Department Version, the Ministry of Public Health have appropriate validity and reliabilities. The results of this Developmental Skill Instrument can be applied future to be as

1. Child Developmental level screening tool

2. Developmental promotion tool

3. Instrument for national screening and national evaluation for national children development plan and strategy

4. Family home program and community program


Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a well-known disease that causes severe losses in pepper production which is used as a spice for thousands of households in many parts of China. With the biological control properties of endophytic strains have been developed and used have been of great importance in the prevention and control of anthracnose and environmental protection. Therefore, to control the pathogen Colletotrichum scovillei more safely, 58 endophytic strains were isolated from pepper leaves in this experiment. Plate resistance method was used to screen the antagonistic strains of C. scovillei, and it was found that the inhibition rate of 25 antagonistic strains against C. scovillei was greater than 60%, and the inhibitory rates of L1-7 and L3-5 against it were 79% and 80%, respectively. They were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezensis by culture and morphological identification, combined with 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. The two antagonistic endophytic bacteria also had the ability to fix nitrogen and secrete IAA, and all had high salt tolerance. Controlled pot experiments in the laboratory showed that L1-7 and L3-5 had a good control effect against C. scovillei, with the control efficiency reaching 80.64% and 73.39%, respectively. Thus, B. amyloliquefaciens (L1-7) and B. velezensis (L3-5) could be useful as biological control agents to protect peppers from anthracnose disease caused by C. scovillei. The results of this test provide a basis for the development of pepper endophytic bacterial resources, and also bacterial resources for the biological control of C. scovillei.


A perturbation theory is developed whereby the diatomic molecular potential energy W(R) as a function of the internuclear distance R is expressed, for R near Re, as a power series in the parameter λ = 1 − (Re / R), W(λ) = w0 +  ∑ n = 1∞ (wn − wn−1)λn. Truncations of this series have the form of finite power series in R−1. The quantities wn are obtained simply as perturbation energies for a purely kinetic‐energy perturbation at Re, by setting up the problem in confocal elliptic coordinates, in which the kinetic‐energy part of the Hamiltonian is R−2 times an R‐independent operator and the potential‐energy part is R−1 times an R‐independent operator. Expressions for the successive vibrational force constants ke, le, me, ···, are given, and it is shown how it happens, through cancellation of effects in the molecule near Re against effects in the separated atoms, that truncation of the power series in λ at the λ2 level is often a good approximation, as has been shown empirically.


ON� Abstract. Here we consider a generalized flag manifold F = U/K, and a differential structure F which satisfy F 3 +F = 0; these structures are called f-structures. Such structure F determines in the tangent bundle of F some ad(K) invariant distributions. Since flag manifolds are homogeneous reduc- tive spaces, they certainly have combinatorial properties that allow us to make some easy calculations about integrability conditions for F itself and the distributions that it determines on F. An special case corresponds to the case U = U(n), the unitary group, this is the geometrical classical flag manifold and in fact tools coming from graph theory are very useful.


This paper discusses the use of self compacting concrete (SCC) in concrete structures in Switzerland, and specifically deals with its use in construction of the 56-km Gotthard base tunnel. The Gotthard tunnel crosses the Alps from north to south, and is designed for a service life of 100 years with only minor maintenance expected in this period. Concrete mixtures for SCC were determined according to the AlpTransit prequalification specifications in 1999, with differences in composition of the mixtures primarily in content of the </= 0.125 mm fines fraction and grading of the aggregate. On the basis of data acquired in the Gotthard tunnel project and from past practical experience, water content limits for durable SCC mixtures are outlined.


B–C–N–H thin films were deposited by plasma chemical‐vapor deposition with an external capacitively coupled reactor at an rf frequency of 13.56 MHz. The films were formed from a gas mixture of B2H6 (5.25 vol % in N2), methane, and argon or nitrogen as carrier gases. The deposition was carried out at room temperature and without heating the substrate. The films were transparent in the range of 10 000–2000‐A wavelengths. The Knoop microhardnesses were 1825–3324 kg/mm2 and the refractive index was 1.3–1.6. An extensive discussion of the effect of the deposition conditions on both microhardness and film composition is given. In addition, the interrelation between the microhardness and composition is illustrated.


There are many problems of composition teaching in secondary specialized schools.Teachers should analyze the tactics according to the practical problems,focus on the composition teaching.Promote the designs of goals,contents,methods and thinking in composition teaching.


Background: Occupational exposures to blood and body fluid are among the most frequent occupational accidents in healthcare. They put healthcare workers (HCWs) at high risk of transmission of many blood borne pathogens mainly hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus HCV and HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids and its associated factors among HCWs at the university hospital of Monastir (Tunisia) in 2017. Methods: An exhaustive cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 June 2017 to 31 August 2017 at the Monastir (Tunisia). An anonymous self-adminis- tered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, self-reported exposures and their circum- stances. We performed a multivariate analysis to determine the associated factors to these occupational exposures. Results: services. This study aimed to analyze the concept of accessibility of health services in order to design and validate alternatives instruments for its assessment beyond UHC. Results: The reviewed literature revealed five conceptual logics to define accessibility: decent minimum of health care, health care market, factors and multicausality, needs and, social justice and human right to health. A Household Survey on Accessibility to Health Care Services and a Health Care Services Availability Questionnaire was designed and validated with experts and pilot test in representative samples of households and care centers in three cities in Colombia was conducted. Those instruments were designed under the conceptual logic of human right to health. Finally, an alternative route to assess accessibility in Colombia was proposed.


In this paper, a new concept of glass-crystal transition is proposed. It was found that the cooling rate has strong influence on the composition and crystallization process of chalcogenide glasses based in the system Ge-Sb-Te. We have modified the equation Johnson-Mehl-Avrami in order to evidence the crystallization fraction at peak maxima. The non-isothermal transition of Ge-Sb-Te has been investigated using different methods: Kissinger, Takhor, Augis and Bennett, Matusita and Sakka.


Prime Minister Abe of Japan returned to Tokyo on Sunday 12 February having sealed his country's position as a principal ally of the United States of America, in the process potentially even ousting the United Kingdom from its long-treasured 'Special Relationship'. Leaving aside, first of all, the question of whether the UK or Japan should wish to deepen relations with the USA, given the nature of the new administration, both Theresa May and Shinzo Abe – in their rush to be the first leaders to cross the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to meet with and congratulate President Trump for his 'stunning election victory' – have been keen to cement a special role for themselves and their country in the foreign policy of the world's only superpower.


With the wide application of the modern science and technology, its role in educational teaching is increasingly shown. Under the new course background, especially, it plays an important function in the abundance to the content of courses of ideology and politics, the improvement of teaching method and the modernization of educational aid.


Bitcoin has emerged as the most successful cryptographic currency in history that records all transactions in a distributed append only public ledger called Block chain. Within few years of its quiet launch in 2009, Bitcoin grew to comprise billions of dollars of economic value. Bitcoin have received a lot of attention: some of it good and some of it bad; they have been associated with numerous scams and thefts and other vulnerabilities which lead to the execution of various threats to the normal functionality of Bitcoin. In this paper, a systematic survey has been shown that covers the security and privacy of Bitcoin along with anonymity and privacy techniques by showing comparative evaluation of anonymity techniques.


The crystalline defects of electrode/ferroelectric interface of PZT thin film capacitors with Pt, IrO 2 and SrRuO 3 (SRO) top electrodes were investigated by TEM-EDX analysis. The interface of Pt/PZT and IrO2/PZT had an ideal interface structure, and formed good Schottky barriers. However, the Schottky barrier was not formed at the SRO/PZT interface. Because Ru diffused into the PZT surface, and this joint like Ohmic contact was formed. Moreover, a Sr-rich SRO layer of about 10 nm existed in interfacial neighborhood. This alteration layer influenced dielectric dispersion, and caused a remarkable bias dependency for the C-V characteristics.


Abstract Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to determine accuracy defined by trueness and precision of computer‐assisted implant surgery comparing two guided surgery kits designed for either closed sleeves or open sleeves with a lateral window. Material and methods Each n=20 implants were placed fully guided (sleeve‐bone distance of 2 or 4 mm) in identical replicas using a surgical guide with both closed sleeve or an open sleeve, partially guided, or free hand. The achieved implant position was digitized and compared with the planned position. Trueness and precision were determined. The angular deviation was defined as the primary outcome parameter. The means, standard deviation, and 95%‐confidence intervals were analyzed statistically with 1‐way ANOVA and the Scheffé procedure. Results The accuracy of guided implant placement using closed and open sleeves was comparable when the sleeve‐bone distance was 2 mm. Accuracy decreased when the sleeve‐bone distance increased in both fully guided groups, more so in the open than in the closed sleeve group. The least accurate method was the free‐hand group. Partially guided implant surgery was more accurate than free‐hand placement, but less accurate than the fully guided groups with 2‐mm sleeve‐bone distance. Conclusions The closer the sleeve to the bone, the more accurate and precise is computer‐assisted implant surgery using a closed system and a system using open sleeves. Partially guided implant surgery using only the static guide for the pilot drill is less accurate than both fully guided approaches, but more accurate than free‐hand surgery.


The ability of organizations to operate effectively is highly dependent on the dgree to which individuals' personal goals mesh with institutional aims.


Both biological and artificial agents need to coordinate their behavior to suit various needs at the same time. Reconciling conflicts of different needs and contradictory interests such as self-preservation and curiosity is the central difficulty arising in the design and modelling of need and value systems. Current models of multi-objective reinforcement learning do either not provide satisfactory power to describe such conflicts, or lack the power to actually resolve them. This paper aims to promote a clear understanding of these limitations, and to overcome them with a theory-driven approach rather than ad hoc solutions. The first contribution of this paper is the development of an example that demonstrates previous approaches' limitations concisely. The second contribution is a new, non-linear objective function design, MORE, that addresses these and leads to a practical algorithm. Experiments show that standard RL methods fail to grasp the nature of the problem and ad-hoc solutions struggle to describe consistent preferences. MORE consistently learns a highly satisfactory solution that balances contradictory needs based on a consistent notion of optimality.


Static load test is now recognized as a reliable bridge inspection method. However, this method has to interrupt transportation and consume manpower and material greatly. Firstly, this paper introduced the mathematic relation between static calibration coefficient and dynamic calibration coefficient, which are achieved by dynamic/static load tests with different load efficiencies—by comparing them, the proposed equation are verified. Quantitative assessment of bridge is achieved by combining dynamic load inspection method.


In Korea, construction of a barrage in the mouth of the Nakdong river is planned. This barrage will be situated in a Nature Reserve, designated as a wintering ground for migratory birds. The Nakdong estuary appeared to be of great National and probably International importance for bird preservation. The construction of the barrage and associated land reclamation will have a negative impact on the bird population. Alternative designs and locations for the barrage and land-reclamation sites have been made to minimize the ecological impact of the project. A compromise between technical requirements and ecological desirabilities has been reached. An ecological research and management programme has been drafted as a part of the barrage project.


Corrosion is a long-lasting and challenging issue to modern industrial activities,
especially to marine and offshore industries. In fact, the costs related to corrosion and
corrosion prevention is a significant part of the gross national product in the world.
Due to the increasing demand for marine transportation and oil and gas exploitation,
solving the technological difficulties relevant to corrosion protection is absolutely
essential. Epoxy resins have become one of the most widely used polymers in coating
applications. However, common epoxy resins show undesirable water moisture affinity,
which may lower their performance as anticorrosion coatings. Therefore, a series of
polysiloxane derivatives have been synthesized and blended with epoxy resins as
additives. The resulting material has been investigated by various chemical
characterizations and numerical simulation of the cathodic protection system, called
BEASY. As a result, various analyses confirmed that the performance of epoxy resin
coatings in terms of corrosion protection was greatly enhanced.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on establishments that are known as the "built heritage", often described as "historic houses". Many operate in a similar vein to small businesses and often have a more diverse range of needs. In the UK historic houses form part of the tourism and leisure market. Heritage encompasses a wide variety of establishments including historic houses, historic gardens, heritage centres, town centres, countryside and museums.Design/methodology/approach – A model was developed for the study to show the information needs of historic houses and the information‐seeking behaviour of those managing historic houses. Data have been collected both via questionnaires to and interviews of those managing properties. The collection of data focused on diversity of activities, information provision, use of information, developments (including technology) and collaboration.Findings – The conclusions discuss the management of information and the difficulties expressed for those ...


The aim of this study was to develop a Prediction, Alternative conceptions, Refutation, Observation, Comparison and Scientific explanation (PAROCS) strategy to change students' alternative concepts on inertia concept. The research method used is the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). Participants were 30 students (15 boys and 15 girls, their average age were 15-16) in class X of a public high school in Sukabumi, West Java. The instrument used is a four-tier diagnostic test. Data were analyzed based on a 4D model and conceptual category. At the disseminate stage, it shows an increase in scientific concepts and a decrease in alternative concepts after the application of the PAROCS strategy. From this, it can conclude that PAROCS strategy can be developed to change students' alternative concepts into scientific concepts. Further studies could not only use the PAROCS strategy, but also develop this strategy for different physics concepts.


D URING the past two decades especially, fundamental studies of various phases of word usage have been made. These include studies of (i) the frequency of occurrence of the words in printed matter for (a) children of various ages and (b) adults; (2) the frequency of occurrence of the words in oral usage of young children from infancy through elementary school; and (3) the frequency of occurrence of the words in the written materials of (a) children of various grade levels and (b) adults. The investigations include also studies of (4) the


A third mechanistic category of organic reactions, conceptually in-between kinetic and thermodynamic control, needs to be recognized, in order to obtain a proper mechanistic description of certain highly important organic reactions, but also to avoid controversy. In fact, an instance of debatable conclusions having been reached is already known. The term 'pseudo-thermodynamic control' is proposed for this newly-defined category, which would include any reaction in which intermediates along different routes mutually interconvert. The new category would thus encompass a very large number of reactions, many of them of great utility.


For introducing 14C into position 1 of 2-deoxyaldoses, methods based on prolongation of the carbon chain usually come into consideration since one can proceed from simple and inexpensive 14C-compounds. Such a possibility is offered by the method of Fisher and Sowden(1, 2) which was applied by a number of other authors.


Purpose – This paper aims to analyze Brazil's governmental positions during two international conflicts involving major Brazilian firms and two South American countries: the nationalization of Petrobras in Bolivia in 2006 and the expulsion of Odebrecht from Ecuador in 2008. Brazil's government officials showed themselves to be not only open to negotiations but also understanding and cooperative with Bolivia. The same policymakers, however, showed no trace of this accommodating behavior toward Ecuador. This paper focuses on the explanatory power of the ideas of the ruling Workers' Party and sustains that this party has played a crucial role on shaping the current government–business relations in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – This research applies process tracing analysis within two case studies; and content analysis to operationalize the concept "Workers' Party's ideas" using 14 Workers' Party's official documents. It investigates the circumstances under which political ideas guide policymaking. Fi...


Questions in natural language are answered by consulting multiple sources and inferring answers from information they provide. An automated deduction system, equipped with an axiomatic application-domain theory, serves as the coordinator for the process. Sources include data bases, Web pages, programs, and unstructured text. Answers may contain text or visualizations. Although the approach is domain-independent, many of our experiments have dealt with geographic questions.


Radio cellular systems depend upon the widespread availability of two-way communications between vehicles and control centers. Radio propagation inside tunnels and urban radioelectric shadowed areas is disturbed with strong attenuation, multipath, waveguide and masking effects. Special care must be taken to avoid communication failure in road transport informatics (RTI) applications based on the radio frequency system in those specific areas. To achieve the extension of the RTI road-vehicle digital communication systems to the coverage of confined areas, specific electronic and electromagnetic problems must be solved. Elements are given to realize a pan-European GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) radiating retransmission system in those confined areas.


A quasi-classical approximation is constructed to describe the eigenvalues of the magnetic Laplacian on a compact Riemannian manifold in the case when the magnetic field is given by a non-exact 2-form. For this, the multidimensional WKB method in the form of the Maslov canonical operator is applied. In this case, the canonical operator takes values in sections of a non-trivial line bundle. The constructed approximation is demonstrated for the example of the Dirac magnetic monopole on the two-dimensional sphere. Bibliography: 18 titles.


This paper studies the concepts of city-country combinative area (CCCA), and how to apply data cleaning, and data mining in land use control in CCCA. A new data cleaning method named as Vectorizing Character-string and Matching Number (VCMN) is advanced, which can integrates multi-origin data. It is suggested that the control points be acquired with GPS-supported aerial triangulation, CCCA images be dealt with digital photogrammetry system before image databases come into being. Then all related land databases can be rebuilt up a data warehouse after data cleaning. In the network, online data mining is carried out in the light of constraint conditions. Finally, some Wuhan City CCCA knowledge is discovered with rough set.


THE CITY OF ROME has had a long-standing tradition of providing each of its aqueducts with an ornamental public fountain that is specifically designated as that aqueduct's display.' Such a fountain is called a mostra in Italian, a quasi-technical term that in English often goes untranslated, or is rendered as "terminal fountain." What makes a fountain a mostra is not essentially its size or splendor, but its specific designation as the fountain that is a public memorial to the whole achievement of the aqueduct (P1. 1A). Sometimes inscriptions and decoration support this designation and elaborate the achievement with information and allusion to the builder


Optically transparent Eu3+-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.25PbTiO3 (PMN–0.25PT:Eu3+) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with high piezoelectricity were prepared by oxygen-atmosphere sintering followed by hot-press sintering. A high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33 = 850 pC N−1) and effective piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33* ≈ 1520 pm V−1) were achieved in the 2 mol% Eu3+-doped PMN–0.25PT transparent ceramic. Local nanoscale domain patterns and piezoresponse of PMN–0.25PT:Eu3+ transparent ceramics were observed and quantitatively analyzed by using piezoelectric force microscopy and the autocorrelation function method to understand the origin of the high piezoelectricity. It is found that the introduction of Eu3+ doping will enhance the local structure heterogeneity in PMN–PT ceramics and the obtained high piezoelectric properties are related to the dynamic behavior of local nano-domains. Our result showed that doping with rare earth element Eu3+ is an effective method for making transparent ferroelectric ceramics with enhanced piezoelectric performance, which benefits the design and development of eletro-optic devices as well as transparent sensors and ultrasound transducers.


This study was carried out with an aim, to explore Occupational Health & Safety (OHS due to in -adequate medical facilities, illiterate workforce and lack of reliab le data on the occupational diseases, injuries and accidents. Workers are exposed to high level of hazards in all sectors i.e . construction, mining industry and agriculture. Br ick making is one of the leading sector in construction industry; where work ers are mostly from deprived sectors of society; wi th low income and where the whole family is involved as one unit. OHS a last line of defence for workers and welfare facilities were not made a t all the BKs of the study area. Some of the major contributing factors to the poor health and safety status of the workfor ce are poor implementation of the health and safety laws with d angerous, unsafe and polluted working environment. In this study, we tried to draw some guidelines for the betterment of OH&S situations in BKs.


For the automation of lattice type seam welding in building ship, an autonomous mobile robot system is developed in this paper. The robot is composed of two driving wheels, a horizontal torch slider, a vertical torch slider and a rotational arc sensor. Tracking errors are detected by the rotational arc sensor. The kinematics model of the mobile robot is established firstly, and then the moving path of the robot at the corner is planned based on the kinematics mode, and the trajectory and velocity of the welding gun is analyzed. A fuzzy controller based on the planned trajectory and tracking errors is designed. The simulation and experiments have been done to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


The work is devoted to the study of the spectral properties of potassium alumina-borate glass activated with different concentrations of trivalent chromium compounds. In this work, the glass transition temperatures of the composition (434°С) and the volume crystallization temperature of the glass matrix (600°С) were determined. Heat treatment of glass at the crystallization temperature led to the appearance of intense narrow luminescence bands in the region of 685–715 nm, which was associated with the nucleation of the crystalline LiAl7B4O17: Cr3 + phase in the glass matrix, in which chromium occupied positions in the high-symmetric octahedral environment. The concentration dependences of luminescence lifetime and quantum yield showed the presence of concentration quenching of the luminescence with an increase in the chromium content from 0.05 to 0.2 mol%. The maximum value of the quantum yield was 30%.


Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of nabumetone suspensions. Methods: 18 healthy male volunteers were enrolled into the single crossover study. After a single dose of the suspension equivalent to 1000mg nabumetone or a reference preparation were given by crossover, the plasma MNA (6-methoxy-2-naphthalene acetic acid, a metabolite of nabumetone) level were determined by HPLC technique. The bioequivalance of the suspension and reference were evaluated by pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability obtained. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for nabumetone suspension and reference preparation were: AUC0-120: (682. 60 ± 294. 50) and (662.35 ± 270. 69) mg · h · L-1; Cmax: (18. 09 ± 8.23) and (16. 88 ± 7. 58)mg·L-1; Tmax: (4.44 ±1.04) and (4. 56 ± 1.10)h;t1/2ke: (21.21 ± 2.87) and (20. 83 ± 2. 78)h respectively. No significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters was observed. The relative bioavailability of the suspension was (103. 36 ± 15. 50) % . Conclusion: The nabumetone suspension and the reference preparation are bioequivalent.


An approach to calculate the infrared dielectric function of semiconductor nanostructures is presented and applied to silicon (Si) nanowires (NW's). The phonon modes symmetries and frequencies are calculated by means of the elastic continuum medium theory. The modes strengths and damping are calculated from a model for lattice dynamics and perturbation theory. The data are used in anisotropic Lorentz oscillator model to generate the temperature and directional dependences of the infrared dielectric function of free standing Si NW's. Our results showed that in the direction perpendicular to the NW axis, the complex dielectric function is identical to that of bulk Si. However, along the NW axis, the infrared dielectric function is a strong function of the wavelength. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


T he papers in this section address the question "How does talking cure?" Each paper, on its own, presents a complex, nuanced exploration, and it would be impossible in a brief discussion to do justice both to the intricacy and sophistication of the material and to its applicability to clinical practice. I will limit myself, therefore, to a simpler task: applying a central idea from each author to a clinical vignette of my own, with the aim of highlighting the clinical relevance and utility of the idea. I will also point out an area of theoretical disagreement between two of the authors and briefly discuss the clinical implications of this disagreement.


We have applied a Sr/Ca ratio technique of otolith analysis to reconstruct the temperature histories of fall-spawned herring larvae Clupea harengus L. captured in inshore waters of the Gulf of Maine, USA, in order to infer their overwintering distributions. Winter survival of herring larvae is believed to be a determinant of recruitment in the Gulf of Maine, though very little is known about this important phase in their life history. Shortly after hatching in coastal spawning areas, larvae congregate inshore along the Maine coast during fall (September to November). Following this abundance peak, inshore larval densities drop to very low levels in mid-winter (late December and January), before a second group of fall-spawned larvae appears inshore in spring (February through April), thus giving a bimodal abundance distribution with time. We have inferred the overwinteriug distributions of larvae captured in the spring in the Sheepscot hver estuary, Maine, by analyzing changes in the concentrations ratios of strontium to calcium in the otoliths. These ratios vary as a function of temperature and thus act as a biological recorder of water temperatures experienced by an individual larva throughout its life history. Results suggest that the spring peak of herring larvae inshore represents larvae which overwintered offshore in the Gulf of Maine, implying that larvae whch enter the inshore nursery areas in the fall do not survive.


A coordinated effort to combine all three methods that are used to determine the physical parameters of interstellar gas in the heliosphere has been undertaken. In order to arrive at a consistent parameter set that agrees with the observations of neutral gas, pickup ions and UV backscattering we have combined data sets from coordinated observation campaigns over three years from 1998 through 2000. The key observations include pickup ions with ACE and Ulysses SWICS, neutral atoms with Ulysses GAS, as well as UV backscattering at the He focusing cone close to the Sun with SOHO UVCS and at I AU with EUVE. For the first time also the solar EUV irradiance that is responsible for photo ionization was monitored with SOHO CELIAS SEM, and the He I 58.4 nm line that illuminates He was observed simultaneously with SOHO SUMER. The solar wind conditions were monitored with SOHO, ACE, and WIND. Based on these data the modeling of the interstellar gas and its secondary products in the heliosphere has resulted in a consistent set of interstellar He parameters with much reduced uncertainties, which satisfy all observations, even extended to earlier data sets. It was also established that a substantial ionization in addition to photo ionization, most likely electron impact, is required, with increasing relative importance closer to the Sun. Furthermore, the total combined ionization rate varies significantly with solar latitude, requiring a fully three dimensional and time dependent treatment of the problem.


'And the trouble is, if you don't risk anything, you risk even more'Erica JongAS I write this comment column, the death toll from the Pacific tsunami has just passed 175,000.The Indian Government has announced that it will install early warning pressure monitors on the ocean bed to minimise the risk of future catastrophes on the same scale.When questioned by journalists why these had not been put in place before, the spokesman argued that the risk had not been perceived as a top priority.It is hard to argue with the logic, despite the appalling loss of life. The Sumatra quake and resultant tsunami dwarfed anything seen in the previous 200 years in size and consequences (see diagram 1 below) and left witnesses struggling for words to describe the event.Anticipating such a catastrophe is beyond most risk management models which use hard data.For example, consider the statistics in diagram 1 : there is no historical regularity and the number of variables (such as rising population in general and in particular areas) means that the data can only reflect a general picture of human tragedy.They may act as a spur to action, on the grounds that any one life is worth the effort, but as guidelines for international risk management, they offer no real assistance.Then again, how do you act to reduce risks to human populations in the face of low-probability, high-impact catastrophic events and a finite budget?Such strategic risk management comes to the fore when a major incident hits the headlines and luckily most of us have never been touched by such events.However, operational risk management is something we, as administrative managers, encounter and have to deal with nearly every day.While not necessarily life-threatening, we have to identify, assess and manage risks which could seriously harm our organisation's prosperity or inhibit its conversion of opportunities.The danger is that we focus on the operational rather than take into account the strategic element.In this issue, we provide examples of strategic and operational risk management which we are sure will provide useful information and tips for improving your systems.However, as we researched this area of activity, it became evident that risk management was something which administrative managers have absorbed until it became an integral part of the role.This has caused us to wonder at the IAM if risk management is an area that should receive more weight in our programmes.Before we go any further, we need to know whether this involvement is as widespread as we believe - and we really need your help with this - please let us know.But back to the case studies - and to an example which can be lifethreatening.The PPA Group (Pages 20-21) makes aircraft structural transparencies - windscreens and windows to you and me - and I can't think of anything which I would want less than 100 percent riskmanaged than these items.As an SME, their systems need to satisfy a daunting range of clients, and yet they seem to have taken operational risk management in their stride.The company has been far-sighted and has not shirked from taking a strategic perspective.This thoughtful piece forces us to consider the wider view - especially in terms of manufacturing. …


Powerful techniques have been developed for calculating the plane wave response of horizontally layered models.This method is quite general and is widely used in synthetic wave algorithms.The generalized reflection and transmission method takes an important role in this formalism,it can determine the complicate response of a series layers.Expansion in series of the reflection and transmission matrix can help us to deep understand the contributions of the multiple reflections and transmissions.


In Japanese text mining, word segmentation and POS tagging are indispensable. However, there are a lot of colloquial expressions in Web text and it is hard for conventional NLP techniques to process such text. Considering that the major source of the error arises from katakana verbs and adjectives, this paper presents a method of acquiring katakana verbs and adjectives from large Web text.


This workshop introduces participants to Subversion, a version control system. Participants will work with an established repository (containing a web site) so they can focus on key, daily-use concepts, such and committing, updating, resolving conflicts, branching and merging. Using a web site model is familiar and allows viewing of all changes during the workshop exercises. Additionally, we will demonstrate installation of a Subversion server and creating a repository as time allows. This workshop is for people completely new to using a version control system or for those new to using one in a group environment where conflicts will occur. A laptop is required. Linux, Mac and Windows will all work. Participants should download a Subversion client before the workshop so they'll be ready to hit the ground running.


The Apuseni Mountains are located between the large geothermal area of the Pannonian Basin and the low thermal flux Transylvanian Basin. Thermal and mineral waters have been sampled from 42 points along a NW-SE transect. The general chemistry and the water isotope (deuterium and oxygen-18) composition were analyzed. Most of the thermal aquifers are located in carbonate reservoirs. The waters mainly belong to the Ca-HCO3 hydrochemical type, excepting the western side, towards the Pannonian Basin, where the Na-HCO3 type may occur. The isotope composition indicates aquifer recharge from precipitation. The geochemical characteristics and the structural position of the study area suggest two distinct geothermal contexts. The Southern Apuseni area geothermal features are likely connected to the Neogene—Early Quaternary magmatic activity from the Mureş Valley and Zarand Depression. The geothermal manifestations in the north-western part of the study area, at the border between the Northern Apuseni and the Pannonian Depression, share features of the latter one.


Significance Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) were incorporated into the genome over millions of years but are mostly inactive. HERV-K subtype HML-2 is the most recently incorporated and its incidental expression occurs in a variety of pathological conditions. However, its physiological role is not understood. We discovered that the envelope protein of this virus plays a critical role in early embryonic development. It is expressed at high levels on the surface of pluripotent stem cells and signals via direct binding to CD98HC, leading to activation of signaling pathways that regulate stem cell function. Down regulation of HML-2 env resulted in dissociation of the stem cell colonies and enhanced differentiation along neuronal pathways. Thus, HML-2 regulation is critical for human embryonic and neurodevelopment. Stem cells are capable of unlimited proliferation but can be induced to form brain cells. Factors that specifically regulate human development are poorly understood. We found that human stem cells expressed high levels of the envelope protein of an endogenized human-specific retrovirus (HERV-K, HML-2) from loci in chromosomes 12 and 19. The envelope protein was expressed on the cell membrane of the stem cells and was critical in maintaining the stemness via interactions with CD98HC, leading to triggering of human-specific signaling pathways involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT1)–mediated epigenetic changes. Down-regulation or epigenetic silencing of HML-2 env resulted in dissociation of the stem cell colonies and enhanced differentiation along neuronal pathways. Thus HML-2 regulation is critical for human embryonic and neurodevelopment, while it's dysregulation may play a role in tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration.


Deactivation of copper ion-exchanged mordenite (CuHM) catalysts with different copper contents by SO{sub 2} for NO reduction with NH{sub 3} was examined in a fixed bed flow reactor. A larger amount of deactivating agent deposits on the catalyst surface with the increase of copper contents under the same operating conditions. The deactivating agents deposited on the copper-exchanged mordenite catalysts were mainly (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4} and/or NH{sub 4}HSO{sub 4} from the results of thermal analyses such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The formation of the ammonium salts largely depends on the reaction temperature and SO{sub 3} concentration generated from SO{sub 2} oxidation which is a reaction catalyzed primarily by copper ions on the catalyst surface. The catalytic activity and surface area of the deactivated catalysts are well-correlated with the sulfur content deposited on the catalyst surface, depending upon the reaction temperatures and its catalyst copper contents.


In the vote-systems developed on c#.net platform,the method that use percentage to show the result has a better statistics effect than that count of votes directly.As the illogical discrepancy of percentage expression exist in the vote-system,the article has centralized studied the influence that the discrepancy makes on the statistics results of vote system,and has analysed the cause of the produce of the above discrepancy.Finally,a new method that can reduce the resultant discrepancy is put forward,which has a great reference value on the promotion of network information technology develop to a direct of high-precision.


A new kind of multi-functional demonstrating apparatus is introduced in this paper.Using the high voltage which is produced by this generator as power supply,many simulating experiments such as electrostatic precipitation,step voltage,point discharge and ignition system for internal combustion engine might be performed.Plus its function as a negative ion generator,this apparatus is multi-functional.


The consumer loan application, which enables the individual to obtain the goods or services they want to buy by borrowing from the bank, has been used since 1928 in the world and 1988 in Turkey, and credit cards have been actively used by consumers since the 1950s. Both consumer loans and credit cards provide economic mobility to individuals who cannot meet their cash needs by their own means. In this study, the effect of the pandemic announced in March 2020 on consumer loans and credit card amounts in Turkey was examined. The study is based on the hypotheses that the pandemic has statistically significantly increased consumer loan and credit card amounts. The hypotheses of the study were confirmed as a result of the analyzes carried out by the SPSS 26.0 package program Independent T-Test, taking into account the 2017 – 2021 loan and credit card amounts of the BRSA. Post-pandemic consumer loan amounts and credit card amounts showed statistically significant differences compared to pre-pandemic. The analyzes were tried to be evaluated from the point of view of Institutional Economics. It has been commented that if the increased credit and credit card amounts during the pandemic period cannot be paid by the consumers on the due dates, the banking sector may experience a credit contraction, while individual borrowing that does not create added value will adversely affect the economic indicators in the long run and there may be a cyclical fluctuation.


The current study investigates a chemical-looping-based oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) concept for ethane-to-ethylene conversion. In this cyclic redox scheme, an oxide-based redox catalyst is used to selectively combust hydrogen from ethane dehydrogenation. As the hydrogen product limits ethane conversion, in situ oxidation of hydrogen enhances the ethane conversion and ethylene yield. Moreover, heat required in ODH is compensated by re-oxidation of the oxygen-deprived redox catalyst, enabling auto-thermal operation for the overall process. Compared to steam cracking, CL-ODH can potentially achieve higher efficiency with lower CO2 and NOx emissions. Silica and magnesia-supported manganese oxides are investigated. It is determined that unpromoted Mn/SiO2 and Mn/MgO redox catalysts exhibit low selectivity towards ethylene. The addition of promoters such as sodium and tungsten renders effective redox catalysts with satisfactory activity, selectivity, oxygen carrying capacity, and redox stability.