Multiple lightweight processes or threads have multiple stacks, and a thread context switch moves execution from one stack to another. On the SPARC 1 architecture, parts of a thread's stack can be cached in register windows while the thread is running. The cached data must be ushed to memory when the thread is suspended. Doing the ushing both eciently and correctly can be tricky. This document discusses the implementation of a non-preemptive user-space threads package under SunOS 2. 1 Introduction Lightweight processes executing in a single address space are called threads [Birrell 89]. Conceptually, each of the threads of control can run independently and concurrently, and, since they share one address space, they can share data. An implementation can run a large number of threads on a small number of processors by multiplexing the threads onto the processors. There are two alternatives for threads. Systems such as Mach [Young et al. 87] and Topaz [Thacker et al. 88] have kernel threads. Each thread is created in the operating system kernel and thread scheduling decisions, such as which thread to run and on which processor, are made in the kernel. An advantage of kernel threads is that when one thread performs a blocking system call (e.g., a read that blocks for user input), the kernel can \salvage" the processor of the blocked thread to run another thread in the same address space. A disadvantage is that creating, scheduling, and destroying threads are all done in the kernel, which makes threads expensive because all thread operations cross kernel protection boundaries. An alternative is user-space threads (or just user threads) such as Presto [Bershad et al. 88] and Fast-Threads [Anderson et al. 89]. User-space threads are managed entirely within the user address space. User threads can be faster because they don't cross protection boundaries and because their total state can be minimized for each application. User-space threads suer from the disadvantage that when a thread executes a blocking kernel call, the kernel does not know to start another thread. The blocking call reduces the number of processors running in the address space. Many systems have user threads for simplicity, performance, portability, or for compatibility with operating systems that don't support kernel threads. Typically, a user-space thread context switch involves saving and restoring register values, including the stack pointer. On the SPARC architecture, parts of the thread's stack may be cached in register windows. …


For more than a century physicians have recognized the relationship of the white blood cell count to the occurrence, severity, and outcome of many infectious diseases. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were noted as frequent markers of acute and chronic bacterial infections in Sir William Osier's first textbook. The introduction of poisonous gases during World War I and the recognition of agranulocytosis due to aminopyrine soon thereafter led to the acceptance of leukopenia and neutropenia as important predisposing factors for infections. Until the 1960s, physicians were taught the importance of fever and leukocyte patterns in the diagnosis of many diseases associated with inflammation, but the physiologic principles underlying these responses were poorly understood [1]. Three important observations in the 1960s set the stage for our appreciation of the importance of the hematopoietic growth factors, called colony-stimulating factors, in regulating the neutrophil response in infectious diseases. Early in this era, Athens et al. [2] began classic studies of neutrophil kinetics, using diisopropylfluorophosphate as a selective label for in vivo studies. These investigations demonstrated that neutrophils have an extremely rapid turnover, with a blood half-life of only ~68 h, and a production rate in adults of ~10 X 1010 cells/day. Bodey et al. [3] reported on the interrelationships of blood neutrophil counts, duration of neutropenia, and susceptibility to infections in patients with acute leukemia. These studies showed that the risk of infections is directly proportional to the duration of neutropenia and that this risk increases greatly when neutrophil levels (absolute neutrophil count, ANC) fall below 200/mm3 (0.2 X 109ZL). In 1966, Bradley and Metcalf [4] in Australia and Ichikawa et al. [5] in Israel almost simultaneously described growth factors that can stimulate in vitro formation of neutrophils from hematopoietic precursor cells. These classic observations, together with the discoveries of the mechanisms of pus formation [1,6], phagocytosis [7], endogenous pyrogens [8], the neutrophil oxidative burst [9], and the specific role of myeloperoxidase in the killing of bacteria [10], were critical to the development of our understanding of the role of neutrophils in host defenses. Although each of these discoveries was important, the discovery of the growth factors


The possibilities of the Rutherford (1.5 MeV He) and Nuclear (7.7 MeV H) Backscattering Spectrometry for investigation and certification of the protective coatings at the surface of aluminium alloys obtained by micro-arc oxidation were studied.


We present an extinction map of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using 204,502 stars from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey point-source catalog. We first use the NICE method to determine the reddening distribution, E(H - K) and E(J - H), which we compare to the H I distribution to find a near-infrared reddening law of E(J - H)/E(H - K) = 1.20 ± 0.04. A visual extinction map (~6° × 6°) of the LMC is created using the NICER method; at 4' resolution, a mean value of AV = 0.3 mag is found. We derive the LMC CO-to-H2 conversion factor, XLMC, independent of assumptions about the virialization of giant molecular clouds, by comparing the NICER extinction map with NANTEN 12CO observations. In regions where AV > 1 mag and 12CO emission is ≥2 K km s-1, we measure XLMC = 9.3 ± 0.4 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1. In the same regions, the LMC contains a total molecular mass of (4.5 ± 0.2) × 107 M☉.


The development of new resources for education with the support of the Robotics, creating a technological education. The guide robot proposes to perform the interaction of playful activities in children from 1 to 3 years old in Riobamba city; it was taken as a sample 11 children of the Child Care Centre CIBV, where the primary objective was to demonstrate the robotics applied to the education through the development of an interactive and didactic interface.
The applied methodology in this investigative work it is an educational one with new strategies across technological devices, with purposes of implementing the robotics in a classroom to help the teacher share new knowledge to the student.
The results demonstrated that the robotics can turn into an excellent tool to develop basic competitions, at the moment of developing various test of performance of playful activities with the robot and the children, it was observed that most of them adapted to the new system in which it was worked as a team together with the teacher, demonstrating that the group of boys and girls presented an advance in the playful activities to 100 %, whereas a child did not obtain the advance since he joined to the classroom in the last weeks of tests, nevertheless he showed an advance in the activities in 50 %.


With JiaXing district as a case, by analyzing the transformation of rural-urban space structure and the main problem of existing urban planning system of the region with fast urbanization rate, the paper introduced the content of the comprehensive plan of JiaXing district. Surveyed the spatial resources with GIS technology, integrated the protection and use of the space resources on the premise of satisfied the demand of region ecosystem environment, confirming network- combination space and function structure, integrated foundational and social facilities, strengthened space municipal governance and coordination.


Electric field distribution and relaxation in a multi-layer polymer system are analyzed based on electromagnetic theory. Analysis showed that the steady state DC electric fields across polymer layers depend on the conductivity of each layer. When a step DC voltage is applied to the electrodes, the field across the waveguide layer will relax exponentially from an initial state to a steady state depending on the dielectric constants and conductivities of polymers. The AC field distribution generally depends on the dielectric constants of the polymer layers at high frequency. At low frequency, the AC field distribution is frequency dependent, and a phase delay occurs. To eliminate the AC/DC field relaxation, the materials used must have matching dielectric properties. The relaxation time (tau) of each polymer layer must be equal at the operating conditions. The analysis of the field relaxation can be applied to the design, fabrication, and test of electro-optic polymer devices. The field relaxation in multi-layer polymers can affect the device bias and operation stability in practical applications. Experimental results showed that stable DC bias can be achieved by optimizing or matching relaxation properties of polymers. Other applications of the field relaxation analysis include polymer poling, device characterization, and new device designs.


The cascaded or central-moments-based lattice Boltzmann method (CM-LBM) is a robust alternative to the more conventional BGK-LBM for the simulation of high-Reynolds number flows. Unfortunately, its original formulation makes its extension to a broader range of physics quite difficult. To tackle this issue, a recent work [A. De Rosis, Phys. Rev. E 95, 013310 (2017)] proposed a more generic way to derive concise and efficient three-dimensional CM-LBMs. Knowing the original model also relies on central moments that are derived in an adhoc manner, i.e., by mimicking those of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to ensure their Galilean invariance a posteriori, a very recent effort [A. De Rosis and K. H. Luo, Phys. Rev. E 99, 013301 (2019)] was proposed to further generalize their derivation. The latter has shown that one could derive Galilean invariant CMs in a systematic and a priori manner by taking into account high-order Hermite polynomials in the derivation of the discrete equilibrium state. Combining these two approaches, a compact and mathematically sound formulation of the CM-LBM with external forcing is proposed. More specifically, the proposed formalism fully takes advantage of the D3Q27 discretization by relying on the corresponding set of 27 Hermite polynomials (up to the sixth order) for the derivation of both the discrete equilibrium state and the forcing term. The present methodology is more consistent than previous approaches, as it properly explains how to derive Galilean invariant CMs of the forcing term in an a priori manner. Furthermore, while keeping the numerical properties of the original CM-LBM, the present work leads to a compact and simple algorithm, representing a universal methodology based on CMs and external forcing within the lattice Boltzmann framework.


The utility model provides a temperature and humidity detector based on Arduino. The temperature and humidity detector comprises a sensor module, a power supply module, an Arduino control board, a wireless transmission module, and an operation terminal, wherein the sensor module is connected with the Arduino control board, the power supply module is connected with the Arduino control board, the Arduino control board is connected with the operation terminal through the wireless transmission module. With the temperature and humidity detector, remote control and multipoint simultaneous detection are achieved, the signal is processed by the Arduino control board, data related to the temperature and humidity is stored directly in the computer, so that monitoring for the temperature and humidity is achieved, and data processing and sharing are facilitated.


Single and two phase anaerobic methods were tested to research their performances in treating dry acrylon wastewater containing sulfate and hard biodegradable substances. The results show that two phase anaerobic process is of higher COD Cr removal efficiency, more stable operation condition, lower sulfate radical disturbance and easier biodegradability compared with single phase one. At pH value between 7.9 and 8.2, sulfate reduction becomes the main metabolic pathway of the substrate degradation. At pH value between 6.8 and 7.1, methanobacteria predominate.


Characterised by information and communication technology, regional services provided for enterprises are seen as a growth area with positive employment trends, particularly for graduates of higher education, students and those making a transition from other fields. In-company training is becoming more and more important: it is regarded as an opportunity for personnel recruitment. New information technology (IT), media and commercial occupations are widely accepted. Currently, one third of such young, innovative enterprises provide training but the training potential of these companies has not yet been realised. New skills demands are expected in this sector.


Maternal mortality rates have decreased globally but remain off track for Millennium Development Goals. Good‐quality delivery care is one recognised strategy to address this gap. This study examines the role of the private (non‐public) sector in providing delivery care and compares the equity and quality of the sectors.


Introduction As described in Section 1.12 on basic life support, the pregnant mother in cardiac arrest has usually suffered from the same deranged pathophysiology as the arrested child (i.e. respiratory or circulatory collapse rather than a primarily cardiac event). The 'child' type of cardiac arrest is seen in almost all children (excluding those rare arrhythmic events in children with congenital or acquired heart disease, and those in whom sudden, unexpected collapse is preceded by apparent normal respiratory and circulatory function), and in adults who have a terminal acute illness involving respiratory or circulatory pathology. This includes patients who have had convulsions, trauma (including drowning), poisoning, bleeding, sepsis, etc. In addition, there is international agreement that, where possible, guidelines on resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest should be simplifi ed, as there is evidence that complex guidelines cause 'provider paralysis', resulting in no or poor lifesaving effort being made. In view of this, the Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)/Maternal Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) programme for resourcelimited countries teaches a programme of basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) for infants, children and pregnant mothers which refl ects the known pathologies in these groups (i.e. respiratory and circulatory causes of cardiac arrest) and recognises that the clinicians who provide resuscitation attend patients of all ages.


Physical education, as an important part of school education, is of not very long history compared with those fundamental subjects of education science, but it has its own features of integrity relating to the complicated system of body movement. Therefore, as a typical form of life education, PE's educative values can not be replaced.


Chemical engineering unit operation labs do an excellent job of integrating the whole curriculum and exposing students to pilot-scale systems. Where they are often lacking, though, is the exposure to and use of real-life industrial automation by the future graduates. A unit operation lab that has been automated using industrial level paradigms and equipment is the focus of this paper. A partnership with a global automation manufacturer (Emerson) was established and the lab was retrofitted using industrial sensors and actuators, a Distributed Control System (DeltaV DCS), industrial networks (FOUNDATION Fieldbus and AS-i), Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens, and system redundancy. The details of the automation along with its use through the lab curriculum will be discussed. This cross-curricular approach benefits students as, through the regular unit operation labs, they become familiar with key elements of an automated set-up, understand the need for it and its limitations, see control loops in action, communicate to the units through the HMI, and use the HMI to recover historical data on the processes. The lab is a meso-scale of a processing facility and prepares students for field work after graduation. At the same time, the traditional exposure to "manually operated" sensors and final elements is maintained as some of the units have not been converted to fully automated systems


Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical players in gene regulation for multiple biological processes. However, their roles and functions in human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) differentiation remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of lncRNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcript (MIAT) in the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. We found that the expression of MIAT was downregulated in a time‐dependent manner during hASCs osteoinduction. MIAT knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of hASCs both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MIAT expression was increased upon tumor necrosis factor‐α treatment and MIAT knockdown reversed the negative effects of inflammation on osteoblastic differentiation. This study improves our knowledge of lncRNAs in governing the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases.


A series of 50 patients were studied to determine if post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cardiac output (CO) could be predicted based upon in-line venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) values generated as CPB was being terminated. After rewarming, the arterial pump flow (APQ) was varied and resultant changes in SvO2 recorded. At low flow (600 ml/min), just prior to terminating CPB, the SvO2 was recorded and plotted on a linear graph generated from the previous data. The CO predicted by the low flow SvO2 correlated well with post-CPB measurements of the CO. (r = 0.82, p<. 0001)


From the Publisher:

Provides a complete, solutions-oriented guide to the challenges most often faced by PHP developers Written specifically for experienced Web developers, the book offers real-world solutions to real-world needs PHP is the major open source alternative to Microsoft's Active Server Pages, and is currently in use on over 1.5 million Web sites The authors are both directly involved with the development of the PHP project


To integrate forms and contents in poetry translation is baffling,it proves even more so if translators can not find the equivalents in the target language.This paper offers a map for previous development of compensation in translation and suggests approaches of compensation including notes inserted in and out of the text,literal translation,domestication,foreignization,deletion and simplification concerning cultural defaults in Chinese to English Poetry translation.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious motor disorder in human and it is caused by a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia. One damaging effect after dopamine denervation is an overactivity of glutamate pathways in the brain and this is related to the onset of symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Glutamate transmission is regulated by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-T3) and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs: GLT1, GLAST and EAAC1). In normal rats, double labeling experiments revealed that pattern of distribution of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 immunoreactivities was found to be primarily segregated in the neuropilar elements, whereas VGLUT3 immunoreactivity was found in the perikarya of different subpopulations of neurons in the basal ganglia. The present results indicate that VGLUT1 and T2 proteins are likely to be expressed by sub-groups of glutamatergic terminals that differ in origin. VGLUT3 is only found in subpopulations of neurons in the basal ganglia suggests possible roles of glutamate in these neurons. In 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, an animal model of Parkinson's disease, immunoreactivity for GLT1 and GLAST was found to be decreased in the striatum of the lesioned side. Prominent decreases in GLT1 and GLAST protein expressions were also found. These findings indicate that excessive levels of extracellular glutamate after the onset of Parkinson's disease may at least be due to a depletion of glial glutamate transporters, i.e., a deficit in re-cycling of glutamate as a neurotransmitter. In addition, immunoreactivity for EAAC1 and VGLUT3 was differentially modulated in the basal ganglia after 6-OHDA lesion. These results indicate that the expression of EAAC1 and VGLUT3 are related to change of activities of neurons in the basal ganglia after dopamine denervation. These findings may have important implications in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Last but not the least, GLT1 expression was found to be increased after the administration of an antibiotic ceftriaxone in normal and 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Immunoreactivity for GLT1 was found to be increased in the lesioned striatum compared to the non-lesioned side of the ceftriaxone-treated rats. Although, no amelioration in motor behavior was found, these results provide evidence that ceftriaxone is potent positive regulator for GLT1 expression. These findings may have potential clinical application in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.


In this paper, the application of the rotating magnetic field method of driving plasma current to the generation of a compact torus configuration known as the rotamak is described. The results obtained in a high‐power (few MW), short‐duration (∼80 μsec) rotamak experiment are presented [Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1676 (1980)]. In particular, the magnetic structure of the stable, oblate, compact torus configuration that is produced in the experiment is described in detail.


With the expansion of higher education in recent decades, exclusive academic qualifications have become the prominent way in which the status hierarchy of education is preserved. Much of the previo ...


Pepper (Piper ningrum L.) is one of Indonesia's most important spice commodities with high economic value. Pepper plants are propagated by vegetative methods using cuttings. Factors The origin of planting material and the application organic fertilizer can support the development of technology to provide good pepper propagation material. This study used Completely Randomized Group Design with two factors: the origin of planting material and organic fertilizers. The origin of planting materials was 2nd (S2), 3rd (S3), 4th (S4) and 5th (S5) node cuttings, while organic fertilizer used were fulvic acid (P1) and biological fertilizer. The results showed that organic fertilizers did not affect all observed parameters, while the origin of plant material affected the percentage of life cuttings, seed height, number of leaves, number of internodes and nodes, and number of branching plants. The origin of plant material that had the best results was the 3rd node cuttings (S3), while the best interaction of fertilizers and cuttings showed by combination of fulvic acid and 3rd node cuttings (P1S3). Further research was needed on the dose and frequency application of organic fertilizer.


This paper is concerned with numerical solution of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems involving an incompressible viscous flow and an elastic structure. A second-order time accurate semi-implicit method is proposed that separates the pressure term of the fluid equations and strongly couples it to the structure, while the rest of the fluid terms and the geometrical derivatives (moving mesh) are only loosely coupled. A second-order projection method is used to solve the fluid equations and also as a framework for the FSI coupling. Particular attention is paid to the accuracy of the fluid pressure in the projection method. The proposed coupling method retains the second-order accuracy for the coupled system. Numerical tests are carried out on a benchmark problem and the second-order accuracy for all the variables of interest (fluid velocity and pressure, and structural deformation) is demonstrated.


Differences-in-differences evaluates the effect of a treatment. In its basic version, a "control group" is untreated at two dates, whereas a "treatment group" becomes fully treated at the second date. However, in many applications of this method, the treatment rate increases more only in the treatment group. In such fuzzy designs, de Chaisemartin and D'Haultfœuille (2018b, Review of Economic Studies 85: 999–1028) propose various estimands that identify local average and quantile treatment effects under different assumptions. They also propose estimands that can be used in applications with a nonbinary treatment, multiple periods, and groups and covariates. In this article, we present the command fuzzydid, which computes the various corresponding estimators. We illustrate the use of the command by revisiting Gentzkow, Shapiro, and Sinkinson (2011, American Economic Review 101: 2980–3018).


Electron projection lithography (EPL) is one of the most promising candidates for the next generation lithography toward the hp 45 nm-node and beyond. EPL employs a stencil mask made from 200 mm Si wafer without a support frame, therefore chucking of an EPL tool and a metrology tool causes deformation in an EPL reticle. However, linear components of sub-field (SF) position error can be corrected by reticle alignment features of an EPL tool, whereas the non-linear components of SF position error can be corrected where each SF is measured beforehand and the corresponding reticle distortion correction (RDC) data is fed into the EPL exposure tool. The SF position error can be viewed as inter-SF IP error where it can be affected by the repeatability of measurement and by the repeatability of distortions caused by the chucking of the measurement tool and the EPL tool. The other part of inter-SF IP comes from the residual that relates to global IP. Besides inter-SF IP, intra-SF IP can be divided into "local IP" and "pattern distribution". For our studies we have investigated the measurement repeatability of the metrology tool (Nikon XY-6i), distortion repeatabilities caused by the chucking of the metrology tool and the EPL tool (NSR-EB1A), global and local IPs, and pattern distortion. Currently we find the effect of mask IP on wafer scale is less than 9 nm, and we believe that in the near future the EPL mask IP target for the hp 45 nm-node could be realized.


PURPOSE: An output enable signal generation circuit of a semiconductor memory device is provided to generate an output enable signal corresponding to CAS latency and a read command by generating a source reset signal according to an internal clock signal. CONSTITUTION: A reset signal generation unit(310) outputs an OE reset signal by synchronizing a reset signal to an external clock signal. A plurality of synchronization units(320) generates a source reset signal by synchronizing the OE reset signal to an internal clock signal twice or more. An output enable signal output unit is reset in response to the source reset signal. By respectively counting the external clock signal and the internal clock signal, the output enable signal output unit outputs an output enable signal corresponding to CAS latency and a read command. The synchronization unit includes a first synchronization unit(322) for synchronizing the OE reset signal to the internal clock signal The synchronization unit includes a second synchronization unit(324) for outputting an output signal of the first synchronization unit as the source reset signal.


Reduced T cell responses by contrast antigen stimulation can be rescued by signals from costimulatory receptors. Adapting to antigens Cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) are engaged by antigens, leading to T cell activation and cytokine production. Trendel et al. exposed primary human CD8+ T cells to a wide range of antigens and mathematically analyzed cellular cytokine production to determine both how T cells respond to constant antigen stimulation and the effect of down-regulation of the TCR from the cell surface. The authors showed that T cells adapted to constant antigen stimulation by stopping cytokine production even in the absence of complete TCR down-regulation. Signaling by costimulatory receptors broke this adaptation and maintained cytokine production. These results have implications for the design of chimeric antigen receptors that must maintain cellular activation to provide effective therapies. Maintaining and limiting T cell responses to constant stimulation with antigen are critical to control pathogens and maintain self-tolerance, respectively. Antigen recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs) activates signaling that stimulates T cells to produce cytokines and also leads to the down-regulation of cell surface TCRs. In other systems, receptor down-regulation can induce perfect adaptation to constant stimulation by a mechanism known as state-dependent inactivation, which requires complete down-regulation of the receptor or the ligand; however, this is not the case for the TCR. Here, we observed that in vitro–expanded primary human T cells exhibited perfect adaptation with respect to cytokine production to constant antigen stimulation across a 100,000-fold variation in affinity with partial TCR down-regulation. By directly fitting a mechanistic model to these data, we showed that TCR down-regulation produced imperfect adaptation, but, when coupled to a switch, produced perfect adaptation in terms of cytokine production. A prediction of this model was that TCR signaling induced by peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) continues after adaptation, which we confirmed by showing that, whereas costimulation could not prevent adaptation, signaling by the costimulatory receptors CD28 and 4-1BB reactivated adapted T cells to produce cytokines in a pMHC-dependent manner. We showed that adaptation also applied to first-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells but was partially avoided with second-generation CARs. These findings highlight that perfect adaptation limits the responses of T cells, rendering them dependent on costimulation for sustained responses.


Symbiotic and free-living aerobic sulphide oxidizing chemoautotrophs are abundant at sites of diffuse hydrothermal vent flow and at hydrocarbon seeps, and are responsible for a large portion of primary productivity for these communities. As evidenced by the thick white bacterial mats often found encrusting vestimentiferan tubes, free-living and symbiotic sulphide oxidizing chemoautotrophs live within millimetres of one another. However, their chemical microhabitats can be quite different. The microhabitat of vestimentiferan symbionts is created by the host. Vestimentiferan symbionts are packed into bacteriocyte vacuoles in the trophosome organ, which fills the host body cavity. Inorganic carbon is delivered to the bacteriocytes by blood vessels that extensively perfuse the trophosome, and an abundant coelomic fluid that surrounds this organ (for review, see Childress & Fisher, 1992). Both blood and coelomic fluid are moderately to extremely enriched in inorganic carbon (Table 1). The cytosol of the bacteriocytes has a high activity of carbonic anhydrase, which is believed to facilitate the diffusion of this pool of inorganic carbon to the symbiont-containing vacuoles (Kochevar & Childress, 1996). In contrast, free-living autotrophs such as Thiomicrospira crunogena Jannach et al., 1985 acquire their inorganic carbon directly from the diluted hydrothermal fluid flowing past them. T. crunogena is abundant and cosmopolitan; it has been found to be a major component of bacterial mats from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Muyzer et al., 1995) and was originally isolated from Riftia pachyptila Jones, 1981 tubes at the East Pacific Rise. T. crunogena encrusting R. pachyptila tubes experience fluctuations in hydrothermal fluid flow over time scales from seconds to days (see references in Childress & Fisher, 1992) which create Cah. Biol. Mar. (1998) 39 : 379-381


In the Chunxiao Oilfield Incident that took place in September of 2005,the Japanese side intensified the dispute on oil and gas resources in East China Sea by making irresponsible remarks and providing distorted information.This paper probes into the incident and tries to find out the truth.It also uses some related international laws to provide legal basis for the solution to the disputes on the delimitation of the continental shelf of East China Sea.


The invention discloses an integrally-assembled cantilever-type retaining wall and a construction method thereof. A prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall plate (1) is adopted as a wall surface plate, and a base of the retaining wall adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete bottom plate (2) with vertical lap-joint reinforcing steel bars (3). When the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall plate (1) is in assembling, the vertical lap-joint reinforcing steel bars (3) are stretched into holes in the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall plate (1); vertical stressed reinforcing steel bars (9) are inserted into the holes of the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall plate (1) and concrete (7) is poured to form the integrally-assembled cantilever-type retaining wall. The provided construction method of the integrally-assembled cantilever-type retaining wall in the invention includes the following steps in sequence: (a) preparation work; (b) foundation excavation; (c) hoisting; (d) inserting of the reinforcing steel bars and concrete pouring; (e) backfilling.


Objective: We studied whether treatment with bright white light is beneficial for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Methods: Fifteen women were studied over five menstrual cycles. Two trials of light therapy were administered at symptomatic or asymptomatic phases in the cycle. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was confirmed in 12 of the 15 subjects. Physical and mental status were assessed with daily symptom ratings. Data were evaluated by time series analysis so that results could be compared within cycles and in phases with or without light therapy. In two consecutive months subjects were treated in the symptomatic or an asymptomatic phase of the cycle. Results: Two sessions of light therapy in the symptomatic phase of the cycle was slightly more effective than a single treatment or treatment in an asymptomaatic phase. Conclusion: These results suggest that light therapy may be effective for treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Further studies should include a control group with sham treatment or an effective treatment modality.


In this paper, we consider a variant of dichromatic number on digraphs with prescribed sets of arcs. Let $D$ be a digraph and let $Z_1, Z_2$ be two sets of arcs in $D$. For a subdigraph $H$ of $D$, let $A(H)$ denote the set of all arcs of $H$. Let $\mu(D, Z_1, Z_2)$ be the minimum number of parts in a vertex partition $\mathcal{P}$ of $D$ such that for every $X\in \mathcal{P}$, the subdigraph of $D$ induced by $X$ contains no directed cycle $C$ with $|A(C)\cap Z_1|\neq |A(C)\cap Z_2|$. For $Z_1=A(D)$ and $Z_2=\emptyset$, $\mu(D, Z_1, Z_2)$ is equal to the dichromatic number of $D$. We prove that for every digraph $F$ and every tuple $(a_e,b_e,r_e, q_e)$ of integers with $q_e\ge 2$ and $\gcd(a_e,q_e)=\gcd(b_e,q_e)=1$ for each arc $e$ of $F$, there exists an integer $N$ such that if $\mu(D, Z_1, Z_2)\ge N$, then $D$ contains a subdigraph isomorphic to a subdivision of $F$ in which each arc $e$ of $F$ is subdivided into a directed path~$P_e$ such that~$a_e|A(P_e)\cap Z_1|+b_e|A(P_e)\cap Z_2|\equiv {r_e}\pmod {q_e}$. This generalizes a theorem of Steiner [Subdivisions with congruence constraints in digraphs of large chromatic number, arXiv:2208.06358] which corresponds to the case when $(a_e, b_e, Z_1, Z_2)=(1, 1, A(D), \emptyset)$.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and a growing health care problem worldwide. The disease affects different brain regions, including hippocampus, enthorhinal cortex, amygdala, neocortex and certain basal forebrain nuclei. Macroscopically, shrinkage of gyri and widening of sulci characterize the AD brain. Histopathological changes consist of deposition of extracellular senile plaques, composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-binding protein tau, concomitant with a progressive loss of neurons. Inflammatory processes are believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of AD and may play an important role in the disease progression. One of the cytokines upregulated in AD is interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 seems to be overexpressed early in the plaque formation process, possibly by activated microglia. Organotypic slice cultures of the roller-drum and membrane techniques were applied to develop model systems of AD. The major advantages with these cultures are the well-preserved phenotypic cellular and structural organization as well as possibilities for long-term culturing. The following studies were performed using organotypic hippocampal cultures to characterize key pathophysiological components of AD: In study 1 roller-drum cultures were used for evaluating the effect of Aβ25-35 on different nerve cell populations and glial cells. Aβ25-35 gave rise to fibrillar aggregates, a timeand concentrationdependent reduction in the number of NMDA-R1 immunolabeled pyramidal cells and damaged GAD65 immunopositive interneurons. Also, neurons immunopositive for phosphorylated tau and GFAP-labeled astrocytes were affected, while GABA-immunopositive interneurons and glial cells seemed unaffected. In study 2 roller-drum cultures were used to investigate mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death induced by IL-1β. IL-1β induced a concentration-dependent loss of NMDAR1 immunoreactive pyramidal neurons, which could be inhibited by trolox and MK-801. These findings suggest the involvement of free radicals and NMDA receptor-mediated processes in IL1β-induced neurodegeneration. In study 3 the neurodegenerative effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in roller-drum cultures was investigated. The LPS-exposure caused an increased density of CD11b positive cells, indicating the occurrence of reactive microgliosis. A rapid loss of both NMDA-R1 and GABA-immunoreactive cells was induced by the LPS exposure. Concomitant with the pyramidal cell loss an increased number of p53/NMDA-R1 and NMDA-R1/TUNEL double-labeled cells were found, suggesting that apoptotic events were involved in the neurodegeneration. In study 4 the relation between Aβ and tau phosphorylation was characterized in a membrane organotypic culture system. Western blotting analysis showed that exposure to Aβ25-35, increased the degree of tau phosphorylation at Tau [pS396] and [pS199] epitopes. Also protein levels of active GSK3β [pY] were increased, while Cdk5 and p35 did not change significantly. In this thesis different components of the amyloid cascade hypothesis were characterized in phenotypically advanced model systems. Links between Aβ neurotoxicity, tau phosphorylation and alterations in activated kinases were established (study 1 and 4) as well as a role of inflammatory processes in neurodegeneration, using Il-1β (study 2) and LPS (study 3) as inducers. The developed models may serve as a useful platform for detailed characterization of key components AD pathophysiology and their interdependence in the disease process. Additional opportunities include the benefits of organotypic cultures as a crucial step between simple in vitro assays and in vivo models in the evaluation of disease modifying therapies for AD. Characterization of hippocampal slice cultures as model systems for neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease ORIGINAL PAPERS This thesis is based on the four papers below, referred to by their Roman numerals (IIV): I. Modelling of amyloid β-peptide induced lesions using roller-drum incubation of hippocampal slice cultures from neonatal rats. Johansson S, Radesater A-C, Cowburn RF, Thyberg J, and Luthman J. Experimental Brain Research 2005, Sep 21: 1-14 [Epub ahead of print] II. The vitamin-E analog trolox and the NMDA antagonist MK-801 protect pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slice cultures from IL-1β-induced neurodegeneration. Radesater A-C, Johansson S, Oberg C, and Luthman J. Neurotoxicity Research, 2003, 5(6): 433-42. III. Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated neurodegeneration in hippocampal slice cultures Johansson S, Bohman S, Radesater A-C, Oberg C, and Luthman J. Neurotoxicity Research, 2005, 8(4): 001-014 IV. Increased tau phosphorylation at the S and S epitopes after Aβ(25-35)-exposure in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Johansson S, Jamsa A, Vasange M, Winblad B, Luthman J, and Cowburn RF Manuscript. * Shared first authorship Papers I, II and III are reprinted with permission from the publishers


Conclusions Physicians have historically organized care around patients, often traveling to meet them at the bedside. With easier means of transportation and the centralization of patients in hospitals, medical care became increasingly organized around physicians, with patients most commonly seeing them sequentially.6 That being said, diseases have no respect for disciplinary boundaries and outcomes and costs will likely be improved by accelerating the trend to reorganize around patient diseases ("service lines"). For disease processes that rely on multiple specialties, it is time that morbidity and mortality conferences, along with peer review, also become interdisciplinary. This approach should be embraced as a new standard of quality assurance.


We describe the Iranian Operations Research Society (IORS), established in 2005 and joined IFORS in 2009, by explaining its goals, identifying the members of its first two executive councils, announcing its Iranian Journal of Operations Research (IJOR), and pronouncing its annual International Conferences in Operations Research.

Keywords:

IORS;
IJOR;
IFORS;
operations research


A graft copolymer, composed of malefic anhydride as side group and high-density polyethylene as backbone, was synthesized by a new method, in-situ chlorinating graft copolymerization. The result of Fourier Transform Infrared scans indicated the existence of anhydride polyethylene even if the chlorine content of the products was low (about 3%). Reactive degree of anhydridisation of polyethylene (AD), which was up to 1.4 wt%, was measured by chemical titration. The crystal behavior of graft copolymer was characterized by X-Ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results of gel content and viscosity average molecular weight showed the modified polyethylene had no cross-link and degradation. Scanning electron microscope indicated that the compatibility between graft copolymer and polar polymers, such as poly (vinyl chloride), increased greatly compared with high-density polyethylene. As is highlighted in this paper, the preparation of anhydride polyethylene could be carried out efficiently and simply via in-situ chlorinating graft copolymerization.


To the Editor.— In the report by Check entitled "Switch to Soy Protein for Boring but Healthful Diet" (1982; 247:3045) in the MEDICAL NEWS section, I would like to point out that a soy diet does not have to be boring. As the nutritionist for the metabolic study described, I developed four different menus for each of the three diets tested. The soy diet incorporated various soy products, including textured vegetable protein, tofu, soy flours, nuts and granules, and soybeans. Two sample soy menus are given in the Table. Menus were planned to meet the recommended dietary allowances 1 for this age group and to accommodate the taste preferences of young adult males. Overall, subjects found the meals to be satisfying and tasty. Monotony may have occurred during the 28-day feeding period because of the repetitious cycle and the highly controlled conditions. However, soy products are versatile, and only the imagination


Digital receivers are pursued as part of future civilian and military applications. Design and implementation of a broadband receiver is presented that operates for radar applications at S-band. Performance of the realized hardware is evaluated in terms of system parameters.


Compromised cerebral blood flow has been identified as a contributing risk factor for future ischemic events in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. Nevertheless, the hemodynamic impact of carotid stenosis is rarely evaluated. The aim of this observational cross-section study was to investigate how a reduced internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow rate (BFR), rather than stenosis degree, relates to BFR in the cerebral arteries.Four-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D-PCMRI) was used to measure cerebral blood flow in 38 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (50%), being considered for carotid endarterectomy. The BFR in the cerebral arteries was compared between two subgroups that were based on the BFR in the symptomatic (ipsilateral) ICA: I. reduced ICA flow (<160 mL/min) i.e., 2 SD The degree of stenosis was not significantly different between the two subgroups (72% vs. 80%; P=0.09). In the reduced group compared to the preserved ICA flow group, a reduced BFR was found in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) (10832 vs. 13624 mL/min; P<0.01) and anterior cerebral artery (A1 segment) (-647 vs. 8127 mL/min;P<0.001), while the BFR was increased in the contralateral A1 segment (15279 vs. 8241 mL/min; P<0.001). There was also a reversed BFR in the posterior communicating artery and ophthalmic artery on the ipsilateral side in the group with reduced ICA flow. BFR laterality was observed in all paired arteries in the reduced ICA flow group (P<0.05), while there was no laterality in the preserved ICA flow group (P>0.05).4D-PCMRI revealed compromised cerebral blood flow in patients with carotid stenosis, not possible to detect by solely analyzing the stenosis degree. In patients with reduced ICA flow, collateral recruitment was not sufficient to maintain symmetrical BFR distribution to the two hemispheres.


Microbial, biochemical and histochemical analysis of Black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) inoculated with mycorrhiza from the organic soil, inorganic soil, natural soil, control and Glomus fasciculatum was studied. Microbial population and activity of different enzymes in soils of pepper and sorghum inoculated with mycorrhiza and control plants were studied. The anatomical studies showed that there were striking differences in plant leaf structures. Sizes of upper epidermis, lower epidermis, xylem cells and spongy layer increased due to inoculation with mycorrhiza from the organic soil, inorganic soil, natural soil, control and Glomus fasciculatum . Histochemical analysis of these crop plants were carried out to study the difference in the accumulation of the polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids in leaf tissues of control and mycorrhiza inoculated plants. There was increased accumulation of protein, polysaccharide and the nucleic acids in the leaf samples indicating the direct correlation between the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal   ( AM) fungi and the crop response to inoculation of the AM fungi. The growth parameters studied were stem girth, rooting percentage and sprouting percentage. Mycorrhizal association with pepper and sorghum was also studied.


The aims the present investigation aimed to point out some data concerning renal colic in Palestine, and to evaluate the practical clinic approach to it. All the renal colic cases treated in three month in the Hebron hospital ED, reviewed to assess the data, diagnostic and treatment patterns, and to compare them with what is reported in the literature. Retrospective study by review of file of emergency department in three month of renal colic or urinary stone. Renal colic were diagnosed in three month 300 cases (1%) from all vister of ED; 66 % of them were recurrent stone formers; the males 61%, female 39%, The age distribution, showed a higher rate from 25 to 44 years of age, Ultrasonography (US) was the examination in 72% cases, 99% lab test urine analysis. Diclofen were always used (90%), association with Hyoscine butylbromide, narcotic as pethidin (10%). The data of our investigation are in a substantial agreement with the reported literature bout features of renal colic and its treatment. The diagnostic approach is mainly based on US and lab test. CT-scan was not used in ED. Conclusion; the data of our investigation agree substantially with those reported in the literature as far as concerns of renal colic and its treatment. The diagnostic approach is mainly based on US whereas urine examination, most of patient given Diclofen, and Hyoscine butylbromide and 10% given narcotic. In pale stain treated the renal colic as national guide.


In this paper, the use of laterally graded doping and hetero gate high dielectric with high-k spacers which were positioned on both sides of the gate have been proposed to improve the performance of Junctionless Transistors (JLT). Further recessed gate structure is also used to compare its performance with conventional JLTs. 2-D TCAD simulations have been used to observe that the Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and Sub Threshold Swing (SS) were reduced by 26% and 61% respectively. Further the current ratio improved by 108 times in the final structure. Our analysis focuses on the ability of the proposed design for a reduced leakage current leading to higher current ratio and also lower short channel effects (SCEs) like SS and DIBL.


Abstract The holotype specimen of the ischnacanthid acanthodian Atopacanthus dentatus comprises most of the posterior half of a dentigerous jaw bone, rather than a fragment from the middle of the jaw as was previously believed. A new diagnosis and revised description for the taxon are based on the holotype from the Rhinestreet Shale (Frasnian) and other specimens from the North Evans and Genundewa limestones (early Frasnian) of the Genesee Formation (late Givetian-early Frasnian); all of these dentigerous jaw bones were collected near Hamburg, New York state, U.S.A. An emended diagnosis for Atopacanthus clarifies the differences between it and other ischnacanthid genera.


Up to now our treatment of differential geometry has been rather informal. The reader is assumed to have the modicum of background knowledge of manifolds and tensors needed to follow the discussion at the modest level of rigor appropriate to the occasion. In the study of renormalization in the next chapter, however, covariant derivatives and curvature tensors will enter in an essential and technical way. It seems prudent, therefore, to pause for a comparatively thorough and precise discussion of those concepts, which are central to contemporary physics — not only in general relativity, but also in the gauge theories of elementary particles. We are concerned here only with purely " local " matters. Global topology, which leads in physics to monopoles, the Aharonov–Bohm effect, instantons, and so on, has been the subject of a vast amount of recent expository writing and is beyond the scope of this book. Covariant derivatives Let's start with a conceptual introduction to, or review of, the two most familiar and elementary instances of covariant differentiation in physics. They correspond to the fundamental coupling of matter to the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, respectively. In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics the basic dynamical object is the wave function, ψ(x) = ψ(t, x). Insofar as the operational significance of ψ lies in the probability density, |ψ(x)| 2 , the phase of ψ is irrelevant. At least, the overall phase is. At first sight it might appear that even the relative phase of the wave function at different points is unobservable: ˜ ψ(x) ≡ e iθ(x) ψ(x) ≡ [U ψ](x) contains the same information as ψ. This is not quite correct, however, as soon as one considers the momentum observable (or anything else


Between 80 000 and 150 000 marine birds wintering in the Bay of Biscay were killed during the "Erika" oil spill. Three complementary studies were conducted to investigate the geographic origins of these birds. The common guillemot, Uria aalge, represented more than 80% of the oiled birds and these studies thus focused primarily on this species. Analyses of 184 ring recoveries and biometry of 1851 corpses indicated that guillemots originated from a large geographic area, including colonies from across the British Isles and the North Sea, along with more northern localities. However, the majority of individuals came from colonies located between western Scotland and the Celtic Sea. The third study, based on a population genetic approach using microsatellite markers (samples from dead oiled birds and from more than 600 birds caught in 19 breeding colonies), showed little genetic differentiation among north- eastern Atlantic guillemot colonies. This result limits the ability to identify the geographic origins of the birds using only DNA samples, but reveals a significant amount of gene flow among colonies. Overall, results indicate the large spatial scale of the oil spill's impact and underline the usefulness of combining multiple approaches to assess the local and regional effects of such accidents.


Data extracted from routinely recorded GP practice and specialist EPRs and held by the HSCIC. Supplementary information relating to specific complications and procedures is sourced and linked within the HSCIC. Currently this is predominantly from the HES database and Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and the Medical Research Information Service (MRIS) - Mortality data. HSCIC in partnership with NCVIN provide analysis.


For emergent situation such as fire rescuing, effective localization and real-time status monitoring are very important because firefighters are always at risks. Generally, firefighters strive the disaster in indoor environment where GPS signals cannot be acquired. In this paper, we proposed an intelligent system of localization and information acquisition for firefighters. Real-time position of firefighter is acquired by dead-reckoning sensors based on step-size measurement. Various physiological sensors are integrated to achieve physical status. Then, necessary information is displayed on an intelligent terminal, glasses-like LCD. Firefighters' physiological status and real-time environmental information are sent to remote databases by wireless mobile networks. Through B/S structure, these real-time information and curves are displayed on the webpage and can be queried at any time and any place. Therefore, the command center can effectively master real status of firefighters and their surrounding environment. Meanwhile, some necessary information can be shared among firefighters. Experimental results show that the proposed system can work well and give strong support for firefighters.


Background: Prostatic cancer is a rare condition in cats but should be included as a differential diagnosis whenever middle-aged cats present lower urinary tract signs, such as dysuria and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound can indicate the disease, but fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology are necessary to establish the neoplastic origin and the therapeutic plan. Because of the limited data, no standard-of-care treatment or prognostic information exists in cats with prostate carcinoma. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical approach in a case of prostatic carcinoma in a cat. Case: A 6-year-old, intact male, domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 3-day history of dysuria, hematuria, inappetence, constipation, lethargy and prostration. On physical examination, the cat was in a very poor general condition and abdominal palpation revealed firm mass located caudally to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder presented high repletion degree, while the large bowel was distended and presented soft faecal content. Blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and high serum creatinine level, and severe hematuria, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mass located in the prostatic area with hypoechogenic and slightly heterogeneous parenchyma, measuring 3.3 x 3.0 cm. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine-needle aspiration of the prostate was performed. Microscopically, the cells were round with basophilic cytoplasm, and had round to ovoid nuclei, dense chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Some cells were binucleated and mild anisocytosis and marked anisokaryosis were documented. These findings were compatible with malignant prostatic neoplasia. After initial clinical stabilization, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for tumor resection. Cystotomy followed by pubic osteotomy was performed to access the tumor. Urethral anastomosis was necessary due to adherence of the neoplasm to adjacent structures. However, the patient died during the immediate postoperative period. No complications related to surgery were observed at necropsy. Tissue specimens were collected and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Prostatic carcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry tests using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, and primary antibodies against vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and 7. Discussion: Prostatic neoplams are rare in cats and clinical signs are suggestive of lower urinary tract disease, such as dysuria and/or hematuria, associated with tenesmus. Abdominal or rectal palpation seems to be essential to detect the prostatic enlargement. Ultrasound imaging was more sensitive than radiography, since it brings more information about structure, size, form and prostatic internal architecture. The patient's serum creatinine value above the normal range for cats indicated partial urethral obstruction, due to neoplastic concentric growth. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine needle aspiration cytology was an effective method to confirm neoplastic etiology. The advanced stage of the disease and poor clinical condition probably contributed to death at the immediate postoperative period, even though the surgical technique seemed to be appropriate as demonstrated at necropsy. Also, the immunohistochemistry tests allowed to confirm the diagnosis and excluded the main differential diagnoses, such as urothelial carcinoma and prostatic sarcomatoid carcinoma.


: Focused on the stance of culture in global perspective, this paper aimed to develop awareness in contemporary society. Young generations nowadays immerse on technology and are mostly influenced by social media, they become the victims of globalization. This issue has been reflected in many aspects, including art and design. As educators, researchers try to find a method and solution to build understanding about the importance of cultural identity. THROUGH workshop offered a new mindset that could be a sample and study case to create mutual understanding between art, design, and culture, and how to present these aspects globally. Students could learn about Chinese cultural contexts and try to relate it with global issues through their artwork. Students focused on Chinese military rank badges as their main topic. They did their research based on colours, symbols, and shapes. The final outcome was splendid not only from its visual aspects but also from its cultural contexts. This artwork managed to represent Chinese identity in contemporary perspective that can be present in global communities. Thus, this workshop acts as an experimental project that can encourage young generation to explore more about their identity and implement their knowledge in global perspective through their artwork.


In the United States, metropolitan area population increased from 69 percent of the total population in 1970 to 80 percent in 2000, but the population has continued to suburbanize within the metropolitan areas. This phenomenon is especially highlighted in Chicago. The population of the City of Chicago peaked at 3.6 million in 1950, containing 70 percent of metropolitan area residents. By 2000, 2.9 million Chicagoans made up only 36 percent of the region's population. Also, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) on U.S. highways has been increasing at a much faster rate than either population or developed land for several decades. It is widely accepted that dense or compact city should be more "sustainable" due to higher energy efficiency in higher residential density along with greater accessibility to city facilities, and shared infrastructure. A key question of interest is the extent to which developing more compactly would reduce VMT and make alternative modes of travel (i.e., walking, bicycling, public transit, etc.) more feasible. Yet, there are very few studies that conduct a comprehensive energy and environmental life-cycle measure of residential mobility in different urban patterns, in terms of location, travel behavior, accessibility, etc. The research outlined in the paper conducts a life-cycle assessment (LCA) of residential mobility within three urban scenarios in Chicago: Chicago Loop as a high dense downtown district, Oak Park as a less dense suburb close to the downtown, and Aurora as a much less dense suburb far away from the downtown. In these three cases the research quantifies and compares the life-cycle energy in resident travel through different modes of transport such as automobile, bus, CTA train, and Metra, including such LCA components as vehicle manufacturing & maintenance, vehicle operation, infrastructure construction & operation, etc. The study proves the denser area with shorter commuter distance consumes less life-cycle energy of residential mobility. Due to the complexity of residential mobility, the metropolitan region could be the best geographic scale for transportation LCA integration, and LCA can and should be used as a valuable guiding framework for novel mitigation strategies. Based on the case studies in Chicago Metropolitan area, the paper provides an alternative perspective for policy and decision makers to incorporate life-cycle thinking into planning.


Capital Asset Pricing Model, as one of the basic theories in finance and investment area, developed a model for estimation of expected rate of return and equity cost of capital. This model has many applications in the field of finance. Investors consider to various factors to choose and buy stocks. One of the most important factors is liquidity. The liquidity refers to the exchange and transaction ability of a stock as soon as possible. Liquidity is fairly a new subject of study in financial management field. The first quantitative and testable regard to liquidity was by Amihud and Mendelson in 1986. This research modifies return of stock by a new method of Capital Asset Pricing Model named Adjusted Capital Asset Pricing Model, which is considers to liquidity as an effective factor in return calculation.


MDSCs and Tregs play an essential role in the immunosuppressive networks that contribute to tumor‐immune evasion. The mechanisms by which tumors promote the expansion and/or function of these suppressive cells and the cross‐talk between MDSC and Treg remain incompletely defined. Previous reports have suggested that MDSC may contribute to Treg induction in cancer. Herein, we provide evidence that tumor‐induced gr‐MDSCs, endowed with the potential of suppressing conventional T Lc, surprisingly impair TGF‐β1‐mediated generation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ iTregs. Furthermore, gr‐MDSCs impede the proliferation of nTregs without, however, affecting FoxP3 expression. Suppression of iTreg differentiation from naïve CD4+ cells by gr‐MDSC occurs early in the polarization process, requires inhibition of early T cell activation, and depends on ROS and IDO but does not require arginase 1, iNOS, NO, cystine/cysteine depletion, PD‐1 and PD‐L1 signaling, or COX‐2. These findings thus indicate that gr‐MDSCs from TB hosts have the unanticipated ability to restrict immunosuppressive Tregs.


A repair procedure involving a full-thickness skin graft and a separately harvested auricular cartilage graft allow for correction of deep nasal alar defects after Mohs micrographic surgery, results of a study indicate.


I have developed the wave-function version of the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach for the efficient calculation of optical four-wave-mixing signals. As molecular system, I consider a general electron-vibration coupling Hamiltonian. The application of the method is illustrated for model systems with strong electronic inter-state couplings. In particular, I have performed the first computational simulations of two-dimensional electronic spectra for a model system with a conical intersection.


The apparently unrelated phenomena of temperature dependency, carrier removal, and photoluminescence are shown to be influenced by a common factor, the high dislocation density encountered in heteroepitaxial InP solar cells. In temperature dependency, open circuit voltage is the parameter most influenced by dislocations. The degree of carrier removal. due to radiation by 10 MeV protons, increases with increased dislocation density. The assumed introduction of non-radiative recombination centers, by dislocations, is tentatively held responsible for the large decrease observed in the photoluminescence intensity of heteroepitaxial InP cells.<<ETX>>


The 3D finite element gird grid for whole pumped storage power station project area is set up. The seepage analysis shows the potential distribution for seepage field is clear and well. The leakage water flow form upper reservoir basin rack mass to underground powerhouse, and then to the lower river. The leakage has little influence on the hydrogeological conditions in the reservoir area. The anti-seepage and drainage measures is technically reasonable for upper reservoir. The permeability stability for upper and lower reservoir is acceptable. And grouting should be strengthened for the mountain in right dam shoulder should, if necessary according to geological conditions.


Until recently the sources of electromagnetic waves in the radio and γ-ray bands were much more monochromatic than optical sources. The advent of stable lasers with frequency reproducibility ~1014 has uncovered new possibilities of performing experiments of interest in physics. To illustrate these possibilities, results are cited of the measurements of the quadratic Doppler effect in a gas, the magnetic hyperfine structure of a vibrational-rotational transition of methane, and the recoil effect. A number of experiments that lasers will make possible in the near future are discussed, namely, high-accuracy measurements of the Rydberg constant using two-photon absorption, measurement of the quadratic Doppler shift, measurements of the gravitational frequency shift of the earth's field, and the possibility of observing parity nonconservation in atomic transitions.


Spandrel panels are usually applied in curtain wall buildings for concealing the back side or keeping the design concepts. These are invisible parts where insulation is installed and then windows are attached on as finishing materials. The intermediate sp


Our previous studies have demonstrated that the 3D SIFs of a pressurized cylinder can be greatly affected by many factors. While an autofrettage process may introduce favorable residual stresses at the bore of the cylinder, other factors such as erosions and cracks, once introduced, may greatly reduce the effectiveness of the autofrettage results. In this study, we focus on how the non-circularity of cracks affects the 3D SIFs for a cylinder that contains finite erosions while keeping other conditions and material properties unchanged. Numerical analysis was performed using ANSYS, a standard commercially available finite element package. The residual stress due to any autofrettage process was simulated using the equivalent thermal loading. A closer look was given to problems with different crack configurations and how non-circularity of cracks affects the overall fatigue life of the cylinder when combined with other factors in comparison with circular crack only configurations.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


This paper addresses the analysis and experime ntal investigation of plymer matrix com- posite (PMC) panels utilized for seismic energy dissipation. The concepts rely on introducing con- siderablesheardeformationatstrategicallylocatedlayers.Thelayersatwhichthesheardeformation to take place, referred to here as the interface layers, are composed of a combination of solid visco-- elasticmaterialcombinedwithhoneycombmaterial. Aspartofthisresearch,aseriesofexperiments were performed to quantify the energy dissipation characteristics of the interface layer. The effects ofthickness,loadingrate,andtheratioofthevolumefractionsoftheconstituentmaterialsareinves- tigated. Utilizing the results obtained from material testing, three conceptual panel designs were testedtoassesstheoverallenergydissipationinast ructuralsystem.Resultsobtainedfromtheexper- imental program were used to further verify finite element models that were used to simulate the responseofseveralstructuralsystemsretrofittedwiththeseismicenergydissipatingpanelconcepts. A theree--dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to evaluate the damp- ingeffectiveofaddedPMCpanelwithviscoelasticinterfacelayersintheretrofittingoftheMultidis- ciplinary Center for Earthquake EngineeringResearch (MCEER)demonstration hospitalstructure. An equivalent Kelvin model consisting of an elastic spring and a linear viscous damper combined in parallel is proposed for the PMC panel with viscoe lastic interface layer. Th e retrofitted structure was subjected to MCEER west coast ground motions. Significant increase in the system damping was obtained with the added PMC panel. Both th e modal strain energy method and logarithmic decrement method showed the PMC panel contributed 8% damping to the hospital structure. Time history analysis results showed the peak disp lacement and acceleration responses were reduced a lot and vibration damped out very quickly.


Virtual Prototypes (VPs) have been now widely adopted by industry as platforms for early SW development, HW/SW co-verification, performance analysis and architecture exploration. Yet, rising design complexity, the need to test an increasing amount of software functionality as well as the verification of timing properties pose a growing challenge in the application of VPs. New approaches overcome the accuracy-speed bottleneck of today's virtual prototyping methods. These next-generation VPs are centered around ultra-fast host-compiled software models. Accuracy is obtained by advanced methods, which reconstruct the execution times of the software and model the timing behavior of the operating system, target processor and memory system. It is shown that simulation speed can further be increased by abstract TLM-based communication models and efficient hardware peripheral models. Additionally, an industrial flow for efficient model development is outlined. This support of ultra-fast and accurate HW/SW co-simulation will be a key enabler for successfully developing tomorrow's multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) platforms.


: The Diagnosis of disease is vital and intricate role in medicine. The recognition of heart disease from diverse feature is a multilayered problem that is not free from false assumptions and is frequently accompanied by impulsive effects. A proficient methodology for the extraction of significant patterns from the heart disease warehouse has been presented .Initially the data warehouse is preprocessed in order to make suitable for the mining process. In this research, the potential list of classification and prediction based data mining techniques has been presented. The conditional probability for having heart disease was estimated by Holdout Confusion method and compared with decision tress. The research work demonstrates better accuracy for Naïve Bayes than decision trees. The result of these evaluations shows the overall performance of naïve Bayes method can be applied successfully for predicting the heart attack effectively. The proposed model is implemented on the C Sharp dot net platform. In future, the work can be further expanded with other data mining techniques such as association rules and integrated with text mining.


Micro-ring modulators for use in high-speed telecommunication transceivers designed for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) for 2 μm wavelength operation are described and simulated with comparison to 1.55 μm. Device simulations show improved DC modulation performance due to the free-carrier effect described in the plasma dispersion relations which is stronger for longer wavelengths. WDM applications are described and simulated. Micro-ring modulator devices were designed and fabricated at A*STAR IME and are pending measurement.


Bullying and peer abuses are persistent problems in the educational community. Many studies have been undertaken that focus on the aftermath of bullying or prevention of abuse, but few have focused on social variables and their relationship to bullying and peer abuses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any relationship between an individual's self-reported levels of religiousness and their perspectives on bullying. The study used a correlational design. This design analyzed students who have taken the Olweus bullying scale and a religious commitment survey. The surveys were analyzed using the Stepwise regression model. Understanding the correlation between religiousness and bullying perspectives could help build a knowledge base for all social factors affecting bullying. The model expressing the relationship between females who self-report as bullies and the religious variable of Extrinsic(personal) was found to have a statistically significant relationship.


Abstract Walled towns and cities feature prominently on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. But, while a fundamental guiding principle of the WHS list is that properties are designated for the benefit of all, these historic walled communities can be conceptualized as a particularly 'dissonant' form of heritage where the past is contested or disputed in the present. Many such places have violent histories and have changed political or national allegiance in the past. Moreover, city walls, while outwardly embracing populations, also inevitably serve to exclude or marginalize other social groups. The identities of walled heritage cities are multi-layered and far from static, being susceptible to re-invention. Tensions and contradictions are also apparent in the fact that heritage agencies work in national contexts on the management of sites that are designated as an international resource, and the agendas of these organizations can mean that certain periods or interpretations of the past are prioritized above others. All these factors present considerable challenges to those responsible for conserving and researching heritage sites that are simultaneously living communities. Against this background, the practicalities and politics of designating and delineating historic walled communities as World Heritage Sites are reviewed, as are strategies for managing the archaeological resource. The paper draws on examples of walled communities inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with a particular emphasis on Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Key sites include Acre (Israel), Ávila (Spain), Carcassonne (France), Conwy (United Kingdom), Dubrovnik (Croatia) and Jerusalem.


Pasie Lembang village is located in South Kluet District, which has excellent natural potential and community. In this village there are tourist attractions that are very important to be developed, including the Pasie Lembang beach tourist attraction where there is turtle breeding around it, but the problem that often occurs in tourism management is the absence of the right concept in its development so that it causes it not to develop properly the tourist attractions in the village. The problem at this time is the absence of proper tourism planning in the management of tourist attractions in Pasie Lembang Village. The methodology used in this study is the SWOT analysis method. The results of his research are that the concept of tourism planning in Pasie Lembang Village uses the concept of ecotourism. This concept focuses on aspects of nature conservation, aspects of social and economic empowerment of local communities, as well as aspects of learning and education.   In developing this concept, a SWOT analysis has been carried out which resulted in 7 (seven) strategies – the strategies obtained are applied in tourism development planning in Pasie Lembang Village. The conclusions of this study are:  1) Pasie Lembang Village is located in South Kluet District, which is in accordance with the mandate of the RTRW of South Aceh Regency that the Pasie Lembang area is in a natural and artificial tourism allotment area. 2) Pasie Lembang Village is very suitable for tourism development with the concept of ecotourism which focuses on nature conservation.


The term "integrated population activities" became fashionable at the World Population Conference at Bucharest in 1974 where it was used to refer to national planning that recognizes the integral role of population in development the use of socioeconomic change to solve a nations population problems or the implementation of population activities along with health or agricultural projects. The author argues for a more precise definition of the word "integrated" and the use of different terminology for other types of coordinating activities. "Integrated" is held to be meaningful only when it refers to planning or implementation of population activities by several ministries or to the combination of population activities with related services. Appending "integrated" onto "population activities" as a kind of halo is questioned; "unintegrated" family planning does not deserve a pejorative connotation as in some situations it may be more effective than integrated family planning. (authors modified)


Objective To study the clinical and pathological features of incidental prostatic carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 107 cases with prostatic carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively from January 2000 to March 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: incidental prostatic carcinoma group(n=23) and non-incidental prostatic carcinoma(n=84). Results There were no differences between the two groups in age and pathological tissue types(P0.05). However, incidental prostatic carcinoma might be of smaller size, lower prostate-specific antigen(PSA), stage and grade than non-incidental prostatic carcinoma(P0.05). Conclusion Incidental prostatic carcinoma has low PSA, stage and grade. Pathological examination could contribute to the detection of prostatic carcinoma.


Much attention in the field of research and use
of nanomaterials and nanotechnology has led to the fact that
this area of science has become more relevant. The special
qualities of nanomaterials that provide unique strength,
thermal conductivity, electrical properties, tribotechnical
properties with minimum dimensions and mass of products
have become the goal of many scientists. The main types of
nanomaterials are identified. One of the differences between
nanostructural depositions on the surface is their strength
under static loading and hardness as compared to materials
from ordinary grain sizes. Increased hardness and wear
resistance as a result of deposition of such coatings opens the
prospects of using them in high-speed spindle units.


Abstract: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is presented in this chapter as a potent and novel alternative to conventional solvent extraction processes for isolating bioactive components from algae. SWE is defined as extraction with water at temperatures ranging from boiling point to the critical temperature and at pressures high enough to keep the water in a liquid state throughout the extraction process. Water has many advantages when used as solvent since it is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and some of its physical and chemical properties can be modified by heating. This chapter discusses interesting current applications of this technology as well as the potential of other applications which could be successfully developed under SWE conditions.


This account of a company's struggle to take its product from concept to market reality details how micro moulding techniques can help meet difficult design requirements and create successful products with increased output.


OF PROJECT Giving Technology the Place It Deserves in Creative Problem Solving This project explores the potential for using artificial intelligence (AI) in Creative Problem Solving (CPS) to facilitate a creative process. It invites members from the technology and CPS communities to see the opportunities for AI-augmented creative problem solving, and to join forces to turn those opportunities into reality. To this end the author looks at creativity through a knowledge-centered lens. He proposes a model based on how the human brain makes connections, to enable AI developments that help transform the knowledge residing in a team and/or from external resources into creative solutions. A vision of how AI could be leveraged in specific CPS tools and the facilitation of an unconference session are some of the other outcomes presented.


Entrepreneurship has become one of the globe's most potent forces for transformation and an attractive career path in the space of a few short years. This book is based on interviews with ten pioneering entrepreneurs who carved a new path to establish successful start-ups in Bangalore, the technology capital of India. Ankita Mukhopadhyay finds the book to be a light, accessible read with plenty of lessons for aspiring entrepreneurs in India and beyond.


In order to investigate the effects of alumina and metal ions in plasma discharge, plasma reactors packed with a mixture of BaTiO/sub 3/ pellets and porous Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ pellets (alumina-hybrid reactor), and with a-mixture of BaTiO/sub 3/ pellets and metal-supported Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ pellets (catalyst-hybrid reactor) were examined for oxidation of dilute benzene in air. It was found that the oxidative decomposition of benzene was enhanced by concentrating benzene on the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ pellets and the catalyst pellets. Furthermore, the selectivities to CO/sub 2/ in the alumina-hybrid reactor and the catalyst-hybrid reactors were higher than those in the plasma reactor packed with BaTiO/sub 3/ pellets alone. In particular, the selectivities to CO/sub 2/ in the catalyst-hybrid reactors using Ag, Co, Cu and Ni/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were higher than those from the alumina-hybrid reactor. In addition, the presence of the alumina and catalysts suppressed the formation of N/sub 2/O.


The invention provides a high-performance elastic alloy material for an aerial hyperbaric cabin. The production method of the high-performance elastic alloy material comprises the following steps: (1) vacuum melting; (2) electroslag refining; (3) forging an ingot billet; (4) hot-rolling molding; (5) cold drawing; and (6) performing heat treatment. The high-performance elastic alloy material obtained by the method has high tensile strength up to 160/250(MPa); a wrapping test proves that the alloy material is not ruptured after being wound around not less than 15 circles, which is obviously superior to the national standard; and in the eventthat the alloy material is bent for 90 degrees forwardly and reversely on the same phase plane, the outer side of the bent position is not cracked and ruptured.


Recent experimental cross sections for the reaction /sup 52/Cr(d,2n)/sup 52/Mn/sup g//sup ,//sup m/ are in marked disagreement with the standard statistical-model analysis. We have, therefore, analyzed the data with an approach that emphasizes direct-reaction contribution to the cross section. This is done in two steps. In the first step, the compound-nucleus formation cross section is defined such that only the internal part of the target nucleus is allowed to absorb the deuteron, thus leading to the formation of /sup 54/Mn/sup */. The contribution of the external part is interpreted as going to direct reaction. The calculation of the internal part then proceeds by statistical evaporation of two neutrons to produce /sup 52/Mn. In the second step, the dominant part of the direct reaction, i.e., the deuteron breakup, followed by the capture of the proton, is considered. This quantum mechanical, breakup fusion process forms /sup 53/Mn/sup */, which then evaporates one neutron to produce /sup 52/Mn. The sum of the cross sections from these two processes fits the data quite well. The consistency of this twofold treatment is confirmed by our finding that the total reaction cross section for the deuteron is accounted for by summing the above two fusion crossmore » sections with the additional direct-reaction cross sections that do not contribute to the production of /sup 52/Mn.« less


The external path length of a tree $T$ is the sum of the lengths of the paths from the root to each external node. The maximal path length difference, $\Delta$, is the difference between the lengths of the longest and shortest such paths.
Tight lower and upper bounds are proved on the external path length of binary trees with $N$ external nodes and maximal path length difference $\Delta$ is prescribed.
In particular, an upper bound is given that, for each value of $\Delta$, can be exactly achieved for infinitely many values of $N$. This improves on the previously known upper bound that could only be achieved up to a factor proportional to $N$. An elementary proof of the known upper bound is also presented as a preliminary result.
Moreover, a lower bound is proved that can be exactly achieved for each value of $N$ and $\Delta\leq N/2$.


This article challenges the formulation of the paradox "there is growth, but it arouses no optimism". The author defends the proposition that the existing economic growth does not give rise to optimism because it does not lead to increased level and quality of life among low-income social strata. The macroeconomic indicators of the former are interpreted not only from the viewpoint of the average Bulgarian, but also in view of decile groups income distribution. Searching an answer to the above question, there are formulated 6 hypotheses, the fifth being "the dynamics of social inequality and the loss of social status during the years of transition". It is the most plausible but it has not been defended adequately and is overlooked in the discussions that take place. The present article presents some comments on the these issues.


The nature of the public library is evolving with the continuous rise of new technologies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the current usage of new technologies in the Sheppard Memorial public library system in Pitt County, North Carolina, and evaluate how the library can use Internet-related services and new technologies to improve ties with the community and accommodate the evolving needs of patrons. The study consists of a literature review examining services and technologies used by public libraries and an awareness and usage assessment survey of users of the Sheppard Memorial Library and its branches. The survey assesses how well the library has communicated the Internet-related services and new technologies that it offers to its patrons and how they in turn take advantage of the services offered. By analyzing the data, the research allows for conclusions to be formed on how much patrons are taking advantage of provided technology resources and whether revision is needed on the library's part.


In an interconnected and diverse world, Christians are called to hospitality. Yet this is no easy matter, for welcoming the stranger requires becoming vulnerable. A particular case in Christian hospitality illustrates the point. Hosting a Jewish funeral, a church community elected to cover its sanctuary's cross. While such an action can be seen as scandalous, an act of bad faith, I argue instead that it embodies hospitality—scandalous, indeed, but in a positive sense. On several accounts, this instance of covering the cross opens up new ways of thinking about being Christian in a religiously diverse world.


The impact of degraded nanosized plastics Large amounts of plastics are released into the environment worldwide every year. An estimated 4 to 12 million metric tons (Mt) of plastic waste, generated on land, entered our oceans in 2010 alone. Of the 6300 Mt of plastic, generated in 2015, around 79% of which was collected in the natural environment. The enormous amounts of this release have been identified as an important concern for some time and is recognized as an important pollution related issue. It is well known that plastics are ending up in the guts of animals and plastic debris have been found in all major ocean watersheds. As a result of these growing issues, the concerns of the released plastic's impact on nature and the aquatic life have grown. Only recently have studies about the impact of nanoplastics been presented, as opposed to the more researched field of microplastics. Nanosized plastic may pose a more severe danger to aquatic life than micro sized plastic. Consequential of their small size, they can travel through food webs and even make tissue penetration and accumulation in organs possible. Due to this narrow knowledge of nanoplastics we decided to construct a study of the degradation of different plastics, latex and silicone from pacifiers, water bottle and ICA shopping bag, and its impact on animals, using Daphnia magna. The degradation techniques that we used was mechanical, heat and UVB-light. These three approaches were chosen to mimic the degradation occurring naturally. As in boiling pacifiers, as the plastic continuously move by wind and waves, and scraped over rocks and sand, and as plastic laying around in nature getting exposed to UV-light. From our results, we can state that there are nanoparticles produced using mechanical force and to some extent heat. Degrading by UVB-light did not result in any produced nanosized particles. The biological test did not show any different results between the plastic tests and the controls for the three plastics except the ICA shopping bag. The Daphnia fed with ICA shopping bag survived for a tremendously longer time. The degradation of the plastics was done mechanically by using an immersion blender, breaking down by boiling the plastics and lastly by exposing them to UVB-light. To characterize the produces material four different methods were applied. We performed nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to determine size and concentration. To determine surface charge Zeta potential measurements were performed. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was executed to study the chemical composition of the nanoparticles. Finally, to characterize size further, and morphology, the blended plastic samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study has opened up for multiple new questions. What will happen with other plastics? What other degradation processes can happen in the environment? What is the reason for the Daphnia to survive only on the ICA shopping bag? Hopefully, these questions will be answered soon. Plastics may be a huge problem now, we can only hope the future will be brighter with less plastic and clean oceans. For us, for the wildlife and for the planet. Final paper for bachelor's degree in Molecular biology 30 hp 2019 Biological institution, Lund university Supervisors: Martin Lundqvist, Mikael Ekvall and Tommy Cedervall Biochemistry Lund university (Less)


Nonparametric inference for point processes is discussed by way of histograms, which provide a nice tool for the analysis of on-line data. The construction of histograms depends on a sequence of partitions, which we take tc be nonenibedded to allow partitions with sets of equal measure. This presents some theoretical problems, which are addressed with an assumption on the decomposition of second order moments. In another direction, we drop the usual independence assumption on the sample, replacing it by a strong mixing assumption. Under this setting, we study the convergence of the histogram in probability, which depends on approximation conditions between the distributions of random pairs and the product of their marginal distributions, and^almost completely, which is based on the decomposition of the second order moments. This last convergence is stated on two versions according to the assumption of Laplace transforms or the Cramer moment conditions. These are somewhat stronger, but enable us to recover the usual condition on the decrease rate of sets on each partition. In the final section we prove that the finite dimensional distributions converge in distribution to a Gaussian centered vector with a specified covariance.


A highly flexible solid-state micro-supercapacitor based on a pen ink-carbon-fiber (Ink-CF) thread structure was fabricated with excellent electrochemical performance such as a high capacitance of 4.31 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 3.8 × 10−7 W h cm−2 at a power density of 5.6 × 10−6 W cm−2. This fabricated structure shows excellent characteristics such as lightweight, small volume, flexibility and portability. By integrating it with a triboelectric nanogenarator, the micro-supercapacitors could be charged and power 8 commercial LEDs, demonstrating its feasibility as an efficient storage component for self-powered micro/nanosystems.


Abstract. The Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) is a 35-item parent-reported questionnaire designed to assess the quality of the coparental relationship. It was designed in the United States and...


Peculiarities of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with nanometer metal-semiconductor structures have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Method for nondestructive multiparameter check of electrophysical parameters of nanometer metal-semiconductor structures using frequency dependence of reflectance and transmittance had been proposed and implemented experimentally.


The effect of light fraction organic matter(LFOM) on nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) mineralization in the sediments of Taihu Lake was investigated under continuously water-logged incubation.The sediments from Yuantouzhu(Y) and Gonghu(G) at different pollution levels were used.The results showed that the effect of LFOM removal on N and P mineralization of different trophic sediments was similar.At the early stage,the amounts of N and P mineralization increased quickly,but later the extent decreased;after reaching the peak values,the amounts decreased to the lowest at 42 d and then stayed minimum until the end of the incubation.During 77 day anaerobic incubation,the results showed that 24%-39% of TN and 7%-26% of TP of the studied sediments were mineralized.The amounts and rates of N and P mineralization from the heavily polluted sediment Y were higher than those of sediment G,in which the amounts and rates decreased after removal of the LFOM.In sediment Y,the amounts of N and P mineralized decreased 110.86(mg/kg)(amounts to 15%) and 145.26(mg/kg)(74%),respectively;in sediment G,the amounts decreased were 195.13(mg/kg)(40%) and 29.99(mg/kg)(50%),respectively.After the LFOM removal,the average mineralization rates of N and P decreased 3.01(mg/(kg·d)) and 5.36(mg/(kg·d)) for sediment Y,and 6.35(mg/(kg·d)) and 1.30(mg/(kg·d)) for sediment G,respectively.


Tumor‐derived tissue factor (TF) activates coagulation in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer. Here, we further characterized tumor‐derived TF in this model.


In this paper, an improved power quality converter is presented for harmonic mitigation in SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) for telecom power applications with reduced kVA rating. The proposed ac-dc converter is found capable of suppressing less than 23rd harmonic in the supply current along with the power factor improvement close to unity in the wide operating range. The effect of load variation on the SMPS is studied to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the improved converter.


I N THIS PAPER I shall argue that a basic form of separation of powers in fourth-century Athenian democracy 1 consists in a separation of initiative and decision: a decision-making body of government is not allowed to take an initiative, and, conversely, a body of government empowered to take an initiative is never allowed to make a decision on any important issue. I begin with a short discussion of what a body of government is, and an inventory of the bodies of government to be found in fourth-century Athens. By way of introduction, I shall give a survey of the accepted opinion about the Athenian bodies of government. Leaving aside the Council of the Areopagus, which was in fact a relic of the aristocratic state, all scholars seem to assume a basic four-fold division of the Athenian bodies of government, into the ecciesia, the boule, the archai, and the dicasteria. The problem is never discussed, but historians habitually organize their account of the Athenian political structure into four chapters or sections, each dealing with one of these four agencies. As typical and prominent examples I refer to Busolt-Swoboda, Glotz, Ehrenberg, Gomme, Andrewes, Will, Mosse, and Ernst Meyer.2 There is