After the Opium Wars,the Western powers consolidated and expanded their interests in China and established a system of Sino international relationships.In this situation,Chen Lanbin as the first Chinese envoy to USA prevented the US Congress from passing anti-Chinese acts,actively sought compensations after the Denver anti-Chinese riots,defended the legal rights of the Chinese workers,and fought against the frenzied anti-Chinese waves.He was a responsible and admirable diplomat.


The utility model relates to a combined stacked body similar material simulation experiment device which is used for testing in a laboratory. A load oil cylinder is fixed on the load beam of the utility model, a trench is constructed on a foundation, and the upright column of the utility model moves along the trench; the lower part of the upright column is connected with a horizontal or an inclined combined chassis, and a sensor strip is arranged under the combined chassis; form panels a and b are connected with the upright column, and the load beam is connected with the upright column; a plane or a stereo simulation device is combined through moving the upright column and lengthening the form panels. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, flexible combination and cost saving; the utility model can complete an underground engineering experiment and can also be used for the simulation researches of side slopes, dams and other engineering simulation researches.


of interpolated multibeam data of non-parallel sand waves covered by mega ripples is analyzed on deformation. Parameters for a grid point wise, sinusoidal and time dependent model are identified, and estimated by a mixture of local and global statistical techniques.


O O A B C b c a observations of the same scene Merging different Filling the gaps FIGURE 14.11: A 2D illustration of the Curless-Levoy method for fusing multiple range images. In the left part of the figure, three views observed by the same sensor located at the point O are merged by computing the zero set of a weighted average of the signed distances between voxel centers (e.g., points A, B, and C) and surface points (e.g., a, b, and c) along viewing rays. In general, distances to different sensors would be used instead. The light-gray area in the right part of the figure is the set of voxels marked as empty in the gap-filling part of the procedure. scanner, as well as a physical model constructed from the geometric one via stereo-lithography (Curless and Levoy 1996). We now turn to actual object recognition from range images. The registration techniques introduced in the previous section will play a crucial role in the two algorithms discussed in this one. The recognition algorithm proposed by Faugeras and Hebert (1986) is a recursive procedure exploiting rigidity constraints to efficiently search an interpretation tree for the path(s) corresponding to the best sequence(s) of matches. The basic procedure is given in pseudocode in Algorithm 14.3. To correctly handle occlusions (and the fact that, as noted earlier, a range finder will " see, " at best, one half of the object facing it), at every stage of the search, the algorithm must consider the possibility that a model plane might not match any scene plane. This is done by always incorporating in the list of potential matches of a given plane a token " null " plane. Selecting potential matches. The selection of potential matches for a given model plane is based on various criteria depending on the number of correspondences already established, with each new correspondence providing new geometric constraints and more stringent criteria. At the beginning of the search, we know only that a model plane with area A should be matched to scene planes with a com


A wireless communication apparatus wherein the throughput is improved. In a wireless communication apparatus (100), a frame generating part (120) adds a header to a data portion to form a transport frame. A control part (190) acquires a variation index in a propagation path and decides the length of the data portion of the transport frame in accordance with the propagation path variation index. In this way, when the propagation path variation index is large, that is, the degree of propagation path variation is high, the data portion can be shortened. Contrarily, when the propagation path variation index is small, that is, the degree of propagation path variation is low, the data portion can be elongated. Thus, when the degree of propagation path variation is high and hence the probability of reception of a retransmittal request from a receiving end is high, the data portion can be shortened to prevent a degradation of the throughput that would occur due to a transmission of long data. Contrarily, when the probability of reception of a retransmittal request is low, a long data can be transmitted to improve the throughput.


College admission typically requires students to present their high school GPA and a standardized score, such as ACT or SAT. High school GPA is usually attributed to students' cumulative effort during their high school career and is often used as a measure of resilience. The ACT score allows students' aptitude to be assessed. Contemporary admission practices, however, often rely on a combination of scores that allow ranking a potential student and viewing them as a high- or low-potential based on a single number. While such practice is efficient for making quick admission decisions, it is detrimental for identifying students' particular needs while in college. Such students with academic challenges may require help understanding the subject matter, while students who lack essential study- or time-management skills may require assistance emphasizing the behavioral component of being in college. Lack of a simple way to estimate potential challenges within the populations comprising the student body often results in treating the population that doesn't necessarily need help and overlooking the segments that may require extra or a different type of attention. To quickly understand the differences in student population, a tool was developed that parcels an incoming cohort into four achievement quadrants: low achiever, high achiever, overachiever, and underachiever. This study explores the usability of this tool in determining at-risk population, and understanding behavioral differences and reported academic needs for intervention design.


The swivel head of a driving spindle of a four-high mill fractured. The fracture originated in a darkly stained spot on the bottom of the cylindrical part and then continued into the cylinder walls in the two directions. The fracture topography was of dendritic structure at the stained spot. This led to the conclusion that a shrinkage cavity was present. Metallographic examination confirmed that the fracture of the swivel head was caused or favored by a cavity.


Adobe Lightroom is an example of a domain-specific information management tool that has adopted many of the practices that have become well-established within the research community such as automatic metadata extraction, fast keyword-based retrieval and querybased collections for the management of images. It also supports the workflow of professional photographers. We will present a web-based system that transfers some of these advanced concepts to the realm of research publications. The new application introduces sophisticated facilities for classifying publications in different dimensions based on combined notions of flagging, tagging, ratings and colours in addition to manual organisation and sorting in collections. Retrieval and discovery in a potentially large publication corpus is achieved by providing efficient browsing techniques based on a faceted search interface and user-driven categorisation.


The authors present an example of the effect a change in the excise tax can have on retail gasoline prices. The findings provide support for standard economic theory, as well as provide a vehicle for illustrating some of the subtleties of the analysis, including the implicit assumptions regarding the implications for the buying and selling prices of middlemen.


Concrete is a construction material used intensively all around the world. The principal components of concrete are Portland cement, water, gravel, sand and chemical admixtures. The production of Portland cement requires significant amounts of energy and is an important contributor to the global warming. This paper presents a teaching experience using fly ash type F and lightweight aggregates to reduce the consumption of Portland cement that result in Green Concretes. The students participate in the planning, mixing, and testing of the concrete to obtain important engineering properties, and in the construction and testing of a postensioned T-beam, a postensioned segmental beam, and two reinforced concrete T-beams. The Green Concrete projects motivate the student participation, the course outcomes are fully accomplished, and the students gain experience using environmentally friendly materials.


The metabolism of injected [3H] PteGlu in hepatectomized rats was studied. Significantly higher radioactivity was found in all folate derivatives of regenerating liver. The results confirm the hypothesis according to which the decrease of endogenous polyglutamate content of regenerating liver might be ascribed to greater utilization rather than to lower synthesis of these coenzymes.


Substance abuse is a growing problem in today's society. While there are many different forms of treatment for substance abuse, some forms of treatment have proven to be more effective than others. In some cases, family intervention in substance abuse treatment has proven to be more effective than treatments that do not include family intervention. This paper is an analysis of existing literature regarding substance abuse treatment, highlighting specific circumstances in which family intervention tends to be most effec-


Kate Olson concludes her guide to organizations shaping cardiac care in the UK with an over view of charitable bodies that have a specific focus on cardiovascular conditions.


Silvofishery based mangrove ecosystem based resource management has been already widely known and practiced, both at home and abroad. However, until now it's difficult to find silvofishery application with correct and proper principles, in terms of bioengineering, ecological and institutional. The researched was conducted on March 2012. The aims of this study were (1) assess the ecological status, (2) assess fish aquaculture bioengineering, (3) economic and financial analysis for the silvofishery application, and (4) determine the pattern of silvofishery management in RPH TegalTangkil. Collected data were related to ecological, economic, social and institutional aspect, which related to silvofishery management in RPH Tegal-Tangkil. The research showed that, mangroves contribute significantly to the daily shrimp by product. Water quality conditions currently were still suitable for fish aquaculture activities. Although there were discovered heavy metals content in this area, there for it is necessary to improve water quality by develop reservoir system. In terms of bioengineering, fisherman were still culture fish by traditionally technique and not done with correct and proper principles. Economically silvofishery system was still able to develop for increase fishermans incomes. If silvofisheries were applied properly, it can increase fisherman income up to 509.60%. However, silvofishery management was still deficient; It is seen from the difference between the ideal and reality. Institutional improvement minawana management system at least focus on the improvement of the organization and rules of the game.


An approximate model for the $s=\frac{1}{2}$ one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with random exchange is presented. A probability for exchange ($J$) of the form $P(J)=\mathrm{const}{J}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, with the constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ in the range $0l\ensuremath{\alpha}l1$, is considered. The approximation is to decouple alternate spins, which leads to isolated exchange-coupled spin pairs having the same $P(J)$. Explicit results for the magnetization ($M$), susceptibility ($\ensuremath{\chi}$), entropy ($S$), and specific heat (${C}_{H}$) are given. Several limiting cases are worked out. The low-field ($\mathrm{Zeeman}\mathrm{energy}\ensuremath{\ll}{k}_{B}T$) behavior is $\ensuremath{\chi}=\mathrm{const}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, whereas at intermediate fields ($\mathrm{Zeeman}\mathrm{energy}\ensuremath{\gg}{k}_{B}T$), $M=\mathrm{const}{H}^{1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, and ${C}_{H}H=\mathrm{const} T{H}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$. These results are in agreement with the observed behavior of several tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) charge-transfer salts with asymmetric donors, such as quinolinium-${(\mathrm{TCNQ})}_{2}$. Comparison with other approximations shows this model to give results almost indistinguishable from the spinless fermion model of Bulaevskii et al. and the cluster model of Theodorou and Cohen. It is argued that the work of Alexander, Bernasconi, and Orbach shows that there is a relationship between the density of states and $P(J)$ for the Heisenberg chain, and that they are not the same. This leads to a value of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ for the thermodynamic properties which differs from that of $P(J)$ for the fully coupled Heisenberg chain.


To reduce the trial and error in a real clinical scenario, the finite element analysis (FEA) can be effectively used to simulate various effective pad designs and a material selection to reduce and redistribute peak plantar pressure in a diabetic foot with neuropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pad design and material stiffness on the reduction in plantar pressure in a diabetic foot with neuropathy using FEA. Three-dimensional foot models with a customized insole (CMI) were created to study the peak contact pressure. Ethylene vinyl acetate, Nora® Lunalastike, and thermoplastic polyurethane were assigned to the top, middle, and base layers of the CMI, respectively. Two types of pads were proposed: a heel pad and a heel–forefoot pad. Four different materials with different stiffnesses were assigned as pad materials including a void pad. The FEA revealed that pads with soft materials reduced peak plantar pressure more effectively than stiffer pads. The use of a softer heel–forefoot pad reduced the peak plantar pressure at the midfoot and forefoot compared with other pads. The findings suggest that the material and design selection for the fabrication of CMIs with pads are important factors in reducing plantar pressure and may be useful in the management of a neuropathic diabetic foot.


If innovation comes in a variety of shapes and sizes and is used by different people to mean different things, then making coherent sense of the subject is not an easy task. Grouping innovations into categories can help. Essentially, by putting innovations in groups, it should make it easier to make sense of innovation as a whole simply because one can then take each group in turn and subject it to detailed scrutiny. If it is easier to make sense of a small group than large one, then we should be on the way to making sense of innovation.


This research mainly studied the total phenols content of three different polar solvent(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butano1)extracts of clove.Meanwhile,reducing power,DPPH radicals scavenging activity and metal-chelating(Fe2+) activity were also determined.The result showed that the polarity of the solvent extracts(n-butano1) was greater,the total phenols content of three different extracts was higher,and also exhibited higher reducing power,DPPH radicals scavenging activity and metal-chelating(Fe2+) activity(P0.05),and the concentration also exhibited significant correlation with the antioxidant activity of the extracts(P0.05).And this result suggested that clove extracts exhibit stronger antioxidant activity,and different polar solvent have mainly influence on there antioxidant activity.


In this paper, we consider state estimation using a Kalman filter of a linear time-invariant process with nonstationary intermittent observations caused by packet losses. The packet loss process is modeled as a sequence of independent, but not necessarily identical Bernoulli random variables. Under this model, we show how the probabilistic convergence of the trace of the prediction error covariance matrices, which is denoted as Tr(Pk), depends on the statistical property of the nonstationary packet loss process. A series of sufficient and/or necessary conditions for the convergence of supk≥n Tr(Pk) and infk≥n Tr(Pk) are derived. In particular, for one-step observable linear system, a sufficient and necessary condition for the convergence of infk≥n Tr(Pk) is provided.


P. W. Bridgman's recent (1962) method of synchronism by infinitely slow clock transport as an alternative to Einstein's light signal method is examined in its bearing on the philosophical status of simultaneity in the Special Theory of Relativity (STR). Critical attention is focused on the claim, made in a 1967 paper by B. Ellis and P. Bowman (E & B), that Bridgman's alternative to Einstein's clock synchronization rule refutes the philosophical conception of simultaneity which Hans Reichenbach attributed to Einstein. It is contended that in the STR. synchronism by slow clock transport neither refutes nor trivializes the ingredience of a convention in that theory's distant simultaneity.


In this paper, the wavelet channel coding (WCC) is revisited in a more general analysis embracing flat real wavelet matrices derived from a Haar matrix and complex input symbols. WCC encoding and decoding are algebraically described and a probability distribution of wavelet symbols is formulated. Signal constellations for transmission of wavelet symbols are proposed and the constellation average energy is deduced from probability generating functions of the wavelet symbols. System performance over a flat Rayleigh channel is analyzed and compared with symbol-by-symbol detecting systems and diversity two space-time block coding (STBC) systems. Simulation results show that WCC presents better performance than ordinary symbol-by-symbol detecting systems, particularly at higher signal-to-noise ratios for higher spectral efficiencies, and STBC systems for spectral efficiency of 1 bit/s/Hz.


A pot experiment applied household sewage sludge one time and continually five times planted rape was conducted to study the long-term effects of the sewage sludge to the organic matter(OM),available N,P and K in calcic cinnamon soil and weakly developed cinnamon soil.The results indicated that applying the domestic sludge increased obviously OM,available N,P and K in the two calcareous soil and the effects increased as the applied doses of sewage sludge increased.The increases of nutrients in the nutrient-poor weakly developed cinnamon soil were greater than in the calcareous soil with equal applied quantites of sludge and garbage.


Human Vc9/Vd2-T-cells constitute 15% of all peripheral blood Tcells
under normal conditions but can rapidly increase to over 50% in
acute infection. The direct recognition of invading pathogens by Vc9/
Vd2-T-cells is attributed to their unique TCR-mediated detection of
the microbial metabolite, HMB-PP. We have identified a crucial role
played by infiltrating neutrophils in their ability to facilitate the release
of functional HMB-PP from phagocytosed bacteria. Neutrophils harbouring
HMB-PP over-expressing but not HMB-PP deficient bacteria
induced potent cd-T-cell cytokine responses (IFN-c and TNF).
Transwell experiments showed that cd-T-cells responded directly to
soluble HMB-PP released from infected neutrophils and that cell-cell
contact with monocytes was required for optimum activation. We
observed this crosstalk with autologous cd-T-cells, neutrophils and
monocytes in response to HMB-PP producing (e.g. Klebsiella,
Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) and HMB-PP deficient live bacterial
pathogens (e.g. Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Chryseobacterium).
Monocytes provide a key presenting mechanism for microbe derived
HMB-PP whereby they take up and directly present this activator to
induce cd-T-cell responses; this could be blocked by the use of various
inhibitors of monocyte endocytosis. Microbe responsive cd-T-cells also
interacted with neutrophils by providing potent long-lived survival and
activation signals. We have also observed similar activation marker
expression on neutrophils and cd-T-cells in patients with sepsis. Taken
together our findings define an unconventional mechanism of pathogen
recognition, which links the crucial innate function of pathogen
clearance by neutrophils with an alternative antigen processing pathway
in monocytes, resulting in the highly co-ordinated activation of
cd-T-cells and potentiation of the cellular immune response.


As a female author,CanXue has been deeply concerned over the consciousness of female liberation.In CanXue's novel named WuXiangJie,she has created many female roles.The females have different characteristic,but they all have a kind of thinking which differs from males' thinking.They talk about sex bravely that is forbidden to talk about in traditional civilization.They express their real ideas.They all have independent mentality,which is what a true female should do.Through her fiction,CanXue makes us think of the role of mother.In her works,mothers aren't sacred,which is far different from former mothers in literature.


A strange and chance encounter on the final night of my trip to Chicago, my first visit to that city, where I attend the second annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies, (AAACS) in 2003 gave birth to this paper. The paper intends to highlight some of the critical issues in the education and curriculum field not only inside the walls of our schools but outside them as well. Through the analysis of a conversation between two females, this paper discusses some prevailing perspectives about education and curriculum, the important role that parents should play in the education of their children and the significance of continuous education reforms. Conclusions are also drawn.


Two central topics in recent rounds of international trade negotiations have been environmental concerns and services trade. While each is undoubtedly important, they are unrelated. In this paper, I show that the services-environment link is small, for two reasons. First, services account for only a small fraction of overall pollution. For none of five major air pollutants does the service sector account for even 4% of total emissions; for three of the five services account for less than 1%. Second, those service industries that do pollute are the least likely to be traded internationally. Those services for which the United States collects and publishes international trade data—presumably those services that are traded internationally—are less polluting than services for which trade data do not exist—presumably because the services are not traded. Even if we limit attention to the services that are traded across borders, the service industries most intensively traded are the ones that pollute the least. The bottom line is simple. International services trade bears little relation to the environment, because services in general contribute relatively little to overall pollution, and those industries that are traded internationally are among the least polluting.


The bulk of the material comprising the pocket beach at the mouth of the Manndraperelv, Tanafjord, northern Norway, is supplied by the river. The stream bed consists of poorly sorted coarse sediments which show a crude upstream imbrication. Dampening of wave activity near the mouth of the stream by the outflow of water has caused relatively fine-grained material to accumulate on spits. Size-shape sorting by waves concentrates the finest pebbles on landward moving swash bars.

Away from the stream mouth beach deposits become finer grained landward, and are zoned in a manner similar to that described by BLUCK (1967). If similar deposits were preserved in the geological record they might be confused with coarse-grained fluviatile sequences. Study of the textures of the Manndraperelv deposits establishes criteria for distinguishing between these two possibilities.


Ever growing inhabitants and progressive municipal business demands for constructing new buildings are known as the primary contributor to greenhouse gasses. Therefore, improvement of energy efficiency of the building segment has become a vital target to decrease the amount of gas production as well as fossil fuel consumption. One most efficient approach to reducing CO2 emission and energy consumption with regard to new buildings is to think about energy competence at a very early design stage. On the other hand, efficient energy administration and smart refurbishments can improve energy recital of the existing stock. All these elucidation entail accurate energy prediction for finest decision making. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) in general and machine learning (ML) techniques in explicit terms has been projected for forecasting of building energy consumption and performance. The existing models have achieved roughly 74% of the accuracy on the test set. Received results can be further concentrating on with artificial intelligence methods. Index Terms Prediction, finest decision, Multi-Task Learning, Artificial Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory.


The 3D vectorial Gaussian beam tracing method is used to model a short 62.4-GHz link in a simple urban environment. First the Gabor expansion method with a wide-waisted window function is utilized to expand the known far field pattern of the transmitter antenna into a set of Gaussian beams and then these beams are propagated in space until they impinge on a building wall or ground, on which a phase matching method is used to find the reflected Gaussian beams. We will also concisely introduce a new method to consider 3D GB diffraction when incident on a wedge. Overall coverage map shows the dominant effect of shadowing in the millimeter wave band. Received mean signal power in a line of sight route is produced to be compared with results from an exhaustive ray tracing method done by other authors.


The College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) has played an important role in the history of family medicine in Canada. To help serve the future of family medicine, the Research and Education Foundation (REF) of the CFPC was established in 1994 as the only charitable organization in Canada


The satisfaction and waiting time of out-patient department in Nongkhai hospital is descriptive research design. The objectives of this study were to identify the dispensing procedure, investigate the operational problems that may lead to excessive wating time in out-patient in Nongkhai hospital to improve pharmacy department service. The subjects were chosen according to both of out-patient rooms (450 samples) and all prescriptions which carried out between 2 nd -6 th July 2012 during 8.00 AM.-4.00 PM. in Nongkhai hospital. The method composed to review literature, questionnaire construction, questionnaire validation, data collection, data analysis and data report. The results of this research can be found most of subjects were female (60%) which have age between 20-59 years, educated in under graduation (68%), live in Amphur Muang, Nongkhai (74%) and use Universal Health Care Coverage Service (60%). According subject opinion, impress in waiting time: 59.1%, impress in place where is waiting for medication: 69.8%, impress in queue system: 81.0%, impress in counseling: 86.7%, impress in service mind officer: 86.9% and impress in overall service: 78.4%. The data of close question in questionnaire is subject advice in topic of waiting time (80.9%), which investigated in 3,262 prescriptions. The results indicated to Monday is the most of prescriptions (723 prescriptions). The average of prescription is 652.4 a day which found that congested time between 9.00 AM.-12.00 PM. (60.5%). Moreover, the item of medication in prescription is average to five items, waiting time is average to 30.9 minutes/prescription. We found that the longest waiting time is 46.2 minutes on Monday, on the other hand, Friday is the shortest waiting time (11.5 minutes/prescription). Pre-dispensing process is spend time 11.5 minute which is the longest time in all process. Room No.1 of pharmacy department spend time 18.1 minutes for prescribing service while room No. 2 spend time 10.0 minutes for key label process. The data of prescriptions (1,488 prescriptions) during 10.00 AM.-12.00 PM., the waiting time is 15 minutes (16.1%), amount of patient who have waiting time over 30 minutes  is 43.9%. Moreover, the patient who have waiting time over 1 hour is 13.1%. The conclusion of study is waiting time of  out-patient department service is low standard which problem will improve for satisfaction of out-patient department service in Nongkhai hospital.  Key word: Satisfaction,   waiting time


The UN Climate Change Conference, held in Bali, Indonesia from 3rd– 14th December, 2007, achieved worldwide and intense media attention. It was attended by 11,000 participants, including over 180 country delegations, together with UN agencies, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organisations and the media. Tourism was represented through the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO1). UNWTO organised a side event as part of the UNFCCC summit, as well as a national climate change event in partnership with the Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The outcomes of the Bali Summit are positive. Bali provides a common platform for climate negotiations over the next two years with every country on board. The Bali Action Plan, however, has been criticised for its generic nature and lack of clear emission targets. While it requests 'deep cuts' in global emissions, it does not specify how, by whom and by when. The role of developing countries in climate change mitigation remains largely open at this stage. As can be expected, tourism was only at the margins of the negotiations and discussions, but notwithstanding this, most of the issues that were debated are highly relevant for tourism. As a result of its cross-cutting nature, tourism could be seen as a microcosm of the more generic perspectives and concerns emerging in Bali. If tourism was a country, it could compare with India, given its high emission intensities and significant annual growth rates, coupled with little prospect of reducing emissions from its core activities (transport and, in particular, aviation). In October 2007, the UNWTO's 2nd International Conference on Tourism and Climate Change, held in Davos, Switzerland, had led with a stance akin to that of the European Union (albeit without targets), highlighting in the Davos Declaration the urgency for tourism to:


More Calendars from WinCalendar: Oct 2014 Nov 2014 Dec 2014 There willl be a Facebook page set up for students to check details, etc. and to stay updated on any changes to class times or location. There will also be a sign up sheet hanging outside of the athletic offices on the wall for each class. Students MUST sign up no later than 15 minutes before the class starts so that we know how many people will be participating in the class. AD BB Boot Camp 6pm Boot Camp 12:15 Boot Camp 1pm Boot camp 7am AD BB BB Boot Camp 6pm Boot Camp 12:15 Boot Camp 6pm 1pm Boot Camp 1pm Boot Camp 12:15 Fitness! Boot Camp 1pm Boot camp 7am Boot Camp 7am Freaky Friday AD BB BB Boot Camp 6pm Boot Camp 12:15 Boot Camp 6pm 1pm Boot Camp 1pm Boot Camp 12:15 Fitness! Boot Camp 1pm Boot camp 7am Boot Camp 7am Freaky Friday AD BB AD BB Boot Camp 6pm Boot Camp 6pm 1pm Boot Camp 1pm Boot Camp 12:15 Boot Camp 1pm Boot Camp 12:15 Fitness! Boot camp 7am Boot Camp 7am Freaky Friday Boot Camp 6pm AD Boot Camp 12:15


Abstract : Efforts in this project focused on H2/biofuels production and metabolism in eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. These research efforts led to over thirty-four publications in the three-year project performance period, including publications in the top tier journals Nature Communications and Science. A principal focus in this iteration of research was the development of new model systems for algal H2 and biofuels production. This led to the genome sequencing of Nannochloropsis gaditana and the development of genetic transformation protocols for this algal. These results were published in Nature Communications and this alga is poised to become a new biotechnologically relevant model system. We also successfully developed fatty acid and terpenoid biosynthesis/secretion modules in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. This very promising approach allows the transformation of sunlight to biofuels that are secreted and do not require costly phototroph harvesting, dewatering and deconstruction steps to obtain the biofuel precursors.


This paper is concerned with the design of reliable H221E; fuzzy controller for continuous-time nonlinear systems with time delay and actuator faults. Based on a parameter-dependent Lyapunov Function and general actuator failure (which covers the cases of normal operation, partial degradation and outage), a novel design method of reliable fuzzy controller for T-S Fuzzy system with time varying delay is proposed. The corresponding closed-loop system is asymptotically stable not only when all actuator components are operating well, but also in the presence of some actuator failures. Sufficient conditions are proposed in Linear Matrix Inequality (LMIs) terms by employing different model transformations and techniques. Simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


JIPITEC 9 (2018) 2 - The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes a significant burden of compliance on overseas businesses which process personal data of EU individuals. An impressive number of articles warns about the new risks incurred by data processors around the world; be they one of the Internet giants, or a non-EU company which dared to offer goods to EU consumers, or that had the idea to use cookies on its website to track EU consumers. However, does the EU actually have the necessary means to ensure that the rules are followed by all? And if not, is the EU equipped to enforce compliance? Those are legitimate questions in the light of the context in which the EU has extended its jurisdiction. Not only has it been decided unilaterally, but such rules are to be enforced in cyberspace, in an international context, and on operators, which may not have any physical presence in the EU. One may think that processors have no reason to panic, there is little chance that the GDPR enforcers will find them and force them to comply under the threat of fines. Yet, internet users witness an undeniable wave of change in the terms of the use and processing of data on a majority of websites. Does this phenomenon reveal a real power of enforcement on the EU side? This work attempts to answer this question by analysing two factors which greatly impact the efficiency of extraterritorial claims. First, the legitimacy of the extraterritorial claim. Through the application of international law principles, it will be seen that the extraterritorial claim of the EU, despite its broadness, is rather legitimate and even part of a shared tendency among jurisdictions around the world to extend the reach of data protection laws. Second, the enforcement tools of the regulation. This work reveals that the EU may benefit from some direct enforcement tools such as representatives and international cooperation, but also, and more importantly, through indirect means. In particular, the EU may rely on the risk of reputational damage, the incentives to self-compliance, and the rules on data transfers to third countries.


Aspergillus niger is a species of nematophagi whose existence is very widely available in nature which is commonly found in various habitats and soil types, both tropical and subtropical. Aspergillus niger can be an environmentally friendly alternative control, because it acts as an antagonistic fungus, one of which is in inhibiting the development of Cercospora arachidicola fungus that causes leaf spot disease. This study aims to determine the effect of biological agents Aspergillus niger in inhibiting the growth of leaf spot disease Cercospora arachidicola in vitro. This research was carried out from September 2022 to December 2022 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of Jember State Polytechnic using a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design (RAL). Treatments include: A0: 0% (aquades), A1: 10% (10 g/100 ml), A2: 15% (15 g/100 ml), A3: 20% (20 g/100 ml), A4: 25% (25 g/100 ml), A5: 30% (30 g/100 ml). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if the data differed markedly, then continued with the 5% BNT Test. The results of the study for the percentage of inhibition of each treatment were, A0 (0%) = 0%, A1 (10%) = 41,11%, A2 (15%) = 44,44%, A3 (20%) = 60,47%, A4 (25%) = 61,27%, A5 (30%) = 65,07%


Squamous metaplasia in the breast is well documented. However, the putative cell of origin for the squamous epithelium is not clear. This paper describes a case of fibroadenoma of the breast with myoepithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. The histological finding of transition between myoepithelial cells and squamous cells and the immunohistochemical expressions of actin and S‐100 in the metaplastic squamous cells support the myoepithelial origin of squamous epithelium in the breast.


Objective To compare the effect on cerebral blood flow of scalp acupuncture on the affected side with on the unaffected side in stroke patients.Methods Thirty stroke patients were given scalp acupuncture at the anterior oblique parietotemporal line on the affected side and on the unaffected side.Transcranial Doppler(TCD) was used to compare systolic flow velocities in anterior,middle and posterior cerebral arteries between the two methods in the patients.Results Scalp acupuncture at the anterior oblique parietotemporal line on either the affected or the unaffected side increased bilateral cerebral blood flow.There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in both methods(P0.05).There was no statistically significant post-treatment difference in cerebral blood flow between acupuncture at the anterior oblique parietotemporal line on the affected side and on the unaffected side(P0.05).Conclusions Scalp acupuncture on either the affected or the unaffected side can improve cerebral blood flow in stroke patients.Scalp acupuncture at the anterior oblique parietotemporal line on either the affected or the unaffected side can clinically be used to treat stroke patients.


Medical expertise includes knowledge of modern interventions as well as the incorporation of ethical considerations and patient goals as they relate to treatment decisions. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Mushrooms are considered to be a complete, health food and suitable for all age groups, child to aged people. Mushrooms are rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. In addition to good quality protein, no cholesterol, high fiber, low sodium, good quantity of vitamins and minerals, the mushrooms also have bioactive compounds like b-glucans, protein polysaccharide complexes that impart unique medicinal values like anti cancer and anti-viral properties. With ever increasing demand for quality food, mushroom cultivation is emerging as an important activity in different parts of our country. This activity requires very little land and can be good source of employment for small and landless farmers, educated youth and women in rural areas. The two primary inputs for mushroom cultivation i.e. agro-wastes and labour, are easily available in our country. Integrating mushroom cultivation in existing farming systems will supplement the income of rural masses, provide gainful employment and will lead to inclusive growth as all sections of society can adopt this venture. In this research paper an attempt is made to explore the commercial utilization of mushroom cultivation in Assam and also to suggest policy implications.


The main objective of this research is to use prediction markets as negotiation agents, for supporting R&D portfolio management. To support this research, we iteratively designed, developed, operated and evaluated several prototypes. We start by presenting the weaknesses of the current techniques for managing R&D portfolio. Then, we intend to demonstrate that prediction markets correct these weaknesses in R&D portfolio management. Furthermore, following a design science paradigm, we illustrate the design of our artifacts using build-and-evaluate loops supported with a field study, which consisted in operating the prediction markets in different settings.


Objective:To study the clinical treatment and effects for PIH.Method:160 PIH patients were selected in our hospital from March 2011 to March 2013,they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the the control group,80 cases in each group.The patients of two groups were given conventional spasmolysis,antihypertensive,sedation,expansion and diuretics therapy,the experimental group was treated combined with salvia miltiorrhiza injection on the basis of conventional treatment,the clinical effects and maternal and neonatal outcomes of the two groups after treatment were observed.Result:The cure rate and total effective rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the caesarean delivery rate and the rate of postpartum hemorrhage,abnormal fetal heart,asphyxia neonatorum in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,there were statistical differences between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:In the conventional antispasmodic,antihypertensive,sedation,expansion and diuretic treatment combined with salvia miltiorrhiza injection,it can effectively improve the clinical efficacy,improve maternal and neonatal outcome,has a significant clinical effect,higher application value.


An investigation is made on the applicability of method of representing by Cartesian grid to calculate flow over natural terrain. Model hill geometry with different maximum slope angles is chosen and calculations by both Cartesian and Boundary-fitted coordinate representations are made. Computations are performed for laminar flow at different Reynolds numbers and turbulent flow conditions. Results in terms of mean velocity distribution, streamline, vorticity distribution and velocity vector close to the surface are analyzed and discussed. The study indicates that to calculate flow over undulating natural terrain, rectangular coordinate method of representing the geometry is able to capture most of the flow phenomena and it can be a viable alternative.


In this paper, we have research about the methods of key frame and feature extraction of video shot, and proposed a method for the content-based video shot classification which we applied in video classification for cartoon and non-cartoon shot.In our experiment, feature extraction is the first step.Then MI is employed to analyze discriminative power of different features.Finally, SVM is employed as the classifier to validate the results for different feature combinations.


The paper generates the approaches as special cases of a general model, find ing out the assumptions necessary to produce their propositions. The mone tarist propositions essentially follow from perfect capital mobility, whereas those of the Keynesian elasticity-absorption approach are a consequence of the "Keynesian neutral monetary policy" assumption. This and the fixed-income version of the monetarist approach turn out to be independent special cases of the general model, each approach abstracting from what the other is analyzing. However, the "orthodox neutral monetary policy" version of the Keynesian approach nests the basic monetarist model. Several results, such as the addi tional assumptions required for the monetarist effects and the inappropriate ness of describing this approach as a long-run theory are also derived.


Genome-wide association studies identified numerous risk loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. This study demonstrates the development of a highly sensitive label-free quantitative DNA-protein interaction approach to identify cis-regulatory variants within those loci and to uncover the affected mechanisms by identification of allele-specific transcription factor and cofactor binding. The findings at PPARG locus improve understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying genetic associations and support the "multiple enhancer hypothesis".


The syntheses of new hexa- and 1,2,4,5-tetra-1-pyrrolylmethyl-benzene (1 and 2, respectively) compounds and their crystal structures, along with those for the related disubstituted o-, m- and p-di-1-pyrrolylmethyl-benzene (3–5) derivatives are reported. The arrangements of molecules in the 1-D structure for 2–5 are controlled by the interplay of two different weak interactions: π–π and C–H⋯π
 (Ph) interactions. The absence of such interactions in the packing of 1 seems to be related to the arrangement of the pyrrolylmethyl arms with respect to the benzene core, which prevents the π cloud of the aromatic ring to be part of any intermolecular interaction. In addition, C–H⋯π
 (pyrrolyl) interactions are found in the 2-D structure for most of the compounds in the solid state.


The main objective of thesis are twofold: to analyze the competitiveness of the Thai Non-life insurance companies in the era of liberalization in the insurance sector and to recommend measures for improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the non-life insurance industry in the wake of global trade and investment liberalization.


Author(s): Yandala, Deb; Wright, Katie; Sanchez, Jesus | Abstract: How an park conservancy leveraged partnerships to build a very successful environmental education program in an urban national park.


In traditional SIMPLE algorithm procedure,the predicting of reservoir temperature,flow field and pressure field are obtained and rectified at each time step with low efficiency.Based on the theory of SIMPLE pressure correction,this paper proposed a parallel computation scheme in which velocity field and scalar equations are treated side by side,also the coefficient matrix preparation and equation solution are treated side by side.The scheme is applied to the laterally averaged 2D reservoir water temperature model.The parallel result calculated on a Intel 4-core processor is the same with the serial computation,but the parallelism improved the performance efficiently with its speedup index reaching 1.5.


Total intravenous anesthesia is used in less than 10% of operations in the UK. Many pediatric anesthetists in the UK and Ireland administer total intravenous anesthesia to children using a mixture of propofol and remifentanil in the same syringe. This unlicensed drug has not been studied clinically, because of lack of Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK) or Food and Drug Administration (US) approval to undertake such studies.


The Indonesian Movement Helps organization located in China helps Indonesian students while studying in China, but some Indonesian students initially had difficulty communicating with the organization. Many Indonesian students are victims of irresponsible scholarship agents. This research aims to analyze the communication barriers of the Indonesian Movement Helps organization in helping Indonesian students in China. This research method is qualitatively descriptive with data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews. Data analysis techniques using SWOT analysis. The results found a communication model of Indonesian student organizations in China through the internalization of the climate and culture of the word of mouth communication in Indonesian Movement Helps. The substance of this research is the communication model of Indonesian student organizations in China through the internalization of climate and culture of the word of mouth communication that can be applied to student organizations in other countries.


Up-conversion nanoparticles with Er doped or Yb,Er co-doped were synthesized using hydrothermal method.Effect of EDTA on the performance of up-conversion materials was studied.The results of SEM and TEM measurement indicate that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) makes up-conversion materials scatter,which cause to form nanoparticels.The nanoparticels showed a spherical shape with an average size of about 40 nm.In addition,the results of XRD and absorption spectra measurement show that phase transition is contributable to the enhancement of up-conversion absorption because of the addition of EDTA.


Leveraging Biological Identifier Relationships and Related Documents to Enhance Information Retrieval for Proteomics Andrew Smith, Kei Cheung, Michael Krauthammer, Martin Schultz and Mark Gerstein Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Computer Science, Center for Medical Informatics, Department of Genetics, Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA Corresponding Author


(57) Abstract: cluster configuration database is a distributed configuration database consistent copy of the configuration database is held in each active node of the cluster. Each node in the cluster maintains its own copy of the configuration database, the operation of the configuration database can be performed from any node. Update a configuration database is automatically transmitted to each node in lock step manner. If any of the nodes in the error occurs, the configuration database uses a reconfiguration protocol in order to ensure consistency data for each node in the cluster. Cluster configuration database uses a consistent update framework for two levels, to ensure consistency data between nodes. Each local configuration database, uniquely identifies each copy of the configuration database uses a proprietary consistent recording, stamps. Individual consistency of each copy of the configuration database can be confirmed by the consistency record. Furthermore, the cluster configuration database uses a two-phase commit protocol to ensure consistency across nodes copy of the configuration database. Cluster operations may be performed from any node in the cluster. The cluster operation, restore, checkpoint, update, include query and consistency checking. Each node, since the local copy of the configuration database is maintained, query the configuration database is a local operation, can be performed in parallel among the nodes. Update operation is a global operation including each active node of the cluster. Cluster configuration database, use the global lock mechanism to implement a single write / multiple read semantics.


Preface The Public and the Public's Publics by Martin E. Marty Can Religion Be Religious in Public? by Phillip Hammond Public Religion vis-a-vis the Prophetic Role of Religion by James E. Wood, Jr. Multiculturalism and Public Religion: Is There a Common American Culture? by Robert N. Bellah Why Study About Religion? The Contribution of the Study of Religion to American Public Life by Jacob Neusner and William Scott Green Table Manners: Sitting Around the Public Table by Peggy L. Shriver Public Religion and Economic Inequality by James D. Davidson and Ralph E. Pyle Religious Identity and Public Discourse: On the Importance of Common Ground in the Public Church by James R. Kelly Religion Out of the Closet: Public Religion and Homosexuality by James K. Wellman, Jr. Public Religion and New Religions by James T. Richardson Public Religion and Hegemony: Contesting the Language of the Common Good by Rhys H. Williams The Public and the Pubic: Is Nothing Private Any More? by William H. Swatos, Jr. Selected Bibliography Index


Ruminants make large contributions to sustainable agriculture by converting crop by‐products into agricultural food. Multi‐omics integrative analysis helps to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. The liver metabolome‐transcriptome interface (LMTI) in dairy cows, including 3938 significant correlations (p < 0.01 and |ρ| > 0.6) among 772 genes, 306 metabolites, and 305 microRNAs, is first demonstrated. How different crop by‐products, corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS), affect the liver metabolic functions based on the LMTI is further analyzed. Compared to the CS‐fed cows, 13 out of 24 metabolites have lower relative concentrations (variable importance projection > 1.0 and p < 0.05), and 51 out of 68 genes are downregulated in the RS group (p < 0.01 and fold change < –2). Integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal that lipid metabolism is most enriched including 14 subpathways. The altered metabolites and genes revealed the enriched ketogenesis induced by the linoleic acid pathways (p = 0.017, topology value = 1), which is supported by blood and histomorphometric phenotypes. The above results indicate the foreseeable liver metabolic disorders when RS is fed to cows. These findings provide new insights into the liver metabolic mechanism and into crop by‐products utilization using integrative omics technologies.


'Jumong' and 'Alpamish'are among the most important epic poems in Korea and Uzbekistan. Jumong is one of the most famous heros in Korean history and...


We present two extensions of Communicating Sequential Processes [HO78]: computed communication targets and unspecified communication targets, as well as corresponding extensions to the system of cooperating proofs [AFR80] for verifying distributed programs. These extensions are important for the natural expressibility of many distributed programs. Examples of the use of these extensions are discussed and verified.


The Membership of the Royal College of Physicians part two examination can be daunting, particularly for those with little experience of the NHS. Norildin Al-Refaie and Ahmed Sabra give their tips for success


In the field of target tracing the centroid target tracking algorithm is widely used, especially when the background is sim-ple like sky. It has higher trace precision and is robust and can realize automatic target capture. But when the image has uneven background and the target and background is close in gray-level, the target capture capacity will be affected severely. The image processing method based on swarm intelligence is applied in the small target detecting in uneven background in this paper. The a-gents search for the global optimal solution by means of adapting to different local environments after their parameters and behaviors prescribed by the relevant moving rules are predefined. According to the different features of the target and the uneven background image detected by the algorithm, the small target is detected in the uneven background after filling and filtering.


A 48-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain and was admitted for further examination. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a solid tumor with calcification in the small intestinal mes-entery. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor was visualized as a low signal intensity on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images and as a slightly high intensity on fat suppression T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted images. We were unable to exclude the possibility of a malignant tumor. The tumor was resected and sub-sequently diagnosed as Castleman's disease (hyaline vascular type). Abdominal Castleman's disease is rare, with only 68 cases reported to date. Here, we present our case and a summary of the reported cases in Japan. Abdominal Castleman's disease is rare, and only 68 cases have been reported in Japan until date. Here, we present our case along with a summary of the reported cases in Japan.


This article reports the results of a 1987-1988 survey of 451 municipal managers regarding the use and perceived effectiveness of numerous management tools. Viewed in conjunction withfindings from two earlier surveys, the data presented in this article reflect the continuation of the "boom in management tools" and show that the public manager's tool kit has both expanded and stabilized over the past decade. Techniques such as program budgeting, management by objectives (MBO), performance monitoring, and program evaluation have indeed become staples of modern municipal management during this period, while several more recent tools such as financial trend monitoring, multiyear forecasting, strategic planning, and quality circles have experienced rapid diffusion in local government. The positive effectiveness ratings accorded to most of these tools seem to reflect a high level of enthusiasm and suggest that the further development and adaptation of new management systems will continue to be of major interest to municipal managers well into the future.


Method in a waste handling system, in which method waste or recyclable material is transported in carrier bags, bags or sacks (1 ) from a disposal point for further processing A closing means (2), which is provided with an RFID identifier (3), is used in closing, or as verification of the closing of, the carrier bag, bag, sack or corresponding (1 ) used in the waste transport. The invention also relates to a closing means (2), which comprises an RFID identifier (3).


Electronic structure calculations are carried out for investigating the formation of a stable atomic gold wire on the hydrogen terminated Si(001):3×1 [H–Si(001):3×1] surface. The H–Si(001):3×1 surface is patterned in various ways by removing desired hydrogen atoms from the surface. Gold atoms are adsorbed on the patterned H–Si(001):3×1 surface at various submonolayer coverage. However, zigzag continuous Au chains are found to be favorable on patterned H–Si(001):3×1 surfaces at a 4/9 monolayer (ML) coverage. The stabilities of continuous atomic gold chains on the patterned H–Si(001):3×1 surfaces are compared. In addition, the Au chains on the patterned H–Si(001):3×1 surfaces are compared with the existing results of the favorable Au chain structures on patterned H–Si(001):1×1 surfaces [Konar et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 245411 (2008)], and it is found that a continuous Au chain on the H–Si(001):3×1 surface is energetically more favorable. Our calculations also reveal that beyond the 4/9 ML coverage, the additi...


This paper presents the control of a modular and scalable three-phase AC-to-AC converter that features small and inductance and DC cell capacitance. While the phase-leg output inductor current is controlled by its average value controller, the arm inductor currents are under the peak-current mode control so that the arm inductance can be selected to be very small and voltages of cell capacitor banks within the phase-leg can be balanced within one switching cycle. An interleaving between the pulse width modulation carrier signals of three phases is implemented to reduce the common-mode noise generated by switching the 1.7 kV SiC MOSFETS. One main controller and six phase-leg controllers are utilized to enable the scalability of the control system. Experimental tests validated the proposed control system for the converter.


The success of the mammal somatic cell cloning technology is a major break-through of the high-new-technology in biology. On the basis of analyzing the mammal somatic cell cloning technology's basic process and current research state, this paper makes a comprehensive comment on its significance and exiting problems and expects the prospect of its development.


In this article we consider the problem of estimating location and scale parameters of the Maxwell distribution from both frequentist and Bayesian points of view. Additionally, some properties of the distribution, namely, stochastic ordering, Rényi and Shannon entropies, and order statistics, are derived. Behavior of the estimators from different frequentist approaches, namely, maximum likelihood, method of moments, least square's, and weighted least square as well as Bayes estimators of parameters, is compared with respect to bias, mean squared errors, and the coverage percentage extracted from bootstrap confidence intervals. The existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimators are also discussed. The Bayes estimators and the associated credible intervals are obtained using importance sampling technique under squared error loss function. A gamma prior is used for the scale parameter and a uniform prior for the location parameter. An example with flood-level data is used to illustrate applicability of procedures discussed.


Magnetic susceptibility of Cd1-xFexTe1-ySey was found to consist of Van Vleck term (characteristic for the Fe 2+ centers in tetrahedral crystal symmetry) and temperature-dependent contribution. The occurrence of the latter indicates an existence of additional magnetic moments. We ascribe their origin to the modification of the Fe 2+ energy level spectrum induced by mixed Te—Se anion environment.


Objective: To investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which the radiographic records (panoramic and full-mouth periapical radiographs) of 80 patients, being 40 type II diabetic patients and 40 nondiabetic subjects, had the periapical and endodontic regions of all teeth present evaluated by means of the periapical index score. Data was analyzed through BioEstat 5.3TM software. Results: At least one tooth was found with apical periodontitis in 90% (n=32) of the diabetic patients and in 52% (n=21) of nondiabetic subjects (p=0.0001). Regarding root-filled teeth, 44% (n=51) presented AP amongst the diabetic patients, whereas only 17% (n=17) (p=0.0004) were affected in the control group. Conclusion: According to these results, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with an increase in the prevalence of apical periodontitis.

doi:10.5020/18061230.2014.p163


Crystals of truncated (Δ425‐461) pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent mouse ornithine decarboxylase (mOrnDC′) have been obtained that diffract to 2.2 Å resolution (P21212, a = 119.5 Å, b = 74.3 Å, c = 46.1 Å). OrnDC produces putrescine, which is the precursor for the synthesis of polyamines in eukaryotes. Regulation of activity and understanding of the mechanism of action of this enzyme may aid in the development of compounds against cancer. mOrnDC is a member of group IV PLP‐dependent decarboxylases, for which there are no known representative structures.


Sandhimita Mondal. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon pollution has far reaching implications for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem as well as in the atmosphere. It has been a problem ever since the use of fossil fuels began. The unprecedented increase of populations and also industrial development in both developing and developed countries during the last century have increased the threat of rampant pollution in the environment. Oil spills in oceans, leakages in pipelines carrying crude oil and gas exploration activities, production, refining, transport and storage of hydrocarbons like petroleum and its byproducts also contribute to the pollution. These together are threatening the lives of animals and native microbiological population in land, air and water surfaces and sub-surfaces. The process of bioremediation by microorganisms those that break down hydrocarbons can be used to purge the environment of these persistent pollutant particles. Not only microorganisms but plants too help in bioremediation (phytoremediation).This paper focuses on an updated review on bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollution by various techniques.


The UK's response to the covid-19 pandemic has so far cost the government over £124.3bn (€138.8bn; $152.1bn), according to the spending watchdog,1 close to the £140.4bn budget for the Department of Health and Social Care in England for 2019-20.2

The money covers the main actions taken by the UK government in England, funding to devolved administrations up to 4 May 2020, and subsequent large funding commitments, says a report from the National Audit Office (NAO).

Some £82.2bn was for schemes for businesses—such as job retention and loans—and £19.5bn went towards benefits, sick pay, and support for vulnerable people.

Spending on health …


We present the industry's first 5b/cell (PLC) NAND chip, fabricated in a 192-layer floating-gate (FG) technology. With a die capacity of 1.67 Tb and an area of 73.3 mm2, it delivers a record bit density of 23.3 Gb/mm2. Key innovations to enable reliable PLC operation and the features implemented to support system-level usage are described. These include: a fast soft-bit read algorithm capable of handling the presence of defective bitlines; a fast read-calibration algorithm; a reverse-read waveform to improve the read margin; SLC-write-through; and program suspend and resume algorithm compatible with the above read operations.


In this paper, we present in vivo optoretinography using a Spatio-Temporal Optical Coherence Tomography STOC-T setup. With our system, we were able to detect both fast and slow responses to a light stimulus.


The earliest settlement of Human civilization is the village. Traditional Village is a major component of the regional culture, and folk customs. Traditional village heritage is typical of the material remains of the village, with strong historical and cultural value, and it is also a strong typical representative. In this study and analysis, the in depth discussion and analysis on the status of the distribution and posting of ethnic minority village in Guangxi. Research indicates: Firstly, the density of traditional villages in Guangxi have obvious differences, the core gathering area is more prominent, and have larger influence of geographical environment factors. Secondly, traditional villages in Guangxi distribution Municipal obvious difference, more number of traditional villages Guilin, Liuzhou, Guangxi Hezhou and other northeastern region published in the National Directory of Traditional Village is more. Analyze and study the problems of their current situation, Put forward reasonable proposals on how traditional villages in minority areas in the future will be effectively protected.


Abstract Six batches consisting of different percentages of barite, kaolin and calcined alumina were sintered at 1500–1600°C for 3 h to produce self-formed mullite containing barium silicate cements. The compositions of the cement mixes were investigated using X-ray diffraction. Physicomechanical, sintering and refractory properties were tested according to standard specifications. Each of the mixes, composed mainly of varying proportions of mullite and dibarium silicate minerals, showed different behaviour. The best compromise between cementing, sintering and refractory properties was provided by the mix prepared from 60 wt-% barite, 25 wt-% kaolin and 15 wt-% calcined alumina, consisting of about 54 wt-% dibarium silicate and 33 wt-% mullite. Self-formed mullite containing castable prepared from 15 wt-% of a fine powder of the chosen mix as the cement and 85 wt-% of graded aggregate of the same mix showed good volume stability, high mechanical properties, high thermal shock resistance as well as high loadbearing capacity.


We present a search for the flavor changing neutral current decay of the top quark t → Zq with CDF Run II data corresponding to 1.9fb of integrated luminosity. The decay t → Zq is extremely rare in the standard model and a signal at the Tevatron would be an indication of new physics. Using Z+ ≥ 4 jet candidate events both with and without a loose secondary vertex b-tag, we discriminate signal from background by exploring kinematic constraints present in FCNC events. We construct a mass χ variable and fit templates to the data, taking into account shape systematic uncertainties of the χ distribution. We find a χ distribution consistent with the background expectations and employ a Feldman-Cousins limit technique to set a 95% C.L. upper limit on the branching fraction B(t → Zq) of 3.7%. The expected limit in the absence of a signal is 5.0%. This is currently the world's best limit on B(t → Zq) and improves the best published limit, which was inferred indirectly from the non-observation of ee → tq at LEP, by more than a factor of 3.5.


Higher education management has problems producing 100% of graduates capable of responding to the needs of industry while industry also is struggling to find qualified graduates that responded to their needs in part because of the inefficient way of evaluating problems, as well as because of weaknesses in the evaluation of problem-solving capabilities. The objective of this paper is to propose an appropriate classification model to be used for predicting and evaluating the attributes of the data set of the student in order to meet the selection criteria required by the industries in the academic field. The dataset required for this analysis was obtained from a private firm and the execution was carried out using Chimp Optimization Algorithm (COA) based Deep Belief Neural Network (COA-DBNN) and the obtained results are compared with various classifiers such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF). The proposed model outperforms other classifiers in terms of various performance metrics. This critical analysis will help the college management to make a better long-term plan for producing graduates who are skilled, knowledgeable and fulfill the industry needs as well.


The use of ultrasonography to examine the neonatal hip was introduced and developed by Graf. It soon became apparent that ultrasonography could provide images of the soft-tissue components of the infant hip — that is, the cartilaginous components of the femoral head and the acetabulum, the joint capsule, and the labrum. Novick et al. and Harcke et al. introduced multiplanar ultrasonography to study the infant hip in the coronal and transverse planes. Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a term used to describe an abnormal relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum. We use this term to describe dislocation, subluxation and instability when it is possible to dislocate or locate the femoral head in the acetabulum, and a whole array of abnormalities that express inadequate acetabular development. There is now ample evidence that ultrasonography can play a major role in the detection and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children younger than one year of age. In Europe it is performed by orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists, and pediatricians, whereas in the United States it is generally performed by radiologists. Most reports addressing the current role of ultrasonographic examination in the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip have been generated at large universities and in countries that have nationalized health services. Not all communities have such services, and some orthopaedists may find themselves without access to this technique. In many communities in the United States, there are three systems — radiology-based, radiology and orthopaedic-based, and orthopaedic-office-based — for providing ultrasonography for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Davids et al. reviewed the costs and benefits of each type of delivery system and found that, once expertise had been gained and start-up costs had been met, the orthopaedic-office-based system was the most convenient, cost-effective, and efficient, for patients, families, and treating physicians. This reflects the experience in other fields such as cardiology, obstetrics, and family medicine, in which the utility of office-based ultrasonography is widely recognized and the procedure has become standard. Two methods of ultrasonography of the hip are currently in use: the static technique proposed by Graf and the dynamic method described by Harcke et al.. The static method emphasizes morphology and classifies the status of the hip on the basis of angular measurements of the acetabulum. The dynamic approach consists of a multipositional evaluation that resembles the physical examination. The ability of ultrasonographic examination to demonstrate abnormalities that are not detected clinically or radiographically, as a result of its ability to image the cartilaginous components of the infant hip, has been *No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study. †Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel. ‡Orthopaedisches Spital Speising, Speisinger Strasse 109, 1134 Vienna, Austria.


In this work we present the basic considerations of the solar concentrator design, operation and automatization. This concentrator is located at Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, where the geographic and climatic conditions are ideal for its operation because it accounts with the greatest constant illumination in Mexico. We have obtained up to 1000°C of temperature concentration with the corresponding setup (with an opening diameter plate of 332 cm). In order to optimize the operation of this concentrator we use a control circuit designed to track the apparent sun position, considering the variables corresponding to the specific place. The implementation of the remote control modules based on RF is necessary because of the computer, which controls all movements of the motors, must be isolated of the environment, making a suitable and practical arrange.


The taxonomy of the genus C丑aetoptcmzs (Polychaeta, Chaetopteridae) is partly confusing although C・ van'opedatus (Renier) had been thought to be cosmopolitan and common in mud and sandy bottoms. Up to now, 6 species of the genus have beenknownfrom Japanese waters・ Here, three new species are added・ Cnaetoptems pBCi(1'cus n・ SP・ is described from material recently collected from sandy bottoms from the Izu Peninsula to the Boso Peninsula・ Central Japan・ It is oculate and characterized by an extendedflipllikeperistomium, a highernumber (ll-12) of chaetigers in thean.terior region (-region-A) , and a U-shaped tube・ ChaetopteluS JaPOnl'cus n. sp・ Was COllected from off Tokyo Bay, Tateyama, Boso Peninsula・ It is small (< 2 cm body length), and inhabits a U-shaped tube, and has characteristic ringed eyes・ Chaetoptems l'zuensl's n・ SP・ was collected from Izu Peniansula. It is characterized by the absence of eyes, a small peristomium・ a narrow wing-like notopodium of the丘rst chaetiger of the middle region (-region-B) , a long straight posterior region (-region-C) notopodia with aknob-like tip, and an epibiotic sand-formed tube・ Cnaetopten)s sp・ collected at Katsuura, Boso Peninsula, is characterized by the absence of eyes, small size and faint yellow A4 modified chaetae・ Chaetoptems takahashli'Izuka, 1911, orlglnally collectedand described from the Seto Inland Sea, is considered to be a valid species,and is characterized by the higher number ofchaetigers in region-A (12), the absence of eyes,and large body (> 30 cm body length). Ten Japanese species are compared by the morphology of the ventral glandular shield, shape of peristomium and prostomium, color and morphology of A4 modified chaetae, shape of notopodia, presence or absence of cirri on dorsal reglOn-C neuropodium, number of teeth of uncini in various places of reglOnS B and C, tube shape・ and habitats・ Lastly those Japanese species are also compared with Pacific congenerswith which it might be confused. Eijiroh Nishi : ManazuruMarine Laboratory for Science Education, Faculty of Education and Human Sciences, Yokohama National university, Iwa 61, Manazuru, Kanagawa 259-0202, Japan区∃ enishi@ynu. ac.jp・ Alarge, brilliant, 1uminescent, intertidal to deepwater chaetopterid polychaete, Chaetoptems vanopedatus (Renier) had been considered to be a cosmopolitan species, common all over the world (e.g. , Fauvel 1953, Day 1967, Hartman 1969). Recently petersen (1984a, b, 1997) confirmed that many valid species have been exactly synonymized with C vanopedatus, and recent studies of the Chaetopteridae have supported her findings (e.g. , Nishi 1996, 2002, Blake 1996, Petersen & Britayev 1997, Thompson & schaffner 2000). petersen & Britayev (1997) had reintroduced older names of the genus. In Japan and the Western Paci丘c, 10 species in the genus have been recorded : C・ macropus Schmarda 1861, C. capensl's Stimpson 1855, C. 1uteus Stimpson 1855, C. longlmanuS Crossland 1904, C・ cautus Marenzeller 1879, C. longlPeS Crossland 1904, C. ) takahashl'1'Izuka 1911, C. kagosl-mensl's Izuka 1911, C. gTegan'us Nishi, Arai & Sasanuma 2000, C・ van'opedatus (Renier) (Marenzeller 1879, Izuka 1911, Okuda 1935, Ima」1ma &Ha工tman 1964, Kohn 良 Lloyd 1973, Bailey-Brock 1987). In Australia,


Recent evidence has strongly implicated IL‐36 cytokines as key initiators of inflammation in the skin barrier. IL‐36 cytokines belong to the extended IL‐1 family and, similar to most members of this family, are expressed as inactive precursors that require proteolytic processing for activation. Because the proteases responsible for activation of members of the IL‐36 subfamily have not been reported, we have developed a method for the production of biologically active IL‐36 through introduction of a caspase cleavage motif, DEVD, within the N‐termini of these cytokines. Here, we show that DEVD‐modified IL‐36α, IL‐36β and IL‐36γ cytokines were highly soluble and were readily processed and activated by caspase‐3. Caspase‐3‐processed IL‐36 family cytokines exhibited robust biological activity on a range of responsive cell types, including primary keratinocytes. We also generated specific polyclonal antibodies against all three IL‐36 family members through immunization with purified recombinant IL‐36 cytokines. The modified forms of IL‐36 described herein will be useful for production of large quantities of biologically active IL‐36 for structure and function studies on these important proinflammatory cytokines.


This paper presents a hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm based on hybrid mutation strategy (HGSAPSO-M) to optimize economic dispatch (ED) including distributed generations (DGs) considering market-based energy pricing. A daily ED model was formulated and a hybrid mutation strategy was adopted in HGSAPSO-M. The hybrid mutation strategy includes two mutation operators, chaotic mutation, Gaussian mutation. The proposed algorithm was tested on IEEE-33 bus and results show that the approach is effective for this problem.


The article presents the results of independent study of hyperuricemia peculiarities among the women in postmenopausal period, taking into account indicators of body mass index, lipid metabolism and bone mineral density. The higher level of uric acid was found among women in postmenopausal period with maximal body mass index (BMI > 35), with the highest degree of obesity. Significant correlation was determined between uric acid and triglyceride (r = 0.26, p < 0.05), atherogenic coefficient (r = 0.24, p < 0.05) among women in postmenopausal period. The incidence of osteoporosis in women with hyperuricemia was lower than the one of women who had a normal rate of uric acid: 19 % and 34 % at the level of lumbar spine, and 17 % and 21 % at the level of femoral neck.


We have investigated the process of high-order harmonic generation in light alkanes by using femtosecond laser pulses. We show the experimental results cannot be matched by a model that assumes a single active electron only in a hydrogenic $s$ orbital. Clear evidences are shown of the important role played by the $p$-like character originating from the covalent $\mathrm{C}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{H}$ bond. By constructing a suitable mixture of $s$-type and $p$-type atomic wave functions, an excellent agreement between measurements in methane and simulations is found, thus confirming the validity of the developed method as a general tool for the analysis of high-order harmonic generation in complex molecules.


Objective To investigate the effect of Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder Combined with Zuojin Pills on improving the AD model of learning and memory ability of mice,and in hippocampus of mice brain IL-1,IL- 6,TNF- α content. Methods The 80 mice of four months old were randomly divided into normal group,model group,piracetam group,Dan Zuo group,with 20 rats in each group. Using D- gal to subcutaneous injection to make the mold preparation AD mouse model. The operation group mice by different drugs were given by gavage for 5 weeks,the mice were put to water maze test,and Radioimmunoassay was adopted to determine the content of IL- 1β,IL- 6,TNF- α in hippocampus of mice. Results Dan Zuo group can significantly improve the AD model of learning and memory ability of mice,the differences were significantly compared with the piracetam group( P 0. 01). IL- 1,IL- 6,TNF- α:Dan Zuo group decreased IL- 1,IL- 6,TNF- α,there was significant difference when compared with the piracetam group(P 0. 01). Conclusion Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder combined with Zuojin Pills can enhance the ability of learning and memory on AD mice and save memory,can reduce the content of AD in the hippocampus of mice model of IL- 1β,IL- 6,TNF- α,and has a role in the treatment of AD.


Abstract Most often when one metal in a subgroup has a higher melting point MP than another with a higher atomic number, then its Young's modulus also is higher (e.g. Be). However there are exceptional cases when for some metals (e.g. Mg) the melting point is lower and the E-modulus is higher than for the next metal with a higher AN in the same subgroup (e.g. Ca). This is explained by considering the product of density and specific heat rCp (cal/cm3) for metals with low MP and high heat required for heating to the MP.


Existing methods for generating capacity reliability evaluation do not explicitly recognize a number of operating considerations which may have important effects in system reliability performance. Thus, current methods may yield estimates of system reliability which differ appreciably from actual observed reliability. Further, current methods offer no means of accurately studying or evaluating alternatives which may differ in one or more operating considerations. Operating considerations which are considered to be important in generating capacity reliability evaluation include: unit duty cycles as influenced by load cycle shape, reliability performance of other units, unit commitment policy, and operating reserve policy; unit start-up failures distinct from unit running failures; unit start-up times; and unit outage postponability and the management of postponable outages. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation computer model called GENESIS and two analytical models called OPCON and OPPLAN have been developed which are capable of incorporating the effects of many operating considerations including those noted above. These computer models have been used to study a variety of actual and synthetic systems and are available from EPRI. The new models are shown to produce system reliability indices which differ appreciably from index values computed using traditional models which do not recognize operating considerations.


A new method is discussed for the systematic synthesis, design, and performance optimization of single-ended varactor-based 2:1 parametric frequency dividers (PFDs) exhibiting an ultralow-power threshold (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). For the first time, it is analytically shown that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-value exhibited by any PFD can be expressed as an explicit closed-form function of the different impedances forming its network. Such a unique and unexplored property permits reliance on linear models, during PFD design and performance optimization. The validity of our analytical model has been verified, in a commercial circuit simulator, through the time- and frequency-domain algorithms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new synthesis approach, we also report on a lumped prototype of a 200:100 MHz PFD, realized on a printed circuit board (PCB). Although inductors with quality factors lower than 50 were used, the PFD prototype exhibits a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-value lower than −15 dBm. Such a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P_{\mathrm{ th}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-value is the lowest one ever reported for passive varactor-based PFDs operating in the same frequency range.


Logistic regression with l1 regularization has been proposed as a promising method for feature selection in classification problems. In this paper we describe an efficient interior-point method for...


This paper presents an attributes acceptance sampling procedure where several measurements are available on each item in the sample set. It is thus especially relevant when these measurements on each item are correlated; usual procedures cannot account for correlations. Correlations are considered by using a classification rule to assign the attribute good or bad to each item in the sample set; this rule uses the non-parametric k-nearest neighbor estimator. The test by which the lot is accepted or rejected, based on the outcomes of the rule for all items in the sample set, is the same as in acceptance sampling by attributes. The estimator has only to be compensated for errors at the level of the classification rule. This procedure has been used since 1978 in industry, thanks to a software package which implements it. Applications have mostly been to process quality control and mechanical parts. The procedure has the interesting feature of applying under relaxed assumptions on the distributions of the measurements on the bad items. The numerical example covers such a case. Because the classification rule operates individually on each sample item, nothing is changed in the definitions of the acceptable quality level and the limiting quality level. They apply to the whole lot. This is true because the multivariate measurements on each item are aggregated into a binary attribute on each item, as in classical sampling by attributes.


An experiment in selection for the number of secondary vibrissae in the house mouse is being conducted on a stock in which the tabby (Ta) gene is segregating. A maternal effect on the vibrissae scores of the progeny of mutant females was observed. This has been investigated in the selection line, stocks derived from it, and Ta/inbred backcross stocks.


Abstract The pathogen of a bacterial leaf spot disease of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902.This is the first record of the disease, brown spot, for New Zealand. The pathogen can be differentiated from other pseudomonads isolated from diseased bean leaves by a serological test and peach seedling inoculation.


Geometric parameters of the title compound, C14H11N3O3S, are in the usual ranges. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, the molecules form centrosymmetric dimers connected by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The molecule is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for all atoms = 0.268 A); only the torsion angles about the C—C bond between the carbonyl group and the nitrophenyl ring [O—C—C—C = −157.92 (16)°] and about the C—N bond between the phenyl ring and the amide group [C—N—C—C = 15.9 (3)°] differ significantly from 0 or 180°.


Society's' growth of use on mobile devices makes the study of batteries a really important subject. Mobile phones and electric vehicles are, among others, battery dependent devices. Li-ion cells are the main choice for battery dependent applications. Different charging of cells as they age put the balancing management systems on the spotlight as a study subject. This paper proposes a balancing management system (BMS) for improving the capacity usage and lifespan of Li-ion batteries. Algorithms to implement the proposed BMS are proposed and experimental results are obtained for multiple battery packs with up to 192 series cells. Keywords—BMS; Battery Charge Equalization; Cell Balancing; Battery Management System.


This report is a manual for the valiant little terminal. Information covered in this report is as follow: an introduction to VLT; installation; starting up; text screen menus; graphics screen menus; introduction to VLT's scripting facility; quick reference section; and troubleshooting.


BACKGROUND: Craniometric indicators are one of the most reliable sources of information about the population. Despite the development of genetic methods, skull measurements are extremely important in anthropology and forensic medicine. In addition to the history of population development, environmental factors such as climate and lifestyle contribute to variations in human skull shape. Due to the high variability of human individuals, the anthropological study of the population is carried out selectively, with a comparison of different population groups (ethnic, professional, age, gender). The lack of clear ideas about the typical parameters and proportions of the skull among the people of Kazakhstan creates a certain gap in forensic-medical identification.
AIM: The aim of the work is to check the hypothesis about the relationship between variations in skull morphology and changes in craniometric indicators with climatic conditions and the specifics of lifestyle in populations living in different territories of Kazakhstan.
METHODS: 187 male and 114 female adult skulls found on the territory of the two largest regions of Kazakhstan were examined. The variable variability of 25 craniometric indicators of skulls found on the territory of Central and South Kazakhstan was studied. All osteometric changes were performed using standard anthropometric instruments, followed by the calculation of craniometric indices. Multidimensional statistics were applied.
RESULTS: The two populations demonstrate differences in craniometric indicators formed in different geographical and ecological conditions, regardless of gender. It was found that the sizes of the skulls found in the two studied regions of Kazakhstan statistically significantly differ in 5 craniometric indicators for men and 8 craniometric indicators for women. Significant changes were noted in the size of the full and upper height of the face, the average width of the face, the height of the body of the lower jaw and the height of the nose in men.  The most dimorphic variables for forensic medical evaluation in the studied populations of female skulls were transverse, altitudinal and zygomatic diameters, mastoid width, width of the base of the skull, width of the occipital foramen, upper face height and nose height. The shape of the skulls found in the studied territories is predominantly brachycephalic. The cranial index was >81.1% - at men, 83% - at women. The study showed that race affects the size of the skull, regardless of gender. Craniometric parameters in male and female skulls vary according to different criteria. In women between races, there are statistically significant differences in the size of the width of the occipital foramen and the average width of the face. Statistically significant differences in the width of the base of the skull, the zygomatic diameter and the average width of the face between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid races were revealed in the studied regions in men. The established differences made it possible to form additional differential diagnostic criteria.
CONCLUSION: Identification of the features inherent in the population living in certain territories provides auxiliary information for medical and forensic identification of a person. In this study, population-specific craniometric indicators have been developed for inhabitants of two regions of Kazakhstan, which expand and complement identification capabilities when categorizing skeletal remains found in these territories.


Dear Editor-in-Chief, Obesity is characterized as one of the leading health problems facing modern society, and scientific technological advancements has led to constant progression in body mass of many of young people (Thun, Apicella, & Henley, 2000;Bukara - Radujkovic, & Zdravkovic, 2009). First sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 63 boys, while the second sub-sample consisted of 69 girls. According to research so far, the normal value of V.F.A. for ages 10 to 15 is set at 68.57 cm2 for both genders (Lee, Park, & Yum, 2012), and the normal level range is set from 1 to 9.


Let $M$ be either the 2-sphere $\SS^2 \subset\RR^3$ or the hyperbolic plane $\HH^2 \subset \RR^3$. If $\Delta(abc)$ is a geodesic triangle on $M$ with corners at $a,b,c\in M$, we denote by $\alpha, \beta, \gamma\in M$ the midpoints of their sides. If $\Omega$ denotes the oriented area of this triangle on $M$, it satisfies the relations:
$$ \sin(\Omega/2) = \frac{\Det_3(abc)}{\sqrt{2(1 + \scalar{a}b)(1 + \scalar{b}c)(1 + \scalar{c}a)}} = \Det_3(\alpha\beta\gamma) \, $$ where $\scalar{\}{\}$ denotes the Euclidean scalar product for $M=\SS^2$ and the Lorentzian scalar product for $M=\HH^2$. On the hyperbolic plane one should always take the solution with $\modu{\Omega/2}<\pi/2$. On the sphere, singular cases excepted, a straightforward procedure tells us which solution of this equation is the correct one.


n this paper the author tries to explain the content of phenomena and concepts of culture and strategy in the strategic culture syntagm. Noting the ideological and political components of each strategy, there are several ways in which strategic culture can be understood. Strategy as practice and strategy as theory are treated as identity action and identity science. The broader disciplinary framework of consideration is geopolitical science, i.e. geopolitics. In relation to culture and in culture, strategy is conceptualized and implemented within the so-called soft power. In addition, strategic culture is articulated in the specific world of ideological and political processes. In the most intense dynamics of these processes, the strategic culture of conflict and war is at work. The author recalls the historical situations in which societies have been formed and organized on the basis of warrior principles. Strategic culture, therefore, has its own peaceful and military, i.e. war manifestations. Finally, the author emphasizes the importance of strategic legacy and the operation of strategies under conditions of cooperative and conflicting strategic pluralism. In doing so, one should have in mind the limitations and opportunities that condition, limit and release contemporary strategic thinking. In the author's opinion, it is only the implementation of theoretical strategic considerations based on concrete historical experience that enables more effective conclusions about the perspective of national and state future.


Summary Maxillofacial injuries now account for a large segment of patients in the casualty. This being, because of the increase in high speed vehicular traffic. A study conducted for one year, in 1983, showed that out of a total of 411 patients treated, 40% were those of soft tissue injuries of the face. Management of these wounds, after noting their site, character and time following injuries, to obtain optimum results, were carefully assessed. Gentle handling of tissues, using non reactive suture materials with accurate reorientation, gave the best results.


In this paper we present the new genre of interactive operas implemented on personal computers. They differ from traditional ones not only because they are virtual, but mainly because they offer to composers and listeners new perspectives of combinations and interactions between music, text and visual aspects. We define as a virtual interactive opera any opera implemented on a personal computer, enabling some interactivity with its audience. This new genre is not based on the simple transposition of existing operas in the framework of new computing technologies; it takes into account the shiftings of uses and meanings induced by multimedia computing, assuming they could arouse new writings and ways of creativity [Bonardi 1998b]. Interactivity is based on free choices among different paths. Only open forms that have specially been designed for listeners can enable it. This specification leads us to give up the classical narrative "aristotelician" mode. This implies two possibilities of formal and temporal articulation : • either consider the hypertext model and possibilities of automatic text generation [Balpe & al. 1996] to design an opera where hypermedia components strongly depend on text; this is the case in Jean-Pierre Balpe's Barbe-Bleue project, • or take into account the specificities of computer-aided writing to design a new kind of "musical action" as Luciano Berio [Berio & Eco 1994] defined it : "Between a musical action and an opera, there are substantial differences. Opera is based on a 'aristotelician-like' narrative mode, which tends to have priority on musical development. On the contrary, in a musical action, the musical process rules the story". We have chosen this very direction for our research and our Virtualis project. In this interactive opera, the listener wanders in an open space, being essentially guided by metaphors of music rather than combinations of narratives.


The strength of bare silica fiber in sodium chloride solutions decreases as the NaCl concentration increases. Static fatigue measurements in deionized water (pH 6) are compared to those in a 2 mM solution of NaCl (pH 5.2), both at 90°C. The pretransition stress corrosion parameter, determined from the power law, is 33 in deionized water and 18 in the NaCl soution. The effect of BaCl on the reaction mechanism in the pretransition region is investigated. The failure rate is proportional to the surface charge of silica raised to the second power.