Metallic nanoparticles are more and more widely used in an increasing number of applications. Consequently, they are more and more present in the environment, and the risk that they may represent for human health must be evaluated. This requires to increase our knowledge of the cellular responses to nanoparticles. In this context, macrophages appear as an attractive system. They play a major role in eliminating foreign matter, e.g. pathogens or infectious agents, by phagocytosis and inflammatory responses, and are thus highly likely to react to nanoparticles. We have decided to study their responses to nanoparticles by a combination of classical and wide-scope approaches such as proteomics. The long term goal of this study is the better understanding of the responses of macrophages to nanoparticles, and thus to help to assess their possible impact on human health. We chose as a model system bone marrow-derived macrophages and studied the effect of commonly used nanoparticles such as TiO2 and Cu. Classical responses of macrophage were characterized and proteomic approaches based on 2D gels of whole cell extracts were used. Preliminary proteomic data resulting from whole cell extracts showed different effects for TiO2-NPs and Cu-NPs. Modifications of the expression of several proteins involved in different pathways such as, for example, signal transduction, endosome-lysosome pathway, Krebs cycle, oxidative stress response have been underscored. These first results validate our proteomics approach and open a new wide field of investigation for NPs impact on macrophages.


As a diagnostic aid in emergency services, ultrasound has expanded considerably in recent years. Among its applications, ocular ultrasonography allows for a better evaluation of patients with ophthalmological emergencies. In addition, it provides a simple and easy technique to obtain clinical information that may not be easily accessible either through the clinical examination or by using the ophthalmoscope. Ocular ultrasonography can help to diagnose hemorrhage and retinal detachment and/or vitreous, eye infections, foreign bodies, retrobulbar hematomas, papilledema, and eye trauma. By measuring the diameter of the optic nerve sheath, intracranial hypertension could be screened. This article reviewed the approach to eye exam by ultrasound and common ophthalmic pathologies diagnosed with ultrasound in the emergency department.


Since the introduction of the DRG system in 2004, the German hospital market experienced a stream of consolidations in terms of mergers and acquisitions, resulting in a decreasing number of hospital owners. In this study, I examine the ex-ante characteristics of hospitals prior to a merger or an acquisition occurring between 2005 and 2010 in Germany, predominantly focusing on the financial conditions of hospitals. The results reveal that hospitals with a higher probability of default and less liquid resources are more often the targets of acquisitions. On the other hand, hospitals with a lower equity-to-assets ratio exhibit a higher probability of merger. This pattern can be explained by different motives and rationales of hospital chains and potential investors.


Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical tool that has proven useful in controls applications, including controllers for aircraft, trains, and even commercial appliances. Its ability to utilize linguistic rules to provide an effective control action makes it an attractive option for useful situations. Due to its characteristic of being a universal approximator, given observability and controllability of the states, fuzzy controllers are capable of approximating any ideal non-linear mapping to any desired degree of accuracy. The goal of this effort, conducted within the framework, of an undergraduate independent research program, is to develop fuzzy controllers for two two-degree-of-freedom systems and investigate their robustness properties. The developed controllers were successfully implemented using Quanser hardware in the "Most Aero Labs" at the University of Cincinnati. The two experimental benchmarks included a Self-Erecting, Single Inverted Pendulum, and a twodegree-of-freedom helicopter.


The simulation of many simple creatures whose interactions lead to complex global phenomena is of great interest to many people. Because simulations of this type are often computationally intensive, it is often useful to distribute the simulation across several computers connected by a network. A distributed octree data structure achieves both rapid computation of the creatures' actions as well as distribution of these computations among several computers. This approach exploits many of the constraints on creatures with limited visual ranges in a three dimensional space in order to allow simulation of many creatures in real time. This work will eventually lead to the construction of a Virtual Fishtank that will allow users to experiment with the phenomena that arise from the behaviors of many simple, interacting creatures. Thesis Supervisor: Bruce Blumberg Title: Assistant Professor of Media Arts & Sciences An Approach to Distributed Sensing in a Virtual Fishtank


Several new Iberian hybrid species of Centaurea L. (Compositae) are here described, and some new nomenclatural combinations are also proposed. Key words: Centaurea, hybrids, vascular plants, taxonomy, Spain.


Yutpan-type petroglyphs were discovered on stones for the foundation of Hangpaduri castle in Jeju-do, the southern island off the coast of the Korean Peninsula. Those stones are 79×50cm in dimensions. At the core of the stones, Yutpan, a board for playing a traditional Korean game called Yut, were engraved. Based on the discovery of engraved Yutpan on the stones in scarcity, it deserves attention. In particular, the relics have only been discovered a total of 7 pieces found in 5 different locations in the Korean Peninsula. In addition, it was the first time in Jeju-do. This article aims at giving insight about the purpose of this Yutpan, which was used for particular rites rather than a game. Inevitably, a point of view about the traditional Feng-Shui(風水) needs to be considered, when examining Yutpan-type petroglyphs on the foundation stones. For instance, the key point of Bibo Feng-Shui(裨補風水) is to compensate insufficiency and to restrain overflow. Then, Yutpans were only excavated on certain foundation stones. It describes the possibility that Yutpan-type petroglyphs on foundation stones could be expedient of Bibo Feng-Shui. On the other hand, this could mean being a ritual symbol after the era of Doseon(道詵) styled Feng-Shui, further studies will place pinpoints its use. Like earlier studies determined, Yutpan-type petroglyphs are ritual correlatives, which stand for the faith of Big Dipper. In other words, those are specifically Taoisticre presentations as well as occultism symbolic icons in order to embody astronomical and celestial ideal orders into the earth. Through placing esoteric characteristic objects on the foundation stone, the pillars of the building eventually cover the Yutpan. Thereby, it contains the sense of surreptitious 'Esotericism' by not being exposed simply. Thus, the size of Yutpan, carved on the foundation stones are little smaller than the diameters of pillar. Therefore, Yutpan is construed as an occultist symbolic icon by 'being concealed'. Hypothetically, Yutpan-type petroglyphs at Hangpaduri in Jeju can be analyzed as ritual correlatives of character described as below. 1) In emergency, Sambyeolcho, a special military troop in Goryeo Dynasty, built temporary architectures, which include occultist iconic objects depicting the orbit of the Big Digger. 2) In order to implement a geometrical complete space, where astronomical orders are reflected in. 3) In order to achieve Sambyeolcho's ideals, resistance and establishing a kingdom. Hence, Yutpan-type petroglyphs discovered from Hangpaduri relics in Jeju-do symbol in relation with general builder's rite. Consequentially, these relics heighten the value in terms of being created as a symbolic meaning of constructional rites as well as the oldest chronological artifact found in Jeju-do.


Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the [NEt4]+ salt of the [2-Ph-closo-2-CB6H6]− anion, obtained from [4-Ph-arachno-4-CB8H13] and NEt3 in refluxing toluene, substantiates the anion as the first structurally characterised seven-vertex monocarbaborane.


There is currently a global wave of protest movements whose militant tactics cannot be subsumed under the category of nonviolent civil disobedience. There has, concurrently, been a surge of interest among political philosophers in the idea of 'uncivil disobedience', with a range of theorists converging on the view that there is often no compelling rationale for limiting dissent to the nonviolent repertoire associated with civil disobedience. This discussion piece reconsiders deliberative democratic approaches to activism and protest in light of these political and philosophical developments. It argues that the tendency to frame protest through the catch-all category of 'non-deliberative' behaviour elides the distinction between civil and uncivil disobedience, treating as analogous forms of conduct that are quite different in terms of their potential consequences and their ethical complexion. The paper focuses in particular on the difficult case of violence, exploring the normative scope for deliberative theorists to treat it as a potentially legitimate mode of uncivil resistance.


IN HIS PAPER (AN EXAMINATION OF THE THEORY OF 'STOCHASTIC MEDIA', MINING DEPARTMENT MAGAZINE, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, VOL. NO. XIV, 1962) DR. D.S. BERRY CRITICALLY DISCUSSES RESEARCH WORK ON THE APPLICATION OF THE METHODS OF STOCHASTIC PROCESSES TO THE MECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA AND TO ROCK MECHANICS. BERRY'S PAPER INDICATES AN INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT DISCUSSED. CONSEQUENTLY, ONE CANNOT AGREE WITH HIS OBJECTION THAT THE APPLIED STOCHASTIC METHODS ARE DEPRIVED OF ANY PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION. BERRY'S CONVICTION THAT THE STOCHASTIC METHOD REDUCES TO THE APPLICATION OF THE SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE, IN THE SAME SENSE AS IT IS USED IN EMPIRICAL FORMULAS DETERMINING SURFACE SUBSIDENCE, DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO REAL FACTS. IN DR. BERRY'S PAPER, A FALSE LIGHT HAS BEEN THROWN ON THE PROBLEM OF APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC PROCESSES TO MECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA AND GROUND MOVEMENT PHENOMENON. /AUTHOR/


An initial interface for thermophysical data was generalized for broader incorporation into modeling and simulation codes used for molten salt reactor analysis. A quality assurance review of the thermophysical properties data was conducted; errors were fixed, and improvements were made with consistency and accuracy to references. The Saline code application programming interface was created to facilitate access and integration of thermophysical properties. This report describes the thermophysical data, the quality assurance improvements, and the Saline interface.


Stylometry has gained great popularity in digital humanities and social sciences. Many works on stylometry have recently been reported. However, there is a research gap regarding review studies in this field from a bibliometric and evolutionary perspective. Therefore, in this paper, a bibliometric analysis of publications from the Scopus database in the stylometric research field was proposed. Then, research articles published between 1968 and 2021 were collected and analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package for bibliometric analysis via the Biblioshiny web interface. Empirical results were also presented in terms of the performance analysis and the science mapping analysis. From these results, it is concluded that there has been a strong growth in stylometry research in recent years, while the USA, Poland, and the UK are the most productive countries, and this is due to many strong research partnerships. It was also concluded that the research topics of most articles, based on author keywords, focused on two broad thematic categories: (1) the main tasks in stylometry and (2) methodological approaches (statistics and machine learning methods).


This paper will describe the experimental and analytical work that has been done to establish justification and feasibility for a Shuttle mid-deck experiment involving mass transfer between a gas bubble and a liquid. The experiment involves the observation and measurement of the dissolution of an isolated, immobile gas bubble of specified size and composition in a thermostatted solvent liquid of known concentration in the reduced gravity environment of earth orbit. Methods to generate and deploy the bubble have been successful both in normal gravity using mutually buoyant fluids and under reduced gravity conditions in the NASA Lear Jet. Initialization of the experiment with a bubble of a prescribed size and composition in a liquid of known concentration has been accomplished using the concept of unstable equilibrium. Subsequent bubble dissolution or growth is obtained by a step increase or decrease in the liquid pressure. A numerical model has been developed which simulates the bubble dynamics and can be used to determine molecular parameters by comparison with the experimental data. The primary objective of the experiment is the elimination of convective effects that occur in normal gravity. The results will yield information on transport under conditions of pure diffusion.


Abstract Sarah Steele was a young woman who lived her whole life with a rare disabling condition, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), and in a family that include religion professor, clergy woman, and two siblings. Her death in 2017 and subsequent memorial service drew together multiple communities with whom she had been involved, and included reflections by her father, mother, and two siblings. Her father, Richard Steele, and her mother, Marilyn Hair, had both written and published other essays about their journey with Sarah in the Journal of Disability and in others. Bill Gaventa, with the permission and help of the family, summarizes some of the human and theological dimensions of their journey.


This paper explores the value of photo elicitation as a method for investigating the role played by small town main streets in Scottish island communities in sustaining cultural identity, community, and a sense of place. In particular, it critically evaluates the photo elicitation techniques used during a multidisciplinary pilot study, conducted in Kirkwall, Orkney, in 2010. A number of techniques were used, including a photographic exhibition, discussion groups, extended face-to-face interviews, and the creation of a special Facebook page. Throughout all approaches, participants were presented with old and current photographs of the main street, together with some novel ˜merged images combining both historical and contemporary views. These elicitation techniques proved successful in obtaining rich, detailed, qualitative data from 164 informants, who each shared their personal memories and perceptions of the social and cultural role of the Kirkwall main street. Indeed, the very process of identifying familiar buildings, landmarks and faces from photographs (both past and present) appeared to reinforce the participants cultural identity.


Antibacterial peptides were widely spread in bio-organism and had wide spectrum antibacterial ability.They were innate immunity defense system and also could inhibit virus and cancer cells.With the traditional antibiotic function mechanism dissimilarity,the antibacterial peptides would not cause the anti-medicine germ,was the ideal substitute of the new generation antibiotics,and had fine market exploitation foreground.


The adsorption of two ruthenium-based dye complexes containing dipyrrin-based ligands has been studied on the rutile TiO2(110) surface using synchrotron-based electron spectroscopy. The dye complexes studied were bis(5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,6-dipyrrin)bis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) and bis(5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,6-dipyrrin)(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). The dye molecules were deposited using in situ electrospray deposition, which allows for the deposition of thermally fragile molecules in ultrahigh vacuum. Photoemission studies were used to provide experimental data on the bonding geometry of the dye complexes to the rutile TiO2(110) substrate and to provide data on molecular orbitals involved in the charge transfer process. DFT calculations of the molecules adsorbed onto the rutile TiO2(110) surface have also been performed to identify the most energetically favorable bonding geometry.


With the rising costs of higher education, an increasing share of which is borne by students and their families, governments have had to design student loans schemes to open higher education to all. A popular option among economists is income-contingent loans, where repayment is calculated as a share of the borrower's income to avoid high repayment burden. However, the three flagship countries for income-contingent loans—Australia, England, and New Zealand—are all currently experiencing financing issues. This raises the question of defining the correct specification of income-contingent loans schemes, as well as finding the proper balance between different financial aid policies.


Very initial stage of oxidation process of Si (001) surface at room temperature (300 K) and high temperature (1200 K) was investigated using large scale molecular dynamics simulation. Reactive force field potential [1] was used for the simulation owing to its ability to handle charge variation as well as breaking and forming of bonds associated with the oxidation reaction. The results show that oxygen molecules adsorb dissociatively or otherwise leave the silicon surface. Initial position and orientation of oxygen molecule above the surface play important role in determining final state and time needed to dissociate. At 300 K, continuous transformation of ion Si (or suboxide Si2O) to Si2 (SiO), Si3 (Si2O3) and finally to Si4 (SiO2) clearly observed. High temperature silicon surface provide heat energy that enable oxygen atom to penetrate into deeper silicon surface. The heat energy also retards adsorption process. As a result, transformation of ion Si is impeded at 1200 K.


The AIDS virus is very commonly spread through sex and also through coming in to contact with infected blood. To prevent spreading of the AIDS virus it is very important to have safe sex with the help of a condom that can be bought at most chemist shops and is free at Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinics.


Four mononuclear Cu(I) complexes were prepared, described as [Cu(N,N)2]PF6 (1) and [Cu(N,N)(P,P)]PF6 (2–4), where N,N is N-(1-(2H-indazol-2-yl)ethylidene)-2,6-diisopropylaniline and P,P are phosphine derived ancillary ligands (bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (POP), bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) or 2 PPh3). These new species were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, elemental analyses, cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis – emission spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. In addition, complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The four complexes showed an MLCT absorption band between 400 and 450 nm, in addition to a weakly structured phosphorescence in a 4:1 ethanol:methanol glassy matrix at 77 K. Complexes 2–4 have emission profiles that resemble the phosphorescence of the protonated N,N ligand, suggesting a triplet LC character of the lowest lying excited state at 77 K. By contrast, a mixed MLCT/LC triplet emission is most likely responsible for the phosphorescence in complex 1. Weak ligand-centered emission is also detected in the solid state at room temperature but only in the case of complexes 2 and 4, suggesting thermally activated deactivation processes in the case of 1 and 3. Notably, the transient absorption spectroscopy of complexes 2–4 in CH2Cl2 solution confirms a strong contribution from a ligand-centered (LC) triplet excited state, pointing towards a mixed 3MLCT/3LC character of the transient species in solution at room temperature, undergoing a non-radiative deactivation in the μs time-scale. This behavior markedly differs from that observed for complex 1, whose short-lived 3MLCT excited state is followed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.


We use the conditional symmetry approach to study the $r$-evolution of a minisuperspace spherically symmetric model both at the classical and quantum level. After integration of the coordinates $t$, $\theta$ and $\phi$ in the gravitational plus electromagnetic action the configuration space dependent dynamical variables turn out to correspond to the $r$-dependent metric functions and the electrostatic field. In the context of the formalism for constrained systems (Dirac - Bergmann, ADM) with respect to the radial coordinate $r$, we set up a point-like reparameterization invariant Lagrangian. It is seen that, in the constant potential parametrization of the lapse, the corresponding minisuperspace is a Lorentzian three-dimensional flat manifold which obviously admits six Killing vector fields plus a homothetic one. The weakly vanishing $r$-Hamiltonian guarantees that the phase space quantities associated to the six Killing fields are linear holonomic integrals of motion. The homothetic field provides one more rheonomic integral of motion. These seven integrals are shown to comprise the entire classical solution space, i.e. the space-time of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, the $r$-reparametrization invariance since one dependent variable remains unfixed, and the two quadratic relations satisfied by the integration constants. We then quantize the model using the quantum analogues of the classical conditional symmetries, and show that the existence of such symmetries yields solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation which, as a semiclassical analysis shows, exhibit a good correlation with the classical regime. We use the resulting wave functions to investigate the possibility of removing the classical singularities.


The use of spaceborne Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers has increased as space mission designers seek to obtain high quality navigation and science data. Receiver selection is often complicated, however, by specific mission requirements and non-uniform manufacturer testing standards. A uniform set of benchmark tests was defined by which receivers may be independently evaluated for a variety of space mission requirements. In addition, a subset of these tests was performed and documented. The receivers used for this study included the Mitel Architect, Zarlink Orion, Goddard Space Flight Center PiVoT, Jet Propulsion Laboratory BlackJack, Trimble Force-19, Johnson Space Center Ship Channel, Surrey SGR-20, Asthech G12, and NovAtel Millenium. This study sought to characterize the raw measurement accuracy and tracking loop errors by using a GPS constellation simulator. To this end, a differencing technique was introduced which preserves systematic errors in the solution. The results of this study showed correctable systematic errors in two of the receivers which were tested. Raw measurement accuracy was also verified for all the tested receiver models.


SUBTITLE: STRUGGLING WITH A WEAK FARE ENVIRONMENT, FRONTIER IS FORGING AHEAD WITH ITS BUSINESS PLAN, ADDING NEW AIRCRAFT AND STRIVING FOR MORE GATES IN DENVER.


The United Nations announces the publication of the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in a multilingual edition: English, French, Russian and Spanish. All papers appear in the language in which they were presented at the Conference, followed by corresponding abstracts in the other languages.


When the base station knows imperfect channel state information(CSI) with limited estimation errors,the robust precoding scheme based on signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) constraints is less feasible.In this paper,a precoding scheme based on signal to leakage plus noise ratio(SLNR) is proposed for MIMO downlinks.By solving a series of semidefinite program(SDP) problems,the proposed design minimizes the total transmitted power under each user's SLNR constraint.At the same time,it can dynamically allocate each user's SLNR threshold according to their channel states,so it is more feasible than the similar SINR-based precoding scheme.In the case of having higher estimation errors for CSI,a channel modification matrix based on the minimum mean square error(MMSE) is used to increase feasibility of the proposed precoding method.Simulation results show that the proposed precoding scheme is robust to channel estimation errors,and can achieve optimal solutions with higher probability.Moreover,it has a better bit error rate performance than similar SINR-based precoding.


The rise and fall of the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ upon tuning carrier density or external parameters, such as pressure or magnetic field, is ubiquitously observed in a wide range of quantum materials. In order to investigate such domes of $T_c$, we go beyond the prototypical attractive Hubbard model, and consider a lattice model of electrons coupled via instantaneous, spatially extended, attractive interactions. By numerically solving the mean-field equations, as well as going beyond mean field theory using a functional renormalization group approach, we find that for a characteristic interaction range $\ell$, there exists a dome in $T_c$ around $k_F \ell \! \sim \! {\mathcal{O}}(1)$. For multiband systems, our mean field theory shows the presence of additional domes in the vicinity of Lifshitz transitions. Our results hold in both two and three dimensions and can be intuitively understood from the geometric relation between the Fermi surface and the interaction range. Our model may be relevant for domes of $T_c$ in dilute weakly coupled superconductors or in engineered cold atom systems.


Although the details of each case naturally differed, there were certain similarities between them. In each case pruritus, rather than any particular skin reaction, was the main feature, and this was associated with agitation. The skin reaction appeared secondary to the pruritus and could be shown to be due to scratching. Thus relief of the depression obtained by use of E.C.T. was accompanied by a cessation of pruritus and an immediate improvement in the skin condition. In those cases in which a relapse of the depression occurred it was noticed that pruritus, with scratching, returned before the skin condition reappeared. All cases showed evidence of the endogenous type of depression. Disturbed sleep, with early waking, loss of weight and appetite, and low spirits, with diurnal variation, were common. The favourable response to E.C.T. was also confirmatory evidence of the affective nature of the illness. Apart from ideas of hopelessness, however, none of the patients showed psychotic thought content. This fact is interesting and perhaps explains why the depressive nature of the illness remained unrecognized in some cases for months or years. It is well known that anxiety and obsessional states may be symptoms of an underlying depression, and the neurotic picture so presented may be misleading. That somatic symptoms are also common is equally well known, but it does not appear to be generally recognized that pruritus, with skin reaction, may be the main presenting symptom of melancholia. In some instances the response to E.C.T. was dramatic, in others less so, but in every case the skin condition closely followed the mental state of the patient. No claim is made that E.C.T. benefits skin conditions as such, except when they are secondary to a disorder that itself responds to E.C.T.


Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20. Design /Methodologies/Approach: We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020. Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study.


Absrtact:Using OpenGL,A real 3D World Model with Texture Mapping is built based on digital earth model(DEM) and the Satellite image data, The model has the basic functions such as rotation, zoom, discussed the technique of optimization.The 3D model has important meaning in understanding the space structure of the earth and mechanism of OpenGL Modeling.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a viable electronic material for sensing and molecular electronic devices since discovery of carbon nanotubes [l]. In this early stage of research and development of C N T s for industrial applications, most of nanotubes are grown as randomly and entangled strings on substrates, which have little interests to engineers. For electronic device research, majority of research has been focused on manipulation of carbon nanotubes using STM or AFM to study the electrical transport effect [2-81. Highly ordered carbon nanotubes grown on Si substrate is imperative for electronic device applications. Several groups [9-131 reported growth of aligned carbon nanotubes. Li et al. [9] reported the first aligned carbon nanotubes directly on Silica substrate. This type of aligned carbon nanotubes has little applications for electronic devices because the nanotubes can not be isolated fiom each other. Recently, successful growth of vertically aligned multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) through the anodized aluminum oxide (MO) nano-porous template has attracted the engineers' interests [ 113. This is because both the diameter and the length of nanotubes are controllable by using the template and also the A124 template provides a perfect insulating material for isolation of conductive nanotubes from each other. Suh et al. [12] also fabricated the similar nanotube array structure. However, the above highly ordered CNT arrays were successfully fabricated on aluminum substrates. Unfortunately, growth of highly ordered (vertically aligned) CNT arrays on silicon substrates was not successful. One group, Iwasaki et al. [13], tried fabrication of highly ordered CNT arrays on Si substrate. Their CNTs were sparsely grown on the substrate and the nano-template has no control of CNT growth. It is vital to fabricate CNT arrays directly on Si substrate with controllability for electronic device applications. 2


Active cell death ('apoptosis' or 'programmed cell death') is essential in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms and abnormal inhibition of apoptosis is an indicator of cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas excessive cell death might be implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using bioinformatics‐, Western‐blotting‐, yeast‐two‐hybrid‐system‐, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐, and fluorescence microscopy‐analyses, we demonstrate here that the neuroprotective protein p60TRP (p60‐transcription‐regulator‐protein) is a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) domain‐containing member of a new protein family that interacts with the Ran‐binding‐protein‐5 (RanBP5) and the protein‐phosphatase‐2A (PP2A). The additional findings of its influence on NNT1 and p48ZnF (new‐neurotrophin‐1, p48‐zinc‐finger‐protein)‐signaling and its down‐regulation in the brain of AD subjects point to a possible pivotal role of p60TRP in the control of cellular aging and survival. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Non-silica fibers have the intrinsic limitations in high power supercontinuum generation.High power mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silica photonic crystal fiber is firstly investigated in our studies. The dispersion of fiber is designed to be beneficial to supercontinuum broadening to mid-infrared region. Meanwhile,to withstand high pumping power,a relatively large core diameter is essential. On the premise of supercontinuum broadening to 3. 4 μm,fiber length is optimized to reduce the loss of the optical fibers. The results show that it is feasible to generate supercontinuum spectrum with 20 d B-bandwidth covering from 1 550 nm to 3 420 nm by injecting 1. 95 μm picosecond pulse into silica photonic crystal fiber with appropriate dispersion. The average power of the supercontinuum spectrum can reach 56. 6 W.


At the hydroelectric unit No. 11 of Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power plant, filling wedges of rotor were investigated by ultrasound in the free state, after "cold" and "hot" tight shrinking, and after 3000 and 8000 hours in operation. Capability is demonstrated to evaluate rim tightness of the rotor by data on the redistribution of compression efforts in the wedges.


This paper introduces the new concept of an active compensator augmented diode bridge rectifier wind system. The active compensator is used to inject reactive power to optimize the generator operation by adjusting the q- and d-axis currents to the optimal operating points. The size of the active compensator is a fraction of the full rating of the system. Therefore, the proposed idea is able to offer a cost-effective and optimal wind generator-power electronics solution. In this paper, the control method of the proposed system is also discussed. The introduced concept is verified with simulation results.


Communicative repair is a fundamental and universal element of interactive language use. It has been suggested that the persistence and elaboration after communicative breakdown in nonhuman primates constitute two evolutionary building blocks of this capacity, but the conditions favouring it are poorly understood. Because zoo-housed individuals of some species are more social and more terrestrial than in the wild, they should be more likely to show gestural redoings (i.e. both repetition and elaboration) after communicative failure in the coordination of their joint activities. Using a large comparative sample of wild and zoo-housed orang-utans of two different species, we could confirm this prediction for elaboration, the more flexible form of redoings. Specifically, results showed that gestural redoings in general were best predicted by the specific social action context (i.e. social play) and interaction dyad (i.e. beyond mother–offspring), although they were least frequent in captive Bornean orang-utans. For gestural elaboration, we found the expected differences between captive and wild research settings in Borneans, but not in Sumatrans (the more socially tolerant species). Moreover, we found that the effectiveness of elaboration in eliciting responses was higher in Sumatrans, especially the captive ones, whereas effectiveness of mere repetition was influenced by neither species nor setting. We conclude that the socio-ecological environment plays a central role in the emergence of communicative repair strategies in great apes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Revisiting the human 'interaction engine': comparative approaches to social action coordination'.


Due to introduction of smart phones with data intensive multimedia and interactive applications and exponential growth of wireless devices, there is a shortage for useful radio spectrum. Even though the spectrum has become crowded, many spectrum occupancy measurements indicate that most of the allocated spectrum is underutilised. Hence radically new approaches in terms of allocation of wireless resources are required for better utilization of radio spectrum.

This has motivated the concept of opportunistic spectrum sharing or
the so-called cognitive radio technology that has great potential to improve spectrum utilization. The cognitive radio technology allows an opportunistic
user namely the secondary user to access the spectrum of the licensed user (known as primary user) provided that the secondary transmission does not harmfully affect the primary user. This is possible with the introduction
of advanced resource allocation techniques together with the use of wireless relays and spatial diversity techniques.

In this thesis, various mathematical optimization techniques have been developed for the efficient use of radio spectrum within the context of spectrum sharing networks. In particular, optimal power allocation techniques and centralised and distributed beamforming techniques have been developed. Initially, an optimization technique for subcarrier and power allocation
has been proposed for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based secondary wireless network in the presence of multiple primary users. The solution is based on integer linear programming with
multiple interference leakage and transmission power constraints. In order to enhance the spectrum efficiency further, the work has been extended to allow multiple secondary users to occupy the same frequency band under a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) framework. A sum rate maximization technique based on uplink-downlink duality and dirty paper coding has been developed for the MIMO based OFDMA network. The work has
also been extended to handle fading scenarios based on maximization of ergodic capacity. The optimization techniques for MIMO network has been extended to a spectrum sharing network with relays. This has the advantage
of extending the coverage of the secondary network and assisting the primary network in return for the use of the primary spectrum. Finally, instead of considering interference mitigation, the recently emerged concept of
interference alignment has been used for the resource allocation in spectrum sharing networks. The performances of all these new algorithms have been demonstrated using MATLAB based simulation studies.


This chapter is devoted to the provision of guidance on the protection against lightning-related electric sparks to structures containing explosive or highly flammable materials that can generate an explosive atmosphere. These materials can take the form of solids, liquids, gases, vapours or dusts. In this chapter, 'structures' is the term used for vessels, tanks or other containers in which these materials are contained.


Purpose: To report a case of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: Case report. Results: An otherwise healthy 28-year-old white woman presented to an ophthalmology department with complaints of black paracentral vision scotomata on both eyes that appeared 2 days after receiving the first dose of Vaxzevria vaccine. Fundus examination revealed bilateral red brown petaloid lesions around the fovea. On spectral domain optical coherence tomography, a hyperreflective plaque between the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers along with disruption of ellipsoid zone/interdigitation zone was observed. A diagnosis of AMN was made. Conclusion: AMN may be an extremely rare adverse event of SARS-COV-2 vaccination, especially in patients with other risk factors. Synopsis: An otherwise healthy 28-year-old white woman was diagnosed with AMN 2 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.


THE cases of suppurative pericarditis treated by incision alnd drainage-are still, according to our medical records, very few and far between. This is no doubt due to the misfortune of only successful cases generally being published, and partly explains the favourable statistics to be drawn from tlhem, as shown in my paper in the Clinical Society's Transactions, vol. xxx. The following case, although unsuccessful, is another contribution towards this very limited list: J. W., aged 4, was admitted into the East London hlospital for Childreni, Shadwell, on January I3th, I898, under the care of my colleague, Dr. Coutts. He had been well up to three weeks before, when lie took cold and complained of pain in his chest, particularly on the right side. He had a very bad cough, and there was considerable difficulty in expectorating. One week before admission he became much worse, his breathing being very rapid, with profuse sweating at night. On admission, he was very aniemic and cyanotic at times; there was no vomiting, but constipation. The cardiac area was a little increased on percussion, and the heart sounds ratherfeeble. Pulse 124; temperature, 8 P.M., I01.60. Lungs were normal on percussion anteriorly, but there was some dulness at the right base, over whicil there was a patch of tubular breathing; over both lungs mucous rdles were heard. Respirations 44 per minute. Abdomen normal. January I4th, 8 A.M.-Pulse 120; respirations 4o. Local conditions about the same. 8 P.ms.-Temperature 100.60; pulse i8o; respirations I6o. Breathing more difficult, and heart sounds not so distinct. January I5th, 8 A.m.-Temperature, 96.80; pulse, 120; respirations, 48. Sick once. Heart sounds distant and feebly heard at apex; cardiac dulness increased. There is some extension of dulness at base of right lung, and tubular breathing especially hleard about the angle of the right scapula. At 8 P.mr. the temperature was 990; pulse, 120; respirations, 52. January i6th.-Temperature at midnight 970, and at 2 A.M. 99.40; at 8 A.M. 97.40, with pulse 120, and respirations 48. Vomited once. At 8 P.M. the temperature was 98.80. January I7th.-Midnight temperature, 970; at 2 A.M\. 99.60; at 8 A.M. 97.40. Vromited twice. At 8 P.M. the temperature was 980; pulse, 136; and respirations, c6 January i8th.--Temperature at midnight 970; at 8 A.Al. 97.6; pulse, I I2; respirations, 48. The cardiac dulness is now considerabiy increased, reaching lower border of first rib above, extending to the right three-quarters of an inch to right edge of sternum and to the left, one inch and a half outside the nipple line; the heart sounds are almost inaudible. Over the bases of both lungs there is dulness, with tubular breathing on the right side in patches, and harsh breathing on the left side. As the conditions pointed without doubt to a purulent collection in the pericardium, I was requested to see the case, and operation was decided on and performed at 1 I.30 A.MI. An incision an inch and a half long was made parallel to and over the fifth left costal cartilage. On exposing the cartilage the perichondrium was incised and separated as well as possible. One inch of the freed cartilage was removed with cutting forceps, the outer end being divided first. The edge of the left pleura could be distinctly seen, and an incision through the pericardial sc was made just internal to the pleura. The fluid as it gushed out was almost clear at first, becoming turbid, with flakes of lymph in it, until from the deepest part of the sac and its posterior diverticula typical pus escaped; altogether IO ounces were evacuated. The pericardial sac was not much thickened, but to the inner surface small fibrinous coagula were adherent. A gauze drain was inserted and the wound dressed. The cavitywas not irrigated. Just before the pericardium was opened the child stopped breathing. The radial pulse could not be felt; the pupils dilated, and the lips became purple; on the escapeof tlle fluid there were one or two gasps, followed by immediate improvement. Strychnine and brandy were injected subcutaneously, and when the child leit the theatre his pulse was better than before the operation. Tlle temperature, which after the operation was only 940 F., soon improved with hot bottles and brandy and hot water enema, rising within a half lhourto 980 F. In the evening the patient was sleeping calmly; pulse regular, but rapid, i6o per minute; temperature, 98.40 F.; respirations, 48. Food taken well, and no vomiting. January i9th.-Wound dressed, and dressings soaked with pus. Drainage tube put in instead of gauze drain. Pulse still fairly good, though rapid; temperature, 99.20 F. ; respirations, 48; ale nasi not working, riatlher full, but no cyanosis. Wound dressed in evening. Temperature rose to 1O2.60 F. at 6 P.M., but normal later in evening; pulse i6o; respirations, 5o per minute. January 2oth.-Another rise in temperature to 102.20 F. at IOA.M.; with a very slight fall it fuitlher rose at 6 P.Ai. to Io2.80 F. At 9 P..i., pulse very rapid, and also respirations, but no complaint of pain in chest. Tlherewas marked vertical nystagmus and internal squint in left eye, and altogetlher the child's condition was worse. At IO P.ir. tlere was noticed twitchinig of the right hand, whicll was followed about one minute after by a right-sided fit lasting about two minutes. Afterwards he was very collapsed, the pul.e being only just felt. AW ith ether and brandy hypodermically, and oxygen to inhale, lie improved a little. Later, twitchings of all hiis limbs and face came on, with lateral and vertical nystagmus. There was now a very feeble, rapid pulse, and cyanosis. This condition lasted through the night, the boy getting gradually more collapsed until his death at 7 A.M. on tlhe 2ISt. There was no evidence of and no history to suggest that the wlhole condition was pyiemic. Unfortunately no necropsy was permitted, so the pathological condition of the lungs and brain could not be ascertained. There was evidently a patchy broncho-pneumonia, and, from the head symptoms, presumably a rapidly developing meningitis. It would have been a matter of great interest to have corroborated the clinical evidence, for the pus from the pericardium gave, on cultivation, an almost pure growth of Friedlaender's pneumococcus.


Polymerization of styrene in the presence of [Ti(η5-C5H4tBu)Cl3]-methylaluminoxane has been investigated. The resultant polymer is essentially 100% syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS; by NMR and differe...


ABSTRACT Because design is a practice, a theory of design is not possible in the same sense as a theory of chemistry is. Socio-psychological theories of what designers do are not design theories. Knowledge of how to design cannot be reduced to theory, for reasons that grow out of the philosophy of science. This paper suggests, however, that there can be a theory of design in the sense of supporting theory, drawn from other disciplines, that employs a level or style of analysis that is uniquely suited to design practice. In particular, design theory might involve incompletely described objects or teleological explanation, since these are key features of design, and since the design process can be understood as moving from a functional description to a physical description of an object. INTRODUCTION The notion of a theory of design is problematic because design, like medicine or management, is a practice. Whereas chemistry or physics is defined by a set of phenomena it is assigned to study, design is defined by a task it is assigned to do. Chemical theory is clearly possible because one can organize one's knowledge of chemical phenomena in a systematic way. But it is not obvious that one can reduce knowledge of design practice to theory. I will argue that it is impossible to do this, for reasons that derive from a body of thought in the philosophy of science. I do not dispute that one can theorize about design practice in the sense that one can theoretically understand the socio-psychological phenomenon of design. But this, I will argue, does not issue in design theory. My claim is that one cannot theoretically organize one's knowledge of how to design. Despite this negative conclusion, I will identify a sense in which design theory is possible. Practical arts like design, medicine, and engineering are typically assisted by supporting theories that provide techniques and a basic understanding of the phenomenon one is trying to influence. These theories are generally part of other sciences. But a supporting theory may investigate a phenomenon, or employ a level or style of analysis, that is unique to the practice in question. At an extreme, one could say that even chemical theory is a supporting theory uniquely suited to the practice of chemistry, albeit one that does not reduce to theory all the knowledge required to practice chemistry. The possibility of design theory, then, turns on whether there are theoretical styles or subject matters that support design practice and are uniquely associated with it. I will suggest that there are. But on this understanding, design theory is in its infancy, and my rumination about what it might become must be treated as speculation. I begin below with a brief discussion of what is meant by "theory." After an even briefer definition of "design," I argue that a socio-psychological understanding of the design process is important but is not design theory. I then argue at some length that one cannot reduce practical design knowledge to theory. But this leaves open the possibility that there are supporting theories unique to design, and I suggest ways in which these can arise from the need to understand the behavior of incompletely described objects, which are characteristic of design. In particular, I discuss the potential for design theory in computational models, design representations, optimization models, and empirical investigations. I also point out that since part of what it means to design is to concoct a functional or teleological explanation of the resulting artifact, teleological theories can play a special role in design. I defend the notion of teleological explanation and suggest how it might lead to design theories. I make no attempt to survey systematically the literature that might be relevant to design theory. Several useful surveys can be found in the literature (Cross, Naughton and Walker 1980; Hubka 1980; Simon 1969; Suhl 990). …


Health sector reform efforts in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region have in recent years focused on strengthening the stewardship role of the public sector in regulating healthcare and assuring the quality of health services. Through regulatory approaches governments establish expectations for the competence of healthcare providers and institutions and for the quality of services these provide. This paper was commissioned to examine experiences in the region with the regulation of the quality of care of healthcare providers and facilities to derive lessons and implications for future policy development programming and research. The research was carried out through literature review and interviews with key informants. While this research is certainly not exhaustive of this extensive subject area it aims to provide insights into the challenges facing current initiatives in healthcare quality regulation and provide direction for the future. Three main approaches to quality regulation have been used by governments and professional bodies to ensure maintain and improve the quality of healthcare: licensing certification and accreditation. The three approaches are not mutually exclusive—each has a distinct purpose and can contribute to a country's overall strategy for ensuring quality of healthcare services—and indeed are complementary. All three approaches are based on evaluation of adherence to explicitly defined standards and strive to create uniformity of practice by service providers and delivery systems. The three approaches also differ in important ways: whether they are mandatory or voluntary; in the nature of the issuing or enforcing organization; with respect to what entity is the object of evaluation; in the level of detail of requirements and the scope of the standards; in the frequency with which evaluation in carried out; and in the assessment methodology used. (excerpt)


For many years, transitioning software from the research and development (R&D) community into operational systems has been challenging. Many of the issues are related to the differences between the research and operational infrastructures used. Historically, many R&D systems have implemented ad-hoc interfaces between components, using a variety of techniques that were frequently based on ease of use or programmer familiarity. At the other end of the spectrum, many large deployed operational systems have closed architectures with limited accessibility and proprietary application programming interfaces (APIs). These systems are often referred to as "stove-piped," due to their inability to integrate with other systems. There are often detailed requirements associated with the procurement of these systems that drive them toward these closed architectures. With the emergence of service-oriented architectures (SOAs), a set of technologies is now available that provides scalability, robustness, and standardized interoperability. Recently, the US Department of Defense (DoD) adopted SOAs and XML data representation as the basis of its net-centric push, which is encapsulated in its Net-Ready Key Performance Parameter (KPP). DoD systems integrating with its Global Information Grid (GIG) must satisfy this KPP. This paper describes the application of an aerospace decision support system within a SOA.


COVID-19 global pandemics have called for researchers to design a suitable non-primate animal model as a tool for the study of pathogenesis, drug, and vaccine candidates. Studies using rodents have recently been developed and conducted to provide insights for various possible approaches to studying COVID-19. Here, we discussed the rodent model of COVID-19, primarily utilizing mice with strains of BALB/c and C57BL to understand the course of the and vaccine efficacy research. We searched for several online databases that studied the SARS-CoV-2 infection in rodents and vaccine development. We then appraised and discussed animal models to enhance drug development and vaccine studies on COVID-19. We appraised, discussed, and summarized 13 papers regarding the administration routes, observations, and indications for the study and further discussed the benefits and limitations of the studies. We found that researchers have successfully produced a transgenic animal model transfected with human ACE2 (hACE2), a good model of COVID-19 related high viral load with clinicopathology mimicking humans. We also found that the aged mice model presented a more serious disease than the less mature ones. Description and characterization of transgenic mice strains should also be applied to acquire a suitable animal model for COVID-19. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to promote the number of pathogenic inflammation processes in BALB/c mice, which can be used for cytokines characterization, needed in drug and vaccine efficacy. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.


Actuator miniaturizations for reducing robot weight have been mainly discussed as an improvement of operation speed of the robot. However, it only expects the performance improving of actuator, so it is difficult to point contribution of robotics technology such as intelligent control. We have been trying to design the actuator small, examining the motion pattern and detail torque and necessary power for the movement of the robot, and we aim at the miniaturization of the robot. Furthermore, we proposed the design method using maximum torque of motor instead of using allowable continuous torque. In case of the proposed technique, the motor torque is higher than allowable continuous torque, and the temperature of the motor rises more than the tolerance. Therefore, motor temperature-rise should be estimated if the operation is possible under the allowable temperature of the motor. It means the motor temperature-rise is needed to estimate before operation. Then, the estimation method of the temperature-rise was proposed when the robot was operated. The method was also applied for the 4-legged robot with 6 wheels. The task model of five terrain floors and mission model of integrated terrain floors simulated for a power plant were chosen for the movement object of the robot, and computer simulation was done for that. In addition, the experiment was done to verify the computer simulation using the experiment equipment of the temperature-rise. As a result, we showed the proposed the model of the motor temperature-rise. As a result, we showed the proposed the model of the motor temperature-rise was useful, and we could design using maximum motor torque. When the motor temperature-rise was assumed to be 40/spl deg/C for the mission model, the improvement of the robot operation speed was 4.4 times. When the motor temperature-rise was assumed to be 20/spl deg/C, the improvement of the robot operation speed was 1.6 times.


With the emergence of alternative R&B, contemporary R&B and hip hop culture are being confronted with a subgenre that challenges its key characteristics. One of the aspects that typify alternative R&B is the emergence of an alternative masculinity. The aim of this study is to research whether the alternative masculinities represented in alternative R&B resist the hegemonic masculine ideal established within R&B and hip hop culture. To this end, this study conducts a textual analysis of the representations of gender in the work of Frank Ocean and The Weeknd, artists considered representative for alternative R&B. The analysis reveals that Ocean's work features successful nonnormative masculine identities, whereas The Weeknd refrains to representing postmodern exaggerations of the hegemonic male. Despite divergent representational strategies, both artists do engage in questioning what it means to be a man in R&B and hip hop culture and thereby at least attempt to challenge the supremacy of hegemonic masculinity.


Two kinds of ionic polymer membrane of poly(ethylene co vinyl alcohol) end-capped with sulfonic acid(EVOH-g-SO3H) have been prepared by two methods respectively,one way is solution casting technique and the other is electrospinning.The micro-morphologies of two membranes are studied by SEM respectively.Some properties,such as water sorption ratio,IEC value,mechanical property and protonic conductivity of the two membranes are compared.The results indicates that the mechanical property of the electrospun non-woven membranes is worse,but the water sorption ratio and IEC value is higher than that of cast membranes,and the protonic conductivity is 25.63×10-4Scm-1,is also higher than that of cast membranes.


Ines Salmoral and Denise McGuinness reflect on whether human donor milk should be made available for healthy term infants in the maternity setting


Cerebral hypoxia is a serious consequence of several cardiorespiratory illnesses. Measuring the retinal microvasculature at high altitude provides a surrogate for cerebral microvasculature, offering potential insight into cerebral hypoxia in critical illness. Additionally, while sex-specific differences in cardiovascular diseases are strongly supported, few have focused on differences in ocular blood flow. We evaluated the retinal microvasculature in males (n=11) and females (n=7) using functional optical coherence tomography at baseline (1,130m) (Day 0), following rapid ascent (Day 2) and prolonged exposure (Day 9) to high altitude (3,800m). Retinal vascular perfusion density (rVPD; an index of total blood supply), retinal thickness (RT; reflecting vascular and neural tissue volume) and arterial blood were acquired. As a group, rVPD increased on Day 2 vs. Day 0 (p<0.001) and was inversely related to PaO2 (R2=0.45; p=0.006). By Day 9, rVPD recovered to baseline, but was significantly lower in males vs. females (p=0.007). RT was not different on Day 2 vs. Day 0 (p>0.99) but was reduced by Day 9 relative to Day 0 and Day 2 (p<0.001). RT changes relative to Day 0 were inversely related to changes in PaO2 on Day 2 (R2=0.6; p=0.001) and Day 9 (R2=0.4; p=0.02). RT did not differ between sexes. These data suggest differential time course and regulation of the retina during rapid ascent and prolonged exposure to high altitude and are the first to demonstrate sex-specific differences in rVPD at high altitude. The ability to assess intact microvasculature contiguous with the brain has widespread research and clinical applications.


The first measurement of light scattering from rotations, as contrasted to strains, is reported in solids. Brillouin-scattering cross sections in rutile, previously expected to be equal in intensity, were found to differ by \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{3}$. The difference between the deduced photoelastic coefficients confirms quantitatively the recent prediction of this effect.


The main source of noise inside the passenger compartments of a broad class of transportation media (aircrafts, trains, buses, ships) stems from engine vibrations which are characterized by tonal low frequency content. Conventional passive noise control methods present limitations due to these low frequency components. Active noise control methods cannot cover broad spatial areas, due to the added noise e(cid:27)ect of secondary loudspeakers. The proposed approach is based on a fundamental active noise cancellation block, which consists of a pair of loudspeakers for each passenger seat placed next to the left and right ear accordingly, aiming to generate a broad quite zone around each passenger's head. Additionally, the proposed approach aims to minimize the e(cid:27)ect of the secondary (ANC) loudspeakers, in areas away from their intended control action. Thus, the proposed approach is rather modular and able to be adapted to many possible multiple seat con(cid:28)gurations in passenger compartments. The approach is veri(cid:28)ed in various multiple passenger seat con(cid:28)gurations, including con(cid:28)gurations of six passengers sitting in two groups of three seats, either adjacent, or facing each other or one in front of the other. In contrast to the classical approach, a modi(cid:28)ed methodology incorporating a linear, impedance based formulation is followed. The generated sound (cid:28)eld is investigated along with the scattering e(cid:27)ect of the heads of the passengers and (cid:28)nally the resulting quiet zones in the vicinity of the passengers' ears. The results indicate reductions of noise levels in these average quiet zones up to 15 dB, constituting a very promising foundation for real-time application of this ANC con(cid:28)guration.


The present diploma paper discusses the field of authentication and cryptology as a tool for authentication. The mostly used classic ways of authentication are presented, which are often also the most vulnerable ones. The mostly used way of authentication is the one with a username and a password. As people are required to create new passwords for different webpages, they are soon sated with the big amount of them, while the passwords get bad and vulnerable, because of the great number people have to remember. To solve this problem, a web application has been developed which enables authentication without a password, by using the Bitcoin system. The users authenticate themselves with the Bitcoin address. Thus the user does not have to remember a great number of passwords anymore, while a certain amount of anonymity at login is also possible.


IntroductionHumans are the only host for H.pylori, which is found in stomach, and in duodenum, oesophagus and rectum on areas of metaplastic gastric epithelium. Other helicobacter species have been isolated from the animals. Animal models of Helicobacter infection have been developed due to shared characteristics of other Helicobacters like H.mustelae and H. felis with H.pylori. H.pylori exists the world over and its prevalence in the population increases with age. In developed countries, prevalence increases about 1% per year of age where it is rare in children, and reaches 70% in the seventh decade. In developing countries, more than 50% children acquire the infection by the age of 10 years, and more than 80% of the population gets infected by the age of 20 years. In asymptomatic individuals prevalence of H.pylori infection varies from 31%-84%. H.pylori infection is chronic and once acquired remains life long, unless eradicated by antibiotics given for some other conditions. Humoral and tissue immune response by the host is usually not sufficient to clear the infection. Though the mode of transmission is not yet well established, most probably it takes place by oral-oral or faeco-oral route and important risk factors are socioeconomic status and age. Overcrowding, poor socio-economic status and poor hygiene are associated with high infection rate. Reinfection rate after eradication is quite high in developing countries due to the above mentioned risk factors. Colonisation of H.Pylori occurs by producing urease and gastric acid inhibitory protein. It can colonise only in gastric type epithelium and cannot stay anywhere else in the GI tract in absence of gastric mucosa. Metaplasia, which is present in more than 90% of patients of duodenal ulcer, occurs by replacing the columnar cells, normally covering the duodenal villi, by gastric type epithelium. Adhesion of H.pylori to the gastric epithelium occurs by tissue specific proteins. Colonisation of the duodenal bulb by H.pylori leads to mucosal inflammation which makes it vulnerable to attack by acid or pepsin or bile resulting into ulceration, however, factors leading to gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb are not known. Stimulation of the immune system of H.pylori contributes to host damage and it evades the immunological clearance. Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. It is now wellestablished that Helicobacter pylori infection predispose individuals toward gastric adenocarcinoma later in life. It has since been classified as a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Research suggests that the oncogenic effects of Helicobacter pylori can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including the indirect inflammatory effects of Helicobacter pylori on the gastric mucosa and the direct epigenetic effects of Helicobacter pylori on individual cells. Whilst infected with Helicobacter pylori, a combination of environmental and host-dependent factors determines the likelihood of developing gastric cancer. Controversy remains regarding the effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on the prevention of further progression of gastric lesions and the possibility for regression of atrophic gastritis. Material and Methods In this study, 80 malignant looking lesions biopsies were taken by endoscopy. The study was done between April 2016 to March 2017 in department of pathology, JLNMCH, Bhagalpur. Thorough histo pathological analysis were done with H & E stained slides and special stains for the detection on Helicobacter pylorii.e. Giemsa, Triple stain. Both male and female patients were taken into study with age group between 10 yrs to 70 yrs.


Over recent years, the eSport phenomenon has grown in players and audience. The broadcast of certain eSport events have become worldwide mass events. Conceiving eSport gaming as an actual sports pr...


Rising Tide Australia is part of the network of grassroots organizations that make up the global climate justice movement. The paper examines Rising Tide Australia as an example of a climate justice movement response to the coal industry and climate change. Rising Tide Australia's civil disobedience on 26th September 2010 when they shut down the export coal loading facilities in the Hunter Valley port of New Castle is a display of the community's outrage and the emergence of a militant form of participatory democracy with respect to climate change in which citizens directly intervene to stop economic activity that jeopardize sustainability locally and globally.


The synthesis and characterization of different pseudopeptidic hosts derived from open chain systems with C2 and C3 symmetry has been achieved. These receptors are based on structures containing phenylalanine amino acid residues and amine, amide, urea and thiourea groups as the structural elements providing their capability to interact with anions. The transport of chloride and organic anions of biological relevance (L-lactate, L-maleate and L-aspartate) through lipid bilayer membranes has been studied for these receptors. The chloride-binding properties of the selected hosts have been studied in solution by NMR titrations. In addition, in order to rationalize the results, lipophilicity studies have been carried out. It has been observed that transport activity is affected by the nature of the aliphatic central spacer and the side chains, the most active receptors being 9b, derived from a tripodal precursor with the shortest aliphatic side chain and 3c, derived from a bis(amino amide) but having the longest spacer. These hosts are more selective for the anion chloride than for the studied organic anions.


The free energy ΔG°, entropy ΔS°, and enthalpy ΔH° for the reaction:  AgL2+ = Ag+ + 2L in the gas phase were determined for 16 different ligands L which included oxygen bases such as H2O, MeOH, EtOH, Me2CO, and Me2SO, nitrogen bases NH3 and MeCN, and sulfur bases Me2S. The determinations were based on measurements of the exchange equilibria AgA2+ + B = AgAB+ + A and AgAB+ + B = AgB2 + A where A and B are different ligands L. The exchange equilibria were determined in a "high"-pressure ion source at 10 Torr bath gas containing A and B in the 10−100 mTorr range and using Ag(MeOH)2+ ions produced by electrospray. A scale of ΔG° values for the exchange reaction AgA2+ + 2B = AgB2+ + 2A was established and calibrated to the ΔG° for Ag(H2O)2+ = Ag+ + 2H2O, due to Holland and Castleman, obtaining thus absolute ΔG° values for all ligands involved. Theoretically calculated ΔS° values led to ΔH°. Comparison of the ΔG° and ΔH° results with binding energies for the same ligands in complexes with the alkali ions Li+ an...


The influence of different ratios of nitrate or ammonium nitrogen in nutrient solutions on growth, dry matter, the total nitrogen and nitrate content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar 'Vanity' grown in an aeroponicsystem was studied. Plants were grown with four nutrient solutions with NO 3 - to NH 4 + ratios of A, 100:0; B, 0:100; C, 50:50; D, 86.8:13.2. The highest average weight of 743 g/plant was measured during the first season in lettuce fed with 86.8% nitrate and 13.2% ammonium nitrogen. Treatment with 100% ammonium showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower harvest compared to others which did not show significant differences. The average nitrate content in the outer leaves was 92%, 40% and 13% lower in the B, C, D treatments, respectively, when compared to nitrate-only fed plants (A = 3497 mg kg - 1 ). In comparison to the outer leaves, a 2-3 times lower nitrate content was measured in the inner leaves. The most suitable with high harvests and low nitrate contents is lettuce supplied with 50% nitrate and 50% ammonium nitrogen in the nutrient solution.


The Gaze tracking system has been developed to provide access of computer for people with disabilities. Low cost and low complexity technique is used in our technique. In these system we use hardware such as Eye Touch Goggles and micro controller. Micro controller is based on data acquisition (DAQ) system. This system will be capable of performing left click, right click, and double clicks using appropriate eye winks of the user. In addition to that we have also tried to perform some tasks like open or close folder, reading pdf file. In this system we are using Infra-red sensors (IR sensors) for building light-reflection based system with non-imaging sensors like photo-diodes. This system is basically low Complexity system. IR sensors give us accurate approximation of the point of eye gaze. A system can be developed that would listen to DAQ device and performs major tasks like providing a user interface, determining current action performed by user and accordingly performing the action related to the current event. And hence cursor movement can be done. This proposed system will provide a promising interface between computer and human.


The structural Status of the grammatical subject is connected with the configurationality of the sentence structure. In a configurational language the syntactic surface structure has a separate VP-node, and the subject is an external argument represented by an NP-node outside that VP. In a nonconfigurational language all the argument NPs are at the same level of structure, they are all sisters of V; there is no VP node to the exclusion of one of the arguments. To the extent that we want to use the term subject of any one of the NPs in such languages, it will have to be recognized by criteria other than its structural position. The existence of a VP äs a separate node in the syntactic structure of a language manifeste itself in a number of ways. To begin with, I will briefly point to one such piece of evidence indicating that modern Scandinavian is configurational, namely topicalization of VP. In Scandinavian this means occupying the preverbal position in main declarative sentences, äs in the Norwegian (la, b). This position can accommodate one, and only one, constituent, for example the direct object alone, äs in (Ic). More than one consituent, for example an object and an adverbial, in that position is ungrammatical, (ld).


This paper explores young tourists' perceptions of fear on holiday. The work on which this paper is based is important because it sheds light on tourists' emotional experiences on holiday, which are central to increase our understanding of tourist behaviour. The importance of investigating perceptions of fear has been recognized within a number of different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, criminology, and marketing. Indeed, it has been argued that fear may provide significant information concerning an individual's motivations, preferences, and patterns of behaviour. Despite this, perceptions of fear within the tourism experience have remained relatively unexplored. It is often assumed that perceptions of safety and security may influence individuals' destination choice. However, there is a paucity of studies concerning tourists' perceptions of fear during the tourism experience. This paper is based on three months of qualitative fieldwork conducted on the island of Ios, Greece in the summer of 2007. More specifically, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were methods employed for data collection to explore young tourists' perceptions of fear. The possibility to develop a rapport and build a relationship with young tourists on Ios was crucial to collect valuable information concerning tourists' background, their emotions, expectations, perceptions, and the context in which perceptions of fear were experienced and expressed. The study found that most holidaymakers on Ios participated in activities perceived as risky in order to experience fear. In this respect, young tourists deliberately sought fear and thrill to increase their levels of pleasure and enjoyment during the tourism experience. The results suggest that fear may play a positive role in the tourism experience of young tourists, which should no longer be ignored by tourism scholars.


Classify Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science according to property and subject of journal based on its documents quantity.All of its documents in 2009 are related to academic research,and the documents about crop plant account for 47.81% of summation.And then,the documents about agronomy and agricultural basic science are more than average documents quantity of "20% area" in the two subjects,but the documents quantity about plant protection are small.Hence,Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science belongs to scholarly journal about crop plant,agronomy and agricultural basic science.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to construct some novel exact travelling and solitary wave solutions of the time fractional (2 + 1) dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky equation, and two different forms of integration schemes have been utilized in this context. As a result, a variety of bright and dark solitons, kink- and antikink-type solitons, hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions, elliptic functions, periodic solitary wave solutions and travelling wave solutions are obtained, and the sufficient conditions for the existence of solution are also discussed. Moreover, some of the obtained solutions are illustrated as two- and three-dimensional graphical images by using computational software Mathematica. These types of solutions have a wide range of applications in applied sciences and mathematical physics. The proposed methods are very useful for solving nonlinear partial differential equations arising in physical science and engineering.


On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of fluvial processes and the development trend of Wuhan reach,comparing the various schemes,integrating the comprehensive regulation rules in the middle and lower braided reaches with the new idea of maintaining the healthy Yangtze River and accelerating the harmony of human and river,and considering the different needs of flood control,the navigation,the environment and the comprehensive utilization of water resources,this paper presents that the Wuhan Reach regulation should follow the elementary idea of stabilizing the Tiebanzhou braided reach,keeping the Baishazhou reach and Tianxingzhou reach as braided reaches.The detailed regulation schemes need to be confirmed by analyzing the law of fluvial processes in the near future and doing the physical model experiment.


This study investigates the euphemistic death expressions used in the Jordanian society. It also examines the effect of the social variables: age, gender and region on the use of these expressions. To achieve the goals of the study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 130 male and female participants randomly selected from the governorates of Irbid and Mafraq to participate in the study. The results of the study showed that there are certain expressions which are more frequently used than others among participants irrespective of their age, gender or region. The results indicated that the social variables affect the use of these expressions only in certain situations. For instance, the above 30 year-old participants used more euphemized expressions than those who are 30 years old or under. In addition, males and females used different expressions only when trying to reduce the painful effects of someone's death. The results also showed that bedouin participants used different expressions from those used by rural participants when referring to the condoling house.


SIR—The artemisinin derivatives are very important new antimalarial drugs, which are being used increasingly throughout the world. The possibility that these otherwise extremely well tolerated and highly effective drugs may damage the CNS is of great concern. Unfortunately, the case report by Elias et al. [1] contains unjustified speculation on this subject that may cause unnecessary alarm. The authors described a 55-year-old expatriate patient who was treated with an inadequate course (5 days) of artemether (parenteral? oral?) for acute falciparum malaria in Ghana and, when recrudescence of the infection occurred 3 weeks later, was again treated with artemether. He developed tremors of the hands and unsteadiness, neurological sequelae of acute malaria which are well described [2–5]. However, the authors chose to ascribe this to the artemether treatment rather than to the malaria and, as evidence to support their hypothesis, misquote a reference describing 74 patients with cerebellar dysfunction following malaria [6] (of whom none had received artemisinin derivatives and 11 had not received any antimalarial treatment at all). Some antimalarial drugs are potentially neurotoxic. Mefloquine is associated with a self-limiting syndrome characterized by psychosis or encephalopathy, with an incidence of ∼1 in 10,000 in healthy individuals, 1 in 200–1000 among people who have had uncomplicated malaria, and 1 in 20 among people who have had cerebral malaria [7]. Chloroquine may also (rarely) produce neuropsychiatric reactions. In contrast, large clinical trials that have involved 17000 patients, in which detailed neurological evaluations were performed, have failed to show any evidence of CNS dysfunction after treatment with artemisinin derivatives [8–10]. A variety of neurological deficits following acute falciparum malaria have been reported and are considered to be a result of the disease rather than the treatment. These are more common following cerebral malaria but may also occur after uncomplicated infections, as is likely in this case. Tremor has been described most commonly in adults, with an overall incidence ranging from !0.1% to 3% of all cases of acute falciparum malaria [1, 7]. Self-limiting tremor has been reported to occur before or after treatment with chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and (in this case) artemether, which suggests strongly that it is a result of the disease rather than its treatment. Different types of tremor have been observed: (1) as part of a Parkinsonian syndrome; (2) rarely, in association with the well-described delayed cerebellar ataxia that may follow acute falciparum malaria; and (3) sometimes in isolation. It is highly likely that the neurological abnormalities in this case resulted from malaria and not artemether. However, instead of discussing this probable explanation, Elias et al. have provided unjustified and misleading recommendations that would unnecessarily restrict the use of artemisinin derivatives for the treatment of malaria.


b -Catenin promotes epithelial architecture by forming cell surface complexes with E-cadherin and also interacts with TCF/LEF-1 in the nucleus to control gene expression. By DNA transfection, we overexpressed b -catenin and/or LEF-1 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, corneal fibroblasts, corneal epithelia, uveal melanoma cells, and several carcinoma cell lines. In all cases (with or without LEF-1), the abundant exogenous b -catenin localizes to the nucleus and forms distinct nuclear aggregates that are not associated with DNA. Surprisingly, we found that with time (5–8 d after transfection) cells overexpressing b -catenin all undergo apoptosis. LEF-1 does not need to be present. Moreover, LEF-1 overexpression in the absence of exogenous b -catenin does not induce apoptosis, even though some endogenous b -catenin moves with the exogenous LEF-1 into the nucleus. TOP-FLASH/FOPFLASH reporter assays showed that full-length b -catenin is able to induce LEF-1– dependent transactivation, whereas Arm b -catenin totally abolishes the transactivating function. However, Arm b -catenin, containing deletions of known LEF-1–transactivating domains, has the same apoptotic effects as full-length b -catenin. Overexpressed b -catenin also induces apoptosis in cells transfected with nuclear localization signal–deleted LEF-1 that localizes only in the cytoplasm. Thus, the apoptotic effects of overexpressed exogenous b -catenin do not rely on its transactivating function with nuclear LEF-1. Overexpressed d -catenin, containing 10 Arm repeats, induces only minor apoptosis, suggesting that the major apoptotic effect may be due to domains specific to b -catenin as well as to Arm repeats. The absence of p53, Rb, cyclin D1, or E2F1 does not affect the apoptotic effect of overexpressed b -catenin, but Bcl-x(L) reduces it. We hypothesize that in vivo apoptosis of cells overexpressing b -catenin might be a physiological mechanism to eliminate them from the population.


"The Teaching Method of the Virtue Norms" is to use the central virtue norms refined in the political textbooks for the teaching methods of controlling educational content,unfolding educational process,cultivating moral understanding and moral feeling,moral judgment.The central virtue norms have provided a united aim and content for teacher's teaching and student's studying,meanwhile,the explanation,arrangement,expansion and application such as four chains of "the Teaching Method of the Virtue Norms" are able to standardize the teaching in the classroom of the politic course in the junior school,and make it orderly and effective."The Teaching Method of the Virtue Norms" is in advantage to solve the remarkable problems such as the large content in the politic science in the junior school,loose teaching structure in the classroom,meaningless in purpose.It is an easy managing,easy applying and operating method for teaching.


Informed by feminist, Marxist, ethnographic, and post-structuralist frameworks, Utopia Method Vision makes a unique contribution to international debates in cultural, literary, sociological, and political studies of utopian theory, texts, and practices. The collection addresses the ways in which the contributors approach their study of the objects and practices of utopianism (understood as social anticipations and visions produced through texts and social experiments) and of how, in turn, those objects and practices have shaped their intellectual work in general and their research perspectives in particular. In so doing, the contributors develop a larger, self-critical look at the limits and potential of the entire paradigm by which utopianism is known, studied, critiqued, created, and received.


This paper presents a force-level planning approach to optimally select and design the orbit of an airborne relay. The objective is to maximize the aggregate performance of communication subscribers served by the airborne relay. The performance is measured as either the duty cycle in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio or the throughput achieved by communication subscribers. Both measures are computed with realistic channel, terrain, antenna and aircraft characteristics for ground-to-air and air-to-ground communications. Different methods to generate an airborne relay orbit are discussed with their parameters to optimize. Results are specialized to optimization of elliptical orbit parameters. First, an elliptical orbit is optimally selected with the best center and radius (in X and Y-directions) as orbit parameters subject to the specified altitude and speed of the aircraft. Both exhaustive search and gradient search with reduced complexity are considered to find the best set of orbit parameters. This elliptical orbit is then converted to an operational orbit by optimally selecting orbit waypoints and locating smooth turning points while minimizing the fuel consumption of the airborne relay. A software with interactive GUI is designed and implemented for force-level planning that allows the planner to select different properties of airborne relay and communication subscribers, and returns the optimal orbit for the airborne relay.


Article analyzes the characteristics of bean production all over the world and its developing trends,and puts forward the developing direction of soybean further process basing on the fact of our country.


The concept of privatization attracted much attention in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as Margaret Thatcher's privatization policies were implemented in the United Kingdom. My goal here is not to comment on the merits of privatization as a policy, but rather to investigate the history of the term "privatization" in economics and to shed some light on the context in which the word was coined. Although the origin of the term is often attributed to a 1969 book by Peter Drucker, I will show that this attribution is incorrect, and that the terminology of privatization played an evolving role in German economic policy from the 1930s through the 1950s.


1. The oxygen uptake of Trypanosoma lewisi and T. equiperdum was measured with differential manometers using microflasks of 5 ml. capacity. Each flask contained 2–5 × 107 trypanosomes. 2. The oxygen uptake of trypanosomes in heparinized infected blood was compared with that of washed trypanosomes suspended in Ringer–phosphate–glucose solution with or without added serum or blood. With T. lewisi, the oxygen uptake began at a higher rate in the presence of blood or serum than with Ringer–phosphate–glucose solution. With T. equiperdum, the oxygen uptake in the presence of blood or serum began at almost the same rate as with Ringer–phosphate–glucose solution, but the rate of oxygen uptake decreased more rapidly in the absence of blood or serum than when it was present. 3. High concentrations of iodoacetic acid (e.g. 3·3 × 10−2m) caused an increase in oxygen uptake when tipped into heparinized normal rat blood. Similar concentrations caused an inhibition of oxygen uptake when 2·0 × 10−4m methylene blue was also present or when the blood had been treated with sodium nitrite to convert haemoglobin into methaemoglobin. 4. Iodoacetic acid caused little inhibition of oxygen uptake when T. lewisi was suspended in Ringer–phosphate solution containing glutamine or glutamine plus glucose, or when heparinized infected blood was tested. Inhibition was greatest when the substrate was glucose, while glucosamine, glycerol, or glucose plus serum gave intermediate results. 5. Iodoacetic acid caused least inhibition of oxygen uptake when T. equiperdum was suspended in Ringer–phosphate solution containing glycerol, or when heparinized infected blood was tested. Inhibition was greatest when the substrate was glucose, and was slightly less marked when the substrate was glucose plus serum or glucose plus glycerol. 6. Neoarsphenamine inhibited the oxygen uptake of T. lewisi to a similar extent whether glucose or glutamine was present. 7. Neoarsphenamine and reduced stovarsol thioglycollate inhibited the oxygen uptake of T. equiperdum slightly less when the substrate was glycerol than when it was glucose. Sodium arsenite was as active as reduced stovarsol thioglycollate when the substrate was glucose, but 10−4m sodium arsenite had little effect when the substrate was glycerol.


With globalization of Wushu,the function of translation as an intercultural bridge has long been neglected.The way of Wushu lies in the harmonious unity of the external form and the internal spirit,and so is the case with nature of translation.Based upon an exploration of the current Wushu translation studies in China and the stylistic features and cultural connotations of Wushu terms,English translation of Wushu terms should be orientated to cultranslation and be guided by "seeking for the outer formal correspondence and the inner spiritual similarity".Moreover,it should emphasize the relevant issues to the expression of culture,such as superiority of transliteration in culture facsimile,cultural symbiosis by mixed different language signs,cultural flavour in transplantation of imagery,borrowing words to cultural adaptability,cross-media cultural transmission in annotated pictures.


slow progression and may have had a relatively high residual enzyme activity. Therefore, even on discontinued NTBC after LT, the patient may be in good condition without medical problems. Decrease of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase activity in HT1, however, causes the accumulation of maleylacetoacetate and fumarylacetoacetate, and of their derivatives, SA and succinyl acetoacetate (SAA). These toxic metabolites are responsible for severe disruption of intracellular metabolism of the liver and kidney. LT is essentially curative but does not fully correct metabolic perturbations in HT1 because kidneys continue to excrete SAA and SA in urine. Residual urinary SA excretion after LT has been reported, suggesting a potential contribution to the progression of renal dysfunction. Here, we have described a case of mild-type HT1 that resulted in discontinuation of NTBC owing to improved metabolic condition after LT. It is unknown, however, whether NTBC treatment after LT can be stopped in patients with mild-type HT1. A larger series of patients comparing discontinuation with continuation of NTBC after LT is therefore necessary in order to address this question.


Clarification of the genetic basis for root-knot nematode (RKN) resistance in the Auburn source and development of closely linked markers to the resistance could finally put the RKN resistance gene(s) to work in cotton breeding. This study was conducted to verify the genetic mechanism of the Auburn source and to verify and identify molecular markers for the RKN resistance. Two F2 populations using Auburn 634 and its derived resistant line M-240 confirmed that the resistance is either controlled by one dominant gene or one dominant gene and one recessive gene. By comparing several pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) with or without the Auburn source resistance, none of the previously reported RAPD and SSR markers exhibited consistent polymorphism, indicating that they were not closely linked to the RKN resistance. However, several SSR and two RGA markers were identified to be consistently polymorphic between the NILs. These markers will be employed in our mapping populations to evaluate their linkage with the RKN resistant gene(s).


This master thesis reports on the performance of the experimental setup for the Modulation experiment. The goal of this experiment is to falsify a claim that the activity of several radioactive sources modulates with an amplitude of 0.1%, a period of a year and a maximum in February. Some[1] scientists claim that these modulations are caused by the change in flux of solar neutrinos. An international Modulation collaboration will therefore measure the activity of four sources with NaI(Tl) detectors on four different locations for at least a year. The performance of NaI(Tl) detectors is presented. The Photo Multiplier Tubes(PMT) reach a gain of 10 and 10 while operated between 500 and 1000 V. An energy resolution of 4.83-5.07(5) % , 7.29(5) % and 13.8(1) % is achieved for Co, Cs and Ba, respectively. The optimal operating voltages for the PMT's are set to achieve the best energy resolutions. A total detection efficiency for γ-rays from Co, Cs and Ba decays ranges between 30 and 60% for a set of detectors. Using a set of two detectors reduces rate changes to 0.9 ± 0.04 % for shifts in the position of the source. After calibration the energy of the incoming γ-rays are identified within 0.2% accuracy. A 5 cm lead enclosure lowers the background rate from natural and cosmic origin to 20 Hz over the full spectrum. To test the experimental setup, the activity of a Co source has been continuously measured over periods of 127 and 149 hours with a period of 37.5 days in between. The expected activity is compared to the measured activity and a 1 and 0.5 % lower detection rate is found for the total spectrum and peak region, respectively. A shift in voltage, a shifted source position and a change in background rate are investigated as possibles causes. To suppress these effects improvements to the experimental setup are proposed.


Overview of a Commonsense Existential Approach. The Mystery of Time. Time-limited Existential Therapy Limitations and Possibilities. Concepts and Methods. The Mystery of the 'Insight'. The Body. The 'Givens'. 'Connectedness'. The Tyranny of High Morality. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.


Multi-view graph clustering aims to leverage different views to obtain consistent information and improve clustering performance by sharing the graph structure. Existing multi-view graph clustering algorithms generally adopt a single-pathway network reconstruction and consistent feature extraction, building on top of auto-encoders and graph convolutional networks (GCN). Despite their promising results, these single-pathway methods may ignore the significant complementary information between different layers and the rich multi-level context inside. On the other hand, GCN usually employs a shallow network structure (2-3 layers) due to the over-smoothing with the increase of network depth, while few multi-view graph clustering methods explore the performance of deep networks. In this work, we propose a novel Dropping Pathways strategy toward building a deep Multi-view Graph Subspace Clustering network, namely DPMGSC, to fully exploit the deep and multi-level graph network representations. The proposed method implements a multi-pathway self-expressive network to capture pairwise affinities of graph nodes among multiple views. Moreover, we empirically study the impact of a series of dropping methods on deep multi-pathway networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DPMGSC compared with its deep counterpart and state-of-the-art methods.


Radio frequency data in astronomy enable scientists to analyze astrophysical phenomena. However, these data can be corrupted by radio frequency interference (RFI) that limits the observation of underlying natural processes. In this study, we extend recent developments in deep learning algorithms to astronomy data. We remove RFI from time-frequency spectrograms containing auroral kilometric radiation (AKR), a coherent radio emission originating from the Earth's auroral zones that is used to study astrophysical plasmas. We propose a Denoising Autoencoder for Auroral Radio Emissions (DAARE) trained with synthetic spectrograms to denoise AKR signals collected at the South Pole Station. DAARE achieves 42.2 peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 0.981 structural similarity (SSIM) on synthesized AKR observations, improving PSNR by 3.9 and SSIM by 0.064 compared to state-of-the-art filtering and denoising networks. Qualitative comparisons demonstrate DAARE's capability to effectively remove RFI from real AKR observations, despite being trained completely on a dataset of simulated AKR. The framework for simulating AKR, training DAARE, and employing DAARE can be accessed at github.com/Cylumn/daare.


1. Experiments were made on single neurones and glial cells in the central nervous system of the leech to study the accumulation of K that occurs in the extracellular spaces around neurones as a result of impulse activity.