A highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-aryl-3-acyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by palladium-catalyzed acyloxyarylation involving dearomatization of benzofurans with arylboronic acids and carboxylic acids occurring under mild conditions has been developed.


The pictures are 130 years old but they are stark and disturbing in their bizarre detail. In a series of vivid illustrations, mechanised Australian juggernauts are depicted rumbling across the battlefield to crush the Mozambique mobile fortresses in a titanic African war. Immense cannons travelling on railway tracks engage huge iron-clad land dreadnoughts in an artillery duel at point-blank range. Australian troops deftly wield their bayonets and electric rifles as they clamber over the human carnage and mechanical wreckage to confront their foe in hand-to-hand battle, supported by covering fire from waves of low-flying armoured dirigibles and giant rapid-firing mobile mortars with multiple rotating barrels.


PurposeWith pay transparency (PT) as an emerging trend in organizations around the world and the European Union promoting open pay regulations, PT is of increasing interest to scientists, managers and policymakers. However, it is still unclear what people think about PT and what theoretical perspectives might explain people's views on transparent pay. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore and systematize opinions about PT and to propose theoretical frameworks to understand different reactions to it.Design/methodology/approachQualitative reflexive thematic analysis of the Internet debate that emerged in Poland in 2019 in response to the proposition of new law regulations aimed to improve PT by introducing obligatory pay ranges in job offers.FindingsThe author's analysis revealed a set of 41 specific and often opposite opinions about PT, which allow for the systematization of hopes and concerns related to PT around the 7 favorable and 6 unfavorable higher-order themes.Social implicationsThe author's results might inform policymakers and managers about the possible risks and benefits of PT implementation. Revealed opposite opinions about PT raise awareness that PT policies, while solving some social problems, might simultaneously create others.Originality/valueThe author provides new insights into opinions that people hold about transparent pay based on real-world data. The author suggests theoretical perspectives for understanding and predicting reactions to PT, such as Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources Theory and Adam`s Equity Theory. Based on this, the authors propose that opposite opinions about PT might be explained by (a) perceived pay dispersion fairness and (b) perceived PT costs-benefits ratio.


In this contribution, we deal with the optimization of the inkjet printing technology process of materials with appropriate electrical properties. The materials tested here were conductive inks based on colloid silver and organic polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)). Subsequently, after optimization of the printing process of various materials, the devices were designed and fabricated to evaluate the electronic properties of printed material inks. To demonstrate the developed technological process, the temperature sensor was designed and fabricated.


Abstract Multi-charge carrier capture by each member of a set of discrete spatially extended domains (macrotraps) is considered as a trapping mechanism responsible for the space charge evolution in the high-concentration regime of the charge introduced to organic crystals. Finite dimension and energy depth limit the number of carriers of the same sign to be captured by such a macrotrap. Due to the Coulombic repulsion within the macrotrap, different discrete energy levels (Ek) are allowed for occupation with increasing number (k = 12, n) of the carriers. These energy levels can be visualized by the cascade-like pattern in the plots illustrating various electronic phenomena related to trapping and detrapping charge carriers. A detailed analysis of two such phenomena is presented: (i) the shortening of the triplet exciton lifetime by thermally-injected electrons as a function of injecting voltage in anthracene, and (ii) the fluorescence quenching by the triplet-exciton injected holes as a function of excitin...


This paper presents a methodology for the analysis of frequency dynamics in large-scale power systems with high level of wind energy penetration by means of a simplified model for DFIG-based wind turbines. In addition, a virtual inertia controller version of the optimized power point tracking (OPPT) method is implemented for this kind of wind turbines, where the maximum power point tracking curve is shifted to drive variations in the active power injection as a function of both the grid frequency deviation and its time derivative. The proposed methodology integrates the model in a primary frequency control scheme to analyze the interaction with the rest of the plants in the power system. It is also proven that, under real wind conditions, the proposed version of the OPPT method allows us to smooth the wind power injected into the grid, thereby reducing frequency fluctuations.


The present article investigates the role of civil society in internal migration control by looking at the exclusion of irregular immigrants within Dutch society. Based on qualitative fieldwork and an inventory of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and their tasks, we have analyzed the bureaucratic field of service provision to irregular immigrants, which is characterized by constant negotiations at different levels. We can safely conclude that even after years of strong exclusionary rhetoric from the part of the national government, civil society still plays an important supportive role with respect to the shelter of irregular immigrants in need. Yet, this does not imply that every irregular immigrant can easily fall back on organizations within civil society. NGOs have to choose who deserves support and who does not. Their consideration and deliberations to some extent mirror the priorities of the national policy, which stresses the importance of return of irregular immigrants to their country of origin.


Recently, Korea Highway Corporation has attemped to improve the highway safety in accordance with minimizing user's imconveniences. Currently, the Anti Skidding Pavement(ASP) has been introduced as a safety countermeasure on the safety frailty sections. In this study, a series of field evaluations on pavement skid resistance have been conducted on the skid frailty sections to analyze the effects and problems of the Anti Skidding Pavement (ASP), and to understand the behavior of pavement skid resistance due to pavement type, section characteristics, vehicles' speed and traffec volume. Test results show the Anti Skidding Pavement (ASP) has the effects to induce vehicles' speed reduction. However, there are no effects to increase skid resistance. According to these results, it is demanded to improve the applying method of current Anti Skidding Pavement (ASP) to devise an effective safety countermeasure for pavement skid, and to increase pavement skid resistance.


With the rapid development of China's economy, people's demand for oil and gas resources is also increasing. In order to ensure the construction quality of Oilfield Surface Engineering and the smooth operation of enterprises in the future, the author analyzed the visual management system of oilfield surface engineering. The method and function of the construction of the oilfield ground engineering management information system are proposed. Studies have shown that the use of new technologies in the information age can achieve scientific management of oilfield engineering surveys, generate huge economic benefits, and ensure the ability of oilfields to continue production.


The present invention relates to a process for the production of an absorbing sanitary article comprising lactic acid producing bacteria. The process comprises dispersion of lactic acid producing bacteria in a carrier, and application of the resulting dispersion of bacteria by continuous or discontinuous gentle feeding on and/or in at least one component that are to form part of the final article. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an absorbing sanitary article comprising lactic acid producing bacteria dispersed in an essentially hydrophobic carrier. The dispersion of bacteria forms at least one continuous or discontinuous string on and/or in the final sanitary article.


Abstract Using X-ray techniques, the orientation distributions of crystal planes in laboratory prepared and naturally occurring aggregates were measured. A small specimen was mounted on the axis of a goniometer and the diffracted intensity measured as the specimen was rotated. Mo radiation was used to reduce the absorption effects. A mathematical relation between the distribution of particles and the distribution of crystal planes was derived for platy and fibrous particles in flake-like and rod-shaped specimens. When diffracted intensities of the 001 reflection of several different kaolinites were corrected for the degree of orientation in the respective specimens, a constant value was obtained. This would enable quantitative diffraction analyses to be made without the large errors that can be introduced by orientation effects. The degree of particle orientation achieved appeared to be more dependent on particle morphology than on the method of sample preparation or formation.


The emerging seaweed farming industry in the country is all set to get a major boost, with a premier fisheries research institute transferring its technology of seaweed cultivation to Andaman Nicobar Islands.

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) today said it has provided scientific inputs on methods of seaweed farming suitable to the Andaman Nicobar Islands, as a part of the institute's initiative for intensifying its consultancy services.


ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to apply the Bayesian estimation methodology for producing 'Korean Standard –Quality Excellence Index' model and prove the effectiveness of the new approach based on survey data by comparing the current index with the new index produced by Bayesian estimation method.Methods: The 'Korean Standard –Quality Excellence Index' was produced through the collected survey data by Bayesian estimation method and comparing the deviation with two results for confirming the effectiveness of suggested application.Results: The statistical analysis result shows that suggested estimator, that is, empirical Bayes estimator improves the effectiveness of the index with regard to reduce the error under specific loss function, which is suggested for checking the goodness of fit.Conclusion: Considering the Bayesian techniques such as empirical Bayes estimator for producing the quality excellence index reduces the error for estimating the parameter of interest and furthermore various Bayesian perspective approaches seems to be meaningful for producing the corresponding index.Key Words: Korean Standard-Quality Excellence Index, Customer Satisfaction, Bayesian Estimation, Empirical Bayes Estimator


Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of the pulmonary system. This nonfunctioning cystic or solid mass is asymptomatic unless infected. Patients primarily present with pulmonary symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, and fever due to recurrent pulmonary infections. We report herein the case of a young woman who presented with recurrent left upper abdominal pain and was diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography as intralobar pulmonary sequestration.


Although there have been a lot of researches about the drivers of tribofilm growth in recent years, people still argue about the real mechanism of tribofilm formation. In engineering field, plenty of mechanical components are operating under mixed lubricating condition. Therefore, it makes sense to study how tribofilm will form under mixed lubrication, which can provide further analysis on how ZDDP (Zinc dialkyl- and diaryldithiophosphates) would act as an antiwear additive to influence lubricating behavior. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate tribofilm formation process under mixed lubrication condition, considering influences of temperature and stress. In view of real surface roughness at each simulation step, the tribofilm morphology is obtained, as well as a series of lubricating parameters to study the mutual impacts between tribofilm formation and lubrication performance. It can be concluded that with the growth of tribofilm, lubricating performance will decrease to some extent, especially for low entrainment speed conditions, correlating with a noticeable shift in the Stribeck friction curve towards higher entrainment speed. Using the model developed in this paper, the assumption that tribofilm as a solid film can increase surface roughness to block the flow of lubricating fluid is evidently supported.


In this the last story of Dubliners the characters, the living and the dead, are presented with a gentle indulgence and sympathy. Despite the sympathy in which the characters are presented, it seem ...


New generations of high speed processors are requiring more power. Consequently, in order to cope with the high amount of switching currents, efficient decoupling of power planes has become critical for both signal integrity (SI) and EMC. In this paper, an investigation has been conducted to find out the effects of decoupling capacitors on SI. A procedure for optimization of the decoupling capacitors based on the fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies has been illustrated. The optimized decoupling strategy was then implemented on a dual processor board and was measured on a network analyzer. The authors have examined the effect of the decoupling strategy on SI.


In this paper, we investigate amplitude-based speech enhancement for asynchronous distributed recording. In an ad-hoc microphone array context, it is supposed that different asynchronous devices record speech. As a result, the phase information is unreliable due to sampling frequency mismatch. For speech enhancement based on the amplitude information instead of the phase information, supervised nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is introduced in the time-channel domain. The basis vectors, which represents the gain of the transfer function from a source to each microphone, are trained in advance by using single source observation. The experimental evaluations show that this approach is well robust against the sampling frequency mismatch.


The simple technique for the estimation of dispersed material layer parameters on the porous partition under the gas filtration through the agglomerated particles layers is represented. The increasing of different materials density and layer porosity are analyzed.


There is widespread agreement that 'more' is not always better in health care. Doing 'more' can harm patients, generate excess costs, and defy patient preferences. All are major threats to the delivery of high quality health care. Reflecting this notion, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) National Roundtable on Health Care Quality coined the term 'overuse' in 1998,1 adapting the definition of an 'inappropriate' service developed for the RAND Appropriateness Method in the 1980s.2 Overuse was defined as "a health care service [that] is provided under circumstances in which its potential for harm exceeds the possible benefit."1

Initiatives to address overuse of medical services3 will be crucial in reducing total health care spending and iatrogenic harms.4 But recent initiatives also illustrate a potential obstacle – what is meant by overuse may be conceptually vague. In 2008, the National Priorities Partnership identified eliminating overuse as a national priority, describing it as "unscientific," "redundant," and "excessive" care.3 The American College of Physicians identified examples of overused screening and diagnostic tests that "clinicians often use in a manner that does not reflect high-value, cost-conscious care and does not adhere to currently available clinical guidelines."5

The American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign provides yet another description of overuse and helps to demonstrate the potential consequences of this ambiguity. The campaign is intended to help physicians and patients choose care that is "supported by evidence, not duplicative of other tests or procedures already received, free from harm [to patients], [and] truly necessary."6 But the diversity of scenarios identified is substantially broader than this description.

Three scenarios in Choosing Wisely differ strikingly in their underlying premise of what constitutes overuse: 'do not repeat colorectal cancer screening for 10 years after a high-quality colonoscopy is negative in average-risk individuals,' 'don't use DEXA screening for osteoporosis in women younger than 65 or men younger than 70 with no risk factors,' and 'don't initiate chronic dialysis without ensuring a shared decision-making process between patients, their families, and their physicians.'6 For too frequent colorectal cancer screening, potential for harm (e.g., perforation of the colon) outweighs the benefit. Although in theory any health care intervention can cause 'harm,' DEXA screening for low-risk groups would not have a measureable effect on quality of life or mortality. Rather, the low likelihood of meaningful benefit is associated with the high costs of DEXA screening (estimated $70 per scan, totaling $527 million per year in the United States for women under age 657). The reasons not to initiate chronic dialysis without shared decision-making are more complex than merely avoiding the initiation of a service expected to do more harm than good. Rather, integrating individual preferences and goals into clinical decisions can help to avoid the provision of undesired care.8

Among these and other examples, no clear conceptual pattern emerges. Rather, the lists are a loose collection of services joined only by the broad notion that they should not be delivered, at least in some contexts. In our view, this lack of conceptual backbone will impede the acceptance of these initiatives by physicians. Absent a clearer conceptual framework, it will be difficult to answer key questions. For example, what types of services should next be included on a list? How should a potential area of overuse be identified a priori? How should a culture that encourages overuse or fails to discourage it be mended?

A conceptual framework contemplating different dimensions of overuse might help. The framework we propose has three categories: the tradeoff between benefits and harms, the tradeoff between benefits and costs, and consideration of patient preferences. Examples of overuse can be found in each category. Making the categories explicit can help clarify the reasons to diminish a service's use, and help those who develop and use the recommendations to make sense of seemingly disjointed issues within and across initiatives.


The solutions of trigonometric Scarf potential, PT/non-PT symmetric and non-Hermitian q-deformed hyperbolic Scarf and Manning–Rosen potentials are obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation. The Nikiforov–Uvarov method is used to obtain the real energy spectra and corresponding eigenfunctions.


Endophytic bacteria are important microorganisms having potential as biocontrol agents for many pathogens. Until now, the growth of it always uses semi-synthetic or synthetic medium so it was difficult to be used by farmers in the field and it was expensive to have its propagation as biocontrol agents. Based on the problem, this research will study the natural medium as propagation medium of Endophytic bacteria. It had natural ingredients such as soybean, chicken broth, egg, worms, snail, sorghum and they were easy to get by farmers. This study used endophytic bacteria from Solanaceae in Malang- Indonesia. Four isolates of endophytic bacteria were grown in agar and liquid medium with ingredients of corn flour, soybean flour, sorghum flour, snail flour, and worm flour. There is no difference in the incubation period, color, shape, and surface colony. The population in medium with snail flour ingredients at a concentration of 10 7 cfu/ml is the highest and snail flour is the best medium for growing endophytic bacteria.


Starting from the problem of the late start of Castilian genealogical literature compared to other European contexts, this article discusses the relevance of the use of certain historiographic categories, with a strong emphasis on that of «lineage», to account for one of the basic forms of sociability in the nobility of the late Middle Ages. The article echoes the main theoretical discussions in the field, relating them to the issues of orality and the written word. Finally, certain lines of research are proposed, such as the analysis of the concept of lineage in Castilian and other Peninsular sources; how Alfonso X of Castile attempted to capitalize on it politically and socially; or how lineage is conceived of in the texts produced by the Castilian nobility and its milieu in the late Middle Ages


Studi es over the 1 ast years have suggested the involvement of specific cellular genes in the pathogenesis of human, rodent and avi an neop 1 asms. These genes have been identified by their biological activity in transfect i on assays by transferring the neop 1 astic phenotype to recipient cells and/or by homology to the transforming genes of known acutely transforming retroviruses. In the transforming (i .. e. activated} state these genes are designated oncogenes, while in the non-transformi ng ( i. e. i nact i ve) state they are referred to as proto-oncogenes ( for a recent revi ew see Bi shop 1986) Conversi on of the non-transformi ng proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene has been shown to be possible by either qualitative changes and/or quantitative changes of the oncogen~ product. Most of the known oncogenes can be classified into one of 4 major categories: those, like the src, yes, abl, and erb B oncogenes, which code for protern-:tyrosine--kinases; those whose products have GTP-binding activity, like ·the ras-eneogene family; those with structural homology to growtfi factors, like the sis oncogene product; and those oncogenes whose proteTn products are localized in the nucleus, like myc, myb and fos. To contribute to an understanding of the-runct1on of Or1Cogenes, we are using the Xiphophorus fish melanoma


An imaging optical system with a short conjugate length (6.6 mm) was designed and fabricated using a pair of replicated binary micro Fresnel lens arrays. Two aperture arrays were placed between the lens arrays to prevent crosstalk images from adjacent lenses in the array. Our imaging optical system also has an off-axis configuration to eliminate the adverse effects of the zero-diffraction order light that is inevitable with diffractive optical elements. First, binary lens arrays were fabricated on a 0.5 mm thick quartz substrate by sub-micron photolithographic and reactive ion etching techniques, and the imaging optical system was constructed from these quartz binary lens arrays. In reading experiments, that quartz lens imaging optical system exhibited an excellent modulation transfer function value of 73% for an 8 line/mm test pattern. Then, replicated binary lens arrays were fabricated on a 0.5 mm thick polycarbonate substrate by employing a photopolymerization (2P method) replication process from a Ni stamper. This Ni stamper was fabricated by electroplating a quartz lens substrate, which was the original master. Then the replicated lens imaging optical system was constructed and also exhibited a good MTF value in reading experiments.


The invention discloses an electric wheelchair with an emergency call function. The electric wheelchair comprises a chair body, a drive device, a steering device and a brake device; the drive device, the steering device and the brake device are mounted on the chair body. The electric wheelchair further comprises an emergency call device used for emergency calling for help. The emergency call device comprises a start switch used for sending out a call command, a central processing unit used for receiving and sending out the call command and a signal transmitter is used for transmitting the call signal to a far-end server; the start switch is electrically connected with the central processing unit. The central processing unit is electrically connected with the signal transmitter. The signal transmitter is connected with the far-end server, allowing on-site calling for help and transmission of a distress signal to the far-end server.


M The difficulties of attempting to place electronic music in a context of traditional music education are self-evident. The art is simply too new and still too experimental to have established any kind of tradition in its methods or any substantial body of literature that might serve as the basis for a systematic presentation of its aesthetic or its structural principles. At the same time, there are a few shortterm considerations and a great many more long-term ones that suggest themselves as we begin to consider electronic music in relation to the teaching of music in the various schools and departments. I think that, at the least,


Reasoning about synchronization, ordering and con icting memory accesses makes parallel programming di cult, error-prone and hard to test, debug and maintain. Task-parallel programming models such as OpenMP, Cilk and Sequoia o er a more structured way of expressing parallelism than threads, but still require the programmer to manually nd and enforce any ordering or memory dependencies among tasks. Programming models with implicit parallelism such as SvS, OoOJava, or StarSs lift this limitation by automatically inferring parallelism and dependencies, requiring the programmer to describe the memory footprint of each task. Current limitations of these systems require the programmer to restrict task footprints into either whole and isolated program objects, onedimensional array ranges, or static compile-time regions; all producing over-approximations and false dependencies that reduce the available parallelism in the program. This work presents a technique for e cient and accurate block-level dependence analysis for task data ow models. We constructed a runtime system called BDDT to host such a technique, a task-parallel runtime system that dynamically discovers and resolves dependencies among parallel tasks. We bypassed BDDT's limitations by enabling the multi-issuers functionality. BDDT's extended version can provide more parallelism when we encounter applications where a single issuer is saturated. BDDT allows the programmer to specify detailed task footprints on any memory address range or multidimensional array tile. BDDT uses a block-based dependence analysis with arbitrary granularity, making it easier to apply to existing C programs without having to restructure object or array allocation and provides exibility in array layouts and tile dimensions. We evaluated BDDT using a representative set of benchmarks, and we compared it to SMPSs (the equivalent runtime system in StarSs) and OpenMP. We found that BDDT performs comparable to or better than SMPSs and is able to cope with task granularity as much as one order of magnitude ner than SMPSs. Compared to OpenMP, BDDT performs up to 3.9× better for benchmarks that bene t from dynamic dependence analysis. BDDT provides additional data annotations to bypass dependence analysis. Using these annotations, BDDT outperforms OpenMP also in benchmarks where dependence analysis does not discover additional parallelism, thanks to a more e cient implementation of the runtime system. We evaluated BDDT's extended version using Jacobi, and BDDT can produce more performance and more scalability by enabling concurrently more than one issuers.


The traces of emissions from the Fukushima-1 NPP in atmospheric aerosols of the Kola Peninsula near the Barents Sea coast were detected by radiation monitoring stations of the Murmansk Division of the Hydrometeorological Survey MDHMS in the end of March 2011. From the end of March 2011 until April 20, I, Cs, Te, Cs radioisotopes were observed in the atmospheric air. The major role was played by I isotope; its peak concentrations were (140-220)×10−6 Bq/m, and it was recorded for several days (March 30-April 1), then radioactivity decreased. Cs, Te, and Cs isotopes were recorded episodically.


The crystal and molecular structure of 3′-bromomethyl-5′,8-bis(methoxymethyl)-4a′,6,7′-trimethyl-2′-oxo-1′,2′,4a′,9a′-tetrahydrospiro[chroman-2,1′-xanthene], the trimerisation product obtained from 2-bromomethyl-4-methyl-6-methylenecyclohexa-2,4-dienone, an o-quinone methide formed by elimination of hydrogen bromide from 2,6-dibromomethyl-4-methylphenol, was determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystals grown from methanol were triclinic, a= 10.761 (2), b= 12.090(l), c= 10.404(2)A, α= 101.51 (1), β= 97.49(1), γ= 87.28(1)°, space group P. The molecular structure shows that the trimerisation takes place by a twofold Diels–Alder cycloaddition in which two molecules of the original o-quinone methide, acting as heterodienes, add to a third molecule. Of the three remaining bromomethyl groups the two which are attached to an aromatic ring are converted into methoxymethyl groups during recrystallization from methanol.


The FDA has issued a requirement for manufacturers of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) marketed for asthma to conduct controlled clinical trials to assess the safety of a regimen of LABAs plus inhaled corticosteroids as compared with inhaled corticosteroids alone.


read Lacan's The Ethics of Psychoanalysis and come away thinking that Lacan is valorizing or mandating anybody doing whatever he or she wants. Anyone who thinks Lacan is valorizing this form of hedonism— whether or not he has let his eyes go over the sentences and turned the pages—has not read the book. Thus, I do not think this is an interpretation that, in the context of a short comment, one needs explicitly to rule out.


We are exploring the resolution limits of ultrasonic strain imaging techniques by building tissue-mimicking gelatin resolution phantoms with various targets imbedded. Through acquiring scan data with applied compression, we compute the strain and study the visibility and separability of targets with different sizes and separations. Our preliminary results have shown that targets with 4.2 mm in diameter separated by 1.6 mm are easily seen.


This thesis focuses on Lombard Southern Italy during the early middle ages and it analyses the history of political and social conflicts between the eighth and ninth century, taking into account the transformation of Lombard political power and social practices in this area. Starting from the eight-century judicial sources, this work explores political and social competition in the Beneventan region by taking into account its geographical position at the center of the Mediterranean see. Southern Italy was considered as a periphery, and sometimes as a frontier, by both the Carolingian and Byzantine empires, and endured almost a century of Muslims' attempts to conquer the peninsula.


Measurement noises and the singularity in matrix numerical computation bring errors in short term load forecasting.To reduce the influence of noises on initial values,Ensemble prediction in numerical weather prediction is thereafter used in short term load forecasting.In chaotic phase space reconstruction forecasting,level noises with normal distribution are added to the reference vector to form many reference vectors with perturbations.Many forecasting results are respectively given based on the different reference vectors with perturbations to obtain the probabilistic forecasting result.The higher accuracy and probabilistic characteristic are two main advantages rendered by the Ensemble technique of chaotic forecasting.


Palestine, Eretz-Israel, Israel, Terra Santa, The Holy Land, Philistines—all those names have been given to a stretch of land situated on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. This was, and still is, one of the most important pieces of land, which the world has been dealing with during the last two thousand years. The Arab-Israeli conflict, which has run for the last hundred years, is but the last in a series of long struggles, which dictate the history of that area. One of the main issues is the delimitation of Palestine, a process that began about 100 years ago but is far from complete. Understanding this process is the aim of this essay, which will present an historical review and an analytical view concerning the actors involved in the process and an overview dealing with the three eras of boundary making of Israel.


To recruit enough patients to achieve adequate statistical power in clinical research, investigators often rely on financial incentives. The use of these incentives, however, remains controversial as they may cause patients to overlook risks associated with research participation. This concern is amplified in the context of plastic surgery where aesthetic procedures are often more desirable and are not typically covered by public or private insurance plans. Despite this, the ethical debate regarding the use of incentives has largely been absent from plastic surgery journals; therefore, efforts to summarize the existing literature in the context of plastic surgery are necessary. While incentives have the potential to improve sample sizes and promote the recruitment of under-represented patient populations, undue inducement and biased recruitment are possible. At present, there exists a paucity of empirical evidence to substantiate this. Despite this, efforts should be taken by investigators and research ethics boards (REBs) to limit the potential negative impacts of monetary compensation. Investigators should place reasonable limits on the value of incentives as well as select models associated with lower risks of undue influence and enrollment bias. When financial remuneration is offered, additional care should be taken by investigators to ensure participants are adequately informed of the risks associated with research participation. Current best practice recommendations suggest that proposals submitted to REBs justify the incentives used. Information regarding incentives should also be included within study consent forms and communicated to participants as part of the informed consent process.


The current study was carried out on ordinary blackearth (chernozem) in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI "ARC "Donskoy" (2017–2020 agricultural years). The purpose of the work was to identify the effect of autumn and spring sowing periods on grain productivity and quality of the facultative barley variety 'Marusya' according to various forecrops. There has been considered the dynamics of the productivity of the variety 'Marusya' depending on the sowing time when sown after maize for grain and sunflower. There has been established high adaptability of the variety 'Marusya' after nonfallow forecrops. It has formed a high productivity when sown in autumn at various times. There has been found out a positive reaction of the variety to sowing on September 10, 20 and 30, where the maximum productivity when sown after maize for grain was 6.76–6.91 t/ha. When sowing at later time, there was a slight decrease in productivity. When sown in spring, the highest protein percentage in grain was 11.0 and 11.6%. However, due to the highest productivity, the maximum protein yield was when sowing in autumn, up to 0.71 t/ha. The calculation of the economic efficiency of grain production showed that the highest profitability (214.1 and 214.4%) was obtained when the variety 'Marusya' was sown on September 10 and 20 after maize for grain. On average, over the years of study, the maximum conditional net income according to the forecrop, depending on the sowing time, was from 59658 to 84261 rubles/ha when sown in winter and from 48881 to 59170 rubles/ha in spring. The minimum profitability 62.1–75.2% was identified when sown in spring in 10 days after the soil was physically mature.


Should Lord Kelvin's definition of chirality be modified to accommodate concepts associated with the chirality of large random supramolecular structures? Stimulated by a recent article by D. Avnir et al. (Chem. Eur. J.1996, 2, 174), L. D. Barron discusses this question. In their reply D. Avnir et al. further clarify and discuss their original thesis.


The collision dynamics in the H + +H system is considered at low relative velocities within the concept of hidden adiabatic energy crossings in the complex plane of internuclear distance. Detailed information is provided on the topology of all series of hidden crossings in this system which are involved in the transitions between the states with principal quantum numbers n≤4 and in the promotion of these states into the continuum


We have recently demonstrated that dynein‐mediated autophagosome (AP) trafficking contributes to the formation of autophagolysosomes (APLs) and autophagic flux process in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs). It remains unknown how the function of dynein as a motor protein for AP trafficking is regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. The present study tested a hypothesis that the dynein‐mediated autophagy maturation is regulated by a redox signaling mechanism associated with NADPH oxidase. First, we showed that in primary cultures of CAMs reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H2O2 and O2‐. generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) significantly increased APs as shown by largely increased level of LC3B, an AP marker. It was also found that ROS dramatically increased the number of APLs in CAMs as shown by flow cytometic analysis of APLs using acridine orange. Furthermore, fluorescent confocal microscopy demonstrated that both ROS increased the fusion of APs with lysosomes in CAMs as detected by increased colocalization of LC3B with lysosome marker Lamp1. All these changes in APs formation and autophagic flux were also enhanced by overexpression of NADPH oxidase‐1 (Nox1) gene in CAMs after cDNA transfection. Mechanistically, we found that enhanced autophagic flux by ROS was associated with activation of the motor protein‐dynein, which increased APs movement in CAMs. This ROS‐induced APs movement was abolished by either inhibition of dynein activity with EHNA or disruption of the dynein complex. Lastly, another stimulus, high glucose, was used to increase the APLs formation in CAMs, which was abolished by either Nox1 inhibitor, ML117 or dynein inhibitor, EHNA. Taken together, these data suggest that ROS increases autophagic flux through enhanced dynein‐dependent APs trafficking in CAMs.


Perception and action are inherently entangled: our world view is shaped by how we explore and navigate our environment through complex and variable self-motion. Even when fixating on a stable stimulus, our eyes undergo small, involuntary movements. Fixational eye movements (FEM) render a stable world jittery on our retinae, which contributes noise to neural coding. Yet, empirical evidence suggests that FEM help rather than harm human perception of fine detail. Here, we elucidate this paradox by uncovering under which conditions FEM improve or impair retinal coding and human acuity. We combine theory and experiment: model accuracy is directly compared to that of healthy human subjects in a visual acuity task. Acuity is modeled by applying an ideal Bayesian classifier to simulations of retinal spiking activity in the presence of FEM. In addition, empirical FEM are monitored using high-resolution eye-tracking by an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. While FEM introduce noise, they also effectively pre-process visual inputs to facilitate retinal information encoding. Based on an interplay of these mechanisms, our model predicts a relation between visual acuity, FEM amplitude, and single-trial stimulus size that quantitatively accounts for experimental observations and captures the beneficial effect of FEM. Moreover, we observe that human subjects' FEM statistics vary with stimulus size, and our model suggests that changing eye motion amplitude, as the subjects indeed do, enhances acuity as compared to maintaining eye motion size constant. Overall, our findings indicate that perception benefits from action even at the fine and noise-dominated spatio-temporal scale of FEM. Significance Statement Perception is inherently active: we need to move our eyes to see the world around us. Yet our eyes also undergo tiny, unconscious movements that can blur out fine visual details. Paradoxically, previous work suggested that these small movements aid fine detail perception. Here, we investigate this paradox to uncover in which contexts small eye movements help or harm visual acuity. Comparing a model of retinal responses with recordings of human visual acuity, we elucidate the mechanisms by which and conditions in which small eye movements support fine detail discrimination. Our results also suggest that varying eye movement amplitude according to stimulus size enhances retinal coding, highlighting that perception is active even at the level of very fine eye movements.


T here are few areas in medicine that have gained as much prominence as quickly, or have been as widely dismissed as quickly, as catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Hypertension is a global public health concern affecting 20% to 30% of the world's population despite advances in medical treatment and patient education (1). Of these cases, it is estimated that 10% have resistant hypertension—defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 140 mm Hg despite adherence to at least 3 antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at maximally tolerated doses. Furthermore, it has been shown that more than 50% of patients with resistant hypertension are nonadherent to their medications (2). Given the aging population and the concurrent obesity epidemic, the prevalence of hypertension is only expected to increase worldwide. The concept of interfering with the sympathetic nervous system to treat essential hypertension has been around for more than 75 years (3–5). In addition to a nonrandomized surgical series in the 1960s (4), RDN emerged as a possible treatment strategy based on: 1) pre-clinical studies demonstrating a pathological role for increased sympathetic tone in animal models of hypertension (6); 2) early clinical studies demonstrating elevated sympathetic tone in patients with hypertension (7); and 3) interventional clinical


Arabian writers recognize two great periods in the history of their country: The pre-Islamic period, or that of ignorance, and the Islamic period, dating from the time of Mohammed. During the pre-Islamic period 1 the Arabian tribe was a politico-religious and civil community based on the same pattern as the ancient gens romana, and patronage and clientele are developed to a very great extent; civil relationship united them, and the clients formed an integral part of the family of the patron. The chiefs of the tribe, or the chiefs


This paper presents a photonic technique for instantaneous frequency measuring of microwave radio signals based on the formation of two-frequency laser radiation in Mach-Zehnder amplitude modulator with suppressed carrier and different frequency equal to the measuring, and its sequent "frequency-amplitude" transformation in the fiber Bragg grating with phase p-shift. In order to reduce the temperature dependence of the measurement error the monitoring contour of system elements (laser, modulator, grating) temperature was organized based on the evaluation of envelope parameters modifying of the two-frequency radiation, probing the transparent window of Bragg grating on a special distinguished different frequency. Defining of the system elements parameters deviations from the ideal is achieved by the measuring of beating envelope modulation index of signal pair passed through the transparency window of Bragg grating, and by the determination of sign of the difference between the phases of the beating envelope of generated signal pair that do not pass through the window and the beating envelope of signal pair held there through. The value of deviation is determined by the first parameter, its direction – by the second. In an ideal setting the first parameter is equal to unity, and the second – to zero.


Pyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is found in water systems worldwide. It is harmful to living organisms, even when taken in very small amounts. The photocatalytic degradation of pyrene in porous Pt/TiO2–SiO2 photocatalyst (PPtPC) suspension under UV irradiation was investigated in this study. PPtPC was prepared by a simple heat treatment of the compacted powder mixtures of anatase TiO2 and amorphous SiO2 with camphor as a pore directing template, followed by coating platinum by the dip-coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an integrated energy-dispersive analysis of the X-ray (EDX) system, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were used to characterize PPtPC. The degradation kinetics of pyrene in different experimental conditions, such as initial concentration of pyrene, oxygen concentrations, pH, and temperature, were investigated. The durability of PPtPC was also tested. The results indicate that the structure of TiO2 in PPtPC is anatase. The aggregated size of PPtPC is in the range of 10–100 μm, the mean pore diameter is 3 nm, and the BET surface area is 109 m2 g-1. The photocatalytic degradation process of pyrene follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rate constants increase as the initial concentration of pyrene and pH decrease. Higher temperature slightly enhances the rate constant. The dissolved oxygen in the photocatalytic degradation process is not as important as in the photolysis process. The recovered PPtPC still shows high photoactivity. This work suggests that PPtPC offers a promising method for high molecular weight PAH removal.


[Objective] The research aimed to diagnose of diseased young rabbit from one farm.[Method] The liver and dejecta of the diseased young rabbit were observed after anatomizing by smear examination and the pathological changes were analyzed by using routine paraffin section.[Result] The anatomizing results showed that the liver of young rabbit was enlarged and yellow-white tubercules were seen in the surface and section.And yellowish green purulent secretions or cheese substances were filled in the tubercules.The oocysts,macrogametocyte and microgametocyte of Eimeria Tenella were found in the smear of liver,but its oocysts were not found in the fecal.The histopathological examination showed that the structure of liver was destroyed and biliary epithelia hypertrophied.The oocysts,macrogametocyte and microgametocyte of Eimeria Tenella in different growth stages were seen in the biliary epithelia.[Conclusion] The cause of detected young rabbits was diagnosis as Steinmann Eimeria coccidiosis.


Early eukaryotes are preserved in the rock record most commonly as organic-walled microfossils (OWM). Single-celled eukaryotic fossils first appeared ~1.65 Ga and diversified into crown-group lineages during the Neoproterozoic, but little is known about their metabolisms, biological affinities, and habitats, whether they were restricted to oxygenated surface waters or lived throughout the water column, including in anoxic ferruginous bottom waters prevalent in Proterozoic oceans. This information is critical to understand if and how different environmental conditions, e.g. stepwise ocean oxygenation during the Neoproterozoic, impacted eukaryotic evolution. We analyzed C-isotopic composition of individual Proterozoic OWM, from shales of the Paleoproterozoic Changcheng Group, China, and the Tonian Chuar Group, USA, using nano-EA-IRMS with the goal of acquiring insight into their palaeoecology, and the assumption that surface waters would contain heavier δ 13 C values due to export of respired light-C to depth. We analyzed >200 microfossils including cell aggregates and filaments that were likely components of benthic microbial mats, and OWM with diagnostic eukaryotic morphology (ornamented and envelope-bearing cells). In the Chuar Group, OWM show a wide spread of δ 13 C values per sample (-35.8 to -12.8‰, average -24‰), presumably incorporating carbon from heterogeneous sources. Depleted values of mat-building prokaryotes (-33 to -25‰), are lighter than bulkrock δ 13 C org from the same samples by 5–16‰, consistent with utilization of 13 C-depleted C-sources


N-(1-Benzotriazol-1-ylalkyl)amides 2, easily prepared from an amide and an aldehyde with benzotriazole, react smoothly with CH acids under mild conditions to give the α-amidoalkylation products in good yields. Benzotriazole aminals also react with CH acids in the presence of methyl iodide


Abstract : The Conceptual model of bed 'armoring' employed in the IALLUVIAL numerical model for simulation of bed evolution in alluvial rivers has been critically assessed and refined. The approach involves use of the bed surface covered by immobile particles as a correction factor for reducing theoretical sediment transport capacity, reducing theoretical dune heights, and allocating energy losses between bed form resistance and surface roughness resistance. Computation of the armoring factor takes into account persistence in time, moving dune effects, and the stochastic nature of incipient particle motion. The report includes a review of current literature on armoring, describes the implementation of various armoring procedures in the IALLUVIAL computer program, and presents detailed results and analyses of all test performed, including several on the Missouri River between Omaha and Sioux City. Originator-supplied descriptors include: Sediment transport and Computational hydraulics.


Volcanic accretion at the fast-spreading East
Pacific Rise (EPR) occurs over a ~2-4 km wide neo-volcanic zone on
either side of the axial summit trough (AST). Eruption ages are
critical for understanding the distribution and timing of volcanic
and magmatic activity. Uranium series nuclides are susceptible to
fractionation by magmatic processes that occur beneath mid-ocean
ridges, and the half-lives of 22 6Ra (1.6 kyrs) and 23Th (75 kyrs)
make them ideally suited for determining eruption ages and placing
constraints on eruption frequency and temporal changes in magma
chemistry. Accordingly, major and trace element, and long-lived
radiogenic and 2 8 U-2 Th-226Ra isotope compositions were measured
in basalts from 9'-10 N EPR to determine eruption ages and to place
temporal constraints on volcanic and magmatic processes. At 9030'N
EPR, 238U-2 Th-2 26Ra compositions indicate that trace elementally
and isotopically enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) collected
off-axis erupted >8 ka and that E-MORB magmatism is interspersed
with normal, depleted MORB magmatism. Lava ages are consistent with
eruption from the AST and flow down the ridge flanks, which is in
contrast to previous studies that suggested E-MORB erupted from
off-axis vents. At 9'50'N EPR, discrete eruptive units are
distinguished by high precision 238U, 32 Th, and 226Ra sample
concentrations, but because the resolution of the "2 Th-226Ra model
age dating technique is ~±1 kyrs, the surprisingly young ages of
these lavas prohibit the construction of an explicit,
time-constrained lava stratigraphy. Nonetheless, seven different
flows identified within 0.8-2.0 km west of the AST imply greater
frequency of flows to these distances than previously recognized.
Model age dating of ferrobasalts, basaltic andesites, andesites,
and dacites sampled from the east limb of the overlapping spreading
center at 9'03'N EPR is difficult due to uncertainties in magma
residence times. However, (22 6Ra/23 Th) disequilibria indicate
recent basaltic volcanism (<<8 ka) up to -4 km off-axis. The
axial graben at the rise crest sources the most recent volcanic
activity and is the dominant location for eruption of high-silica
magmas. Major element, trace element, 87Sr/86Sr, and (3 4U/238U)
isotope compositions are consistent with the formation of dacite
magmas by extensive crystallization, and 238U-2Fh-226 Ra
systematics imply crustal residence times of -8
kyrs.


Simple Summary The lung is the most frequent site of distant melanoma metastases. Metastases of melanoma in the lungs offer a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of below 10%. Hyperthermic therapies including modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) in clinical settings have been used to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy of tumors. In this study, we focused primarily on the optimization of mEHT for targeted lung treatment of mice lungs burdened with B16F10 melanoma pulmonary metastases, with a particular focus on elucidating the mechanism of action of mEHT on treated melanoma cells while investigating any potential treatment-related side effects on normal lung tissue. mEHT showed evidence of significant anti-tumor effects as demonstrated by the reduced number of pulmonary metastatic nodules, DNA damage response, downregulation of Ki67 expression, higher immune cell infiltration, and upregulation of p21waf1 expression in mEHT-treated tumors. Abstract Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a novel complementary therapy in oncology which is based on the higher conductivity and permittivity of cancerous tissues due to their enhanced glycolytic activity and ionic content compared to healthy normal tissues. We aimed to evaluate the potential of mEHT, inducing local hyperthermia, in the treatment of pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Our primary objective was the optimization of mEHT for targeted lung treatment as well as to identify the mechanism of its potential anti-tumor effect in the B16F10 mouse melanoma pulmonary metastases model while investigating the potential treatment-related side effects of mEHT on normal lung tissue. Repeated treatment of tumor-bearing lungs with mEHT induced significant anti-tumor effects as demonstrated by the lower number of tumor nodules and the downregulation of Ki67 expression in treated tumor cells. mEHT treatment provoked significant DNA double-strand breaks indicated by the increased expression of phosphorylated H2AX protein in treated tumors, although treatment-induced elevation of cleaved/activated caspase-3 expression was insignificant, suggesting the minimal role of apoptosis in this process. The mEHT-related significant increase in p21waf1 positive tumor cells suggested that p21waf1-mediated cell cycle arrest plays an important role in the anti-tumor effect of mEHT on melanoma metastases. Significantly increased CD3+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and F4/80+CD11b+ macrophage density in the whole lung and tumor of treated animals emphasizes the mobilizing capability of mEHT on immune cells. In conclusion, mEHT can reduce the growth potential of melanoma, thus offering itself as a complementary therapeutic option to chemo- and/or radiotherapy.


The negotiations to create the U.N. Human Rights Council provided the Chinese government with opportunities to influence the design of the new body. China was unable to gain the necessary support to restrict the introduction of country-specific resolutions, but it received much support elsewhere without needing to use either coercion or inducement.


This paper introduces the principle of Domain Name System firstly; after analyzing the hidden security problem in current DNS, this paper gives the up-to-date IETF security extensions for DNS and its realization mechanisms.


This communication presents an analysis of the design and fabrication of power-efficient, low cost VCSEL-based optical transceiver proposed for emerging fiber data distributed interface (FDDI) and fiber channel local-area network (FCLAN's). This transceiver has been designed to meet the increasing amount of information transmitted through communication networks. VCSEL devices operating at low temperature display decrease jitter, increase output power and enhance lifetime. Also, temperature gradient on large opto-electronic (OE) device arrays generates performance non-uniformities and lowers the bit-error-rate (BER) of the optical links. In addition, lowering the power consumption of optical transceivers contributes to the overall reduction of the system power budget.


A free-ranging population of adders (Vipera berus) was studied from 1987 to 1993 in a prealpine area of western Switzerland situated at about 1400-1600 m a.s.l. Adders of two chromatic morphs (melanistic and zig-zag) are found in this locality. Body sizes of melanistic specimens (including both males and females) significantly exceeded those of zig-zag (cryptic) ones, and fecundity was higher in black than in cryptically coloured females. The existence of a dwarf mountainous "ecotype" in this alpine region is suggested. The frequency of melanism was higher in females.


A machine-learning algorithm based on the natural immune system metaphor has been developed, AINE (Artificial Immune Network). AINE developed from initial work on Artificial Immune Systems for data analysis, for which detailed experimentation was undertaken as to the affect of altering algorithm parameters had on the behaviour of the system. Two of the parameters, the network affinity threshold and mutation rate have been carried over into the new version, AINE. A third parameter the number of resources has been introduced into AINE as a means by which to control network size and create a stable network structure. This paper provides details of experiments, which alter these three parameters in AINE. It was expected that the two parameters taken from the AIS would, when altered, exhibit the same behaviour in AINE, that being the NAT scalar affecting network connectivity and mutation rate affecting network size and connectivity. Indeed, this was found to be the case. The third parameter, was designed to create stable network and previous work has shown this to be the case. It is shown in this paper, that the esource parameter can be used to control population size within the network.


(Pt(NH,),Cl,) and C~S-(P~(NH,),(S'-GMP)~); this has a value of -2306.4 ppm which is in excellent agreement with the measured value of -2302.0 ppm. Comparison of the Kinetics of the Reactions of ?+'-AMP and 5'-GMP with Excess C~.S-(P~(NH~)~CI ,) in the Presence of KCI. A comparison of the kinetics of the reactions of 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP with excess cis-(Pt(NH,),CI,) in the presence of KCI Abstract: The 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1 -oxide system was synthesized via cyclocondensation of diethyl oxalimidate or dimethyl thiooxalimidate with thionyl chloride. The alkoxy and alkylthio group in these products are replaced by amines, e.g., pyrrolidine, which produced 3-ethoxy-4-( 1-pyrrolidiny1)- 1,2,5-thiadiazole I-oxide from the diethoxy analogue at room temperature. Examination of this product by ')C NMR in the presence of a chiral shift reagent showed two isomers, indicative of a stable pyramidal sulfoxide structure. Reaction of 3,4-diethoxy- 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1 -oxide with optically active amines, e.g., /-ephedrine, produces readily separable diastereoisomeric mixtures. The diastereoisomers undergo inversion only at elevated temperature, AC*120 = 33 kcal mol-', compared to only ca. 14.8 kcal mol-' for a thiophene I-oxide and 36 kcal mol-' for diaryl sulfoxides. X-ray analysis of 3,4-bis(methylthio)-1,2,5-thiadiazole I-oxide demonstrates that the ring is essentially nonaromatic and confirms the pyramidal sulfoxide structure. Interaction between the sulfur lone pair and the diene is small, the C3-C4 bond length lying closer to that of cyclopentadiene than of thiophene or thiadiazole. Theoretical calculations indicate that aromaticity effects lower the inversion barrier nearly equally in the thiophene and thiadiazole sulfoxides by stabilizing the planar transition state and destabilizing the nonaromatic pyramidal structure. The reduction of the barrier in the thiadiazole, however, is counteracted by the effect of the electronegative nitrogen atoms, thus raising the inversion barrier back to the range of normal sulfoxides.


The modeling and enactment of business processes is being recognized as key to modern information management. However, current approaches are inadequate for adoption in open, dynamic environments such as the Internet. These approaches take a logically centralized view of processes instead of treating the individual business entities (realized via services) as peers. Also, the efforts are directed towards the low-level implementation issues of the composite services, rather than towards the interactions between the businesses a higher level of abstraction appropriate for open systems. Consequently, existing approaches fail to adequately accommodate the autonomy, heterogeneity, and dynamism of the business partners in a process. Our research focus is to facilitate the enactment of Internet-based workflows by addressing the limitations in the current approaches and standardization efforts towards the coordination and composition of Web services. We focus on the coordination protocols (business protocols), which model the intractions between various (simple or composite) Web services, and propose a multiagent approach for enacting the corresponding business processes. We show that such a mechanism meets the fundamental requirements of businesses for Internet-based business collaborations.


The new framework of offences introduced by the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA) aims to reflect more realistically the spectrum of seriousness within this range of crime, placing particular emphasis: on the significance and variety of penetrative as opposed to touching conduct; on countering more emphatically the sexual exploitation of children, even where the child is a voluntary participant, and; on more severe maximum penalties. This Legal Commentary aims to extract some implications for young offenders from early guideline judgements on sentencing those convicted of the new offences. The gravity of penetration in its various manifestations is addressed generically in two principal ways:


Wegener's granulomatosis is a rare disease of unknown cause that is characterized by necrotizing granulomas of the upper and lower parts of the respiratory tract, necrotizing angiitis, and focal necrotizing glomerulitis. Lesions also are found commonly in the spleen and, indeed, in almost any part of the body, including the heart. Although the condition was first described by Klinger, 1 in 1931, it was not until 1936, when Wegener 2 reported 3 cases, that the syndrome was recognized as a distinct clinical entity thought to be a variant of periarteritis nodosa. However, in contrast to the latter condition, the presence of hypertension, allergic manifestations, and eosinophilia is rare. After a review of the literature in 1958, Walton 3 accepted 56 documented cases of Wegener's granulomatosis, which included his own. Blatt and associates 4 reviewed the literature since 1897 and found reports of 112 cases of midline granuloma of the upper


The purpose of this paper is to quarry out the influence factors and regional difference on farmer households' decision-making behavior to attend the land stock-cooperation.Methods employed: questionnaire investigation and Logistic model analysis.The analysis shows that not only the decision-making behavior to attend the land stock-cooperation differ among farmers of Southern Jiangsu,Middle Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu,but also the main factors influencing decision-making behaviors and influencing degree differ.It is concluded that the farmer households' decision-making behavior to attend the land stock-cooperation is different in Jiangsu,therefore corresponding measures and policies should be adopted by the government according to the location of farmers for the steady implementation of the rural land stock-cooperation.


We studied the specific characteristics of the proximal femur in patients with coxarthrosis using osteometric and biomechanic analysis in order to get "standard femur" in our population, relevant for designing Croatian model of hip joint endoprosthesis. The investigations included 454 antero-posterior radiographs of the hip joint and upper femur in patients with coxarthrosis. We measured thickness of medial and lateral cortex, lateromedial diametar of medullar canal and subperiostal diametar of the femur body with exactness of 1 mm by using specially designed scheme with sixteen measure levels. First level of measurement was the section surface, which is performed in the case of the total hip joint implantation. Surfaces of the transversal sections of the femur and medullar canal were calculated by using mathematic formulas. Using morphometric method in investigation we got standard values of the upper femur in frontal plane and surfaces of transversal sections of the femur body and medullar canal in our population. These results can undoubtedly contribute in designing Croatian model of hip joint endoprosthesis.


One placement. indicators doctoral of the education most of However, a important successful is job the indicators of a successful doctoral education is job placement. However, the employment challenge facing doctoral candidates in the area of employment relations and human resources (ERHR) has increased in recent years as hiring in the field has contracted. According to the Academy of Management (AOM) website for job-placement services, for example, there were 172 tenure-track positions available in human resource management during the fall of 2000, with only 115 applicants. In the fall of 2002, the numbers were 75 and 123, respectively. By the fall 2007, there were approximately twice as many applicants as positions (196 and 98, respectively).1 Such a reality makes it important for doctoral candidates to understand what


Faced with a failure aboard a modern aircraft, pilots must generate a flight-plan to effectively and safely control the plane to touchdown. However, forming this flight-plan involves predicting the complex interaction of the hybrid discrete-continuous behaviors of the pilot-aircraft system. This prediction must be accurate; otherwise the aircraft may lack the ability to correct for any deviations, placing it in a hazardous flight regime. It is hypothesized that an in-flight replanning tool may aid the pilot in forming and verifying flight-plans. Following the conceptual development of the needs of such a display, a prototype was constructed to test the concept. Issues ,with fasttime simulation, pilot-aircraft modeling, and pilot interfaces were explored in this development.


Use of rubber products and minerals containing higher than 0.1wt% asbestos was banned in 2006. For the regulation, there is a real need for accurate trace analysis of asbestos in rubber products and minerals. We reviewed the present analytical methods for asbestos and make some recommendations to avoid erroneous measurement. Firstly, proper pretreatment of rubber products is essentially important to exact analysis. Secondary, it is necessary to combine two or more analysis techniques such as XRD, SEM, PCM and DTG for qualitative or quantitative analysis of asbestos. XRD is the most powerful instrument that can be used detection and measurement of asbestos. Asbestos can be directly observed with SEM and PCM. Though DTG is useful for identification of serpentine minerals, it is necessary to pretreat the matrix dissolution to measure the concentration of asbestos.


Imiquimod is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and has adverse side effects, including taste disturbances. Paracrine transmission, representing cell–cell communication within taste buds, has the potential to shape the final signals that taste buds transmit to the brain. Here, we tested the underlying assumption that imiquimod modifies taste transmitter secretion in taste buds of mice.


As the usability of mobile services has become a critical factor of success in market, needs for established usability evaluation methodologies and realistic practices that ensure capturing usability in evaluation are increasing. From a point of user-centered design perspective, customer perceived value (CPV) has recently gained much attention from usability experts and user interface (UI) practitioners due to its important role in predicting purchase behavior and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. User perceived values on the newly introduced mobile services are diverse and rapidly changing However, there are few appropriate evaluation methods for assessing the usability of mobile services considering the CPVs. The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation scheme incorporating users' subjective values on the usability of mobile services. Based on the CPVs on mobile services from FGI, appropriate usability principles related to UI design components, CPVs from the literature were synthesized for the development of evaluation indexes in the proposed evaluation scheme. Comparing with traditional evaluation methods, it is expected that the proposed approach might enable UI practitioners to capture what users really want as well as to secure the usability of mobile services quickly and easily in the field.


The stability of the transverse monopole oscillation is considered in contrarotating, reciprocally pinched, cylindrically symmetric beams bunched in the moving direction. The problem is reduced to coupled and time‐dependent ordinary second‐order linear differential equations for the perturbed beam envelope functions. The equations are solved exactly and the self‐consistent stability condition for transverse monopole oscillations is derived to first order.


One of the driving rationales behind plans for major transport investment between Northern UK cities is that of connecting labour pools. Integrated labour pools, the argument goes, will give rise to agglomeration economies and subsequent growth. Behind this logic lies the idea that access to complementary skills in neighbouring cities will yield benefits for firms. Yet, at what travel time radius is access to these skills beneficial? Can a better understanding of this inform our assessment of the likely economic impact of proposed transport investments and subsequent reductions in travel times? Here we develop a method to estimate this radius based on the relationship between industry employment growth in a city and the size of employment in 'skill-related' sectors. Assuming car or rail travel, we find that for Northern cities the radius is around 45  min while for the South it is around 110  min. Manufacturing peaks around 45  min for the whole UK, including both North and South. Services, however, peak around 110  min in the South but 70  min in the North. A comparison between the UK's Integrated Rail Plan and earlier proposals to invest in High Speed 2 rail and Northern rail connections uncovers lost opportunities for employment growth in Manchester, Leeds and Sheffield. This study provides a road-map for the deployment of methods from Evolutionary Economic Geography, originally developed to predict regional and urban growth and diversification processes as a function of the local skill mix, to evaluate the potential gains from transport infrastructure schemes.


This work deals with the development of the political parties in Greece. In the first part the author examines the structure of the political parties. Then reference is made to the ideological conflict : the transition from absolutism to parliamentary government, the development of liberalism, and the appearance of the socialist movement. Lastly, in the third part an analysis is attempted of the social dimension of the political dispute in relation to the development of the social antagonisms in Greece from independence (1830) to the period of the second War World.


For extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, some critical issues concerning possible tool optics contamination due to resist outgassing remain to be resolved [1-4]. Before resists can be used on the ASML NXE:3100 and ASML NXE:3300 EUV scanners, they need to be tested in dedicated equipment and qualify according to the ASML NXE outgassing guidelines. In view of these guidelines, EIDEC has been working on an infrastructure set-up to enable resist outgassing testing. However, further investigations are still necessary to realize the application of the proposed outgassing evaluation method. Moreover, given the significant number of resists to be tested, fundamental studies to established concepts that reduce the number of resist outgassing tests are necessary. The application of these concepts focused on resist outgassing characterization based on resist composition and processes is presented. Moreover, a suggestion on how this fundamental information can be applied to reduce the total number of resist outgassing tests required for various EUV resists is discussed.


In a previous study [ McNeil et al. (1996) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 32, 575–584], patterns of sexual maturation and Juvenile Hormone (JH) biosynthesis were compared in virgin females from migratory (North American) and non‐migratory (Azorean) populations of the true armyworm moth, Pseudaletia unipuncta Haworth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sexual maturation occurred at a significantly earlier age after emergence in the non‐migrant population, and the rates of biosynthesis of JH in vitro suggested that lower titres of JH may be required to initiate the onset of calling behaviour (pheromone emission) and ovarian development in Azorean females. To examine the physiological differences in the reproductive biology of migratory and non‐migratory populations in greater detail, the haemolymph titres of JH and JH esterase activity were compared in virgin females as a function of age. In addition, the effects of mating on JH biosynthesis in vitro, JH titres, JH esterase activity and egg production were measured in the two populations. As expected, JH titres rose more rapidly after emergence in Azorean females than in their North American counterparts but, contrary to our prediction, the maximum levels were also higher in the non‐migrant population. Activity of JH esterase was much higher in Azorean females on the day of emergence. However, by the second day both populations had similar activity levels (about 17 nmol JH/min/ml) and exhibited a similar age‐related decline in subsequent days.


Algorithm performs simple statistical analysis of noisy signal to yield preliminary indication of whether or not signal contains sinusoidal component. Suitable for preprocessing or preliminary analysis of vibrations, fluctuations in pressure, and other signals that include large random components. Implemented on personal computer by easy-to-use program.


High Nitrogen Stainless Steels (HNSS) are a class of materials that possess a unique combination of outstanding strength, ductility, and corrosion properties. In this paper we report on the advantages of producing these materials via inert gas atomization and HIP consolidation. The high homogeneity and microstructural refinement of Powder Metallurgy (PM) processing was employed to produce a series of HNSS alloys with enhanced nitrogen solubility that possess mechanical and corrosion properties that are as good as or better than previously reported results. The high nitrogen solubility was achieved using alloy chemistry modifications and atmospheric nitrogen pressures. A model was generated by utilizing our own database of measured chemistry and property data that predicts nitrogen content and phase stability. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties are presented as a function of alloy content. Introduction Early research on nitrogen-containing iron alloys was first reported at the Carnegie Institute in 1912 [1]. In the 1920's and 1930's, additional research was conducted in Europe, primarily in Germany, and to a lesser degree in the United States [2]. Later in the 1970's, Armco developed a series of nitrogen containing steel alloys (the Nitronic alloys), with specific alloys designed for either high strength, wear resistance or improved corrosion properties [3]. The last 10 to 15 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in high nitrogen steel (HNS) research as evidenced by four previous international conferences on HNS [4-7] and currently in 1998, the fifth international HNS is being conducted in Helsinki and Stockholm. Despite the outstanding properties that a growing number of researchers have attributed to HNS [2, 8], several factors can limit the potential of these alloys. These factors include: a) the formation of brittle, stable nitrides and intermetallics which can precipitate during the slow cooling encountered during ingot casting, b) other casting defects such as macrosegregation which can render these highly alloyed materials unworkable by conventional wrought processing techniques [9, 10], and c) the difficulty in producing predictable nitrogen levels during both conventional and pressurized casting methods [9, 11, 12]. Prior research [11, 13] has shown that many of the problems can be overcome by melting HNSS under a nitrogen atmosphere, atomizing with N2 gas and consolidating with a Hot Isostatic Press (HIP). The beneficial effects of nitrogen on the properties of HNSS have been reviewed in previous research studies [8, 11]. In summary, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) Charpy V-notch Impact Energy (CVN), corrosion and wear properties all increase with increasing nitrogen content [8, 11]. Nitrogen promotes the stability of the austenite phase (no martensite formation during cold work) [14], and improves resistance to all types of corrosion [15]. The Table 1 Alloy Compositions (mass fraction %). benefits of nitrogen additions are reinforced by the microstructural refinements, enhanced chemical homogeneity and increased solubility of constituents which convey from PM rapid solidification processing (RSP). RSP and HIP also provide the opportunity for near-net-shape fabrication of the alloys, minimizing machining time and scrap. The alloys described in this study were prepared by N2 gas atomization in the NIST Supersonic Inert Gas Metal Atomizer (SIGMA) followed by HIP consolidation [13] and hot extrusion. The goal of this research was to produce an HNSS alloy with mechanical properties to exceed a UTS of 1050 MPa, an elongation of 50 %, and a CVN of 120 J, and the pitting corrosion resistance was designed to exceed the performance of implant grade 316L stainless. Experiments To achieve these goals, a multi-variable regression analysis was performed on compositional and property data generated from 60 prior atomization runs. This resulted in a set of coefficients that represented the sensitivity of each constituent on nitrogen solubility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. In addition, prior work by Reichsteiner [16] provided coefficients that could be used to determine whether an alloy would contain detrimental ferrite within the austenite matrix phase. This predictive model was then encoded in a spreadsheet format that permitted efficient evaluation of alloy compositions prior to running the costly atomization trials. The performance goals set for these alloys narrowed the number of alloy constituents and range of compositions. The minimum N mass fraction was set at 0.8 % to ensure high strength and austenite stability but was not allowed to exceed 0.95 % to preclude the formation of stable nitrides (i.e. Cr2N). The Cr mass fraction was set relatively high (28 % to 30 %) to ensure a high nitrogen level and the Mo mass fraction was set at 2 % to help improve corrosion properties. Higher values were not used because of cost and the tendency of Mo to form the intermetallic F phase. Mn concentration was limited to 15 % to minimize its detrimental effects on corrosion properties. Ideally, for improved corrosion properties, the mass fraction of Mn should not exceed 10 %, however, this requirement was relaxed in this series of alloys in order to reach minimum 0.8 % N solubility [8]. Finally, Ni, although high in cost and detrimental to N solubility, was maintained above 12 % to insure austenite stability. Results and Discussion Table 1 shows measured compositions of the HNSS alloys produced in this study. The alloys numbered NSS.082 to NSS.087 are the experimental alloys that resulted from using the predictive model with the performance and composition criteria mentioned previously. Alloy NSS.057 (from a prior study [13]) is included for comparison purposes and represents a typical HNSS alloy where reduced Cr, Mn, and N result in a duplex microstructure. Duplex stainless steels consist of a mixture of austenite and ferrite within the matrix as seen in Fig. 1. Table 2 shows N content predicted by regression analysis (NR) and measured (NM), hardness, strength, elongation, strain-hardening exponent (n), and CVN for each of the alloys shown in Table 1. Measurements were made using methods described in ASTM E8 for UTS, YS, and elongation, ASTM E646 was followed to calculate n values, and ASTM E23 was followed to calculate impact energy [17]. The indicated property values are an average of two test samples where the evaluated uncertainties (2F) for UTS and YS values are ±17 MPa, ±1.3 % for elongation Table 2 Alloy Properties Figure 1 Micrographs of NSS.057 showing duplex structure. a) As HIPped showing Cr2N and F phase inclusions. b) HIPped and solution treated. values, ±0.003 for n values, and ±4 J for impact energy. Volume fraction austenite was found to be in excess of 0.99 for all the alloys listed (as determined by x-ray diffraction analysis and optical metallography) except NSS.057 where volume fraction austenite was found to be 0.67. Prior studies by the authors [13] and others [14, 18] have found it necessary to solution treat and water quench HNSS alloys to eliminate the previously mentioned Cr2N and F phases. Fig. 1 shows micrographs of alloy NSS.057 both before and after this solution treatment. The darkly etched intermetallic precipitates within the duplex matrix are clearly visible in Fig. 1a. This same alloy after solution treatment to dissolve these inclusions is shown in Fig. 1b. Although solution treatment is effective in eliminating these phases, the duplex matrix was still a source of some concern. The ferrite phase is known to affect certain mechanical properties. Ferrite can cleave and fail catastrophically, austenite can not cleave, it fails by a ductile mode [10, 19]. Ferrite also reduces corrosion resistance, and the ferrite crystal structure has a much lower N solubility than austenite. Therefore, in this new set of alloys the chemistry was adjusted with an intent of producing an 100 % austenite material. The photomicrograph shown in Fig. 2 (NSS.085 after HIP consolidation) is typical of the austenitic alloys in this study. Fine equiaxed grains (.25 :m) of austenite are accompanied by small precipitates of manganese silicate amounting to less than 1 % of the volume. Fig. 3 is a typical x-ray diffraction pattern produced by these alloys. No evidence of secondary phases was seen in any of these newer alloys either before or after HIP consolidation. The relatively high CVN's (exceeding 100 J in all but alloy NSS.082) are further


PURPOSE: A pad for bedding with activated charcoal is provided to facilitate a quilting work and to prevent the loss of activated charcoal. CONSTITUTION: A pad for bedding with activated charcoal is manufactured by inserting interior materials between upper and lower woven fabrics(20,22) and quilting the upper and lower woven fabrics and sewing the edge of the fabrics. The interior materials are obtained by needle punching upper and lower non-woven fabrics(12,14) filled with activated charcoal(16).


The Danish-Norwegian colony of Tranquebar in south-east India is a little explored case of science and 'patriotic enlightenment' in the colonial world of the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the period 1768–1813, Tranquebar emerged as a local south Indian hub of science and improvement. The symbol of this development was the establishment of the Tranquebarian Society, the third learned society east of the Cape of Good Hope. The article examines the unique assemblage of scientific networks, people, instruments, institutions, and ideas of local and global origin that converged in Tranquebar, and it investigates the fusion of local problems and radical ideas of enlightenment, education, and improvement that united government, mission, and merchants in Tranquebar in the quest for 'useful knowledge'.


The authors presented the aspects of diagnostics of alcohol dependence paying special attention to its laboratory and biochemical side. Biological sensitive and specific markers of alcohol dependence and abuse: N-acetyl-beta-hexosoaminidase, carbohydrate deficient transferrin and protein-acetaldehyde adducts were also presented.


Due to the ability to produce sustainably carbon-based chemicals and fuels, CO2 electrolysis and the closely related CO electrolysis are advancing rapidly from fundamental studies toward industrial applications. Many near...


The need for integrating geospatial information (GI) data from various heterogeneous sources has seen increased importance for geographic information system (GIS) interoperability. Using domain ontologies to clarify and integrate the semantics of data is considered as a crucial step for successful semantic integration in the GI domain. Nevertheless, mechanisms are still needed to facilitate semantic mapping between GI ontologies described in different natural languages. This research establishes a formal ontology model for cross-lingual geospatial information ontology mapping. By first extracting semantic primitives from a free-text definition of categories in two GI classification standards with different natural languages, an ontology-driven approach is used, and a formal ontology model is established to formally represent these semantic primitives into semantic statements, in which the spatial-related properties and relations are considered as crucial statements for the representation and identification of the semantics of the GI categories. Then, an algorithm is proposed to compare these semantic statements in a cross-lingual environment. We further design a similarity calculation algorithm based on the proposed formal ontology model to distance the semantic similarities and identify the mapping relationships between categories. In particular, we work with two GI classification standards for Chinese and American topographic maps. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed model for cross-lingual geospatial information ontology mapping.


This 2003 volume explores a concern that has possibly never occurred to most Americans: the significance of one's own country code within a domain name. Americans have been privileged in their enjo...


A field experiment was conducted in Basra city during 2020-2021 to assess the effect of three levels of Roselle extract (Hibiscus subdaiffa L.) at 0.3 and 5.7 g.L-1 and three levels of balanced solution Magic Grow Tonic (0, 3, 5, 7 m.L-1) and their interaction. The experiment was factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. Results showed that spraying with the Roselle extract and balanced solution interaction at 5g. L-1 Roselle extract + 7 ml. L-1 Magic Grow Tonic give the highest rate plant height 30.87) cm) leaves number 16.44) leaf. plant-1) flower number 11.95) flower. Plant-1), flower diameter 5.86) cm) except the stem diameter surpassed as sprayed with 5g.L-1 Roselle extract + 5ml.L-1 Magic Grow Tonic 7.88) mm), while the spray with 3g.L-1 Roselle extract + 7ml.L-1 Magic Grow Tonic superior in the dry matter in leaf and flower stem of flowers (17.48%), (%18.43) and 3.51) cm). the treatment of balanced solution at a concentration of )7.5ml.L-1( gave highest dray Wight for plant 58.72) g).


The following seven compounds were prepared, R-N=C-NH-_??_+SO3Na R : n-pentyl (1) : n-heptyl (2); n-nonyl (3); n-undecyl (4); n-tridecyl (5); n-pentadecyl (6); n-heptadecyl (7), and their physico-chemical properties in aqueous solutions were studied.The results obtained were as follows.1) Surface-active abilities such as reduction of surface tension, emulsification of liquid paraffin, solubilization of Orange OT, deflocculation of calcium carbonate and wet-through to the cotton cloth were observed in the aqueous solutions of sample (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7).2) Sample (6) and (7) appear to be excellent dispersants for various dyes and pigments.


The invention relates to a diesel engine oil composition and application which mainly solve the problem that in the prior art, the extreme pressure antiwear property of marine diesel engine oil is poor. The composition is prepared from, by weight, 0.1-30 parts of clearing agents, dispersing agents and antioxidants or mixtures of the clearing agents, the dispersing agents and the antioxidants, 0.1-10 parts of antiwear agents and 0-50 parts of base oil. According to the diesel engine oil composition and the application, the problem is better solved, and the diesel engine oil composition can be applied to industrial production.


Abstract In this paper, we suggest an approach to analysing policies relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We discuss the formulation of policy and sketch how the approach can be applied to different specific challenges as policymakers try to make difficult choices for managing the pandemic and protecting the economy and society.


Increasing in the transistor density in a single chip makes it possible for many-core systems to utilize design space for implementing complex embedded systems. In this paper, we propose an architecture for heterogeneous many-core system to integrate block cipher algorithm which is based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). In order to implement AES as a crypto-core along with heterogeneous many-core system two different approaches are proposed. In the first approach, the platform is composed of an AES module, a crypto-core, a network interface, and an internal memory which are managed through a controller. In the second approach, the platform is composed of a Direct Memory Access (DMA), network interface, an internal memory, and a microprocessor in which the AES module is integrated as a crypto-core. Both approaches have been analyzed and compared in terms of area overhead and performance.


In this paper we present an Automatic Optical Inspection system to diagnose Printed Circuit Boards mounted in Surface Mounting Technology. The diagnosis task is handled as a classification problem with a neural network approach. The Printed Circuit Board tested images are preprocessed by means of several methods to reduce the amount of data to feed to the neural networks. We compare the results obtained in the diagnosis for all methods. The Automatic Optical Inspection system seems to be a good solution in an industrial application because of the low cost, very fast diagnosis and easiness to set-up and handle.


Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims to localize object with only weak supervision like image-level labels. However, a long-standing problem for available techniques based on the classification network is that they often result in highlighting the most discriminative parts rather than the entire extent of object. Nevertheless, trying to explore the integral extent of the object could degrade the performance of image classification on the contrary. To remedy this, we propose a simple yet powerful approach by introducing a novel adversarial erasing technique, erasing integrated learning (EIL). By integrating discriminative region mining and adversarial erasing in a single forward-backward propagation in a vanilla CNN, the proposed EIL explores the high response class-specific area and the less discriminative region simultaneously, thus could maintain high performance in classification and jointly discover the full extent of the object. Furthermore, we apply multiple EIL (MEIL) modules at different levels of the network in a sequential manner, which for the first time integrates semantic features of multiple levels and multiple scales through adversarial erasing learning. In particular, the proposed EIL and advanced MEIL both achieve a new state-of-the-art performance in CUB-200-2011 and ILSVRC 2016 benchmark, making significant improvement in localization while advancing high performance in image classification.


Balala' traditional ceremony is one of forbidden customs in the Kanayatn Dayak community. This study describes the Balala' indigenous traditions held by Dayak Kanayatn tribe in Pate Hamlet, Saham Village, Sengah Temila District, Landak Regency. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative one with an ethnographic approach, while the data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation. Data collection instruments are interview guides and documentation. Based on the research results, the 'Balala'  traditional procession consists of several stages: Mansorokng ceremony held on April 12, opening ceremony on May 28, and 'Bungkas Lala' ceremony on May 31. This rite is a form of ceremony to get rid of bad luck or bad things. Every citizen always obeys advices and prohibitions. This paper implies that the 'Balala' customary tradition can be known widely, especially to the younger generation in order to be preserved as it represents the personal awareness of the community as indigenous peoples.


Halogenated compounds create the most important class of xenobiotic which commonly lead to pollution. Some of these compounds are very toxic and cause enormous problems to human health and to the environment. Many of these toxic chemicals have been shown to occur in various extreme habitats. Pollutant-degrading microorganisms, adapted to grow in various environments, play an important role in the biological treatment of polluted extreme habitats. The presence of dehalogenase producing microorganisms in extreme habitat in particular is necessary since the enzyme can catalyze the removal of a halogen atom from a substrate. Therefore, it can reduce the toxicity of the halogenated compound and some are of interest for study in industrial application. Thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles and halophiles are types of extremophiles. Knowledge of the biodegradation of toxic chemicals in extreme environment is limited. Here, examples of dehalogenase producing bacteria isolated from various extreme conditions and its special characteristics/features will be discussed in this review.


The purpose of this research is to develop an easy and rapid method to align and parallel nanowires on the patterned-substrates for the application of TiO2 nanowires field effect transistors (NWFET) biosensors. Titanic oxide nanowires, which the average diameter and length of prepared nanowires are about 20 to 30 nm and 3 mum, respectively, is made base on the simple hydrothermal synthesis method. The energy band gap of the TiO2 at anatase structure is about 3.33 eV. The vibration and stretching of the specific functional groups are presented at wavenumber 395, 514 and 638 cm-1 under Raman spectroscopy measurement. The homemade robot system is designed to pull the substrate up from hydrogen titanate solution. Paralled-TiO2 nanowires are formed via gravity effect and the channel alignment on the substrate surface. In this paper, the key factors such as robot speed, channel structures and nanowire concentration are studied and discussed. The assembly method of the devices and the modification of the nanowires are also mentioned in final.


Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is an uncommon, chronic, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), clinically characterized by violaceous papules, plaques and nodules, symmetrically distributed over extensor surfaces of the extremities. Since the first case described by Hutchinson in 1888 [1], unusual presentations with hemorrhagic, ulcerative and annular type lesions have occasionally been reported [2, 3]. We present a new case with vesiculobullous lesions arising in the setting of typical [...]


Objectives: To determine the effect of using abdominal binder after cesarean delivery on postoperative wound pain, physical function and analgesic drugs use. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between January and April 2018 at KhonKaen Hospital. Fifty women who underwent elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to either the abdominal binder group or routine standard care. The primary outcome was postoperative wound pain as measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 6, 24, and 48 hours after using the binder. The secondary outcomes included physical function as measured by distance 6-minute walk test (6MWT), time to first ambulation, analgesic drugs use and adverse effects. Results: Postoperative wound pain was indicated by a significantly lower VAS score in the binder group with the repeated measures ANOVA (F= 30.78, p < 0.005). The respective postoperative VAS score at 6, 24, and 48 hours was also significantly lower in the binder group (mean ± SD at 6, 24, and 48 hr. = 4.77 ± 1.97, 3.73 ± 1.48, and 2.51 ± 1.63 vs. standard care 6.85 ± 2.26, 5.49 ± 2.34, and 4.66 ± 2.21; p < 0.05). Postoperative opioid drugs use in the binder group was significantly less than in the standard care (5.22 ± 1.20 mg vs. 7.63 ± 2.43 mg; p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the 6MWT and time to first ambulation between the two groups. No serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Using abdominal binder can reduced pain and analgesic drugs used in postoperative cesarean delivery.


Hydrogen-bonded host frameworks constructed from carefully selected molecular building blocks can exhibit architectures capable of encapsulating a wide range of guest molecules, with promising opportunities in key technologies.