It is widely recognized that future multiprocessor computer architectural concepts must overcome the limitations of traditional metallic buses and backplanes to achieve high overall performance. Problematic interprocessor communications bottlenecks can be found in a broad range of significant applications - from large telecom/datacom switches to multiprocessor signal and image processing applications.


In 2011 there were 3,695 cases of euthanasia, an increase of 18% over the previous year. The figure is double the number in 2006. There were 4 cases of medical negligence, according to the report. One is being investigated by the public prosecutor.


The Raytheon Downhole Information System (RDIS), which is designed to reduce the drilling cost and increase the energy yield of deep geothermal wells, is described. The RDIS consists of a downhole sensor package located just above the drill bit, a telemetry link in the drill string, and a well head data management and control system. The RDIS assists the driller to speed drilling, select the best depth locations for geothermal energy exploitation, and protect against catastrophes. Cost savings for drilling optimization are estimated at 24% for a 15,000 foot well under routine conditions. Even greater savings may accrue for catastrophe prevention. The telemetry link operates at an extremely low electromagnetic carrier frequency because propagation occurs directly through the earth. The resulting bit rates, 1 to 10 Hz, are adequate, however, because drilling is characterized by very long time constants, and sensor package data is efficiently preprocessed downhole. Sensors and telemetry units must withstand temperatures in excess of 200/sup 0/C. Studies and tests suggest that a goal of 275/sup 0/C is achievable with modest improvement in available solid state circuitry and power supplies. A three phase development plan is presented to provide a first commercial system in 26 months after start of Phase I field tests.


We demonstrate how the Coulomb blockade of tunneling and the coherent Josephson tunneling of electron pairs can coexist in the same experiment. Measurements were made on a circuit consisting of two dc SQUIDs connected in series, with a gate capacitively coupled to the center electrode. Peaks in the current as a function of bias voltage shifted position with gate voltage in agreement with the theory of resonant Cooper pair tunneling.


Poetry spirit,an invaluable treasure for the nation,the epoch and the individual,is restricted by the external existent environment,which may result in the dilemma when it comes to the returning to Spirit origin in a collective way.An overwhelming as well as impressive torrent of the energetic fresh spirit of poetry emerging from the historical pages collected after the Wenchuan disaster,which indicates a glorious backing of the poetry spirit through the touched traits of human poetry.


Background and aims There is scant literature describing the evolution and management of congenital pleural effusions with most focus on Octreotide.1 We present 15-year case series in a tertiary centre to add to this literature and to contribute to the development of a clinical guideline. Methods Cases were identified from unit and regional abnormality survey databases. We included effusions detected antenatally or developing within 28 days between January 2000 and May 2015. We excluded intra-uterine deaths, still-births, termination of pregnancies and those which resolved antenatally. Data were available for 21/23 eligible cases. ResultsAbstract G402(P) Table 1 All (n = 21) Alive (n = 12) Died (n = 9) Male 13 (62%) 9 (75%) 4 (44%) Gestation (weeks)* 33+2 (25–41) 36+4 (25– 41) 30 (25– 35+6) Birth Weight (g)* 2574 (765–4110) 2865 (765–4110) 1974 g (940–3165) Antenatal Intervention# 7 (33%) 3 (25%) 4 (44%) Bilateral 11 (52%) 6 (50%) 5 (55%) Intubated at birth 11 (52%) 5 (41%) 6 (66%) Chest drains 19 (90%) 10 (83%) 9 (100%) Chylothorax 8/10 Samples (80%) 4/4 Samples (100%) 4/6 Samples (66%) Disability at 2 years 5 (23%) 5 (41%) * Median (range) 43% died, mainly from early respiratory failure (median age at death 1 day) but later deaths occurred up to 57 days. The 83% of babies whose drainage resolved without octreotide or MCT formula, did so at a median age of 4 Days (range <1–9 days).2 babies with chylothorax had outputs that did not spontaneously resolve; 1 was given octreotide at day 10 and both started MCT formula, at 17 and 4 days respectively. Conclusions 83% of survivors had drainage that was self-limiting (lasting 9 days or less, drain outputs < 100 mls/Kg/Day). A second distinct group of confirmed chylothorax had outputs up to 200 mls/Kg/Day, lasting up to 3 weeks. Given this separation between groups we now recommend Octreotide/MCT if drainage persists >9 days. References Das A, Shah PS. Octreotide for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates. In: Shah PS, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2010. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD006388.pub2 Al-Tawil K, Ahmed G, Al-Hathal M, et al. CONGENITAL CHYLOTHORAX. Amer J Perinatol 2000; 17:121–6. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9281 Brissaud O, Desfrere L, Mohsen R, et al. Congenital idiopathic chylothorax in neonates: chemical pleurodesis with povidone-iodine (Betadine). Arch Dis Child – Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003; 88 :F531–3. doi:10.1136/fn.88.6. F531


Intensification of anthropogenic activities in the three riparian countries bordering the shoreline of Lake Victoria is exacerbating eutrophication in the main body of the lake. The present study evaluated the importance of sediments and biological nitrogen fixation as sources of nutrient enrichment into Lake Victoria in Magu, Mwanza and Kayenze bays influenced by different anthropogenic activities, over a period of 7 months. Kayenze Bay is a relatively pristine site, while higher anthropogenic activities occur in the Magu Bay and Mwanza North Bay areas. Sediment cores were retrieved from each sampling site and transported to the laboratory for nutrient concentrations and flux analyses. In situ nitrogen fixation rates also were measured in the water column. The results indicated the sediment–water interface in Magu Bay exhibited significantly higher concentrations of nitrate‐N and a net release of nitrate‐N, compared to Mwanza North Bay and Kayenze Bay (p   0.05). The present study indicated the water column and sediments in Magu Bay and Mwanza North Bay, characterized by high anthropogenic activities are rich in nitrate‐N, ammonium‐N, total nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphate, compared to the relative pristine Kayenze Bay. Anthropogenic activities and sediments may well be important sources of nutrients enrichment to the overlaying waters, thereby enhancing eutrophication of Lake Victoria. Management strategies are required to reduce external releases and internal nutrient fluxes to enhance the lake ecosystem health.


Although a growing number of multi-authored volumes relating to obstetric anesthesia have been appearing in rccent years, this text is u i i ~ i s ~ i a l in being the product of one physician's practice and experience. The advantage of this is 'I uniformity of style and viewpoint that makes for easy reading. The drawback is a single-mindedness of approach to a field which has become more complex as it has been increasingly involved in the wider areas of perinatal medicine and neonatology. The book serves as a useful text and b asic manual for the administration of obstetric anesthesia, without claiming to be a definitive source of reference. Section I on normal pregnancy is concise, makes good LISC o f figures 'ind illustrations, and lives LIP to the author's claim t o avoid "controversy and court safety" in the choice of anesthetic agents and techniques. The chapters on liighrisk pregnancy are informative and exhaustive, including sections on obesity, and '1 timely one on drug abuse. 'Though very sound views are expressed, this is the area where it might be more interesting for the reader to consider alternative or varied forms of therapy, rather than one personal choice. Part 111, which involves chapters on fetal monitoring, newborn resuscitation, prematurity and neonatal emergcncic,s, is w ~ l l p l a n n t d and useful, again making very cffective use of illustrations. As a minor criticism, better proofreading woulcl have been beneficial. All in all, this very comprehensive effort is a welcome addition to the available texts.


nurses holding the Manchester Infirmary certificate went from other institutions to join Q.A.I.M.N.S.R., and twenty to join the T.F.N.S. The Misses Scorgie, Skea, and Peters went to Serbia with the Scottish Women's Hospital. During the past year the following have received the decoration of the Royal Red Cross (Second Class): Miss A. Hills, Miss E. C. Sutton, Miss E. Sloan, Miss M. Gowie, Miss E. Kay, Miss J. Fairgrieve, and Miss J. Prentice.


Nowadays, it is very desirable to obtain the low cost polymeric material with the best material properties. For the best modification of the commodity and construction polymeric materials it is firstly necessary to know the basic material properties. In this study the bending and Charpy impact test specimens were fabricated via a professional FDM 3D printer Fortus 900mc, from company Stratasys, processing ABS-M30 in three build orientation XY, XZ-H and XZ-V. The 3D printed test specimens were examined to compare the effect of layer thickness and building orientation. Tensile test machine Zwick 1456 and impact pendulum Zwick HIT50P were used for bending and Charpy impact tests. Optical microscopy was utilized to perform fractography on impact test specimens to explore the effect of the layer thickness and building orientation on the fracture surface morphology of the failed specimens. This study demonstrates the need for material testing for specific processing as additive manufacturing technologies.


We address the computational challenge of finding the robust sequential change-point detection procedures when the pre- and post-change distributions are not completely specified. Earlier works [1], [2] establish the general conditions for robust procedures which include finding a pair of least favorable distributions (LFDs). However, in the multi-dimensional setting, it is hard to find such LFDs computationally. We present a method based on convex optimization that addresses this issue when the distributions are Gaussian with unknown parameters from pre-specified uncertainty sets. We also establish theoretical properties of our robust procedures, and numerical examples demonstrate their good performance1.


Citramalic acid, the product of enzymatic addition of water to mesaconic and citraconic acid! was discovered, its structure determined, and a method for its preparation described--" almost one hundred years ago. However, it was not until 1965, when research on the stereochemistry of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was under way, that the absolute configuration was determined by correlation of (+ )-citramalic acid with (S)-( + j-mevalolactone.' Optically active citramalic acid has been available through resolution+" and enzymatic synthesis" for some time and recently a number of asymmetric chemical syntheses have appeared;""! of which only two" have been reported to lead to material of acceptable enantiomeric purity. The recent use of citramalic acid as a chiral synthon in prostaglandin synthesis," and the lack of a chemical route to highly enantiomerically pure citramalic acid of either configuration provided the impetus for the present work. We here report the details of an asymmetric synthesis which produces either isomer of dimethyl 2-acetoxycitramalate in over 960/0 enantiomeric excess from optically pure 2-keto-oxathianes la and lb (Scheme 1)13. The 1,3-oxathiane backbone used as a chiral adjuvant is available in enantiomerically pure form from pulegone'! and has been used in our laboratories to make a variety of enantiomerically pure compounds.w" Interestingly, the use of 2a as an intermediate in the synthesis of both isomers of mevalolactone-" provides a further correlation of the absolute configuration of citramalic acid with that of mevalolactone.' The key step in the present asymmetric synthesis is the highly diastereoselective addition of a Grignard reagent to ketones la and lb. These additions proceed in high yield and ca. 1000/0 diastereomeric excess to give 2a and 2b which were cleaved," oxidized, treated with CH2N2, and acetylated to give enantiomers 3a and 3b. It was discovered that under the previously" developed acetylation conditions for tertiary alcohols the present compounds underwent


The evaluation of the reliability of a multistate flow network (MFN) is primarily based on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula> minimal path (MP), which is a special state vector formed by the addition of <italic>d</italic> MPs. The existing algorithm for searching <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula>-MPs for all possible <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula> is based on the addition of MPs and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(d-1)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-MPs to generate <italic>d</italic>-MP combinations. This algorithm always requires extra time for detecting and removing the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-MP combinations with infeasible states, redundant states, and/or duplicates. A more efficient addition-based algorithm is proposed to overcome the obstacles of the existing algorithm. Experiment shows that the proposed new algorithm is up to 14 000 faster than the existing algorithm. The time complexity and demonstration of the proposed algorithm are analyzed and provided using examples.


Tax is a source of domestic financing that is in need to run the national development. This study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of knowledge of the corporate taxpayers for income tax at Manado Small Taxpayer Office. The method of data analysis used in this study is that a simple linear regression to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the taxpayer knowledge had no significant effect on corporate income tax revenues.


In this letter, probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) is performed in the case of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) by combining with orthogonal circulant matrix transform (OCT) precoding. Thanks to the precoding method, one optimized probabilistic distribution is globally implemented across 240 subcarriers by merely one distribution matcher (DM). The proposed probabilistic shaping scheme for OFDM is experimentally demonstrated in a 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) W-band radio-over-fiber (RoF) system using direct-detection (DD), with 20-km single-mode fiber (SMF), and 0.5-m free-space transmission. The experimental results show that, compared to the uniform 64-QAM, there is 1.07-dB shaping gain for system sensitivity at BER of $10^{-4}$ . Meanwhile, it inherits the advantage of flexible capacity granularity from the conventional single-carrier PAS.


Thoroughly Postmodern Milling: The Postmodern Challenge to Technology Education David Hakken, Ph.D. Alice Miller and Hitler's Childhood Ralph Slayton, Ph.D. Modeling and Drawing Botanical Trees Marc Berger, Ph.D. The Case for Course-Integrated Bibliographic Instruction as an Exercise In Critical Thinking Jackie Coughlan Is There a Laser In Your Future? Patrick M. Kelly, Ph.D. Accounting Education and the C.P.A. Exam Dr. Jesse W. Miller, Jr., C.P.A. Optical Computing: Prospects and Lim Hat ions Salahuddin Qazi, Ph.D. The Meaning of the Concept of Drug Abuse Alphonse J. Sa/lett 2


A new framework for the perceptually relevant comparison of figurative images, especially trademark logos is presented in this paper. Images are divided into salient geometric figures such as rectangles, ellipses, and triangles. Parts not fitting into any of those simple classes are represented by their boundaries. The figures are classified, related, and weighted according to their perceptual relevance. For the comparison of two images the figures and the relations are compared independently from each other. For the comparison of single figures a simple measure of similarity based on registration techniques is applied, which is noise tolerant and shows good results for figurative images that have no spatially independent parts. The similarity of the images is then determined by the similarities of the figures and the relations for the best match. The algorithms were tested with a collection of 10 745 trademark images from the UK PTO, with the same set of 24 reference queries that were used to test the ARTISAN System. Each query consists of a query image and a list of relevant images, compiled by experienced trademark examiners. The experiments show that the presented approach allows for a considerable improvement of content based image retrieval in trademark images.


Purpose and research questionsThe main purpose of this study has been to examine cultural appropriation in the music industry and what effects it can give an artist from a brand perspective. Two re ...


Objective To investigate the effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia in chinese children juvenile.Methods 131 cases(262 eyes) of 8~12 years-old patients with myopia ranged from-0.50 D to-4.00 D were randomly divided into four groups.The control group wore single vision glass and the 3 experiment groups wore add +1.50 D,+2.00 D and +2.50 D progressive lenses respectively.Refraction,corneal curvature,axial length,intraocular pressure,Far(monocular estimate method,MEM) and Add MEM were measured in each patient.All the subjects were followed up every 6 months for a period of 18 months.The data on 18 months were analyzed by using SPSS.Results After wearing the glasses for 18 months,the refraction,axial length and intraocular pressure of 4 groups significantly increased comparing with the baseline examination,and corneal curvature had no distinct difference.Far MEM increased in Add +1.50D group,the difference was statistic significant,while it had no distinct difference in other 3 groups.Add MEM in 3 experiment groups were similar.The growth of ocular axial length were significantly less in control group than 3 experiment groups.The other parameters(refraction,corneal curvature,intraocular pressure and Far MEM) among the 4 groups,Add MEM among 3 experiment groups had no distinct difference.Conclusion There was no evidence that myopia progression was retarded by wearing progressive addition lenses,either in terms of refractive error or axial length.


Aiming at the problem that comes out easily in the process of erecting with multi-stage cylinder, the implementation of dynamic simulation in the process of erecting with multi-stage cylinder was researched, and the software and hardware environment in the simulation were introduced, and VC++6.0 development environment and graphic hardware interface OpenGL were adopted, and the mathematical model of erecting system with multi-stage cylinder was constructed, and at the same time, the simulation's designation method and program frame based on OpenGL were given out. Simulation results show that this system can depict out the details in the process of erecting with multi-stage cylinder and satisfy the real time requirement in the dynamic simulation.


To Bend but Not Break: Adult Views on Resilience Ann Korn Antioch University Seattle Seattle, Washington A universal definition of resilience does not exist amongst researchers in the social sciences, making comparisons between studies nearly impossible. Added to this dilemma is that researchers hold divergent theories regarding the origin of resilience, whether it is a static trait across the span of a lifetime or more fluid phenomenon in response to life experience. Furthermore, the importance of resilience and the question of its commonality among individuals continue to be debated. A common thread, however, weaves through research: participants in the studies have not been asked for their views. A gap of understanding about the meaning and importance of resilience between the participant and the researcher may exist. In an attempt to understand the possibility of a gap in definition between participants and researchers, approximately 1,000 adult employees, from four different departments of a Northwest area hospital were sent an online, anonymous survey asking for personal views on resilience. The survey contained broad demographic questions. The survey had six additional questions; three were Likertstyle and three were narrative in style. The responses were analyzed for the entire sample, by age, by gender and by two broad categories of ethnicity. A total of 348 survey responses were completed and analyzed. A wide range of ages were represented. Women


Study design, materials and methods A retrospective chart review was performed to analyze the anatomical outcome of RMS with absorbable sutures in the treatment of symptomatic POP. All patients underwent history, review of prior pelvic surgeries, and physical examination including pelvic examination using the POP-Q system. In cases of bladder involvement, a standing voiding cystourethrogram and urodynamic testing with vaginal pack reduction of the prolapse was also performed (1). Pelvic MRI was ordered selectively in cases of POP recurrence. Indication for RMS over vaginal repair surgery was based on patient preference along with BMI (≤30), absence of major prior abdominal surgeries, age less than 80, or desire to retain sexual activity. RMS was done with Marlex® mesh and absorbable 2-0 polyglactin sutures to anchor the mesh to the vaginal walls and apex. Patients were followed post-operatively at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months and yearly thereafter for evidence of immediate or delayed complications, and for evaluation of the durability of the repair. The Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and a one global quality of life (QoL) questionnaire based on a visual analogue scale (range 0 excellent to 10 terrible) were obtained routinely at all office visits before and after surgery.


To conform to the modernization development of the West minority nationality regions,it's necessary to shape corresponding modern personality.The thesis demonstrates the trait of modern personality and the feasibility of shaping it in the West regions,and propounds some fundamental ideas.


Abstract Poor sleep quality and malnutrition are two common symptoms which are closely related to the health of middle-aged and older people, but few studies focus on the association between them. In this study, we aimed to identify associations between sleep quality and nutritional status in middle-aged and older adults. A total of 6792 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and older from the baseline of the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study were analyzed in the present study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Scores <=5, 6-10,11-15 and >=16 were categorized as good/mild impaired/moderate impaired/severe impaired sleep quality, respectively. Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) was used to assess the nutritional status and a score<12 was identified as at risk of malnutrition. Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the associations. Of 6792 participants (mean age 62.41 ± 8.26 years, 62.49% women), 1831 (26.96%) had risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of participants with good/mild impaired/moderate impaired/severe impaired sleep quality were 53.72%, 35.54%, 9.61%, and 1.12%, respectively. In the logistic regression model, there were significant association between mild/moderate/severe impaired sleep quality and the presence of risk of malnutrition (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.32, 1.68; OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.79, 2.59; OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.56, 4.06; all p<0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. Sleep quality was significantly associated with malnutrition risk with a dosage effect among middle-aged and older adults. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining good sleep quality and nutritional status in middle-aged and older adults.


Boundary layer atmospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) are commonly observed across polar sea ice regions following polar sunrise. During March-April 2005 in Alaska, the coastal site of Barrow and inland site of Atqasuk experienced ODEs (O 3 10 nmol mol -1 ) concurrently for 31% of the observations, consistent with large spatial scale ozone depletion. However, 7% of the time ODEs were exclusively observed inland at Atqasuk. This phenomenon also occurred during one of nine flights during the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX), when atmospheric vertical profiles at both sites showed near-surface ozone depletion only at Atqasuk on 28 March 2012. Concurrent in-flight BrO measurements made using nadir scanning differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) showed the differences in ozone vertical profiles at these two sites could not be attributed to differences in locally occurring halogen chemistry. During both studies, backward air mass trajectories showed that the Barrow air masses observed had interacted with open sea ice leads, causing increased vertical mixing and recovery of ozone at Barrow and not Atqasuk, where the air masses only interacted with tundra and consolidated sea ice. These observations suggest that, while it is typical for coastal and inland sites to have similar ozone conditions, open leads may cause heterogeneity in the chemical composition of the springtime Arctic boundary layer over coastal and inland areas adjacent to sea ice regions.


The effect of physical activity over cardiovascular risk reduction by means of weight control Obesity is a complex ailment that has reached worldwide epidemic proportions and plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. In 2005, 40.5% of US adults were physically inactive (sedentary), a year before the prevalence of obesity in the same population was 32.1% (a 37.8% increase in a decade). There are only few published papers on the effect of physical activity (PA) on the initial weight loss and its maintenance after at least 1 year. The evidence indicates that the effect of energy spent through PA, increases weight loss, improves the maintenance of the weight lost after a period of at least 2 years, decreases the lean mass lost as a consequence of weight loss intervention, improves the control of energy intake and does not affect the short term compensatory increase in energy intake. Successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance programs include an increase in PA. It is necessary to conduct weight loss and weight loss maintenance randomized controlled trials which include increases in PA before, during and after restriction of energy intake, and all combinations in order to determine the contribution of each individual effect.


Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from plants function as airborne signals for communications between plants. We discuss possible uses of plant–plant communication systems using genetically modified plants emitting VOCs for pest control.


During the last decade, many books and articles were published on the situation of the Kurds in the Middle East. This is a testimony to the fact that there is a growing interest in understanding th...


The computer-simulated results of many interesting phenomena occur in a magnetically levitated dynamical system with a single degree of freedom have been previously reported by the authors. For the experimental study, an apparatus is constructed, composed of an arm swinging in the vertical plane and installed on a vertical shaker. The arm is levitated at one end by means of a repulsing pair of permanent magnets and the other end is supported by a bearing. When the shaker is harmonically excited, the arm exhibits ordinary harmonic vibration, many kinds of subharmonic vibrations, aperiodic motions and bifurcations. Some aperiodic motions are identified as chaos by means of the Poincare map and FFT analysis. The results satisfactorily agree with the simulated results, thus proving that the computer-simulated results are realistic and that a new dynamic model in which chaotic motion occurs has been discovered.


Combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol is one type of combination in tablet antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflamatory, that can result potentiation effects to relieve pain, reduce fever and inflamation. The purpose of this research is to find alternative methods of determine the amount of a mixture ibuprofen and paracetamol in tablet dosage using volumetric An alternative method used in determining the amount of ibuprofen in alkalimetry with titrant sodium hydroxide solution, paracetamol which will not influence and paracetamol determined with nitrimetri using sodium nitrite as a titrant. From the research results obtained amount of ibuprofen and paracetamol in tablet dosage for each Bimacyl 106,18% ± 0,55% dan 98,49% ± 1,08%, Iremax 100,93% ± 0,59% and 96,51% ± 3,12%, Neo Rheumachyl 105,10% ± 0,89% and 94,52% ± 1,00%, Oskadon SP 104,33% ± 1,35% and 98,74% ± 0,72%, From the results of tested the validity of the method used gives results of accuracy and precision that is acceptable, the percent recovery for ibuprofen 99.07% (RSD = 1.91%) and 99.81% (RSD=1.13) for paracetamol. The result showed that amount of ibuprofen and paracetamol in tablet was fulfilled requirement of Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV 1995, not less than 90.0 percent and not more than 110.0 percent of the labeled amount.


Collection and cooking of wild vegetables have provided seasonal enjoyments for Japanese local people as provisioning and cultural ecosystem services. However, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011 caused extensive radiocesium contamination of wild vegetables. Restrictions on commercial shipments of wild vegetables have been in place for the last 10 years. Some species, including buds of Aralia elata, are currently showing radiocesium concentrations both above and below the Japanese reference level for food (100 Bq/kg), suggesting that there are factors decreasing and increasing the 137Cs concentration. Here, we evaluated easy-to-measure environmental variables (dose rate at the soil surface, organic soil layer thickness, slope steepness, and presence/absence of decontamination practices) and the 137Cs concentrations of 40 A. elata buds at 38 locations in Fukushima Prefecture to provide helpful information on avoiding collecting highly contaminated buds. The 137Cs concentrations in A. elata buds increased significantly with increases in the dose rate at the soil surface. Meanwhile, the 137Cs concentration in A. elata buds were not reduced by decontamination practices. These findings suggest that measuring the latest dose rate at the soil surface at the base of A. elata plants is a helpful way to avoid collecting buds with higher 137Cs concentrations and aid in the management of species in polluted regions.


Background:  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a quantitative or functional defect in C1‐esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH). Patients with this deficiency present with episodes of angioedema which can be life‐threatening. Studies examining HAE and pregnancy are scarce with little known about the interrelationship between the two.


Diarrhea is one of health problems in the developing world, including in indonesia. Attitude mother toddlers to realize that posyandu is the main case to helping health problems and participation mother in health program communities can be increase the health of the family. The purpose of this research is to find out the correlation of attitudes and participation mother in posyandu with the occurance diarrhea in toddlers.
This research uses descriptive - analytic method with cross sectional research design with 161 respondents. The research was carried out in Desember 2013. The respondents was took from every village and sampling method using propotional random sampling.
The results of get rate occurrence diarrhea in toddlers in posyandu natar village of 62,7%. There is a correlation between attitude of mother with the occurrence diarrhea in toddlers (p-value 0,001). There is a correlation between participation mother in posyandu with the occurance diarrhea in toddlers (p-value 0,001). A conclusion in this research is the attitude of mother and participation mother in posyandu have correlation with the occurrence diarrhea in toddlers.
Keywords: Attitude of mother, diarrhea, participation mother in posyandu


This paper investigates the asymptotical stabilization of the time-invariant and the time-varying Port-Hamiltonian (PH) systems via a new kinetic energy-shaping (KES) method. Firstly, a desired kinetic energy function is designed for the non-trivial points. Secondly, applying the KES method to the Hamiltonian function with the desired kinetic energy function builds some matching equations. Thirdly, solving those equations yields some asymptotically stabilized controllers. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


We report on the structural and optical properties of (In,Ga)AsN self-assembled quantum dots grown on GaP (001) substrate. A comparison with nitrogen free (In,Ga)As system is presented, showing a clear modification of growth mechanisms and a significant shift of the photoluminescence spectrum. Low temperature carrier recombination dynamics is studied by time-resolved photoluminescence, highlighting a drastic reduction of the characteristic decay-time when nitrogen is incorporated in the quantum dots. Room temperature photoluminescence is observed at 840 nm. These results reveal the potential of (In,Ga)AsN as an efficient active medium monolithically integrated on Si for laser applications.


Pubilc utility industries including the electric utility industry are facing a new stream of privatization com-petition with the private sector and deregulation. The necewssity to solve now and in the future power supply and demand problems has been increasing through the sophisticated generation expansion plan(GEP) approach con-sidering not only KEPCo's supply-side resources but also outside resources such as non-utility generation(NUG) demand-side management (DSM). Under the environmental situation in the current electric utility industry a new approach is needed to acquire multiple resources competitively. This study presents the development of a modified electric generation expansion analysis system(EGEAS) model with avoided cost based on the existing EGEAS model which is a dynamic program to develope an optimal generation expansion plan for the electric utility. We are trying to find optimal GEP in Korea's case using our modified model and observe the difference for the level of reliabilities such as the reserve margin(RM) loss of load probability(LOLP) and expected unserved energy percent(EUEP) between the existing EGEAS model and our model. In addition we are trying to calculate avoided cost for NUG resources which is a criterion to evaluate herem and test possibility of connection calculation of avoided cost with GEP implementation using our modified model. The results of our case study are as follows. First we were able to find that the generation expansion plan and reliability measures were largely influenced by capacity size and loading status of NUG resources, Second we were able to find that avoided cost which are criteria to evaluate NUG resources could be calculated by using our modified EGEAS model with avoided cost. We also note that avoided costs were calculated by our model in connection with generation expansion plans.


Zoledronate ability to inhibit protein prenylation marked the possibility to prevent degranulation process. Here we investigate the effect of zoledronate on RBL-2H3 cells degranulation and elucidate exocytosis proteins affected with comparison to clodronate. Histamine release on RBL-2H3 cells after zoledronate or clodronate administration was measured using HPLC-fluorometry. DNP-BSA, ionomycin, or thapsigargin are used as secretagogues. Calcium (Ca2+) influx observation was performed using Fura-2 A/M. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) is used to investigate Rab27a-Doc2a interaction after BPs treatment. Granule distribution was observed with FFN206 staining. Zoledronate prevent degranulation in DNP-BSA-activated cells, with the highest inhibition ~76% at 100 microM. Much of this ability is loss when the activation was performed by ionomycin or thapsigargin. Contrastly, clodronate inhibited in relatively equal level in all secretagogues groups with the maximum inhibition of 20-40% at 100 microM. The drugs activity is not affected the Ca2+ influx. Rab27a-Doc2a interaction is unchanged after zoledronate and clodronate treatment. Granules were remain inside the cell after secretagogue treatment in zoledronate and clodronate group. Inhibition of degranulation by zoledronate is not intervent the late process in degranulation arranged by Rab27a-Doc2a. Zoledronate could possibly effecting the early stage of degranulation cascade triggered by antigen that involving IgE receptor.


The purpose of this research is to inflation, ihsg, tingkat suku bunga take the influence risk mutual fund companies stock price in Bapepam-LK on 2009-2012. Sampling this researce are quantified by using purposive sampling method and the criterias spesifically based only on 36 companies.Hypothesises in this researce are tested by using analysis. From the result, inflation have significant influences risk mutual fund, ihsg, and tingkat suku bunga didn't give either significant and positive influence to risk mual fund, R square in this research show on 0.325 which mean that the variation of risk mutual fund can be explained inflation, ihsg, tingkat suku bunga in amount of 32.5% while the remaining influence is determined by another variable outside this research. Keywords: risk mutual fund, inflation, ihsg , risk free rate


This paper addresses the question of whether the eff ect of parental drinking on children's later consumption of alcohol – which is frequently found to be of positive sign – exhibits a certain pattern of heterogeneity. In particular, if this eff ect is more prominent in the upper tail than elsewhere in the distribution of children's alcohol consumption, conventional regression analyses that focus on the mean eff ect may substantially underrate parental drinking as a risk factor for children's later alcohol abuse. In our empirical application, we address this issue by applying censored quantile regression methods to German survey data. The supposed pattern of heterogeneity is indeed found in the data, at least for daily parental drinking. In addition, the intergenerational transmission of alcohol consumption exhibits gender-specifi c heterogeneity. JEL Classifi cation: C14, I12, J62


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodworking, particularly, to lumber veneer sheet repair. Claimed device comprises flaw removal male die, mould for the latter to displace through, repair male die to displace synchronously there through, device to feed veneer between flaw removal make die and mould and means to feed veneer between repair male die and mould. Flaw removal male die stroke extends to veneer lever. Fed veneer is composed of a continuous web. Flaw is removed from the device by pressing flaw section into bore made by repair male die in veneer by means of flaw removal male die. EFFECT: decreased consumption of stock. 4 dwg


Little has been published on the Canadian intelligence community. That makes this book an important contribution to understanding of an important partner in the Five Eyes Intelligence Community. Th...


The DICOM standard has been used successfully to exchange medical images for some time. However, the important aspect of image display consistency has mostly been disregarded in the past, which led to inconsistent implementations. This situation is changing now since DICOM has defined a set of services which guarantee the consistency of grayscale images for both hardcopy and softcopy. We have developed a test environment that helps to evaluate the conformance of an implementation of these new services. This environment consists of a set of test images and presentation states for softcopy displays as well as a number of test cases for hardcopy devices. The purpose of each test as well as the expected output are documented. Images and presentation states can also be visualized by means of a reference implementation, a DICOM presentation state and an image viewer that also allows to visualize print jobs. In our experience the services for image display consistency are implementable and work very well, however, there are some small details that can be subject to different interpretations. The test environment does not cover all possible cases but definitely helps making an implementation more conformant with the DICOM standard. The test suite is made available on the Internet as Open Source.


If only from a sense of duty, I have filled the evident lacuna, so as to safeguard the κα⋯ and furnish some little excuse for the copyist (ζ⋯σα κατώρυγμαι, βοηθεῖτε Reiske, ζ. τ⋯θαμμαι, β. Hercher). There remains, however, the melancholy fact that Callirrhoe was consigned to her living grave as a consequence, not of ⋯γων⋯α in any known or imaginable sense of the word, but of a profound swoon produced by a kick from Chaereas; whose foot, says Chariton in his best manner, εὐστ⋯χως κατ⋯ το⋯ διαφρ⋯γματος ⋯νεχθε⋯ς ⋯π⋯σχε τ⋯ς παιδ⋯ς τ⋯ν ⋯ναπνο⋯ν (I 4). I have therefore restored a common word for 'unconsciousness' (the sense is almost technical enough to deserve a place in the dictionaries): cf. II 5 γενομ⋯νην δ⋯ με ἄ φ ω ν ο ν ⋯ξ αἰφνιδ⋯ου πτώματος ἔθαψαν οἱ γονεῖς πολυτελ⋯ς, I 2 ἄφωνος εὐθὺς ἦν κα⋯ σκ⋯τος αὐτ⋯ς τ⋯ν ⋯φθαλμ⋯ν κατεχ⋯θη, I 4 fin. Καλλιρρ⋯η μ⋯ν οὖν ἄφωνους κα⋯ ἄπνους ἔκειτο νεκρ⋯ς εἰκ⋯να π⋯σι παρ⋯χουσα, and so frequently. The same change is imperative at Xen. Eph. III 6 σκηφαμ⋯νη δ⋯ ⋯φων⋯ᾳ (*: τῇ ⋯γων⋯ᾳ cod.) κατειλ⋯θαι, ⋯κ⋯λευσεν αὑτῇ τινι τ⋯ν ὕδωρ ⋯νεγκεῖν. The confusion is simple and occurs, for instance, at Max. Tyr. i, where Markland restored διαφων⋯ας for διαγων⋯ας. As for the sequence ⋯φων⋯ας … ἔρρηξε φων⋯ν, neither the author nor his readers could have even been aware of it: the weakness which deters the modern from the equivalents of ἔδωκεν ⋯ποδο⋯ναι (Lys. XX 7), συν⋯πεμψε παραπ⋯μψοντας (Luc.VH. i 27), παμμ⋯γεθες ⋯λ⋯κον, ταρτ⋯ρειον τ⋯ μ⋯γεθος (Philops. 24), χωρ⋯α δ⋯σιππα πρ⋯ς τ⋯ν ἵππον (Plut. Crass. 19), δυσδ⋯οδον ἔχει τ⋯ν π⋯ροδον (Polyb. V 7, 10), ⋯ποκατ⋯στησαν εἰς τ⋯ν ⋯ρχα⋯αν κατ⋯στασιν (XXIII 17), στελλομ⋯νῳ βασιλεὺς ⋯π⋯στειλεν (Procop. t. iii p. 96, 10–12 Haury), and all their numberless analogues, was to the Greeks foolishness. On that point the judgment of Chariton was as sound as that of Pascal.


In view of the characteristic and existing question of the present projection methods on urban constructive land in China, the grey system theory was be introduced to projection methods on urban constructive land, and the various factors (population, GDP and fixed asset investment) of affecting to urban constructive land was analysed by the degree of correlation. Based on this analysis, a kind of intensive projection method was posed.


The process of speech enhancement tends to decrease the noise with keeping undistorted speech signal amplitude. There are several benefits of speech processing systems which comes with the some challenges. In this paper, we proposed adaptive speech spectrogram approximation (ASSA) technique that used to tackle the de-noising and dereverberation in a single channel speech signal. The model is processed using sparse representation prototype in order to perform the de-noising process, where it remove the noise that present in speech signal more thoroughly.Where matrix factorization and SIFT is used to model the speech signal spectrogram, a time-varying filter is used to minimalize the noise more effectively.The noise adaptive model is implemented via iterative updating parameters in order to approximate the lower reverberant speech signal in a SIFT domain.Afterwards, the proposed ASSA technique compute the variation in estimated speech signal in order to decrease the noise components and to predict the final speech magnitude. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed system it is compared with state-of-art techniques using some performance metrics.


The output models for laser gyro strapdown inertial measurement unit(SIMU) are established,then,multi-position analytic calibration method for high precision laser gyro SIMU under biaxial position turntable is researched,and the pulse equivalent,installation errors and constant drift of laser gyro by positive,negative rotation and four positions cancellation method are calibrated;appling multiple regression analysis method,the accelerometer pulse equivalent,installation error and bias are calibrated;the gyro calibration error aroused by earth rotation rate and angle position reference error of turntable are analyzed;the method to improve gyro assembly's calibration precision is expounded.Appling this calibration scheme to X-type laser SIMU(gyro stability 0.007°/h,accelerometer bias 5×10-5g),one hour static navigation maximal latitude error is 0.13 n mile,longitude error 0.24 n mile,one hour dynamic test position error on vehicle is 0.7723 n mile(CEP).


Experimental investigation of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, utilizing unstable resonators with variable reflectivity dielectric mirrors is presented. We designed flat-convex and confocal unstable resonator. Gaussian and super-Gaussian variable reflection profiles with various mirror spot sizes are used. Comparison between the used resonator schemes is made by measurement of the following laser parameters: energy extraction, near- and far-field intensity distributions. Output energy of 400 - 450 mJ is obtained for different resonators at repetition frequency up to 5 Hz. The advantages of unstable resonators with variable reflectivity mirrors are demonstrated by efficient frequency conversion of the high power Nd:YAG laser.


The total capacity of Jiefangxilu sewage pumping station is 3.5×104 m3/d.It is located in the green belt between the trunk road and the ancient canal,and the smallest width is less than 6.0 m.Because located in central business district(CBD),it is designed in underground form.Some problems and difficulties in design and construction of this station are analyzed.The planning site selection,arrangement form,design features and construction difficulties are discussed.


The leading technologies of the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assist System) are ACC (Advanced Cruise Control), LKAS (Lane Keeping Assist System), and AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking). LKAS is a system that uses cameras and infrared sensors to control steering and return to its running lane in the event of unintentional deviations. The actual test is performed for a safety evaluation and verification of the system. On the other hand, research on the system evaluation method is insufficient when an additional steering angle is applied. In this study, a model using Prescan was developed and simulated for the scenarios proposed in the preceding study. Comparative analyses of the simulation and the actual test were performed. As a result, the modeling validity was verified. A difference between the front wheels and the lane occurred due to the return velocity. The results revealed a maximum error of 0.56 m. The error occurred because the lateral velocity of the car was relatively small. On the other hand, the distance from wheels to the lanes displayed a tendency of approximately 0.5 m. This can be verified reliably.


Presented herein is a matrix method for buckling analysis of general frames based on the Hencky bar-chain model comprising of rigid segments connected by hinges with elastic rotational springs. Unlike the conventional matrix method of structural analysis based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the Hencky bar-chain model (HBM) matrix method allows one to readily handle the localized changes in end restraint conditions or localized structural changes (such as local damage or local stiffening) by simply tweaking the spring stiffnesses. The developed HBM matrix method was applied to solve some illustrative example problems to demonstrate its versatility in solving the buckling problem of beams and frames with various boundary conditions and local changes. It is hoped that this easy-to-code HBM matrix method will be useful to engineers in solving frame buckling problems.


xeona (extensible entity-oriented optimization-based network-mediated analysis) is a new user-extensible, entity-oriented modeling environment (the software itself remains under development) whose principal role is to facilitate robust sustainability policy under conditions of uncertainty. More specifically, xeona is designed to study interconnected resource-transformative systems and industries, at appropriate resolution, in terms of their public interest performance. The method is particularly suited to systems which are decentralized, capacity-constrained, and volatile, and whose primary purpose is to provide physical services as opposed to tangible commodities. Energy systems typically exhibit such characteristics and the current development effort is directed toward this problem domain. The paper describes the logical and physical design of xeona and uses UML (unified modeling language) and C++ pseudo-code to articulate key ideas. Logical design deals with the conceptual model, whereas physical design focuses on implementation issues relative to the deployment environment. The logical design of xeona is fully object-oriented and combines high-resolution system optimization modeling with multi-agent simulation. xeona derives a number of features from the established energy system optimization modeling environment deeco (dynamic energy, emissions, and cost optimization). Intangible entities are central to the method and xeona is generally able to mimic technical control practices, unit commitment protocols, electricity price and dispatch algorithms, primary commodity and carbon markets, and simple contract negotiations. Policy-oriented investigations also require that policy interventions be explicitly captured and supported policy instruments include tax exemptions and accelerated write-downs, explicit subsidies, resource and energy taxes, permit regimes, environmental impact licensing, and incentives to promote modified technical management and/or investment. System performance under normal and extreme external events, including worst-case weather patterns, can be readily tested. Resource entities are classified using exergy analysis to ensure extensibility. Agent entities are limited to synchronous (scheduled) interactions for reasons of simplicity. The logical design enables third-party software and/or external players to be * Author for correspondence. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com.


A directed reaction process based on physico-chemical principles have been designed for producing single-phase 90 {Kappa} zero-resistance superconducting compound YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6.5+{delta}/. The reliability of the process has been well proved by the stability and reproducibility of results in resistance and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of seven samples taken randomly from three batches of products. X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM examinations have identified the product as a single-phase polycrystalline material of orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a = 3.89 A, b = 3.82 A and c = 11.65 A. Many micro-twinned defects were observed under TEM along (110) axes. The nonstoichiometric fraction, {delta} value, was determined using a physico-chemical method.


A complex bio-mechanism, referred to as calcium homeostasis, regulates plasma ionized calcium (Ca++) concentration in the human body to within a narrow physiologic range which is crucial for maintaining normal physiology and metabolism. Various metabolic disorders and pathologic conditions origi∗Address all correspondence to this author. nate from acute and/or chronic disturbances/disorders in calcium homeostatic system. This system relies on numerous subsystems which operate in different time-scales ranging from minutes to weeks. In this thesis we focus on a particular sub-system that operates on the time-scale of minutes; the dynamics involves the response of the parathyroid glands to acute changes in plasma Ca++ concentration. We develop a two-pool, linear timevarying model describing the dynamics of the sub-system. We 1 Copyright c ⃝ 2008 by ASME show that this model can predict dynamics observed in clinical tests of induced hypoand hypercalcemia in normal humans. NOMENCLATURE PTH Parathyroid hormone PTG Parathyroid gland PTHP PTH in plasma pool PTHC PTH in PTC CaP Ionized calcium in plasma pool 25D 25 hydroxy Vitamin D 25DP 25D in plasma pool 1,25D 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D 1,25DP 1,25D in plasma pool DNA Deoxyribonucliec acid RNA Ribonucliec acid mRNA Messenger ribonucliec acid VDR Vitamin D receptor CaR Calcium receptor x1 Amount of parathyroid hormone in PTG pool x1,SS,N Amount of normal PTH in PTG pool x1,SS,Max Amount of maximal steady-state PTH in PTG pool x1,SS,Max Amount of maximal steady-state PTH in PTG pool x1,SS,Min Amount of minimal steady-state PTH in PTG pool x2 Amount of PTH in plasma pool x2,SS,N Amount of normal PTH in plasma pool x2,SS,Max Amount of maximal steady-state PTH in plasma pool x2,SS,Min Amount of minimal steady-state PTH in plasma pool Ca++ Ionized calcium Ca(t) Ionized calcium concentration in plasma pool CaSS,N Normal Ionized calcium concentration in plasma pool t Time τ1 Half-life of PTH in PTG pool τ2 Half-life of PTH in plasma pool λ1 Decay rate constant of PTH in PTG pool λ2 Clearance rate constant of PTH in plasma pool λCa(t) secretion rate function of PTH from PTG pool INTRODUCTION Calcium homeostasis refers to a complex bio-mechanism that regulates plasma ionized calcium (Ca++) concentration in the human body to within a narrow physiologic range which is crucial for maintaining normal physiology and metabolism. Plasma Ca++ plays a vital role in normal functioning of muscles, nerves, platelets, neutrophils, and coagulation factors, cell growth, cell division, secretion of hormones and other regulators [1], and mineralization of bones [2]. This complex biosystem comprises numerous sub-systems interconnected via positive and negative feedback pathways. Various metabolic disorders and pathologic conditions originate from acute and/or chronic disturbances/disorders in the calcium homeostasis. They can be caused by any one or a combination of the following factors: a) changes in plasma Ca++ levels and/or vitamin D levels by a physiologically significant amount, b) impaired synthesis and/or secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and c) pathological conditions of parathyroid glands and kidneys. These disorders may affect normal bone remodeling process causing various metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, a major public health concern in the United States [3,4], besides causing many other abnormalities and disease conditions (eg., primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism). The present understanding of calcium homeostasis and its disorders is based on the traditional approach of biological and medical science which involves discovering various signaling pathways, identifying critical bio-markers, and employing statistical analysis. However, calcium homeostasis is a sophisticated bio-system where numerous sub-systems interact at different time-scales. A perturbation in one sub-system has corresponding effects in the interconnected sub-systems and these in turn have effects on the other sub-systems. These cascade-effects propagate in positive and negative feedback pathways in multiple directions. It becomes impractical, if not impossible, to keep track of all of these interactions in order to derive an understanding of the bio-system as a whole using the traditional approach. Systems biology, an emerging science, relies on the integration of mathematical models for individual sub-systems into a single model, enabling us to study the effects of disturbances in the various inputs, pools and processes of the overall bio-system. We took the systems biology approach in our overall calcium homeostasis modeling efforts. In this paper, we first developed a qualitative model of the overall bio-system in a normal human. We then focus on the sub-system that involves the acute dynamical interaction between plasma Ca++ and PTH (called Ca-PTH axis for ease of notation). This model can successfully predict dynamics observed in clinical tests of induced hypoand hypercalcemic clamp tests. QUALITATIVE MODEL OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS A detailed qualitative model describing the interactions between various components and signalling pathways of calcium homeostasis is presented in this section. The intestine, bone, kidney, and plasma are the four major pools of Ca++ in the human body. The average total plasma calcium concentration in the human body is 2.1-2.6 mmol/L [5]. At normal physiological state, about 1.1-1.3 mmol/L is ionized calcium, 0.9-1.1 mmol/L is protein-bound calcium, 0.18 mmol/L is complexed calcium and 180 nmol/L is intracellular free calcium [5]. The ionized form of calcium, which is just 0.5% of the total body calcium, is metabolically active and tightly regulated by the homeostatic system. The condition when Ca++ level falls below the normal 2 Copyright c ⃝ 2008 by ASME range is called hypocalcemia and the condition when it climbs above the normal range is called hypercalcemia. An overall daily Ca++ balance in the plasma of a healthy adult is maintained by fluxes of calcium between the plasma and the intestine, bone and kidney (for details see [6]). The fluxes are actively regulated by two chief hormones: the metabolically active form of vitamin D and PTH. The metabolism and regulation of vitamin D and PTH are presented in the next sections, respectively. Vitamin D Metabolism and Regulation The general steps in the metabolism of vitamin D are shown in Fig. 1 (the presentation here follows the detailed exposition in [7]). There are two sources of vitamin D in the human body: daily diet and skin. Daily diet provides vitamin D2 (er7-dehydro cholesterol


type="short"> This agenda item belongs to a section headed: Classifying And Overseeing Secrets In The Eu, which also includes Overseeing Secrets in the EU: A Democratic Perspective by Deirdre Curtin (DOI: 10.1 111/jcms.12123 )


The subject of this thesis is the extraction of sentiment in texts using machine learning techniques, classification of textual information and other texts for training them. Afterwards, α web application that utilizes these models is presented. This application was deνeloped to allow people to do manual text eνaluation in order to classify the experiments on the reliability of the results they exported.


Cobalt surface oxides were grown on Pt(111) by depositing Co and dosing with molecular oxygen at temperatures ranging between 300 and 740 K. Oxidation of 1 monolayer (ML) Co results in a two-dimensional (2D) moir\'e structure, observed using both low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy and interpreted as a polar (oxygen terminated) CoO(111) atomic bilayer. It is expanded by 2.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6% in the surface plane with respect to bulk CoO. An almost-flawless moir\'e pattern is obtained after a final step of annealing at 740 K in oxygen. Insufficient oxidation leads to defects in the moir\'e pattern, consisting of triangular dislocation loops of different sizes; the smaller ones occupy half of the moir\'e cell. Low-temperature annealing (450 K) can be used to create a zigzag phase, which is mainly observed in 1-ML-thick areas after several cycles of Co deposition (1 ML each) and oxidation at 10\ensuremath{-}7 mbar. The CoO films obtained by deposition/oxidation cycles exhibit Stranski-Krastanov growth; the structure of the 2D layer between the islands depends on the thermal treatment. It exhibits the moir\'e pattern after annealing at 740 K, whereas the zigzag phase was observed after low-temperature annealing. The second monolayer consists of a moir\'e pattern different from that of the first layer, presumably a wurtzite-like structure. Above the third layer, we observe only small three-dimensional islands, which exhibit a bandgap. We have also studied oxidation of surface alloys obtained by depositing Co and annealing. On these surfaces, we found a quasi-(3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 3) reconstruction. Structure models are presented for all phases observed, and we argue that some of the moir\'elike structures might be useful as templates for metal cluster growth.


: period abnormal driving behaviors observation might be an anchor to improving driving safety. Existing works on driving behaviors observation using smart phones only supply a coarse-grained result i.e. characteristic abnormal driving behaviors from normal ones to boost drivers' awareness of their driving habits therefore on stop potential car accidents, we would like to think about a fine-grained observation approach, that not only detects abnormal driving behaviors but in addition identifies specific varieties of abnormal driving behaviors i.e. Weaving, Swerving, side slippery fast reversion, Turning with a large radius and sudden braking. Through empirical studies of the 6-month driving traces collected from real driving environments, we tend to discover that everyone among the six forms of driving behaviors have their distinctive patterns on acceleration and orientation. Recognizing this observation, we tend to further propose a fine-grained abnormal Driving behavior Detection and identification system to perform real-time high-accurate abnormal driving behaviors observation using smart phone sensors. We tend to extract effective choices to capture the patterns of abnormal driving behaviors. After that, a pair of machine learning ways, rash driving, or officially driving under the Influence (DUI) of alcohol, can be a serious reason for traffic accidents throughout the globe. In this, we tend to tend to propose an extraordinarily efficient system geared toward early detection and alert of dangerous vehicle maneuvers typically related to rash driving. The whole solution wants only a mobile placed in vehicle and with accelerometer device. A program installed on the mobile automatically computes accelerations supported detector readings, and compares them with typical rash driving patterns extracted from real driving tests. Once any proof of rash driving is present, the mobile will automatically alert the driver or sends a message to predefined number in application for help well before accident actually happens.[1] In this paper, we present a highly efficient mobile phone based rash driving detection system. The mobile phone that is placed within the vehicle collects and analyzes the information from its accelerometer sensors to observe any abnormal and sends a message for help. We tend to address the problem of acting abnormal driving behaviors detection (coarse-grained) and identification (fine-grained) to enhance driving safety. During this paper, we tend to propose a system, to observe and determine specific kinds of abnormal driving behaviors by sensing the vehicle's acceleration and orientation using Smartphone sensors. Compared with existing abnormal driving detection systems, not only implements coarse-grained detections but additionally conducts fine-grained identifications.


Objective:To sutdy the influence of blood circulation Tongqiao thorn moxibustion in treating vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis of vertebral-basilar artery hemodynamics by transcranial Doppler (TCD).Methods:One hundred and seventy-six cases of vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into Huoxue Tongqiao thorn moxibustion group and oral administration of flunarizine group,index changes of the two groups were observed with TCD. Results:Both the two groups can improve blood flow dynamics of vertebral-basilar artery. Conclusion:It is reliable for Huoxue Tongqiao thorn moxibustion in treatment of vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis.


DNA tests conducted in 1995 ied to the exoneration of Guy Paul Morin for the 1984 sex-slaying of nine-year-old Christine Jessop. This paper provides an overview of the DNA tests conducted in the case, up to and including those that excluded Guy Paul Morin as a possible source of spermatozoa found on the deceased's under- wear. Previous attempts to derive a DNA profile for the spermatozoa were hampered by a potent inhibitor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR inhibition was eventually overcome by pretreating the samples with thiopropyl Sepharose 6B beads and supplementing the PCR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and additional Taq polymerase. This strategy may prove useful for other cases in which PCR amplification is inhibited.


Linearized state-dependent and central Jastrow correlated trial wavefunctions are used to study the ground state of spin-isospin saturated p-shell nuclei with V4-type forces. We extend the variational Monte Carlo method to incorporate this kind of operatorial correlation by introducing only minor changes with respect to the case of central correlations. Very good energies are obtained with this wavefunction for the nuclei studied. Finally, a discussion of the role of the different correlation mechanisms included in this trial wavefunction is performed in terms of both the momentum distribution and the one- and two-particle densities in position space.


The paper presents application of the intelligent mapping software-SmartPlant P&ID in domestic oil refining project. It is involved in the function, management and application of the software. The traditional PID design flow is changed, and a new flow of SmartPlant P&ID and responsible person are proposed. It is helpful to improve design quality and efficiency of a project.


According to practice experiences,the article makes a relative detailed conclusion on general dealing rules and technic points on landslide of highway tunnel.Combining specific landslide cases,it analyzes situation and reasons of landslide,and adopts relative dealing scheme.The results proves to be satisfied.


ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in both men and women. Nowadays, several methods are used to cure this cancer including surgery and radiotherapy. These methods require prior knowledge about the shape of tumours. This type of knowledge may also help physicians to determine the cancer type. In this paper we propose a novel approach for 3D reconstruction of tumour geometry from a sequence of 2D images. The proposed approach consists of two phases: tumour segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images and 3D shape reconstruction. Segmentation is conducted using snake optimisation and Gustafson–Kessel clustering. For 3D reconstruction, first, we propose a new approach to interpolate some intermediate slices between original slices. Then, the well-known marching cubes algorithm is used for surface reconstruction. Eventually, we smoothen the surface using an explicit fairing algorithm. Experiments show that our new approach can highly improve the quality and the accuracy of the reconstructed tumour shape.


To provide an actuarial basis for the long-term care security system, and to research health state transition probability and the size of population with long-term care demand. MethodsBased on actuarial theory to construct transition probability matrixes, adopt the Markov process with transition intensities as piecewise constants to forecast the size of population needing long-term care. Innovation-The transition probability matrixes based on the actuarial theory can avoid the subjectivity of variable selection in the common regression analysis method; the piecewise constant Markov method can overcome the defect that the Markov time invariant hypothesis is not in conformity with the reality of health state varying with age. ResultsIn the coming decade, the number of disabled population in China will be increased to 1.5 times the current number, and the number of female disabled population will be around 2 times that of male disabled population; the women who are advanced in age and poor in health are the main group with a demand for long-term care in the future. Significance-This study is beneficial to the accumulation of basic information for the construction of China's long-term care security system for the elderly, thereby, providing a decision basis for the government to develop an aging strategy. Keywords—Long-term Care; State Transition Matrix; Markov Process; Piecewise Constant Probability


A hydrostatic steering unit was designed for agricultural tractor and its performance was evaluated at different values of front wheel inflation pressure and toe-in under stationary condition. In field condition, tests were performed at different values of front wheel inflation pressure, toe-in, front axle load and forward speeds. The hydrostatic steering performance was also compared with that of mechanical steering under the above conditions. The steering effort of hydrostatic steering was observed to be only 1/8th of the mechanical steering.


Deng Xiao-ping founds the theory of distribution according to work the core of which is persisting in the distribution principle of "giving priority to distribution according to work and the manifold distribution form commonly existing" in light of the property, characteristic and development of our socialist society in the new historical period of socialist construction, which enriches and develops Marxist doctrine of distribution according to work.


where f : R → R is sufficiently differentiable. We denote its exact flow by φt. Φh will refer to a numerical one-step method with step-size h. The adjoint method Φh of a method Φh is the inverse map of the original method with reversed time step −h, i.e., Φh := Φ −1 −h. In other words, y1 = Φh(y0) is implicitly defined by Φ−h(y1) = y0. A method for which Φ∗h = Φh is called symmetric. Note that φ−1 −t = φt, but in general Φ ∗ h = Φ −1 −h 6= Φh. The adjoint method satisfies (Φh) = Φh and (Φh ◦Ψh) = Ψh ◦ Φh.


The desire to avoid unnecessary costs inherent in the traditional methodology of creating relational databases, not only at the stages of conceptual and logical design, but also at the stage of physical design, has actualized the task of developing a database schema that is invariant to subject domains. The main developed and distinguishing elements of this scheme are as follows: composition, structure of the basic relations; implementation of integrity constraints; means ensuring the database security.


Arctic Haze event was observed on 5-8 April 2015 using simultaneously Near-range Aerosol Raman Lidar of IGFUW and Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar of AWI, both based at AWIPEV German-French station in Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen. The alterations in particle abundance and altitude of the aerosol load observed on following days of the event is analyzed. The daytime profiles of particle optical properties were obtained for both lidars, and then served as input for microphysical parameters inversion. The results indicate aerosol composition typical for the Arctic Haze. However, in some layers, a likely abundance of aqueous aerosol or black carbon originating in biomass burning over Siberia, changes measurably the Arctic Haze properties.


Distributed estimation of a parameter vector in a network of sensor nodes with ambiguous measurements is considered. The ambiguities are modelled by following a set-theoretic approach, that leads to each sensor employing a non-convex constraint set on the parameter vector. Consensus can be used to reach an estimate consistent with the measurements of all nodes, assuming that such an estimate exists, but unfortunately, such an approach leads to a non-convex problem. Using proper assumptions, the considered problem is decomposed into two sub-problems, where one is well studied in literature and the other is modelled as a non-cooperative game. An exact potential function is derived for this game, and an algorithm for its solution is given. Numerical results, consistent with the theoretical findings, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.


The compound kernel function method based on statistic learning theory is used in an attempt to find a better approach.The experimental results obtained from using the SeaBAM data set show that the error of this method is the lowest.Compared with neural networks and twelve traditional empirical methods,the problems of over fitting and network structure design are avoided,and the method presented in this paper seems to be more promising.


This paper establishes a rationale for international public relations courses in the curricula of university public relations education in the U.S. and outlines the content of such courses. Disagreements between practitioners and educators on a blueprint for public relations education are documented. Developments pointing to a crucial need for expanded U.S. public relations curricula are noted, such as increasing capabilities of satellite communication and the increasingly transnational nature of business. Public relations curricula should include international courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. International public relations courses should address: (1) the history and development of public relations in other cultures; (2) the practice and function of public relations abroad, emphasizing differences between U.S. and non-U.S. practices; (3) the internal and external dynamics of multinational corporations as well as the problems and difficulties of U.S. corporate public relations abroad; (4) comparative legal, political, and ethical dimensions of public relations practice at home and abroad; (5) the history, organization, practice, and professional operations of the media abroad; (6) public relations aspects of major international political, diplomatic, cultural, and socioeconomic developments; and (7) the various international organizations that provide resources for public relations practitioners. (Contains approximately 65 references.) (JDD) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** EASTERN MICTIGAN TINPIALVEgr Thirteenth Annual EMU Conference on Language and Communication for World Business and the Professions April 14 16, 1994 Ypsilanti, Michigan PAPERS ON INTERNATIONALIZING BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION U.S. Public Relations from an International Perspective: Curricular Issues and Objectives Cornelius B. Pratt Michigan State University Chris W. Ogbondah The University of Northern Iowa FERMISSON TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BV _Geo ffreytt, Vo_ght_ Eastern MI Univ TO THE EDUCATIONAL FIESOUNuf INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC' U 5 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ,".r I 1.or al.,. Resew( h .nc t DUCAT .ORAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (Esc, Eel lie dowrennt has been reproduced as fn, p,ed hom the somson Or orgaruzation U MIMI! ( Ilantr5 bare beer, m2d0 to onto ttla, ( POI Will( h1Oft quality P,o,o, ut ver, to opinions ,,iated in this 41. omps.1 drr nil ro+1esr.atily represent nIt al O4 111pcoollon ro policy BEST COPY AVAILABLE U.S. Public Relations from an International Perspective: Curricular Issues and Objectives Cornelius B. Pratt Michigan State University Chris W. Ogbondah The University of Northern Iowa Presented at the 13th Annual Conference on Languages and Communication for World Business and the Professions, Radisson on the Lake Hotel and Eastern Michigan University Corporate Education Center, April 13-16, 1994.


This paper describes an operational emergency vehicle location system in Toronto. The system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers that provide low cost information and solid state rate gyros that can be used for dead reckoning.


Scope: Acquire imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) datasets of proteins on human kidney tissue with ~12 μ m spatial resolution. Expected Outcome: Visualize the proteins distribution localizing to physiological regions within the human kidney by generating ion images of multiply charged protein peaks.


Abstract Development of stretchable wearable devices requires essential materials with high level of mechanical and electrical properties as well as scalability. Recently, silicone rubber-based elastic polymers with incorporated conductive fillers (metal particles, carbon nanomaterials, etc.) have been shown to the most promising materials for enabling both high electrical performance and stretchability, but the technology to make materials in scalable fabrication is still lacking. Here, we propose a facile method for fabricating a wearable device by directly coating essential electrical material on fabrics. The optimized material is implemented by the noncovalent association of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), carbon black (CB), and silicon rubber (SR). The e-textile sensor has the highest gauge factor (GF) up to 34.38 when subjected to 40% strain for 5,000 cycles, without any degradation. In particular, the fabric sensor is fully operational even after being immersed in water for 10 days or stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Our study provides a general platform for incorporating other stretchable elastic materials, enabling the future development of the smart clothing manufacturing.


This paper discusses the opportunity and problems that mineral products in present situation are produced and sold well;the benefit of mine enterprise,the fixed mining investment and the amount of mineral imports and exports increase greatly and quickly.Some countermeasures on economy transformation are put forward based on international experiences in this paper.


Housing and its indoor environment influence its inhabitants' comfort, productivity, and health. For this reason, it is becoming increasingly important to investigate the factors that affect indoor environmental quality. Thus, numerous sustainability assessment systems have been developed to evaluate building performance. This paper presents a model for evaluating the indoor environment of housing located in the Biobio region of Chile, integrating aspects that influence its overall quality. The research methodology proposes a strategy to identify appropriate evaluation criteria and contextualized standards. The application of the model made it possible to identify the level of performance of studio dwellings for each category, namely air quality, thermal comfort, acoustics, and lighting, as well as the overall evaluation of the IEQ. The results reflect that the lowest levels of performance in the three houses were with respect to the acoustic evaluation criteria, while the highest levels of performance were for the air quality evaluation criteria.


This article links up with recent discussions of the strategy/economics nexus. In contrast to most of the proponents and opponents of economics in strategy thinking, a balanced pluralist perspective is adopted. According to this, a discipline should strike a balance between the generation of new theoretical alternatives and the selection among them. Applying this general idea, I argue that the strategy field is too pluralistic, and that the unfortunate consequences of excessive pluralism and eclecticism may be remedied by economics playing a larger role in the conversation of strategy researchers. This does not necessarily mean standard neoclassical economics or new industrial organization economics; evolutionary economics, for example, is a serious contender, too. the evolution of Michael Porter's thinking is used as a case for demonstrating some of the advantages and some of the dangers of economics in the strategy field, and for illustrating points about eclecticism and pluralism.


Where once the socio-political clout of art seemed hemmed in by fashionable theories of aesthetic formalism, today's artist is engaged in a wide variety of practices, many of them bearing little resemblance to traditional artistic mediums. Where once the disenchanted modernist stood ready to safeguard the aesthetic from the corrupting encroachments of a market-driven culture industry, today's artist is all too eager to venture deeply into the waters of political activism, social engagement, and public dialogue. And, where the critic's purview was once limited to those objects designated as art by the sanctioned space of the museum or the gallery, today's critic must contend with the proposition that art is principally an activity, taking the form of shared meals, literacy workshops, community gardens and the like. Accordingly, this shift in contemporary art has led many critics to ask, in one form or another: Where is the art? How do I interpret and evaluate this activity as art?


OBJECTIVE
to evaluate the trend of hospitalazions for surgical procedures and surgical mortality in Brazil, from 2008 to 2016.

METHODS
we conducted an ecological, time-series study. We obtained the data on surgical hospitalizations and mortality between 2008 and 2016 from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (SUS). We performed the trend analysis using polynomial regression models.

RESULTS
in the period of the study, 37,565,785 surgical procedures were performed in the SUS, an average of 4,151,050 surgeries/year. The mean coefficient of the surgical procedures was 2.12 surgeries per 100 inhabitants/year, with a variation of 1.92 to 2.56 inhabitants/year among the country regions. The surgical mortality rate was 1.63%, ranging from 1.07% to 2.02% between the regions.

CONCLUSION
there was a significant trend towards increasing number of surgical procedures carried out and of surgical mortality; however, the coefficient of surgical procedures is lower than recommended by international standards, with regional disparities in access to surgical care and mortality, which undermines the guarantee of universal health coverage expect from the Unified Health System.


SUMMARY We introduce a new tomographic method for estimating velocity macro-models from seismic reflection data. In addition to traveltimes picked on locally coherent reflected events, the method requires that the associated local slopes of the events be picked simultaneously in the common-shot and common-receiver trace gathers. The data then consist of a discrete collection of traveltimes, positions and slopes for selected reflected events. Unlike traveltime tomography, picked events are only required to be locally coherent. It is not necessary to follow continuous arrivals all over the trace gathers. Indeed, the method does not require the introduction of interfaces in the model description. Several approaches of tomography using the slope have already been proposed. We present a unified formulation for slope tomography methods, in which the model is described by the velocity field and a set of ray-segment pairs associated with the reflected/diVracted events. We propose a new robust slope tomography method, which we call 'stereotomography'. It consists of fitting all observed data (positions, slopes and traveltimes) to data calculated by ray tracing. There are no theoretical limitations in stereotomography for laterally heterogeneous velocity macro-models. Practically, traveltimes and slopes are picked on local slant stack panels. Ray multipathing can be accounted for since paths are discriminated by their associated slopes. The non-linear inverse problem is iteratively resolved by a local optimization.


Docker containers wrap up a piece of software together with everything it needs for the execution and enable to easily run it on any machine. For their execution in the Cloud, we need to identify an elastic set of virtual machines that can accommodate those containers, while considering the diversity of their requirements. In this paper, we briefly describe our formulation of the Elastic provisioning of Virtual machines for Container Deployment (EVCD), which takes explicitly into account the heterogeneity of container requirements and virtual machine resources. Afterwards, we evaluate the EVCD formulation with the aim of demonstrating its flexibility in optimizing multiple QoS metrics.


Ahstract-The real world human activity datasets are of great importance in development of novel machine learning methods for automatic recognition of human activities in smart environments. In this study, we present the details of ARAS (Activity Recogni tion with Ambient Sensing) human activity recognition datasets that are collected from two real houses with multiple residents during two months. The datasets contain the ground truth labels for 27 different activities. Each house was equipped with 20 binary sensors of different types that communicate wirelessly using the ZigBee protocol. A full month of information which contains the sensor data and the activity labels for both residents was gathered from each house, resulting in a total of two months data. In the paper, particularly, we explain the details of sensor selection, targeted activities, deployment of the sensors and the characteristics of the collected data and provide the results of our preliminary experiments on the datasets. I. INTRODUCTION Daily human activities and long term monitoring of those activities are important indicators of health status. The changes and the patterns in these changes help diagnosing several diseases at early stages and let the people take the necessary precautions. In order to make the long term health monitoring systems sustainable, we need smart environments in which the human activities hence the human behavior are recognized automatically. Advanced machine learning methods are used for inferring human activities using the data collected from the smart environment but those methods require annotated datasets to be trained on. The quality of the dataset in terms of accuracy and the total number of data points greatly affects the prediction power of the machine learning model. Therefore, annotated datasets are required to develop novel machine learning models with higher prediction accuracies. However, recording and annotating these datasets are costly since they require time and human effort. Hence, the publicly available annotated datasets are of significant importance to the research community and this demand tends to increase. The datasets recorded in real world conditions rather than laboratory settings are even more difficult to obtain and also more valuable since they reflect the natural human behavior. When the subjects in laboratories are replaced by the real res idents living in their own houses, the value of the information increases and the world wide deployments of smart health monitoring systems will become possible. For this purpose, we introduce publicly available ARAS (Activity Recognition with Ambient …


It is assumed that after the transition to practice, athletic trainers will have developed stronger decision-making strategies, will have become comfortable within their role, and will be able to reflect on how their employer assisted them through the transition-to-practice process.

 The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of how athletic trainers have gone through the transition-to-practice process and what resources they relied on during and after the transition.

 Qualitative study, phenomenological design.

 Semistructured interviews.

 Twelve athletic trainers (10 women, 2 men; 4.0 ± 2 years certified) agreed to participate. Data saturation guided the total number of participants for this study.

 Videoconference interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim using Zoom. Credibility of the study was maintained using several mechanisms, including expert/peer review, member checks, and researcher triangulation.

 Two themes emerged as different points in time of the athletic trainer's transition to practice. The first theme was pre–entrance into the workforce, and within this theme, athletic trainers were able to reflect on the strategies and resources that were provided to them by their professional master of athletic training program. Within the second theme, post–entrance into the workforce, athletic trainers were able to recall the resources that were provided to them by their employers and those additional resources that were sought out individually.

 Athletic trainers recognized how their master of athletic training programs prepared them for the transition-to-practice process based on the didactic coursework and intentional clinical education experiences. Athletic trainers also recognized the resources that were and were not provided to them to assist them in fulfilling their roles and responsibilities, as well as realizing the additional resources they needed to enhance their own clinical practice.


A filter medium and the spacer block and the pleats, the method involves melt folds matching filter medium to form a pleated filter medium and the spacer block forms a closed loop of binding.


The paper puts forward a method of model design for dam system of small watersheds in the Loess Plateau based on the review of study achievements of predecessors and characteristic analysis of soil erosion model tests.It considers that rainfall intensity is the key factor to affect the yields of runoff and sediment in the Loess Plateau area where hydraulic erosion is the most active.Thus,it should catch the main contradiction of precipitation and sediment yield of erosion to achieve the similarity of river basin model and sediment yield characteristics of prototype basin based on integrated results of temporal or spatial rainfall erosion.In order to ensure the similarity of geomorphic evolution gully dam system,the relationship of the model between rainfall and sediment yield should also be equivalent to the prototype through using the way of rating sediment yield scale of natural data,except rainfall duration following the similar conditions of gravity.


Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to determine the apparent yield stress of powder metallurgy (PM) materials at high temperatures. A brief introduction concerning the theory of yielding of PM materials is included. The models of loading functions for porous materials are recalled. The experiments have been undertaken by the author to identify the parameters of PM materials in hot forming. Two materials are considered: pure iron and aluminium powders.


Sometimes a moment in your life is so important you remember it in startling detail— where you were, who was there, what happened. As a first-year medical student in my first months of research at Stanford, I was walking down the hall of the basement radiation biology labs at Stanford when Henry Kaplan, my mentor and benefactor, stepped out of his lab and motioned me over. In his right hand, for some of you memorable in itself, he held the new issue of Radiation Research. He pointed to the now famous paper (1) and said ''You should read this; it will be important.'' I spotted the bumps on the spleen and wondered if I would have been astute enough to follow it up rather than trashing the finding as some artifact or infection. Later, when I read the paper, I was struck at how precise the quantitative data on numbers of cells to make a day 10 spleen colony was from an in vivo assay and how precise the radiation sensitivity tests could be. Real in vivo biology could be quantitative. But the major finding came in just a few sentences—each colony had at least four blood cell types (monocytic, granulocytic, erythroid and megakaryocytic), and they proposed that each colony was derived from a single clonal progenitor. They mentioned that the spleen colony-forming cell was probably from an undifferentiated cell. The term stem cells was not mentioned, but then we had no important definition of such a cell at that time. But the idea of a multilineage clonal progenitor was exciting, and little did I know then how their elegant subsequent papers would establish the concept and set most of the rules. The demonstration that day 10 CFU-s cells were clonal came from one of the most innovative experiments I have read in my lifetime in science—irradiate the donor cells and check for unique chromosomal aberrations in the survivors, and if all dividing cells in a colony had the same random and unique marker, which they did, the colonies were clonal (2). Then the demonstration that sometimes day 10 colonies had also produced many day 10 CFU-s clonal progenitors led to the idea of at least short-term selfrenewal (3). Finally, the use of this technique to follow cells a little longer and to show lymphocytes could be part of the clone revealed that the bone marrow contained infrequent cells capable of multilineage myeloerythroid and sometimes lymphoid maturation, and at least some of these could self-renew for the time intervals studied (4). By then the term stem cells was being used, in fact pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (a term changed to recognize the potency of ES cells). I knew from then that any cell isolated that could do less than self-renew as well as give rise in its clonal progeny to all known blood cells types would not make the grade as a stem cell. When later I came back to the identification and prospective isolation of HSC following the lead of pursuing Tand B-lymphocyte progenitors (5–9), we had established clonal assays for all progenitors. We started with a thymic colony assay that also measured clonogenic marrow cells (10–12), a clonal assay for B-lymphocyte progenitors (13) on clonal stromal cells taken from Whitlock-Witte cultures (14), and myeloerythroid colony-forming cells at day 12–14 in the spleen; we followed the Iscove et al. correction of the time of separate progenitors to form day 8 or 10 or 12–14 splenic colonies (15). [We later showed that oligolineage progenitors gave rise to day 8 CFU-s, and mainly multipotent progenitors and HSC to day 12 CFU-s (16)]. And, like others, we found that long-term multilineage engraftment of all blood cell types in lethally irradiated hosts was another assay (13), as was retransplantation from purified cells of a particular phenotype. With the availability of the hybridoma techniques to get a constant reagent for a constant cell surface epitope (17), and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (18), we could isolate marked marrow cells for simultaneous assay in all of the tests described above. We reported high enrichment of HSC (13), then even higher (19, 20), and over the next 20 years many HSC subsets and nearly all of the downstream progenitors in mice (21–25) and in humans (26–28). Much to our delight, both mouse and human HSC markers were so unique we could isolate T-cell-free HSC for allogeneic transplantation without GvH (29–30) and cancer-free HSC from patients with widespread breast cancers or lymphomas, so that HSC rescue after myeloablative chemotherapy could be done without re-introducing cancer cells to the patients [(31, 32), Mueller et al., Long-term followup of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with highdose chemotherapy and transplantation of highly purified hematopoietic stem cells, manuscript in preparation]. So it 1 E-mail address for correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com. RADIATION RESEARCH 175, 143–144 (2011) 0033-7587/11 $15.00 g 2011 by Radiation Research Society. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. DOI: 10.1667/RRXX29.1


"The study of nuclear physics led us to an understanding of the stars, their energy generation and life history. It now appears that our more recent knowledge of particle physics may be leading us to a deeper understanding of the large- scale structure of the universe in which we live." Floyd W. Stecker, an astrophysicist, is at the Theoretical Studies Branch of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbeit, Md.


ABSTRACT The importance of world images as a fundamental premise of world views has been brought to the fore by recent reports on the poor state of spatial knowledge and international understanding and empathy. It is assumed that geography education plays a special role in the development of the realization of realistic world images. In order to investigate this assumption in respect of the contribution made by geography education in South African schools, during the senior secondary phase, the World Image Place Vocabulary Test was administered to 699 matriculants. The results of the study show that the world images of matriculants taking geography, are significantly better over the total range of cognitive skills involved as well as with reference to the components comprising cities, states, morphology and regions, than the images of pupils not taking geography. However, the view is taken that the "New Geography" with its focus on concepts tends to alienate the subject from reality thus rejecting world i...


Lisao is a brand new style of poetry created by Qu Yuan after The Book of Songs . The main similarity found in the two poetic works is the spirit of complaint and satire of the existing evils in society,especially in the political affairs. And their difference is that the perceiver sense and individuality spirit in Lisao has been enhanced,as the result of evolution.The sense and spirit are embodiment of Chinese intellectuals' qualities, such as caring for the reality,actively going to society,and being independent and inflexible.The spirit,originated in The Book of Songs ,and matured in Lisao ,has had a far reaching influence on the intellectuals of later generations.


The propagation, through long tubes, of crystallization waves in supercooled phosphorus is experimentally investigated. The propagating temperature fields associated with such waves are measured and the existence of steady‐state fields demonstrated. The crystallization wave propagates as a cloud of crystallites which individually grow and agglomerate during a slushlike interval to finally form the polycrystalline solid.