Dental caries is one of the most common tooth diseases in the world which affects people of all ages. In this study, we developed a model that detects and locates smooth surface carious regions in frontal teeth images using Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree in MATLAB R2018a Classification Learner. A total of 45 images with smooth surface dental caries were used which consists of 30 training images and 15 images for testing and validation. Images are pre-processed using Histogram Equalization and are segmented further into 10x10 blocks where the set of color and texture features such as Intensity, Gradient, Hue, Saturation, and Entropy were extracted. The study showed significant results with an accuracy of 84% and 78% using Decision Tree and SVM respectively which proved the effectivity of the use of image processing techniques on classification and location of dental caries.


The article is devoted to the problem of creating anti-debugging mechanisms of the program. One of the most robust methods of setting breakpoints for programs is considered which cannot be detected by currently known algorithms. As part of the study, a new approach for program development is proposed which leads to decreasing in the effectiveness of debugging based on breakpoints. It is proposed to store program functions as a set of bytes and copy their code into one shared buffer before executing them. Given that the breakpoints are bound to the address, as a result we will get a debugger stop at each function executed in the buffer, not at any specific one, that will significantly increase the debugging time.


As the only super power in the world, the United States dominates the space-based surveillance field. This paper describes the structure, function and development of the US photo reconnaissance satellite system, and points out the trend of emphasizing the application of commercial photo satellite in US force. The development of commercial software concerning it, as well as a developing program—SBR program are also introduced.


We report on the strong coupling between a single quantum-well and guided Bloch Surface Waves. This results in a guided polariton that may serve as a component for the realization of "polaritonic integrated circuits".


[Linguistic treatment of questions in Spanish for question classification in question answering systems]. We propose a procedure for the linguistic treatment of Spanish questions as a step prior to their classification in question answering systems. The main types of question answering systems and their basic architecture are described. We review the principal question classification taxonomies used to date and the different fields from which they have been derived. Finally, we present the stages of linguistic analysis that the text of questions in question answering systems should be subject to in order to facilitate the location of appropriate answers.


The U.S. is experiencing a turbulent economic transition from a highly industrialized economy to an information/services economy. Manufacturing is increasingly automated or transferred to developing countries. There has been no developed national policy in this area and programs to address the transitions that must be made by displaced workers, particularly in the industrial sector, have been available to only a small proportion of those affected. This paper briefly describes federally funded, joint labor-management and union-based programs and focuses on the role of social support and the use of peer counselors in these programs to help workers use available resources effectively and make the transition to new jobs or new careers. Based on this experience, the paper also looks at future implications for the design of work in the future and the incorporation of lifelong learning in work settings.


Combination of flame retardants and stabilizers for thermoplastic polymers agents agents containing as component A from 25 to 79.9% by weight of a phosphinic salt of the formula (I) and / or a diphosphinic salt of the formula ( II) and / or polymers ** ** see formula in which R 1, R 2 are identical or different and denote alkyl of C 1 -C 6 linear or branched and / or aryl; R3 means C1-C10 linear or branched, arylene, alkyl arylene or aryl-C6-C10; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base; m is 1 to 4; n is 1 to 4; x is 1 to 4, as component B 20 to 50% by weight of melamine polyphosphate and, as component C from 0.1 to 50% by weight of magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, tin oxide , dihydrotalcite, hydrocalumite, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, oxide hydrate, tin, manganese hydroxide, zinc borate, silicate, basic zinc, zinc stannate or mixtures of these substances, always being 100% by weight the sum of the components.


A b s t r a c t . Steady state downward flux was carried out in laboratory for 2 soil columns containing sand and aggregated loam. The bulk elekrical condictivity (EC) was measured at the bottom of the column by horizontally installed TDR probes. The bulk EC data were evaluated by continuous flow and convolution method and they were converted to relative concentrations, as were the effluent EC data. For sand, the relative concentrations obtained from the effluent were similar to those for TDR, while for aggregated loam there were significant discrepancies. The results w ere explained by the different pore distribution of the soils. K e y w o r d s : TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), BTC (Breakthrough Curve), soil column, effluent


The measurements of 14N pure quadrupole resonance spectra of symmetrical azabenzenes and their analysis in terms of the electron distribution around the nitrogen atom has been extended to the two asymmetric diazabenzenes, pyrimidine and pyridazine, and to a variety of substituted pyridines. The coupling constants of unsymmetric compounds, i.e. compounds where the two nitrogen sigma bonds are not equivalent, cannot be analysed completely but yield values of the difference between the pi population and the average sigma population, including the lone-pair. Within these limits the electron distributions are in good agreement with those expected from simple molecular orbital theory. The results for the substituted pyridines show very strikingly the expected effect of substituents and the expected differences between the same substituent either ortho or para to the nitrogen atom on the one hand or meta on the other.


AbstractWe present a novel approach to reconstructing the surface of a 3D object using a point cloud of its surface scan. The objective is to obtain an editable CAD model that is manufacturable and describes accurately the structure and topology of the point cloud. The point cloud is sliced into cross sections. Each cross section is represented as a 2D point set. Then, a collection of interpolating curves is computed that describes each cross section accurately, using computational geometry methods on the corresponding point set. The organized point set for the surface reconstruction is obtained from these curves. Freeform transformations may also be applied, allowing high level global editing of the final object.


The fourth chapter of James contains three basic concerns. One, Christians are called to repent of their pursuit of worldly pleasures (hsdonai) and are exhorted to live in submission to God (4:1-10). Two, they are encouraged to treat fellow Christians with love and respect (4:11-12). Three, they are cautioned to remember God's will in. planning their business activities (4:13-17). Most com mentators interpret these three concerns as discrete subjects,' which seems appropriate given the literary nature of James. Paraenetic literature character istically joins unrelated material with little regard to overall themes. It is possible, however, to interpret the entire chapter as a unified commentary on what submission to God means.'


Jurisdiction — Universal — Crimes against international law — War crimes — Crimes against humanity — Canadian legislation extending jurisdiction of Canadian courts to war crimes and crimes against humanity committed outside Canada during World War Two — Whether permissible in international law — Whether constituting retroactive criminal legislation — Extraterritorial — Presumption against extraterritorial effects of criminal legislation — Whether Canadian Parliament possessing authority to pass legislation having extraterritorial effects War and armed conflict — War crimes and crimes against humanity — Whether principle of individual criminal responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity already established during World War Two — Hague Convention No IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907 — Charter of the International Military Tribunal Human rights — Criminal penalty — Retroactive criminal legislation — Prohibition of retroactive criminal legislation — Canadian legislation extending jurisdiction of Canadian courts to war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during World War Two — Whether contrary to principle that criminal legislation should not be retroactive Treaties — Application — Hague Convention No IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907 — General participation clause — Application of Convention during World War Two 425Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Application in Canadian law — Hague Convention No IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907 — The law of Canada


Shutter design consists of two axially mounted spring driven rotating blades with two lenses mounted between the blades. Features include excellent repeatability and flash synchronization. Design permits packaging in small volume and is beneficial where focal distance, magnification, and exposure time are fixed.


The Labuhan Jambu village is inhabited by two major ethnic groups, Bugis and Sumbawa. Different cultures have different languages, but the difference does not make the two tribes live apart, they socialize with each other regardless of cultural background. The location is in the Labuhan Jambu Village, Sumbawa Besar, Nusa Tenggara Barat. This study aims to find out how cross-cultural communication between the Bugis and Sumbawa to cause the occurrence of fusion of culture in the elements of language. A qualitative study case method was used in this study and used interview, observation, and documentation for data collection. Based on the result of the study it can be concluded that there is a process of cultural assimilation between the Bugis and Sumbawa in the Labuhan Jambu Village. The citizens are using a mixed language between Bugis and Sumbawa. The processes of cultural fusion in the Labuhan Jambu Village are due to the existence of cooperation between the two tribes in meeting the necessities. The cooperation is mutually beneficial for both parties. Apart from social relations, there are also cultural similarities. The last is because of the tribe intermarriage. These factors encourage the fusion of the two ethnic cultures in the Labuhan Jambu Village.


We developed the parking space detection using side-view camera image. This algorithm is very simple and the influence of the noise is excluded as much as possible. It is difficult to detect the parking space line using the through image of side-view camera, because this image contains distortion of camera lens. However, we processed from this distorted image to undistorted image using the method of image synthesis technology. There is an advantage that this technique is composed of the combination of a basic image processing. From this result, in the parking support system, the convenience when the driver sets the target parking position can be improved.


The effects of ticlopidine on platelet aggregation(PAg) and plasma fibrinogen(Fg) level were investigated and compared with those of acetylsalicylic acid(ASA) in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD). A total of 120 patients with CAD were randomly assigned into 3 groups, i.e. control (n=38), ticlopidine (TCP, n=42), and ASA(n=40) groups. The patients in TCP group were given TCP(TICLID) 250 mg, once daily for 4 weeks, and the patients in ASA group given ASA 75 mg, once daily for 4 weeks. The patients in the control group had not taken antiplatelet agents 2 weeks before blood sampling. Fast venous blood samples were taken in the morning in all the patients of the 3 groups for the measurement of PAg and Fg level. Blood samples were taken at the end of 4 weeks therapy in TCP and ASA groups. PAgs induced by adenosine diphosphate(ADP), epinephrine (Epn), and collagen(Coll) were measured by turbidometric aggregometer. Student T-test was used as the statistical method. The results showed that PAgs induced by ADP, Epn and Coll were significantly decreased in patients of both TCP and ASA groups compared with those of the control group. Inhibition of Epn-induced and Coll-induced PAgs by TCP was less than that by ASA, while inhibition of ADP-induced PAg was similar in both groups. However, Fg level of the patients in TCP group was significantly lower than those of patients in both control and ASA groups. It is concluded that both ticlopidine and acetylsalicylic acid could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation and ticlopidine could also decrease the plasma fibrinogen level of patients with CAD.


Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. Part 1: The Swedish Multinationals: Description and Theory 1. Sweden: A Small Open Economy. 2. The Debate About Multinationals. 3. The Structure of Swedish Multinationals. 4. Theories of Foreign Direct Investment. 5. A Model for an Industrial Change Process. 6. Models for Evaluating the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment. Part 2: Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Swedish Industry. 7. Technological Development. 8. International Competitiveness. 9. Exports. 10. Employment. 11. Industrial Structure. 12. Policy Options and Recommendations. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.


Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) based on acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate (SA), and acrylamide (AM) were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The equilibrium swelling capacities and the rates of swelling of SAPs varied with the AM content and followed first-order kinetics. The photodegradation of SAPs in their equilibrium swollen state was carried out by monitoring their swelling capacity and the residual weight fraction. The SAPs degraded in two stages, wherein the swelling capacity increased to a maximum and then subsequently decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis of the SAPs indicated that the copolymeric superabsorbents had intermediate thermal stability between the homopolymeric superabsorbents. The activation energies of SAPs with 0, 20, and 100 mol % AM content were determined by Kissinger method and were found to be 299, 248, and 147 kJ mol-1, respectively. The ultrasonic degradation of the superabsorbents was carried out in their equilibrium swollen state, and the change in the viscosity with ultrasonication time was used to quantify the degradation. The ultrasonic degradation of AA/SA superabsorbent was also investigated at various ultrasound intensities. The degradation rate coefficients were found to increase with the intensity of ultrasound. The ultrasonic degradation of AA/SA/AM (20% AM) was also carried out, and degradation rate was found to be more than that of the AA/SA superabsorbent. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


The purpose of this study is the structural relationship among life style. health perception and healthy aging depending on elder's participation level in physical activity. In other words, the purpose of this study is reduce medical expenses of national level by analyzing necessity of physical activity and life style of elderly people. In order to provide basic information for improvement to public sports facility and private sports facility, this research came to the following conclusions by analyzing data from 352 elderly people in seoul and gyonggi ranges. Through the convenience sample collection method, I included the object person in the final analysis. As for the disposal of collected data. I have used SPSS/PC 18.0 statistics package program for Windows and AMOS 18.0. I certificated individual hypotheses after confirming the certitfication of the degree of model fitness by handling the data. The result of this study can be summarized as followings : First, elder's participation level in physical activity do not effect on life style statistically. Second, elder's participation level in physical activity do not effect on health perception statistically. Third, elder's participation level in physical activity do not effect on healthy aging statistically. Forth, life style of participation elderly in physical activity do not effect on health perception statistically. Fifth, life style of participation elderly in physical activity do not effect on healthy aging statistically. Sixth, health perception of participation elderly in physical activity do not effect on healthy aging statistically


Background: Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive inherited blood disorder due to hemoglobin-production abnormalities. It is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the world and is mainly endemic in some areas of the tropics and subtropics. Approximately 7% of the world's population is affected by haemoglobin disorders, Distributed globally; in addition to the Mediterranean countries in which they were first recognized. Objective: To identify the Socio Demographic, clinical characteristics and family history of thalassemic patients that attending hematologic clinic in Wasit Governorate. Subject and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted and performed in Thalassaemic Center in Wasit governorate, during the period from the 1st of December 2016 to the 28th of February 2017. Results: The age of patients was between (154)years. The study showed that the higher percentage were at age < 10 y. (47.2%) and the percentage was decreasing with increasing age and (78.7%) of the sample were of major type of β-thalassemia, male percentage were (50.3%). It was found that 2/3 of study sample were from urban area (64.1%), only (5.9%) were married. (63.0%) were of low socio-economic-status, the highest representation of βthalassemia patients (59.1) was observed (< 1) year of age group, more families have one child patient and (86.7%) were of +ve consanguinity. It was found that there was nonsignificant association between type of β-thalassemia in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, splenoectomy and showed hepatosplenomecaly with higher frequency (92.3% World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 10, 1-12. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author Dr. Abbas A. Alkinani Community Health Specialist. Article Received on 05 July 2017, Revised on 25 July 2017, Accepted on 15 August 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201710-8949


Quicklime application had an obvious impact on soil enzymes activity and soybean yield in the acid soil.It was showed that the activity of acid phosphate enzyme and inversion enzyme fell down or were inhibited while the activity of urea enzyme and catalase were strengthened during each growth stages.Soybean yield took on an increasing trend with adding of quicklime application amount,and yield of all treatments gained more 1.0%-9.5% than that of control.Correlation analysis among all soil enzymes and soybean showed that the activity of soil enzymes enhanced after improvement of acid soil and matching much quicklime when fertilization had good acceleration roles on enhancing soil fertility and increasing soybean yield for the strong acid soil,but the quicklime application amount must be determined according to the detailed situation in the practical production.


Since 2010 ROA has supported the coordination of the EURAMET Technical Committee for Time and Frequency (TC-TF) Project 1156, GPSCALEU, a reaction from EURAMET TC-TF to Recommendation 2 of CCTF 2009: to study the characterization of GNSS equipment in use for establishing the time links between institutes contributing with their clocks to TAI. Starting that year, it was organized a GPS calibration campaign between three contributing laboratories: ROA (Spain), PTB (Germany) and INRIM (Italy). The time transfer results were achieved by using P3, and also carrier phase PPP comparison techniques. These results were also used to re-calibrate the TWSTFT (Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TW for short) links between the involved laboratories, with an uncertainty slightly higher than GPS links.


and self-indulgent. Harriet's saintliness was therefore both a nearly divine example and a perpetual reprimand, an oblique reminder of his own weakness and egotism. A curious passage in Catharine Furze further reveals the emotional turmoil occasioned by his wife's condition. The narrator describes the loving-kindness Phoebe's family shows to her when she is dying. Suddenly he interjects: "It was not with them as with a man known to the writer of this history. His wife, whom he professed to love, was dying of consumption. 'I do not deny she suffers,' he said, 'but nobody thinks of me " (CF, 318). Nevertheless, there is no question that White loved his wife. Jack White writes that his mother's relationship to his father was "one of devotion, almost of adoration: she was absorbed in him." Not surprisingly, White remarked that "it was impossible to help loving such a tender affectionate creature.'' Yet the fact remains that he shouldered most burdens—domestic, financial, emotional, spiritual—more or less alone. The haunting question of what "might have been" is present in all White's novels. It also explains White's strange distress concerning his eldest son's impending marriage. Although he approved of his son's choice, and was to become exceptionally close to his daughter-in-law, he found that he could not bear to attend the wedding. His response included more than the natural fear of losing a muchloved son. On the eve of Willie's marriage, his father wrote: "But you must think of us. It is not all bliss to us—simply because your joy reminds us of a whole life's joy missed through her illness. What she has denied herself God only knows." White's children, then, declared emphatically that their par ents were devoted to one another. Not unnaturally, at least some readers of his novels have regarded their testimonials with sus picion, finding it odd that a man so happily married should be obsessed with imagining and examining marital incompatibility in its myriad forms. For unhappy marriage and the consequent isolation of one or both of the partners is the single strongest 139 THE LEADEN ORDER OF THINGS theme in White's fiction. In the Autobiography and Deliverance alone, Miss Arbour, Rutherford's friend M'Kay, Ellen Butts, and two of the members of the Drury Lane room—Taylor and John the waiter—are unhappily married. In The Revolution in Tanner's Lane, Zachariah Coleman in the first half of the novel, and George Allen in the second, both learn the "sad truth—the sad dest a man can know"—that they have "missed the great delight of existence" (RTL, 18). Miriam Tacchi eventually becomes reconciled to her lot, but not before the novelist explores her feelings shortly after her marriage, when contemplation of the "dreary length" of the future stretching out before her, married to a man she does not love, leads to her depression (MS, 133). Cardew, in Catharine Furze, and minor characters in Clara Hopgood may be added to the list. In the short stories, Michael Trevanion, both Mrs. Fairfax and the rector ("Mrs. Fairfax"), Esther ("Letters from My Aunt Eleanor"), and the narrators of ' 'A Dream of Two Dimensions" and "The Sweetness of a Man's Friend" all discover with Mark Rutherford that "while there is nothing which a man does which is of greater consequence than the choice of a woman with whom he is to live, there is nothing he does in which he is more liable to self-deception" (A, 74-75). Clearly White found the complexities of the marital relation a fascinating and compelling subject. But what exactly is the rela tionship between this aspect of his life and his art, and how did his marriage affect his creative and spiritual development? I shall begin by saying that I think it certain that White's dominant theme had an autobiographical foundation. The auto biographical material, however, is used in at least three different ways. My discussion of White's creative process to this point has, I hope, now made familiar the imaginative transformation that frees the novelist from inhibiting self-judgment, gives access to his deepest feelings, and allows investigation of them in a way that purely autobiographical representation would prohibit. The first way, then, in which White's biography informs his fictions 140 THE LEADEN ORDER OF THINGS is in the creation of fictional situations that provide a focus for feelings he could not bear to acknowledge directly, feelings that would appear to be unfair to his wife and unworthy of himself: resentment, anger, frustration, self-pity, loneliness. These stories portray marriage in which one partner is cold and unloving, and alienates the other by unsympathetic, rejecting behavior. The coldness of such characters provides an excuse as well as a cause for the unhappiness of the spouse: thus these fictions allow both the expression and the justification of feelings deemed unaccept able in the novelist's own life. If in the first category of fictions the novelist transforms the raw material of his life into the energies and tensions of his art, in a second category, he himself is transformed by the very act of exploring the situations he has created. This second class of fictional relationships comes closest to White's "real-life" mar riage, in that these fictions portray the relationship between an intellectually proud, self-centered man or woman and a kind, unpretentious, unintellectual spouse. White seems here to be trying to teach himself what the intellectual partner learns: to appreciate the valuable human qualities of the neglected spouse. The third category is the most nebulous, and treats matters that White probably found most difficult to acknowledge con sciously. Here the imaginative conversion includes the possibility of dreams fulfilled via second choices, idealized women and what, however muted, may be called sexual fantasy. This is fiction as a form of wish fulfillment. The Revolution in Tanner's Lane is White's finest and most thorough exploration of an unhappy marriage in which the protagonist is bound to an unsympathetic and commonplace spouse. The first half of the novel charts his growing isolation. Three months after his wedding day, Zachariah is thoroughly depressed. "It was, he feared, true he did not love her, nor she him; but why could not they have found that out before?" "Paralysed, dead in half of his soul," he "would have to exist 141 THE LEADEN ORDER OF THINGS with the other half as well as he could" (RTL, 17,18). Zachariah can blame no one but himself for his mistaken choice;' 'he could not accuse her of passing herself off upon him with false pre tences" (RTL, 17). He is deceived solely by his own innocence and ignorance. Like Dorothea with Casaubon, Zachariah quickly discovers that "the light had changed, and you cannot find the pearly dawn at noonday." Zachariah's discovery that in the soul of the "woman with whom he was to be for ever in this world'' there was "nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing which answered anything in himself with a smile of recognition" (RTL, 130) is conveyed by a series of scenes in which husband and wife reveal how far apart they are and how totally their marriage has failed. White creates a smoldering compound of resentment, hostility, and guilt through faltering dialogue, awkward silences, and the narrator's account of Zachariah's inner turmoil. In one such scene, Zachariah returns home from the theater after seeing Othello for the first time and,' 'burning with excitement at what was a discovery to him''—that while men and women may not actually murder one another, they deliberately "misconstrue and lose each other" daily—desires to be reconciled with his wife. Once home, con fronted with her brisk "Oh, here you are at last," he feels the impossibility of reaching out to her. He "was struck dumb[,] . . . shut up again in his old prison, and what was so hopeful three hours before was all vanity" (RTL, 49-51). The creation of this kind of marital relation seems to be a way of revealing the peculiar loneliness that is the result of alien ation from the person with whom one is supposed to be "one flesh." White makes a great point, in this novel and elsewhere, of stressing the irrevocable nature of the marital bond: "It came upon him with fearful distinctness that he was alone—that he could never hope for sympathyfrom his wife as long as he lived.'' White is also able to reveal the anger and helplessness Zachariah feels because he is so bound. He questions God's designs: "Could 142 THE LEADEN ORDER OF THINGS anybody be better for not being loved?" "Why had God so decreed?" (RTL, 105, 106). Jane Coleman is certainly the coldest and most rigid of White's characters. She is portrayed as intellectually shallow and inanely conventional. Her obsession with cleanliness and order is emphasized, not without some humor: "The sight of dirt, in fact, gave her a quiet kind of delight, because she foresaw the pleasure of annihilating it. . . . she would have risen from her deathbed, if she could have done so, to put a chair straight" (RTL, 146). White hints that she is sexually reserved (a familiar gesture is smoothing her apron over her knees), although she is pleased and flattered by Major Maitland's attentions and clearly finds him attractive. She has no sympathy with Zachariah's religious doubts and is obviously threatened by his infidel friends. In fact, she doesn't much like her husband and disapproves of his political enthusiasm in the same way that she disapproves of his table manners. White suggests that Zachariah shuts his wife out from his emotional life, too. Mrs. Coleman's social and religious ortho doxy stems from her lack of self-confidence, and White makes it clear that beneath her conventional exterior she is a frightened and lonely woman, who goes to pieces when she is suddenly removed from London and the sphere of known duties and famil iar attitudes. White is also astute enough to suggest that her increasing fri


.....................................................................................................................III DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... V ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ VI LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... X LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... XII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ XIII CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................


This study describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of the copepod fauna in the estuary of the Caete River, a highly dynamic environment characterized by a unique set of hydrological and hydrodynamic attributes. This ecosystem is part of the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), which sustains one of the world's largest continuous tracts of mangrove forest. In the present study, a predominance of high-energy conditions characterized by macrotides and strong tidal currents was observed throughout the year. Salinity (0.03 ± 0.05–40.00 ± 0.84) and temperatures (26.43 ± 0.10–30.08 ± 0.43 °C) were higher than during the rainy season at all sampling stations. The highest chl-a concentration (3.92 ± 1.47–17.63 ± 2.60 mg·m−3) was recorded at the most oligohaline (innermost) station during the rainy season, while no spatial or seasonal pattern was found in dissolved nutrient concentrations, except for phosphates, which exhibited the highest concentrations during the dry season. A total of 22 copepod taxa was identified, of which the most abundant were Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzi, Acartia tonsa, Paracalanus quasimodo, Euterpina acutifrons and Pseudodiaptomus marshi. Copepodites and nauplii were also recorded. Mean total copepod abundance varied from 710.73 ± 897 individuals (ind.)·m−3 at the inner station to 236,486 ± 398,360 ind.·m−3 near the mouth of the estuary (outermost station). The results reflected rainfall-influenced oscillations in hydrological variables, mainly salinity, which determined shifts in the distribution of copepods and their community structure within the study area. This pattern may be typical of estuaries in the ACZ with similar hydrodynamic and hydrological attributes that are not influenced by the Amazon River plume.


Background and objectives: Candida vaginitis is one of the most infectious diseases which millions of women aged 45-15 years are annually being referred to clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship between Candida Vaginitis and Variables such as age, Contraceptive procedures and the number of labor. Material and Methods: we carried out this descriptive-analytic study on 384 Subjects Selected randomly. We used Statistical test to analyze the data. Results: The highest is related to under thirty-five year old Subjects and the Lowest to under ninety. It has been reported that oral Contraceptive versus other methods is associated with the greatest frequency of Vaginitis (38.9%) and Condom with the lowest. Conclusion: we conclude that the prevalence of Candida Vaginitis in 15-49 year old woman referred to YAZA health care Center is 26.6%.


By using the methods of documentary and logical analysis and in the light of the change of modern social structure, this article studies the content development of sports tourism, the result shows that development of sports tourism corresponds with constant development of man being and is becoming sunny industry and promotes development of national economy. The author proposes some problems which are urgent to be disposed of on the basis of creating better environment for tourism and developing Chinese sports tourism.


The intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica, translocates type III effectors across its vacuolar membrane into host cells. Herein we describe a new Salmonella effector, PipB2, which has sequence similarity to another type III effector, PipB. In phagocytic cells, PipB2 localizes to the Salmonella‐containing vacuole (SCV) and tubular extensions from the SCV, Salmonella‐induced filaments (Sifs). We used the specific targeting of PipB2 in macrophages to characterize Sifs in phagocytic cells for the first time. In epithelial cells, PipB2 has a unique localization pattern, localizing to SCVs and Sifs and additionally to vesicles at the periphery of infected cells. We further show that the N‐terminal 225‐amino‐acid residues of PipB2 are sufficient for type III translocation and association with SCVs and Sifs, but not peripheral vesicles. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that both PipB and PipB2 associate with host cell membranes and resist extraction by high salt, high pH and to a significant extent, non‐ionic detergent. Furthermore, PipB and PipB2 are enriched in detergent‐resistant microdomains (DRMs), also known as lipid rafts, present on membranes of SCVs and Sifs. The enrichment of Salmonella effectors in DRMs on these intracellular membranes probably permits specific interactions with host cell molecules that are concentrated in these signalling platforms.


We present a unified description of the bosonic sector ofN = 8 gauged supergravity (GSG) in four dimensions. The theory is based on an extended manifold of 1 + 3 + 56 dimensions. The bosonic degrees of freedom are unified in a generalized metric. The dieomorphism and gauge symmetries are promoted to generalized dieomorphism Di (4)◊ E 7(7) ◊ R + .


The question of the experimental study of the aftermath of prostatectomy meets, according to the authors, who work with him, almost insurmountable difficulties. Here it is about the absolute impossibility of performing a complete prostatectomy without renewing the corresponding section of the urethra


Large sums of money are being invested annually in the construction of concrete and brick pavements. It is important that the most economical means of maintaining and repairing such pavements be determined and put into practice in order that these large investments shall be protected. It is important that every type of road be properly maintained. Unless it is contemplated to properly care for the more costly types of pave ment, we can not justify ourselves in building them. Although the highways are now a controlling factor in our modern civilization and the transportation feature of them is the big development which stands out most prominently and is most impressed upon the general public, yet it is imperative that many little technical details be learned and put into practical effect in order to economically build and maintain a system of good high ways. A number of people throughout the country are now devot ing much of their time to a study of the best methods of main taining such pavements. Almost every year finds some new dis covery, or perhaps we better say an old discovery put into prac tical application, in the maintaining and repairing of our high ways. We are doing this year what was never thought of a few years ago or what was done only in a haphazard or an ex perimental way. In a discussion of the subect of this paper, I will try and describe briefly some features of this work which are more or less new or which I consider very important in ordinary practice in doing highway maintenance work. The larger part of the paper, however, will be devoted to a discussion of making con crete repairs with quick hardening concrete. The use of such concrete will be a great advantage to the general public in that a road need not be closed long to traffic because of the repairs.


Background Current efforts to control human soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) involve the periodic mass administration of benzimidazole drugs to school aged children and other at- risk groups. Given that high levels of resistance to these drugs have developed in roundworms of livestock, there is a need to monitor drug efficacy in human STHs. The current study aimed to evaluate an in vitro egg hatch assay for measuring the sensitivity of human hookworms to benzimidazole drugs in an isolated field setting in southern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Methodology/Principal Findings Egg hatch assays were performed with hookworm (Necator americanus) eggs extracted from 37 stool samples received from local school-aged children. The mean IC50 was 0.10 ug/ml thiabendazole (95% CIs: 0.09–0.12 ug/ml). Observation of the eggs immediately prior to assay set-up revealed that a small percentage had embryonated in some samples. Scoring of % embryonation of eggs prior to the assay allowed for corrections to be made to IC50, IC95 and IC99 values. Examination of the data with and without this correction revealed that the embryonation of a small number of eggs did not affect IC50 values, but did increase IC95 and IC99 values for some samples. Conclusions/Significance This study has highlighted the impact of egg embryonation on the use of benzimidazole drug sensitivity assays for human hookworms in field settings. Given the greater flexibility required in human stool collection procedures compared to livestock studies, we suggest that embryonation of some eggs may be an unavoidable issue in some human studies. Hence, it needs to be measured and accounted for when analysing dose response data, particularly for generation of IC95 and IC99 values. The protocols used in this study and our suggested measures for accounting for egg embryonation should have widespread application in monitoring benzimidazole sensitivity at field sites worldwide.


Abstract : The objective of this report is to define user planning requirements for tactical nuclear weapons employment. It identifies the nuclear planning employment functions at corps and division echelons, the interface among these functions and the interfaces between these functions and other command and control (C2) functions. It is intended that it be used as the basic requirements document for the automation of the nuclear employment planning process as part of the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS). The Data Flow Diagrams (Volume III), depict the flow of the process inputs and outputs, both among the planning processes themselves, as well as between the nuclear employment planning process themselves, as well as between the nuclear employment planning processes and organizational C2 nodes and entitles performing other C2 processes. Commander's guidance as it applies to nuclear employment planning is discussed separately in the Main Report and interwoven throughout the data flow diagrams, functional descriptions and the data dictionary. All of these elements make up this report and must be viewed together to get the overall picture of the Operational Nuclear Employment Planning Process. (JHD)


The notion of experiment precision quantifies the variance of user ratings in a subjective experiment. Although there exist measures that assess subjective experiment precision, there are no systematic analyses of these measures available in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, there is also no systematic framework in the Multimedia Quality Assessment field for comparing subjective experiments in terms of their precision. Therefore, the main idea of this paper is to propose a framework for comparing subjective experiments in the field of MQA based on appropriate experiment precision measures. We present three experiment precision measures and three related experiment precision comparison methods. We systematically analyse the performance of the measures and methods proposed. We do so both through a simulation study (varying user rating variance and bias) and by using data from four real-world Quality of Experience (QoE) subjective experiments. In the simulation study we focus on crowdsourcing QoE experiments, since they are known to generate ratings with higher variance and bias, when compared to traditional subjective experiment methodologies. We conclude that our proposed measures and related comparison methods properly capture experiment precision (both when tested on simulated and real-world data). One of the measures also proves capable of dealing with even significantly biased responses. We believe our experiment precision assessment framework will help compare different subjective experiment methodologies. For example, it may help decide which methodology results in more precise user ratings. This may potentially inform future standardisation activities.


A trading card game service method and a system thereof are provided to use an electronic identification tag for modification and change. As a member authenticated through a mobile communication network demands a trading card game battle, entrance of a game battle room is permitted(a). As a fixed number in the game battle room is filled, electronic identification tag information corresponding to one card is demanded to gamers(b). As the electronic identification tag information is received from all of the gamers in the room, it is checked whether the received tag information is authentic(c). If the information belongs to another person's product information, another persons' product message is transmitted to the gamers, and another tag information is requested(d). If the information is authentic, victory and defeat are decided on, and the decided results are transmitted to the gamers(e).


A portable, real-time, gas analyser (GASMET), based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) principle, was compared with the adsorption tube method in four factories using organic solvent mixtures. The usefulness of the gas analyser data was also evaluated from the point of view of preventive measures. The gas analyser incorporates the use of a low-resolution FTIR spectrometer, a 486 computer and a temperature-controlled gas cell. The gas analyser was calibrated with the expected pure compounds and solvent mixtures in different concentrations. CALCMET software based on a modified classical least-squares lineshape fitting is used for the identification and quantification of compounds. The typical detection limit of the gas analyser is about 1 mg m–3. The correlation of the total hygienic effect between the gas analyser and the adsorption tubes was good (correlation coefficient = 0.978). With small concentrations of some single compounds, some discrepancy occurs between the results obtained with the two methods. Continuous monitoring with the gas analyser reveals the worktasks with exposure peaks and makes precise preventive measures possible.


We truly appreciate authors Jia and Zhang for their kind consideration on our article. Guillain-Barré syndrome has two major subtypes; acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy. The pathologic processes underlying acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy are different but the final pathway is common. In acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, complement activation and membrane attack complex formation on Schwann cell surface lead to vesicular demyelination. In acute motor axonal neuropathy, antibodies against motor axons lead to complementmediated membrane attack complex formation at the nodal axolemma and, in severe cases, axonal degeneration of the motor axons develop. In other words, Guillain-Barré syndrome is a complement-mediated autoimmune disorder. Both cellular and humoral parts of the immune system are involved in GBS pathogenesis. Autopsy studies show axolemmal deposition of IgG on the anterior spinal root in acute motor axonal neuropathy patients, indicating that IgG, which binds effectively with complement, is an important factor in the development of disease. Children with severe, rapidly progressive Guillain-Barré syndrome most likely have an intense autoantibody production with a high percentage of these antibodies already bound to nerves leading to development of respiratory failure. It was shown by randomized controlled studies that both intravenous immunoglobulin and therapeutic plasma exchange are effective in Guillain-Barré syndrome treatment. Both of the treatment modalities shorten recovery time and improve disability scores when administered within the early stages of disease. Although these therapies have been in use for many years, particularly the prognosis of patients with rapid progression and severe involvement has not changed and the rate of mortality has remained around 10%. No significant differences were found between intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange therapy in previous randomized controlled trials. This is because neither of them can moderate all components of the cellular and humoral immune system as a single treatment. Plasma exchange can solely remove the antibodies intensively from the plasma, controls hypercytokinemia, decreases leukocyte degranulation, and inhibits macrophage activation and phagocytosis when initiated immediately. Yet, intravenous immunoglobulin infusion alone blocks Fc receptors and prevents formation of membrane attack complex by inhibiting complement activation (Table 1). In this respect, combining the favorable effects of these 2 regimens were attempted in the past. Unfortunately, sequential combination of the 2 regimens, either intravenous immunoglobulin after plasma exchange or plasma exchange after intravenous immunoglobulin, failed to give better outcomes. Justifiably authors question the difference between Zipper method and "plasma exchange followed by intravenous immunoglobulin regimen." When plasma exchange course is followed by intravenous immunoglobulin regimen, patients' native immunoglobulins are depleted in the most active period of the disease, and plasma exchange abates intravenous immunoglobulin effect when intravenous immunoglobulin regimen is followed by plasma exchange course. The fact remains that Zipper method is not a sequential combination of the 2 regimens but it is a rigorous implementation of plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin in an interpenetrating manner. Because the plasma is cleared from the autoantibodies after the plasma exchange, an autoantibody transition from the tissue to the plasma starts. It is postulated in a previous study that removal of autoantibodies by plasma exchange may stimulate rebound synthesis of autoantibodies. Prompt administration of intravenous immunoglobulin after plasma exchange session neutralizes these regenerated antibodies and keeps the patient from being Ig depleted. It is already known that antibody movement from tissue to plasma completes in 24 hours. This is the logic underlying the initiation of the next plasma exchange session to be 24 hours after the intravenous immunoglobulin infusions. The following plasma exchange session is expected to sweep away the soiled antibodies. This way of ranking leads to a consistency of both regimens augmenting each other's effect. Table 1. Impact Points of the Treatment Modalities.


Aim: The aims of this study were to define the design criteria of an artificial ACL which could reproduce the non-linear load-elongation characteristics of the native ACL, and to investigate the mechanical behaviour of a novel ACL reconstruction design consisting of a metallic elastic system and a polymeric cord. Introduction: Kinematic and survivorship studies on the ACL intact and ACL deficient knees have emphasised the importance of preserving and/or reconstructing the ACL [1], [2]. The unique mechanical properties of the ACL and the non-linear relationship between the ACL forces and the quadriceps muscle forces at different flexion angles are the key elements in providing normal kinematics. Current synthetic ACL reconstruction grafts have shown poor long-term results, mainly due to wear, creep, fatigue and mechanical failure. None of the synthetic and biological grafts used for the ACL reconstruction have been able to replicate the normal mechanical behaviour of the ACL and prevent degenerative disease progression such as osteoarthritis. Method: Desired mechanical properties of the artificial ACL were defined based the results of in vitro and in vivo biomechanical studies. Suitable materials were found for the prosthetic ACL which met the required design criteria. Implicit finite element analyses were performed on a spring-cord construct design and the output force-elongation data compared to the estimated in-vivo natural ACL properties found in the literature. Results: It was shown that an artificial ACL should have a non-linear stiffness with low resistance to the initial load (~30 Nmm-1 stiffness in the toe region) and increased stiffness under higher load (~110 Nmm-1 stiffness in the linear region). Suitable materials for the ACL reconstruction design (i.e. CoCrMo alloy and UHMWPE fibres) were identified based on their biocompatibility, strength, strain, creep and fatigue properties The FEA results showed that the mechanical properties of the novel artificial ACL deisgn closely resembled that of the natural ACL at 30° of flexion. A validation test was performed on prototype samples, which supported the finite element data. Conclusions The non-linear force-elongation properties of the native ACL can be reproduced by an artificial ACL reconstruction system in the ACLD knees.


In an anisotropic medium there are only certain directions along which elastic waves can propagate in pure longitudinal and transverse modes. For the determination of third‐order elastic coefficients from sound speed measurements in stressed crystals it is desirable to know these modes. Using a method due to Borgnis the pure mode directions are determined for all crystal point groups belonging to the orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic, rhombohedral, and hexagonal systems. The eigenvalue problem is solved for each of these directions, and the polarization vectors and the wave speeds are tabulated.


Is bank financing compatible with innovation? We show that an exogenous enhancement in the value of borrowers' patents, either through greater patent protection or creditor rights over collateral, results in cheaper loans. Using regression discontinuity design, we show that although R&D investment sharply drops following a financial covenant violation, the reduction is concentrated in firms with less productive R&D. Consequently, R&D reduction does not impair innovative output. Our results suggest that the property rights that patents confer to intellectual property and to lenders' judicious exercise of control rights allow bank loans to be a viable means of financing for innovative firms.


A multi-antenna multi-speed emitter and a transmission method thereof for optimizing the throughput includes a modulator module, a mode switch processor, and a space-time/space-frequency processor. The modulator module sends out sign sequence S, and the mode switch processor is used to calculate the throughput of the encoding system in matrix transmission when adopting the standby speeds under the corresponding receiver with a receiving method, and selects the transmitting matrix corresponding with the biggest value as the pre-coding matrix P. The space-time/space-frequency processor is used to calculate the sign matrix V, wherein, the matrix V is the multiplication of the pre-coding matrix P and the output sign sequence S. In selecting the transmission mode, the invention selects the maximum value from system throughput of the coding system under various transmission ways with the uniform confidence broadcasting checker as the transmission scheme, thus effectively enhancing the system throughput.


SUMMARY The main objective of the work discussed in this paper was evaluation of a chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), lisinopril (L), and their impurities in pharmaceuticals. Chlorothiazide (CTZ) and disulfonamide (DSA), as potential impurities in hydrochlorothiazide, and diketopiperazine (DKP), as an impurity of lisinopril, were analyzed. The chromatographic behaviour of these substances on different columns was studied using mobile phases of different polarity. The optimum separations were achieved by gradient elution on a 4.6 mm × 20 mm, 3.5 µm particle size, C18 column. The mobile phase was a gradient prepared by mixing 7:93 (v/v) acetonitrile–25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 5, and 50:50 (v/v) acetonitrile–25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 5 in different ratios. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min −1 . UV detection was performed at 215 nm. Methylparaben was used as internal standard. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The limits of detection, LOD, and quantification, LOQ, were determined experimentally. Because of its speed and accuracy the method can be used for quality-control analysis.


The ionic fragmentation of bromobenzene is studied as a function of excitation energy into the 1B2 state, with two UV photons being necessary to ionize the neutral molecule. A mass‐resolved analysis reveals an increase in the C6H+5 /C6H5Br+ ratio at lower excitation energies, which can be traced to a larger photodissociation cross section for the parent ion. Selected resonant and off‐resonant features of the 1B2 state also have been excited. Surprisingly, a slightly smaller phenyl/parent ion ratio is observed for a resonant excitation as compared with an off‐resonant excitation. An additional ionization pathway through a triplet state is discussed as a possible explanation of the observed reduction in the phenyl/parent ratio.


Cationic guar was synthesized by use of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride phase transfer catalyst,and the factors affecting the reaction were assessed in this short paper,including the dosage of alkali,phase transfer catalyst,temperature and time of reaction along with the mixing speed. Based on the experimental results the optimal reaction conditions were proposed:the molar ratio of NaOH,Etherification agent,hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to guar was 0.22,0.166,and 0.15 respectively. The reaction should be performed in the range of 40~60 ℃ for 2~4 h with moderate mixing speed. As the result,the performance of the cation guar such as viscosity and aqueous solubility were better than those of guar flour.


The evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services (E-MBMS) can bring television (TV) services to a small mobile phone. The E-MBMS has been proposed in the third generation partnership project long-term evolution standardisation to support both normal mobile phone and mobile TV capabilities on a single device. As the E-MBMS delivers the same content simultaneously to multiple E-MBMS users sharing the same subframe in the multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area and has the benefit of short handover latency when handover occurs within the MBSFN area; it is important to increase the number of E-MBMS users to be supported within the MBSFN area in order to achieve better performance in terms of spectral efficiency and handover latency. To obtain the advantages mentioned above, the proposed adaptive handover scheme increases the handover hysteresis margin (HM) when an E-MBMS user moves from the serving MBSFN area to the target non-MBSFN area and decreases the handover HM when an E-MBMS user travels from the serving non-MBSFN area to the target MBSFN area. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of E-MBMS users in the MBSFN area. Also, it is shown that the lower handover latency can be achieved by reducing the additional handover signalling message exchanges.


Objective To analyze the diagnostic methods and etiological factors in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO).Methods The clinical data of 362 patients with FUO,who were treated in hospital since March 2001 to May 2005,were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 362 patients,316 patients were definitely diagnosed (87.3%).Among the 316 definite diagnosis patients,176 cases were infectious disease,134cases were becterial infection (134 cases were virus infection,5 cases were fungus infection and 3 case belonged to other disese),140 cases were non-infections disease (65 cases were collagen vascular diseases,61 cases were malignant tumor and 14 cases belonged to other diseases).46 cases remained origin-unknown until they were discharged from hospital.Conclusion In the diagnosis of FUO,we should manage to collect pathogenic,immunologic and pathologic evidences.Infectious di-seases,collagen vascular diseases and malignant tumors are the main causes of FUO.


PURPOSE
A 63-year-old female with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, stromal edema and subepithelial scarring was inappropriately treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy, leading to a central focal circular corneal scar and decreased visual acuity that required penetrating keratoplasty.

METHOD
The host corneal button was bisected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and in glutaraldehyde immediately after its removal.

RESULTS
Light microscopy demonstrated a central area of absent Bowman's layer with a thin layer of subepithelial fibrosis, stromal corneal edema, and thickened Descemet's membrane.

CONCLUSION
Correct estimation of differential ablation rates of tissue and shallow, repeated ablations followed by slit-lamp microscopy and/or videokeratography help prevent over-treatment.


The present invention These latex particulates can be used in the inkjet ink, while providing benefits associated with utilizing latex exhibits excellent freqcel, decel and decap. Further, substantially without causing peeling due shear forces associated with the ink jet process, it can adsorb the surfactant on its surface.


global issues. The Working Group was receptive to this attempt to emphasize regional co-operation, yet the results of its efforts have been inconclusive. No further sessions are at present scheduled, and it would appear that the politics of laissez-faire are likely to predominate for some time.


An unconventional approach to scaling based on the anomalous Hall effect is presented and utilized to demonstrate conclusively that epitaxial (metallic) ${\text{Ga}}_{0.98}{\text{Mn}}_{0.02}\text{As}$ is a mean-field ferromagnet. Such a result provides strong support for the assertion that the underlying interactions can be treated within the framework of Landau mean-field theory, direct support for which had previously been lacking. This scaling approach also provides confirmation\char22{}albeit indirect\char22{}that the origin of the anomalous Hall effect in this system is intrinsic at the composition studied.


We study the space of C-smooth isogeometric functions on bilinearly parameterized multipatch domains Ω ⊂ R, where the graph of each isogeometric function is a multi-patch spline surface of bidegree (d, d), d ∈ {5, 6}. The space is fully characterized by the equivalence of the C-smoothness of an isogeometric function and the G-smoothness of its graph surface (cf. [10, 16]). This is the reason to call its functions C-smooth geometrically continuous isogeometric functions. In particular, the dimension of this C-smooth isogeometric space is investigated. The study is based on the decomposition of the space into three subspaces and is an extension of the work [15] to the multi-patch case. In addition, we present an algorithm for the construction of a basis, and use the resulting globally C-smooth functions for numerical experiments, such as performing L approximation and solving triharmonic equation, on bilinear multi-patch domains. The numerical results indicate optimal approximation order.


Because of two putting methods of tool post before or behind the spindle on the horizontal-spindle numerically controlled lathe, people usually confuse the judging of CW(clockwise direction) interpolation command(G02) and CCW (counterclockwise direction) interpolation command(G03) With the situation, this paper, using the principle of setting coordinate system, analyses the regulation methods about CW and CCW, and explains why people confuse it, then concludes a simple judging method for G02 and G03


This paper aims to combine kansei engineering and interactive genetic algorithm for the perceptual optimization design of handheld fan cultural and creative product form, and to provide new methodological ideas for design of cultural and creative product form. Based on the theory of kansei engineering, this paper uses principal component analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to determine the subjective preference data of users for the handheld fans and uses semiotics theory to analyze the cultural characteristics of traditional batik costumes of Miao in Guizhou Province, obtain the unit set of product form characteristics, establish the correlation model between cultural perceptual imagery and product form elements, and through the analysis of user perceptual imagery, the best solution of the handheld fan cultural and creative product form is derived. Through the results of the kansei engineering study, the morphological feature unit of the handheld fan was constructed; by interactive genetic algorithm, a design solution with high consensus satisfaction was output. The method is applied to the perceptual optimization design in order to narrow the search space, which can meet users' subjective preferences more efficiently and accurately, with feasibility and practicality.


Conditions for conducting laboratory simulations of natural convection solar-drying were investigated. In the solar-drying experiments, air speed in the empty drying chamber (called the air flow potential, AFP) varied from 1.3 to 1.8 m/s, while inlet temperature to the loaded drying tower varied from 57 to 71°C. In laboratory simulations of solar-drying, the influence of variation of air flow rate, product loading density and inlet air temperature on drying behavior of potato sticks (12.5 × 6 × 40 mm) was investigated.

It was determined that potato sticks could be solar-dried in 5–6 h to a water activity of 0.7 (15 g water/100 g solids) under natural convection conditions. Drying rate increased with increase of inlet air temperature and/or AFP, with the effect of AFP being most noticeable at the beginning of the drying process. The time required to remove 96% of the original moisture varied by ± 5% for the AFP variation noted in solar-drying (1.54 ± 0.23 m/s) and varied ± 10% for the variation of inlet air temperature noted in solar-drying (65 ± 5°C), indicating a higher sensitivity for natural convection solar-drying to variability of inlet air temperature than fluctuating AFP. The ratio of increase in drying time to increase in bed depth is less than 1, so overall dryer productivity increased with increasing bed depth.


Insulin (Humulin® R IU500) has been delivered from an implantable artificial pancreas in diabetic rats and pigs. The artificial pancreas which was implanted in the peritoneum was fabricated from several biocompatible materials such as polycarbonate, stainless steel, polyurethane, titanium and a polyurethane resin. The device also contains a glucose responsive smart gel which controls the diffusion of insulin dependent on the surrounding glucose environment. As the insulin reservoir is refillable and in contact with the device materials, assessing its biocompatibility with these various device component materials was conducted. Insulin can undergo chemical degradation mainly via a deamidation reaction on glutamine and asparagine residues rendering its biological hormone functionality. Two Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods were developed and validated for detection of insulin and degradant Asn A21 desamido insulin (method A) and insulin and degradant Asn B3 desamido insulin (method B). Material biocompatibility studies show that stainless steel and titanium are suitable for an implantable insulin delivery device design over a 31-day period. The use of polycarbonate and polyurethane could be considered if the insulin reservoir in the device was only to remain in the device for less than 11 days after which time there is a loss in cresol which acts in a protective capacity for insulin stability.


Bargaining over real prices with microenterprise owners in Ghana, we show that sellers with less per capita household liquidity agree to lower sale prices. This relationship is robust across firms and within firms over time, even after controlling for a plethora of time-varying observables. A computerized bargaining experiment, with randomized initial payout sizes, corroborates the real-bargaining findings. This pattern can be explained by an application of classical bargaining theory that includes endowments and utility functions with decreasing absolute risk aversion. The potential poverty-multiplying implications of pricing behavior is a key frontier in understanding barriers to the profitability of microenterprises. (JEL D22, G51, L25, L26, O12, O14)


(57) Abstract: The present invention, poly method for cleaning a carpet with a liquid composition comprising (vinyl methyl ether / maleic acid) copolymer. Carpet Cleaning compositions of the present invention provides carpet cleaning and / or carpet re-stain prevention benefit.


Acoustic reactive composite is formed in a highly fibrillated ePTFE microstructure having a fully impregnated elastomer in the ePTFE film may include expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) film. Acoustic loss of the composite material is less than 7dB at 1 kHz, water intrusion pressure (WFP) can be at least 20 PSI. Layered assembly to protect the acoustic device may comprise an acoustic reactive composites as described above, and are arranged to define an acoustic cavity adhesive layer. Acoustic device may incorporate an acoustic reactive composite or layered assembly as described above, the acoustic reactive composite or layered assemblies are arranged over the acoustic cavity adjacent to the transducer of the acoustic device . .FIELD 1


Formative assessment such as classroom assessment techniques are used very little in higher education. When the literature is examined, it is seen that the use of these techniques makes significant contributions to the teaching process. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of instruction with classroom assessment techniques on students' level of competency in reliability and validity and the metaphors regarding these techniques. As a result of the study, it can be argued that teaching with the aid of classroom assessment techniques were effectual in increasing the students' competencies about reliability and validity. Parallel to this, it can be stated that most of the metephores produced by the experimental group are positive.


Contemporary companies focus on marketing because of its importance and commercial advantages. Nevertheless, this also means they should face significant challenges and other organizations in this field. Firms require organizational structural factors to identify customer needs, consumer engagement, and market sensing. This is achieved through product exploration and exploitation, which increases the stock supply of SMEs for new and existing customers along with their profits. The adoption of electronic commerce has become essential for SMEs, especially in the IT sector, because it enables them to analyze several metrics, improve customer service, and reduce operating costs. In addition, they can be more efficient in distribution and customer communication. Thus, service promotes customer loyalty and improves confidence. New product development increases profits and creates opportunities to fulfill market needs. E-commerce opens new markets, supports customer service, and improves communication.  In summary, these three marketing capabilities are useful to gain competitive advantages in the long term and develop a differentiating factor against direct competition.


This paper explores the shortcomings (from the conceptual, theoretical and ethical points of view) of the territorial development approach in taking into account the complexity inherent in the global socioecological crisis. The author seeks to highlight the need to transcend these shortcomings by way of establishing a dialogue with the ecodevelopment approach – a systemic planning concept that has emerged twenty years before the UN Summit on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In the last part, the author offers some exploratory guidelines to engage transdisciplinary research units in coordinated experiments with this hybrid concept of territorial ecodevelopment in the next years.


A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry covers the period 1800 to 1920. Over this period, sport become increasingly global, some sports were radically altered, sports clubs proliferated, and new team games - such as baseball, basketball, and the various forms of football - were created, codified, commercialized, and professionalized. Yet this was also an age of cultural and political tensions, when issues around the role of women, social class, ethnicity and race, imperial relationships, nation-building, and amateur and professional approaches were all shaping sport. At the same time, increasing urbanization, population, real wages, and leisure time drove demand for sport ever higher, and the institutionalization and regulation of sport accelerated. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.


As a nonverbal means of communication, color plays a very important role in social lives. The symbolic meanings of color vary from culture to culture. This article, based on the introduction of customs of color use in China and Japan, analyses the differences of color use in the cross-cultural communication between the two countries with examples of clothing and gifts.


We examined the influence of secondary metabolites (glycoalkaloids) of Solanum fruits on fruit consumption by seed dispersers and seed predators. Our goal was to determine the degree to which secondary metabolites might explain fruit–frugivore interactions that heretofore have not been explained by other fruit-related variables (e.g., color, nutrient content, seediness, etc.). Using feeding trails with real fruits and artificial fruit pulp media, we tested two sets of hypotheses, one relating to the specificity of secondary metabolites and the other to intra- and interspecific variation in secondary metabolite content. First, the Directed Toxicity Hypothesis was tested against its alternative, the General Toxicity Hypothesis. The Directed Toxicity Hypothesis posits that fruit pulp secondary metabolites are directed primarily toward organisms that destroy seeds following fruit consumption, remaining nontoxic to organisms that disperse seeds. The General Toxicity Hypothesis states that these secondary metab...


Wireless 4G networks are the result of the interconnection of different wireless access networks and a core network. The heterogeneity of 4G networks require the implementation of a vertical authentication scheme that reduces the handover delay while preserving the security context of the ongoing communication. This paper proposes a complete vertical authentication scheme integrating the GSM, UMTS, WiFi and WiMAX technologies that enables a vertical handover without requiring a prior subscription to the visited network. We also prove the immunity of our scheme against some heterogeneous attacks.


The First Cycle The great festivals of the Christian year those which have numbered Sundays before or after them follow an easily recognizable chronological sequence based on the life and saving work of our Lord Jesus Christ. The frrst of these festivals is the feast of the Nativity, Christmas, on 25 December, with Advent as a period of preparation, commencing about the end of November; and Christmas is followed by the Circumcision of Christ on 1 January; the Epiphany, celebrating the coming of the Wise Men (or, in the East, Christ's baptism), on 6 January; Good Friday and Easter Day, celebrating Christ's death and resurrection, at Passover season, with Lent as a period of preparation; Ascension Day, forty days after Easter; Whitsun, celebrating the pouring out of the Holy Spirit by the ascended Christ, at Pentecost season, another ten days later; and Trinity Sunday, summing up the revelation of God through these events, the next Sunday. There follows the long period of about 25 Sundays after Trinity (called in the Church of Rome and the Orthodox Church 'Sundays after Pentecost') which brings us back to Advent. Since the traditional collects and readings for Advent speak of Christ's second coming as well as his first, the 25 Sundays vividly speak to us of the long period between Christ's two comings.


This chapter concerns modeling, design, and characterization of dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components at telecommunication wavelengths, aimed at establishing a new technology platform for integratable nanophotonic components by combining photonics and electronics on the same chip. The dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) consist of dielectric ridges with rectangular nano-meter-sized cross-sections, deposited on smooth metal films. The SPPs are strongly confined to the ridges due to the large index contrast between the dielectric ridge region and the surrounding air. Theoretical studies of the DLSPPW structure show that single mode propagation with sub-wavelength confinement and low propagation loss can be achieved by proper design of the waveguide dimensions, which is confirmed by near-field optical imaging of fabricated DLSPPWs, performed with a scanning near-field optical microscope. The performance basic waveguide components along with several different passive wavelength selective components is demonstrated. The coupling between two parallel DLSPPWs is investigated by characterizing directional couplers, where the two waveguides are brought into close proximity of one another by means of S-bends. Periodic modulation of the transmission is achieved by realizing waveguide-ring resonators and wavelength filtering is obtained by realizing Bragg gratings. In addition an approach for designing components capable of physically separating two signals of different wavelengths is introduced.


The Lessepsian fishes Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus are common herbivores in the eastern Mediterra- nean, where they adapted themselves to the algal resources of the new environment. It appears that in the eastern Mediter- ranean S. rivulatus grazes on the majority of available macrophytes, with a preference for certain taxa such as Sphacelaria spp., Polysiphonia spp., Ulva spp., Jania spp. and Halopteris spp. Siganus luridus seems to select some of most common macrophytes found in the eastern Mediterranean (e.g,. Halopteris spp., Padina spp., Sphacelaria spp., Polysiphonia spp., Ulva spp., Sargassum spp.). Siganus luridus occasionally ingests the toxic exotic macrophyte Caulerpa racemosa. Both Siganidae feed non-selectively during the cold season. Grazing of macrophytes varies in proportion with seasons, reflect - ing the seasonal variations of macrophyte populations. The proportions also appear to change with fish size, probably in relation to energetic needs as well as changing grazing capabilities with relation to age. In addition, small invertebrates can be ingested accidentally, while the ingestion of sand might have a function in digestion. In the Mediterranean, both Sigani- dae have considerably modified their diet to adapt themselves to new algal resources, which differ significantly from those found in the Red Sea. reSuMe. - Regime alimentaire des poissons lessepsiens, Siganus rivulatus et S. luridus (Siganidae) en Mediterranee orientale : synthese bibliographique. Siganus rivulatus et S. luridus sont deux especes lessepsiennes herbivores communes en Mediterranee orientale ou elles ont ajuste leur regime alimentaire aux ressources algales de leur nouvel environnement. Il semble qu'en Mediterranee orientale, S. rivulatus broute la majorite des macrophytes disponibles mais avec une preference pour certains taxa comme Sphacelaria spp., Polysiphonia spp., Ulva spp., Jania spp. et Halopteris spp. Siganus luridus semble choisir davantage certaines macrophytes comme Halopteris spp., Padina spp., Sphacelaria spp., Polysiphonia spp., Ulva spp. et Sargassum spp., qui sont parmi les plus communes en Mediterranee orientale. Siganus luridus semble egalement ingerer occasionnel- lement l'espece exotique et toxique Caulerpa racemosa. Les deux especes ont une alimentation non selective durant la sai- son froide. La frequence des macrophytes consommees varie avec la saison en relation avec les fluctuations des ressources algales. Les proportions ingerees changent egalement avec la taille des poissons, ce qui est probablement du aux change- ments des besoins energetiques et des capacites de broutage avec l'âge. Par ailleurs, divers petits invertebres peuvent etre ingeres accidentellement alors que le sable ingere pourrait avoir un role dans la digestion. En Mediterranee, les deux Siga- nidae ont modifie considerablement leur regime alimentaire pour s'adapter a des ressources algales tres differentes de cel- les de la mer Rouge.


We review some results on spreadable quantum stochastic processes and present the structure of some monoids acting on the index-set of all integers $\mathbb Z$. These semigroups are strictly related to spreadability, as the latter can be directly stated in terms of invariance with respect to their action. We are mainly focused on spreadable, Boolean, monotone, and $q$-deformed processes. In particular, we give a suitable version of the Ryll-Nardzewski Theorem in the aforementioned cases.


The principle purpose of using data mining is extracting data or information in large database. Document stream means continuous flow of document whether it may be pdf,word,images or any other types of document. we are proposing a method for retrieving top-k results for searching the digital certificates in cloud storage of an user. Generally we process the content in the certificate by extracting them using OCR(optical character recognition).Fuzzy clustering algorithm is implemented to cluster the certificates. And we provide security by using an OTP and digital signature is used for future reference. Fake certificate prediction is done based on certificate number. Scalable Random Sampling with Iterative Optimization Fuzzy c-Means algorithm (SRSIO-FCM) is used to cluster the certificates based on certificate content. User can search keywords in search box, based on that relevant certificates will be displayed. User can download the certificate after entering OTP number that is sent to the user's phone and email id. Keywords— Data Mining, OCR, Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm,


In recent years, electric vehicles with low cost and zero emission have been accepted and chosen by more and more people. In order to further shorten the charging time of electric vehicles, improve charging efficiency of electric vehicles and promote the development of green smart transportation, a new promising Energy Harvesting-Dynamic Wireless Charging (EH-DWC) system is currently much attracting extensive attention and research. EH-DWC system, on the one hand, can convert nature energy such as wind or solar nature energy into electricity energy by using energy harvesting technology, on the other hand, the system can directly provide charging service for the moving electric vehicle through wireless electromagnetic induction technology. However, during the charging process, since the electric vehicle and the EH-DWC need to communicate over an open wireless channel, it is inevitable to be attacked by some malicious, which can influence the charging process, privacy leakage or even property losses between the system and the electric vehicle. In this paper, we propose a lightweight secure management scheme for energy harvesting dynamic wireless charging system. The proposed scheme can achieve effective authentication, secure communication, privacy protection and reliable payment for the system. Moreover, considering that there are some weather that are not conducive to harvesting energy, the scheme divides the system into three different working states to ensure the safe operation. Finally, the security analysis and performance evolution prove our scheme is secure and efficient in the end of the paper.


"Definite Jessie material." It's a phrase invoked in reviews, rehearsals, cast parties, and casual conversations wherever Vancouver theatre people are found. Suggesting someone should be – or should have been – nominated for a Jessie award is high praise, interchangeable with telling them they've done some of the best work you've seen all year.


Beveloid gears are usually employed to transfer motion of small shaft angle, but the assembly errors or misalignment can affect the gear tooth contact and dynamic performance. A dynamic model and tooth contact analysis model of the intersecting beveloid gear pair are established, the defects of the theoretical tooth surface in the meshing are analyzed, and a microgeometry modification method to improve the meshing performance is proposed. At the same time, the effects of system misalignment and manufacturing errors on its meshing characteristics are considered. By studying the sensitivity of the static and dynamic characteristics of beveloid gear on different misalignment components, the influence laws of misalignment on the contact pattern, transmission error, mesh stiffness, and dynamic excitation force are obtained, which give suggestions for tooth surface modification and support structural stiffness design of beveloid gear with a good NVH performance.


The radar cross section (RCS) of complex combination objects is studied and the typical algorithm of shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) is improved to enhance the speed and accuracy of computation. Aperture integration formulae are derivated and the improved algorithm is proved with a typical body. Then RCS of complex combination objects is computed. The calculated results of a strait inlet with the rectangular section are in agreement with reference values than those of Hao Ling, furthermore the speed of calculation increases two times. The calculated results of trihedral corner reflectors agree with the experimental results. Finally, the computed results of complex combination objects on the deck of a aircraft carrier are given and compared with the results calculated by the approximation and the pixel methods.


Abstract INTRODUCTION Molecular subgroups of pediatric medulloblastomas are distinctive in infantile and non-infantile age-groups. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR based GEP of customized 12 protein-coding genes was performed on 206 FFPE childhood medulloblastoma samples. FISH for MYC amplification, monosomy 6 and sequencing for CTNNB1 exon 3 mutation were done in relevant cases. H&E and reticulin-stained slides were used for histological subtyping. p53-protein immunoreactivity pattern was noted. RESULTS Infantile (n=33) comprised 57.6% SHH-activated (desmoplastic: 73.7%; MBEN: 15.8% and classic: 10.5%), 21.2% group 3 (large cell/anaplastic [LCA]: 28.6% and none were desmoplastic) and 12% group 4. 40% of group 3 patients died of disease and 21% of the SHH-activated (all desmoplastic) had subsequent local recurrence. Non-infantile (n=173) comprised 19.4% WNT-activated, 12.9% SHH-activated (15% classic, 30% desmoplastic, 10% paucinodular), 19.4% group 3 (63.3% classic & 26.7% LCA), 48.4% group 4 (73.3% classic, 5.3% desmoplastic, 10.7% paucinodular & 1.4% LCA), and non-WNT/non-SHH (NWNS), NOS (n=14,9%) and unclassified (n=4,2.6%). None of WNT-activated were desmoplastic/LCA histology. Non-infantile WNT-activated and group 3 MBs showed 90% monosomy 6 & CTNNB1 mutation, and 16.7% MYC-amplification respectively. 17.4% (13% spinal, 4.4% local) WNT-activated, 31% (12.5% local, 18.5% distant [spinal: 12.5%, intracranial:6%]) SHH-activated, 27% (18% both spinal and local, 9% spinal) group 3 and 31.5% (7.4% local, 5.5% intracranial, 11.2% spinal, 7.4% both spinal and local) group 4 showed metastases during follow up. CONCLUSIONS SHH-activated and group 3 are the common infantile subgroups but group 4 is not non-existent in infantile age. No desmoplastic (including paucinodular) histological subtype is of WNT- activated and group 3.


The present document reports the work which has been carried out through the master thesis entitled "Industrial Solutions for Inductive Heating of Steels", done at Swerea MEFOS (Luleå) during spring semester 2013. This master thesis has been supervised by Esa Vuorinen from Luleå University of Technology and Jan-Olov Perä from MEFOS. The work takes part from a larger project at MEFOS, intended to develop different industrials solutions based on inductive heating. This master thesis is not usual because it does not carry out on one specified problem: at the beginning of the work, a first time (2 months) was devoted to literature survey and theoretical background. This theoretical background has been completed by a stay at the company Fives CELES in France (2 weeks), in order to learn more about inductive heating, and look after applications of inductive heating. Finally, a third time (3 months) was dedicated to experiments. These experiments have dealt with two different subjects:  Inductive heating of coated Boron steel before hot stamping: Case of Zn-Fe and Zn-Ni coatings Work in collaboration with Gestamp.  Selective inductive heating – perspective of components with tailored properties. The word is presented in different parts, for a clearest reading of the document. The first part presents a theoretical background about inductive heating required to understand this report. Because induction is a wide and complex science, which combines electromagnetic with heat science, only the minimum of background is given. Readers interested in further explanations can consult numerous publications on this topic. The second part is devoted to the state-of-the-art of inductive heating. Because this topic is quite broad, some subjects have been selected regarding the project and MEFOS's activities. Investigations focuses firstly on inductive heating in case of hot rolling with flat and long products, and secondly on its utilization in automotive industry. Then, investigations on the influence of surface treatments and coatings on inductive heating are presented. This part finishes on a review of actual available processes based on induction heating. The third part presents experiments on both subjects: the inductive heating before hot stamping of Zn-Fe and Zn-Ni coated Boron steel and the potential of the "selective inductive heating"; it means the possibility of localized treatment by inductive heating, in a perspective of tailoring properties components. Contact: email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com


Ports and delta cities are environments w here high resource depletion, pollutant emissions and human population density are concentrating. This constitutes a real challenge regarding reducing pressures on the environment and society. Important pressures in port and delta city environments include contamination, sewerage, land reclamation, construction & dredging, regulation of water levels and shipping. Physical alterations of the port environment caused by human activities (e.g. dredging, construction of locks and pumps) change the natural characteristics of shorelines, which subsequently can lead to problems such as unnaturally high sedimentation rates or a decrease in fish migration opportunities. Due to climate change and the associated (enhanced) sea level rise, the pressure on ports and delta cities will further increase.


In his letter of 6 January 1679/80 Hooke wrote to Newton ''in truth I agree with You that the Explicating the Curve in which a body Descending to the Center of the Earth, would circumgyrate were a Speculation of noe Use yet'' [The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, edited by H. W. Turnbull (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1960), Vol. 2, p. 309]. In these words, Hooke referred to a hypothetical problem which he was discussing in a correspondence with Newton. The problem was that of determining the orbit of a body moving inside a narrow cut made centrally across the Earth. This was perhaps the very first inverse central force problem to be attacked by Newton. Newton seems to have used his instantaneous impulse technique to provide a drawing of a solution that was almost exact. This paper explores this fascinating early solution of an inverse central force problem.


We synthesized hydrogen-bonded rod–coil diblock complexes having both a rigid rod and a flexible coil by combining bithiophene-conjugated pyrazole derivatives and alkoxy-substituted benzoic acid derivatives. Their self-assembled nanostructures were investigated using polarized optical microscopy, molecular modeling, and X-ray scattering in liquid crystalline (LC) state. They form different types of supramolecular LC phases depending on the numbers and lengths of alkoxy substituents in the benzoic acids. Diblock complexes with low volume ratios of aliphatic coils to rod segments (dioctyloxy chains) self-assembled into lamellar phases; systems with higher ratios (didodecyloxy, trioctyloxy, and tridodecyloxy chains) formed columns. In these columnar structures, two pyrazoles and two benzoic acids formed an aromatic tetramer core through N–H···O and O–H···N hydrogen bonds. Two sets of aromatic tetramers surrounded by flexible aliphatic chains were then stacked to give columnar phases. These are novel examples of supramolecular LC structures comprising hydrogen-bonded pyrazole–benzoic acid derivatives with tetrameric rigid aromatic scaffolds.


Mount Suswa is a large (>700 km) trachytic shield volcano with two nested summit calderas that erupted peralkaline trachyte and phonolite lavas and tuffs from approximately 240 to <10 ka. Suswa is the southernmost volcanic center in the Central Kenya Peralkaline Province (CKPP), a region of intensive geothermal development. This development includes active production at Olkaria and drilling at Menengai as a collaboration between Geothermal Development Company, Ormat, and KenGen. This report focuses on Suswa, which represents the only salic center to have erupted significant volumes of silica-undersaturated lavas and tuffs. The eruptive products of Suswa can be clearly divided into two series, which correspond closely to the volcano's eruptive history. The earlier series (C1) includes lavas and tuffs that built the initial shield volcano and erupted during the first caldera collapse; these rocks are dominated by peralkaline, silica-saturated to mildly undersaturated trachyte. The later series (C2) includes lavas and tuffs that erupted within the caldera structure following the initial collapse and during the creation of a second smaller, nested caldera and central "island block"; these rocks are dominated by peralkaline phonolite. Major-, trace-, and thermodynamic-modelling suggest that C1 is the result of protracted fractional crystallization of a fairly "dry" alkali basalt (<1 wt% H2O) under relatively high pressure (400 MPa) and low oxygen fugacity (FMQ to FMQ-1). Although C1 appears to be primarily the result of closed system processes, a variety of open system processes are responsible for C2. We propose that crystallization of C1 trachyte resulted in the formation of a syenitic residue, which was assimilated during a later stage of recharge and differentiation of alkali basalt to produce post-caldera netrachyte. Post-caldera phonolites were in turn the result of fractional crystallization of this ne-trachyte. Later-erupted (ring trench) phonolites, however, are the result of feldspar resorption prompted perhaps by magma recharge as evidenced by reverse zoning in alkali feldspar and linear compatible trace element patterns. This complexity reflects the open-system behavior of East African rift volcanoes, where mafic dikes periodically intrude compositionally evolved shallow magma chambers. Examples of this phenomenon occurred in 2005 in the Afar region of Ethiopia, where an episode of recharge/diking opened a 60 km rupture in the crust, and in 2007, when a magma-driven earthquake swarm struck northern Tanzania for a period of two months and triggered an eruption at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. Similar recharge is thought to have happened recently at Suswa and a number of the adjacent volcanoes based on geodetic (InSAR).


[Objective] To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of forsythoside A, forsythoside B, astragalin,forsythin, arctiin, quercetin and arctigenin in Medicinal and non-medicinal parts of Forsythia suspensa. [Methods] The analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(4.6×100 mm,1.8 μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃.[Results] Forsythoside A, forsythoside B, astragalin, forsythin, arctiin, quercetin and arctigenin were well separated by HPLC and showed a good linearity ranges. The average recoveries of the seven components were 100%, 99.1%, 104%, 104%, 98.4%, 99.0% and 103% and the RSD values were 2.27%, 1.59%, 1.94%, 1.25%, 2.97%, 2.10% and 2.67%, respectively. [Conclusion] A rapid and simple HPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of the seven components in Forsythia suspense, which provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Forsythia suspense.


The main research of this paper is to design a multi-sensor fusion-based vehicle localisation algorithm. In order to achieve long-term robust and drift-free attitude estimation in autonomous driving, this paper proposes a method to fuse global position information with visual and inertial guidance measurement information based on a tightly coupled non-linear optimisation estimator. The vehicle position and the coordinate system of commonly used sensors are first analysed, then the GPS, IMU and visual odometry sensor models and data acquisition principles are divided and a multi-sensor fusion algorithm is designed. The multi-sensor fusion principle is firstly explored, and the multi-sensor fusion algorithm is proposed according to the multi-sensor fusion principle. After elaborating some classical multi-sensor fusion algorithms, a new fusion algorithm is implemented by closely combining the visual inertial odometer with GPS. Finally, the verification part of the GPS/IMU and visual odometer fusion algorithm is designed. A brief introduction to the ROS operating system and the KITTI dataset used for the experiments is given. Then the software architecture is analysed. Finally, the accuracy and robustness of the design is demonstrated by comparing the SLAM system with a single visual feature algorithm and a multi-sensor fusion algorithm with GPS, IMU and visual odometry.