An enzyme having the samel-cysteine desulfurization activity previously described for the NifS protein was purified from a strain ofAzotobacter vinelandii deleted for the nifSgene. This protein was designated IscS to indicate its proposed role in iron-sulfur cluster assembly. Like NifS, IscS is a pyridoxal-phosphate containing homodimer. Information gained from microsequencing of oligopeptides obtained by tryptic digestion of purified IscS was used to design a strategy for isolation and DNA sequence analysis of a 7,886-base pair A. vinelandii genomic segment that includes the iscS gene. The iscS gene is contained within a gene cluster that includes homologs to nifU and another gene contained within the major nif cluster ofA. vinelandii previously designated orf6. These genes have been designated iscU and iscA,respectively. Information available from complete genome sequences ofEscherichia coli and Hemophilus influenzaereveals that they also encode iscSUA gene clusters. A wide conservation of iscSUA genes in nature and evidence that NifU and NifS participate in the mobilization of iron and sulfur for nitrogenase-specific iron-sulfur cluster formation suggest that the products of the iscSUA genes could play a general role in the formation or repair of iron-sulfur clusters. The proposal that IscS is involved in mobilization of sulfur for iron-sulfur cluster formation in A. vinelandii is supported by the presence of acysE-like homolog in another gene cluster located immediately upstream from the one containing the iscSUAgenes. O-Acetylserine synthase is the product of thecysE gene, and it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cysteine biosynthesis. A similar cysE-like gene is also located within the nif gene cluster of A. vinelandii. The likely role of such cysE-like gene products is to increase the cysteine pool needed for iron-sulfur cluster formation. Another feature of the iscSUA gene cluster region from A. vinelandii is that E. coli genes previously designated as hscB,hscA, and fdx are located immediately downstream from, and are probably co-transcribed with, theiscSUA genes. The hscB, hscA, andfdx genes are also located adjacent to theiscSUA genes in both E. coli and H. influenzae. The E. coli hscA and hscBgene products have previously been shown to bear primary sequence identity when respectively compared with the dnaK anddnaJ gene products and have been proposed to be members of a heat-shock-cognate molecular chaperone system of unknown function. The close proximity and apparent co-expression of iscSUAand hscBA in A. vinelandii indicate that the proposed chaperone function of the hscBA gene products could be related to the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. Attempts to place non-polar insertion mutations within eitherA. vinelandii iscS or hscA revealed that such mutations could not be stably maintained in the absence of the corresponding wild-type allele. These results reveal a very strong selective pressure against the maintenance of A. vinelandii iscS or hscA knock-out mutations and suggest that such mutations are either lethal or highly deleterious. In contrast toiscS or hscA, a strain having a polar insertion mutation within the cysE-like gene was readily isolated and could be stably maintained. These results show that thecysE-like gene located upstream from iscS is not essential for cell growth and that the cysE-like gene and the iscSUA-hscBA-fdx genes are contained within separate transcription units.


Long-standing questions in multivariate statistics, information theory and machine learning reduce to estimating multivariate densities. However, this is still an unresolved problem and one of the biggest challenge in general, and for Earth system data analysis in particular, due to the high dimensionality (spatial, temporal and/or spectral) of the data streams. Gaussianization is a class of generative models (normalizing flows) that is effective in computing density estimates by using  a sequence of composite invertible transformations which transform data from its original domain to a multivariate Gaussian distribution. The methodology in turn allows us to estimate information theory measures (ITMs), which are relevant for the analysis and characterization of Earth system data superseding the mean, variance and correlation, as higher order measures, thereby capturing more complexity and providing more insight into various problems. We show that our Rotation-Based Iterative Gaussianization (RBIG) method allows us to compute ITMs from multivariate (spatio-spectral-temporal) Earth data efficiently in both computation and memory terms, directly from the Gaussianizing transformation, while being robust to data dimensionality . We demonstrate how Gaussianization is useful in various Earth observation data analysis problems, from hyperspectral image analysis to drought detection in data cubes.


Background: Poliomyelitis is the acute viral infections of children under the age of five years. Pakistan is among the three countries, along with Nigeria and Afghanistan that are endemic to polio. In 2012, government of Pakistan approved a National Emergency Action Plan (NEAP) for polio eradication. Parents are reluctant towards immunization due to some religious beliefs. In current study we are accessing the attitude and behavior of general population towards polio vaccination. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted during 2017 in 4 district of Punjab (Faisalabad, Sheikhpura, Kasur and Lahore) Pakistan. The pretested, piloted and validated instrument with a 20 items structured questionnaire was used for this research. The response rate was 84% during the course of Study. Results: In study population 79% of the respondents were well aware of the term Polio. The positive response towards polio immunization was analyzed for only 62% of the parents. 70.46% of the parents strongly agreed with the medical therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of the disease whereas 29.54% of the respondents were found to believe that polio might be caused due to the evil effects Conclusion: Study concluded that the general public is well informed about polio vaccination and giving vaccine to their children on regular basis.


Tourism which has been diversified and connected with many other industries is recognized as a focal industry in both developed and developing economies due to its growing contribution towards economic development. Over the time, a well-established interconnectedness is observed between sports and tourism due to their several common attributes. The main objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine the relationships between travel motivation, past travel experience and revisit intention of foreign active sports tourists with special reference to Nuwara Eliya tourist area which is a highly attractive destination among foreign tourists. Data was collected from 100 active sports foreign tourists, who engaged in popular sporting activities in Nuwara Eliya by using purposive sampling. Based on empirical studies, variables are operationalized and a Likert scale questionnaire was adopted as the survey instrument. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 version. The hypothesized relationships were tested with Spearmen correlation after checking for outliers, internal consistency and normality. While revisit intention was revealing a moderate positive relationship with past travel experience, there was a poor positive relationship with travel motivation. Accordingly, Nuwara Eliya public and private institutions should initiate more strategies to enhance the availability of natural resources based adventure sporting activities and seasonal sporting tournaments to attract more sports tourists.


I'm grateful to many legislators who've traveled from overseas to join us this evening and to the many US congressman who braved the Washington ice storm to come here tonight; and special thanks to the Climate Group who worked with key business leaders, particularly Sir Richard Branson whose announcement this week of the Earth Challenge Prize to encourage creative thinking and drive innovation is particularly welcome.


ABSTRACT Overshooting tops (OTs) play a crucial role in carrying tropospheric water vapor to the lower stratosphere. They are closely related to climate change as well as local severe weather conditions, such as lightning, hail, and air turbulence, which implies the importance of their detection and monitoring. While many studies have proposed threshold-based detection models using the spatial characteristics of OTs, they have shown varied performance depending on the seasonality and study areas. In this study, we propose a pre-trained feature-aggregated convolutional neural network approach for OT detection and monitoring. The proposed approach was evaluated using multi-channel data from Geo-Kompsat-2A Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK2A AMI) over East Asia. The fusion of a visible channel and multi-infrared channels enabled the proposed model to consider both physical and spatial characteristics of OTs. Six schemes were evaluated according to two types of data pre-processing methods and three types of deep learning model architectures. The best-performed scheme yielded a probability of detection (POD) of 92.1%, a false alarm ratio (FAR) of 21.5%, and a critical success index (CSI) of 0.7. The results were significantly improved when compared to those of the existing CNN-based OT detection model (POD increase by 4.8% and FAR decrease by 29.4%).


The objective of the study was to investigate the optimization of the appearance of high temperature stoneware glaze to which lateritic soil has been added. The lateritic soil was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lateritic soil was ground for 4 hours and used as an additive in a Seger formula. The experiment started with the seger formula containing basic groups of 0.2 mole feldspar (KNaO·Al2O3·6SiO2), 0.4 mole calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and 0.4 mole magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), a media group of 0.22–0.25 mole aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 0.025–0.10 mole lateritic soil (Fe2O3) and an acid group of 2.0–4.0 mole silicon dioxide (SiO2) in an optimum ratio and then glazed by driping. The specimen was fired at 1200°C in an oxidation atmosphere. The specimens obtained were tested using color, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that an component ratio of 41% feldspar, 15% calcium carbonate, 13% magnesium carbonate, 6% lateritic soil, 14% Lampang kaolinite and 11% quartz yielded optimum properties for high-temperature stoneware glaze.


367 Giant cell tumors are rare neoplasms representing 4%–6% of primary bone tumors.1,2 These benign lytic lesions can be aggressive with high rates of local invasion and recurrence. They most commonly occur at the end of long bones and knees, and yet approximately 2% of these tumors arise in the vertebral column above the sacrum. There are only 14 reported cases involving the cervical spine in children.2,3,8,9,12,13,15,18,20,21 Treatment of GCTs in the cervical spine remains challenging. Management options include resection with possible postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy.11,15,16 The location of GCTs in the cervical spine presents surgeons with the additional dilemma of subtotal resection and recurrence versus aggressive resection with possible neurological deficits or spinal instability in young patients.15 We present the case of a 15-year-old boy with a GCT arising from the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebrae. This tumor recurred, although biopsy had confirmed GTR. Ultimately, an aggressive surgical approach with GTR following radiation and chemotherapy was curative, and the patient has been neurologically intact and stable for more than 10 years. This case shows that GCT, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic cervical spine lesions in children. These tumors can be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Surgical removal, despite its inherent risks and challenges, is critical in the care of children with GCTs of the spine.


We estimate the total concentration [ClX] versus altitude of Cl‐containing molecules, principally HCl, Cl and ClO. The predicted present stratospheric concentrations appear to be due to photolysis near 30 km of man‐made CF2Cl2 and CFCl3, and CCl4 from a ground‐level source, man‐made or natural. Based on preliminary measurements of CH3Cl at ground we estimate its contribution to stratospheric ClX through the major known loss mechanism for CH3Cl, abstraction by OH. Ground‐level sources of HCl and Cl2 are large but tropospheric processes preclude significant impact on the stratosphere. Our computed profiles are consistent with first HCl concentrations measured by Lazrus et al. [1974, 1975] in the 15–27 km region. Copyright 1975 by the American Geophysical Union.


At the stage of great games nowadays,because of the totle number of medals and fierce competition,track and field sports always play an important role.Every state in the world also rank track and field sports as the significant matter of sports strategy.Hence,researching and analysing China's track and field sports at present to understand the world,improving China's track and filed level,and establishing rightful valid strategic countermeasures have the energetic reference value.


Composition (0.078 ≤ x ≤ 0.085), frequency (1 KHz – 1 MHz) and temperature (30 – 600 oC) dependence of dielectric constant, loss tangent and dielectric conductivity of [Ta2O5]1-x-[TiO2]x pellets, prepared by solid state reaction method, has been presented. The x-ray diffraction patterns and dielectric constant measurements show the occurrence of highphase. Among the prepared compositions, dielectric constant was observed maximum for the composition with x = 0.080, at all the measured frequencies and temperatures (except near transition temperature). Dielectric properties were observed dominantly driven by composition rather than the frequency or temperature, in the present system. Dielectric constant was observed slowly increasing with temperature showing strong transition peaks at 495, 505, 510 and 520 oC for the compositions with x = 0.078, 0.080, 0.082 and 0.085, respectively. Dielectric loss and conductivity also show anomalous increase near the transition temperature, for all the prepared compositions. Near the transition temperature, anomalous dielectric behavior may be associated with the softening of the active phonon mode.


This paper presents the experimental and numerical study of hydrophobic interaction forces at nanometer scale in the scope of engineering micron-sized building blocks for self-assembly in liquid. The hydrophobic force distance relation of carbon, Teflon and dodeca-thiols immersed in degassed and deionized water has been measured by atomic force microscopy. Carbon and dodeca-thiols showed comparable attractive and binding forces in the rage of pN/nm2. Teflon showed the weakest binding and no attractive force. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to correlate the molecular arrangement of water molecules and the hydrophobic interactions measured by atomic force microscopy. The simulations showed a depletion zone of 2A followed by a layered region of 8A in the axis perpendicular to the hydrophobic surface.


The hen were feed the diet supplied flaxseed which enrich polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs). The effect of flaxseed on the hens′serum total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) as compared with a basal diet group were studied. 20 hen were divided into four groups(amount of supplied flaxseed were zero, low, middle and high level). The experiment time is four month. The contents of TC and TG in serum of the hens were determined. Results show that significant decrease in serum TC were found in the flaxseed groups(low, middle and high level) as compared with a basal diet group(P0.05). Significant decrease in serum TG were found in the flaxseed groups(high level) as compared with a basal diet group(P0.05). Therefore, the flaxseed which enrich polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) can be used to prevent and lower blood lipid, and deserves further study and development.


There Is an ongoing interest in the conical emission resulting from the passage of a laser light tuned in the vicinity of a resonant atomic transition(1–2). We also have observed such emission in high density sodium vapor in the range of 1015 cm−3, when an intense laser radiation is blue detuned with respect to any of the D lines. This conical emission shell has half angle of a few degrees around the laser axis, is red detuned from the respective D line, is spectrally broad (3A) and is obtained in laser intensity and detunings and sodium vapor density ranges where self-focusing occurs. No symmetric blue shifted component was observed. Harter and Boyd(1) have obtained symmetrical Rabi side-band emission in the forward direction at sodium vapor density of 1014 cm−3.


The present invention according to which the high aspect ratio deep hole machining (Deep hole drilling) of, while suppressing the bowing of the processed material to be etched, eliminating the lack of openings in high aspect ratio portion. In the present invention, to this end, by a plasma etching apparatus using a mask formed by patterning on the etched material in the etched material is a plasma etching method for etching process the etched material, a carbon gas fluoroalkyl C


Line distance protection technology has evolved from sound operating principles using phase comparators used in electromechanical relays to the present day relays using microprocessor technology. Initial microprocessor relays used full cycle Discrete Fourier Transformation to extract the fundamental phasors from sampled analog data and apply them in comparator equations to determine impedance reach. This technique is still being used in most the modern microprocessor relays today. In order to address the effects of dc offset and CCVT transients a compromise is however required between operating speed, reach and security. Also, their performance is relatively independent of Source Impedance Ratio (SIR) once the transients have subsided, usually in two to three cycles. A totally different approach was introduced in 1997 using a time domain algorithm that mimics the operation of the electromechanical phase comparator. This algorithm proved to be one of the fastest and most secure for protection of medium and long lines typical for distance protection applications. The only compromise with this algorithm is the higher operating time for very short lines with high Source Impedance Ratios. This paper discusses the relative performances of each of the above approaches individually and about the advantages of combining the two algorithms to run in parallel.


I want to assure the American people that we're doing everything we can each day to confront and ultimately defeat this horrible invisible enemy. We're at war, in a true sense, we're at war, and we're fighting an invisible enemy... A number of people have said it, but, and I feel it actually, I'm a wartime president, there's a war, there's a war, different kind of a war that we've ever had. Donald J. Trump, 45 President of the United States, 23 March 2020.


The article describes the modern data on the prevalence of ulcerative colitis, presents data on the factors of pathogenesis, main tasks, directions and scheme of nutritional support depending on the activity of the disease, nutritional deficiency and immune status of the patient.


Objective To investigate the effect of acupoint catgut embedding on intestinal transit function and colonic Cajal interstitial cells in a rat model of slow transit constipation(STC) and explore the possible mechanisms of its action and acupoint specificity in the treatment of STC with different acupoints. Method Thirty-four SD rats were randomly allocated to five groups, namely, normal(six rats), model(seven rats), Tianshu(seven rats), Shangjuxu(seven rats) and Dachangshu(seven rats) groups. Of them after successful modeling, Tianshu, Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups of rats were treated by catgut embedding at points Tianshu(ST25), Shangjuxu(ST37) and Dachangshu(BL25) respectively. The time to discharge the first fecal pellet in six hours was determined using a gavage of activated carbon and stool weight was measured in the rats. Carbon propulsion percentage(%) was calculated using an activated carbon propulsion test. Colonic expression of Cajal interstitial cells was examined by immunohistochemistry in the rats. Result The time to discharge the first fecal pellet in six hours was longer in the model, Dachangshu(P0.01) and Shangjuxu(P0.05) groups than in the normal group; there was no statistically significant difference between the Tianshu and normal groups(P0.05); it was shorter in the Tianshu, Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups than in the model group(P0.01) and longer in the Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups than in the Tianshu group(P0.01). Stool weight in six hours was lower in the model group than in the normal group(P0.01) and higher in the Tianshu, Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups than in the model group(P0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the Shangjuxu or Dachangshu group and the Tianshu group(P0.05). Carbon propulsion percentage(%) was lower in the model, Dachangshu(P0.01) and Shangjuxu(P0.05) groups than in the normal group and higher in the Tianshu, Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups than in the model group(P0.01) and lower in Dachangshu group than in the Tianshu group(P0.05). The number of Cajal interstitial cell expression-positive cells was smaller in the model group than in the normal group(P0.01), larger in the Tianshu, Shangjuxu(P0.01) and Dachangshu(P0.05) groups than in the model group(P0.01), smaller in the Shangjuxu and Dachangshu groups than in the Tianshu group(P0.01) and larger in the Dachangshu group than in the Shangjuxu group(P0.05). Conclusion The decreased distribution and abnormal function of Cajal interstitial cells may be one of the mechanisms by which STC occurs. Acupoint catgut embedding can treat STC by improving the expression of colonic Cajal interstitial cells. Acupoint specificity exists in the treatment of STC with different acupoints. Especially, clinical selection and application of Tianshu are of real significance to STC treatment.


From the results of bio-test of albino rat, it is considered that biopotency of vitamin A in fish liver oil is not different from all-trans vitamin A. But only when isomarization of vitamin A in sample is serious, its growth effect is less than all-trans vitamin A.To examine these results on chick, various administrations of vitamin A in fish liver oil was conducted and the following results were obtained.1) Growth effect of vitamin A in fish liver oil was not different comparing to all-trans vitamin A.2) When administering amounts of NRC requirement or a half, fish liver resources was rather superior to synthetic resources.3) Feed efficiency ratio and PER of vitamin A in fish liver oil group were superior in most cases.4) Superior growth effect was not recognized significantly at administration of dose over the NRC.5) Superiority of vitamin A in fish liver oil was considered due to containing "fish liver oil factor"


The aim of the research is to interpret the archetypal allegories of narrative types in which the folktale heroes or heroines either from the beginning to the denouncement of the narration, or only for a shorter period, appear in a state that is not in accordance with their real image. The A. therefore concentrates on the connection between the social and ideological structures and the allegorical messages of the heroe's (heroine's) unusual form of appearance.


Objective: To analyze the predictive value of first trimester HbA1c test in early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus. And, to study the association of high-risk factors with raised HbA1c levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Method: The study was a hospital based observational prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of tertiary care hospital, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India over a 10 months period from October 2022 to August 2023.The study population comprised of 150 pregnant women with singleton gestation of less than 12 weeks. HbA1c test and 75gm OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) / DIPSI test (Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group of India) were done in all the women in their fi rst trimester excluding patients with HbA1c≥6.5% or DIPSI ≥140 mg/dL. Further, a second trimester (24-28 weeks) and third trimester OGTT (32-34 weeks) were done to detect GDM using WHO 2013 criteria. Result: Using the cutoff value of 5.3% HbA1c was able to detect 16 (69.6%) out of 23 cases of GDM. The area under the ROC curve was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.91; p <0.01). Patients with an HbA1c >5.3% had a 3.05-fold risk of developing GDM. For the optimal cut-off of the ROC analysis the sensitivity was 69.6% (95% CI-47.1%-86.8%), the specificity was 77.2% (95% CI – 68.9%-84.1%), the positive predictive value was 35.6% (95% CI-26.6% -45.6%) and the negative predictive value was 93.3% (88.2%-96.3%). Overall diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c value >5.3% was 76.0% (95% CI-88.2%-96.2%). Conclusion: The present study results suggested that HbA1c can be an appropriate biomarker for GDM prediction, probably not in isolation, but rather as a part of a multi-marker algorithm for high-and low-risk populations.


Contributions by Thomas Wilks 'investigate the fundamental changes in thinking brought about by World War II and subsequent political and social developments, in particular over the two decades that followed it', with reference to 'selected works by three major German dramatists (Borchert, Brecht and Weiss) who document landmark stages in German society, and in German theatre' (source: University of London International Programmes website, http://www.londoninternational.ac.uk/sites/default/files/regulatons/regs_html/regs_1213/german_psr12-13/psr_2012-2013_german_32.htm


Stream processing applications continuously process large amounts of online streaming data in real-time or near real-time. They have strict latency constraints, but they are also vulnerable to failures. Failure recoveries may slow down the entire processing pipeline and break latency constraints. Upstream backup is one of the most widely applied fault-tolerant schemes for stream processing systems. It introduces complex backup dependencies to tasks, and increases the difficulty of controlling recovery latencies. Moreover, when dependent tasks are located on the same processor, they fail at the same time in processor-level failures, bringing extra recovery latencies that increase the impacts of failures. This paper presents a correlated failure effect model to describe the recovery latency of a stream topology in processor-level failures for an allocation plan. We introduce a Recovery-latency-aware Task Allocation Problem (RTAP) that seeks task allocation plans for stream topologies that will achieve guaranteed recovery latencies. We present a heuristic algorithm with a computational complexity of O(nlog^2n) to solve the problem. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of our approach.


Free fatty acids in serum were determined by gas chromatography after esterification with boron tri-fluoride-methanol. Following prepurification of the serum lipid fractions by thin layer chromatography, the described analytical procedure selectively determines the medium and long chain free fatty acids. Accuracy and precision were tested. The method is suitable for the analysis of fatty acid kinetics in blood, following lipid infusions.


Objective: To explore the antibiotic function of algae found in the Taihu Lake Area .Methods: First separating algae one byone into thoroughbred, then putting them into AquaNo.104, and AquaNo.105,filamentous chloro culturemedium,or cyanoculture demium after being washedby sterilized waterfor several times, and finally conducting theexperiments on anti-infection andbacteriastasis activity. Results: Bacteriostasis activity that algae has turns to be more active with the proloning of the time. Conclusions:Sixkindsofcyano-algaeandfourkindsofchloro-algaeareproved tobebacteriostasis-activeto Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonas aenuginosa, Staphylococcusaureus and Bacillas subtilis tovaryingdegrees.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the establishment of antibiotics database in operating room on the rationality of antibiotic prophylaxis in peri-operation and incisional infection rate.METHODS The data of the prophylaxis application of antibiotic in 3794 patients during the perioperative period were investigated prospectively.To assess and contrast the rationality of antibiotic prophylaxis in peri-operation of the data.RESULTS The accuracy rate of antibiotic prophylaxis in peri-operation increased obviously after the establishing the antimicrobial storehouse in operating room and the infection rate of surgical incision also has a downtrend at the same time,decreasing form 1.79% to 0.27%.CONCLUSION It is an effective model which is confirmed to be good for enhancing the correctness on antibiotic prophylaxis in peri-operation to establish the antimicrobial storehouse in operating room and the model is worthy to be promoted widely.


This paper presents a model of international asset pricing in the presence of shadow costs of incomplete information. The model shows that the exchange rate risk is priced in an international setting. The home bias equity is explained by the shadow costs of incomplete information. These costs are defined in the spirit of Merton (1987) model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. The model supports the empirical findings in Kang and Stulz (1997) and Dahlquist and Robertsson (2000).


We present aircraft measurements of the radiative transfer properties of thin cirrus cloud sampled off the east coast of Scotland on November 9, 1995. Downwelling radiances were measured from below the cirrus at 0.87, 1.61, 3.7, 8.55, and 11.0 μm, thereby covering a large range of size parameter and ice refractive index and enabling information on cirrus optical thickness, effective crystal size, and scattering phase function to be deduced. The sensitivity of these quantities to the ice crystal shape assumed in the calculations is examined, and the results are compared with in situ data. We find that a randomized polycrystal shape produces effective sizes that are consistent with the in situ data across all wavelengths considered and performs better in this respect than the other crystal shapes analyzed. However, the optical thicknesses retrieved from the 0.87 μm radiances for this shape are considerably less than those derived from the 11.0 μm data, implying that the phase function at solar wavelengths is in error for this shape over a significant portion of the full scattering angle range. An empirical phase function derived from laboratory measurements produces optical thicknesses which are more consistent with the 11.0 μm and in situ data and matches the angular distribution of scattered radiance more accurately than that calculated using any of the model crystal shapes. The anomalous diffraction approximation is found to produce good agreement with the measurements at 8.55 and 11.0 μm for the crystal sizes relevant to the present case study.


This article aims to broaden the knowledge about the participation of men who belonged to the elites of the interior, possessed expert knowledge and from that position occupied positions in the administrative body of the State. In this direction, the general objective of the article is to revisit a 19 th century biographical trajectory, that of Mariano Fragueiro (1795-1872), born in Córdoba, a prosperous merchant and banker who became involved in politics and assumed management positions at critical moments of state formation during the first half of the 19 th century. The relevance of the work consists in proposing a category of analysis -ideologues of the Statewithout ignoring the validity of another more commonly used (intellectuals) and considering for its treatment the trajectory and the context as its dimensions of analysis. The documentary corpus also includes unpublished sources, official letters written by Fragueiro, his writings Organización del Crédito (1850) and Cuestiones Argentinas (1852) and journalistic notes published in Paraná and Buenos Aires about his government management and political profile.


During a manufacturing process of automotive clutch an explosive substance – xenon is produced. Concentration of this substance must be monitored. Implementation of controls is performed by a safety-critical functions control system.Among main role during the process of risk assessment analysis belong determination of danger and dangerous events associated with the devices. Proactive planning errors and the use of appropriate standards can greatly reduce formation disorders thereby reducing the probability of dangerous consequences. The standard safety subsystems architectures and computation methods for determining the failure intensity is listed in the standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. These standards contain information tables with the results of these computations for selected parameter values.We propose a complete failure probability model for the safety functions of the control system. This model is designed to compute the intensity of the critical failure for the standard channel architectures.These architectures were designed with respect to the standard IEC 61508 and were implemented in Matlab.


Virtual histology (VH), based on a power spectral analysis of radio‐frequency signal from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with neural network, can detect an unstable plaque from all the regions of coronary atherosclerosis. However, it provides limited information on plaque vulnerability because the resolution is larger than 100 m and thrombus is not classified precisely. The objective of the present study is to measure the acoustic properties of flow‐limiting thrombus responsible for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the microscopic level. A newly developed acoustic microscope with 100‐MHz pulsed ultrasound was equipped to measure two‐dimensional distribution of attenuation and sound speed. The tissues were obtained from coronary arteries of 26 patients with ACS by intracoronary aspiration catheter. They were sectioned at 5‐mm thickness and mounted onto glass slides without cover slips or staining and used acoustic microscopy study. The values of attenuation and sound speed of the red thrombus were signifi...


We present multi-wavelength observations of the young stellar object RAFGL7009S. The analysis combines sin- gle dish (IRAM 30m), interferometric (Plateau de Bure Interfer- ometer), as well as infrared (UKIRT and ISO) observations. We use those data to globally describe the source (Spectral Energy Distribution, density) and its environment. We also derive the position of the central object (associated with the HII region) to 1 00 precision using the interferometer observations. We have observed HDO and CH3OD in single dish measurements and derive the D/H ratio for water and methanol in the gas phase. Laboratory experiments allow us to derive upper limits to the enrichment of the same species in the solid phase. It is argued that CH3OH seems to be a good tracer for grain deuterium en- richment in the environment of RAFGL7009S. Observations of HCN and HNC isomers indicate that along the line of sight, two velocity independent temperature regions coexist.


Let G be a group of order 4p4 with Dihedral image D 4p2,by investigating the intersection numbers,it is concluded that there is no Menon difference set in G if p≥ 5(where p is a prime).


In this work, we provide an extensive analysis of Hohfeld's theory of normative relations, focusing in particular on diagrammatic structures. Our contribution is threefold. First, we specify an extensional formal language to represent the main notions in the two families of normative relations identified by Hohfeld (i.e. the deontic and the potestative family). Our primary focus is on the part of the theory concerning potestative relations. In this regard, we assign a key role to the concept of ability, which is treated as a primitive notion and used to formulate three fine-grained definitions of power (outcome-centered, change-centered and force-centered). Second, on the basis of these definitions we build Aristotelian diagrams of opposition for deontic and potestative relations, improving, extending and systematizing previous proposals formulated in the literature. Third, we present a model-theoretic interpretation and a logic programming (ASP) implementation of the proposed framework, elaborating on the procedural dimension of normative reasoning.


In an effort to strengthen bank liquidity-risk management practices, the Basel Committee proposed new liquidity requirements for banks in 2010 under the Basel III framework. However, despite the good intentions of the liquidity requirements the new regulations are likely to present some challenges for banks in the course of managing their liquidity. However, before any inference can be made about the possible implications of the liquidity standards on bank liquidity management practices, it is imperative to have insight into the current liquidity management strategies of banks. This paper seeks to determine the current liquidity management practices of banks in South Africa by examining whether South African banks have target liquidity levels which they pursue and also by determining the variables that drive bank liquidity ratios. The study sample comprised six commercial banks operating in South Africa over the period 1993 to 2009. For analysis, a partial adjustment model was developed and estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. The rate at which South African banks adjust their balance sheets was estimated at 8%. This adjustment speed implies that South African banks adjust their balance sheets slowly – probably due to high adjustment costs. Thus, South African listed banks have passively managed their liquidity and partially adjust their liquidity levels in an attempt to reach the optimal level. Furthermore, the following variables were considered to be the main drivers of liquidity ratios in South Africa: bank size, capital adequacy, loan loss reserves, and financial crisis.


The trend in wireless communication is to provide high-speed services utilizing MIMO antenna systems. Moreover, cognitive radio (CR) technology targets to exploit the so-called TV white space (TVWS) utilizing tunable antennas operating over vacant TV bands. The joint requirements for cognition and spatial multiplexing expressed by sufficient antenna matching and decoupling bandwidth, frequency agility over the TVWS as well as minimum occupying space and complexity impose significant challenges to antenna engineers. The paper discusses the major design considerations for compact TVWS terminals and presents a promising approach that empowers the TVWS device with CR-MIMO capabilities under modern smartphone size constraints. The idea is to aggregate a pair of antennas per communication port for a) providing attractive bandwidth properties across the desired TV bands and b) isolating the communication ports within a local interference cancellation setup.


Vanillin in an alkaline reaction mixture is a very sensitive reagent for acetone and diacetic acid. A qualitative and a quantitative method have been developed for the acetone bodies in blood and in urine by means of a vanillin-alkali reagent. Acetone and diacetic acid are distilled off and caught in a sodium bisulfite solution, which is allowed to react with vanillin in alkaline medium to form a color complex, which is measured spectrophotometrically.

Vanillin has many advantages over the salicylaldehyde method of Behre. These have been enumerated in the text.


The East African Rift Valley Lakes Bogoria and Nakuru sometimes host around 75% of the world population of lesser flamingos Phoeniconaias minor. In this area, mysterious flamingo die-offs have occupied researchers for four decades. Recently, cyanobacterial toxins came into the fore as a possible explanation for mass mortalities because the main food source of lesser flamingos is the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis. We took weekly samples from July 2008 to November 2009 from Lakes Nakuru and Bogoria and analyzed them by high performance liquid chromatography for microcystins. Monthly, samples were cross-checked using protein phosphatase inhibition assays with lower detection limits and additionally screened for polar toxins. During our study period, three flamingo die-offs occurred at L. Bogoria and we were able to analyze tissues of 20 carcasses collected at the shoreline. No cyanotoxins were detected either in plankton samples or in flamingo tissues. Accordingly, other reasons such as food composition or bird diseases played a key role in the observed flamingo die-offs.


This article reviews a few topics relevant to Galactic cosmic-ray astrophysics, focusing on the recent AMS-02 data release and Fermi Large Area Telescope data on the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emissivity. Calculations are made of the diffuse cosmic-ray induced p+p --> pi^0 --> 2 gamma spectra, normalized to the AMS-02 cosmic-ray proton spectrum at ~ 10 - 100 GV, with and without a hardening in the cosmic-ray proton spectrum at rigidities R >~ 300 GV. A single power-law momentum "shock" spectrum for the local interstellar medium cosmic-ray proton spectrum cannot be ruled out from the gamma-ray emissivity data alone without considering the additional contribution of electron bremsstrahlung. Metallicity corrections are discussed, and a maximal range of nuclear enhancement factors from 1.52 to 1.92 is estimated.Origins of the 300 GV cosmic-ray proton and alpha-particle hardening are discussed.


In this contribution a novel method is discussed that is of practical use for analyzing the electromagnetic compatibility behavior of electronic systems. The aim is to develop an efficient technique that mimics radiated immunity and emission tests in the presence of multiple non-collocated noise sources in simulation. The proposed method is simple in that it only relies on the simulated (or measured) radiation pattern of the devices in the system while allowing arbitrary positions. Rotation of the devices is performed by a spherical harmonics decomposition of the radiation patterns together with the application of Wigner-D rotation matrices. The adopted assumption is that the devices are spaced sufficiently far from each other such that there is no coupling via the reactive near-field. The proposed procedure shows good agreement with measurements and full-wave simulations while at the same time it has a low computational cost.


The results of Chree analysis of cosmic ray nucleonic intensity from a number of stations with epochs at the crossing of IMF sector boundary are presented together with those of IMF and solar wind parameters. Agreement in time variations among stations is excellent. There are Forbush type decreases just after the boundary whose time profile is similar to those found at the time of ssc. The variation spectrum of the former is, however, harder than that of the latter. The variations depending on the polarity change are divided into two components : an asymmetric and a symmetric variation about the boundary, of which some characteristics are investigated.


ABSTRACT Poetic depiction of problems and complex thoughts is an innovative approach that facilitates introspective thinking and the building of self-identity. This study aimed at providing nursing students with in-depth knowledge about mental health through free poetic production. A qualitative, descriptive research approach, of sociopoetic inspiration involving 96 undergraduate nursing students, was conducted. All ethical recommendations were considered. Four categories emerged: "Hybrid emotions, feelings and sensations"; "Associations"; "Doubts and questions"; and "Reflections". Students' poetic writings were analysed and the results highlighted the students' perception of the dynamics between brain and heart symbolizing reason and emotion. Poetic writing enhances creativity and fosters introspection, acting as an important facilitator of the complexity of mental health-related issues and contributing to improve therapeutic communication skills. Importantly, the search and development of new pedagogical approaches can help to deal with the emotional stressors linked to the novelty of mental health education.


Developing Web-based consumer health information workshops can be a great way to promote the value of library services and encourage the use of high-quality health information by consumers. This article begins with a practical discussion of the desirability of developing Web-based consumer health information training by libraries. In order to develop effective and usable Web-based training, using good instructional design principles is paramount. Ongoing evaluation and maintenance of Web-based training is also important. The article describes in detail the application of good instructional design in developing Web-based training for health care consumers, creating usable Web-based training, and the ongoing evaluation and maintenance of Web-based training. The article concludes with an overview of basic usability and accessibility principles for Web-based instructional materials. Developing consumer health information workshops can be a great way to promote the value of library services. Health care consumers will learn to view the library providing access to high-quality consumer health information instruction as the source of considerable assistance in gathering the information they need to make good health decisions. Such instruction furthers the mission of libraries to encourage the use of high-quality health information by consumers. Identifying and evaluating health information is a complex process. Libraries can make that process more transparent for the health care consumers they serve. Web-based instruction involves the offering of instruction in the form


We study the chain of Cadmium isotopes from N = 50−82 magic numbers with modern beyond mean-field methods with the Gogny D1S interaction. In a previous publication [1] we showed that experimental excitation energies and reduced transition probabilities of the first 2+ states are qualitatively well described in the whole chain assuming axial symmetry. Moreover, the anomalous behavior of the 2+ energies close to N = 82 is well reproduced without assuming any shell quenching. Here we justify the axial approximation by analyzing the potential energy surfaces in the triaxial plane and summarize the main results obtained in [1].


Abstract : This report is phase two of a study concerned with environmental and cultural impacts of the proposed channelization of the Trinity River. It consists of a survey of the remainder of Trinity River from Fort Worth to the headwaters of Wallisville Lake below Liberty, Texas. The following subjects are contained in this report: archaeological and historical aspects, inventory survey of geological elements, eutrophication and pesticide elements, biological elements, inventory and checklist of fishes of the Lower Trinity River drainage system, summer birds and mammals inhabiting the Trinity River, and forest hydrology and conceptual land use capabilities. (Author)


Automatic genre classification is a simple and effective solution to describe semantic properties of multimedia data. In this paper, a method to classify the genre of TV programmes is presented. In our approach, four multimodal vectors, including both low-level perceptual descriptors and higher-level, human-centred features are employed. These vectors serve as the input for a parallel neural network system that performs classification of seven video genres. The experiment results confirm the effectiveness of our method, reaching a classification accuracy rate of 96%. In addition, the results show the correlation between the analysed genres and the classes of the extracted descriptors, demonstrating their effectiveness in explaining what we call "the multimodal essence" of the genres.


The gas chromatographic (GC) and Fourier transform infrared and mass spectroscopic (FT-IR and MS, respectively) properties of (Z)-2-chloro-3-(dichloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic acid (MX) (a highly mutagenic byproduct of drinking water chlorination) and several related compounds were studied. Specifically, MX, the methyl ester of MX (MX-OMe), and three MX-model compounds--mucochloric acid (MCA), mucobromic acid (MBA), and 2,4-(3H,5H)-furandione (2,4 FD)--were analyzed on the GC/FT-IR and GC/MS systems. A concentration study of MX on the GC/FT-IR system revealed a minimum identifiable quantity of approximately 10 ng, with linear response over the range of 10 to 600 ng. MX was stable to approximately 260 C. The thermal decomposition product produced above that temperature was tentatively identified by GC/MS as 2-(dichloromethyl)-3-chloro-2-propenal. The GC/FT-IR detector response for 600 ng of MX was compared to that of 600 ng of MX that had been methylated. The ratio of the detector response indicated that the methylation efficiency was, at best, 40%. Additionally, several extracts of chlorinations of dissolved organic material were analyzed. No MX was detected. The approximate extraction efficiencies of MX and MCA were determined for several organic solvents, of which ethyl acetate was the most efficient for both compounds.


After an introduction into safety terms a fuzzy controller for safety related process control will be presented. One can show that the size of necessary rules is relatively small. Thus, there exists a real chance for verification and validation of software due to the fact that the whole software can be structured into standard fuzzy software (like fuzzyfication, inference algorithms, and defuzzyfication), real-time operating system software, and the contents of the rule base. Furthermore, there is an excellent advantage due to real-time behavior, because program execution time is much more planable than for conventional PID-controller software. Additionally, up to now special know-how does exist to prove stability of fuzzy controller. Hardware design has been done due to fundamental principles of safety technique like watch dog function, dynamization principle, and quiescent current principle.


A method of forming a metal layer in an integrated circuit, comprising the steps of: Forming a metal-rich metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040) in a depression (522; 622; 922; 1022), said metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040) at a lower end the recess (522; 622; 922; 1022) having a first concentration of nitrogen, which is less than a second concentration of nitrogen in the metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040) in the vicinity of an opening of the recess (522; 622; 922; 1022); and Forming a metal layer (1050) on the metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040), including in the recess (522; 622; 922; 1022) wherein forming a metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040) forming the metal nitride layer (540; 640; 940; 1040) having a tapered thickness that a first thickness (t


For decades, different economic theories have been trying to find an answer to determining the total costs of road transport and the best way to internalise these costs, with the most widespread answer among experts being pricing concerning marginal cost. This article presents a classification of transport costs with their corresponding mathematical functions to finally obtain the marginal cost of both public and private transport to develop an optimal pricing system. Finally, a system of equations for determining the optimal price based on the short term and under the economic premise of maximising social welfare is presented.


NURSES frequently ask about income tax deductions for the expenses of attending meetings such as the recent convention of the International Council of Nurses, which was held in Rome, Italy, in 1957 and, of course, the conventions of the American Nurses' Association as well as those of the various state nurses associations. In 1953 the American Nurses' Association obtained a ruling, which is reproduced below, from the Bureau of Internal Revenue, now the Internal Revenue Service. Although Congress enacted a new Internal Revenue Code in


In our country,cataract is one of the most important reasons of blindness. Diabetic cataract(DC) is a chronic complication of diabete, which has the second blindness rate, and the first is diabetic retinopathy. Though DC can be treated by cataract surgery, reseachers are still devoting themselves to finding out its pathogenesis in order to treat or prevent this dissease by drugs.Recently, researchers discover the relation between cataract and the transformation of some compositions in lens, and there are some special variations in DC. Polyol pathway is related with DC, some scholars think polyol accumulation induces cataract; Oxidative Stress plays an important role in process of DC,and hyperglycemia damages antioxidase activities in lens; lens has the most protein in humanbody, and denaturation of crystallins makes formation of cataract. Some crystallins are also functional proteins, changes of which make lens muddy. This article reviews the research progress of some crystallins and enzyme of DC.


Pump-and-treat (P&T) remediation is a commonly used technology for the cleanup of contaminated groundwater. The long remediation time, high capital and operational costs are the most important problems associated with these systems. One of the determinants that affect the remediation design and its outcome is the spatial heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. In this study, the effect of correlation scale (length) (λ) of the heterogeneous K-field on P&T remediation design and costs was investigated. For this purpose, several synthetic K-fields of similar means and variances (σ) but different λs were generated using a random field generator. Simulation-optimization approach was used in order to conduct the study. For this purpose, BIO2D-KE linked with a genetic algorithm library was used. Runs were conducted in order to determine the best pumping policies and costs for the heterogeneous fields. According to the initial results, λ of the spatial variation in K impacted P&T remediation design and costs. The number of wells, pumping rates, and costs of remediation varied for different λs. This outcome was more pronounced for higher σ of the spatially variable K-field.


Palimar is a sleepy hamlet tucked deep in the hinterland of west-coastal India. A single mud track leads to this place; a once-a-day bus, and an occasional radio, provide the only connection with the outside world. This is where I found myself, at a whim, in 1971 when I was forced by circumstance to


THE INFLUENCE OF PULPING PROCESS ON THE REACIVITY OF PULP BY EMULSION XANTHATION METHOD By Motonobu Ichino, Hideju Imai, Osakazu Nakao and Nobuhiko Migita (Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan) In order to investigate the relation between the conditions of pulping process and the reac tivity of pulp (M-W & S-W by Bartunek), five groups of samples (twenty three kinds of Sam ples) were prepared by controlling cooking time, bleaching time, hydrolysis time and alkali treatment conditions. M-W and S-W were determined on the samples thus obtained and on the eleven commercial pulps. From the results some discussion were made on the influences of viscosity of unbleached pulp, degradation of cellulose by bleaching and acid hydrolysis, and a-cellulose contained in pulp on the reactivity of pulp (M-W, S-W) are discussed. The values of M-W and S-W of pulp depend not only on the viscosity and the a-cellulose content in pulp, but also on the morphological and the fine structure of pulp. (Received 17. 12. 1956)


In this article, we systemize the results on the study of plane-parallel motion equations of fixed rigid body-pendulum which is placed in certain nonconserva- tive force field. In parallel, we consider the problem of a plane-parallel motion of a free rigid body which is also placed in a similar force field. Thus, the non-conservative tracking force operates onto this body. That force forces the value of certain point of a body to be constant for all the time of a motion, which means the existence of nonintegrable servoconstraint in the system. The obtained results are systematized and served in the invariant form. We also show the nontrivial topological and mechanical analogies.


Abstract : This thesis describes the planning and production of a sound-slide presentation, a public relations handbook and a public relations workshop for Denver Catholic Community Services (DCCS). The three phases of the project were designed to meet the current major public relations needs of DCCS, the social service agency of the Catholic Archdiocese of Denver. The general objective of the slide show was to provide a consistent and accessible source of information concerning DCCS programs and departments. Development of the slide show evolved around this objective. The PR handbook was designed to be a readily available source book of PR practices, in addition to providing specific PR guidelines for DCCS. The workshop (for DCCS staff members) provided practical experience in producing PR materials, including news releases and public service announcements.


A 53GBaud PAM4 operation of EML TOSA was demonstrated in the laser temperature range from 20°C to 70°C. For electrical input of 770 mVpp, TDECQ, extinction ratio and output power satisfied the 100G-LR4 specification.


Belichtereinheit for recording grayscale exposures with different Bittiefendimensionen with - a drawing on element (20a); - means (26a) for storing image data signals of a predetermined multi-bit per pixel Bittiefendimension; - an exposure clock counter (30) for counting exposure clock pulses and generating a count signal in response to the exposure clock pulses, the count signal representing a count value; - a comparator (28) for comparing a multibit per-pixel image data signal with the count signal of the counter, and generating an output signal; - dependent from the output signal of the comparator means (32, 23) for controlling the recording element in order to control the exposure duration; marked by - means (119, 30, 112) representing the predetermined for receiving a Bittiefendimension signal; and - means (30, 112, 123, FF7, FF8), which depend on the predetermined Bittiefendimension representative signal for setting the counting operation in the counter corresponding to the multi-bit per pixel Bittiefendimension.


The controversial requirement that the employees of a public agency financially support a union as a condition of keeping their jobs is examined, looking at its historic and legal roots, and at its practical consequences for public management. The author draws from the California experience, where agency shop legislation has been in effect for several years, and examines relevant decisions of various courts and boards. The relationship between agency shop and a union's legal obligation to represent both union members and non-members is explored as the legal and ethical basis for agency shop legislation. General exceptions to the payment of agency shop fees, including the often misunderstood religious exemption, are reviewed, as are the uses to which a union may put any such money which it collects.


We prove that the one-dimensional Euler�Poisson system driven by the Poisson forcing together with the usual $\gamma$-law pressure, $\gamma \geq 1$, admits global solutions for a large class of initial data. Thus, the Poisson forcing regularizes the generic finite-time breakdown in the 2x2 p-system. Global regularity is shown to depend on whether or not the initial configuration of the Riemann invariants and density crosses an intrinsic critical threshold.


It is a focus of educational teaching reform on how to improve the level of experimental teaching in vocational college and foster many applied talents.Therefore,according to the personal experience of teachers in experimental teaching and careful study,this paper summarizes teaching method,that is,interest-orientated teaching method.On the basis of it,it puts forward the specific measures on how to conduct interest-orientated teaching method in experimental teaching,and the teaching practice proves the effect is good.


A place of healing: working with suffering in living and dying Michael Kearney Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press; 2000 224 pp $78.50 ISBN 0-19-263238-8

In his latest book, A Place of Healing , palliative care specialist Michael Kearney makes an excellent case for an alternative approach


Abstract This study investigates the changes in January diurnal temperature range (DTR) in China during 1961–2000. The observed DTR changes during 1981–2000 relative to 1961–80 are first analyzed based on the daily temperature data at 546 weather stations. These observed DTR changes are classified into six cases depending on the changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and then the occurrence frequency and magnitude of DTR change in each case are presented. Three transient simulations are then performed to understand the impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosol direct forcing on DTR change: one without anthropogenic radiative forcing, one with anthropogenic GHGs, and another one with the combined forcing of GHGs and five species of anthropogenic aerosols. The predicted daily DTR changes during the years 1981–2000 are also classified into six cases and are compared with the observations. Results show that the previously proposed reason for DTR reduction, a stronger nocturnal warming than a daytime warming, explains only 19.8% of the observed DTR reduction days. DTR reductions are found to generally occur in northeastern China, coinciding with significant regional warming. The simulation with GHG forcing alone reproduces this type of DTR reduction with an occurrence frequency of 32.9%, which is larger than the observed value. Aerosol direct forcing reduces DTR mainly by daytime cooling. Consideration of aerosol cooling improves the simulation of occurrence frequencies of different types of DTR changes as compared to the simulation with GHGs alone, but it cannot improve the prediction of the magnitude of DTR changes.


Binder's syndrome is an uncommon entity characterized by midfacial hypoplasia. The individuals with this syndrome are easily recognizable by a maxillary hypoplasia and flat vertical nose. The current work presents a case of this rare syndrome and describes its general features. Keyswords :Binder's syndrome, midfacial hypoplasia, congenital malformation, Orthodontic treatment Received 26 June , 2019; Accepted 11July, 2019 © the Author(S) 2019. PublishedWith Open Access At www.Questjournals.Org


I VERY much doubt whether the controversy between Mr. Burrows and myself can be of very engrossing interest to the world in general. Still I should wish, if the editor of the Classical Review will allow me, to correct one or two errors which Mr. Burrows has made in his lengthy and somewhat polemical criticism of my paper, and also to repudiate the meanings which he has been kind enough to attribute to certain statements of mine. In the first place I suspected when I read Mr. Burrows' original contribution to the Hellenic Journal that he was inclined to give to topography in relation to Ancient History an emphasis far greater than that which I should be disposed to allot to it. That it may contribute largely to our knowledge of the subject I, of course, believe ; otherwise I should not give time and trouble to i t : but I am also persuaded that the conclusions to be drawn from it cannot be by any means so detailed as .some of those which Mr. Burrows has drawn from the evidence he obtained at Pylos, and are subject to far stricter limitations than those which he would assign to them. Mr. Burrows would like to separate the topographical from the historical evidence, and is apparently quite angry with me for not adopting this excellent but wholly impracticable plan. For instance, with reference to my estimate of the former breadth of the entrance from the bay inbo the lagoon he says ' (Mr. Grundy) has placed the western end of the sandbar where he places it, for no other reason than because such a state of things fits in with his preconceived theory as to the Spartan defence of the harbour, and is not incompatible with the geological probabilities.'


The fine characterization of channel sand body is a complex system engineering. The longitudinal superposition relationship of channel is complex, the sandstone thickness is thin, and the lateral changes of lithology and physical properties are obvious. It is necessary to carry out the research on the integration of processing and interpretation and seismic geology. The key technologies of seismic high-resolution pre stack and post stack inversion of medium and shallow channel sand bodies with "improved HHT point spectrum whitening" and "weak sidelobe wavelet structure" as the core and "azimuth well control inversion modeling" and "Cauchy regularization high-resolution inversion" as the core have been formed through experimental research.


Thermal analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional two-layer device structures have been carried out using the boundary element method (BEM). The resulting thermal profiles for two different device structures agree very well with those obtained using analytical solutions. This agreement indicates not only the accuracy of the BEM but also the correct derivation of the analytical solutions. >


The ruggedness of mineral acid and lactic casein precipitate particles were determined in terms of the fractal dimension by an image analysis technique. The images of casein particles were analysed by Richardson's plot method. The results indicated that the fractal dimension varied from 1.00 to 1.20 for mineral acid casein precipitate particles, and from 1.03 to 1.12 for lactic casein precipitate particles.


Structure development in silica filled polyisoprene composites was investigated by wide line pulsed NMR and high-resolution solid-state NMR combined with transmission electron microscopy. The rubber phase in the composites was composed of so-called bound rubber and free rubber. Furthermore, the bound rubber was composed of multiple phases having different mobilities. The amount ofbound rubber and its mobility depended on the sort of silica used. NMR results revealed that chemical bonding was negligible between silanol groups and rubber molecules. The principal formation mechanism of bound rubber was physical adsorption of rubber molecules onto the silica surface. In addition, the amount of bound rubber was greatly affected by the state of aggregation of silica particles which was a function of particle size and amount of silanol groups on the particles. When the composites were annealed, the amount of bound rubber increased with increasing annealing temperature. 13 C-DD/MAS-NMR spectra of the bound rubber revealed that the chemical structure of polyisoprene molecules changed with the heat treatment. The results suggest that the increase of bound rubber with heat treatments was primarily due to the development of chemical crosslinks in both bound and free rubber phases.


It is generally accepted that the form in which the antigen is administered may greatly determine both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the immune response induced; in other words, by varying the form of the antigen it is possible to vary not only the strength of the response, but also its type. The form of the antigen may be varied through its own physico-chemical structure or through the carrier to which the antigen is attached; in either case the antigenic determinants remain supposedly without any specific change. Histocompatibility (H-) antigens are firmly bound to the cell membranes (Herberman & Stetson, 1965; Haughton, 1966; Ozer & Wallach, 1967; Albert & Davies, 1973; Molnar et al., 1973) and their purification in a stabile soluble form is difficult. The possibility, that the 'purified' preparations of H-antigens obtainable thus far are contaminated with other molecules or that the macromolecules carrying the antigenic sites have at the same time some other active site(s) affecting the immunogenicity of the antigen, cannot be ruled out. The purification procedures might even produce minor alterations of the primary structure whose consequences for the tertiary structure could affect some of the original antigenic sites or give rise to new specificities. For these reasons, the term 'form' of antigens as used in the present review is to be understood in the broadest sense including the particulate and cell-bound forms, the immunogenicity of which may also be affected by molecules other than those carrying the antigenic determinants. Detailed studies of the form of H-antigens are greatly hindered by the high insolubility of the latter and by the lack of complete knowledge of their chemical structure. Consequently, H-antigens are not often being chosen for analytical studies of the specific roles of various types of immunocompetent cells in the immune response in spite of the advantage offered by the relatively large size of the subpopulation of antigen-sensitive cells (Simonsen, 1967). On the other hand, the understanding of the way in which the immune response is affected by the form of H-antigen might be of a great practical significance for the outcome of host versus graft reaction to be manipulated. The survival of a tissue allograft might be prolonged eventually indefinitively by administering the specific H-antigen in a form counteracting the


Purpose – This study tries to explore through multiple case studies how expatriate performance management is conducted in multinational enterprises (MNEs) of different national origins.Design/methodology/approach – Multiple interviews were conducted with expatriate employees and human resource managers of five MNE subsidiaries operating in the information technology industry, namely, Applied Material (American), Philips (Dutch), Hitachi (Japanese), Samsung (Korean), and Winbond (Taiwan).Findings – The findings show that all of the firms surveyed use standardized performance forms set by headquarters, which are not tailored to local operating environments. Also, lack of on‐the‐job training for expatriates was found to be prevalent among the five MNE subsidiaries. Divergent practices in goal setting, performance appraisal, and performance‐related pay were largely attributed to the parent company's culture. The nature of the expatriate mission was another reason for different arrangements in expatriate perfo...


T HIS Note presents a real-time flight trajectory optimization method. The flight trajectory that minimizes the fuel consumption or flight time of an aircraft can be solved with optimization. Because the optimization is time-consuming, the optimal flight trajectory needs to be obtained before flight. This, however, cannot cope with unexpected situations in flight. Thus, the real-time optimization, which optimizes the flight trajectory with the transition of the flight state, is important. The final goal of our study is to establish the real-time trajectory generation applicable to emergency landing approaches. Though the present flight management system provides the optimal flight path for a flight plan in normal operations, it cannot operate in emergency situations. This Note presents a fundamental real-time trajectory optimization algorithm and its flight validation. Many studies about real-time flight-path generation have produced a flight path by connecting the trim conditions in prestored databases [1,2]. In these studies, computer-assisted simulations were performed, but there were few actual flight experiments. Additionally, it is difficult to generate nonstational trajectories and the wind effects were not considered. In Japan, the Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies has promoted research on the development of a fault-tolerant flight control system. In a proceeding study, Suzuki et al. proposed a flight trajectory search method composed of a realtime A* algorithm and a random tabu search method [3]. They also conducted flight experiments. This random-based method, however, lacks convergent stability, so it often does not produce the appropriate trajectory. We have taken over this study, and in this Note we apply a direct collocation method including some schemes to solve the preceding problems. Actual flight experiments are also conducted to prove the effectiveness of the method. The experimental aircraft is MuPAL, the Multi-Purpose Aviation Laboratory, developed by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) [4]. It has a high-precision Global Positioning System/inertial navigation system and a three-axis airspeed sensor. The system allows the estimation of the wind velocity and direction during flight. MuPALalso has a tunnel-in-the-sky display, which was developed by JAXA [5]. The experiments were conducted under manual tracking control using the display. In the future, the trajectory generated by the real-time optimization method will be tracked by an automaticflight control systembeing developed in the research on the fault-tolerant flight control system.


Summary In this paper, we have addressed the complex problem of determining a recovery line for cluster federation and proposed an efficient checkpointing / recovery mechanism for it. The main objective of the proposed approach is to advance the recovery line in a cluster federation such that we can put a limit on the amount of rollback by the processes in all the clusters in case of failure(s) in the cluster federation; thereby in the worst case only limited domino effect is allowed in our work. In this approach, processes in different clusters are able to perform their responsibility independently and simultaneously. This inherent parallelism of the algorithm contributes to its speed of execution. We have shown that the proposed approach is superior to the existing works, because neither it suffers from any message storm, nor it takes any unnecessary checkpoints.


The present invention discloses a method for detecting the state of aging of transformer oil based on nuclear magnetic resonance parameter, the aging state parameter comprises an oil-like viscosity, density oil sample, the oil sample furfural content, the resistivity of the sample oils and the like, which is a gas containing the dissolved transformer oil after nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection samples obtained, the viscosity of oil samples measured by, where T1, T2 represent an oil-like longitudinal / transverse relaxation time; Tl inversion recovery method was measured, T2 CPMG method is measured; other parameters like density oil using 2D heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy analysis exploded J- content in the oil sample measured CHn functional group, and then model the relationship between the obtained functional group content and an oil sample density parameter estimates; CHn of n = 0,1,2,3. The method of the present invention has a small amount of sample, the sampling process is straightforward, fast analysis speed, high precision analysis and so on.


Using club-level data on domestic-league and international points from 73 countries, this paper achieves a policy evaluation of country-specific regulations regarding soccer success. The results show that restrictions on foreign direct investment reduce the international competitiveness of clubs, whereas restrictions on international migration policies have no significant impact on it. Domestic inequality across clubs increases with restrictions on a minimum number of home-grown players, while it goes down with restrictions on foreign direct investment or restrictions on a maximum number of foreign players. The results are robust to the consideration of other domestic regulations, market value of clubs or number of matches played.


An experimental device was developed to measure the thermal conductivity of electrically conducting liquid based on the 3ω method.In this device,a line heater(Au)was patterned on the surface of a substrate(Pyrex glass),then a dielectric film(silicon nitride)was deposited to prevent the electrical leakage from the heater to the surrounding liquid.For the designed geometry,an analytic expression of the temperature oscillation of the heater was derived,and the effect of the dielectric film on the thermal-conductivity measurement was investigated.In the case that the thermal penetration depth was much larger than the heater width,the real part of the oscillating temperature was linearly proportional to the logarithm of frequency,and the sum of the thermal conductivities of liquid and substrate were obtained by the corresponding slope.When the dielectric film was thermally thin,its effect on the thermal-conductivity measurement could be neglected.The effective thermal conductivities of the aqueous suspensions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different concentrations were measured,which showed good agreement with the value predicted from the Hamilton-Crosser model.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT The disilyl(4-bromo)aniline (Me3Si)2NC6H4Br (A) readily undergoes metal-halogen exchange to give the reactive organolithium derivative (Me3Si)2NC6H4Li (B). Subsequent reactions with various chlorophosphines, R(R′)PCl, or chloro(disilylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2NP(R)Cl, were used to prepare three varieties of the title compounds: (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(R′)R (1: R = R′ = NMe2; 2: R = R′ = OCH2CF3; 3: R = Ph, R′ = OCH2CF3; 4: R = R′ = Ph; 5: R = Ph, R′ = Me), (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(R)N(SiMe3)2 [6: R = Me; 7: R = i-Pr; 8: R = n-Bu, 9: R = OCH2CF3; 10: R = C6H4N(SiMe3)2; 11: R = Ph], and (Me3Si)2NC6H4P(Ph)R [12: R = n-Bu; 13: R = C6H4N(SiMe3)2]. The new compounds 1–13 were generally obtained as colorless, distillable liquids that were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy and elemental analysis.


Our paper investigated the contribution of pedagogical practices on pupils' academic performance in primary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. We employed a qualitative approach and conducted the study in three public and three private primary schools, with a total of 60 respondents. Primary data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations. We used content analysis to analyze the data and develop themes and sub-themes. The results show that public and private school teachers differ in their approach to pedagogical practices, resulting in variations in academic performance. We conclude that effective pedagogical practices can significantly impact pupils' academic performance and suggest that teachers receive proper training and support to implement these practices. Therefore, our study emphasizes the importance of effective pedagogical practices in achieving good  academic performance and underscores the need for teacher training and support to facilitate these practices.


In this country, no sufficient experience on the design and construction of large cooling towers is available. This fact has induced the Ministry of Building and Urban Development to sponsor research in this subject in connection with the project of the Bicske thermal pow-er station. An item of utmost importance is the safety of these structures. In this respect, our major research results concerning


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: device for transportation of strip material, like tread, contains main conveyer belt. At that, device contains auxiliary conveyer belts located from both sides of main conveyer belt. Each of them contains loading conveyer belt and discharge conveyer belt. Between loading conveyer belt and discharge conveyer belt there is slotted orifice. Auxiliary conveyer belts are located so as to form slots on both sides of main conveyer belt. Above or below slot there is recording device, preferably image-recording device, such as camera or line scan camera. EFFECT: strip is supported over all its length and more exact record of strip width and position on device may be made, positioning of tread on tyre assembly drum is enhanced. 14 cl, 18 dwg


Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a biological phenomenon whereby transient ischemic episodes orchestrate subsequent cellular tolerance to ischemic and oxidative stress. In light of their putative 'cytoprotective properties', we evaluated the expression pattern of sirtuins in response to IPC in rat heart: SirT2 mRNA was significantly down‐regulated by IPC. To evaluate the functional significance of this observation, we investigate the role of SirT2 in hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury. Rat cardiac derived H9c2 cells exposed to 17‐h hypoxia and 2‐h reoxygenation 48‐h post‐transfection with SirT2 siRNA exhibited increased cell survival. Conversely SirT2 overexpression decreased cell survival. Affymetrix gene‐chip analysis identified the adaptor protein 14‐3‐3‐zeta as one of four candidate cytoprotective genes up‐regulated in response to SirT2 RNAi. Steady‐state protein levels confirm 14‐3‐3‐zeta induction following SirT2 depletion. SirT2‐depleted H9c2 also exhibited increased association of 14‐3‐3‐zeta with the pro‐apoptotic protein Bad. The current study indicates SirT2 RNAi bestows resistance to hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury in H9c2 via a mechanism involving 14‐3‐3‐zeta interacting with Bad.


The chemical composition of distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from two varieties of soft white wheat, a blend of hard red wheats, and corn was determined. On the average, the con- centration of protein increased 2.4-3.1 times, crude fiber 2.6-3.8 times, and lipid 1.4-2.4 times. The carbohydrate decreased by 3(X 50% in DDGS compared to the corresponding starting grain. The ash in DDGS was 3.8-7.8 times that of the original grain. Many of the differences (p < 0.05) in the concentration of lipid, protein, and crude fiber among the starting grains were also present in the DDGS prod- ucts. The whole grains were ground through an alpine pin mill, with 100% passing through a U.S. standard No. 16 sieve. The guidelines for enzyme addition provided by the supplier were followed (Anon., 1980). The enzymes Takatherm L-340 and Diazyme L-200 were used (Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, IN) for liquefaction and saccharifica- tion. An atmospheric batch liquefaction was conducted. A yeast in- oculum of approximately 5 million cells/ml (DADY, Universal Foods, Milwaukee, WI) was added. Fermentation was conducted at 27-30°C. After completion of fermentation, the ethanol was removed by evap- oration or distillation and the whole stillage was concentrated to ap- proximately 20% solids and drum-dried. Calculated ethanol yields were 0.37 L/Kg grain for the hard red wheat blend and Hill 81, 0.35 L/kg grain for corn and 0.30 L/kg grain for Tyee. This corresponded to 89%, 84%, and 63%, respectively, of the practical attainable yield of 0.60 L/kg starch for the different grain products. The grains and the finished DDGS products were analyzed for the following components according to AOAC (1984) methods: moisture, 14.004; ash, 14.006; crude lipid, 14.018; crude fiber, 7.071; and nitrogen, 14.026. The conversion factor of 6.25 was used to determine the protein for corn; 5.70 was used for wheat. Carbohydrate was calculated by difference. Representative samples from each batch were anlayzed at least three times. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test, one-way analysis of vari- ance and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (Steel and Torrie, 1960).


The comprehension of mental health, possessing of healthy mind, rationalization of psychological diathesis, analyzing the psychological condition of college students', and adopting the relevant measures lays a great importance to the grow-up of all-round talents.


When considering the nature of culture contact and colonialism it is as important to study the continuities in the host society, as it is to study the impositions made by incoming peoples. The diverse relationships between colonised and colonising societies are likely to be played out in aspects of material culture. This study examines Ntsweng and Phalatswe, two Tswana settlements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the period of transition to British colonial authority. Architectural styles and settlement layout are examined in historical perspective and they demonstrate marked continuities well into the twentieth century. These continuities have to be understood not only in terms of the associations between Africans and Europeans, but also in terms of the nature of power in Tswana communities and, in particular, the relations between chiefs and their people. Chiefly power is also an essential factor in understanding the place of religion and the adoption of Christianity. As a consequence, rather than passively receiving introduced ideas and material culture, it appears that these societies coming under British authority were interpreting and incorporating such elements in ways relevant to their own society.


Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite materials were prepared by the RQC technique.The effect of annealing temperature and time on magnetic property for Nd7.5Fe86B6.5 nanocomposite materials prepared by the RQC technique was studied.The result shows that the best annealing condition of alloy ribbons prepared by rapid quenching at 25m/s is at 700℃ for 10min,while the best annealing condition of alloy ribbons prepared by rapid quenching at 30m/s is at 700℃ for 15min.When the annealing temperature remains invariable,the annealing time should be relatively longer for the larger volume fraction of amorphous phase in order to achieve ideal nano grains.Annealing should be well controlled to eliminate completely the amorphous phase in the magnet and to make the average grain size as small as possible.


One of the biggest obstacles in the achievement of the objectives of the businesses related to their activities is Fraud. In this context, the frauds that businesses suffer most and which are difficult to reveal are frauds. Fighting fraud is of great importance for businesses. In order to determine effective fighting methods, it is necessary to start with cheating perception evaluations. In the research, the data were collected with the questionnaire method to evaluate the perception of cheating among the students who studied accounting, and the findings were interpreted with analyzes. According to the results of the research, students' perception of cheating is low. In addition, as a result of the statistical analysis, the perception of cheating of students who have good relationships with their families, who are single brothers and believers is lower.


In the conditions of a high drought of climate of the Nikolaev area and fluctuations of temperature on years the important direction of increase of productivity of arable land is cultivation of drought-resistant cultures and improvement of the technological receptions directed on creation of highly productive agrocenoses. Sorghum is a crop that can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts: to consume one kg of dry matter, it consumes almost 1.5 times less water than corn and 2 times less than cereals. Its value is also due to the versatility of use, the ability to give stable yields, the possibility of growing on unproductive soils. This article evaluates the energy efficiency of growing sugar and grain sorghum in the context of climate change. Keywords: energy equivalent, energy efficiency coefficient, energy costs, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, biofuel, energy efficiency.


Mapudungun is a non-genealogically classified Andean language that is spoken with different degrees of vitality in the center and south of Chile and Argentina. In the plane of the simple clause, it is a head-marking language with an integrated inverse alignment system governed by a saliency hierarchy based on the inherent topicality associated with the status of each participant in the speech act participant ranking and in the discursive topicality related to the opposition third person proximate/obviative (Golluscio 2010). Regarding complex syntax, dependent constructions are characterized by the use of nominalizers, with the personal reference indexed in the possessive adjective that precedes the nominalized verbal form. This research, framed in the projects FONDECYT 11180078 and FONDECYT 1180071, aims to explore the relevance of referential hierarchies in the Linking Algorithm within the framework of interclausal relations in Mapudungun, following the RRG approaches presented in Van Valin (2005). For thus, we describe the cosubordinate clausal construction used in this language for the expression of relations of cognition, exemplified in (1), since it presents a mismatch between semantics and syntax that highlights the phenomenon to be studied:


distinction, 1979, St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio Texas. ** Associate, Ruppert & Schaefer, P.C. A.S. 2000, Indiana University; B.S., with distinction, 2002, Indiana University; J.D., Family Law Concentration, Valparaiso University School of Law, Valparaiso, Indiana. The authors also wish to acknowledge Jake McKinney for his assistance in compiling the appellate decisions used in this Survey. 1. Ten articles of Title 31 of the Indiana Code are specifically titled family law. IND. CODE §§ 31-11 to -20 (2004). These articles cover marriage, domestic relations courts, the parent-child relationship, establishment of paternity, dissolution of marriage and legal separation, support of children and other dependents, custody and visitation rights, the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, adoption and human reproduction. Title 31 also contains an article of general provisions as well as an article consisting of 149 sections of definitions pertaining to both family and juvenile law. An additional eleven articles of Title 31 are specifically referred to as "juvenile law." See IND. CODE § 31-9-2-72 (2004) ("'Juvenile law' refers to [Indiana Code section] 31-30 to 31-40."). Also, every legal proceeding in Indiana between parents involving child support or visitation with their children is governed by the Indiana Supreme Court's Child Support Rules and Guidelines and Parenting Time Guidelines. Throughout an additional fifteen other titles of the Indiana Code are provisions governing criminal offenses against children and the family, children's protection services, marriage and family therapists, and trust and fiduciaries. Federal legislation involving taxation, bankruptcy and retirement benefits can be a consideration in virtually any property settlement. Other federal legislation impacts Native American adoptions, parental kidnapping and state enforcement of child support obligations. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: INDIANA FAMILY LAW


Zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2) loaded on activated carbon (AC) is the most commonly used catalyst for the industrial synthesis of vinyl acetate (VAc) using the acetylene method. The aim of this study is to optimize the Zn(OAc)2/AC catalyst by adding co-catalysts to improve its activity and stability. Ternary catalysts were synthesized by adding Co and Ni to the Zn(OAc)2/AC catalyst (Zn-Co-Ni/AC). Due to the strong synergistic effect among promoter Co, Ni, and the active component of Zn(OAc)2, the resulting catalyst is capable to absorb more acetic acid and less acetylene. The stability and activity of Zn-Co-Ni/AC catalyst have been improved through electron transfer to alter the electron cloud density around the Zn element. Under the same reaction conditions, the activity of Zn-Co-Ni/AC catalyst was enhanced by 83% compared to that of Zn(OAc)2/AC, and the activity was still as high as 30.1% after 120 h of testing.


Biological cells possess biochemical modules and physical shapes to maintain appropriate biological function. Different types of force and deformation are applied on cells to investigate the response and mechanical properties. In the biophysics field, studies use indentation deformation on cell membranes to examine the elastic-viscoelastic properties of biological cells. Experiments in different predefined profiles and frequencies are required to test the fidelity and predictive capability of cells creep function. The accuracy and the repeatability of the given stimulus are the significant factor in the experiments to obtain reliable measurements, which are very difficult to realize using manual operations. Automatic micromanipulation systems have substantial advantages over the conventional manual operations in aspects of reliability, accuracy and repeatability. In this paper, an automatic micromanipulation system is introduced and a series of experiments are conducted to stress zebrafish embryo in different sinusoidal profiles. The experimental results show that the system is able to stress the biological cell in desired stimulation and give consistent force outputs in realtime, meanwhile mechanical properties of the zebrafish embryo are also analyzed.


The division, phenotypes, production of the Th1 type cytokines and tissue distribution of the antigen-specific nave CD4+ T cells were to be investigated in the present study, in which the antigen-specific CD4+T cells were isolated from OVA-TCR transgenic mouse(TCR-Tg), labeled with CFSE and adoptively transferred into normal BALB/c mice. After immunization with OVA, the mononuclear cells were prepared from spleens, lymph nodes and lungs, and the division, phenotypes, production of the Th1-type cytokines and tissue distribution were determined by FACS. It was demonstrated that the antigen-specific nave CD4+ T cells were primarily located in lymph nodes and spleens without any antigenic stimulation, whereas, after in vivo stimulation with antigen, the cells divided 1~5 times, and were located mainly in spleens and lungs. With the increasing in times of cell divisions the expressions of CD25 and CD62L molecules were enhanced or reduced respectively. IL-12 could enhance cell divisions, expression of CD25, differentiation of the Th1 cells and the expression of IFN-γ. It is evident that the antigen specific nave and effector CD4+ T cells express different cell surface molecules and produce different cytokines.


An experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Student instructional Farm, A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). To study the effect of paddy straw management practices on productivity and profitability of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and thirteen treatments. The result revealed that, among the different paddy straw management practices, treatments consisting T 11 -NPK + Paddy straw + Extra N (30 kg ha -1 ) + nutrient mobilizing microbial consortium registered maximum grain yield (48.25 q ha -1 and 50.12 q ha -1 during 2019 and 2020, respectively), straw yield (60.55 q ha -1 and 62.10 q ha -1 during 2019 and 2020, respectively), and harvest index (45.03% and 45.06% during 2019 and 2020 respectively,), similarly the maximum net return (Rs. 81060 ha -1 ) with higher B:C ratio (1.84) was observed with this treatments.


Introduction PART ONE: GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE Structural Change in Output and the Labour Force Economic Growth and Social Development PART TWO: MACROECONOMIC ISSUES AND POLICIES An Overview of Macroeconomic Issues and Policies Green Revolution, Income Distribution, and Rural Poverty Financial Development and Economic Growth Land Prices and Private Saving The Stability of the Money Demand Function and Monetary Policy Money Supply Growth and Inflation Fiscal Policy and Domestic Resource Mobilisation for Growth The Political Economy of Land Taxation Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments An Evaluation of External Debt Situation The IMF-World Bank Structural Adjustment Institutions, Macroeconomic Stability, and Economic Development


Few would dissent from the view that plagiarism is an academic crime of the worst sort. Attention to the issue has been heightened recently by the growth of websites supplying 'off the peg' or customised research papers. This article argues that the definition and detection of plagiarism involves several complexities and that the resolution of the problem depends less on the development of coercive instruments to deal with the 'crime' than on the development of norms that emerge through reflective pedagogy and processes of academic socialisation.


The first clinical experience of endoscopically inserted polydioxanone biodegradable biliary stents (BDBS) in the treatment of benign biliary strictures is reported. Two patients with a benign common bile duct stricture were endoscopically treated with 8‐mm‐bore BDBS during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Both BDBS insertions were technically successful and without adverse events. At 6 months, the stricture resolution was excellent and BDBS degradation was predicted in repeated magnetic resonance imaging. The first experience with endoscopic BDBS seems promising in the treatment of benign biliary strictures. During 6 months of follow up, BDBS seemed sufficient for remodeling and resolution of strictures. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of biodegradable biliary stents in endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures.


Some patients with anemia and chronic renal failure have an impaired response to erythropoietin (EPO) that seems to be linked to aluminum toxicity. To