In an earlier investigation of the applicability of coherent optical correlation techniques to the analysis of electron (or light) micrographs it was shown that, from the autocorrelation, one can determine both the mean separation and particle size for random, two-dimensional, binary arrays of particles of the same size and orientation. In many important applications (such as the sizing of blood corpuscles, the particles will not be of the same size. It will now be shown that, for a binary array of circular disks having an essentially arbitrary distribution of radii, the first two moments of this distribution can be determined from an analysis of the central autocorrelation maximum. Consider an array of N transparent circular disks (on an opaque background) having radii ρ distributed according to a density dN/dρ. It is assumed only that the maximum radius for the distribution is sufficiently small to permit separation of the cen tral and first autocorrelation maxima and that the minimum radius is nonzero. The two-dimensional autocorrelation func tion (for real objects) is given by


Abstract : Increase our scientific understanding of the processes that are responsible for energy transport between the atmosphere and ocean and apply this knowledge to improve our ability to predict the atmosphere and ocean, particularly in their respective boundary layers. Enhance the Navy's tactical capabilities through better definition of the littoral battlespace environment. Study the effects and feedbacks that occur on the mesoscale between the atmosphere and ocean. For example, tropical and extratropical cyclones have been observed to change the circulation and temperature of the ocean, and coastal ocean processes such as upwelling occur as a direct result of atmospheric forcing. These oceanic changes can then, in turn, have an impact on the subsequent structure and behavior of the atmospheric boundary layer.


or in Geach's phraseology that "any sentence shows what substitutions can be made for its variables," the proposal leads to difficulties because there is no effective syntactical criterion by which in general a name of a sentence can be distinguished from other names of the same logical type. It may be that the proposal is nevertheless feasible. But it requires support by logistic formalization. ALONZO CHURCH


Vector-thread (VT) architectures exploit multiple forms of parallelism simultaneously. This paper describes a compiler for the Scale VT architecture, which takes advantage of the VT features. We focus on compiling loops, and show how the compiler can transform code that poses difficulties for traditional vector or VLIW processors, such as loops with internal control flow or cross-iteration dependences, while still taking advantage of features not supported by multithreaded designs, such as vector memory instructions. We evaluate the compiler using several embedded benchmarks and show that we can obtain substantial speedups over a single-issue, in-order scalar machine.


This study evaluates the use of the Problem-Based Learning method in the disciplines of the undergraduate degree in Business Administration. In order to answer the research problem and achieve the proposed objectives, an exploratory quantitative approach was used, of the survey type. The data was collected through questionnaires relating to facilitating factors, which were applied to 107 business administration students, after they had taken part in an innovative teaching-learning experiment, using the method under study (PBL). It was found that 77% of the students accepted the methodology, and these of these, 25% accepted it wholeheartedly, while 52% accepted it with some reservations. Students have different learning styles, and not all find it easy to play a more active and collaborative role during this process. Therefore, each group in which PBL is applied should be seen in isolation.


Authoritarian regimes that have defied the global trends of democratization are thought to be resilient. This paper questions the durability of authoritarian regimes perceived as resilient because of their capacity for adaptation. It argues that repression and co-optation are central to understanding the survival of autocracies. In particular, the paper questions the proposition that authoritarian rule in China has become resilient and adaptive. By identifying the main causes of authoritarian decay and the limits of regime adaptation without democratization, the paper analyzes why perceived authoritarian resilience actually conceals fundamental fragilities of the Chinese political system.


We show that the quantum discord in a bipartite quantum state is invariant under the action of a local quantum channel if and only if the channel is invertible. We also show that the geometric measure of discord is preserved under the action of a local channel if the channel is invertible and if the metric used to define the geometric discord is monotonic. In particular, both versions of quantum discord are invariant under a local unitary channel.


General comments: Extended chemical analysis of porewater and solid material from three sediment cores taken on the continental margin of NW Africa were examined to unravel the local geochemical conditions that control benthic P and Fe cycles and to identify, understand and quantify the processes that affect the (re)distribution of P in surface sediments. Applying a simple balance approach authors were able to show that particle mixing probably due to bioturbation must be considered for the interpretation of the sediment data. The study could be of interest for marine biogeochemist but need thoroughly revised before it is acceptable for publication. The major problem


The effect of a short treatment with keratinocyte‐conditioned medium (KCM) on the growth of normal human epidermal keratinocytes was investigated. Serum‐free MCDB153 medium was conditioned by keratinocytes for 24h after plating. Following attachment to uncoated plastic surfaces (4h after plating), cells were exposed for 20h to KCM. After 10 days of culture in MCDB153 medium, an increase of about six‐fold in cell number was observed in KCM‐treated plates over controls, indicating that a short treatment with KCM is sufficient to induce cell proliferation. The effect of addition of KCM at different times after plating was also evaluated: KCM treatment resulted to exert its maximum effect on cell proliferation, when performed immediately after the completion of attachment of cells to the surface of the dish. Mitogenic activity present in KCM is not inhibited by heparin sulphate. The kinetics of accumulation of this early secreted growth‐stimulating activity showed that a plateau is reached within 24h of conditioning. These data suggest that this mitogenic activity should not be amphiregulin. The observation that, following KCM treatment, the majority of cells is able to incorporate [3H]‐thymidine as compared to controls suggests that the observed final increase in cell number is due to an increase in the number of cycling cells rather than to a shortening of the cell cycle.


Significance Famine kills millions of people each year. Survival requires the maintenance of blood glucose. Famine depletes body fat, thereby removing a source of energy for hepatic glucose production. Here we used a mouse model of fat depletion to show that growth hormone (GH) maintains blood sugar by stimulating hepatic autophagy, the process by which the liver digests its organelles to provide energy and substrates for producing glucose. When fat-depleted mice are fasted, their stomachs secrete ghrelin, a GH secretagogue. The resultant elevation in GH stimulates hepatic autophagy. In mice lacking ghrelin, GH fails to rise appropriately, hepatic autophagy is reduced, and mice die from hypoglycemia. These studies demonstrate a ghrelin-GH-autophagy axis that is required for survival in famine. Plasma growth hormone (GH) and hepatic autophagy each have been reported to protect against hypoglycemia in the fasted state, but previous data have not linked the two. Here we demonstrate a connection using a mouse model of fasting in a fat-depleted state. Mice were subjected to 1 wk of 60% calorie restriction, causing them to lose nearly all body fat. They were then fasted for 23 h. During fasting, WT mice developed massive increases in plasma GH and a concomitant increase in hepatic autophagy, allowing them to maintain viable levels of blood glucose. In contrast, lethal hypoglycemia occurred in mice deficient in the GH secretagogue ghrelin as a result of knockout of the gene encoding ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which catalyzes a required acylation of the peptide. Fasting fat-depleted Goat−/− mice showed a blunted increase in GH and a marked decrease in hepatic autophagy. Restoration of GH by infusion during the week of calorie restriction maintained autophagy in the Goat−/− mice and prevented lethal hypoglycemia. Acute injections of GH after 7 d of calorie restriction also restored hepatic autophagy, but failed to increase blood glucose, perhaps owing to ATP deficiency in the liver. These data indicate that GH stimulation of autophagy is necessary over the long term, but not sufficient over the short term to maintain blood glucose levels in fasted, fat-depleted mice.


The problem of electromagnetic field of current loop in inhomogenous media has a wide range of applications in communications,medical,geophysical exploration.As it is a mixed boundary value problem of partial differential equations,analytic solution usually can't be found.So numerical algorithms are applied.In this paper,2D and 2.5D Numerical Mode-matching Method(NMM) is used.NMM transforms this kind of problem into one-dimensional analytical solution and one-dimensional numerical solution to achieve dimensionality reduction.So it is more accuracy and efficiency compared with traditional numerical algorithms such as finite element method.The electromagnetic field of electromagnetic wave logging-while-drilling is solved as an example to verify the correctness of NMM.


The interaction of affect and cognition was explored as four types of processor groups (high affect/low cognition, low affect/high cognition, high affect/high cognition, and low affect/low cognition) and investigated in terms of responses to a visual stimulus, a verbal stimulus, and a combination visual/verbal stimulus. This exploratory investigation suggests that high-affect individuals (affective processors) respond more favorably to a visual ad than the other groups, and individuals high in both affect and cognition (combined processors) respond more favorably to a combination visual/verbal ad. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We hypothesize that the unique vascular anatomy of the calcaneus is a contributing factor to the incidence of avascular necrosis and fatigue and insufficiency stress fractures. These stress injuries are seen in different patient populations. Calcaneal fatigue stress fractures are seen in highly competitive athletes and military recruits. Less common than calcaneal fatigue stress fractures and predominantly seen in the long-term diabetic patient population, insufficiency stress fractures of the calcaneus can progress to calcaneal avulsion fractures. Even more rarely, avascular necrosis of the calcaneus occurs in patients with long-term corticosteroid use or with other risk factors for bone infarcts.


TL Roth, C Puig–Saus, R Yu. Nature. 2018;559(7714):405–409

To develop and optimize nonviral CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for primary T cells and apply this technique in part to correct a pathogenic mutation in a monogenic autoimmune disease.

Using CRISPR-Cas9, primary human T cells from healthy donors and a family with monogenic autoimmune disease were engineered ex vivo along with other important proofs of concept.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system was first described as a prokaryotic adaptive immune response, and it has since been widely used as a gene editing tool. CRISPR sequences identify homologous areas in the DNA, and Cas9 creates precise double-stranded breaks. Double-stranded breaks are repaired by either nonhomologous end joining or homology-directed repair (HDR). HDR is less error prone, and by using CRISPR-Cas9 with HDR templates, transgenes can be integrated into the targeted genome with precision. In this study, an electroporation method was optimized for ex vivo primary human T cells to allow for uptake of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes and large (>1 kb) double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) templates for HDR. The technique allowed for optimized cell viability along with efficiency under …


We predict that the combination of space and time modulational instabilities that occur by means of parametric wave mixing in quadratic media leads to colored conical emission. This phenomenon should be observed under conditions usually employed in second-harmonic experiments.


Using the SEG online submission program, authors will be able to open their browser windows, fill out the forms, and submit their abstracts for review. There is a 5 MB file size limit per uploaded abstract. Abstract submissions must be complete before 5 p.m. U.S. Central Daylight Time on 1 April 2015.


Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in this response by rapidly killing invading microorganisms. In this study antimicrobial peptide has been isolated from acidified whole body extract of a bivalve mollusk, the marine mussel (Mytilus coruscus). This peptide purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight was 1464.92 Da, determined by MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry. In addition to growth inhibition of Escherichia coli D31.


Purpose. Oxygen permeability (Dk) was assayed in a masked fashion using the polarographic method for three materials found capable of hypertransmissibility as contact lenses: tisilfocon A, balafilcon A, and lotrafilcon A. Methods. Two sets of tisilfocon rigid lenses were tested in six thicknesses and two sets in nine thicknesses for the hydrogels. The two sets of tisilfocon were from two different lots and of lotrafilcon were from different base curve radii (8.6 and 8.4 mm). The six test sets were measured with the inclusion of rigid reference materials for the purpose of simultaneous calibration. Results. Oxygen permeability (in barrers) of the two lots of tisilfocon A was 159.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 146.3–175.5) and 175.1 (95% CI, 154.9–201.6). The Dk values for balafilcon A were 111.3 (95% CI, 103.6–120.3) and 102.0 (95%CI, 90.5–116.7), and the Dk values for lotrafilcon A were 176.1 (95% CI, 165.1–188.7) and 190.2 (95% CI, 177.5–205.0). The coefficients of determination (R2) of the corrected resistance versus thickness plots were 0.98 or more. Paired-comparison t tests were performed between the sets of each test material paired by thickness. These revealed the oxygen transmissibilities (Dk/L) of the lenses made from the two lots of tisilfocon A to be significantly different (t = 2.62;P < 0.047;df = 5) and lenses of the two base curve radii made of lotrafilcon A to be significantly different (t = 4.42;P < 0.002;df = 8). These differences were attributed to a material difference in Dk between lots of tisilfocon A and a thickness difference between lens designs of lotrafilcon A. Conclusion. Oxygen permeability of tisilfocon was found consistent with that claimed by the manufacturer (163 barrers). Dk of balafilcon was found marginally greater than claimed (99 barrers) and of lotrafilcon, greater than claimed (140 barrers). Preliminary Dk/L values of two of the three test materials were statistically different between Sets 1 and 2, yet they were inside the American National Standards Institute Z80.20-1998 tolerance (±20%). Resistance-versus-thickness plots were linear up to a Dk of at least 190 barrers. The Dk/L values over the central zone of minus and low-plus contact lenses made of these materials are predicted to decrease on the upper asymptotic portion of the Dk/L versus equivalent oxygen percentage curve. Hence, the physiologic effects of oxygen variability from lot-to-lot, lens-to-lens, and site-to-site on the same lens will be minimized.


27 The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia is a critical determinant of arbovirus 28 transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity. We find that multiple alphaviruses, 29 including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o'nyong 'nyong (ONNV) viruses, are 30 cleared from the circulation of mice by liver Kupffer cells, impeding viral dissemination. 31 Clearance from the circulation was independent of natural antibodies or complement factor C3, 32 and instead relied on scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO). Remarkably, lysine to arginine 33 substitutions at distinct residues within the E2 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) 34 as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enhanced viremia and 35 dissemination. Mutational analysis revealed that viral clearance from the circulation is strictly 36 dependent on the presence of lysine at these positions. These findings reveal a previously 37 unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and dissemination in 38 vertebrate hosts, ultimately influencing disease severity and likely transmission efficiency. 39 40 INTRODUCTION 41 During the past several decades, multiple arboviruses, including dengue (DENV), 42 chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, have re-emerged to cause widespread 43 epidemics affecting millions of people (Weaver, 2018). For example, DENVs are estimated to 44 cause ~390 million infections per year resulting in ~500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic 45 fever/dengue shock syndrome that can result in death (Bhatt et al., 2013). Since 2004, CHIKV 46 has infected millions of people and expanded into Europe, Asia, the Pacific region, and the 47 Americas (Moro et al., 2010; Volk et al., 2010; Zeller et al., 2016). Joint pain, swelling, and 48 stiffness, and tenosynovitis, can endure for months to years after CHIKV infection (Borgherini et 49 al., 2008; Couturier et al., 2012; Gérardin et al., 2011; Rodríguez-Morales et al., 2016; Schilte et 50 al., 2013). As chronic CHIKV disease is debilitating, large epidemics have severe economic 51 impact (Cardona-Ospina et al., 2015; Soumahoro et al., 2011; Vijayakumar et al., 2013). ZIKV 52 caused outbreaks on Yap Island (Duffy et al., 2009) and islands of French Polynesia (Musso et 53 al., 2018) in 2007 and 2013, respectively, before being introduced to the Americas (Metsky et 54 al., 2017). Here, ZIKV caused nearly one million confirmed and suspected cases and became 55 recognized as a cause of congenital neurodevelopmental defects (Pierson and Diamond, 2018). 56 The lack of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics limits prevention and treatment of 57 many arboviral diseases. 58 The magnitude and duration of viremia in vertebrate hosts are important determinants of 59 arboviral emergence, transmission efficiency, and geographic spread (Weaver, 2018). A subset 60 of arboviruses, including CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV, are capable of sustained human-mosquito61 human transmission cycles, allowing for rapid spread through urban environments. This is in 62 part due to the capacity of these viruses to generate a magnitude and duration of viremia in 63 humans sufficient to infect mosquito vectors and propagate the transmission cycle (Weaver, 64 2018). Moreover, for many arboviruses, viremia levels correlate with disease severity (Chow et 65 al., 2011; de St Maurice et al., 2018; Pozo-Aguilar et al., 2014; Vaughn et al., 2000; Waggoner 66 et al., 2016). Despite the critical role for viremia during arboviral infections, innate host defenses 67 that determine the magnitude and duration of arboviral viremia in vertebrate hosts are poorly 68 defined. 69 Phagocytic cells are strategically positioned within organs such as the spleen and liver to 70 detect and capture circulating self and non-self molecules. In the murine spleen, blood released 71 from terminal arterioles drains into the marginal zone, which separates the white and red pulp 72 (Lewis et al., 2019). Within the marginal zone, tissue resident marginal zone (MZM) and 73 metallophilic (MMM) macrophages surveil the blood for circulating antigens, apoptotic cells, 74 debris, and pathogens (Borges da Silva et al., 2015; Lewis et al., 2019). In addition, splenic red 75 pulp macrophages (RPM) also function to surveil the circulation by removing aberrant red blood 76 cells as well as some pathogens, such as malaria parasites (Borges da Silva et al., 2015). 77 Similar to the marginal zone of the spleen, cell populations in liver sinusoids, including tissue 78 resident macrophages (i.e., Kupffer cells (KCs)), effectively survey blood as it percolates 79 through the liver (Hickey and Kubes, 2009). For example, following intravenous inoculation, 80 bacteria are captured within seconds by KCs (Lee et al., 2010; Zeng et al., 2016), whereas the 81 absence of KCs results in persistent bacteremia (Lee et al., 2010). Although the surveillance 82 function of these tissues and cells is well-established, how they influence viremia following 83 arbovirus infections has not been defined. 84 In this study, we demonstrate that phagocytic cells are essential for efficient clearance of 85 multiple alphaviruses from the circulation, thus limiting viremia and impeding viral dissemination. 86 Experiments in splenectomized mice showed that the spleen is dispensable for clearance of 87 these circulating alphaviruses. Consistent with this, we found that virus accumulates in the liver, 88 and liver resident KCs play a dominant role in removing circulating alphavirus particles. 89 Mechanistically, we identified SR-A6 (MARCO) as the receptor required for efficient alphavirus 90 clearance. We also found that discrete lysine (K) to arginine (R) mutations in the E2 91 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R), as well as RRV (E2 K251R), abrogated 92 clearance of circulating alphavirus particles, and promoted rapid viral dissemination. Moreover, 93 substitution of the lysine residues at CHIKV E2 200 or RRV E2 251 with a variety of other amino 94 acids also allowed for clearance evasion, indicating an essential requirement for key lysine 95 residues in E2 for efficient viral clearance from the circulation. These findings reveal a 96 previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and 97 dissemination in vertebrate hosts. 98 99 RESULTS 100 Phagocytic cells efficiently clear multiple alphaviruses from the circulation. 101 To explore whether phagocytic cells participate in the clearance of circulating 102 arboviruses, we treated mice intravenously (i.v.) with PBS(control) or clodronate-loaded 103 liposomes (PLL or CLL, respectively) to deplete phagocytic cells in the spleen, liver, and 104 circulation that are in direct contact with blood (Seiler et al., 1997; Van Rooijen and Sanders, 105 1994). The uptake of CLL by phagocytic cells results in intracellular release of the encapsulated 106 clodronate which is cytotoxic (Van Rooijen, 1989) At 42 hours (h) post-treatment, mice were i.v. 107 inoculated with clinical isolates of CHIKV, ONNV, or RRV, all pathogenic alphaviruses 108 (Morrison, 2014; Suhrbier et al., 2012), and viral RNA or infectious virus in the serum was 109 analyzed at 45 minutes (min) post-inoculation. In PLL-treated mice, viral particles (CHIKV and 110 RRV) or plaque forming units (ONNV) were nearly undetectable in the serum by 45 min post111 inoculation (Figure 1). In stark contrast, CLL-treated mice had 3-4 orders of magnitude higher 112 amounts of viral particles (CHIKV and RRV) or plaque-forming units (ONNV) in the serum at this 113 time point (Figure 1). Viral RNA in PLL-treated mice also was absent from the clotted fraction of 114 the blood (Figure 1figure supplement 1), demonstrating that CHIKV particles had been 115 removed from the circulation. These findings suggest that blood-exposed phagocytic cells, such 116 as those in the spleen or liver, are required for clearance of blood-borne alphaviruses. 117 118 Liver Kupffer cells clear CHIKV from the circulation. 119 The spleen and liver contain phagocytic cell populations that are strategically positioned 120 to capture circulating pathogens. To determine the relative contribution of the spleen, viral 121 clearance was evaluated in mice that underwent sham or splenectomy surgeries. CHIKV was 122 efficiently cleared from the circulation of splenectomized mice (Figure 2A), demonstrating that 123 the spleen is not required for clearance of circulating CHIKV. Moreover, CLL-pretreatment 124 blocked CHIKV clearance in splenectomized mice (Figure 2B), suggesting that the remaining 125 phagocytic cells in the liver are sufficient to clear CHIKV from the circulation. Consistent with 126 this, CHIKV RNA accumulated in the liver of control PLL-treated mice, and this specific 127 accumulation was lost in CLL-treated mice (Figure 2C). In contrast, viral RNA levels increased 128 in the spleen and lung of CLL-treated mice compared with control PLL-treated mice (Figure 129 2C), likely due to the high amounts of virus present in contaminating blood. Moreover, CHIKV 130 RNA is readily detectable by in situ hybridization in the livers of PLL-treated mice at 45 min 131 post-inoculation, but not in CLL-treated mice (Figure 2D). While both dendritic cells (DCs) and 132 macrophages can sequester pathogens in the liver (Jenne and Kubes, 2013), treatment of mice 133 with CLL resulted in depletion of F4/80 liver macrophages (Figure 2E, Figure 2figure 134 supplement 1 and Figure 2figure supplement 2) but had minimal impact on CD11c DCs 135 (Figure 2figure supplement 2), suggesting macrophages are responsible for alphavirus 136 clearance. Collectively, these data suggest that Kupffer cells (KCs), the tissue resident 137 macrophage population in the liver (Jenne and Kubes, 2013), clear alphavirus particles from the 138 circulation. 139 140 The scavenger receptor MARCO is essential for the clearance of circulating alphavirus 141 particles. 142 Clearance of circulating bacte


Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Community participation is a key component of DHF control. The group of schoolchildren is part of a group of people who can play a strategic role, considering the number is very much around 20% of the population. Through this Jumantik, the elementary school children are trained as a mosquito larva (jumantik) in their school. Objective: Establishment of larva monitoring group (Jumantik) and implementation of mosquito nest eradication activity at home and at school Method: A community service activity is conducted by recruiting and providing the training for Jumantik School Children and the teachers. Before the training, the students were given with the pre-test. After the training, the students followed the post-test and were given the mosquito eradication kit to undertake the mosquito larva monitoring at school and home. Result: As much as nine elementary students and three teachers were formed as jumantik volunteers from three different elementary schools namely Malewang, Palleko and Pangembang . The result of pre-test of 9 students, the average score of 8.67 (maximum points 15) with the highest score 11 and the lowest score 6. While the post test results obtained an average value of 11, 89 with the highest value 14 and the lowest value 10. The forms of activity for this program were: establishment of Jumatik school children, distribution of mosquito eradication kit, distribution of leaflet and stickers as the media of health promotion, provision of certificate of training of Jumantic school children and the teachers, the establishment of Plan of Action (POA) of the program and the production of second-hand good products. Conclusion and Suggestion: There are six activities that was implemented in this community service activity. It is suggested that the school to carry out routine activities according to the POA that has been agreed and the community health center can supervise the activity undertaken by the Jumantik school children. Keywords: Jumantik, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, school children, mosquito eradication


This paper reports on the synthesis of bio-composite oxide thin films intended for use as urea biosensors. The encapsulation of urease molecules in the inorganic matrix of sol-gel processed molybdenum trioxide and the retention of the enzyme's activity is demonstrated. This is an important step towards the development of resistive bio-detectors where the gas sensitive matrix measures the products of the biochemical reaction (gaseous ammonia) of the hydrolysis of urea by urease.


A smart insole based on pressure sensing arrays is a simple and effective means of gait analysis assist in the assessment of human movement and neurological health. However, these smart insoles usually fail to combine high sensitivity with a wide detection range, making them only suitable for people within a certain body weight range. Here, based on the synergy of porous and air-gap structures, we develop a high-performance and high stability smart insole, which has a sensitivity of up to 16.064 kPa−1 in a wide pressure range of 0.170 Pa to 248 kPa. After combined with Decision Tree machine learning model, gait classification and recognition can be as high as 99.96%. Based on these, a tap dance game was designed, which proves its ability to identify individual activities, and demonstrates its potential of application in the field of human-computer interaction and medical engineering.


Gas-filled hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) provide an enhanced gas-light interaction length which can be exploited for high-sensitivity laser-based trace gas detection [1]. Here, we focus on HCF-based spontaneous gas-phase Raman spectroscopy; this is an attractive approach for optical gas sensing as multispecies gas mixtures can be detected with a single laser source. While the merits of using HCF-based gas Raman detection have been previously described [1], and limits of detection (LoD) as low as 0.15 ppm reported [2], so far there has been limited discussion on HCF design optimization to maximize the system performance. Here, the design, fabrication and testing of a visible-guiding 10-element single-cladding ring ("tubular") anti-resonant HCF (10T-ARF) is reported. We show that this design provides improved Raman signal (via lower attenuation of both the fundamental mode (FM) and higher order modes (HOMs) and larger numerical aperture) in combination with faster gas filling time (due to a larger core diameter) without compromising on bend performance and therefore device footprint.


Objective To research the effect of molecular chimeric mice pre-T cells on proliferation ability of allogeneic mouse T cells.Methods The MHC-Ⅰ gene (H-2Kband H-2Db gene) were extracted and amplified by RT-PCR,the identified pre-T cells were transfected by the constructed eukaryotic expression vector of C57BL/6mouse MHC-I (pIRES-H-2Db and pIRES-H-2Kb),non-transfected group and sham pIRES-transfected control group were set.The molecular chimeric cells were transfused back to BALB/c mouse.After 7 days,T lymphocyte cells of each group were extracted,the ability of molecular chimeric cells inducing spleen T lymphocyte response to allogeneic T cells was observed through mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC).Results Sequencing of the plasmid we have constructed showed that insertion sequence contained C57BL/6 mice H-2Kb and H-2Db series which could be retrieved from GenBank.The result of flow cytometry analysis indicated that H-2Kb and H-2Db protein had an increased expression in pre-T cells,the difference with other two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The result of MLC demonstrated that the stimulation index (SI) of T lymphocyte in co-injection transfected pIRES-H-2Kb and pIRES-H-2Db pre-T cells group (0.764±0.074) were significantly decreased compared with non-transfected group(0.983±0.081)and sham pIRES-transfected group(0.994±0.142) (P<0.05).Conclusions The molecular chimeric pre-T cells infusion can reduce spleen T lymphocyte response to allogeneic T cells and it may induce immune tolerance in vivo.

Key words:
MHC-Ⅰ gene;  Pre-T cell;  Molecular chimerism;  Stimulating index


This paper reports on research--primarily at Marr and Poggio's [9] mechanism level--to design a practical hardware stereo-matcher and on the interaction this study has had with our understanding of the problem, at the computational theory and algorithm levels. The stereo-matching algorithm proposed by Marr and Poggio [10] and implemented by Grimson and Marc [3] is consistent with what is presently known about human stereo vision [2]. Their research has been concerned with understanding the principles underlying the stereo-matching problem. Our objective has been to produce a stereo-matcher that operates reliably at near real time rates as a tool to facilitate further research in vision and for possible application in robotics and stereo-photogrammetry. At present the design and construction of the camera and convolution modules of this project have been completed and the design of the zero-crossing and matching modules is progressing. The remainder of this section provides a brief description of the Marr and Poggio stereo algorithm. We then dis-cuss our general approach and sonic of the issues that have come up concerning the design of the individual modules.


A special commutative Moufang loop of order is described. With the help of this loop, a trilinear Dickson form is constructed whose automorphism group is a Chevalley group of type . Next, with the help of , a 27-dimensional representation is constructed for over , . This makes it possible to prove anew the embedding . A similar construction concerning the embedding is described.


Factors that influence learning outcomes is interest in learning and motivation to learn. Low interest and motivation of students tend to produce a low learning outcomes. This research aims to : (1) to analyze whether there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in learning  with the learning outcomes, (2) to analyze whether there is a positive and significant relationship motivation to learn  with the learning outcomes, (3) to analyze whether there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in learning  with the motivation to learn, (4) to analyze whether there is a positive and significant relationship between interest and motivation to learn simultaneously with the learning outcomes. The study population was all students of class X SMAN 10 Banjarmasin and the sample amounted to 80 students drawn by random sampling technique. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and achievement test. This type of research is the correlation and the method of analysis used is the correlation-regression.The results rX1Y = 0,339, rX2Y = 0,399, r X1X2 = 0,513 dan rX1X2Y = 0,428.The result found (1) there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in learning with the learning outcomes, (2) there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation to learn with the learning outcomes, (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in learning with the motivation to learn, and (4) there is a positive and significant relationship between interest and motivation to learn simultaneously with the learning outcomes in class X SMAN 10 Banjarmasin.


A useful lower electrode assembly for supporting a semiconductor substrate in a plasma processing chamber, a temperature-controlled lower base plate, an upper plate, a mounting groove surrounding the bonding layer, recessed outside in an uncompressed state and a edge seal comprising an elastomeric band having a surface, the elastomer band has its upper and lower ends so that the maximum outer swelling amount is compressed in the axial direction is less than a predetermined distance, is mounted in the groove. .FIELD 1


The effects of inhomogeneous and homogeneous line broadening on the lineshape in two- and quasi-three-dimensional four-pulse (HYSCORE)1H electron-spin-echo-envelope-modulation spectra in single crystals of betaine phosphite are examined. The inhomogeneous line broadening leads to a ridge-type cross-peak shape in the two-dimensional four-pulse spectra. Whereas the homogeneous linewidth can be directly taken from the cross peaks, spectral simulations are necessary for the determination of the inhomogeneous linewidth. The hyperfine-coupling-parameter distributions of protons in the hydrogen bonds of betaine phosphite single crystals are determined. The observed inhomogeneously broadened cross-peak lineshapes indicate small local random fields in the disordered paraelectric phase of betaine phosphite.


Legumes are the macro symbionts of bacteria, the microsymbiont that form root nodules and fix atmospheric nitrogen indirectly increasing the crop yield Pithecellobium dulce in a N2 fixing, root nodulating, multipurpose tree legume. In this present investigation, the nodules were isolated from P.dulce at different localities. These isolates were characterized by carrying out a number of standard morphological, ecological and biological tests and compared with Bergey's manual of determination bacteriology. The results revealed that the nodulating bacteria of P. dulce was confirmed as the geneus Rhizobium and belongs to the Rhizobium spp., cowpea group.


There is highlighted special small subgroup of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who has translocation of gene ALK in tumor. The modified gene encodes a fusion of pathological protein, leading to activation of ALK receptor on the membrane of tumor cells and then malignant transformation. Clinical studies of crizotinib noted a high frequency (> 60%) of complete and partial responses in chemoresistant metastatic ALK-positive lung cancer; median of progression-free survival reached more than 9 months. Crizotinib is the ATP competitive inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptor like ALK, MET and ROS1, is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment ofALK-positive lung cancer. However, it is almost inevitable that almost all patients, even in the most pronounced immediate effect to 24 months of treatment crizotinib marked progression of the disease, which is associated with the development of tumor resistance. Currently, clinical studies of the second generation inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, such as ceritinib, alectinib, AP26113 etc, are continuing. Their application is possible in case of the development of resistance to crizotinib.


The researchers depended on a scientific questionnaire that has been designed and developed based on the previous studies and theoretical framework of the study. The study population composed all (102) companies that use financial lease to acquire capital assets. One hundred (102) questionnaires were distributed of which (90) questionnaires were recovered. Six questionnaires were excluded during the analysis process because of insufficient data. The study was confined to analyzing (84) questionnaires or (82.4%) of the distributed questionnaires. The study results reveal that there is a demand for the use of financial lease in Jordan due to that the financial lease use leads to increasing profits and liquidity and decreasing the degree of risk. The researchers recommend expanding the scope of financial lease contract uses in the Jordanian companies for being an efficient and flexible finance means.


Aiding the ground cellular network with aerial base stations carried by drones has experienced an intensive raise of interest in the past years. Reconfigurable air-to-ground channels enable aerial stations to enhance users' access links by means of seeking good line-of-sight connectivity while hovering in the air. In this article, we propose an analytical framework for the 3D placement of a fleet of coordinated drone relays. This framework optimizes network performance in terms of user throughput fairness, expressed through the α -fairness metric. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-convex program, which is intractable. Hence, we propose an extremal-optimization-based algorithm, Parallelized Alpha-fair Drone Deployment (PADD), which solves the problem online, in low-degree polynomial time. We evaluate our proposal by means of numerical simulations over the real topology of a dense city. We discuss the advantages of integrating drone relay stations in current networks and test several resource scheduling approaches in both static and dynamic scenarios, including with progressively larger and denser crowds.


15 dimethyl-hydroxyaryl-sulfonium chlorides have been prepared by condensing dimethylsulfoxide on hydroxyaromatic compounds with hydrochloric acid. The structure of the sulfonium salts and the mechanism of their formation are discussed. The pyrolysis of those sulfonium chlorides gives a quantitative yield of the corresponding methyl-hydroxyaryl-thioethers. The combination of those two reactions provides a very convenient way to introduce a methylthio-group on an aromatic nucleus already carrying an hydroxyl group.


The in vitro uptake of L-methionine in the jejunum of chickens inoculated with 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria necatrix was less than the uptake measured in uninoculated birds at days 6, 13, and 21 postinoculation (PI). Less methionine was taken up in the ileum of inoculated birds than in uninoculated birds on days 6 and 13 PI. Infection did not affect methionine absorption by the duodenum on days 2, 6, 13, or 21 PI or by the jejunum and ileum on day 2 PI. Studies on the kinetics of transport showed that infection reduced both the diffusion and mediated components of methionine transport in the jejunum at day 7 PI. Experiments using ligated intestinal loops in vivo confirmed the reduction of methionine absorption in the jejunum of infected birds. The kinetics and specificity of amino acid absorption in the intestine of chickens have been reviewed (Lerner, 1971). No complete studies on the effects of coccidia on these same parameters are available although Turk and Stephens (1969b) and Turk (1970) reported results of preliminary experiments. Coccidiosis can affect the overall absorption of substrates such as zinc (Turk and Steuphens, 1966, 1967a, b, 1969a, 1970a, b), oleic acid (Turk and Stephens, 1967b, c, 1969a, 1970b), calcium (Turk, 1973), and glucose (Giese et al., 1971), as measured by the appearance of radioactivity in the blood and/or tissues of infected birds after oral administration of labeled substrate. Changes have also been reported in the digestion and absorption of protein in chickens infected with coccidia (Turk and Stephens, 1969b; Turk, 1970, 1972). The present study examined the effects of Eimeria necatrix on the uptake of L-methionine in vivo and in vitro to determine: (1) changes in absorption at various days postinoculation (PI); (2) the specific kinetic parameters affected (i.e., changes in the mediated and/or diffusion components of transport); and (3) the specific areas of the intestine affected. MATERIALS AND METHODS


Vote trust is a development and innovation of trust system in the area of Company Law.It is a special trust which defines shareholders' vote as an object and it has various functions which are often used to balance shareholders' benefits,keep control of the company,guarantee the stability and continuity of management,and assure creditors' benefits.It is also helpful to companies' finance and increase of decision-making efficiency.However,under the circumstances that the vote trust has existed in corporate operation,the present Company Law doesn't have any regulations as for vote trust system,which is unfavorable to companies' benign development.Therefore,it is supposed to add regulations about vote trust in Corporate Law,Securities Law and Trust Law of China,and to put vote trust into the adjustment range so as to establish vote trust system in China.


The active, reactive, scattered and unbalanced currents and powers, the RMS value and harmonic components are defined only for periodic quantities. Unfortunately, non-periodic variation of load parameters or their periodic variation but with a frequency different than the frequency of the voltage produced by power generators, causes non-periodic currents. Such non-periodic currents, however, are often much lower than periodic components and consequently, the entire current can be considered as semi-periodic. The notion of semi-periodic voltage has similar meaning. This paper discusses the main properties of semi-periodic currents, it provides their classification and introduces a concept of primary, secondary, coperiodic, non-coperiodic components as well as the concept of interharmonic noise and quasi-harmonics. The paper investigates how circuits with semi-periodic voltages and currents could be described in power terms.


Surface properties of commercial autoclaved light weight concrete (ALC) having 1.1nm-tobermorite as a major constitutional mineral were investigated. The effective field strength of the ALC surface was determined as 6.6×105e.s.u./cm2 from the slope of linear relation between heat of immersion (hi (sl)) and dipole moment of immersing media. And the relation of (hi (sl)) for water with evacuation temperature of the ALC was quite close to that of α-quartz indicating the maximum of (hi (sl)) near 300°C. Effective methods of surface modification for water repellent were found by either autoclaving at 234°C under 3.0MPa or reflux-boiling at 75°C under 101kPa, using solution of 1-hexadecanol diluted with hexane in each method.


Abstract : A series of tests was conducted to establish the minimum non- propagation distance between 8-inch M106 HE projectiles loaded with 16.7 kilograms (38.8 pounds) of Composition B. Each projectile was supported above the ground surface by low density concrete blocks. This effort was in direct support of the modernization of the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant, Burlington, Iowa, but it is applicable to other similar facilities. The test results indicated that the minimum non-propagation distance for 8-inch M106 HE projectiles is 0.30 meter (1 foot) provided that aluminum shielding rods 7.6 centimeters (30 inches) in diameter and the height of the projectiles are positioned vertically in a straight line between adjacent projectiles.


A repository of Medical diagnostic system extracts the list of diseases and its treatments from data warehouse of the system and helps to detect the disease and treatments according to input symptoms. But repository is unable to detect those diseases whose symptoms are unmatched. In this paper, authors proposed an approach to remove this anomaly from the medical diagnostic system by using three approaches such as fuzzy logic, clustering and classical genetic algorithm. A physician takes input symptoms from patient and yield results. Moreover, physician compares his results with the result of medical diagnostic system.


Background. Simulation Based Learning (SBL) revolutionized medical education. Today's challenge is to control and improve the quality of the SBL. One way to monitor the quality of the learning process is to conduct regular surveys.

Methods.. 4th year medical students were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of Likert scale, to assess the training course and SBL in general. Improvement of their knowledge after taking the course was analyzed on the basis of pre- and post-test results.

Results. Eighty-two 4th year medical students responses to the 35 questions in the questionnaire were positive and the average score was 4.57 on a 5-point Likert scale. Pre- and post-test analysis proved that the course was really productive. The average points for pretest was 20 points (SD=5,39) and 29 points for pot-test (SD=4,64).

Conclusions. "Clinical skills" course has caused a high satisfaction and motivation of the students and improved their knowledge. Knowledge enhancement and skills acquisition took place in a comfortable environment.


Bibliotherapy activity in Essex is described and the development of bibliotherapy in the UK reviewed, drawing on an audit prepared for Arts Council England and the Museums, Libraries, and Archives Council in 2006. There is a focus on book prescription but also covered is the use of creative literature to promote health and wellbeing, and the filtering of information on prescription by some UK library services. Edited version of a paper presented at the Reading Critical conference, State Library of Victoria 11-12 April 2008.


* The travel industry: The tourism and travel industries were severely affected by a drastic decline in visitor arrivals. The number of international flights was reduced by 45% and 44% in May and June respectively, with the number of visitor arrivals and departures down by 82% in May and 67% in June compared with the previous year. The average hotel occupancy rate stood at just 22% for the whole of May but rose to 51% for the last ten days of June.


In this paper, we propose a new approach to automatic calibration of surveillance cameras. The proposed method is based on observing rigid objects in the scene and automatically estimating landmarks on these objects. The proposed approach can use arbitrary rigid objects, as was verified by experiments with a synthetic dataset, but vehicles were used during our experiments with real-life data. Landmarks on objects automatically detected by a convolutional neural network together with corresponding 3D positions in the object coordinate system are exploited during the camera calibration process. To determine 3D positions of the landmarks, fine-grained classification of the detected vehicles in the image plane is necessary. The proposed calibration method consists of dual optimization-optimization of objects' positions in the world coordinate system and also optimization of the calibration parameters to minimize the re-projection error of the localized landmarks. The experiments show improvement in calibration accuracy over the existing method solving a similar problem furthermore with fewer restrictions on the input data. The calibration error on a real world dataset decreased from 6.88% to 2.85%.


The present study was carried out at Seds Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during 2019 and 2020 seasons. This investigation was carried out to estimate heterosis, combining ability, proportional contributions, genetic components and heritability estimates of some characters for six Egyptian cotton varieties as lines i.e, Giza 80, Giza 86, Giza 90, Giza 93, Giza 94 and Giza 95, while, the other three genotypes used as testers were Karshenky, Ustraly 13 and Pima S4, using line x tester analysis. In 2020 season a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried to evaluate all genotype (nine parents and their 18 F1s crosses) for some genetic parameters. The results indicated that mean squares due to the genotypes, parents, parents vs. crosses, crosses, lines, testers and Line x Tester were highly significant for all studied traits, except boll weight, seed index and lint index at tester and fiber strength for Line x Tester. The following crosses demonstrated the best heterosis relative to mid- and better-parent, i.e, Giza 80 x Karashenky, Giza 86 x Ustraly 13 and Giza 86 x Pima S4 for most yield studied traits and the crosses Giza 93 x Karashenky and Giza 93 x Ustraly 13 for most fiber quality traits. The results revealed that the lines Giza 86 and Giza 94 were significant and positive desirable GCA effects for most yield traits. Giza 93 had significant desirable GCA effects for all fiber traits, in this respect, the results of testers showed that Pima S4 had significant desirable for some yield and fiber traits. However, estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) effects for crosses Giza 86 x Ustraly 13, Giza 90 x Pima S4, Giza 93 x Karshenky and Giza 95 x Pima S4 were significant desirable SCA effects for most yield traits, while, the crosses Giza 90 x Pima S4, Giza 93 x Karshenky and Giza 95 x Pima S4 were significant desirable SCA effects for most fiber traits. The results showed that proportion contribution of lines was higher than of lines x tester interaction contribution and testers for all studied traits. The non-additive of genetic parameters was larger than additive genetic variance with respect to all studied traits except lint percentage, seed index, lint index and upper half mean. The highest broad sense heritability estimates was observed in case of UHM with values of 88.47% and the lowest was for fiber strength with value of 32.24%, while for narrow sense heritability, it was ranged from 8.04% to 49.03% for boll weight and upper half mean, respectively. Generally, Giza 86 and Giza 94 could be used in breeding programs for improving high yielding varieties, while Giza 93 could be considered as excellent parent for breeding programs to produce new varieties characterized with best fiber properties.


Excerpt To the editor: We have read with interest the recent correspondence (1) reporting a presumptive anterior uveitis without apparent retinochoroiditis in acquired toxoplasmosis. Although there...


Objective To investigate the influencing factors of hospitalization expenditure among patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) related diseases,and to provide evidence for the improvement of medicine security system and CHB prevention.Methods The medical records of patients with CHB related diseases in general hospital of Shanxi province from 2002 to 2009 were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate Cox regression model were applied in the analysis.Results From 2002 to 2009,the number of inpatients with CHB related diseases increased yearly.The average age of the inpatients was 46.5±13.93 years and 60.02 percent of the patients were farmers.The average time of hospitalization was 16 days.The significant influencing factors of the hospitalization expenditure included admission state,secondary diagnosis,hospitalization days,status of HBsAg,proportion of medicine cost,and age(P0.01 for all).Conclusion The economic burden of patients with CHB related diseases were heavier.We should strengthen hospital management and establish clinical practice guideline and criteria for the control of proportion of medicine cost and days of hospitalization to decrease the economic burden of the patients.


Key Points Single-cell–based rhesus-specific Ig and TCR repertoire sequencing is established. All rhesus Ig and TCR isotypes and chain types are recovered. Recent advancements in microfluidics and high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled recovery of paired H and L chains of Igs and VDJ and VJ chains of TCRs from thousands of single cells simultaneously in humans and mice. Despite rhesus macaques being one of the most well-studied model organisms for the human adaptive immune response, high-throughput single-cell immune repertoire sequencing assays are not yet available due to the complexity of these polyclonal receptors. We used custom primers that capture all known rhesus macaque Ig and TCR isotypes and chains that are fully compatible with a commercial solution for single-cell immune repertoire profiling. Using these rhesus-specific assays, we sequenced Ig and TCR repertoires in >60,000 cells from cryopreserved rhesus PBMCs, splenocytes, and FACS-sorted B and T cells. We were able to recover every Ig isotype and TCR chain, measure clonal expansion in proliferating T cells, and pair Ig and TCR repertoires with gene expression profiles of the same single cells. Our results establish the ability to perform high-throughput immune repertoire analysis in rhesus macaques at the single-cell level.


Intraperitoneal injections in rats of 8 mg 6-methylpurine/kg of body weight led to constantly increasing elevations in the plasma phosphohexose isomerase and lactic dehydrogenase activities. Nineteen days after the injection, the isomerase and dehydrogenase activities had risen to about 8-fold and 3-fold the control values, respectively.

These plasma enzyme elevations were accompanied by substantial and significant decreases of the enzyme activities in the liver, but by minor and generally insignificant decreases in skeletal muscle and erythrocytes. The 6-methylpurine-injected rats showed losses in body and liver weight, but rats starved to points of corresponding or greater loss of weight exhibited only minor and generally insignificant increases in plasma enzyme and decreases in liver enzyme activities.

The absence of any consistent histologic abnormalities in the livers of the 6-methylpurine-injected rats indicated that alterations in the cell other than those leading to cell necrosis accounted for the release of enzyme proteins into the circulation.


Now a day's numbers of documents on Internet are increasing. Many traditional searching techniques may not return most accurate results in some cases. This can overcome by considering context of document i.e. content profile. In this paper we have proposed a system which tries to address this issue with novel method of content profiling. Proposed system is using Naive Bayes text classifier and Apriori association rule to build content profile. This system accepts document from users and reply with set of similar documents based on context of document. Here we are considering document context of both input document and stored documents. This gives system where searching can also be done without using keywords.Content profile: Set of simple sentences that capture essence of document.


Three core requirements are discussed for the implementation of distributed intelligent systems: a peer-to-peer communications infrastructure, a multi-agent architecture, and a means to provide distributed logistics for the management and self-organization of system resources. We distinguish between a distributed system and a distributed intelligent system, and the inherent advantages that they have over centralized methodologies. By incorporating intelligence in a distributed system, it is capable of cooperation, collaboration and coordination, features that have cardinal importance for highly configurable networks such as ad-hoc systems. We highlight research being conducted by Simon Fraser University and Intelligent Robotics Corporation to design and implement wireless distributed intelligent systems


Article history: Received 5 January 2014 Received in revised format 8 March 2014 Accepted 16 March 2014 Available online 18 March 2014 Measuring the performance of governmental organizations plays essential role on making strategic decisions. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to measure the performance of 22 different branches of municipalities in city of Tehran, Iran. The proposed study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring the relative efficiencies of various units. The proposed DEA uses fixed assets, employee expenses and total income as input and Green Space Development, Resumption and Waste, Development of Cultural Spaces as well as Improvement of Passages and highways are considered as the output of the model. The results indicate that 9 regions were operating efficiently and 14 regions were inefficient. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


The torque-free rotation of an asymmetric top about one principal axis is unstable. The unstable motion has the interesting feature that the apparent direction of rotation periodically reverses. This is described together with a simple apparatus for its observation.


Simulations of human blood and airflow are playing an increasing role in personalized medicine. Comparing flow data of different treatment scenarios or before and after an intervention is important to assess treatment options and success. However, existing visualization tools are either designed for the evaluation of a single data set or limit the comparison to a few partial aspects such as scalar fields defined on the vessel wall or internal flow patterns. Therefore, we present C OMFIS , a system for the comparative visual analysis of two simulated medical flow data sets, e.g. before and after an intervention. We combine various visualization and interaction methods for comparing different aspects of the underlying, often time-dependent data. These include comparative views of different scalar fields defined on the vessel/mucous wall, comparative depictions of the underlying volume data, and comparisons of flow patterns. We evaluated C OMFIS with CFD engineers and medical experts, who were able to efficiently find interesting data insights that help to assess treatment options.


Measurements of fluid transport by controllable vertical migrations of plankton Isabel Houghton and John O. Dabiri Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Diel vertical migration of zooplankton has been proposed to be a significant contributor to local and possibly large-scale fluid transport in the ocean. However, studies of this problem to date have been limited to order-of-magnitude estimates based on first principles and a small number of field observations. In this work, we leverage the phototactic behavior of zooplankton to stimulate controllable vertical migrations in the laboratory and to study the associated fluid transport and mixing. Building upon a previous prototype system, a laser guidance system induces vertical swimming of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) in a 2.1 meter tall, density-stratified water tank. A schlieren imaging system and a conductivity probe are used for measurements of the water column. Fluid transport and mixing is quantified through analysis of turbulent scales and the density profile evolution. These experiments will add to our understanding of the dynamics of active particles in stratified flows and inform the ongoing debate regarding biogenic ocean mixing. Introduction The ocean consists of large scale temperature and salinity gradients leading to a stable density stratification superimposed upon a highly varying distribution of nutrients. At the surface, nutrient concentrations are impacted by biological activity. At depth, light atten- uation reduces biological activity and nutrient concentration reaches a maximum. Vertical transport mechanisms, such as upwelling, are critical for surface nutrient replenishment. In this work, vertical fluid transport by collective swimmers, such as zooplankton, is in- vestigated as a potential mechanism affecting the chemical and physical characteristics of the water column. Zooplankton comprise a significant portion of the ocean biomass and cluster in dense swarms throughout the ocean. Following light cues of sunrise and sunset, these dense swarms migrate to and from the surface in a process known as diel vertical migration (DVM) (Dewar et al., 2006). These migrations have been witnessed vertically over hun- dreds of meters in regions of high nutrient variation (Denman and Gargett, 1995). Repre- sentative plankton swimmers and in situ migration observations exhibit speeds around 100 m hr −1 (Kunze, 2006) while upwelling vertical velocities that play a crucial role in nutrient transport are notably slower on the order of 4 m hr −1 (Mahadevan, 2016). Additionally, field measurements have shown turbulent kinetic energy dissipation can be elevated by three to four orders of magnitude following a vertical migration (Kunze, 2006), although subsequent measurements have brought into question what levels of enhancement are representative (Rousseau et al., 2010). Overall, current knowledge lacks a quantitative understanding of the potential impacts of DVM to the physical and biogeochemical struc- ture of the water column. The collective nature of plankton migration presents the possibility for animals of sizes VIII th Int. Symp. on Stratified Flows, San Diego, USA, Aug. 29 - Sept. 1, 2016


Although drones are receiving a lot of attention from industry and academia alike, the protection of citizen privacy is still an open issue. To this end, we demonstrate how basic principles of information privacy could be integrated with existing infrastructure to build up a framework for privacy-aware unmanned aerial system (UAS) dispatch considering restricted areas. The software framework proposed enables UAS operators to determine whether a selected UAS flight path intersects with a restricted area, by considering privacy preferences that can be configured by citizens themselves.


The results of the research on the biological effect of the biomacromolecule Yeast Mannan( Man) indicate that the Man( made in ADF Lab,China) has several biological functions favorable to human health and the others. This paper reports the efficacy of Man in inhibiting tumor-Sarcoma 180 weight growing in S-180 mice's body. The efficacy on Man in inhibiting S-180 tumor weight growing increased in direct ratio to the amount of Man injected into the S-180mice's body. In the lifetime of the Man group mice( male,female) of Man III,when it got 360 mg Man( 40 mg Man /Kg / d·9 d),it showed that the S-180 mice's weight increased to 1. 66 times,and the highest inhibition ratio of S-180tumor reached 98. 4%( male) and 78%( male and female averaged); The effect of Man inhibition on S-180 tumor weight growing is sensitive to the amount of Man used and the mice's sex. Usually,the inhibitive effect of Man on tumor S-180 weight growing is better for the male mice than for the female ones when an equal amount of Man is injected; The inhibition of S-180 tumor weight growing caused by Man is better than by 5-Fu,the antitumor drug.


One important problem in data analysis is to effec- tively measure the divergence of two sets of values of a feature, each from a group of samples with a particular condition. Such a measurement is the foundation for identifying critical features that contribute to the difference between the two conditions. The two traditional methods t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test measure this divergence indirectly, using the difference of the means of the two groups and the sum of the ranks from one of the groups, respectively. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach based on fuzzy set theory, the Cluster Misclassification test (CM-test), to quantify the divergence directly and robustly. To validate our approach, we conducted experiments on both synthetic and real diabetes gene expression datasets. On the synthetic datasets, we observed that CM-test effectively quantifies the divergence of two sets. On the real diabetes dataset, we observed that in the top ten genes identified by CM-test, eight of them have been confirmed to be associated with diabetes in the literature. We suggest the remaining two genes, M95610 and M88461, as two potential diabetic genes for further biological investigation. Therefore, we recommend that CM-test be another effective method for measuring the divergence of two sets, complementing t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test in practice.


Using a rich data set of almost the entire population of Ukrainian secondary schools, the authors estimate the effect of school size and class size on the performance of secondary schools on Ukraine's External Independent Test. They find that larger schools tend to have somewhat better performance, both in terms of test scores and in terms of test participation. The size of this effect is relatively small, however, especially in rural areas for which the estimates are likely to be more clean estimates. Class size is found to be insignificant in most specifications and, if significant, of negligible size.


Having optimum floating characteristics without the risk of fragmentation of the magnetic head of the first rail device, and a method of manufacturing the magnetic head device. In this magnetic head device, a first guide rail formed on the surface facing the disc-shaped recording medium, the guide track extending parallel to the moving direction of the disc-shaped recording medium, a first guide rail extending parallel to the second guide rail is formed. A first guide rail is formed by grooving the center slider side of the first head chip.


It describes an interferometer apparatus and method of use for a fiber optic system. And an optical coupler interferometer includes optical fibers defining a first optical path and second optical paths. Light propagating in the first optical path and second optical path is reflected back to the optical coupler to generate an interference signal. First, second and third interference signal component is directed toward the respective first, second and third photodetectors. Third photodetector connected to the optical coupler via the non-reciprocal optical device, and is configured to measure the intensity of the input toward the third interference signal component is guided back to the optical fiber. Also describes a method for use in monitoring applications and acoustic disturbances in the calibration method.


Purpose – Adopting an exploratory approach, this paper aims to focus on the potential negative consequences that online fi restorms (OFs) might have on consumer – brand relationships. Speci fi cally, the authors focus on the individual level through taking a close look at the content that users generate during theseattacks. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted content analysis to study four recent brand- related OFs that occurred onTwitter. Findings – The results show that brands are at the core of the users ' conversations, although other actors, such as competing fi rms, can also be affected. Negative comments greatly exceed positive ones. Actions against thebrand, both passive (avoidance) andactive (vengeance), emerged duringtheOFs. Research limitations/implications – The exploratory nature of the study could cast doubt on the generalizability of the results. Moreover, the number of OF analyzed is limited, although they represent an interesting variety of brandmisconducts. Practical implications – Nowadays, brands are publicly scrutinized through social networks, as the networks enable users to speak out about brands ' perceived mistakes and wrongdoings. This paper con fi rms thatmanagersshouldmonitor,understandandtrytorespondtoOFstominimizetheirimpact. Originality/value – Online fi restorms are a recent phenomenon that has gained attention fi nally, as they can reach hundreds of users in real-time and can involve a huge amount of comments posted online against a brand. These attacks could severely damage the brand, even when there is no strong evidence of the posted content being true. This paper adds to the scarce literature on the topic and analyzes the negative effects for brands.


The fine structure of the dynamically broadened spectral line of a single‐longitudinal‐mode InGaAsP laser under large‐signal direct intensity modulation at 10 GHz was studied. It is shown that the frequency‐chirped spectral line has a characteristic FM modulation spectrum with many sidebands at 10‐GHz intervals and with an asymmetry due to the superposition of the a.m. modulation.


The most data-productive Mars spacecraft passed orbit 50,000 this week, continuing to compile the most sharp-eyed global coverage ever gathered by a camera at the Red Planet.


Time delays are often instability sources and give rise to undesired oscillation and performance degradation, so it is necessary to consider delay in general congestion control schemes. In this paper, a new system model for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is established in discrete time, subsystems including delay are presented, and the overall model is achieved by blending these subsystems. For controller synthesis, common quadratic Lyapunov functions and a new approach based on nonquadratic Lyapunov functions are utilized, and a controller is designed to stabilize each subsystem. The controller synthesis results are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the performance of our proposed scheme is considered and the decay rate is guaranteed. Finally, a set of novel congestion control schemes is derived for WSNs, and the resulting closed-loop systems are globally asymptotically stable in case of queue length changes and the consequent delay changes. The simulation results are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.


Abstract Percutaneous sclerotherapy and standalone surgical excision have historically been the mainstay of treatment for pediatric venous malformations (VMs). However, both approaches have significant limitations. Sclerotherapy often requires multiple treatment sessions, with each round adding additional procedural and anesthetic risks as well as radiation exposure. Standalone surgical excision of VMs can be complicated by high-volume blood loss, and indistinct lesion margins can lead to incomplete resection, resulting in recurrence. An alternative to these approaches is percutaneous cyanoacrylate glue embolization followed by immediate surgical excision, a single-stage procedure that allows for better surgical margin definition and reduced intraoperative blood loss, potentially leading to more definitive treatment. The authors describe the interventional radiology aspects of this combined procedure, emphasizing materials preparation and embolization technique.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the systemic mercury levels in urine of patients and dental school students caused by exposure to silver amalgam. It is currently believed that occupational exposure shows the highest rate of potential for poisoning by mercury. Dental professionals are part of that quota, introducing concerns regarding the handling of dental amalgam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study comprised 40 urine samples from 20 subjects, which were divided into four sampling groups: G1A (n = 10) composed of students before their first occupational contact; G1B (n = 10) composed of the same G1 students after their first contact; G2A (n = 10) composed of patients who needed to have dental restorations before amalgam removal; and G2B (n = 10) composed of patients who needed to have dental restoration after amalgam removal. Cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS) was used as the evaluation method.

RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was found among dependent groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.0038), whereas mercury levels increased considerably after the first occupational contact of all subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Occupational exposure to dental amalgam poses a potential risk of increasing systemic mercury levels, although urine mercury levels in all the sample participants were below the limits of biologic tolerance.


With the increasing threatening of the greenhouse effect, taking some measures to reduce carbon emissions is extremely essential. Carbon pricing policy is one of the most powerful tools for reducing emissions. However, most researches focused on carbon emissions allowances trade price prediction, only few investigations paid attention to carbon emissions allowances trade volume prediction. In order to better understand carbon emissions of carbon emissions, this study performed long-term prediction and short-term prediction models to predict carbon emissions trading volume. Linear regression, Decision tree, Random forest, Extreme gradient boosting and Support vector machine were chosen to perform long-term prediction. In these five long-term prediction models, Random Forest performs best with the smallest mean absolute error (24.42). What's more, a time series forward multi-step hybrid intelligent prediction model (consists of reinforcement learning model, hidden Markov model and neural network) was used to perform short-term prediction, which improves the accuracy and effect of the prediction. The mean absolute error of short-term prediction is 6.79. Our study shows there is a nonlinear relationship between the lag of volume/frequency of transactions and price in the future. The machine learning-based Carbon emissions allowances trade prediction enables traders and environmental organizations to observe the overall carbon emissions trading volume trends and changes as well as judge the short-term trading situation and make judgments.


The macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin are the mainstays of therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease. How can macrolide


The exhaust gas from diesel engine is one of the major cause of air pollution. As one method, for pollution control, the authors have been developed plasma reactors. The authors' reactor is concentric cylinder type which has a glass tube barrier between electrodes. Connecting two of these reactors in series, the NOx(NO+NOz) component from diesel engine exhaust gas is decomposed up to 93%. This reactor was mounted on 3 Iitters diesel engine and received 6 modes load testing at an authorized public facility (JARI, Tukuba-city) and cleared the legal critical value 350 ppm of NOx. By this success, the effectiveness of discharge plasma treatment of diesel exhaust gas and its practical evalution have been confirmed.


Braided non-commutative differential geometry is studied. We investigate the theory of (bicovariant) differential calculi in braided abelian categories. Previous results on crossed modules and Hopf bimodules in braided categories are used to construct higher order bicovariant differential calculi over braided Hopf algebras out of first order ones. These graded objects are shown to be braided differential Hopf algebras with universal bialgebra properties. The article extends Woronowicz's results on (bicovariant) differential calculi to the braided non-commutative case.


ABSTRACT In this paper I investigate how intellectual problems concerning an epistemology of history and a historical view of knowledge played a role in the network of logical empiricist philosophers between 1930 and 1945. Specifically, I focus on the practical efforts of Hans Reichenbach and Otto Neurath to incorporate these intellectual stakes concerning history. I argue that Reichenbach was mainly concerned with creating more institutional space for scientific philosophy. Consequently, he was interested in determining his relation to historically oriented philosophy on the practical level only. Otto Neurath, I claim, was interested in promoting an intellectual incorporation of an epistemology of history and a historical view of knowledge into the Unity of Science movement. His attempts, however, largely failed. I conclude that the intellectual stakes concerning history did have an effect within the network of logical empiricist philosophers, but that, by 1945 these stakes were entirely dissolved. The displacement of the network to the United States removed Reichenbach's practical problems, while Neurath was unable to persuade enough actors before his death.


Virtual Reality (VR) combined with near real-time EEG signal processing can be used as an improvement to already existing rehabilitation techniques, enabling practitioners and therapists to get immersed into a virtual environment together with patients. The goal of this study is to propose a classification model along with all preprocessing and feature extraction steps, able to produce satisfying results while maintaining near real time performance. The proposed solutions are tested on an EEG signal dataset, containing left/right hand motor imagery movement experiments performed by 52 subjects. Performance of different models is measured using accuracy score and execution time both in the testing and training phase. In conclusion, one model is proposed as optimal with respect to the requirements of potential patient rehabilitation procedures.


The high orders of Stark effects on spectral line shapes are examined in the ion‐static and electron‐impact ap‐proximations. At first the distribution functions of the spatial derivative of the ion microfield in He+ plasma are calculated for different plasma conditions when the coupling parameter is weak. We present new results about the spatial derivative ion microfield distributions and apply them to show the asymmetry of the Lyman‐α (Ly‐α) line in He+ plasma. At the second stage we show that asymmetry is affected by the spatial derivative tensor of the local ion electric field. We have used the Monte‐Carlo simulation (MCS) to compute the distribution functions for all tensor components and use them to solve the evolution equation of emitter whose solution serves to compute and therefore to show the line shape asymmetry. Good agreement of our distribution functions of ion microfield gradients and the line asymmetry with other results are obtained (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Price behavior is an indicator for market efficiency. The reseach is conducted: (i) to examine the relationships between riil price for rice at retail level and riil price for rough rice at producer level, (ii) to examine the relationships between riil price for rice at retail level and riil price for impor rice. The causality is analysed by error correction representation, and the asymmetry of price transmmision is analysed by error correction model approach. It is used monthly time series data from 1998 – 2008. Results of the research show that: (i) the riil price for rice at retail level is integrated to the riil price for rough rice at producer level in the longrun; (ii) there is a causality direction from riil price for rice at retail level to riil price for rough rice at producer level, and no reverse, (iii) the price transmmision of relationship between riil price for rice at retail level and riil price for rough rice at producer level is asymmetry. Price adjusment of rough rice at raising price is slower than at falling price.


The effect of poly-dielectrics such as sodium poly-acrylic acid(NaPAA) and ammonium poly-acrylic acid(NH4PAA) on rheologic properties of brown-glaze slip.The result shows that NaPAA is superior to NH4PAA in rheologic properties as the dispersant of brown-glaze slip.In case of NaPAA is used the dose amount of the dispersant and the"platform"range differs by solid substance content which constitutes 0.04%~0.3% at 55% content and 0.02%~0.24% at 60% content.At this "platform"range,suspension of satisfactory fluidity can be obtained.


This rule establishes procedures for imposing civil money penalties, assessments, and exclusions for certain violations of the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The regulations also provide for hearings and appeals when those penalties, assessments, and exclusions are imposed. These procedures are based on the procedures that the Office of the Inspector General has promulgated for the civil money penalties, assessments, and exclusions. These regulations are designed to protect program beneficiaries from unfit health care practitioners and to otherwise improve antifraud provisions under the Medicare and Medicaid Acts.


The invention relates to a phase change heat storage device, a solar heat utilization system employing the same and an operating mode of the solar heat utilization system, and provides a heat storage device with good heat storage property and high exergy, and the heat storage device is applied to a solar heat utilization system. The heat storage device adopts a plurality of serially connected independent heat storage units to realize temperature gradient heat storage and utilizes latent heat of a heat storage medium during heat storage to improve the heat storage effect and the heat utilization ratio, is simple in structure and allows the heat storage units to be flexibly adjusted as required. According to the invention, the heat storage device is also applied to the solar heat utilization system, latent heat and sensible heat storage capability of the heat storage medium are fully utilized, the required amount of the heat storage medium is reduced, the structure is simplified and the solar exergy is improved.


Cancer accounts for nearly one-quarter of deaths in the United States. The life expectancy after standard treatment for these patients is dismal. New treatment modalities should be considered and evaluated. Ascorbic Acid (AA, Vitamin C) is a relatively low cost and safe nutrient even when given at very high doses (intravenous) that could be a very relevant co-adjuvant in cancer treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown benefit of using high dose intravenous vitamin C as adjuvant therapy in cancer patients. There is significant supporting evidence of the benefits of the use vitamin C with chemotherapy.


ETSI single wire protcol (SWP) specifies communication over line 8 SWP_10 between universal integrated circuit card (UICC) 9 and near field communicator (NFC) 12. The NFC communicates with the UICC by driving the voltage on line 8 high/low using transistors 13,15, the UICC signals back by drawing a high/low current when the voltage on line 8 is high. NFC interface includes low pass RC filter 101,104 to reject line noise. When line 8 is low switch 102 is open and 103 is closed, thus 101 is pre-charged by current source 14. When line 8 is driven high, inherent capacitance results in a large transient current (Fig. 4). During this period switch 102 is kept open to isolate capacitor 101. After a delay switch 102 is closed and 103 opened, comparator 100 will now indicate whether a high or low current is being drawn by UICC 9.


Raman and ir spectra of ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$ with the Cu-O chain structure have been investigated. Scattering peaks due to Raman-allowed ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{g}}$-mode phonons have been observed at 306 and 530 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at room temperature for the polarization of light along the a and c axes. On the other hand, when the polarization is along the b axis (chain direction), Raman-forbidden peaks have been observed at 235, 440, 500, and 690 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with strong second-order features, which show strong resonance enhancement at the charge-transfer gap energy of 2.0 eV. They are ascribed to the zone-boundary phonons, which appear through the strong coupling of the electron-hole pair excited on the Cu-O chain with phonons associated with the motion of atoms in the chain.


Abstract: Voronoi entropy for the random patterns and patterns demonstrating various elements of 11 symmetry are calculated. The symmetric patterns are characterized by the values of the Voronoi entropy 12 very close to those inherent to random ones. This contradicts the idea that the Voronoi entropy quantifies 13 the ordering of the seed points, constituting the pattern. The extension of the Shannon-like formula 14 embracing symmetric patterns is suggested. Analysis of Voronoi diagrams enables revealing of the 15 elements of symmetry of the pattern. 16


Recent articles on the Grounded Theory Method (GTM) have started to analyze its conceptual and philoso- phical foundations. In particular it has been argued that the early characterizations by GLASER and STRAUSS exhibit a scientistic and positivist orientation that is no longer ten- able. In her recent contribution to the GTM literature, CHARMAZ distinguished between objectivist GTM and constructivist GTM. This drew a response from Barney GLASER. What follows is a rejoinder to GLASER, offering some clarification of developments in people's understand- ing of this important and widely-used qualitative approach. Having quite coincidentally, and initially unknowingly, written an article (BRYANT 2002) that deals with similar issues to those raised by CHARMAZ in her contribution to the Handbook of Qualitative Research (CHARMAZ 2000), I was pleased to note that Barney GLASER had responded to her in his contribution "Constructivist Grounded Theory?" (published 2002 in FQS; reprinted in this volume). As I read GLASER' s response, however, my pleasure turned to dismay. In- stead of a coherent response to a provocative and well-reasoned argument, I found an incoherent and inconsistent article formatted like a poor piece of tabloid journalism. (I have no reason to believe that GLASER did not endorse publication of the paper in its final version.) CHARMAZ's argument can be stated in fairly simple terms. She distin- guishes between objectivist and constructivist concepts of the Grounded The- ory Method (GTM). The former assumes the reality of an external world, takes for granted a neutral observer, and views categories as derived from data. The


The purpose of this study was to examine whether the application of a Harano teaching model constituted by firsthand and secondhand experiential activities brought any changes to the affective physical education learning capabilities of elementary school


There are various kinds of appendages attached to ships. The appendage resistance ranges between 10% and 40% of the total resistance, and the mutual interference between the fl ow fi eld of appendages and hull is quite complex.. Taking a mid/high-speed Ship with Muti-appendages as example, use CFD method to calculate the ship resistance with different appendages, and analyse the impact of the appendages on ship resistance.


Article history: Received 29 December 2018 Received in revised form 27 January 2019 Accepted 19 February 2019 Available online 10 March 2019 Natural Circulation Systems or Free convection circuits are working in several engineering fields. Natural circulation can also be used as an inactive safety system or as a main heat transfer in nuclear reactors. Several few new fast reactors may be desirable earlier than forecast in the Generation IV Plans. Affording to the Special Report on Emission Scenarios commissioned by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) nuclear powers will increase through a factor of four by 2050. The drivers for this improvement are the increasing energy demand in developing countries, energy security, but also climate distresses. The article introduces the simplified modeling of the simulation problem of the reactor based on some simplification and assumptions and introduces how to carry out grid independence analysis and turbulence. Here the flow field, temperature field, pressure field and core flow distribution characteristics of typical liquid metal cooled natural circulation pool reactor were investigated by using FLUENT porous media model to simulate the reactor core and heat exchanger. Lead-bismuth eutectic provides a low melting point (398 K) limiting problems with freezing in the system and features of low chemical activity with water. An LFR performs air excluding the possibility of fire or explosions to have also an economic advantage and it doesn't need an intermediate coolant circuit. The number of reactor outages can be limited. The latter feature is also relevant for the remote location of prefabricated LFRs.


The interaction between γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and montmorillonites with different heat-treated temperatures in ethanol-water system was investigated.Samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms.Result suggested that most of the silane molecules existed in the interlayer of montmorillonite and a few of them were grafted on the edge of the layers.The loading amount of silane was respected with the water contents in the interlayer spaces of montmorillonite.Heat treatment reduced the interlayer water contents and consequently affected the grafting reaction.The process of grafting started with the ion exchange of silane molecules with the cation in the interlayer spaces of montmorillonite,and these molecules were adopted bilayer arrangements.Then the hydrolyzed silane molecules were condensated with each other.Owing to the inhibition of ethanol to the hydrolysis of silane and the distance between the adjacent charge sites of the layers,the residual Si-O-Si cross-linked network constituted a "pillar" structure.These modified products were hydrophobic and had the similar specific surface areas of montmorillonites.


By analyzing the history and status quo of the experimental teaching of sports human science in institutions of physical education in China,in accordance with the concept of reformation and an Olympic of science and technology put forward by "The Teaching Guidelines of Sports Human Science in General Institutions of Higher Learning of Physical Education for Undergraduate Course "(Document 9 2004, Ministry of Education) , the authors of this article expressed the necessity and urgency of the reformation of experimental teaching of sports human science, discussed the possibility of reformation of the experimental teaching in the subject and raised suggestions for reformation in areas of the experimental teaching plans,contents and management.


SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) is a well-known technique for studying the size and shape of particles in solution. More recently SAXS has been recognized as a complementary tool for extracting structural information from biological systems where X-ray crystallographic methods have failed. SAXS is also considered a useful tool to study behavior of a macromolecule under varied chemical conditions. However, to get reliable data from SAXS, the sample should be monodispersed in the solution at low concentration. Conventional home laboratory systems require two or more hours per exposure due to the weak signal from the sample. Access to synchrotron facilities is also very limited, thus there is a demand for a fast system for the home laboratory. Here we introduce the first commercial system specifically designed for high-throughput solution scattering experiments with macromolecules, the BioSAXS-1000. Comprised of specially designed focusing optics with Kratky collimation, the BioSAXS-1000 system eliminates smearing issues common to traditional Kratky cameras and provides sufficient flux for measuring scattering data for low concentration biological samples. This paper will summarize data collection and analyses for data collected on the BioSAXS-1000 for several protein samples, including ab initio protein envelopes.


Objective To discuss the relationship between the changes of cardiac structure and arrhythmia in senile hypertensive patients. Methods 100 senile hypertensive patients as well as 100 senile citizens with normal blood pressure underwent echocardiography and dynamic electrocardiogram. Results Those indexes such as thickness of septa interventriculare, mass of left ventricle, distance of left atrium and volume of left atrium in hypertension group were remarkably greater than those in control. The incidence rates of paroxysmal superventricualr, complex ventricular arrhythmia and total ventricular arrhythmia of hypertension group were obviously higher than those of control. The incidence rates of paroxysmal superventricular, complex ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in left ventricular hypertrophy patients increased than those without hypertrophy. The incidences rates of paroxysmal superventricualr, complex ventricular arrhythmia and total ventricular arrhythmia in concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy patients were far more than those with normal geometry. Conclusion With the changes, such as thickend left ventricular wall, increased ventricular weight and left atrial volume in senile hypertensive patients, various arrhythmias such as paroxysmal superventricular, atrial fibrillation and complex ventricular arrhythmia occurred more frequently.


Objectives: To report the stability of IQ and achievement scores in ELBW and control children at age 8 years and adolescence and to document utilization of special educational services/grade repetition in the overall sample. Design: Longitudinal follow-up, paired analysis. Children were administered standardized psychometric measures by trained psychometricians; parents completed a validated questionnaire regarding school performance and special educational assistance. Setting: Geographically-defined region. Participants: 142/150 ELBW and 124/142 socio-demographically matched children born at term were assessed at both ages. The incidence of neurosensory impairments was 27% ELBW and 1% controls. Results: Paired analysis data age 8 yrs./teen were as follows: Table Conclusions: It appears that among ELBW children stability in IQ scores and readin measures was noted between the two ages. Both cohorts did significantly less well in math in the teen years. ELBW children continue to have a significantly higher prevalence of school problems during adolescence. THe role of gender and behavioural problems in the prevalence of specific LD needs to be determined. Table


This copper alloy contains 1.5 mass% to 2.7 mass% Fe, 0.008 mass% to 0.15 mass% P, and 0.01 mass% to 0.5 mass% Zn, with the remainder being Cu and unavoidable impurities. The content of C contained as an unavoidable impurity is less than 3 mass/mass ppm.


This paper examines the effect of external debt and economic growth of Nepal over the period of 1978-2020.The external debt of Nepal has been significantly increasing during the study period. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of external debt  on economic growth of Nepal by ARDL model. Descriptive and analytical research design has been used by using secondary data. The finding of the study concluded Balance of payment has  positively significantly impact on the growth in GDP respectively at 5% level of significance. Total external debt and Total reserves haspositive insignificant effect economic growth respectively. The findings of this study revealed that increase in balance of payment increases the growth of the economy of Nepal. The optimal use of external debt should be for national growth in order to expand the size of the market, improve the skill and productivity of workers, decrease geographic fragmentation, and boost the profitability of private investment to increase the GDP of the country.