In order to apply human behavioral properties such as visual information, spatial cognition or change of direction to space analysis techniques, the angle of space, namely the angular weight of space comes to be an important factor. The angular weight of space was applied to Integration of Space Syntax and to ERAM of ERAM model using axial map. In order to verify the effectiveness of these models, angular analysis of Space Syntax and ERAM model is carried out using pedestrian movements in Seoul and land price in Changwon. Firstly, the correlation analysis result demonstrated that angularERAM had far better predictability in pedestrian movement and land price than angularMD. Secondly, angular ERAM model adopting segmented axial map showed more detailed analyzing capacity as well as better predictability than the existing Space Syntax or ERAM model adopting normal axial map. From this analysis, it is found out that 'Angular ERAM model' can provide an effective frame for angular weighted analysis.


Sleep apnea (SA) as Obstructive rest apnea (OSA) is becoming the most widely recognized respiratory confusion amid rest, which is portrayed by ends of wind current to the lungs. These discontinuances in breathing must last over 10 seconds to be viewed as an apnea occasion. Apnea occasions may happen 5 to multiple times an hour and may occur up to four hundred times each night in those with extreme SA. During sleep apnea the muscles of the upper respiratory airway collapse. And is known as cessation of breathing. An exceptionally easy-to-understand gadget which could be utilized both by a medicinal staff in an emergency clinic or by the client at home since it doesn't require any talented preparing. This work has developed an ultra-negligible exertion microcontroller-based breath checking system. It has a test which involves a straightforward temperature sensor and that must be put at the tip of the nasal area. The test can be cut with the nostril. The breath rate is appeared on a 16x2 LCD screen. If the breath rate is past customary, a flag gets actuated. The structure will make an alert if the breath rate isn't predictable or if there is an unforeseen unpredictable change. The readings obtained from simulation and real-time will provide a base to the doctors for studying the patient and understanding the type of apnea by understanding the difference in temperature and breath rate obtained by the device. The simulation acts as a correction reference for the real time device. The portability and low-cost make the device easy to use and flexible amongst all genre of patients. By attaching GSM module to the device, the patient's conditions can be monitored from anywhere in the home or in the hospital. Doctors receive the message based on the program given to the chip and choose to respond to message accordingly. The device provides an appropriate measure of the breath rate of the patient to whom it is attached to and acts as a monitoring device for the doctors and provides them feasibility and flexibility in understanding the condition and responding accordingly to the message received in accordance with sensors attached and the way the patient's breathing pattern change.


Wireless sensor networks is a distributed and non-transferable resource. Over time, variations in energy availability would likely to arise. Protocols will be similar to routing trees may concentrate energy handling at certain nodes. Differences in energy harvestshould arising from environmental variations, such as if one node is in the form of cluster and another is in the shade, can produce variations in charging rates and battery levels. We propose a novel approach for mobile users to collect the network-wide large data. The routing node structure of data collection is additively updated with the group of the mobile user. With this approaches, we only perform a limited modification to update the routing structure while the routing performance is bounded and controlled compared to the optimal performance. The proposed protocol is easy to implement. shows that the proposed scalable in maintenanceexpenses, performs efficiently in the routing performance, provides continuous data delivery during the user movement. We implement the proposed protocol an ns2 simulator to verify the efficiency of our proposed protocol


This report presents a national summary of air quality monitoring networks operated by large point sources. The focus of the report is on five specific industries: electric utilities, primary copper and lead smelting, pulp and paper mills, oil refineries and sulfuric acid plants; and five monitoring parameters: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulates, sulfates and meteorology. Summaries are reported on a national and EPA regional basis.


We report the results of model calculations for the photodissociation of iodine molecules inside liquid helium clusters composed of several thousand atoms. The helium clusters are described by a quantum effective potential between helium atoms. Classical trajectories are run with this potential model in order to determine excitation energy thresholds for caging of atomic iodine fragments followed by recombination or, alternatively, production of photofragments which leave the helium cluster. Typical photofragments are iodine atoms carrying along a certain number of helium atoms. The computed photofragment velocity and size distributions for several cluster sizes compare favourably with experimental observations for related molecular systems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Online education continues its growth trajectory benefitting public four-year institutions of higher education as well as private universities. Recently, private non-profits have experienced double-digit increases despite late entry into online education. Situated within the context of a private nonprofit institution and its recently developed asynchronous online program, the purpose of this paper is to examine the teaching experiences of first-time business professors as seen through the lens of a SWOT analysis. Designed to capture the views of three stakeholders: Students, Faculty, and the Institution, the SWOT analysis suggests that local and regional research may yield untapped sources of opportunity for online programs at non-profit institutions.


Negative neurocognitive bias is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD) that is reversed by pharmacological and psychological treatments. This double-blind functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated for the first time whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) modulates negative neurocognitive bias in MDD. Patients with MDD were randomized to one active (N=15) or sham ECT (N=12). The following day they underwent whole-brain fMRI at 3T while viewing emotional faces and performed facial expression recognition and dot-probe tasks. A single ECT had no effect on amygdala response to emotional faces. Whole-brain analysis revealed no effects of ECT vs. sham after family-wise error (FWE) correction at the cluster level, using a cluster-forming threshold of Z>3.1 ( p <0.001) to secure FWE<5%. Groups showed no differences in behavioral measures, mood and medication. Exploratory cluster-corrected whole-brain analysis (Z>2.3; p <0.01) revealed ECT-induced trend changes in parahippocampal and superior frontal responses to fearful vs. happy faces as well as fear-specific functional connectivity between amygdala and occipito-temporal regions. Across all patients, greater fear-specific amygdala–occipital coupling correlated with lower fear vigilance. Despite no statistically significant shift in neural response to faces after a single ECT, the observed trend changes after a single ECT session point to an early shift in emotional processing that may contribute to antidepressant effects of ECT. The face pairs were two conditions: masked and unmasked for investigation of subliminal and supraliminal vigilance to emotion, respectively. In the masked condition, the face pairs were shown for 17 ms and replaced by a neutral mask for 83 ms. In the unmasked condition the face pairs were displayed for 100 ms. There were 192 trials (32 masked/unmasked happy-neutral, 32 masked/unmasked fear-neutral, 32 masked/unmasked neutral-neutral). Following the display of facial expressions, a single pair of dots appeared on either the upper or lower half of the screen. One pair of dots was vertical ( : ) while the other was horizontal (· ·). Patients indicated the orientation of the dots by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard, and were instructed to respond as quickly as possible. The dots remained on the screen until a response had been given.


The development of household electrodialysis without water of the electrode pure water device was introduced, the technical parameters of main parts and their performance test results were discussed. The device for drinking-water possessed organic and inorganic purification function, with new design and apparent effects of desalinization. It made a new direction for the development of the household pure water device.


We provide a theoretical framework for model predictive control of infinite-dimensional systems, like, e.g., nonlinear parabolic PDEs, including stochastic disturbances of the input signal, the output measurements , as well as initial states. The necessary theory for implementing the MPC step based on an LQG design for infinite-dimensional linear time-invariant systems is presented. We also briefly discuss the necessary ingredients for the numerical computations using the derived theory.


Vaccination efforts around the world are being restrained by a shortage of doses. Jane Feinmann looks at what is holding up the process


We present a short overview of different microscopic models for nonrelativistic and relativistic magnetoelectric coupling in 3d oxides including so-called "spin current scenario" and ab-initio calculations.


This paper describes design, analysis and simulation studies of quadruped robot made of coplanar single degree of freedom eight link leg mechanism using SOLIDWORKS. Kinematic and stress analysis is performed on the leg mechanism and entire quadruped robot respectively. Foot Path generation, the force analysis on each link, velocity and acceleration plots are analysed. Keywords— 8 link leg mechanism; Solid Works; Force analysis; Quadruped model.


An approach to initial assessment of prospective needs for conservation of hill zones and scarps is formulated. The approach begins with a digital elevation model (DEM) and elevation contours generated from the DEM. Three types of hill/slope features are recognized for interactive extraction via geographic information system (GIS). The three types of features are regional ridges, dissected domes, and scarp slopes. The extraction is accomplished primarily by removal of contours representing short, slight slopes. The resulting terrain features are then appraised in terms of indicators of landscape ecological importance and partially prioritized for cooperative conservation.


Cp = pressure coefficient, 2(p — px)/pxUl, c = chord length cfx = local skin friction coefficient for circumferential flow, 2(/jLdu/dz)w/peul f = transformed circumferential component of vector potential, i^(0, r, z)/(2£r/r0) G = transformed radial component of vector potential (alternative), (ve/qe)g g = transformed radial component of vector potential, w>2(0, r, z)/r(2gr/r0)ve H = total enthalpy Mx = Mach number of undisturbed stream, UJa p = static pressure qe = resultant external velocity, r = radial distance along generator, measured from cone apex, O r() = radius of sphere centered at O, intersecting leading edge of streamwise section S = enthalpy parameter, HIHe — 1 T = static temperature Ux = velocity of undisturbed stream (w, v, w) = velocity components in (0, r, z) directions v = spanwise velocity, — v x = arc distance around surface, r00 y = spanwise distance, r() r z = distance normal to surface y = ratio of principal specific heat capacities of gas A = transformed boundary-layer thickness 8 * = displacement thickness of circumferential flow, S'o (1 pulpeue) dz 77 = similarity variable used in present work, ue /f, p dz/V2fr/r0 VK-C = similarity variable used by Kaups and Cebeci, Vve/pe/zer0 Jg p dz 0 = polar angle in developed plane, measured from stagnation line AH A 2 = sweep angles of leading and trailing edges fji = coefficient of viscosity of gas f = transformed circumferential coordinate, So Pet*>euer() d0 p = mass density of gas o= Prandtl number of gas


The electrode behavior and chemical stability of lithiumsilicate glasses which contain La/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Nd/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Y/sub 2/O/s ub 3/, and CeO/ sub 2/ were studied. The introduction of these oxides into the glasses is shown to favor the extension of the limits of pH function to the acid region and increase the chemical stability of glasses. (auth)


For too long, qualitative research on aca demic libraries has been marked with a negative definition—for example, nonquantitative handling of unstructured data. These terms carry a tone of apology and often mean impressionistic analysis of messy data. When compared to quan titative research, qualitative research is perceived as being less rigorous, prima rily because it may not include statistics and all the mumbo jumbo that goes with extensive statistical analysis. Qualitative and quantitative research methods in li brarianship and information science are not simply different ways of doing the same thing.


Objective To investigate the effect of human papillomavirus(HPV) in diagnosing precancerous disease and cervical cancinoma.Methods All cytological specimens were treated using Thinprep Cytology Test(TCT).The patients whose TCT result was abnormal cell morphology were tested HPVDNA by in situ hybridization.The 193 among 651 patients undergo colposcopy pathology examination together.Results 1.The positive rate of HPV is 39.6% among 651 abnormal cell morphology patients by TCT exam and 28.7% in ASCUS patients.The HPV infective rate will increase with the degree of the cervical disease tested by TCT.2.The sensitivity of HPV testing was 77.9%,specific was 70.4% on the basis of TCT.Conclusion HPVDNA testing can improve the diagnostic accuracy on the basis of TCT and provide the basis to carry colposcopy pathology examination among the ASCUS and LSIL patients.Earlier detection of high-risk HPV types can instruct the treatment and follow-up of the infected patients.


Background: The incorporation of crossover in randomized controlled trials is accepted as an ethical obligation, especially in cancer clinical trials. The more common type of crossover is unidirectional, which allows patients assigned to the control arm (either placebo or standard of care) to switch to the experimental arm. In contrast, bidirectional crossover includes the switching of patients from the experimental arm to the control arm. Integrating crossover into the initial study design may have advantages in patient recruitment, and incorporating crossover after initial positive results fulfills ethical requirements. However, crossover can also contribute to confounding major endpoints of studies, such as overall survival or the second progression-free survival interval. For this reason, it is important to investigate and identify potential trends of crossover in clinical trials testing novel therapies. The development of new treatments for hematologic malignancies is promising, and as such, makes these trials susceptible to crossover. Trends in crossover of clinical trials for hematologic malignancies have not yet been studied.
 Methods: Data about cancer clinical trials were extracted from clinicaltrials.gov. The search query was limited to completed phase III studies in adult populations. Location was limited to the United States. No date range or funder type was specified. The following search query was used: recruitment status: "completed;" age: "adult (18-64)," "older adult (65+);" sex: "all;" country: "United States;" study phase: "phase 3." These criteria were then applied in individual searches for clinical trials related each hematologic malignancy. The following terms were used in the "disease" search field: "acute lymphoid leukemia," "acute myeloid leukemia," "multiple myeloma," "lymphoma," "chronic myeloid leukemia," and "chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Repeat clinical trials obtained through separate searches were excluded. Studies were then excluded if they were not randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the primary purpose of treatment, and if they did not test cancer-related interventions.
 Results: A total of 184 unique clinical trials were identified, of which 156 were RCTs with the primary purpose of treatment. Only 149 trials tested cancer-related drugs, biologicals, or procedures. Of those, 60 trials contained 2 experimental arms, and 89 trials contained 3 or more experimental arms. 6 of the 60 (10%) 2 arm trials permitted crossover, and 4 of the 89 (4.5%) 3+ arm trials permitted crossover, for a total of 10 trials with crossover. The start dates of these trials ranged from 2000-2012. 3 trials (30%) were bidirectional, and 7 (70%) were unidirectional. The identified clinical trials with crossover belonged to only 3 of the original 6 hematologic malignancies included in the original search query: multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and CML (Table 1).
 Conclusions: The proportion of identified clinical trials with crossover to those without is extremely small. Crossover in clinical trials studying hematologic malignancies does not appear to be a widespread practice. Multiple myeloma contains the most trials with crossover compared to other hematologic malignancies. Even though statistical approaches to mitigate confounding exist, crossover can still skew accurate reporting of the impact of experimental therapies on overall survival. Examining trends among the trials with crossover will hopefully lead to improved correction methods and better estimates of treatment benefit.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The Armed Forces Journal recently carried a quotation: "...Make no mistake, the nation is in a critical oil situation. The government has been guilty of half-hearted action in its dealings with the petroleum problem. Petroleum is the most critical logistic matter in our entire security..." The interesting thing that the Journal brings out is that these words were written 26 years ago, and, it was felt, were largely ignored by policymakers and the public who continued to live in apathy in regard to the energy problem. This paper discusses actions which can be taken to deal with the petroleum problem, and points out that, in the final analysis, it is independence on a great variety of natural resources that will lead to world stability, rather than national independence relying on a nation's gifts in cheap, convenient natural resources.


We investigate charge transport in a high-electron mobility polymer, poly(N,N-bis 2-octyldodecyl-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis dicarboximide-2,6-diyl-alt-5,5-2,2-bithiophene) [P(NDI2OD-T2), Polyera ActivInk™ N2200]. Time-of-flight measurements reveal electron mobilities approaching those measured in field-effect transistors, the highest ever recorded in a conjugated polymer using this technique. The modest temperature dependence and weak dispersion of the transients indicate low energetic disorder in this material. Steady-state electron-only current measurements reveal a barrier to injection of about 300 meV. We propose that this barrier is located within the P(NDI2OD-T2) film and arises from molecular orientation effects.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to sterile stable dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration reconstitution and to the patient. Dosage form, amorphous aminoalkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioate, in particular including amifostine. The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such a dosage form, typically exhibit high thermal stability as compared to conventional vacuum dried amorphous amifostine.


OBJECTIVES
We compared chiropractic practice volume in areas of high versus areas of low or no shortages of primary care providers.

METHODS
Using data from a cross-sectional survey of US chiropractors and data from the Bureau of Health Professions' Area Resource File, we conducted multiple linear and logistic regression modeling of the effects of rural or Health Professional Shortage Area location on chiropractic practice volume and wait times.

RESULTS
Chiropractors in rural and high-shortage areas have busier, higher-volume practices than do those in other locales (after control for other chiropractors in the same market service area).

CONCLUSIONS
Chiropractic providers render a substantial amount of care to underserved and rural populations. Health policy planners should consider the full complement of providers available to improve access to care.


A decentralized operation of the transmission grid for scheduling inter-utilities power exchanges is proposed. This approach is well suited for market-oriented environments; it achieves a market equilibrium while the operational independence of each interconnected utility is preserved. We employ decomposition-coordination techniques in combination with an interior-pointlcutting-plane method in order to reduce the number of iterations of the decomposition algorithm. The paper includes test results on IEEE-based systems.


The task of the automated control system synthesis is an actual and complicated task especially for multichannel or non-linear objects, or optimal control systems. Neural networks can be used for these tasks in many approaches. One of the most popular its usage is for classical regulator coefficient adjusting. Another use is of a preliminary learned neural network instead of a classical regulator. The use of neural networks and reinforcement learning for the task of optimal control is considered in the paper-based example of two classical objects. Based on these examples, the method of synthesis neural network of the optimal control systems is proposed. The main steps of this method are to compose a closed-loop system with a considered object and relay control; form a reward function that is focused time of transition process minimization; perform a reinforcement learning with one of the existing methods. The proposed method is able to synthesize neural networks for optimal control of the system. Recommendations are given for choosing the structure of a neural network, error functions, and other practical recommendations to speed up learning. Examples of application of the proposed methodology on two classical problems of optimal control are given. The results obtained coincide with theoretical calculations for classical regulators.


The chapters in the compilation were presented orally at the symposium Saprolegnia in Salmon, on August 8, 1992, at the annual meeting of the Mycological Society of America.


Although lupus is, by definition, associated with genetic and immunological factors, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The up‐to‐date research findings point out that various genetic and epigenetic factors, especially gene‐specific and site‐specific methylation, are believed to contribute to the initiation and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review presents and summarizes the association between abnormal DNA methylation of immune‐related cells and lupus‐like diseases, as well as the possible mechanisms of immune disorder caused by DNA methylation, aiming at a better understanding of the roles of aberrant DNA methylation in the initiation and development of certain forms of lupus and providing a new insight into promising therapeutic regimens in lupus‐like diseases.


Energy and environmental issues are two of the greatest challenges facing the world today. In response to energy needs and environmental concerns, renewable energy technologies are now considered the future technologies of choice. Renewable energy is produced from natural sources that are clean and free; however, it is widely accepted that renewable energy is not a solution without challenges. An example of this can be seen in the UK, where there is much interest amongst generation developers in the construction of new large scale onshore and offshore wind farms, especially in Scotland. The stability of electric power systems is also an important issue. It is important to have full knowledge of the system and to be able to predict the behaviour under different situations is an important objective. As a result, several industrial grade power system simulator tools have been developed in order to estimate the behaviour of the electric power system under certain conditions. This paper presents a reduced Great Britain (GB) system model for stability analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC. The reduced model is based upon a future GB transmission system model and, hence, contains different types and mix of generation, HVDC transmission lines and additional interconnection. The model is based on the reduced DIgSILENT PowerFactory model developed by National Grid.


The water content in sediments is one of the important physical parameters for characterizing the surface features of the intertidal flat and affects the accuracy of extracting the surface features of the intertidal flat by using remote sensing technology.For reproducing the sediment water content with remote sensing,two models are established:one is a single-band model established based on the exponential attenuation mode between the water content and the reflectance of the sediments;another is a combinative band model,which is established by constructing the water content index with the reference of the forms of four kinds of vegetation indices.These models are effectively applied to the prediction of water content in the sediments of the muddy intertidal flat.The detailed results show that the model based on the normalized enhanced water content index(NEWCI),which is built up after normalizing the reflectance data with the reflectance of dried sediments,has the best predictive capacity in the water content inversion.Of the water content inverse results obtained with this model,the deterministic coefficient R2 is about 0.675for sands and larger than 0.83for other four types of sediments,i.e.silt,sandy silt,silty sand and clayey silt. Even without the consideration of sediment types,the inverse accuracy can also reach to 0.8by using the NEWCI-based model,with the RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)being only 0.059.These results indicate that the NEWCI-based model is not sensitive to the sediment types.It can keep a high accuracy of the water content simulation and is suitable for predicting the sediment water content in a large scale in the intertidal flat.Its inverse results can effectively reduce the influence of surface water on sediment reflectance, hence improving the efficiency of extracting the surface features by using remote sensing.


In the improvisation that occurs in a jazz ensemble, a soloist rarely develops a completely new idea but, instead, elaborates and builds on the previous player's input. From an emergent perspective, classroom mathematical practice is akin to such improvisation. How this might happen in a whole-class situation is unclear. In this paper, a description is given of a whole-class discussion that took an unplanned trajectory. The teacher did not impose a particular structure on the lesson but focused pupils' attention on productive mathematical ideas that emerged from the group. In the concluding discussion, it will be shown that the improvisation metaphor, while useful for describing mathematics as a socio-cultural activity, may have a different application in a whole-class situation than in small group settings.


This study researches on the flotation behavior and mechanism of dolomite through the experiment of monomineral flotation in the use of fatty acid as collector.Results of flotation tests indicate that the agent dosage is relatively small in acidic environment with myristic acid and lauric acid as collector.When the recovery of dolomite researches 70% with myristic acid and lauric acid as collector,the difference of agent dosage under the condition of alkaline and acidic environment is 3.72 and 5.64 times,respectively.The measuring results show that: under the condition of acidic and alkaline environment,the collector is adsorbed on the surface of mineral.The measuring results of SEM show that a large amount of solid attachment is on the surface of foam product.The study of mechanism shows that the chemisorption mainly wages between collector and dolomite in an alkaline environment.In an acidic environment,the collector which belongs to fatty acid is mainly solid fatty acid which is hard to dissolve,and the solid attachment forms on the surface of mineral,giving rise to draining on the surface of mineral.That makes the dolomite have better floatability in an acidic environment.


To preserve species‐rich grasslands, management practices such as mowing are often required. Mowing is known to promote aboveground conditions that help to maintain plant species richness, but whether belowground effects are important as well is not known. We hypothesized that if mowing decreases belowground carbon transfer by reducing root mass, this will reduce the abundance and activity of soil decomposers and lead to diminished nutrient availability in soil. In grasslands, this would provide a means to mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen enrichment on plant species richness. We established experimental plots on grassland with one‐third of plots growing untouched, one‐third mowed once a summer, and one‐third mowed twice a summer for three growing seasons. Root and soil attributes were measured at each plot 1 month after each mowing. Mowing decreased root mass but had few effects on belowground biota and soil NH4‐N, NO3‐N, and PO4‐P concentrations. Mowing did not affect root N concentrations. Our results show that despite reducing root mass, mowing may have few effects on those soil biota that control nutrient supply and, as a result, have no clear‐cut effects on nutrient availability in soil. This suggests that the effects of mowing on soil decomposers and soil nutrient availability may not provide an effective means to mitigate N enrichment and enhance plant species richness in grasslands in a timescale of a few years. Whether such effects could, however, be achieved with longer lasting mowing remains open.


We investigate the articulation between domain-general reasoning and interpretive processes in failures of deductive reasoning. We focus on illusory inferences from disjunction-like elements, a broad class of deductive fallacies studied in some detail over the past 15 years. These fallacies have received accounts grounded in reasoning processes, holding that human reasoning diverges from normative standards. A subset of these fallacies however can be analyzed differently: human reasoning is not to blame, instead the premises were interpreted in a non-obvious, yet perfectly predictable and reasonable way. Once we consider these interpretations, the apparent fallacious conclusion is no mistake at all. We give a two-factor account of these fallacies that incorporates both reasoning-based elements and interpretive elements, showing that they are not in real competition. We present novel experimental evidence in favor of our theory. Cognitive load such as induced by a dual-task design is known to hinder the interpretive mechanisms at the core of interpretation-based accounts of the fallacies of interest. In the first experiment of its kind using this paradigm with an inferential task instead of a simpler truth-value-judgment task, we found that the manipulation affected more strongly those illusions where our theory predicts that interpretive processes are at play. We conclude that the best way forward for the field to investigate the elusive line between reasoning and interpretation requires combining theories and methodologies from linguistic semantics and the psychology of reasoning.


Simultaneous determination of multiply elements in Indium bearing residue by ICP-OES was studied in this essay.The sample was dissolved by(HF+HClO4)-HNO3.Selection of spectra line、influence and correction were discussed.Power of the instrument and flux of working gas were optimized.Analytical method was set up.The detection limit of elements was 0.000 1~0.18 μg/mL,the recovery was 96%~104% and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.35%.


The purpose of this study was to develop a rule for the time of trading an stock exchange asset based on an indicator of degree of randomness of a sequence of characters. It was applied the Lempel and Ziv standardized complexity measure and a measure of relative efficiency of the market, based on algorithmic information theory, to high frequency data of returns for different periods of negotiation. The results were obtained for an asset, in which it was possible to determine the set of periods in which there might be more likely to detect predictability in returns. We were able to describe, in probabilistic terms, in which intervals may occur standards for a particular asset. The measure defines a standard, but that suffers from statistical fluctuations can be, in some observations, wrong despite a 1% chance of its occurrence.


Energy consumption and device footprint are major limiting factors in scaling current optical interconnect architectures to reach multi-terabit per second data transmission. Hybrid integration of III-V on Si using a low-temperature O2 plasma-assisted wafer bonding technique is an attractive platform for integrating active elements on Si in a low optical loss and high density manner. Further scaling on individual devices could enable hybrid photonic integrated circuits with complex functionality and low power consumption. A microring resonator is widely regarded as an ideal structure for very compact passive and active devices, e.g., recently demonstrated hybrid Si microring lasers [3]. Although microring structures are wavelength sensitive, they have several advantages viz. small size, resonance-enhanced efficiency and no intrinsic reflections. We propose a novel microring modulator design by incorporating a gain and a loss section in the same microring cavity. Separately biasing the two sections best uses the properties of a microring resonator. We compare this design with two other techniques that were previously employed on III-V-based electro-absorption (EA) microring modulators. We also show the promise of the design in achieving high efficiency modulation with respect to some state of the art Si ring modulator results.


Errors caused by nursing students has a high proportion in nursing errors.In the past clinical practice,they often only pay attention to basic and specialist nursing practice and theory of the inculcation of knowledge,but they ignore the law to strengthen the awareness of nursing students.The paper through legal problems of nursing professional care,to improve nursing students' knowledge of the law.


The linear hydrocarbon polymethylene differs from polyethylene in that the polymer chain is built up one carbon at a time. Polymethylene has been synthesized by the catalyzed polymerization of diazomethane.1 We report a new polymerization reaction, polyhomologation, for the synthesis of polymethylene. The reaction utilizes methodology developed for the homologation of organoboranes. Application of this chemistry to polymer synthesis is unprecedented.


STUDY DESIGN
Cohort.

BACKGROUND
The Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Program Scale (SEHEPS) was developed to help clinicians evaluate patients' self-efficacy for performing prescribed home exercise programs (HEPs). Prior to clinical adoption, the scale's psychometric properties need to be examined.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the psychometric properties of the SEHEPS.

METHODS
Eighty-one patients (32 males, 49 females, age 42±18 years) with varying musculoskeletal conditions participated. Patients were given a HEP at initial physical therapy visit and completed the SEHEPS and a modified Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) scale. The SEHEPS is a 12-item patient-reported questionnaire designed to assess self-efficacy for prescribed home exercise. Patients rated their confidence on a seven-point scale ranging from "not confident" to "very confident." Total scores were calculated and ranged from 0 (low self-efficacy) to 72 (high self-efficacy) points. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient. Convergent validity between the SEHEPS and SEE scale was evaluated with a Spearman correlation.

RESULTS
High internal consistency (α = 0.96) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.88, SEM = 4, MDC95 = 12) was demonstrated. The SEHEPS was strongly correlated with the SEE scale (rho(ρ) = 0.83, p < 0.01) indicating strong convergent validity.

CONCLUSIONS
The SEHEPS demonstrates excellent internal consistency and convergent validity with the SEE scale. Overall, the SEHEPS is a clinically useful tool for evaluating a patient's self-efficacy for home-based musculoskeletal exercise programs. This scale can be used prior to prescribing a HEP for patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 10 Jul 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8779.


This contribution presents a systematic light scattering study of a series of boron oxide glasses which are characterized by different thermal histories. The thermal treatment was obtained by annealing the samples close to the glass transition temperature for times of several hours. Both low-frequency (0.1–30 cm−1) and high-frequency (5–1600 cm−1) spectra were monitored by using a tandem Fabry–Perot interferometer and a Raman spectrometer, respectively. The low-frequency spectra include quasielastic contributions and the boson peak. It was found that different thermal histories lead to pronounced changes in the low-frequency spectrum. The position of the boson peak shifts to higher frequencies and the magnitude of the quasielastic contribution decreases as a function of annealing time. Both quantities correlate linearly with the density of the samples (ρ=1.804–1.866 g/cm3). On the other hand, the high-frequency modes do not show discernible changes. In particular, no alteration of the modes which correspo...


Abstract Scholars have long been attentive to the relationship between legal regimes and agrarian dispossession in the resource frontiers of the postcolonial world. The analytical problem of identifying how private firms use legal regimes to take control of land—whether for mining, plantations, or Special Economic Zones—now animates a new body of research seeking the historical antecedents for contemporary land grabs. In the case of colonial South Asia, existing scholarship has often tended to suggest that the law precedes processes of capital accumulation, and that colonial capital operated within the confines of definable, even if legally plural, institutional regimes, such as property rights and commercial law. This perspective suggests, if only implicitly, that capitalist firms prefer to work within formal frameworks of legality. In this article, I outline a different understanding of the place of law in colonial South Asia, which follows the formation of property law for coal at the end of the nineteenth century. I argue that the discursive framing of coal's status as property emerged out of, rather than preceded, social and ecological displacements caused by a coal commodity boom after 1894. Reconstructing conflicts over coal-bearing agrarian land through civil court records and mining company property deeds, I demonstrate how the absence of coal property within the colonial legal archive was reassembled through a recursive conception of legality. This genealogy of law recovers the historical context for contemporary struggles over mining claims in India's coal region today.


Abstract. Beta alumina solid electrolyte is a potential candidate in the fabrication of Na-S batteries. In the present study, it has been prepared in the form of discs by uniaxially as well as isostatically pressing and sintering in the temperature range 1585-1630°C, the highest sintered density of 3.25 g/cm 3 has been achieved in the samples isostatically pressed and sintered at 1630°C. X-ray analysis of the samples shows formation of fl"-phase. Microstructure of the sintered samples reveals some darker regions which are attributed to low soda content. Resistivity at 300°C measured by the two-probe method at a frequency of 1 MHz on samples having vacuum-deposited silver electrodes is 15 ohm-cm, which is slightly higher than the value of 5-13 ohm-cm reported in literature using molten sodium electrodes. The activation energy of conductivity is 0-24 eV which is comparable to the literature value of ff24-ff35 eV.


Cutaneous pigmentation is the major photoprotective mechanism against the carcinogenic and aging effects of UV. Epidermal melanocytes synthesize the pigment melanin, in the form of eumelanin or pheomelanin. Synthesis of the photoprotective eumelanin by human melanocytes is regulated mainly by the melanocortins α‐melanocortin (α‐MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which bind the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and activate the cAMP pathway that is required for UV‐induced tanning. Melanocortins stimulate proliferation and melanogenesis and inhibit UV‐induced apoptosis of human melanocytes. Importantly, melanocortins reduce the generation of hydrogen peroxide and enhance repair of DNA photoproducts, independently of pigmentation. MC1R is a major contributor to the diversity of human pigmentation and a melanoma susceptibility gene. Certain allelic variants of this gene, namely R151C, R160W and D294H, are strongly associated with red hair phenotype and increased melanoma susceptibility. Natural expression of two of these variants sensitizes melanocytes to the cytotoxic effect of UV, and increases the burden of DNA damage and oxidative stress. We are designing potent melanocortin analogs that mimic the effects of α‐MSH as a strategy to prevent skin cancer, particularly in individuals who express MC1R genotypes that reduce but do not abolish MC1R function, or mutations in other melanoma susceptibility genes, such as p16.


While advances in medicine have increased survival rates for pediatric patients with chronic medical conditions, there are often long-term implications for survivors.[1–3] For example, some of the treatments such as chemotherapy and cranial radiation, which are credited with extending the lives of childhood cancer survivors, may cause cognitive late effects (CLEs) that can impact quality of life, particularly in education.[4,5] CLEs are just one example of disease and treatment-related consequences relative to educational attainment of students with a serious or chronic illness. Fatigue, immunosuppression, mobility difficulties, and self-esteem issues are among an unfortunately long list of potential implications of chronicity that frequently interfere with school.[2,3] Educational stability is further challenged by the ever-changing needs spanning treatment and healing. Nevertheless, students experiencing these and other complications are commonly expected to persevere in the absence of helpful, validated interventions. The absence of studies that examine the evolving schoolrelated needs and concerns of the stakeholders most critical to school success for students with a chronic condition makes it difficult to identify educational interventions that may improve outcomes for these students. The first step in filling this void is through gathering critical data that describes the areas of need/concern relative to school for each stakeholder invested in the education of a student with a chronic condition (e.g. patients, caregivers, and educators): 'If we understand better what issues exist with different chronic health conditions, both primary health care providers and specialty care programs can provide appropriate information and develop appropriate interventions to address these issues in schools.'[6] As areas of need are defined and validated, interventions can be aligned to overcome related barriers. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the development and validation of instrumentation tools designed to gather this critical data.


Aim: Pregestational diabetes is associated with adverse outcomes. Preconception care is beneficial but unplanned pregnancy is common. We aimed to determine predictors of outcomes and factors modifiable during pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes.
 Methods: Retrospective analysis of pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes at a tertiary center from 2010–2022. Baseline characteristics, longitudinal glycemic, weight and microvascular complication assessment per trimester, and outcomes were collected and binary logistic regression performed.
 Results: Of 445 pregnancies, 116 (25%) had type 1 diabetes. Mean age was 32.6 ± 5.8 years with prepregnancy BMI 30.0 ± 7.0 kg/m2. The cohort was diverse with 315 (71%) of non-Caucasian ethnicity and 141 (32%) in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic quintile. Planned pregnancy comprised 147 (43%). Women with type 1 compared to type 2 diabetes had increased preeclampsia (28 [26%] vs 48 [15%], p=0.02), preterm (46 [39%] vs 66 [20%], p<0.001), large for gestational age (LGA) (57 [49%] vs 82 [25%], p<0.001), neonatal hypoglycemia (53 [46%] vs 117 [37%], p=0.047), respiratory distress (47 [42%] vs 65 [20%], p<0.001) and neonatal intensive care admission (NICU) (48 [41%] vs 84 [26%], p=0.003). Small for gestational age was more common in type 2 diabetes (5 [4%] vs 32 [10%], p=0.045). Adjusting for diabetes type and baseline features, HbA1c>6.5% in 1st and >6% in 2nd and 3rd trimesters and >15% insulin decrease in 3rd trimester were associated with preeclampsia, 3rd trimester HbA1c>6% an independent predictor (OR 4.7) irrespective of 1st trimester HbA1c. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) (OR 3.4) and 3rd trimester HbA1c>6% (OR 3.6), irrespective of 1st trimester HbA1c, were independent predictors of LGA. Third trimester HbA1c>6% was associated with NICU (OR 3.7). Conclusion: Type 1 and 2 diabetes have distinct risk profiles for adverse outcomes. Early and late pregnancy glycemic control and GWG are modifiable targets during pregnancy.

 Y.J.Rhou: None. N.Cheung: None. S.Padmanabhan: None.


substituted 6 aza 2' deoxyuridines are inhibitors of herps simplex virius type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV 1 TK). In this paper, the semiempirical self consistent field PM3 calculations have been undertaken for two typical HSV 1 TK inhibitors: compound (I) and (II)(to see Fig.1). Their active sites have been discussed on the basis of studies of electronic structure and correlative analysis. The molecular docking between the two inhibitors and HSV 1 TK active center has also been carried out. It is found that the major binding forces between the two inhibitors and enzyme arise from hydrogen bonding interactions and lipophilic stacking interactions. The result may be used for rational molecular design of new and more potent HSV 1 TK inhibitors.


Parameters of 15 types of magnetic supports are presented. Supports acting on the attraction of a dc electromagnet towards a ferromagnetic strip and on the repulsion forces, using superconducting loops, are recommended as promising for high-speed surface transport. The block diagram of a dc electromagnetic suspension system is analyzed. Systems of traction electric drives with linear asynchronous motors for high speed surface transport are considered.


The Rheum species are important medicinal plants that are facing extinction due to their unplanned development and overexploitation by pharmaceutical industries. DNA polymorphisms are not prone to environmental modifications, thus they are widely used for the identification and characterization of plants. The use of different molecular markers has enabled the researchers for the valuation of genetic variability and diversity in its natural zone of distribution. The conventional approach may take several years to yield this information. For the estimation of molecular and genetic variations in geographical zone of distribution, various molecular markers technique are available like RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism), ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats), SSR and AFLP. The uses of different molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity have been discussed in the review.


The low use of creative teaching materials following technological developments impacts student motivation and learning outcomes. This study aims to develop e-modules using the FlipHTML5 application on chemical bonding material. The types and sources of data are qualitative (suggestions and comments from the validator team and respondents) and quantitative (scores from the validator team and respondents). The research subjects were 24 students and three chemistry teachers. The analysis technique used is the validity analysis technique using a Likert scale of 1 to 5 and a user response questionnaire. The results of the validation data analysis on the feasibility aspects of content, language, presentation, graphics, and application utilization were 88%, 86%, 96.67%, 83.33%, and 82.85%, respectively, with very valid criteria. E-modules obtained valid criteria according to the validator and were tested for responses to three chemistry teachers and 24 students. The results of the average percentage of student and teacher responses were 98.43% and 88.52%, respectively. The conclusion obtained from the results of the data analysis is that the resulting e-module using the FlipHTML5 application on chemical bond material is valid and can be used in the learning process.


This study aims to know the concept of renewal in the rhymed poem, and the changes that occurred in the modern poem, and the distinction between the value of the rhymed and its current position, then talk about rhymed poetry, and define it and its controls to evoke a poetic state in the collection of "Jarrar al-Nur" by the poet "Abdul Nasser Abdel Mawla And an indication of the features of renewal in this diwan, and in the folds of this research we include the concept of renewal in the Arabic poem, and the manifestations of this renewal, and the definition of the poet as one of the poets who called for preserving the rhymed poem, and the most prominent new templates that are more free and diverse, in order to make it clear to connoisseurs of literature the general picture For rhymed poetry, and the importance of the vertical poem.


David Kilcullen, Out of the Mountains: The Coming Age of the Urban Guerrilla (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013), Pages: 342, Price: Rs. 1,317.12.David Kilcullen is one of the most celebrated and influential counterinsurgency experts today. Based on his academic background in the political anthropology of conflict and his personal experiences in counterinsurgency operations as a light infantry officer and later as a senior counterinsurgency advisor to the United States government in Iraq and Afghanistan, Kilcullen has written extensively on counterinsurgency, strategy and irregular warfare. His previous books, The Accidental Guerrilla (2009) and Counterinsurgency (2010) respectively discuss how, like a contagion, Islamist terrorists/insurgents take advantage of any conflict situation in a society to gain the support of the population and establish themselves, and how counterinsurgency operations should focus on neutralising the networks of terrorists/insurgents through a "strategy of disaggregation". Out of Mountains: The Coming Age of the Urban Guerrilla is Kilcullen's latest offering, and this time around he brings his focus to bear on urban insurgency.Kilcullen asserts that future conflicts will not take place in remote, forested, mountainous and rural areas but will occur in densely populated, ungoverned, and digitally connected cities of the low income countries because conflict invariably happens where people are and in future it will be cities where the maximum population will be concentrated. He reinforces his argument by citing various studies in demography and economic geography that have identified four "megatrends" shaping future conflicts: population growth, urbanisation, littoralisation, and connectedness. According to him, a look at the present trends in population growth and urbanisation indicate that rapid urbanisation is taking place along coastal belts in the less developed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America where inhabitants have increased access to internet and mobile phones. By 2050, approximately 75 per cent of the world's population will live in urban areas.However, why and how would these cities become centres of conflict and violence? Kilcullen argues that every city has a carrying capacity and overstretching of this capacity results in conflicts. In low income countries, rapid urbanisation is accompanied by increased rural to urban migration, which puts enormous population pressure on a city's resources such as housing, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, etc. As the pressure increases, the city administration fails to provide its inhabitants with basic amenities and security, thus creating pockets of poverty, unemployment, pollution, lawlessness and organised crime. He refers to these cities as "feral cities", a term borrowed from Richard Norton. A feral city is where governance has collapsed at the local level, especially in the slums and periurban areas, and criminal gangs, drug lords and extremists swiftly move in to fill the vacuum. These non-state actors take advantage of the sense of alienation and marginalisation among the slum dwellers and exploit the illicit networks such as smuggling, trafficking of drugs, weapons and contraband to establish and consolidate their groups, as well as to fight off external intervention. Mogadishu is a typical feral city.In any insurgency, the support of the local population is vital. Kilcullen explains that non-state actors establish their dominance among the population through "competitive control". He argues that by employing a wide spectrum of tactics such as coercion, administration and persuasion, non-state actors create a normative, predictable and orderly system, thereby lulling the local population into believing that they are in a secure and safe environment. He, however, stresses that it is coercion to which the population responds the most because faced with a powerful authority people will do exactly what is told to them in order to be safe. …


The aim of this article is to provide the linguistic ideas underpinning the linguistic program of the missionaries within the framework of the Spanish linguistic tradition. A corpus of books was selected from the early classic Mesoamerican period to examine the Nahuatl, Purepecha, Zapotec and Mixtec traditions. For the analysis of these books, a historiographical approach was used to emphasize the importance of the agent in the linguistic production and the epistemological relevance of the transtextuality phenomena, focusing particularly on the paratext. The analysis of the general conceptions about language and native languages, which are documented in the texts analyzed from the period of the missionary linguistics, leads to the setting of a number of statements shared by the missionaries under scrutiny with its main arguments (primarily scriptural), images and examples.


The paper describes a FORTRAN computer program, ISTORE, designed to simulate the optimum operation of an ice-storage air-conditioning system under a time-of-use electricity tariff. The model uses capital cost and operating cost data to optimise the sizes of the component chiller set and store for an annual operating cycle which can take into account several different seasonal load conditions. Where applicable, the model can also optimise settings for maximum electricity demand. The model provides comprehensive graphical and printed output which allows optimum control strategies to be quickly identified.

An example study is given which indicates that considerable savings are available under a maximum demand tariff by using the ice-storage technology as a load management device to reduce air-conditioning costs.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a non-contact gesture command authentication method. The non-contact gesture command authentication method includes the steps of obtaining a non-contact gesture motion image input by a user, identifying gesture command information according to the non-contact gesture motion image, judging whether operation behaviors corresponding to the gesture command information require permission validation or not, judging whether identify information corresponding to palm print or fingerprint information has the permission for executing the operation behaviors or not with the user palm print or fingerprint information extracted according to the non-contact gesture motion image if the operation behaviors corresponding to the gesture command information require permission validation, executing the operation behaviors corresponding to the gesture command information if the identify information corresponding to the palm print or fingerprint information has the permission for executing the operation behaviors, and refusing to execute the operation behaviors corresponding to the gesture command information if the identify information corresponding to the palm print or fingerprint information does not have the permission for executing the operation behaviors. The embodiment of the invention further correspondingly discloses a user device. By means of the non-contact gesture command authentication method and the user device, permission validation on non-contact gesture commands can be achieved, and the convenience is guaranteed; meanwhile, the safety is improved, and the user experience is strengthened.


For the grounding of the program of the wide-aperture several THz bandwidth CO2 laser amplifier creation it was initiated the experimental investigation of a HF laser radiation transformation in a multiatmospheric C02/He medium. The C02/3He mixture (46x50x63 mm3, 4 atm) was pumped by the 1P8 spectral line of the pulsed chemical HF laser (85 J, 1 ps). Transverse pumping geometry was used. Up to the power density of 2.7 MW/cm2 an absorption saturation was not observed. At the deposited energy of 58 J and output coupling of 20% it was obtained CO2 laser pulse of 2.7 J (quantum efficiency was about 1 8.6%). The estimated small-signal gain was of 0.05 cm1


Significantly higher levels of erythrocyte membrane microviscosity (MV) [η̅: 5.22 ± 0.17 (4.70–5.92), mean ± SD (range), poise, N = 67, P < 0.005] measured by fluorescence depolarization using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a fluorescent probe were found in diabetic patients when compared with normal controls [5.05 ± 0.15 (4.70–5.29), N = 22]. No significant differences in MV existed between males and females, nor was MV significantly correlated with diabetic age, duration of diabetes, plasma cholesterol, cholesterol/phospholipid ratios, and plasma lecithin :cholesterol acyltransferase activities. No significant difference in MV was observed between groups with or without diabetic retinopathy. There was, however, significantly higher MV [5.29 ± 0.19 (5.00–5.92), N = 20, P < 0.05] in the group with fasting blood glucose (FBG) > 140 mg/dl than that [5.19 ± 0.15 (4.70–5.46), N = 47] in the group with FBG < 140 mg/dl. The changes in erythrocyte membrane MV presented in this study appear to be related to the current metabolic control of diabetic patients and are considered to be one of the factors responsible for the reduced erythrocyte deformability in diabetes.


The reported Rb-Sr studies demonstrate a complex heterogeneity of lunar polymict breccia 14321 and exclude significant thermal metamorphism of 14321 in a hot ejecta blanket. While basalt clast 14321,371 is found to have an age of about 4.0 b.y., corresponding to the previously determined time of internal equilibration for another sample, the results for two microbreccia clasts from 14321,554 and 14321,220 indicate the lack of complete equilibration at that time. Light matrix samples are indistinguishable from the basalt with respect to K, Rb, and Sr, and, in contrast to the matrix from subsample 14321,184, the light matrix samples contain no appreciable KREEP-rich component.


FROM the operational viewpoint, a rare donor can be defined as one that cannot be immediately identified from the blood container label and would likely be hard to find by special tests on bloods already present on the blood bank shelves. Thus, in most hospitals c (hr')-negative would be rare at any given moment, even though its frequency in the general population is 20 per cent. Type e(hr")-negative is rare in all blood banks, although nearly 3 per cent of Caucasians lack e. It is an especially important type because, in addition to the e-negative mothers and transfusion recipients who may become sensitized to e by pregnancy or transfusion, anti-e is one of the common antibodies found in e-positive patients with acquired auto-immune hemolytic anemia. Every hospital needs a list of e-negative donors. Type k-negative is needed with some regularity, and is within the capability of most hospital blood banks, though it is found in only 0.3 per cent of Caucasians and is rarer still in other ethnic groups. Between these extremes are many Lypes of intermediate frequency that are of sufficient importance to be on a list of donors that are readily available in emergencies. The list should include M--, S-, s-, P-, Le(a-), K-, Fy(a-), Fy(b-), Jk(a-) and Jk(b-) donors. All bloods on the list should if possible be typed for all the factors listed, so that when patients with multiple antibodies are encountered it may be possible to find on the list donors who lack the several antigens against which the patient has antibodies. Samples of all these bloods may be frozen, using DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or other additives to protect the cells during freezing and thawing. These frozen samples serve as a reference panel in identifying new examples of familiar antibodies or showing that an antibody is unfamiliar (and perhaps "new"). When tested with the serum of a patient with problem antibodies, the frozen samples serve as preliminary compatibility tests of possible donors. The most important candidates for this list are persons on the hospital staff and others who can be reached easily and are willing donors. The entire list may consist of group 0 people.


A method of age determination, new in birds, is described. The method has been derived from similar methods commonly used to determine age of fishes, amphibians, reptilians, and mammals. It consists of demonstrating, by preparation of transverse transparent sections, the presence of annual deposits in the periosteal zone (= zone of outer circumferential lamellae) of bone. Evidence is presented that the layered structures in the periosteal zone are indeed annual and thus related with age.


Based on defining the conception of dynamic knowledge competence,a framework of identifying dynamic knowledge capabilities is built and a step-by-step procedure method is presented in order to analyze and identify dynamic knowledge competence.In this method,firstly,knowledge capabilities are identified according to value chain;then,key knowledge capabilities are identified from view of customer value;thirdly,core knowledge competences are identified from view of collectiveness and uniqueness;finally,dynamic knowledge competences are identified according to flexibility.A practical example is provided for explaining how to use the way to know dynamic knowledge capabilities.


The Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were stressed with different concentrations of benzo(a) pyrene and depurated to determine the hemocyte lysosomal membrane stability and hydrolytic enzymatic activity as a biomarker candidate to the chemical, using NRR (neutral red retention) and API ZYM System, respectively. The membrane damage measured as NRR decrease was significant with the increase of chemical concentration and exposure time (P-galactosidase, -glucuronidase, and N-acetyl- -glucosaminidase. Of them, only two enzymes, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, showed some potential available for the generation of enzymatic biomarker in the oyster. The results are suggestive of the potential availability of the cellular and enzymatic properties as a biomarker. However, considering that a robust biomarker should be insensitive to natural stress coming from normal physiological variation, but sensitive to pollutants, a concept of intrinsic stress the animal possesses should be taken into consideration. This reflects the necessity of further research on the intrinsic stress affecting the cellular and enzymatic properties of the chemicalstressed oysters prior to using the data as a biomarker.


Abstract : For millennia, planners of military operations have used the cover of darkness to advantage to prosecute vitally important missions. A majority of critically important missions now occur when darkness provides a measure of covertness. Those who are properly trained and equipped to operate at night will possess a tactical advantage over those who are not similarly prepared. Training environments providing credible representation of the night environment and associated effects are vital to help prepare Warfighters for tactical success in night operations, yet night training opportunities often are limited. A survey of all exhibits at a premier training and simulation conference in 2011 revealed that only 2.5% showcased anything that represented the night environment and/or the associated unique effects. This suggests that development of products for training night operations receives relatively little attention despite the number and criticality of missions that may occur during darkness. To address this apparent imbalance, this paper briefly reviews technical aids commonly used by Warfighters during night operations, and examines simulate vs stimulate approaches and tradeoffs in night training simulator environments. The paper then focuses on research challenges and opportunities associated with creating credible virtual and constructive night training environments, with a discussion of equipment, networked simulations, essential representation effects, and standards.


The efficient and accurate evaluation of the transmission performance of high-capacity optical communication systems has always attracted significant research attentions. The enhanced Gaussian noise (EGN) model is considered as an excellent solution to predict the system performance taking into account linear and nonlinear transmission impairments. Since the conventional form of the EGN model is complicated and intractable for a fast computation, the closed-form simplification has been regarded as a direction to significantly reduce the computational complexity. However, the accuracy of such a closed-form EGN model becomes a main concern in the application of ultra-wideband optical communication systems. In this work, we have investigated the accuracy of the closed-form EGN model for ultra-wideband optical fiber communication systems, where the performance of the system using electronic dispersion compensation, multi-channel nonlinearity compensation and full-field nonlinearity compensation has been evaluated in terms of symbol rate, number of channels and signal power. Our work will provide an insight on the application of the EGN model in next-generation ultra-wideband long-haul optical fiber communication networks.


Solid solutions of (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x were investigated using dielectric spectroscopy. In part I of this work results on thermally equilibrated (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x alloys are presented. The molar polarizability of liquid and plastic C2F6 was determined. The phase diagram of (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x was studied in detail. It exhibits two eutectic points and a large miscibility gap. In a high‐temperature orientationally disordered phase mixed crystals can be grown up to CClF3 concentrations x≊0.5; in the low‐temperature ordered state solid solutions are stable for x≤0.25. The dielectric loss spectra indicate that in (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x different relaxation channels are available for the CClF3 dipoles.


The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of Korean red ginseng in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. The db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control group (DC), Korean red ginseng group (KRG, 100 ㎎/㎏) and metformin group (MET, 300 ㎎/㎏), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. Compared to the DC group, fasting blood glucose levels were decreased by 19.8% in KRG-, 67.7% in MET-treated group. With decreased plasma glucose and insulin levels, the insulin resistance index of the KRG-treated group was reduced by 27.6% compared to the DC group. The HbA1c levels in KRG and MET-treated groups were also decreased by 11.0% and 18.9% compared to that of DC group, respectively. Plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased by 18.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were increased by 20.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in the KRG-treated group compared to those in DC group. Histological analyses of the liver and fat tissue of mice treated with KRG revealed significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and decreased size of adipocytes compared to the DC group. From the pancreatic islet double-immunofluorescence staining, we observed KRG has increased insulin contents, but decreased glucagon production. To elucidate action mechanism of KRG, effects on AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target proteins responsible for fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were explored in the liver. KRG activated AMPK and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylations, resulting in stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. KRG also caused to down regulation of SREBP1a and its target gene expressions such as FAS, SCD1 and GPAT. In summary, our results suggest that KRG exerted the anti-diabetic effect through AMPK activation in the liver of db/db mice.


This paper focuses on Gabriela Mistral's after 1925 thought pedagogic. It is the first time she comes back to Chile from abroad. She then withdraws from teaching and stays in the country until she starts her life as a diplomat. Henceforth, a progressive distance and scepticism from the school as an educational institution starts to develop. She explores two possible answers to this problem. On the one hand, she queries the possibility of unschooling the didactic matrix of the school. On the other, she reflects on the education that autodidacticism provides the non-schooled. For this purpose, this paper takes into consideration the latter approach and the way that it relates to Mistral's view of the reading process as formation of a reader-as-creator.


Binary and ternary Sn-based alloy powders were successfully prepared by chemical reduction method. The physical properties of the alloy powders were determined by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and nitrogen adsorption method. From the X-ray diffractogram showed that introduction of high concentration of third elements (Mn and Fe) caused the peaks to become more distinct as compared to the binary alloys. Increasing stirring time decreased the crystallite size as calculated using Scherrer's equation. Analysis by using FESEM showed that high composition of third element in Sn-Co system gave spheroid particles in the range of 36.4 to 73.5 nm. Elemental analysis of ternary Sn-based alloy powders synthesized by chemical reduction method was studied using EDX showed the existence of each elements used in the binary and ternary alloy powders. Binary and ternary Sn-based alloy powders showed similar trends for all cycles in charge/discharge test. The first cycle exhibits higher discharge capacity compared to the second and third cycles. Large difference between the experimental and the theoretical values in alloy powders may be due to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase, irreversible Li trapping during charging process and disintegration of the electrode.


This paper examines micro (individual-level)-aspects of knowledge transfer and learning in international joint ventures in an emerging economy context. Learning by expatriate and local managers appears far more complex, mutually dependent, and significant to the knowledge transfer process than suggested in the existing literature. Building upon conceptualisations of individual learning and cognitive-behavioural effects in an organisational context while drawing evidence from two cases of Danish-Vietnamese joint ventures, we propose a model of individual-level knowledge transfer and learning in IJVs. With this model, we expect to enhance our understanding of micro-foundations of learning in emerging economy joint ventures and to encourage future research that takes individual learning effects into consideration.


As a grand social engineering,"social management innovation"(SMI)constitutes an important part of China's social development strategy of the new era.Currently,various practical difficulties of local governance show that the status and role of local government in China's overall social governance system still does not receive enough attention and adequate research.The central concern of this study is that,under the background of the downward pressure on China's economy continuing to increase,the social conflicts and issues that have frequently happened,and with how the social construction and social management at local government level enters into the institutionalized stage,which is so-called social management"new normal"problems.By selecting cities to be replaced as Z,W,B and G,the article explores four types of system models of the local governments'social management innovation:Politics and Law Committee System,Civil Affairs System,Social Work Committee System and Mass Work Committee System.Each System model may be defined by four dimensions:leading sector,organization structure,functional system and the logic of governance.It also represents the different ways,boundary conditions and values the Party and Government intervenes and manages the society.As for the leading sector,the subjects of social management include the party and the government,which are combined by two types of"integration"and"separation".The objectives of social management include social order and social vigor.This facilitates establishing an ideal typology of social management systems.There are four main factors that influence the local government to choose the different models of social management system:the level of economic development and social development stage,the differences of geographical and environmental conditions,the policy support and attention of the central,and the attention of the local party and government leaders.The proposed conceptual model of social management systems contribute to a better understanding of the theoretical schema and the target path of social institution reform,the complex interaction between state and society,and the modernization of state governance systems.


Pressure−volume−temperature (P−V−T) properties were measured for 1-octanol + acetophenone, the polymer solutions of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) with the mixed solvents of 1-octanol and acetophenone, and the polymer blends of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) (PEGME) with anisole at temperatures from 298.15 K to 348.15 K and pressures up to 50 MPa. The Tait equation represents accurately the pressure effect on the liquid densities over the entire pressure range. The experimental-specific volumes of the constituent binary systems were correlated with the Flory−Orwoll−Vrij and the Schotte equations of state to determine the binary interaction parameters. By use of these determined binary parameters, the equations of state predicted the specific volumes to average absolute deviations of better than 0.13% for the ternary mixtures composed of PPG with the mixed solvents and the polymer blends of PEG/PEGME with anisole.


BACKGROUND: We recently reported that infusion of ultraviolet light B (UVB)‐exposed human platelets (HPs) can be the second event that mediates acute lung injury (ALI) in a two‐event mouse model of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (mTRALI). We have now identified changes in HPs induced by UVB light and responses of the recipient animal that mediate the mTRALI.


The analysis of Technical-Tactical performance Indicators (TTI) is a subject of study within many specialist sports, as they define performance and enable us to establish to what extent the course of the game is determined. This study aims to design a tool that accurately evaluates TTI in amateur and professional padel players. Twelve experts evaluated and approved a document in which typical padel TTI's were grouped into different categories, together forming a Systematic Observation Sheet, which recorded their frequency of occurrence. Four observers analysed 371 game actions using the Systematic Observation Sheet, calculating the reliability of the comments among the different observers with the Cohen Kappa indexes.


Abstract In this paper we establish a Hamack inequality for Kolmogorov equations. Our method is based on mean value formulas for solutions of the equation and estimates of the fundamental solution.


In order to develop and construct biomass combustion power generation project in Guangxi,the paper makes a brief introduction to Guangxi's comprehensive utilization situations of agricultural and forestry biomass resources as well as the planning and construction situations of biomass combustion power generation.Besides,the industry policy of biomass combustion power generation and energy development plan of Guangxi are analyzed,at last,some suggestions are given on healthyand orderlydevelopment ofbiomass combustion power generation in Guangxi.


Treatment of Triton X-100 solubilized platelet membrane with the homobifunctional cross-linker dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) resulted in covalent cross-linking of the platelet integrin αIIbβ3(gpIIb/IIIa), the fibrinogen receptor, into three high-molecular-mass complexes with apparent Mrof 200, 220 and 240 k. Generation of these cross-linked αIIbβ3aggregates depended on the presence of a native receptor structure and was not influenced by Ca2+ions and other experimental conditions. Immunoblotting analysis of purified 200/220/240 kDa aggregates revealed that they were made up exclusively by αIIband β3integrin chains in roughly stoichiometric amounts. We therefore conclude that αIIbβ3integrin occurs in different conformations in the platelet membrane that can be directly detected by chemical cross-linking.


A technique was developed for preparation of Frankia symbiotic vesicles, free of hyphae. The symbiotic vesicles were isolated by isopycnic centrifugation of disrupted Frankia vesicle clusters prepared from root nodules of Alnus incana (L.) Moench. Activities in symbiotic vesicles were compared with activities in intact symbiotic vesicle clusters on a total protein basis. Respiratory capacity was tested with 6-phosphogluconate, malate + glutamate, and NADH as added substrates. With all three substrates, specific respiration was doubled after symbiotic vesicle isolation. Nitrogenase was used as a symbiotic vesicle specific marker and its specific activity increased similarly to respiration. Activities of four respiratory enzymes were assayed on crude cell-free extracts obtained after sonication of symbiotic vesicle preparations. According to the increased specific rates after symbiotic vesicle isolation, NAD+:6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 18.104.22.168) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 188.8.131.52) ...


The concept of conditioning in probability theory forms the basis for study in many areas of information sciences and systems. Even so, the subject of conditioning is often shrouded in heuristics, misunderstood, and misused. This paper considers several aspects of conditioning with an emphasis on applications and explores several consequences of an overly cavalier approach to the oft neglected measuretheoretic subtleties involved in this area. L INTRODUCTION Conditioning in probability theory is a widely recurring concept in many areas of information sciences and systems. For example, conditioning is central to many papular techniques in applied probability and, in fact, lies at the heart of many aspects of estimation thwry. In spite of this widespread popularity, the subject of conditioning is commonly misunderstood and tools involving conditioning are frequently misapplied. To rephrase Doob [5, p.v], conditioning is simply a branch of measure theory, and no attempt should be made to sugarcoat this fact. Unfartunately, many efforts at research have apparently been undertaken without appropriate concern for the measure-theoretic subtleties associated with the concept of conditioning. In this paper we review several aspects of conditioning and make a modest attempt to suggest caveats which seem to have been frequently overlooked by many in this area. Although several of our results are well known to the specialist in measure theory, they nevertheless seem to have been overlooked by many working in information sciences and systems. In what follows, for a topological space T, we will let B (T) denote the family of Bore1 subsets of T. Also, we recall that a subset of a set is said to be cocountable if its complement is countable. Further, for a subset S, we will let Sc denote the complement of S, and we will let Is denote the indicator function of S. In addition, we will let N denote the set of positive integers, Q denote the set of rational numbers, and R denote the set of real numbers. Finally, for a randbm variable X, a(X) will denote the a-subalgebra generated by X.


The aim of the work was to determine which part of biomass remains in the forest in the form of so-called logging residue. In order to achieve the result, the analysis of wood volume harvested in the final felling was carried out, and the total volume was broken down into different parts of trees. Furthermore, to estimate the wood volume of the forest stand, on each of the experimental plots 10 model trees were chosen based on Draudt method. Assuming that the thickness of wood acquired from forest is bigger than 4 cm, it is possible to assume that the part of biomass which remains in the forest in the form of the branches and conifer needles ranges from 10% to 12% of general amount of biomass.


Spontaneous abortion is the expulsion of a foetus before the 28th week of gestation. Studies approximate that 10-25% of pregnancies are lost due to miscarriages. This phenomenon's aetiology remains a mystery hence uncertainty of detecting its cause. Furthermore, most pregnant women realize they have conceived later in the gestation period and some start antenatal care late during the pregnancy.In Kenya, total fertility rate has decreased for the last three decades from 8.1 to 3.9. However, with the decrease of total fertility rate, prevalence of maternal mortality and morbidity factors has greatly impacted on the pregnancy. Among them is spontaneous abortion. This study used secondary data from Kenyatta national hospital and employed logistic regression to model miscarriage's risk factors, investigate socio demographic and lifestyle factors, to investigate interactions among identified risk factors and fit a predictive model. Significant socio demographic factors identified were age and recurrent miscarriage. A woman who had experienced prior miscarriage had a 7.5-fold risk. Lifestyle factors identified were body mass index, diabetes mellitus and HIV. Underweight women had a 13.2-fold risk. There were significant interactions between gravidity and previous miscarriage; diabetes and body mass index. A predictive model was fit. The model has a good measure of separability, 80% classification accuracy and it is significant.


We investigated the spatial resolution of a laser-scanning semiconductor-based pH-imaging sensor both experimentally and theoretically. A spatial resolution better than 100 µ m was obtained by thinning the Si substrate to 100 µ m. The simulation results on the spatial resolution based on a carrier diffusion model agreed well with those obtained by experiment. From the simulation results, we also predicted the optimal choice of parameters of Si substrate (thickness, doping, etc.) for the pH-imaging sensor.


This wireless device has a power supply information acquisition unit, a rating value calculation unit, and a path selection unit. The power supply information acquisition unit acquires power supply information indicating whether the power supply of a neighboring wireless device or the device itself is an internal power supply or an external power supply. The rating value calculation unit, if the power supply information acquired by the power supply information acquisition unit indicates an internal power supply, calculates a first value as a rating value of a path between the neighboring wireless device and the device itself. The rating value calculation unit, if the power supply information indicates an external power supply, calculates a second value representing being of higher quality than the first value as the rating value. The path selection unit selects a neighboring wireless device corresponding to the rating value representing being of highest quality among a sum of a rating value for a path from each neighboring wireless device to a destination and the rating value calculated at the rating value calculation unit, as a forwarding destination when transmitting packets to the destination.


Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) has been and remains a chronic contributory problem limiting the productivity of salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Control of this disease will not come easily, but it would lead to a tremendous increase in the health and numbers of salmon populations. Vaccination of salmon to Renibacterium salmoninarum (KDB) is a potentially successful method of controlling this disease. To date, however, no successful vaccine has been developed for general use. A possible solution to this problem, and thus the goal of this research, is to isolate the antigenic components of KDB and enhance their ability to activate the host defenses. This will be accomplished by the chemical modification of these antigens with potent immunomodulatory substances. These modified antigens will then be tested for their effectiveness in inducing immunity to BKD and thereby preventing the disease. The goal of the project's fourth year was to test the immunogenicity and prophylactic value in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of various--chemical conjugates of Renibacterium salmoninarum cell and major antigens. This was accomplished by assessing the serum antibody response, the cellular immune response (chemiluminescence), and the kinetics of mortality after lethal injections of the bacteria. The studies completed this year have: (1) identified immunization procedures which enhance the induction of high levels of antibody; (2) identified functionally distinct serum antibodies which may possess different abilities to protect salmon against BKD; (3) begun the isolation and characterization of anti-R. salmoninarum antibodies which may correlate with varying degrees of protection; (4) identified chemiluminescence as a potential method for assessing cellular immunity to bacterial kidney disease; and (5) characterized two monoclonal antibodies to R. salmoninarum which will be of benefit in the diagnosis of this disease.


The invention relates to a PET release film for an aluminizing base material. The PET release film is characterized by comprising a base film layer, an intermediate layer and a release layer, wherein the intermediate layer is a high-elasticity fiber layer, the release layer is formed by coating a mold release agent, the mold release agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of polyethylene wax particle, 20-42 parts of vinyl organic silicon resin, 10-25 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 1-8 parts of fluorine-containing polysiloxane, 1-5 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-2 parts of flatting agent, and 15-30 parts of solvent. The components of the release film are mutually matched, the base film layer is evenly coated with the release layer , the surface of the aluminizing base material is effectively prevented from being scratched to leave a mark due to the arrangement of the high-elasticity fiber layer as the intermediate layer, the processing and the use of the aluminizing base material are promoted, and meanwhile, the PET release film shows a slight stable release force and an excellent wear resistance property due to the existence of the polyethylene wax particle.


Comparison of the mRNA expression rates of the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor β , and bone morphogenic protein 2b anal, The Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes , Teleostei) is a model organism frequently utilized for experiments in various fields such as reproductive biology and the study of sex determination. The medaka was recently used as a sensitive bio-indicator of exogenous active endocrine chemicals. In the genus Oryzias, males can be distinguished from females by the secondary sex characters of fins. The dorsal and anal fins of males are usually longer than those of females. In contrast, the pectoral fins of females are longer than those of males. Papillar processes are present on the anal and pectoral fins only in males. In addition, leucophores are well developed on the caudal fin in males. In males, the numbers of papillar processes on the anal and pectoral fins and of leucophores on the caudal fin increase during the breeding season. The Thai medaka ( Oryzias minutillus ) is widely distributed in Thailand. This species inhabits shallow ponds, ditches, and paddy fields. The secondary sex characters of fins in male Thai medaka are similar to those in male Japanese medaka, and the dorsal and anal fins are likewise longer in males than in females. In this study, we sought to clarify the molecular-biological background of the secondary sex characters of fins between normal males and females by examining mRNA expression levels of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) β , and Bone morphogenic protein 2b (Bmp2b) in the dorsal, anal, pectoral, and caudal fins in Japanese and Thai medaka. In addition, we examined how these genes are expressed in the fins of sex-undeterminable individuals of Thai medaka by comparing the expression levels to those


Trim tabs form an important part of motion control systems on high-speed watercraft. By altering the pitch angle, significant improvements in propulsion efficiency can be achieved by reducing overall resistance. For a ship in heavy seas, trim tabs can also be used to reduce structural loads by changing the vessel orientation in response to encountered waves. In this study, trials have been conducted in the University of Tasmania hydraulics laboratory using a closed- circuit water tunnel to measure model scale trim tab forces. The model scale system replicates the stern tabs on the full- scale INCAT Tasmania 112 m high-speed wave-piercer catamaran. The model was designed for total lift force measurement and pressure tappings allowed for pressures to be measured at fixed locations on the underside of the hull and tab. This investigation examines the pressures at various flow velocities and tab deflection angles for the case of horizontal vessel trim. A simplified two-dimensional CFD model of the hull and tab has also been analysed using ANSYS CFX software. The results of model tests and CFD indicate that the maximum pressure occurs in the vicinity of the tab hinge and that the pressure distribution is long-tailed in the direction forward of the hinge. This accounts for the location of the resultant lift force, which is found to act forward of the tab hinge.


This extensive examination of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey, Iraq, Germany, and the EU focuses on the history and development of the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) and its impact on transnational security, human rights, and democratization. * Quotes from numerous sources reflect the many different perspectives on how to resolve the conflict with the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) * Offers a glossary of Turkish language terms, abbreviations, and acronyms, such as KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) * Includes a brief Turkish pronunciation guide


The objective of this correlational predictive research study was to investigate the predictive ability of symptom distress, social support, and uncertainty, on quality of life (QoL) among breast-cancer survivors at one year post-treatment, and thereafter. Mishel's Model of Uncertainty in Illness (1990) was used as the conceptual framework for the study. Eighty-five survivors of breast cancer, undergoing treatment at the Out-Patient Department of Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiotherapy, Lopburi Cancer Center, comprised the sample group. Data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (Short Form), the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, i.e. frequency, percentage, mean, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, and testing for predictive power by multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that symptom distress, social support, and uncertainty, were able to jointly explain 46.7% of the variance in QoL among breast-cancer survivors, with statistical significance (R 2 =0.467, F (3, 81) =23.70, P <0.01). Symptom distress best predicted QoL (Beta=-0.449), followed by social support (Beta=0.244), and uncertainty, which showed minimal power in predicting QoL (Beta=-0.209). The study findings suggest that nurses should be aware of residual symptom distress and help manage these symptoms, while reducing uncertainty and promoting social support, to improve the quality of life of breast-cancer survivors. (Thai cancer j 2012;32:2-14)


A hybrid-driven mechanical press for deep drawing is presented. The analysis of forward kinematics and optimum model are set up. Firstly, the geometrical parameters are synthesized. Secondly, the slider′s motion rule are optimized by using Bezier curve. Therefore, by rightly designing the input motion of servomotor, the slider can pass through a group of more desired trajectory. In the end, the advantage of hybrid-driven mechanical press are analyzed by the results of computer simulation.


FIELD: looms. SUBSTANCE: device has casing made of high strength aluminium plate with central hole and rotating ring-shaped central steel bushing bearing load. The bushing surface is thermally treated and inserted into the hole in the casing. It is locked by means of plastic deformation of the external ring-shaped edge of the bushing. EFFECT: simplified manufacturing process. 4 dwg


The recent development of several organic materials with large nonlinear susceptibilities, high damage threshold and low melting points encouraged researchers to employ these materials in fiber form to efficiently couple diode laser pumps and obtain enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG). In this paper we report the growth of single crystal cored fibers of 4-nitro-4'-methylbenzylidene aniline, ethoxy methoxy chalcone and (-)2-((alpha) -methylbenzylamino)-5- nitropyridine by inverted Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. The fibers were grown in glass capillaries with varying internal diameters and lengths and were characterized using x-ray and polarizing microscope techniques. The propagation loss at 632.8 nm and 1300 nm were measured and SHG was studied using 1064 nm pump.


The study of solutions to enhance oil recovery has been widely used, mainly due to large amount of oil that remains in reservoirs after primary and secondary recoveries. Solutions with good potential to recovery must have some specific characteristics such as low water/oil interfacial tension and a moderate viscosity to improve the efficiency of the oil swept. The fluid-rock and oil-rock interactions are of great importance concerning the total oil recovered. Therefore, studies involving wettability of rock surfaces are essential [1]. A traditional method of analysis, which is considered as standard to measures the wettability is the Amott test, however, this method spends too much time and sample preparation [2]. This study analyzes rock wettability using the technique of Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (low-field NMR). This is based on the relaxation rates of the magnetization of water and/or oil molecules, free or bounded at the surface of the pores of the rock [3]. The technique allows a quick determination of the amount of oil removed. In the present study, the size and pores homogeneity of sandstone and carbonate were analyzed using low fieldNMR. The rocks were impregnated with oil and then left in contact with different solutions of surfactants (non-ionic and zwitterionic), being possible to analyze the differences in wettability among them. Several concentrations of surfactants, in which differences in their: functional groups, hydrophobic chain length and number of chains, were studied. The NMR technique revealed excellent results, providing information related to the efficiency of oil extraction for each studied solution.