Objective
To investigate the risk factors and the adverse pregnancy outcomes of non-therapeutic premature birth pregnant patients at different gestational ages.

Methods
The clinical data of 224 non-therapeutic preterm birth patients, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the gestational age, research participants were divided into 4 groups: group A: 28-29+ 6 weeks (38 cases), group B: 30-31+ 6 weeks (32 cases), group C: 32-33+ 6 weeks (42 cases) and group D: 34-36+ 6 weeks (112 cases). The clinical data included risk factors, poor outcomes of mothers and newborns.

Results
Common risk factors of the 224 patients included premature rupture of membranes (147 cases, 65.6%), adverse history of pregnancy and parity (128 cases, 57.1%), history of threatened premature labor (115 cases, 51.3%), in vitro fertilization and embryotransfer pregnancy (87 cases, 38.8%), irregular antenatal examination (53 cases, 23.7%), and twin pregnancy (25 cases, 11.2%). The total duration of labor in the 4 groups were (4.9±3.5) hours, (7.6±3.8) hours, (6.7±2.9) hours and (6.8±2.9) hours, respectively; there were significant differences between group A and the other 3 groups(Q=1.762, 2.719, 1.847, all P value<0.05). The rate of emergency labor in the 4 groups were 44.7% (17 cases), 9.4% (3 cases), 16.7% (7 cases), 14.3% (16 cases), respectively; there were significant differences between group A and the other 3 groups (Q=21.648, 8.207 and 9.783, all P value<0.05). The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia in the 4 groups were 31.6% (12 cases), 12.5% (4 cases), 7.1% (3 cases) and 6.3% (7 cases), respectively; there were significant differences between group A and other 3 groups (Q=4.591, 15.345 and 10.834, all P value<0.05). One-minute Apgar score of the 4 groups were (7.7±3.2) score, (9.1±2.4) score, (9.4±1.2) score, (9.4±1.1) score, respectively; there were significant differences between group A and other 3 groups (Q=2.528, 3.281 and 2.562, all P value<0.05). The birth weights of the 4 groups were (1 555.9±470.9) g, (1 659.3±342.2) g, (1 990.8±306.5) g and (2 515.0±473.4) g, respectively; there were significance differences in the groups, all P value<0.05.

Conclusions
Premature rupture of membrane was the most common risk factor of non-therapeutic preterm birth. For the preterm birth patients with gestational age from 28 to 29+ 6 weeks, we should pay attention to the management, in order to prevent adverse outcomes of the mothers and newborns.

Key words:
Premature birth; Risk factors; Pregnancy outcomes; Gestational age


PURPOSE/BACKGROUND
The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia due to metabolic disturbances is high. Our aim is to survey the effects of sitagliptin on metabolic disturbances associated with olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS/PROCEDURES
In this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 71 patients taking olanzapine (10 to 30 mg) for at least 1 month were randomly allocated to enter 1 of the 2 treatment groups (olanzapine plus placebo or olanzapine plus sitagliptin). Sitagliptin was added to patients 'current medications with the dose of 100 mg/d. Physical examinations and measurement of anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference) and laboratory parameters (fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride) were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12. The patients were assessed for any side effects of the medications in each visit.

FINDINGS/RESULTS
Sixty-one patients (30 in the sitagliptin and 31 in the placebo group) completed the trial. The anthropometric measurements at the end of the study did not differ between the 2 groups. glycated hemoglobin and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the sitagliptin group after 12 weeks. Other metabolic profile revealed either no change or minimal magnitude changes. No major side effect was reported.

IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic disturbances associated with olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia can be modulated by sitagliptin.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease. It causes wear and tear of the articular cartilage of the joint. It is painful and symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and tenderness. Performing daily life activities gets affected over time.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of tramadol versus diclofenac in treating chronic pain due to knee OA and to determine Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with the use of the drugs.

Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients of OA reporting to our hospital with chronic knee pain aged 45–65 years were divided into two treatment groups, tramadol and diclofenac groups, and received the tramadol drug and diclofenac drug orally with doses of 50 mg and 75 mg 2 times a day, respectively, for 8 weeks. Overall improvement was evaluated through various parameters.

Results: There was a 16.73% decrease in time taken to walk 100 feet in the diclofenac group and an 18.30% decrease in the tramadol group. There was a 42.85% decrease in pain score at rest in diclofenac and a 50.72% decrease in the tramadol group. A decrease in pain score during active movement was 32.4% in diclofenac and 44.8% decrease in the tramadol group. The overall incidence of ADRs reported in the study was n = 8 (16%) in the tramadol group and n = 13 (26%) in the diclofenac group.

Conclusions: Tramadol was superior to diclofenac for reducing knee joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, and difficulty in daily performing tasks. There was a significant improvement in the standard of life in patients suffering from knee OA when treated with tramadol.


In this study we contribute to the literature by re-examining the effect of control and ownership of controlling shareholder on corporate valuation, and determining which particular mechanism for enhancing voting rights would achieve the negative entrenchment effect. We take Taiwan listed companies, where the ownership concentration structure is similar to that in East Asian countries, as our sample. We find the corporate value is higher when the largest shareholder owns more cash flow rights (ownership), supporting the positive incentive effect. The negative entrenchment effect becomes evident when the largest shareholder's cash flow rights are less than the median. Therefore, if the cash flow rights owned by the largest shareholder are greater than the median, the positive incentive effect will restrain the negative entrenchment effect. In family-controlled companies, the corporate value will conspicuously decrease if the largest shareholder enhances their voting rights through cross-shareholding, deeply participates in management or controls most board of directors.


The condition of the wheel rail profile combination affects significantly the ride comfort of railway vehicles - especially in later a direction. Starting from a vehicle, which has a worse ride comfort at particular track conditions, simulation calculations help to find methods to improve the comfort by changing vehicle parameters. The major problem by modelling the vehicle is to estimate the missing data. A detailed eigenvalue analysis of the model helps to explain the observed lack of comfort while running on certain tracks. The sensitivity analysis identifies only two vehicle parameters (damping and stiffness in the secondary suspension), which give the opportunity to improve the comfort behaviour. Finally a simulation with real track irregularities demonstrates the potential of the developed methods.


This paper makes an analysis on the cause and harmful effect of vehicle jolting at bridgehead.Several measures for solving the problem are introducted.


Robby Waddell has produced the first full-length study of the pneumatology of Revelation in his recently published The Spirit of the Book of Revelation. For this reason alone it is an important work and therefore worthy of review. That this study is written from a Pentecostal perspective makes it even more interesting. The volume is a revision of Waddell's Ph.D. thesis written at the University of Sheffield and supervised by Loveday C. A. Alexander and John Christopher Thomas. The book consists of four chapters: 1) a survey of modern scholarship on the role of the Spirit in Revelation, 2) a discussion of Revelation and intertextuality with a Pentecostal context, 3) a profile of a Pentecostal reader including a discussion of a Pentecostal hermeneutic for Revelation, and 4) an in-depth study of Revelation 11 that examines the faithful witness of a pneumatic church. The comments in this review article will largely follow the book's order. Waddell opens with the statement that 'the pneumatology of the Apocalypse has received relatively little attention in comparison to other aspects of the Book of Revelation' (7). As he notes correctly, most of the discussion in commentaries and monographs focuses on references either to the seven Spirits (or sevenfold Spirit; 1:4 et al) and to the Spirit. After a review of the interpretive options for the seven Spirits, Waddell rejects the identification as angels and chooses rightly, I think, the view that they are the Spirit of God. He prefers Zechariah 4 as the intertext for the seven Spirits rather than Isaiah 11. Waddell identifies six categories in which the word pneuma occurs in Revelation, noting that all the scholars in his survey discuss at least one of these categories (21). He next reviews the contributions of five scholars including myself in a section called 'Christian Pneumatology'. That essay called 'Revelation 19:10 and Contemporary Interpretation' appeared in a Festschrift for J. Rodman


The current I to a cylindrical probe at rest in an unmagnetized plasma, with probe bias highly positive, is determined. The way I lags behind the orbital-motion-limited (OML) current, IOML∝R, as the radius R exceeds the maximum radius for the OML regime to hold, is of interest for space-tether applications. The ratio I/IOML is roughly a decreasing function of R/λDe−Rmax/λDe, which is independent of bias, with λDe the electron Debye length and Rmax/λDe roughly an increasing function of the temperature ratio, Ti/Te. The dependence of current on ion energy is used to discuss the effect of probe motion through the plasma, a case applying to tethers in low orbit.


In this study, we investigated and validated a method for the quantitative analysis of ethoxyquin in paprika seasonings and sauces, which are frequently consumed in South Korea. Using this analytical method, we were able to confirm the presence of ethoxyquin under optimized high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry conditions. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of ethoxyquin was assessed using the American Spice Trade Association values and its residual levels in paprika seasoning samples. The HPLC-PDA limits of detection and quantification for ethoxyquin were found to be 0.26 and 0.79 μg/mL, and 0.33 to 1.00 μg/mL, and the recoveries of ethoxyquin ranged from 86.75 to 101.70%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.31% to 3.59%. These results indicated that the analytical method in this study should be appropriate for the quantitative analysis of ethoxyquin in paprika seasoning and sauce matrices.


Background: Variceal bleeding is a severe complicaton of portal hypertension due to cirrhosis with high rate of motality. This study to evaluate the accuracy CTP - Creatinine score for predicting early rebleeding and mortality and in first 6 weeks in cirrhosis patient with acute variceal bleeding. Methods: Prospective study in 118 cirrhosis patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding were hospitalized and diagnosed by upper GI endoscopy. Exclusion criteria were patients with chronic kidney diseases. Results: The mean values of the CTP - Crea I and CTP - Crea II score are 9.03 ± 2.73 and 8.97 ± 2.65, respectively. The CTP - Crea I score was valuable in predicting outcomes early rebleeding with AUC = 0.788, early death with AUC = 0.860 and
within the first 6 weeks: rebleeding with AUC = 0.672 and mortality AUC = 0.818. The CTP - Crea II score has predictive value for outcomes early rebleeding with AUC = 0.771, early death with AUC = 0.859 and mortality within the first 6 weeks with AUC = 0.805. Conclusions: CTP - Creatinine scores have good value in predicting outcome in cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding. Can be applied to evaluate and stratify those cirrhosis patients in clinical practice in Vietnam.
Key words: variceal bleeding, CTP, Creatinine.


Increased production of animal products to help feed a world population estimated to reach 8 billion by 2025 is a challenge to animal scientists and molecular biologists. To meet this challenge, existing methods for the control of animal reproduction will have to be modified and new ones developed. For example, future farm animal management schemes will include control of all aspects of reproduction through techniques that permit estrous cycle synchronization and induction, timing of ovulation, improvement of conception rates, prevention of embryonic loss before implantation, and timing of parturition. An increased understanding of corpus luteum (CL) physiology and endocrinology in farm animals will play an important role in the development of these techniques. Failure to detect estrus is the single greatest cause of reproductive inefficiency and economic losses in farm animals. These losses are compounded further by reluctance of producers to use artificial insemination to increase genetic gain in species where estrus detection is difficult and/or time consuming. Likewise, neonatal deaths that occur because assistance was not available at parturition add significantly to the costs of reproductive inefficiency. For these reasons, a great deal of effort has been expended on developing technologies for synchronizing estrus that permit breeding at predetermined times without detection of estrus and inducing parturition. The objective of this article is to discuss the development of the CL of farm animals and methods used to control its function by animal managers. The length of the interestrus interval is a function of progesterone synthesis and release by the CL. Elevated plasma levels of progesterone decrease the pulse frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the adenohypohysis and prevents the development and ovulation of follicles. In nonpregnant animals, return to estrus depends on demise of the CL and the accompanying decrease in progesterone to release the steroid-induced blockade of gonadotropins from the pituitary. Timing of estrus and ovulation can be regulated by decreasing blood progesterone levels through inactivation of the CL or by artificially maintaining circulating levels of progesterone until the CL regresses naturally. In both cases, the absence of progesterone allows development and maturation of follicles destined to ovulate. Although the basis for achieving control of estrus and ovulation in farm animals is simple, development of acceptable methods has been difficult. A review of the characteristics of the reproductive cycles of farm animals (Table 1) may help explain why universal methods for regulating the functional life of the CL have not been developed. Corpora lutea of farm animals are formed by the luteinization of the granulosa and thecal cells of the ovulatory follicle. Thecal cells give rise to the small luteal cells, whereas granulosa cells are transformed into the large luteal cells. An exception may be the mare, in which it has been reported that the CL is derived exclusively from granulosa cells. Our own work suggests that both thecal and granulosa cells luteinize during mid-estrous, whereas progesterone in follicular fluid and synthesis by follicle wall explants increase during the last part of estrus. Pop-


This paper is a presentation of symbolic analysis of switched currents (SI) circuits by soft- ware for analysis of switched capacitors (SC) circuits - SCSYRUP. It is a special library of functions for MAPLE software which allows the symbolic analy- sis of switched circuits. An example of an SI circuit analysis by means of this library is presented in this paper.


Connected learning is a valuable tool that may be used in China to mitigate the stigma of fan activities, as a case study of Chinese celebrity fans' activities during the coronavirus outbreak in China illustrates.


Rod pumping units have historically used a crank-driven walking beam to provide a reciprocating motion for oil and gas production. Several geometries have evolved over the years to produce desirable polished rod motion profiles and gearbox torque loads. These mechanical systems are limited in their ability to manipulate the motion profile, and a given pumping unit profile is forever fixed by the selected geometry. Hydraulic cylinder linear actuators became available a number of years ago for reciprocating rod pumping of oil and gas wells. Electrically driven rack-and-pinion linear actuators have also been recently developed for rod pumping applications. These hydraulic and electric linear pumping units share some common advantages over mechanical pumping units that are examined in this paper. TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION LOGISTICS Linear pumping units are generally less massive than comparable walking beam units and can be mounted directly to the wellhead. The cost savings on site preparation, transportation logistics, and equipment installation can be substantial. Figure 1 shows a dimension diagram for conventional pumping units, and Figure 2 gives the pumping unit stroke, height, width, and length dimensions. Pumping unit dimensions obviously grow with stroke length. Table 1 shows that height, width, and length ratios relative to stroke improve with pumping unit size. Figure 3 shows a simplified dimension diagram of linear rod pumps with the associated dimensions shown in Figure 4. Linear rod pumps with strokes up to 68 inches are rack-and-pinion units driven by electric motors, and the 120-inch stroke unit is an hydraulic-cylinder-based unit. The relative heights of the linear units are similar to walking beam pumping units, but the length and width are considerably smaller. Weights of the various units are difficult to compare, but linear rod pumps often weigh considerably less than mechanical pumping units. The linear rod pumps have shipping weights in the range of 1,000 to 4,000 pounds, depending on stroke length. The relatively small dimensions and weight of linear pumping units can dramatically affect transportation and installation logistics. Transportation of mechanical pumping units generally involves one or more flat bed trailers of equipment like that shown in Figure 5. Getting that equipment into remote hilly regions can be a struggle. As can be seen in Figure 6, the smaller linear pumping units can actually be transported in the back of a pickup truck. The installation of linear rod pumps can generally be completed in less than one day using a service rig, picker truck, or front-end loader. The linear rod pumps with strokes up to 144 inches and polished rod loads up to 30,000 pounds have successfully used direct mounting to the casing as shown in Figure 7. Direct tubing mounts shown in Figure 8 can be used for the smaller linear pumping units. The tubing mount is similar to that used with progressing cavity pumps like that shown in Figure 9, and it simplifies the transition to rod pumping that often proves necessary in coal-bed methane applications. The small size and direct wellhead mount not only minimize ground disturbance but have beneficial effects on aesthetics and safety as well. Figures 10 through 12 show linear rod pump installations in Texas, New Mexico, and Venezuela prior to the removal of the walking beam pumping units they replaced. These figures graphically illustrate the relative size of the linear actuator versus walking beam pumping technologies. These figures also show the potential improvement in well-site appearance for environmentally sensitive areas. Sound levels for linear rod pumps also tend to be substantially less than the mechanical pumping units. Since the only moving part of the linear rod pump is the polished rod, it is substantially safer than walking beam pumps, which have numerous moving components and associated dangerous pinch points. A simple screen around the mounting base can be used to eliminate access to any moving parts and the need for protective fencing or enclosures. The relatively large weights of walking beam pumping units compared to linear rod pumps is due, in large part, to the counterbalance weight and its associated mechanism. The electric linear rod pumps can often be operated without counterbalance due to the relatively shallow depth of the wells appropriate for that technology. Electric units can also make use of drive systems that feed downstroke regenerative energy back to the power line. Air cylinders are also available on electric units like that shown in Figure 13 to provide a counterbalance effect. These cylinders can be designed to serve a dual purpose of providing both counterbalance effect and casing gas compression. That compression can be used to boost casing pressure at the well site in CBM applications and lower backside pressure to improve production on both oil and gas wells. A counterbalance effect can also be achieved on hydraulic units using nitrogen accumulators. PUMPING UNIT ANALYZERS AND SIMULATORS Commercial pumping unit analyzers such as the Rodstar program support linear pumping units like the Rotaflex and DynaPump units. Those modern analysis programs include pumping unit simulation capability. Improvements in computer processing capacity and simulation techniques provide pump performance analysis that closely matches field test results. Figure 14 shows the dynamometer cards measured in the field on a Rotaflex pumping unit. As can be seen in Figure 15, the dynamometer card simulation from a Rodstar analysis program is nearly identical to the measured field results. Similar analysis programs exist for electric linear rod pumps. These analysis programs include a simulator that not only runs on a desktop computer but is also built into the controllers to allow instantaneous comparison of measured and simulated results, such as that shown in Figure 16. PUMPING UNIT MOTION PROFILES Linear actuators also have an important advantage in their ability to provide independent control of up and down stroke peak velocities as well as the shape of the velocity profile. Controlling the velocity profile allows increased pump cycle rate and associated production without exceeding rod fall velocity limits. An analysis program was developed to compare the performance of the linear versus both conventional (Class I) and phased-crank (Class III) pumping units. The motion profile of the mechanical pumps can be calculated from their API dimensions using the method described in the API standard 11E, Specification for Pumping Units, November 1, 1994. The motion profile for a linear pump generally has a trapezoidal shape with controlled acceleration through the endpoints. The analysis program input parameters includes mechanical pumping unit dimensions and linear pump acceleration time as a percentage of the pump cycle time. API dimensions for 100-inch stroke pumping units were used as Pumping Unit Parameters in the analysis of both Class I and Class III geometries. A 5,000-foot-deep well with a 76 taper rod design and a 1.500-inch insert pump was used as System Input Parameters for the analysis for pumping units running at 10 spm. The analysis program produces a number of familiar Calculated Parameters as well as graphical displays of rod velocity and position profiles versus time for both linear actuator and walking beam pumping units. The linear rod pump trapezoid profile will generally have lower peak speeds than the cycloid profile of a walking beam pumping unit due to the ability of the pump to quickly change direction. The faster the acceleration rate through the endpoints or corners, the less speed is required down the straightaway to cover the same rod stroke. This capability of the linear rod pump to cover greater distance for any given peak speed can be used to increase the pump stroking rate and production without exceeding rod fall velocity limits. The analysis program shows graphical results for both linear actuator and walking beam pumping units operating at the same stroking rate and polished rod stroke. Those charts show matched polished rod stroke, but linear rod pump velocities that are generally lower than those of the mechanical pumping unit. Linear rod pump velocity and position profiles are also shown assuming the peak up and down stroke speeds are the same as those of the mechanical pumping unit. That set of charts shows matched peak rod speeds, but linear rod pump polished rod strokes that are generally larger than those of the mechanical pumping unit. Figures 17 through 19 show the results for a conventional pumping unit with Class I geometry along with the results for a linear pumping unit with acceleration times of 75% and 25% of the total cycle time. Figures 20 through 22 show the results for a phased-crank pumping unit with Class III geometry along with the results for a linear pumping unit with acceleration times of 75% and 25% of the total cycle time. The pump speed (Np), plunger stroke (Sp), and fluid production (Qp) are shown in the Calculated Parameters for the mechanical sucker-rod pump (SRP). The pump speed (Npe), plunger stroke (Spe), and fluid production (Qpe) are also shown for the linear rod pump (LRP) for the same up and down stroke peak speeds as the mechanical pump. The analysis results are also shown in a Performance Comparison table. As can be seen from the charts and the table, linear rod pump acceleration times of 75% of the pump cycle time gives results nearly identical to the mechanical rod pump. This implies the mechanical rod pump spends about 75% of its total cycle time accelerating or decelerating. Decreasing the acceleration time allows the linear rod pump to increase its pumping rate and associated production. At an acceleration percentage of 25% of the cycle time, the linear actuator pump can produce 45% more fluid than a comparable walking beam pump. DYNAMIC PROFILE MANIPULATION Li


Currently PID controllers are widely used in industrial process control, but controllers which use AI techniques, such as fuzzy, neural networks and hybrid techniques, are no longer restricted to academic research. They are also gaining ground among industrial applications. However, each type of controller, depending on the tuning or training technique, presents better performance in certain regions or operation points, and that the design and implementation of these controllers frequently depends of proprietary software, which usually has a very high cost. Aiming to have an open source environment capable of tuning PI, PD or PID fuzzy controllers, while determining the best control signal for each instant and switching between those controllers, this work proposes an algorithm of reinforcement learning, named Q-learning to identify which controller is best suited to work in different linear regions of the system. It is used a soft-switching technique to switch between control signals and the integral of the error as metric for selection of the most suitable controller. For validation and testing of this proposal, it is used a system level control of Quanser, where the Q-learning algorithm is trained using the ε-greedy policy. Test results display the system switching among controllers and the comparison with each controller performing separately in order to prove the functioning and effectiveness of the proposed implementation.


PurposeRelying on a design science paradigm, the purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of items for an ICT artefact that supports the assessment of transversal professional competences within the validation of prior learning (VPL). To do so, the authors build a conceptual bridge between the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).Design/methodology/approachDesign science research paradigm, in particular the participatory development of candidate items and their evaluation in a multi-stakeholder approach.FindingsThe authors find that a self-assessment of professional competences should be comprised of 160 items in order to cover the breadth and depth of the O*NET in the hierarchical taxonomy. Such quantity of items sufficiently builds a conceptual bridge between the O*NET and the; EQF.Practical implicationsWhen designing procedures for the VPL, it is imperative to bear in mind the purpose of the validation procedure, in order to determine relevant stakeholders and their needs in advance as well as the; required language proficiency of the assessment instrument.Social implicationsThe innovative value of this approach lies in the combination of an underlying hierarchical taxonomy with assessment items that are developed based on the qualification standards of different Austrian professions. Together with specific verbs that were adapted for each particular item, an innovative self-assessment is proposed. Thereby the authors aim to account for some of the mentioned shortcomings of the EQF.Originality/valueThis paper applies a design science paradigm to develop an ICT artefact that should support the VPL. By reflecting on the design process, the authors introduce a theoretical bridge between the O*NET and the EQF. Thereby the authors aim to account for some of the mentioned shortcomings of the EQF.


Topological insulators have been successfully identified by spin-resolved photoemission but the spin polarization remained low (~20%). We show for Bi2Te3 that the in-gap surface state is much closer to full spin polarization with measured values reaching 80% at the Fermi level. When hybridizing with the bulk it remains highly spin polarized which may explain recent unusual quantum interference results on Bi2Se3. The topological surface state shows a large circular dichroism in the photoelectron angle distribution with an asymmetry of ~20% the sign of which corresponds to that of the measured spin.


Background: The incidence and prevalence of gait disturbance increases as age increases. The importance of cognitive aspects of gait disturbances has been studied in various types of dementia and MCI. This study was performed to identify relationship between cognitive impairment and change in gait, and investigate specific domains of cognitive function that may have affects in gait disturbance. Methods: Three hundred eighty three participants over 60 years old volunteered for the study. Three stages evaluation were performed, dementia screening and timed up and go test (TUG), work up for cognitive impairment and dementia, and classifying cognitive impairment and dementia into subcategories by evaluating cause of the disease. To evaluate cognitive impairment, MMSE-KC (MMSE in the Korean version of the CERAD assessment packet) and Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) assessment were used. One hundred forty one people were excluded from study and 242 people were analyzed. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was performed for evaluation of gait disturbance. Relationship in every subcategory of CERAD-K and TUG was studied by correlation and multiple logistic analysis. Results: Of the 242 participants, 122 were without cognitive impairment, 51 had mild cognitive impairment, 56 had Alzheimer's disease and 13 had vascular dementia. These four groups showed different results in TUG. Normal group had the lowest values in TUG compare to other groups significantly. MMSE score also correlated with the value of TUG (r = -0.528, p< 0.001). Every subcategory of CERAD-K score had significant correlation with the value of TUG. But there were no specific subcategory that had predominant effect in TUG. Only age was an independently significant factor influencing TUG (p< 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that increase in age and impairment in cognitive function has an association with gait disturbance. Therefore clinician should be concerned about cognitive factors for evaluation of a patient who has gait disturbance. Received: September 2, 2013 Revision received: December 30, 2013 Accepted: December 30, 2013


analysis might also have benefited from some international comparisons of (1) debates about &dquo;tight&dquo; versus &dquo;loose&dquo; money and (2) trends in the prices of commodities. But in spite of these cavils, Tomlinson's work is very promising. Marika Vicziany has produced a piece that provides excellent analysis of the changing structure of the cotton export trade from Bombay City between 1850 and 1880. Her analysis of the difficulty of maintaining the consignment system in a world where the long-term trend of cotton prices was down combines the best of institutional and economic analysis. But her attempts to frame this excellent analysis of the Bombay merchants with a theoretical structure drawn from the literature on trade


The invention discloses a polyester-cotton blended fabric detergent. The polyester-cotton blended fabric detergent comprises, by weight, 15 to 18 parts of an alkylbenzene-containing aromatic compound, 1 to 3 parts of safflower extract, 1 to 3 parts of sulfaguanidine, 5 to 6 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 5 to 6 parts of coconut fatty acid, 1 to 2 parts of cyclodextrin, 1 to 2 parts of rhizoma atractylodis extract, 1 to 3 parts of tea seed meal, 2 to 5 parts of tetrahydrofuran, 2 to 3 parts of a fluorescent whitening agent, 2 to 3 parts of Gorgon fruit extract, 3 to 6 parts of egg yolk lecithin, 1 to 3 parts of a biological enzyme and 18 to 20 parts of deionized water. The polyester-cotton blended fabric detergent has a low cost and a good washing effect.


A new cell structure Power MOSFET, which exhibits a lower on-state resistance and lower gate charge than the conventional layout geometry, is proposed in this research. Vertical Power MOSFETs are generally designed by either squared (closed) cell or stripe (linear) cell geometry; each has its own advantages and drawbacks. Typically, closed cell design has lower on resistance but higher gate charge characteristics than the linear one. In this study, we propose, fabricate, and analyze a "wing cell" structure Power MOSFET, which can have lower on resistance and lower gate charge performances than the closed cell structure. In addition, the wing cell design can avoid the "closed concept" patents.


Writing programs and more specifically, Writing in the Disciplines (WID) initiatives have begun to embrace the use of and the ideology inherent to, open source software. The Conference on College Composition and Communication has passed a resolution stating that whenever feasible educators and their institutions consider open source applications. Although well-intended, open source ideology often runs counter to a corporate business culture that produces revenue from aggressively protecting intellectual property. Such aggressiveness helps contribute to the perception of a rigid binary between open source and corporate communities. This article challenges WID scholars and instructors to better acknowledge the complexity of corporate discourses and to develop more nuanced stances in regard to open source and intellectual property. The merits of open source are not simply attacked here but instead the article insists that as WID ponders open source that the discourses from the corporate workplace are not ignored. The concern is that the values inherent in the open source community and built into the technologies it produces are the dominant or only influence on how writing instructors approach intellectual property. This article begins with an examination of open source values and their tenuous relationship to intellectual property law. The remainder of the article is an examination of why and where WID is appropriating open source technologies and its influential development model. Brief recommendations are offered for specific technologies and the article explains how regardless of monetary savings, open source applications enable a more robust critical literacy in the WID classroom. English departments, writing programs, and to a certain extent the humanities in general display a growing enthusiasm for embracing open source software and along with it, its development ideology. Embedded within that ideology is an attitude toward intellectual property that endorses alternative licensing options in order to promote knowledge sharing. In addition, the open source development model welcomes collaboration, favors interaction, and insists on an intense focus on the audience or end-user. All of these concepts, even imported from the world of software, resemble familiar values to those who teach writing and adhere to a writing pedagogy advocating revision and multiple iterations of student work. As scholars who research intersections of writing and technology have noted, "[w]henever humans invent and build a technology, they build in values, even if they do not intend to" (Gurak, 2005, p. 209). And as responsible,


This paper introduces a new method of measuring capacitive current in power grid.This method is different from the other traditional methods.It is based on the signal injection method and combined with the theory of system identification,sampling data from the secondary side of PT,through the mathematical model between the input and the output,at last,using recursive least square method to identify and calculate the capacitive current.DSP chip is selected to finish the identification algorithm′s program development and C language is adopted for programming,so as to achieve a higher speed and accuracy of identification requirements.Finally,this paper uses the model of PT circuit which is established by Matlab and runs recursive least square algorithm program in CCS2.20 to simulate,to experimentally confirm the accuracy and real-time of this method.


In a hydraulics laboratory, waves are produced generally by a flap generator ; such a wave propagates in an open canal with a horizontal bottom and with a rectangular section. Because of the importance of its applications in practice, the detailed study of such a wave has a major interest. Considerable efforts are devoted, at present, to the production of a wave as pure as possible.

Experience has shown, that in spite of all precautions taken, the wave is propagated always with some of its harmonics. It is useful to investigate analytically, on the basis of Stokes' linear theory, the conditions in which these harmonics originate. The conclusions of the theory presented here are not yet tested experimentally; it forms part of a programme of research of the laboratoire de Mdcanique des Fluides of the Institut Polytechnique of Grenoble.

Most of the results presented here have been already published; a bibliography is given at the end of this article. It was thought desirable, however, to give a succinct review of the question, in the hope that it might be useful to the engineer.


Systematic explorations of new phases in the Ag+–Ti4+/Zr4+/Nb5+/Ta5+–Se4+–O(F) system by hydrothermal syntheses or standard high temperature solid-state reactions resulted in four new mixed-metal silver selenites, namely, Ag3Ti3O3(SeO3)4F (1, P63), Ag2ZrF2(SeO3)2 (2, Cmca) and AgMO(SeO3)2 (M = Nb, 3; Ta, 4) in the space group Cmcm. Ag3Ti3O3(SeO3)4F features an interesting [Ti3O3(SeO3)4]2− 3D anionic framework composed of 1D chains of corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra which are further interconnected by tridentate bridging SeO32− anions, displaying 1D hexagonal channels of Ti6Se6 12-member rings (MRs) along the c-axis, filled by the Ag+ cations and isolated F− anions. More interestingly, it displays a moderate strong Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) response about 2 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP). Compound 2 features a novel 1D [ZrF2(SeO3)2]2− anionic chain composed of edge-sharing ZrO4F4 polyhedra in which two neighboring Zr4+ cations are further bridged by a pair of selenite anions. Compounds 3 and 4 are isostructural and their structures feature 1D anionic chains of [MO(SeO3)2]− (M = Nb, Ta) which are separated by Ag+ cations, the 1D [MO(SeO3)2]− (M = Nb, Ta) chain is formed by 1D chains of corner-sharing MO6 (M = Nb, Ta) octahedra in which two neighboring metal centers are also bridged by a pair of selenite anions. Other characterizations including thermal analyses, optical and luminescence property measurements have also been performed.


Fracturing technology has helped operators, offshore Louisiana, to pump naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) contaminated wastes into nonproducing wells. Louisiana is one of the few states that currently have specific regulations that govern disposal of NORM. A clearly designed disposal method is required because NORM contamination is a potential health hazard, a waste management problem, and a possible public relations problem for the industry. When gas and oil are produced, NORM traces are also produced. Over time, NORM is deposited in scale and sludges, which then contaminate equipment, production tubulars, production vessels, and other industry facilities. The contaminated waste is usually collected in drums and stored for future disposal. A planning team of operating and service company engineers was formed to plan and carry out a disposal operation in an offshore well. The team planned to fracture a formation and then pump NORM into it. Before start-up, the operator had to secure approval from the Mineral Management Service (MMS). MMS approved the procedures, but only after the team demonstrated that: The disposal fracture would be short; NORM-contaminated particles would into migrate within the disposal sand; and Below-ground accumulation of NORM-contaminated solids would not pose a health hazard at the platform.


We provide the construction of some admissible strategies in a "feedback shape" for American Options, and where the contingent claim depends on a nontrivial solution of some possibly degenerate elliptic inequation. 1. Setting of the problem Let W (t) be a standard m-dimensional Wiener process over a complete probability space {Ω,F , {Ft}t≥0, IP}, {λ(t); t ≥ 0} and {y(t); t ≥ 0} piecewise constant adapted processes of dimension n, respectively d defined on the same probability space. λ(t) takes values in some subset S of R. We denote μ(t) = (y(t), λ(t)), for t ≥ 0 and μ(t, ω) = μk(ω) = (yk(ω), λk(ω)), t ∈ [tk(ω), tk+1(ω)), where the sequence {tk; k ≥ 0} is increasing and it's elements are positive random variables with t0 = 0, tk → ∞, IPa.s., as k → ∞ and (yk, λk) are multidimensional Ftk -measurable random variables. Then we may assume S = {λk; k ≥ 1}. We make the assumption that the process W (t) and the sequence {(tk, μk); k ≥ 1} are mutually independent. Received by the editors: 28.03.2008. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35B40, 35J70, 60G44, 91B28.


For the reasons of higher time cost, it is very important to take strategies to direct the full-time college students succeed to pass CET-4 after its influential factors found. The paper collected the course score data of full-time college students in four departments of a selected Chinese university, and then analyzed the data by decision tree method. The experimental results illustrated that the most influential factor of passing CET-4 is the student's learning performance in college English course, and the followed are the student's learning performance in his/her graduation project course and mathematics courses. Required major basic courses are also found related to the passing of CET-4, while fundamental and compulsory courses are found little related to the passing of CET-4.


Developing high energy density lithium secondary batteries is pivotal for satisfying the increasing demand in advanced energy storage systems. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted growing attention due to their high theoretical capacity, but the lithium dendrites issue severely fetter their real‐world applications. It is found that reducing anion migration near lithium metal prolongs the nucleation time of dendrites, meanwhile, promoting homogeneous lithium deposition suppresses the dendritic growth. Thus, regulating ion transport in LMBs is a feasible and effective strategy for addressing the issues. Based on this, a functional separator is developed to regulate ion transport by utilizing a well‐designed metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) coating to functionalize polypropylene (PP) separator. The well‐defined intrinsic nanochannels in MOFs and the negatively charged gap channels both restricts the free migration of anions, contributing to a high Li+ transference number of 0.68. Meanwhile, the MOFs coating with uniform porous structure promotes homogeneous lithium deposition. Consequently, a highly‐stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 150 h is achieved. Furthermore, implementation of the separator enables LMBs with high discharge capacity, prominent rate performance and good capacity retention. This work is anticipated to aid developement of dendrite‐free LMBs by utilizing advanced separators with ion transport management.


ABSTRACT The reinvestigation of photochromic systems (appeared several decades ago) involving hydrogen transfer is described. For instance sulfonyl-substituted 2-benzylpyridine (or benzothiazole) and 2-benzyl-3-benzoylchromones or quinolones undergo thermoreversible photochromic reactions at room temperature. Taking benefit of the chemical or photochemical reactivity of the enol form of the last class of compounds, novel thermoreversible or photoreversible photochromic systems have been designed (1,2-dihydrothioxanthenones and 3-(2-benzylbenzoyl)quinolones respectively), opening promising opportunities for future applications.


As an important part of the highway,the interchange is an important facility for the transformation of the traffic on the highway.The alignment design of the mountainous interchange is investigated based on the interchange's site selection,pattern selection,the layout of the alignment and so on.


The aims of the research are to measure tolerance culture and nationalism awareness among UPN "Veteran" population and to do philosophical reflection toward the results related with UPN "Veteran" Jogjakarta's ideology, doctrine and its prime goal in education. The research is philosophical investigation based on sociological data and lust but not least enrich by literature or library study. Sociological data use to know the factual condition of UPN population's tolerance culture and nasionalisme awareness, than literature data as philosophical reflection material. To collect the sociological data the research take a cluster random sampel as a metode and to reflect use the philosophical teknik methos such as interpretation, holistic and sintetic-analytic. The results of descriptive analysis show that …………………………………………… Historical and philosophical reflection show that Indonesian nation movement on the past and UPN's doctrine and goal have similarities and spirit. Indonesia-nation build by the young generation that take lecture at STOVIA. And UPN in its Statue doctrine that his existence is to produce the true leader nationalist. Indonesia concept and "Indonesian" label is something a new that found by STOVIA students. And today, UPN's students should have same duty to strengthening its. UPN's mission as explored in it's statute is to keep Indonesia-nation tree by educated and produced the huan resource that concern to nation's and society's complex problem


This article discusses the dimensions of spirituality in the personal competence of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers. Spirituality is essential because the teaching that CRE teachers do aims to improve the spirituality of their students. He should have good spirituality so that he can be an example in his teaching. In this paper, the author explaining the essential values of spirituality that must be possessed by a CRE teacher in order to fulfill his calling as someone who has a profession as a teacher. To arrive at this goal, the authors develop the essential values of spirituality by conducting literature studies and content analysis methods. Based on a search from various sources, including the nature of spirituality, according to Christianity, the author explains the essential spiritual values that must be possessed by a CRE teacher. The essential values of spirituality are grouped into two dimensions, namely the personal dimension and the relational dimension.


By 1988, 71% of the 206 million married Chinese women of reproductive age were using a modern method of contraception. About 60 million women were using IUDs (41%), and 38% relied on tubal ligation, the main methods promoted by the national family planning (FP) program. During several trips to China between May 1990 and October 1991, some serious problems with the use of IUDs in China were discussed with Chinese FP officials. The main IUD produced and used in China is the single-ring, stainless steel IUD, which is made in several sizes (20-23 mm). There are 10 IUD factories in China, most of which manufacture the single ring, the Copper V-200, a uterine-shaped, steel-ring IUD; and several others. The failure and expulsion rates of the single ring are much higher than those of other IUDs. One study, conducted in 1983-84 in 13 provinces, compared 3 IUDs available in China: the single ring, the Copper T-220, and the Copper V-200. The single ring had a 12-month failure (pregnancy) rate of 10.6%, compared with a rate of 1.7% for the Copper T and 2.1% for the Copper V. The 1982 One per Thousand Fertility Survey reported that 34.11% of all abortions obtained by the women surveyed were the result of IUD failure. In abortions obtained by the women surveyed were the result of IUD failure. In a 1987 study, in one county where 32% of the women were using IUDs, 80% of the abortions were obtained after the failure of a contraceptive method, usually the stainless steel IUD. In 1987, there were more than 10 million reported abortions in China that cost the government about $45 million. China's FP program has been criticized for its heavy reliance on abortion. Reducing reliance on the single-ring IUD, by inserting better devices in first-time users and in those women experiencing single-ring failures, may help improve the image of China's FP program.


Ternary phase-equilibrium diagrams are presented for the o- and p-isomers of chloronitrobenzene with anhydrous methanol and with 90% aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol and propanol. by means of a leaching process with 90% aqueous methanol, it is possible to obtain some 75% of the p-isomer in a pure form from a mixture initially containing o- and p-isomers in the ratio 3:7.


As the same kind of fiber,cashmere and wool have more characteristics in common such as components and structures.For these reasons,it is rather difficult to identify the cashmere and wool or test the blend ratio of cashmere/wool yarns.According the differences of dyeing character between cashmere and wool,based on the principle of the lose luster and match colors,this article reseached the methord to explore the possibilities of quickly identify the cashmere and wool by staining method with the computer's analysis system of the color.


33 RNaseIII enzymes catalyze the cleavage of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and have diverse 34 functions in RNA maturation. Arabidopsis thaliana RNASE THREE LIKE2 (RTL2), which 35 carries one RNaseIII and two dsRNA-binding (DRB) domains, is a unique Arabidopsis 36 RNAseIII enzyme resembling the budding yeast small interfering RNA (siRNA)-producing 37 Dcr1 enzyme. Here we show that RTL2 modulates the production of a subset of small RNAs 38 and that this activity depends on both its RNaseIII and DRB domains. However, the mode of 39 action of RTL2 differs from that of Dcr1. Whereas Dcr1 directly cleaves dsRNAs into 2340 nucleotide siRNAs, RTL2 likely cleaves dsRNAs into longer molecules, which are 41 subsequently processed into small RNAs by the DICER-LIKE enzymes. Depending on the 42 dsRNA considered, RTL2-mediated maturation either improves (RTL2-dependent loci) or 43 reduces (RTL2-sensitive loci) the production of small RNAs. Because the vast majority of 44 RTL2-regulated loci correspond to transposons and intergenic regions producing 2445 nucleotide siRNAs that guide DNA methylation, RTL2 depletion modifies DNA methylation 46 in these regions. Nevertheless, 13% of RTL2-regulated loci correspond to protein coding 47 genes. We show that changes in 24-nucleotide siRNA levels also affect DNA methylation 48 levels at such loci and inversely correlate with mRNA steady-state levels, thus implicating 49 RTL2 in the regulation of protein-coding gene expression. 50


In this special issue of CiSE, we focus on a small sample of libraries and tools written in JavaScript that might interest scientists and engineers. Our goal is, of course, not to be exhaustive nor representative—given the huge and rapidly expanding field—but to spark the readers curiosity and show how certain tasks are remarkably easy in JavaScript.


Provided herein are methods and apparatus for depositing a material on a substrate. In some embodiments, the apparatus for processing a substrate may include: a process chamber, the process chamber having a substrate support disposed in the processing chamber to support the processing surface of the substrate; an injector, the injector is disposed to the first side of the substrate support member, and the injector has a first flow path to provide a first process gas and a second process to separate the gas to provide the first process gas having a second flow path, wherein the injector is positioned and to provide the first process gas across the substrate treatment surface; shower head, the shower head is disposed above the substrate support member to provide a first process gas to the processing surface of the substrate; and an exhaust port, the exhaust port is disposed the second side opposite the substrate support member and to discharge a first processing gas and the second processing gas from the processing chamber and the injector.


Infection may be an important contributing factor to mortality occurring during certain phases of the syndrome which follows total-body X-irradiation. After such irradiation, a number of animal species have shown an increased susceptibility to infection after challenge with a variety of pathogenic and relatively nonpathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, and protozoa (1). Susceptibility of an irradiated animal to certain bacterial toxins is also increased (1, 2). Spontaneous overwhelming fatal bacteremia, usually caused by Gram-negative bacteria indigenous to the lower alimentary tract, is common in mice during the second week after X-irradiation (3). Endotoxin (somatic antigen, pyrogen, or lipopolysaccharide), which can be liberated by breaking down Gram-negative bacteria, is toxic and may be the important factor in death resulting from bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacteria (4). The present studies were undertaken to ascertain whether an increase in susceptibility to endotoxin occurred after sublethal X-irradiation and whether changes in susceptibility to endotoxin were correlated with the appearance and disappearance of the leukopenia. If an early increase in susceptibility to endotoxin occurs, the prompt control of Gram-negative infections in individuals with traumatic wounds and concomitant X-irradiation assumes increased importance.


System and method for reconfiguring a plurality of electromagnetic beams to take advantage of the various techniques of the wavelength beam combination. The reconfiguration of the beams with respect includes the individual rotation as well as the selective repositioning of one or more beams of an original input position of the beam.


Thiswork aimsto identifythe restrictive and ponderable criteria for the identification of potential areas for implantation of a sanitary landfill. The method wasdivided into (1) consultation of laws, technical standards and resolutions; (2) consult the recommendations Recebido em: 27/08/2018Aprovado em: 05/09/2018
24Colloquium Exactarum, v. 10, n.3,Jul-Set. 2018, p.23–37. DOI: 10.5747/ce.2018.v10.n3.e243related to the object of study (landfill); and (3) description of restrictive and ponderable criteria. The first result was a general overview of the main laws, resolutions, norms and ordinances related to the implementation of a sanitary landfill. As a second result, we obtained the criteria of restrictive and ponderable order. There are several ponderable criteria, however, due to the difficulty of finding some data and the generality of some information, one can choose to consider only the ponderable criteria pertinent to the study area. We conclude that this work contributes to the ease of understanding and access to the laws, resolutions, norms and ordinances in force, related to the implantation of a sanitary landfill. However, there is still a need for the development of environmental permits, as required by the environmental agency, in which they require more detailed studies and specific analyzes to define the area for landfill.


LEAD poisoning is a disease of great public health concern, particularly because of the hazards that lead can pose to children as a result of ingestion of lead-based paint and perhaps as a consequence of the effects of lead pollution of the ambient air. 1 However, lead poisoning is also a common occupational disease among adults. 2 Groups at high risk of developing this disorder include smelter workers, 3 workers engaged in flame cutting of lead-painted iron and steel structures, 4 and arts and craft workers. Persons who work as instructors at indoor firing ranges are likewise at high risk for occupational lead poisoning. 5 The typical biochemical features of lead poisoning include inhibition of heme synthesis manifested by elevated levels of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and zinc protoporphyrin [ZPP]) and decreased activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. 6,7 Common symptoms are nonspecific neurologic symptoms (eg, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and sleep


Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid-organ transplant recipients, although it is rarely reported in transplanted children. It typically appears as a late-onset infection with central nervous system or pulmonary involvement. We present a case of cryptococcosis caused by a non-wild strain in a 10-year-old child who owned two pet birds, and review the existent literature.


While physicalist interpretations of human consciousness have been the major focus in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science during the last decades, many existing proposals expressly link phenomenal consciousness with human linguistic ability and build on the idea that we acquire cognitive access to consciousness through "higher-order" verbal thinking. Accepting this premise and the epistemological consequences of Jackson's Knowledge Argument, this paper argues that the study of phenomenal knowledge as the one mediated by language might grow into a novel and promising research agenda for cognitive linguistics.


A new algorithm for the design of optical computing filters for chemical analysis otherwise known as Multivariate Optical Elements (MOEs), is described. The approach is based on the nonlinear correlation of the MOE layer thicknesses to the standard error in sample prediction for the chemical species of interest using a modified version ofthe Gauss-Newton nonlinear optimization algorithm. The design algorithm can either be initialized by random layer thicknesses or by a pre-existing design. The algorithm has been successfully tested by using it to design a MOE for the determination of copper uroporphynn in a quaternary mixture of uroporphyrin (freebase), nickel uroporphyrin, copper uroporphynn, and tin uroporphyrin.


The aim of the present analysis is to discuss the mixed convective peristaltic flow of shear thinning hyperbolic tangent fluid under the effects of nanoparticles in a curved channel. The model considered for the nanofluid is to analyze the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. The problem is formulated under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number and then solved analytically using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The substantial features of related parameters are examined by sketching graphs. The most important observation of the analysis is that the velocity profiles are not symmetric about the central line of the curved channel.


Research Optimization communication of Wireless sensor network.Wireless sensor network structure is complex and has many levels.This paper puts forward a Wireless sensor network communication optimization method based on Particle swarm optimization LEACH.Using particle swarm optimization of high intelligencecan avoid death node.The experiment results show that the improved algorithm can improve the Communication efficiency


Current treatments of cartilage defects, including chondrocyte implantation and several tissue engineering strategies, often result in a repair tissue that does not replicate the architecture and depth-dependent properties of the native tissue. As a result, these therapies often only delay the occurrence degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Additionally, when the damage is extended to the subchondral bone, the regeneration of both bone and cartilage is major challenge, due to the dissimilar composition of the two tissues and the inherent challenge in recreating their strong interface, thus favouring the integration in vivo of the neo-tissue. The recent progresses in the field of biofabrication are opening new avenues for the treatment of damaged articulating joints. In particular, bioprinting technologies allow coordinating the deposition of multiple cell types and materials, thus permitting to mimic the complex architecture of osteochondral structures. In this lecture, the latest development in...


To observe the effect of Chinese medicine health care products Shouwu capsules on immune function in athletes during training, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: the test group received can strengthen the immune function of Chinese medicine health Shouwu capsules, the control group did not take. CD4+CD8+ CD4+, CD8+, T lymphocyte subsets ( + ) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, serum immunoglobulin ( Ig ) IgA, IgG, IgM were observed before and after the experimental period, 30 days of observation, changes of immune function in athletes. Results : after the experiment, the test group CD4+ significantly increased the proportion of IgG ratio, numerical experiment, compared with before the experiment with statistical difference, P ≤ 0.05, CD4+CD8+ group ( + ) ratio decreased significantly, P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: take Shouwu capsules can improve athletes the percentage of CD4 positive cells, can enhance the immune function of T lymphocytes, immune response in the balance of IgG, can regulate humoral immune function. Can effectively improve the athletes sleep, appetite, physical strength, improve the athlete 's body function, more conducive to the improvement of sports performance.


An investigation is presented into the use of an electro-optical upconverting modulation scheme on chirped fibre grating based true time delay lines, and analyses made of both the amplitude and delay of detected microwave signals. The bandwidth limitation of the delay line due to the fibre grating dispersion is clearly improved over that in conventional modulation schemes, while the time delay performance is kept constant (/spl sigma//sub max/=/spl plusmn/0.9 ps).


In retrospect, the founding of the IEA seems a logical process: the needs for international collaboration had been identi ® ed, the script existed and the actors were ready . When the limelights went on, the star was born! We do not need much imagination to understand that the reality was something else. One of the founding members makes the point in his notes concerning the European Productivity Agency (EPA) ergonomics fact ® nding mission to the USA . He notes that in 1956 `no one (except one) of the non-British members of the group knew . . . the word ergonomics . . . ' . This mission lasted two months and played an important role in the establishment of the IEA and certainly raised awareness of ergonomics considerably . At the beginning the founders unanimously envisaged the IEA to be a learned society of individuals (Steering Committee, 1959). However, this situation soon changed . In 1964 the Committee was ` . . . of the opinion (that) . . . future trend (is) . . . towards a federation of ergonomics societies' . The EPA conference in ZuÈ rich in 1959 (one of the important pre-IEA events ) comprised delegates from employers' associations and trade unions. The planned learned association was clearly moving towards being a more inclusive body. The role of the Steering Committee


The spectroscopic data of tungsten (W) is important for plasma science, as it is used as a diverter and in ITER. We have recorded the spectrum of tungsten on a 1.5-m Wadsworth spectrograph in the 2100--4900 A wavelength range. The ground configuration of the neutral tungsten is 5d\({}^{4}\)6s\({}^{2}\). First excited configurations in the odd parity system are 5d\({}^{3}\)6s\({}^{2 }\)(6p + 7p + 5f + 6f) + 5d\({}^{4}\)6s6p. The 5d\({}^{4}\)6s6p configuration has already been studied. We have identified hundreds of lines in this spectrum and confirmed fifty nine levels of the 5d\({}^{4}\)6s6p configuration. Relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) and least squares fitted (LSF) parametric calculations were carried out to interpret the observed spectrum. We have found good agreement with the previously published data.


Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS in June 2006,2 governments endorsed the scaling up of HIV prevention, treatment, care and support with the goal of coming as close as possible to universal access by 2010. Achieving this goal requires participation by all stakeholders, including prison systems. Greater access to HIV testing and counselling for prisoners is an essential component of countries' efforts to reach universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care.


Elderberry species (Sambucus spp.) grows mostly in wild form in the northern hemisphere. It is often used for landscaping riverbanks, as a windbreak, but also for human nutrition and medicinal purposes. This plant is used especially in the industrial field to obtain essence. In this study, the effects of some applications on rooting success in elder wood cuttings were investigated. For this purpose, in addition to 0, 2000, 4000 ppm IBA solution, a mixture solution of different Bacillus species (1.7X108 cfu/ml) was used. After the above-mentioned applications were applied to the wood cuttings taken from the plants during the resting period, they were taken into the perlite environment in the greenhouse at 22 0C. According to the results obtained, the number of roots per cutting was found to be between 11.3-22.4. Root lengths varied between 7.1-8.4 mm according to the applications. 2000 ppm IBA application was the application that increased both root length and root number the most. The study revealed that the rooting efficiency of black elderberry plant would be increased by IBA application.


It is shown, that the application to the Na Re system of the moiel potential method of Valiron et al (1979) gives potential curves that are in very good agreement with experimental determinations.


In this book an efficient algorithm for simulation of deformable bodies interacting with incompressible flows is presented. The spatial discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations is based on compact finite differences. Using a uniform Cartesian grid we benefit from the advantage of a new fourth-order direct solver for the Poisson equation to ensure the incompressibility constraint down to machine zero over an optimal grid. For introducing a deformable body in fluid flow, the volume penalization method is used. The deformable body is interacting with the surrounding fluid due to the resulted hydrodynamic forces and the torque. An efficient law for controlling the curvature of an anguilliform fish, swimming toward a prescribed goal, is proposed which is based on the geometrically exact theory of nonlinear beams and quaternions. Furthermore to reduce the computational effort, adaptation of grid is performed by using multiresolution analysis. Finally an extension to three dimensional swimming is performed by adding the implicit volume penalization method to the Incompact3d open access code, to be able to take into account the deformable bodies' interaction with incompressible flows.


Measured internal‐noise time histories from on‐board tape recordings are presented for three different ground‐launched rocket‐powered space vehicles. Surface‐pressure measurements for one of these vehicles are also included. For the vehicles measured, noise of aerodynamic origin was noted to have higher levels and to persist for a longer time than noise from other sources. Particular attention is given to the aerodynamic noise during the exit phase of the flights for which sound pressure levels and spectra are presented over a wide range of Mach numbers and dynamic pressures and for different aerodynamic shapes. The vehicles used in these investigations were launched by the NASA in connection with the development program of Project Mercury.


In the wake of globalization, proliferation of digital technologies (DTs) is rapidly changing many activities across sectors, including health to "go digital". Harnessing opportunities of DTs can be a pathway for delivery of health services such as community-based rehabilitation to the vulnerable groups of populations, particularly those in the low resourced countries where the health systems are still weak and experiencing a deficit of trained health workers to effectively deliver a full spectrum of health services. This perspective explored how some DTs can be leveraged in delivery of CBR services in the rural and remote areas of low resourced countries. This is described based on information access and exchange, social satisfaction, shortages of rehabilitation workforce, professional development and capacity building. However, a caution is made since seizing such advantages of DTs can inevitably be associated with spillovers and limitations among others including needs prioritization, skills and language limitations, internet addiction and censorship, professionalism and ethical dilemma and sustainability if proper remedies are not taken. Moreover, as DTs are revolutionizing various activities across sectors, including health; this is not meant to substitute the traditional health care activities including those delivered through CBR but rather to augment their delivery in low resourced settings and elsewhere.


Let G is a finite, undirected, simple graph with the chromatic polynomial P(G, λ) = λ k0(λ - 1)k1… (λ-m + 1) km-1 ( λ - m) … ( λ - n + 1) , where, m ≤ n , ki = 1 or 2 , k0 ≤ k1 ≤ … ≤ km-1 , This paper give sufficient conditions on which G is a generalized tree, Furthermore, this paper prove that the necessary and sufficient condition for that the chromatically Equivalent Class {{ Kn, Km } , {K,}} ( 0 ≤ r ≤ m ≤ n ) is a complete class if and only if r = m - 1 or m .


A set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana monoclonal cell lines has been created by selecting individual cells (cell aggregates) with random GFP gene integration events after the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The yield of the recombinant GFP ranged from 0.07 to 2.37% of the total soluble protein. Three lines with the highest, about 2% of the total soluble protein, accumulation of the target GFP protein were isolated. Areas of T-DNA insertions into the plant genome for 12 monoclonal cell lines were determined. The variation in this characteristic among 21 examined cell lines can serve as a reference for A. thaliana CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing aimed at the increase in the yield of recombinant proteins in plant expression systems. The lines with the highest level of the recombinant protein accumulation are of interest for the further identification and detailed characteristics of the sites for the transgene integration. These sites can be used as targets for the gene integration during the creation of lines for the production of recombinant proteins. Arabidopsis thaliana, cell suspension culture, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene expression, green fluorescent protein. The work was performed under project no. 17-14-01099 of the Russian Science Foundation.


During the last winter session, I communicated to the Society a paper on the "Musculus Sternalis," in which I argued that the longitudinally arranged muscle, occasionally found superficial to the sternal fibres of origin of the pectoralis major, was not, as anatomists have usually described it, homologous with the anterior or thoracic fibres of the mammalian rectus, but belonged to another group of muscles. Since that time I have met with two subjects in the dissecting-room, in each of which a longitudinal muscle occurred, lying in contact with the outer surface of the anterior extremities of the upper true ribs, and beneath the fibres of the pectoral muscle, which is, from the position, direction, and connection of its fibres, I believe to be regarded as homologous with the thoracic end of the mammalian rectus.


OBJECTIVE To strengthen the infection control in the physical examination center and improve the self-protection consciousness so as to prevent and control nosocomial infections.METHODS The various links of self-protection were emphasized to ensure the execution of the standard prevention measures for self-protection in the physical examination center.The idea of nosocomial infection control was included in the routine management of the physical examination center.The standard prevention for infection control and the self-protection measures were standardized.RESULTS The management system and regulations were fully established and implemented in the physical examination center to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.The qualified rate of the monitoring of environmental hygiene and the hand hygiene were reinforced and increased from 83.87% in 2008 to 98.97% in 2011 through the surveillance and the standard self-protection interventions,the qualified rate of the hand hygiene increased from 65.63% in 2008 to 91.94% in 2011.CONCLUSION Only when it gives full play to the role of the hospital physical examination center in prevention and control of nosocomial infections,ensure the self-protection and health of the medical personnel,and actively participate the prevention and control of nosocomial infections can the prevention and self-protection be made effective.


A study of the elemental chemical composition of leaves, water and hydro-alcoholic extracts of P. major, growing in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Significant differences between the total content of chemical elements (ChE) in the studied samples and pharmacy are found, the raw material complies Sanitary 22.214.171.1248-01. The recovery rate of 10% HCl ChE maximum for K, Na, Ni (86-98% of total content), the minimum for Cu (33-68) and Pb (21-76). In the aqueous extract largely transferred K (57±3% of the total contents), Na (41±3), Mg (38±4), Sr (33±2), a well as Cd (69 ± 9) and Ni (42 ± 5), characterized by a low degree of extraction of Cu (5±1), Pb (6.0±0.2), Fe (0.4±0.01). In aqueous-alcoholic extracts passed significantly more Pb (54±13% of the total content), about the same amount of Cu, Na, and Ni, other ChE extracted weaker. Polysaccharide content complies with the State Pharmacopoeia (not less than 12%), the amount of tannins is 5.5-6.9%, flavonols 0.22-1.05%, chlorophyll 4.0-13.5%


In this work we use a hierarchical Bayesian paradigm to introduce a theoretical framework to determine an individual's Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) genotype, which heavily influences both the age of onset and probability of acquiring Alzheimer's disease (AD). This calculation is based solely on an individual's family history. This APOE4 genotype estimation is then combined with a number of known factors that influence AD onset to produce a function that estimates the onset of AD as a function of age. We disseminated our Alzheimer's predictive tool online at http://www.alzheimerspredictor.com.


Advance in circulation studies of the South China Sea (SCS) in the past 50 years is reviewed with emphasis on recent observational results of general circulation in upper layers of the SCS. Special discussion is given to topics about the SCS Monsoon Jets, the SCS Warm Current, the sub-basin scale gyres in the southern basin, and circulations of the northeastern SCS.


Abstract Vertical profiles of horizontal winds in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere were measured by the UHF Doppler radar at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) on 26 days in August and September 1977. On comparing these with horizontal winds measured by routine rawinsonde balloons launched some 80 km east of Arecibo, fairly good agreement between every wind profile can be seen. Most of the difference between the two sets of measurements in the lower stratosphere is shown to be caused by the experimental error of the rawinsonde, while the spatial and/or temporal variations in the wind field seem to dominate the difference in the upper troposphere.


Background/Aims: The spontaneous perforation of pyometra is very rare and is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for patient survival. Patients and Methods: We reported on 7 patients with spontaneous rupture of pyometra. We also reviewed 47 additional published cases. Thus, all 54 patients were analyzed for mortality. Results: We investigated the prognosis in 44 of 54 patients, excluding 8 patients with undocumented outcome and 2 who died of other diseases. The mortality rate was 25% (11 of 44). In univariate analysis, variables such as age, correct preoperative diagnosis, comorbidities, the presence of malignancy, and hysterectomy were not significant between surviving and deceased patients. In bacterial cultures from the peritoneal cavity, the most common etiological organisms were Escherichia coli and anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Peptococcus species. The rate of isolation of anaerobic bacteria was significantly increased in patients who died (odds ratio, 6.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-31.02; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy for E. coli and anaerobes should be considered in patients with spontaneous perforation of pyometra.


The paper analyzed the main factors influenced to the mining face environment in the mine.According to the features of the coal mining face,with the multiple Agent and the evidence theory,the paper provided the multiple Agent safety assessment model of the coal mining face based on the evidence theory.On the base of the model,the safety monitoring and measuring information of the fully mechanized coal mining face in a certain mine were assessed and analyzed.The assessment results showed that the method was effective.


Tall buildings have become a prevalent typology around the world. They carry benefits for the entrepreneur (profits) and the local authority (municipal taxes), the architect and the tenants (prestige). Yet little is known about the actual needs of the building itself, the fact that its different levels are exposed to different climatic conditions, thus have different energy needs, or the contingencies involved in living high up in, or down around them. This paper presents results of ongoing research, including tall buildings' microclimatic peculiarities with height and ensuant energy needs; building envelope design and energy efficiency; microclimatic peculiarities created on the pedestrian level; and environmental quality. Specific modules results have been published in several papers, while additional work is ongoing, since this building prototype and its implications are still mostly poorly understood. Such work ties into climate change and the built environment, public health, survivability and resilience under extreme environmental events, which seem to become the norm. Results of parts of this research certainly tie into Covid-related contingencies and the need for usable public open spaces, efficient building ventilation to ensure good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and a whole array of other issues.


Multimodal interaction can be used to make home care technology more effective and appropriate, particularly for people with sensory impairments. Previous work has revealed how disruptive notifications in different modalities are to a home-based task, but has not investigated how disruptive unwanted notifications might be. An experiment was conducted which evaluated the disruptive effects of unwanted notifications when delivered in textual, pictographic, abstract visual, speech, earcon, auditory icon, tactile and olfactory modalities. It was found that for all the modalities tested, both wanted and unwanted notifications produced similar reductions in error rate and task success, independent of modality. The results demonstrate the need to control and limit the number of unwanted notifications delivered in the home and contribute to a large body of work advocating the inclusion of multiple interaction modalities.


A method of making an electronic package. The method includes forming a semiconductor chip and an multi-layered interconnect structure. The semiconductor chip includes a plurality of contact members on one of its surfaces that are connected to the multi-layered interconnect structure by a plurality of solder connections. The formed multi-layered interconnect structure is adapted for electrically interconnecting the semiconductor chip to a circuitized substrate (eg., circuit board) with another plurality of solder connections and includes a thermally conductive layer being comprised of a material having a selected thickness and coefficient of thermal expansion to substantially prevent failure of the solder connections between said first plurality of electrically conductive members and the semiconductor chip. The method forms the electronic package to further include a dielectric material having an effective modulus to assure sufficient compliancy of the multi-layered interconnect structure during operation.


reactions less frequently reported were anorexia, pyrosis, flatulence, and constipation. Gastrointestinal ulceration with or without hemorrhage has been reported. Hematopoietic: Cases of autoimmune hemofytic anemia' 1.2 have been associated with the continuous administration of Ponstan for 12 months or longer. Decreases in hematocrit have been noted in 2-5% of patients and primarily in those who have received prolonged therapy. Leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia have also been reported on occasion. Nervous System: Dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, insomnia, nervousness and headache have occurred. Integumentary: Urticaria, rash and facial edema have been reported. Renal:, As with other nonsteriodal antiinflammatory agents, renal failure, including papillary necrosis, have been reported. In elderly patients renal failure has occurred after taking mefenamic acid for 2-6 weeks. The renal damage may not be completely reversible. Hematuria and dysuria have also been reported with mefenamic acid. Other: Eye irritation, ear pain, perspiration, mild hepatic toxicity and increased need for insulin in a diabetic have been reported. There have been rare reports of palpitation dyspnea and reversible loss of color vision. DRUG INTERACTION: Protein-bound Drugs. Because PONSTAN )mefenamic is highly protein bound, it could be displaced from binding sites by, or it could displace from binding sites, other protein-bound drugs such as oral anticoagulants, hydantoins, salicylates, sulfonamide and sulfonylureas. these effects. and Agents.


Gastric carcinoma and metastatic prostate carcinoma have rarely been reported as the cause of bilateral chylothorax. Although chylothorax is a potentially life threatening disease, successful results can be achieved with the urgent and optimal palliative management. Case 1: A 39 year-old man presented with 8 weeks of pleuritic chest pain, cough, dyspnea together with mild bilateral edema of the lower extremities. The milky white effusion contained 288 mg/dl triglycerides and 65 mg/dl cholesterol. Lymph node extirpation was diagnostic and revealed metastatic lymph node of gastric signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. Patient was discharged after 10 days of hospitalizations and died 22th day. Case 2:A 73 year-old man has an history of prostate carcinoma and metastatic lesions in vertebrae admitted to our hospital. He is still alive. Bilateral pleural effusions have been identified as chylous exudates in both cases which is rarely seen. (Figure) Depleted function of respiratory, nutritional, and immunological status is important for the clinical course of patients with chylothorax. An appropriate low-fat diet was initiated and bilateral intercostal tube insertion and drainage was performed. No evidence-based guidelines to address optimal management of this disease. We aimed to discuss here rarely seen presentation as a bilateral chylothorax related with the gastric and prostatic carcinoma treated with optimal conservative treatments.


The Global Fund is a non-governmental international organization engaged in the health sector, which aims to attract, channel and manage resource to fight against HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The management of the Global Find is under supervision of the Health Office of Maluku Province. The aims of this study was to determinate the effect of planning documents, administration records, human resources competency, and inventory money on the absorption of the Global Fund grant budget for TB Patiens in Health Office of Maluku Provincial both partially and simultaneously. This study was a descriptive quantitative research using survey menhod. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis, conducting classical assumption tests first. The results showed that: Planning documents affected budget absorption. This showed the good or bad planning documents presented by Health Office of Maluku province would affect budget absorption; Adminitration records did not affect budget absorption. This showed that the good or bad administrative registration system at Health Office of Maluku Province did not budget absorption. Human resource competence did not affect budget absorption. This showed that the grant did not depend on human resources competency at health Office of Maluku Province. Planning documents had a positive effect on budgetabsorption. This showed that the more payment form would affice absorption Province. Inventory money did not affect the absorption budget. This showed that the better the inventory money mechanism for Global Fund grants for TB patien at the Health office of Maluku Province did not necessarily increase budget absorption. Simultaneously independent variables affectd the dependent variable.  Keywords : Global Fund Grants, Planning Documents, Administration recorts Human Resource Competency, Procurement Document Inventory Money on Budget Absorption.


In the paper the results of temperature investigations of polymer humidity sensor based on polyethyleneimine is presented. Sensor was prepared by chemical modification of polyethyleneimine and vacuum sputtering of gold electrodes on thick polymer film. The high thickness of the film limit the dynamic properties of the sensor. Electrical properties of the sensor were examined by impedance spectroscopy. The results allow structure optimization and improvement of dynamic properties of the sensor.


Dielectric breakdown of SiO/sub 2/ film is investigated with the constant injection current technique to determine whether a current density or an injected charge density is the critical parameter for breakdown.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a precise and inexpensive piezoelectric device having structure capable of performing high temperature processing necessary and sufficient for anneal processing regardless of the problem of the thermal resistance of a semiconductor integrated circuit in a piezoelectric device where the semiconductor integrated circuit and a piezoelectric oscillator are incorporated in a package. SOLUTION: In the piezoelectric device where the semiconductor integrated circuit and the piezoelectric oscillator are incorporated in the package, the feature of the piezoelectric device of a surface mount type is that the piezoelectric oscillator is connected to the package with a conductive adhesive, etc., that the semiconductor integrated circuit is arranged at the upper part of the piezoelectric oscillator and that the semiconductor integrated circuit is connected to the electrode pattern of the package with plural bumps.


Three new genera and five new species of Darwin wasps (Ichneumonidae) are described from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber: Heteropimpla pulverulenta sp. nov., Rasnichneumon alexandri gen. et sp. nov., R. gracilis sp. nov., Heteroichneumon rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov., and Rogichneumon braconidicus gen. et sp. nov. The genus Heteropimpla is transferred to Novichneumoninae. The subfamily Novichneumoninae, comprising 6 genera with 8 species, is endemic to Burmese amber, and no other subfamilies of Ichneumonidae are known in the Burmese assemblage. Ichneumonids are extremely rare in Burmese amber, as well as in other Cretaceous amber faunas. However, nine known specimens represent nine different species (one is not formally described due to poor preservation), indicating a serious paleontological record gap for Burmese Darwin wasps.


An air-combat pilot must both control the aircraft and locate targets. The objective of this study was to determine combined effects of using the Non-Distributed Flight Reference and 3-D audio/visual cueing system for the purpose of easing pilot control and aiding target location. The Non-Distributed Flight Reference was compared against the Military Standard display, while three different target cues were presented for target acquisition: (1) 3-D Audio Only, a voiced signal = "Target-Target", (2) Visual Only, a line emanating from the aim-sight reticle (located in the center of the subject's field of view) pointing towards the target aircraft, and (3) a Combined Audio/Visal cue, providing both cues. The subjects were asked to fly a simulated aircraft at a commanded heading and altitude while targets appeared from 15 different locations (three elevations 0°, +40°, and five azimuths 0°, ±30°, ±60°). Subject deviations from heading and altitude were used to determine flight performance, and target cue effectiveness was determined by recording the time to target. The results of this experiment showed that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in flight performance between the Non-Distributed Flight Reference and the Military Standard displays. The combined Audio/Visual Cueing system resulted in the fastest search times. These results are consistent with the findings from past research. The cleaner more integrated Non-Distributed Flight Reference allowed subjects to visually acquire targets quicker with no decrease in flight performance. Using the Non-Distributed Flight Reference display for attitude information combined with a 3-D Audio/Visual cueing system for target acquisition is a promising method of reducing search time during a visual search task. Thesis Supervisor: Laurence R. Young Title: Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics Professor of Health Science and Technology This work was supported by the Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.


• Green rooftops entail planting vegetation on top of a flat roof • Increased insulation • Deflects sunlight in the summer • Less dependency on city energy usage • Increase in biodiversity • Recycling of precipitation runoff • $10-25 per ft2 Lowering Energy Costs in Englewood, Chicago by Modifying Roofs John DeVine (CEE), Abigail Hanson (ChE/BME), Steven Loftin (ECE), and Colby Whitcomb (ChE) Advised by Professors Marja Bakermans (BBT) and Beth Eddy (HUA)


.............................................................................................................. IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 1.1 A BRIEF PREVIEW ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 THE DIMENSIONS OF E-COMMERCE ................................................................ 4 1.3 TRUST IN E-COMMERCE .................................................................................. 5 1.4 THE EVOLUTION OF THE TRUST MODELS ........................................................ 8 1.5 THE SCOPE OF THE THESIS ............................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2: TRUST ............................................................................................ 12 2.1 THE MEANINGS OF TRUST ............................................................................. 12 2.2 GENERAL TRUST MODELS ............................................................................ 14 2.2.1 E-Commerce Relationships Trust Model ............................................. 14 2.2.2 Generic Trust Model ............................................................................ 16 2.2.3 Trust Dimensions ................................................................................. 17 2.2.4 An Integrated Model of Trust ............................................................... 18 2.3 OTHER CRUCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO TRUST ............................................ 19 2.3.1 Ignorance and Knowledge ................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Mistrust and Distrust ........................................................................... 20 2.4 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3: PKI AND TRUST MODELS ........................................................ 21 3.1 SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHIES ............................... 21 3.2 PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY ....................................................................... 27 3.3 TRUST MODELS ............................................................................................ 32 3.3.1 X.509 .................................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 PEM ..................................................................................................... 46


This poster describes dynamism in vowel production using data derived from two experimental studies, one in Southern California, the other in southern Manitoba. In both studies, young adults read from a script containing multiple repetitions of target vowels in /hVd/ context. The frequencies of the first four formants were measured at three time points (25%, 50%, 75% of vowel duration) in each vowel. Analyses were conducted in both linear (hertz) and auditorily transformed (bark distance) terms. Many dialects of English clearly have diphthongal production of the tense vowels, especially /e, o/, which would be indicated by movement of the formants toward the periphery of the vowel space. For the two populations studied here, none of the tense vowels /i, e, o, u/ show net movement toward the periphery. While there are individual and group differences, simplex vowels in both dialects show very little movement between time points one and two, and only non‐targeted, transitional movement between time points tw...


The utility model relates to a centrifuge, and particularly to a horizontal spiral discharge sedimentary centrifuge for offshore oil drilling, which comprises a straight rotary drum and a conical rotary drum, wherein the straight rotary drum and the conical rotary drum are fixedly connected with each other; spiral pushers are arranged in the straight rotary drum and the conical rotary drum; and the left side of each of the spiral pushers is equipped with a large end cover mechanism while the right side thereof is equipped with a small end cover mechanism. The horizontal spiral discharge sedimentary centrifuge for offshore oil drilling is simple in structure, steady in treatment capacity, and long in service life.


Objective: To study the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects in vitro of aqueous extract of Paederia yunnanensis.Methods: Solution dilution method is used to measure the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of roots,stems and leaves of Paederia yunnanensis against Staphylococcus aureus,Shigella dysenteriae,Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: All of three parts have bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on the four experimental bacteria,but there are also significant differences.The root of Paederia yunnanensis has the strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and it is also the part with the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect for four experimental bacteria as a whole.The leaves of Paederia yunnanensis have the strongest bacteriostatic action against Shigella dysenteriae,and the stongest bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: The roots,stems,and leaves of Paederia yunnanensis have bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions against four experimental baceria,but also there are differences among their effects,and to provide the basis for the next step of antibacterial medicine standardization.