Consumer views of public services are now recognised as an integral part of auditing. While previously consumers with an intellectual disability have been seen as passive recipients of services, a research literature is emerging which has modified this view. This paper aims to review the relevant literature and focuses on the methods used to gather consumer views of public services. Areas of application have included residential, day and therapeutic services. Most studies have found that given adequate opportunities and effective interview methods, people with intellectual disabilities can be informative, critical and reliable service evaluators. Some recommendations for optimising valid and reliable consumer views are given.


This thesis deals the application of the SMED method on production presses in the company IFE - CR, a.s. The work presented by IFE - CR, a.s., the process of working on the press, the current process changeover of the form and the proposed measures to reduce particular times of internal operations.


: We prove the existence of a ( d − 2)-dimensional purely unrectifiable set upon which a family of even singular integral operators is bounded.


Recent research has shown a persistent drop in retention as Indigenous students move towards postcompulsory education and a relative over-representation of Indigenous students in vocational education and training (VET) in schools, courses and programs. This paper reports on recent research into the success of two innovative approaches to the delivery of VET in schools, one focused on hospitality and tourism and the other on health care. It is suggested that these programs have been successful because they stretch the boundaries of VET in schools and ensure a close cultural fit between course content and the realities of local employment opportunities.


206Background: The Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS), comprised of assessment of the tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate (using Klintrup-Makinen (KM) grade) and tumour-associated stroma (TSP), h...


Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in adolescent age group. PCOS is a syndrome that affects both the body and the soul negatively, especially in the adolescent age group. Body perception in this age group, impulse to behave, visual and mental state occupy an important place in the life of the person. In this study, we aimed to discuss all aspects of adolescent PCOS. Material and Methods: Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic criteria and different treatment modalities of PCOS are discussed. The effects of lifestyle changes, hormonal therapies, insulin agents and hirsutism treatment on adolescent PCOS are described. Results: PCOS is a complicated syndrome and its diagnostic criteria have been changed over a period of time since it was first described in the year 1935. Different theories have been identified to describe the pathogenesis of PCOS in adolescents but yet no certain mechanism is clear enough to explain the physiologic process of the disease. Conclusion: Identification of PCOS during adolescent period is important in order to prevent long term sequelae. It is beneficial to set a behavior pattern in this age group with regard to appropriate diet and exercise. In this review we aimed to discuss pathogenesis of PCOS, diagnostic criteria of the disease, to define the risk factors and to overview the treatment alternatives for this age group.


Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face this competitive condition, which requires proper management of intellectual capital to support strategic competition, so that they can compete with other companies. Currently environmental awareness has become a global issue. So that SMEs should also follow suit by placing appropriate intellectual capital that has good environmental awareness. So that SME's can not only survive national competition but can sustain global markets. This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of SME's green entrepreneurial intellectual capital on performance. Especially for 100 SME's in Tangerang in several clusters. This research is an action research, the data used are primary and secondary data obtained through surveys and interviews with owners, completely by focus groups to explore information on financial data needs systems. The results show that it is proven that green entrepreneurial intellectual capital can increase the influence of business strategies on the performance of SME's. The results of this study can be used as a reference for MSME players in determining business strategy models that adopt green entrepreneurial intellectual capital to maintain the sustainability of the business.


The formation of a uniform, high tensile stress and low silicide/Si interfacial resistance nickel silicide in nMOSFET by introducing pulsed laser annealing (PLA) is reported. This annealing approach facilitated the phase transformation of nickel silicide to Si-rich NiSix compounds using a low-thermal-budget process, improves the silicide/Si interface regularity and avoids familiar (111) NiSi2 facet formation at a laser energy of 1.5 J cm � 2 . By increasing laser energy density up to 2.3 J cm � 2 , the device performance and statistics junction leakage distribution were degraded due to the increased sheet resistance of silicide layer and the destroyed silicide/Si interface morphology. When the PLA with a laser energy density of 1.5 J cm � 2 was employed for nickel silicidation on the p-type Schottky diodes, a 0.16 eV hole Schottky barrier height (SBH) increase from 0.52 to 0.68 eV was observed. In addition, the


Based on the experiment platform we designed,the angular correlation between the γ rays(1173.3keV and 1332. 5keV) from60 Ni cascade transition is measured by the NaI and LaBr3 detectors. According to the actual experiment situation,the theoretical value is modified. It is shown that the modified value and the experimental value are in agreement well,namely,the transition form we confirmed from experiment is just the actual one. It is proved that our equipment and method are effective and can be applied to analogous experiments on γcascade transition. This experiment is helpful to get students further understanding on γ transition.


The file allocation problem in a distributed computing system involves the determination of the number of copies of each program/data file that must be maintained in the system, along with the computer nodes where these copies will be located. Available formulations for the file allocation problem incorporate either operating costs or system performance measures (e.g. response time), but not both, as design considerations. In addition, they assume that file access patterns and various cost factors remain unchanged over time.
In this research, a decision support framework is provided for solving the file allocation problem. The proposed framework remedies the shortcomings of the available formulations, and explicitly recognizes the superior abilities of the human decision maker to perform complex tradeoffs (in this case between operating costs and response time). The proposed multi-period, multi-criteria methodology consists of three modules: (1) An integer programming formulation, (2) a system simulator, and (3) a time-cost tradeoff module. To establish the suitability and applicability of the proposed approach, a prototype has been developed and a sample problem has been solved.


Nano emulsions have practical applications in a multitude of commercial areas, such as the chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aimof this studywas to employ high energymethods to create oil in water nano emulsion using turmeric oil to evaluate their physical stability, phytotoxicity and antibacterial properties. The nano emulsion developed by phase diagram method was prepared in different ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:9 using turmeric oil, tween 20 (surfactant) and propylene glycol/ ethanol (co-surfactants). Stable emulsions were formed at acidic pH characterized by a low viscosity and increased zeta potential respectively. The average hydrodynamic size of the formulation was in the range of 65 nm using propylene glycol and 45 nm using ethanol as co-surfactants. The optimized nano emulsion was phytotoxic to corn and cucumber seeds but the extent of toxicity varied with respect to concentration of the formulation. The antibacterial studies revealed that the formulation had selective antibacterial properties on grampositive S. aureus characterized by a clear zone of inhibition.


Change your habit to hang or waste the time to only chat with your friends. It is done by your everyday, don't you feel bored? Now, we will show you the new habit that, actually it's a very old habit to do that can make your life more qualified. When feeling bored of always chatting with your friends all free time, you can find the book enPDF building positive participation activities for energizing your training sessions and then read it.


Introduction: The Syrtis Major Planum, originally mapped as unit Hs in the Greeley and Guest 1987 map [1], is a Hesperian (3.7 – 3.0 Ga) age, low-angle basaltic plains volcano on Mars covering ~1 % of the martian surface. The 1500 km by 1100 km edifice is composed of basaltic lava plain with a total lava thickness of ~500 m. Extensional and compressional fault systems orientated concentrically and radially from the central caldera complex dissect the flanks. There are two distinct central calderas whose floors are believed to contain evolved volcanic products. Syrtis Major has been little studied relative to other large martian volcanic terrains. Since a summary of MGS data in 2004 [2] its evolution has not been holistically investigated. We investigate the volcanic evolution of Syrtis Major Planum using the 3D visualisation software GeovisionaryTM and aim to build an architectural model of the evolution of the Syrtis Major volcanic complex. We are using volcanological studies of terrestrial analogues in Krafla, Iceland and the MandaHararo rift segment Afar, Ethiopia, to help understand the volcanology of Syrtis Major. We apply a remote sensing data collection approach using modern NASA and ESA datasets. For Mars we have used THEMIS Mosaic (100 m/pix), HRSC (12.5 m/pix) and gridded MOLA elevation data. For terrestrial sites we have utilized LiDAR data at 1 m/pix and accompanying aerial photographs for Krafla and Afar, provided by UK NERC ARSF (Airborne Research and Survey Facility) and the British Geological Survey. Lava flow mapping: From our ongoing mapping and differentiation of the unit Hs, we find lava flows 1-6 km wide, 5-30 m thick with flow field lengths up to 300 km that are distributed radially with respect to the central caldera complex. Both simple and complex lava flows commonly display medial channel and levee structures (figure 1a, b). We present initial results of our investigation into the rheological properties of the observed lava flows on the flanks of Syrtis Major (1) and use similar data from terrestrial lavas from Dabbahu (Afar) and Krafla (Iceland) to demonstrate the validity of the method. Based on these data we report the results from two simple rheological models [3, 4]. Firstly [3] a cooling limited relationship linking final flow dimensions and assumed properties of a cooling basaltic lava to the time taken for a flow to stop extending. Secondly [4] an emperical relationship linking final flow dimensions to eruption duration. Results: From an initial data set of 11 martian and 4 terrestrial flows we calculate inferred mean effusion rate and modelled durations from which we then calculate minimum mean effusion rates. Using these a)


On September 21, 2017, a large fireball appeared
over the Netherlands and vanished over the North
Sea. Scores of eyewitness reports with descriptions
of the phenomenon arrived through our notification
e-mail address firstname.lastname@example.com. By studying these
reports, given with varying level of details, and by
comparing them with other trusted sources we may
appreciate how reliable and complete the reported
data are. This might be helpful for us to improve our
notification system in the future. Also, reports
sometimes include information not easily obtained by
other observing techniques. On the other hand, the
reporting system is useful to promote public
awareness of Earth in the environment of space.


Religious symbols in poem of a poet with a religious background can provide various interpretations in different points of view to the readers according to their understanding. Religious poems may give inspiration and motivation toward the readers with the message represented by the symbols. Symbolism can help the readers to understand the significance of the symbols representing the messages of the poem with further understanding by certain methodology and comprehensive study to analyze the symbols. Religiosity study will support the symbolism to classify and confirm the religious aspects of the symbols which related to the message about religious belief as reminder, motivation and inspiration for the readers. With a particular topic, the symbolism will have better understanding about the concept brought in the poems represented by the religious symbols. Symbolism In Jalal Al-Din Rumi's The Book Of Love, Chapter Nine: Absence 86 Jalal al-Din Rumi who known as a poet has inspired many people from his Sufi community, others Muslim and non-Muslim until common people through his religious poems include the five poems in this study which taken from The Book of Love, Chapter Nine: Absence. And these methods will be used in the study to answer the two statements of the problems regarding the symbolism and religiosity used to reveal the meaning of the poem through the symbols and the relation between the topic and the poems by connecting the symbols. The analysis of the study mostly supported by the symbolism of Charles Sanders Peirce in his theory about typology of sign which one them is the theory of symbolism regarding symbolic signs. And the support of the religiosity study is taken from the dimensions of religiosity in conventional study with four core or main things and the dimensions of religiosity based on Islamic development form which proposed Dr. Muhammad Syukri Saleh. Then, the result and the conclusion of this study describe that the messages regarding the meaning of the poems represented by the symbols are obtained through the symbolism, religiosity and the relation with the topic.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: claimed process comprises the steps that follow. First, the first range of perceived depth for component of the depth first type corresponding to the reference type component is defined for reference type. Then, second range of perceived depth for component of the depth second type corresponding to the current type component is defined for current type. Note here that said current type differs from reference type. Note here that the current type component is predicted relative to reference type component. Prediction block magnitude is adjusted proceeding from the difference between the perceived depth first and second ranges. Note also that the adjustment of said magnitudes includes the step whereat prediction block depth magnitudes are scaled. EFFECT: higher accuracy of prediction of current type component owing to adjustment performed on the basis of scaled magnitude of prediction block scaled magnitude. 40 cl, 6 dwg


Using virtual reality in the context of education is becoming important since this technology enhances learners' motivation and performance with transfer of learning, problem-solving skills, educational equity, and multisensory learning. Along with the 4th Industrial Revolution and COVID-19, the attention on virtual reality has been increased again. Some studies reviewed the trends of research on virtual reality-based education, mostly focusing on specific subject matters or areas. The purpose of the study is to investigate the change of research trends in the virtual reality-based education field by implementing the topic modeling analysis based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) technique with 6,755 articles published in the last 30 years (between 1992 and 2022). As a result of this study, it was revealed that the research on virtual reality-based education was clearly divided into the following four periods; 1992–2011, 2012–2016, 2017–2019, and 2020–2022. The main topics for each period were suggested. Here are three major findings of this study. First, it is identified that the weight of "virtual reality for learning and teaching" has increased in recent years. Second, conversely, it is identified that the proportion of "virtual reality in medical education" has decreased relatively recently. It means it is possible to interpret that the proportion of other topics has relatively increased. Third, the topics of "virtual reality education platform" and "virtual reality-based education in rehabilitation" continue to maintain a certain weight. Limitations of this study and further research suggestions are provided based on the results of the study.


Professional teachers are those who understand the four competencies, including pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies. This study is aimed at explaining two of the four competencies, which are pedagogical and professional competencies in the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum with the 2017-2018 revision in the Accounting subject. The approach used was qualitative with case study research at the State Vocational High School 1 Kraksaan Probolinggo. The results of the study show that teachers understand pedagogical and professional competencies by applying learning strategies and methods that are relevant to students' characteristics, integrating strengthening character education (penguatan pendidikan karakter or PPK), Literacy, high order thinking skills (HOTS), and 21st-century skills and the materials presented are in accordance with the core competencies/basic competencies and the indicator of competency achievement presented in the lesson plans.


For a large class of linear time-invariant systems with real parametric perturbations, the coefficient vector of the characteristic polynomial is a multilinear function of the real parameter vector. Based on this multilinear mapping relationship together with the recent developments for wlvtmic wlvnomials and Darameter domain partitioning tkchnique, iieritivd aigorithm for cbmputing the real structured singular value is proposed. The algorithm reauires neither frequency search nor ~ouZh's array symb61ic maniphations and allows the dependency among the elements of the parameter vector. Moreover, the number of the independent parameters in the parameter vector is not limited to three as is required by many existing structured singular value computation algorithms.


The 4th International Conference on Electronic Materials (IUMRS-ICEM-98), chaired by Soon Ja Park (Seoul National University), will be held at Cheju, Korea during August 24-27,1998. This is a continuation in the series of meetings held in Strasbourg, France (1992), Hsinchu, Taiwan (1994) and Boston, Massachusetts (1996). Since its inception in 1992, the ICEM has provided a forum focused on the areas of preparation, characterization, and application of electronic materials. IUMRS-ICEM98 will emphasize the latest developments in research areas of various electronic materials such as Si-based materials, compound semiconductors, electroceramics, display materials, magnetic materials, packaging, conducting polymer, and energy conversion materials. The meeting is organized by the Materials Research Society of Korea (MRS-K) under the auspices of the International Union of Materials Research Societies (IUMRS). English is the official language of the conference.


The corn intercropping different varieties of green manure and was study under the ecological conditions in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation.The results showed that the corn yield as green manuring treatment than stubble to deal with "corn / sweet clover(green manuring)," the highest corn yield than monoculture corn yield 6.37%;corn intercropping vetch,hairy vetch and potato intercropping vetch,hairy vetch in the green manure and green manure,forage yield was significantly higher than the number of plant root nodules of all treatments.Under the intercropping planting patterns,the soil water content of green manure treatment are relatively stable compared with stubble treatment.


The characteristics of the secondary electron monitor were studied with the electron beams in the energy range 1.0-1.8 Mev. Proportionality of the secondary electron current up to 120 mu a was verified and the monitor output showed a slight energy dependence. Insertion of the monitor in the beam path may cause an admixing of secondary electrons in the primary beam, but the upper limit to the ratio of this admixing is estimated to be about 0.6% of the beam current. (auth)


OBJECTIVE
Several cases of Fanconi syndrome (FS), a severe form of nephrotoxicity, have been reported in patients with HIV on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. A systematic review of the published literature on tenofovir-related FS in patients with HIV was conducted.

DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Embase were queried to identify articles in English published between January 2005 and June 2023, reporting tenofovir-related FS in adults with HIV. Preclinical studies, conference/poster abstracts, commentaries and responses, and review papers were excluded.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Of the 256 articles screened, 57 met the inclusion criteria. These comprised 37 case reports, 11 case series, 1 cross-sectional study, 1 case-control study, 4 cohort studies, 1 single-arm open-label clinical trial, 1 sub-analysis of clinical trials, and 1 pooled analysis of clinical trials.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Among 56 cases on which information was abstracted, median age at FS diagnosis was 50 years, 51.8% were men, and duration of tenofovir use ranged from 6 weeks to 11 years. Ritonavir was co-prescribed in almost half the cases. In observational and interventional studies, incidence of FS was low. Many studies reported resolution of FS symptoms after tenofovir discontinuation. All FS occurrences were identified in those on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), except for one patient on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF).

RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Continuous monitoring of signs and symptoms of renal and bone toxicity is essential for patients with HIV on tenofovir-containing therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Occurrence of FS is low in patients with HIV treated with tenofovir-based regimens. Concomitant use of ritonavir may increase risk of FS. TAF may be a safer alternative than TDF in terms of nephrotoxicity.


From 1950 onward,Beijing became one of the 39 cities in China where some North Korean workers were accepted and trained as interns.In this project of North Korean interns,the local government of Beijing followed every instruction from the central government and considered the whole program as a political task.It upheld the spirit of internationalism and provided these interns with care and convenience in every way,from their technical study to daily entertainment.When the local government of Beijing fell into a diplomatically passive position due to the leaking of new techniques,it placed priority on politics and generously made them available to North Korea for fear of damaging the two countries' relations.The project of North Korean interns came out of the two countries' agreement on the political objectives,and ended due to the deviation of their political ideologies.As an epitome of economic relations between China and North Korea,the project shows an influence that the political relation has exerted on the economic sphere,and also reflects a structural defect of the two countries' relations.


Past research on trellis-coded modulation (TCM) mostly deals with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or homogeneous fading statistics. A multicarrier scheme over TCM is proposed over nonuniformly distorted (ND) channels. We consider quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to analyze the proposed TCM, and show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The multicarrier approach effectively mitigates nonuniform distortion problem by dividing the entire band into groups of labeled carriers (subchannels with quality indexes) and weights the metrics separately according to the frequency response of the individual carrier. The optimum weight taps are shown to be inversely proportional to the noise level of the respective carrier. Furthermore, the weights are given to make the uneven noise response "flat" so that the weighting function results in a "whitening filter".


In this paper, we developed an inventory model with time dependent demand rate and Weibull deterioration. The demand rate is a linear function of time. Deterioration rate is taken as two parameter Weibull distribution deterioration. In this study, shortage are allowed and completely backlogged. The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit. The numerical example of the model is provided to illustrate the problem.


Compositions and methods for generating an immunogenic response in a human are provided herein. Such compositions comprise (ii) an immunogenic biopharmaceutical agent that is included in a drug that directs the delivery of an immunogenic biologic agent to the human ileum wherein drug (ii) is an enteric coating having a threshold pH of 5.8-6.8 For example, Eudragit®). Also provided are methods for designing such compositions, for example, for vaccines.


Abstract The force between two edge dislocations is calculated in second-order elasticity. When the configurational force between the dislocations tends to make them glide, there is no corresponding mechanical force. When the configurational force tends to make them climb, it is accompanied by an equal mechanical force which reveals itself by an elastic relative displacement of the lines of the dislocations. Combining these results with earlier results, which showed a mechanical force between an edge dislocation and a line of dilation and no mechanical force between two parallel screw dislocations, suggests the general rule that a mechanical force is present in the interaction between two elastic defects if and only if the motion of the defects under the action of their configurational force requires the motion of matter in the same direction. An anomaly in the calculation of the interaction between an edge dislocation and a line of dilation is disclosed but not resolved.


This paper provides a very general description of the BO'SUN and Sea Beam multibeam sonar systems. They are the latest multi-beam sonar systems to be marketed by the General Instrument Corporation. The data flow necessary to process the sonar signals in each system is described.


The photoexcited and ground state chiralities of enantiopure oligopeptides bearing two pyrenyl groups (DD-2/LL-2: four methylene spacer between two pyrenyl groups and DD-1/LL-1: no methylene spacer thereof) in eight common organic solvents (CHCl3, CH2Cl2, MeOH, CH3CN, DMF, NMP, DMAc, and acetone) were investigated by means of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. It was found that chiroptical signs of pyrene-origin CPL and CD signals largely depend on the nature of solvents and are susceptible to the methylene spacer. Actually, the excimer-origin CPL signs at 450–510 nm of DD-1/LL-1 in DMF were (–)/(+), respectively, while those in other solvents were oppositely (+)/(–), respectively. On the other hand, in DD-2/LL-2, the excimer-origin CPL signs were (–)/(+) in CH2Cl2 (and CHCl3), respectively, and (+)/(–) in MeOH/DMF/NMP/DMAc, respectively. The solvent dependent and the methylene spacer dependent CD sign inversion of DD-1/LL-1 and DD-2/LL-2 were also found. These results led to conclude that the solvent molecule and the methylene spacer collaboratively affect both the ground state chirality and the photoexcited chirality.


Temporary structures such as scaffolds, shelters, tents, and facilities used during the reconstruction or repair of buildings and bridges, etc., are usually constructed for a limited-time use. Although the design of such structures to dead and live loads usually does not impose any particular challenge, their design for potential seismic or wind load requires more careful investigation. This is due to the fact that the service life of a temporary structure is much shorter than a "permanent structure," and as such, the probability of load exposure to the temporary structure is substantially less. Designing a temporary structure for the same level of seismic load exposure probability than that required for a permanent structure will not be economically viable. Seemingly, it will make sense to use a reduced design load—a level proportional to the intended service life of the structure. Using a reduced load may be a reasonable assumption for a structure that is used once. However, if the decision is to reuse the structure and to keep it for a longer time than was originally intended, a question arises as to whether, with the extended usage, the safety of the structure will be compromised. This paper provides a review of available studies on seismic and wind loads for temporary structures. Further, the use of a modified risk level, estimated based on the performance record of the structure in its initial usage cycle, is suggested. This modified risk can then be employed in making a decision on whether to allow the structure to be used longer. A simple illustrative example and several conclusions are then presented in an effort to open discussions among the structural engineering community to further elaborate on the issue of design loads for temporary structures.


Introduction: One of the common complications in external fixation is pin loosening, which is suggested to be caused by stress concentration at the pin-bone interface [1, 4]. It could be minimized by utilizing improved thread profile design of the pins [4]. There have been several studies investigating the relationship between pin thread profile and pin pullout strength or pin-bone interface stress by conducting mechanical testing [2, 5] or by finite element (FE) method [3]. The thread configurations, however, in those studies were all symmetrical and no study has investigated mechanics of asymmetrical thread pins. We hypothesized mechanical performance of asymmetrical thread profile pins could be different from that of symmetrical pins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical performance of the asymmetrical pins by conducting pullout testing. Concurrently, three-dimensional FE models for the simulation of the pullout testing were created, thereby investigating the energy and stress distributions at the pin-bone interface using FE analysis. Materials and Methods: Based on ISO 9268: 1988, we manufactured three different thread profile screw pins with an outer diameter of 6mm, an inner diameter of 4.8mm and a pitch of 1.8mm made of 6 Aluminum 4 Vanadium Titanium alloy. One had symmetrical thread and the other two were asymmetrically threaded. For the mechanical testing, 6mm thick epoxy-sheets (E-glass-filled Epoxy Sheet, 3001-04, Sawbones®, Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Vashon, WA) were used as cortical bone models. Pre-drilling the model using a 4.5 mm diameter drill bit was preceded before the pins were inserted with self-tapping technique. 6 pins were tested for each thread type. Pullout testing was conducted using a metal stopper with a 14 mm diameter round hole to restrain upward displacement of the bone model. Pins were pulled up with a mechanical testing machine (Servopulser EHF-LB5KN-10L, Shimazu, Kyoto, Japan) at a cross head speed of 0.03 mm/sec, based on the ASTM, F543-02 guidelines. The load was measured by a load cell (SCL-5KN, Shimazu, Kyoto, Japan) with a range of 7.5 kN. The pullout strength was defined as the ultimate strength achieved and described as a mean and a standard deviation (SD). The results of the mechanical tests were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance. The differences were considered significant when p-values were less than 0.05. Pullout testing simulation was performed using a FE method for the asymmetrical thread pins under a condition identical to the mechanical testing. Threedimensional surface data in a computer assisted designing format for the screw pins and the cortical bone model were put into the mesh generation software (ANSYS ICEM CFD 5.1, Ansys Inc. Canonsburg, PA). FE mesh models of the pins and the bone model were created using tetrahedral elements with a variable side length of 0.5 to 1.0 mm by the oct-tree algorithm method. The average numbers of nodes and elements were 23,000 and 120,000, respectively. These meshes were imported into a finite element analysis software (Mechanical Finder software, RCCM, Tokyo, Japan). Young's moduli of the screws and the bone model were assumed to be isotropic, and assigned as that of 6 Aluminum 4 Vanadium Titanium (109.4 GPa) for the pins and that of the epoxy-sheet (12.4 GPa) used in the mechanical testing. Poisson's ratio was set as 0.28 for the pins and 0.4 for the bone model. A simulated uniaxial pullout load was applied at the end of the pin along its long axis. In order to simulate the contact interfacial characteristics between the screw pin and the bone model, node-on-node gap elements were created on the interface nodes. Virtual length of the gap elements was set as 0.1mm. Young's modulus of the gap element was set as the mean modulus of the pin and that of the bone model. The friction coefficient was set as 0.3. Linear analysis was performed with a pullout load of 4000 N. The average computing time was about 10 h. In post processing analysis, the pin–bone interface strain energy and stress concentration were assessed by analyzing the maximum strain energy density and the maximum equivalent stress (von Mises stress). The maximum strain energy density and the maximum equivalent stress were defined as the maximum values of the strain energy density and the equivalent stress of all bone elements. Results: The measured pullout strength for the type A pin was significantly higher than that for the symmetrical thread pin and the type B pin (p < 0.0001). The maximum strain energy density and the maximum equivalent stress obtained from FE analysis for each pin were listed on Table 2. The maximum strain energy density and the maximum equivalent stress for the type A pin was the smallest of all pins. Each bone element with the maximum strain energy density or the maximum equivalent stress located at the pin-bone interface of each pin-bone complex model. Discussion: From the results of the FE analysis, it was assumed the lower energy or stress concentration at the pin-bone interface of type A pin contributed to its significantly higher pullout strength in the mechanical testing. By adopting the asymmetrical thread pins, we may be able to enhance fixation by external fixators, thereby lowering the risk of pin loosening. References: 1. Aro HT et al, J Trauma, 35, 1993; 2. Halsey D et al, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 278, 1992; 3. Hansson S et al, J Biomech, 36, 2003; 4. Huiskes R et al, J Orthop Res, 3, 1985; 5. Liu J et al, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 310, 1995 Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the grant in aid of the 15th Medical Frontier Project of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of Japan.


Objective To study the prevention of strengthened rehydration combine with low-dose dopamine therapy to patients with cardiovascular vessel disease from contrast induced nephropathy(CIN)after the interventional therapy.Materials and Methods Totally 140 patients who received coronary angiography from March,2008 to September,2008 were randomly divided into two groups in this study:the hydration combined with low dose dopamine group and the control group.On the basis of hydration therapy,the treated group received strengthened hydration combine with low-dose dopamine(2 μg·kg-1·min-1)treatment.The levels of serum creatinine were measured before and 2,3 days after percutaneous coronary intervention.Results There were 3 cases(4.29%)of contrast induced nephropathy in the hydration combine with low-dose dopamine group as compared to 11 cases(15.7%)in the control group,which had significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion The strengthened hydration combine with low-dose dopamine therapy can effectively prevent from contrast induced nephropathy,and have some preventive and protective value to patients with CIN.


Including a gust analysis in an optimization framework is computationally inefficient as the critical load cases are not known a priori and hence a large number of points within the flight envelope have to be analyzed. Model order reduction techniques can provide significant improvement in computational efficiency of an aeroelastic analysis. In this paper a reduced order aeroelastic model is formulated by reducing the aerodynamic system with a balanced proper orthogonal decomposition and coupling it to a structural solver. It is demonstrated that the dominant modes of the aerodynamic model can be assumed to be constant for varying equivalent airspeed and Mach number, enabling the use of a single reduced model for the entire flight envelope. Comparison of the results from the full and reduced order aeroelastic model shows a high accuracy of the latter and a large saving in computational cost. A dynamic aeroelastic optimization framework is then formulated using the reduced order aeroelastic model. Results show that both dynamic and static loads play a role in optimization of the wing structure. Furthermore, the worst case gust loads change during the optimization process and hence it is important to identify the critical loads at every iteration in the optimization.


The problem of combining a liberal theory of political discourse with appeals to authenticity is most commonly approached either by redefining authenticity or reconceiving liberalism. In the first approach, the solution appears to be simply assuming the existence of a shared authenticity sufficient to ground a case for constraint. One example of this approach is the assertion that as a matter of empirical and historical fact, we are all cosmopolitans, capable of drawing freely from a wide range of different sources in the expression of our authentic identities. Such an assertion can be made either descriptively or prescriptively. If the assertion is intended prescriptively, as a guide for political conduct that citizens are expected to find persuasive, then it implies a deeply perfectionist program. What, after all, is the response to the citizen who insists that he does not conceive of himself as a self-created cosmopolitan? To assert that all speakers should be aware of their own authentic liberalism is to tell the dissenter that he is simply wrong about the nature of his own subjectivity. Insisting that citizens are cosmopolitans in the face of their contrary subjective experience moves us into the realm of false consciousness. This is the violence of the constative that emerges when a subjective standard is married to a pervasive perfectionism. The attempt to combine a liberal case for constraint with the politics of authenticity by an assertion about the "true" nature of others' authentic identities cannot be a satisfactory basis for a liberal theory of public reason. If the proposition is presented descriptively, it "solves" the problem of pluralism by denying its existence. The whole point of acknowledging the fact of deep pluralism as a challenge for democracy is to recognize that any theory that posits universal agreement on moral and political questions as its starting point is neither useful nor particularly interesting as a response to the conditions of modernity. A case for constraint that begins by assuming that all citizens agree with the desirability of a case for constraint is not an argument; it is either an exercise in utopianism or a profoundly dystopian prediction about the future of liberal democracy. The utopian, prescriptive version of the exercise is one that justifies a case for constraints by presuming that everyone already supports them, so that no persuasion is necessary. The utopian version thus combines authenticity with perfectionism by first defining a single ideal model of subjectivity that is required of moral agents fit for citizenship, and then making it the business of the perfectionist state to inculcate that model of subjectivity in all its citizens. The dystopian version begins with the same assumption that the success of liberal democracy depends on universally shared desirable forms of subjectivity, but then combines that assumption with a deep commitment to neutralism. The result is a descriptive statement of the conditions of possibility for liberal democracy that becomes dystopic when it is combined with the stark unlikelihood of those conditions existing in reality. In that case, the prospects for liberalism as a set of principles capable of resolving the challenge of deep pluralism are dim indeed.


We propose a novel algorithm of graph-tostring alignment that constructs automata from a sample of string sequences. While being a variant of global edit distance, the algorithm also employs graph construction operations in order to form an optimal alignment. It allows dynamic insertion of edges and nodes driven by optimization of the best string-tograph alignment score. The algorithm may be used both to derive discrete non-deterministic acceptor (or a regular expression) and to build a probabilistic generative model of an input language. An outstanding ability to produce accurate approximate models from extremely sparse training sets constitutes the main advantage of the technique.


................................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION..................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Problem statement ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Research objectives .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Research method .................................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Scope and limitation............................................................................................................. 3 1.5. Research novelty .................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 7 2.1. Construction-delay studies in the literature.......................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Challenges in delay prevention...................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Delay-causes identification studies................................................................................ 8 2.2. Introducing Failure Mode Effect Analysis Method & its applications in constructionrelated studies ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1. FMEA's elements ........................................................................................................ 14 126.96.36.199. Item. ...................................................................................................................... 14 126.96.36.199. Function ................................................................................................................ 14 18.104.22.168. Potential failure mode ........................................................................................... 15 184.108.40.206. Potential Effects .................................................................................................... 15 22.214.171.124. Severity ................................................................................................................. 15 18.104.22.168. Cause ..................................................................................................................... 15 188.8.131.52. Occurrence ............................................................................................................ 15


Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFI) employs a combination of nebulised local anaesthetics (LAs) and nerve and translaryngeal blocks to increase the patient's comfort and acceptability during the procedure. However, application of LA at sites with high absorption potential, carries the hazard of toxicity. We describe a case where a patient undergoing AFI developed lignocaine toxicity during the procedure.


This paper deals with a class of estimators of finite population mean using a combination of two mixed classes of estimators by exploring the information on two auxiliary variables. We have assumed that the study variable y is highly correlated with both the auxiliary variables x and z. The optimum properties of the proposed class of estimators is studied both theoretically and empirically. The minimum variance bound(MVB) estimator of this class is also derived and compared with several other competing estimators in terms of its bias and percent relative efficiency.


Photograph of a room under construction in the El Paso post office. It has piles of supplies and tools sprawled around the room. Support columns are holding part of the room up, and they're more finished looking. There is a skylight area and many tall windows on the back wall with light coming through.


11 In the present study, the complex modulus E* of three types of cold recycled mixtures was 12 measured in the laboratory using cyclic compression tests. The mixtures, that were produced in 13 situ using the full-depth reclamation technique, were characterised by the same 100% reclaimed 14 aggregate composition, whereas bitumen emulsion, foamed bitumen and portland cement were 15 employed as binding agents. Complex modulus testing was carried out on cylindrical specimens 16 cored from the pavement seven years after construction. A sinusoidal strain with amplitude of 17 30 microstrain was applied at testing temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C and frequencies ranging 18 from 0.1 to 20 Hz. Results showed that the time-temperature superposition principle was fully 19 verified for the stiffness modulus whereas some discrepancy was highlighted by the loss angle. 20 The Huet-Sayegh rheological model was applied to simulate the experimental data. Model fitting 21 based only on the stiffness modulus provided excellent results. Indeed, the fitted rheological model 22 was also able to simulate the loss angle variation quite well, but with some underestimation (about 23 3°) of the measured values. It can be concluded that other dissipation mechanism, in addition to 24 the "classical" viscous type, were influent for behaviour of the studied cold recycled mixtures. 25 26


AGU's 47th annual Fall Meeting, held 10–14 December 2007 in San Francisco, Calif., was the largest gathering of geoscientists in the Union's history. More than 14,600 people attended. The Space Physics and Aeronomy (SPA) sections sported excellent turnout, with more than 1300 abstracts submitted over 114 poster and oral sessions. Topics discussed that related to space weather were manifold: the nature of the Sun-Earth system revealed through newly launched satellites, observations and models of ionospheric convection, advances in the understanding of radiation belt physics, Sun-Earth coupling via energetic coupling, data management and archiving into virtual observatories, and the applications of all this research to space weather forecasting and prediction. One highlight of the "space weather" aspects of the meeting was SPA's contribution to AGU's Bowie lecture series. The Bowie lectures, inaugurated in 1989 to commemorate the 50th presentation of the William Bowie Medal (AGU's highest honor, named for AGU's first president), represent the finest research as determined by individual AGU sections. SPA presented the Nicolet Lecture, given by Robert R. Meier. Meier, a research professor of space science at George Mason University's Department of Physics and Astronomy (Fairfax, Va.) and a noted space weather scientist, spoke on the possibility of understanding Sun-Earth coupling through innovative imaging techniques. His talk, "Geospace Imaging: The Big Picture," examined advances made in the 50-year history of satellite launches. He predicted that the research field will soon be able to trace via images the paths of radiation and plasma eruptions from their origin on the Sun through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. "Images can yield superb quantitative information," Meier said. "They are not just pretty pictures." Two groups of sessions at the Fall Meeting directly concerned space weather. In the group titled "The Equatorial Ionosphere During Quiet and Perturbed Times: Recent Progress and Applications to Space Weather," speakers commented on observations and simulations of recent geomagnetic storms, including events that occurred in December 2006, November 2004, and July 2000. J.D. Huba of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL, Washington, D. C.) discussed two new NRL models that simulate the equatorial spread F (ESF), a low-latitude ionospheric phenomenon that leads to the development of large-scale electron density depletions that can significantly disturb communications and navigation systems. B.G. Fejer (Utah State University, Logan) discussed how satellite studies that compare ESF during geomagnetically quiet and disturbed times illustrate the strong longitudinal variations of the equatorial evening and nighttime drifts and their dependence on seasonal variations in ionospheric conductivity. An upgrade of instrumentation at a research facility in Sao Luis, Brazil, also enables scientists to better construct radar images of equatorial ionospheric scattering structures and ESF, according to a talk presented by F.S. Rodriques (Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.). R.L. Bishop (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, Calif.) reviewed how recent observational and modeling work links low-latitude ionospheric scintillation, which can disrupt satellite signals, with convective tropospheric storms. Other talks in this group of sessions discussed efforts to model equatorial ionospheric bubbles by the Air Force Research Laboratory in preparation for their Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) mission. These bubbles are thought to be associated with scintillation (see M.C. Kelley et al., Convective ionospheric storms: A major space weather problem, Space Weather Quarterly, 3(2), 8–13). The second group of sessions that directly involved space weather was "Advances in Space Weather Modeling and Forecasting Techniques." M. Gehmeyer (University of Colorado, Boulder) discussed three forecast models developed by the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) Science and Technology Center, showing their utility in supporting missions soon after launch, interpreting satellite data, and developing new insights into aurorae. Another talk, presented by A.A. Ridley (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), described data process-


These data are projections, 1995-2040, of changes in removals in thousand cu. ft. by survey unit, softwood and hardwood, developed using the Subregional Timber Supply Model.


How to teach Web technology through a single course is always a challenge for computer science educators because not only does Web technology update constantly, but also it covers such a wide variety of topics. In this paper, we will share our experience in teaching Web technology through a single course, particularly to discuss how a new incremental, spiral, and topic-driven approach helps students grasping sufficient-enough knowledge in Web technology so that they can establish a sophisticated-enough webbased application through a single course


On the basis of compilation of paleomagnetic direction data, the mid-Cenozoic geography and tectonic stress field of the northeastern and southwestern Japan were restudied. Variations in paleomagnetic directions among the three tectonic provinces (northern, central and western Japan) cannot adequately be explained only by the abrupt 15Ma rotation of the two halves of Honshu arc, but can be satisfied by the preceded tectonism associated with initial spreading of the Japan Basin. The major new points are: (1) counterclockwise rotation of northeastern Japan had already occurred continuously during 32-23Ma, probably followed by another counterclockwise rotation associated with the opening of the Yamato Basin around 15Ma. (2) It is until the start of 15Ma clockwise rotation of western Japan that the three paleomagnetic provinces belonged to an extensional stress field on the elongated Honshu arc along a subduction zone of the Pacific plate. (3) The later local rotation might be probable in Northeastern Honshu during 15Ma to 7Ma concerning the development of intra-arc basin.


The phosphoramidite approach has had a major impact on the synthesis of oligonucleotides. This unit describes parameters that affect the performance of this method for preparing oligodeoxyribonucleotides, as well as a number of compatible strategies. Milestones that led to the discovery of the approach are chronologically reported. Alternate strategies are also described to underscore the versatility by which these synthons can be obtained. Mechanisms of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidite activation, factors affecting condensation, and deprotection strategies are discussed.


Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision loss and decreased vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in workingaged Americans [1,2]. Both vision and VRQoL may be modified by treatment [3], and recent therapeutic advancements have provided the flexibility to customize management for the patient's individual needs. Pharmacotherapy, photocoagulation, and vitreoretinal surgery are tools that can be used to create a treatment algorithm for diabetic macular edema.


Condition monitoring of rotating electrical machinery has received intense research interest for more than 30 years. However, electrical machinery has been considered reliable and the application of fast-acting digital electrical protection has rather reduced the attention operators pay to the equipment. The area based upon current literature and the author's experience is reviewed. There are three restrictions: only on-line techniques for rotating machines are dealt with; specific problems of variable speed drives are not dealt with, except in passing; conventional rather than emerging brushless, reluctance and permanent magnet machines of unusual topology are concentrated upon. The art of condition monitoring is minimalist, to take minimum measurements from a machine necessary to extract a diagnosis, so that a condition can be rapidly inferred, giving a clear indication of incipient failure modes. The current state of the art is reviewed in the following ways: survey developments in condition monitoring of machines, mechanically and electrically, over the last 30 years; put that work in context alongside the known failure mechanisms; review those developments which have proved successful and identify areas of research which require attention in the future to advance the subject.


In this paper, we design the optimal contract when two agents can collude under asymmetric information. They have correlated types, produce complementary inputs and are protected by limited liability. Therefore, a joint manipulation of reports allows them to internalize informational and productive externalities. We show that by taking advantage of the transaction costs created by asymmetric information, even though they collude, the principal can achieve the outcome without collusion regardless of the sign and the degree of correlation. In particular, the principal can implement a non-monotonic quantity schedule in a collusion-proof way while this is impossible if collusion occurs under complete information.


This paper presents a technique to design electromagnetic devices by a combination of evolutionary algorithm and electromagnetic (EM) simulation. This technique, named simulation-driven particle swarm optimization (SDPSO), exploits particle swarm optimization (PSO) to design a microwave component matched to user's requirements. To justify the need for such SDPSO, a performance comparison is made between the presented method and built-in PSO in CST Microwave Studio by designing three spatial phase shifters (45°, 90° and 135°) at 9 GHz. Optimization results show that the SDPSO outperforms the available built-in PSO.


In the article we offer methods and ways of measuring and control of complex, informative image parameters of the iris and bulbar conjunctiva, which allow to improve efficiency of disease diagnostics and person's identification.


Asphalt pavement has been used worldwide. However, exposed to the natural environment and under the application of repeated vehicle loads, a series of typical distresses develops especially water damage. In this paper, the hydrodynamic pressure of asphalt pavement was calculated based on momentum conservation laws and verified by the hydrodynamic pressure measured in the case study engineering Xinhe-Xinzhuangzi section of Rongwu highway in Shandong Province through univariate linear regression. It was found that calculation results of equations deduced in this paper and hydrodynamic pressure measured in the case study engineering follow univariate linear regression. Therefore, hydrodynamic pressure on asphalt pavement can be calculated through equations in this paper.


The addition of THF solutions of tBuMgCl to SnCl4 in varying solvents (S) results in a dramatic change of the predominant product obtained Cl(tBu2Sn)nCl (n = 1–3). For S = THF the product obtained was tBu2SnCl2, S = toluene, benzene yields Cl(tBu2Sn)2Cl, while for S = hexane the tristannane Cl(tBu2Sn)3Cl was isolated in 45% yield. The last compound is photochemically sensitive when irradiated at 350 nm to form Cl(tBu2Sn)2Cl. Irradiation of this latter material with a 254 nm lamp results in the formation of tBu2SnCl2.


Data from three-axis magnetometers situated at two different locations on a north-south line from Churchill were fed into a PDP-8 computer at Churchill. The altitude, horizontal position and intensity of the polar electrojet were determined in real time to select the optimum launch time for rockets used to study auroral phenomena associated with substorms. During the two substorms studied, the jet was located near 140km altitude and the intensity of each was as high as 0.5 megaamps. In one case, both stations gave results similar to the two station fit, so the jet was well approximated by a line current. In the second case, the data suggest that the current was either a sheet current or a group of filaments.


Abstract This article explores the possibility of distorting the regulator's objective function as a way of overcoming the dynamic consistency problem of regulatory policy toward investment. We derive general conditions under which having the legislator distort the regulator's objective function away from social welfare allows increasing the range of parameter values for which it is possible to induce socially desirable investment. In particular, we show that when the regulator cannot commit to a regulatory policy, the legislator should give a relatively higher weight to the incumbent's profit in the regulator's objective function, if the incumbent invests, and a relatively higher weight to consumer surplus, if the incumbent does not invest.


After experiment and research,it is found that modified PVDF membrane is applicable for emulsion oil wastewater and the rejection ratio could be up to over 95% at different concentrations.The permeation reaches the country water releasing standard under 365 mg/L of feed concentration.When the feed temperature is between 20~26 ℃,the module flux could be stabilized at 38.4 L/(m2 · h) in the condition of a crossflow velocity at 2 m · s-1 after running for 4 hours.


The Swan spectrum has been obtained in carbon monoxide and in the carbon spark in the absence of hydrogen. A discussion of the results of experiment and theory leads to the conclusion that the emitter of the Swan band system is the molecule of carbon C2.


Grassland coverage, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and species composition are used as indicators of grassland degradation. However, soil salinization deficiency, which is also a factor of grassland degradation, is rarely used in grassland degradation assessment in semiarid regions. We assessed grassland degradation by its quality, quantity, and spatial pattern over semiarid west Jilin, China. Considering soil salinization in west Jilin, electrical conductivity (EC) is used as an index with ANPP to assess grassland degradation. First, the spatial distribution of the grassland was measured with information mined from multi-temporal remote sensing images using an object-based image analysis combined with classification and decision tree methods. Second, with 166 field samples, we utilized the random forest (RF) algorithm as the variable selection and regression method for predicting EC and ANPP. Finally, we created a new grassland degradation model (GDM) based on ANPP and EC. The results showed the R2 (0.91) and RMSE (0.057 mS/cm) of the EC model were generally highest and lowest when the ntree was 400; the ANPP model was optimal (R2 = 0.85 and RMSE = 15.81 gC/m2) when the ntree was 600. Grassland area of west Jilin was 609.67 × 103 ha in 2017, there were 373.79 × 103 ha of degraded grassland, with 210.47 × 103 ha being intensively degraded. This paper surpasses past limitations of excessive reliance on vegetation index to construct a grassland degradation model which considers the characteristics of the study area and soil salinity. The results confirm the positive influence of the ecological conservation projects sponsored by the government. The research outcome could offer supporting data for decision making to help alleviate grassland degradation and promote the rehabilitation of grassland vegetation.


This chapter reviews the two most common central nervous system (CNS) enterovirus (EV) infections, meningitis and encephalitis. Many patients exhibit less discrete signs and symptoms and are described as having ''meningoencephalitis.'' The EVs are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in the United States as well as an important cause of encephalitis. Autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and reactions to certain drugs are occasionally manifested as aseptic meningitis as well. Children are the primary victims of CNS EV infections. Attack rates for aseptic meningitis among athletes have been higher than those among other students during EV outbreaks. A male-to-female incidence ratio for EV infections of 1.3 to 1.5:1 has been reported. EVs are acquired by fecal-oral contamination and, less commonly, by respiratory droplet. The benign nature of EV meningitis has made human pathologic data for this disease sparse. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other findings of sepsis result in patients with illness indistinguishable from that due to overwhelming bacterial infection. One of these drugs, disoxaril, protects mice from developing meningoencephalitis due to echoviruses and cured mice of chronic EV meningitis in an experimental model. The most common CNS manifestations of the nonpolio EVs, meningitis and encephalitis, result in significant morbidity for tens of thousands of people in the United States each year.


The 2008 Olympic games in Beijing will be Providing Beijing entering into new century with historical opportunity. The Olympic will be promoting the all-round development of the metropolitan economy. Built upon the value of the capital city, representing the of the nation, Olympic culture industry is a concept extended and elaborated from a more geographical sounding term of Beijing culture industry, which is proposed on a substantial basis to reflect the cultural status of Beijing. Owing to Beijing's regional position, Olympic culture industry has its own unique quality and function along with its splendid history and predominant culture power. Taking the construction of Olympic culture industry in Beijing as a sacred mission, the intellectuals in Beijing should attach great importance to the construction of Olympic culture industry in both ideology and infrastructure, they should catch every opportunity of Olympic culture events.


This paper first briefly introduces IPv4(Internet protocol version 4) and IPv6(Internet protocol version 6),and then points out the necessity to transit from IPv4 to IPv6.Subsequently,it introduces in detail the advantages and the counterpart of the three prevalent transition techniques on safety issues and application.And finally general summarization and prospect are given in the end.


1.1. The terms sakarmaka "a verb with an object, transitive" and akarmaka "a verb without an object, intransitive" appear in PS.nini's grammar. While the later commentaries do use the term dvikarmaka "ditransitive verb", the term does not itself appear in PS.nini's grammar. One can derive constructions with two or more objects in the case of causatives, with the so-called akathita "non-characterized" object, and with adverbial accusatives (the last one especially if one accepts the traditional dictum kriydvidesandndm. karmatvam). There are numerous syntactic issues relating to each of these constructions, and more so especially with their passives. In this paper, I wish to focus particularly on the traditional examples of akathita karman and discuss certain theoretical syntactic issues pertaining to their traditional explanation. A certain basic understanding of Pfmini's kdraka system is taken for granted.


Solutions are in existence for segmentation and restoration of medical images. This paper goes a step forward by going in for establishing an framework which includes solving full domain and segmented domain demanding an unique solution. This paves way for focusing the diseased part of the organ on the image in an augmented way. Treating the full image as a domain, medical image as a separate entity and segmented region as a separate entity in the form of matrix the partial derivative equations are solved by generating the linear equations. Finding the co factored elements of this matrix to applying the gradient method to Hessian matrix forms among other matrices are part of the procedure. Use of the topological derivative is attested by the perturbed domain. Cost functional calculation is aided by this topological derivative. Perturbation is introduced by the diffusion process. Banach space introduces subspaces into the problem. With the calculated cost functional value, weak derivative helps in identifying edges highlighting the diseased part. Further the distributional derivative helps to arrive at the splayed out results for the most infected regions.


This paper reports on the design of a broadband lens-integrated differentially-driven circularly polarized annular slot on-chip antenna for a 240 GHz homodyne monostatic FMCW transceiver in a SiGe HBT technology. A complete antenna layout consists of the main radiating annular slot fed by a wideband differential quadrature coupler. The slot is excited by 2 pairs of orthogonal sectorial patch probes located 90° apart along the slot circumference, whereby the mutual coupling between them is exploited to extend the antenna operation bandwidth. The circularly-polarized antenna was simulated to provide an input match superior to -25 dB for 180-310 GHz with consistent radiation patterns. The antenna allows a frequency-unlimited high-efficiency operation of the FMCW transceiver module with a Tx/Rx isolation below -22 dB for 180-310 GHz, a peak radiated power of 4 dBm and in excess of -10 dBm for 214-268 GHz.


Particle suspensions have been studied extensively for several decades since such flows are common both in the environment and in a variety of industrial fields. The present work aims to investigate the modulations on the turbulence of the carrier fluid due to the presence of tiny inertial spherical particles in a turbulent channel flow, especially the influences of the particle volume fraction and the particle response time. Five cases with different particle loadings and response times were studied and the comparisons between the particle-laden flows and a particle-unladen channel flow were made. The results of the cases with large response times or particle loadings indicate that the presence of the particles leads to an increase of the mean bulk velocity in the channel flow. Additionally, the streamwise turbulent fluctuations is augmented whereas the spanwise turbulent fluctuations and, in particular, the Reynolds shear stress are attenuated compared with the unladen flow. Moreover, the small-scale eddies around walls have been damped and the flow comprises larger eddies than a flow without particles. However, the cases with small amounts of particles or low particle response times did not show obvious modulations on turbulence. To explore in detail the interaction between the particles and fluid, the kinetic energy conversion was examined by means of conditional averaging. The analysis of the mechanical energy transfer between the fluid phase and the particles indicates the particles redistribute the kinetic energy inside flow, i.e. receiving the kinetic energy from fluid in the central channel but transferring the kinetic energy back to the fluid close to the wall regions.. INTRODUCTION Dilute suspensions of solid particles in a turbulent gas or liquid flow lead problems of more complexity than singlephase turbulence which is inherently unsteady and threedimensional, but are nevertheless of immense practical concern both in natural flows and in industry. Suspensions of spherical particles in turbulent pipe and channel flows have been extensively studied during the years with the view to better understand the particle transport, concentration and segregation in wall-turbulence and also the influence on the turbulence of the carrier fluid with the presence of particles. When the suspensions are sufficiently dilute, the carrier fluid is almost not affected by the presence of the particles and the focus is on the translational motion of the particles. The current understanding of the complex motions of inertial spherical particles in turbulent wall flows was summarized by Marchioli and Soldati (2002). It is well known that spherical particles tend to concentrate in the near-wall regions of a wallbounded shear flow and furthermore that the particles are not evenly distributed but rather accumulate in preferred areas. With larger particle loadings the fluid flow is influenced by the solid particles embedded in the flow field. A recent overview article on the previous experimental studies and twoway coupled computer simulations by Balachandar and Eaton (2010) also mentioned the turbulence modulations in the particle-laden flow. In dilute suspensions flow, several factors may lead to attenuation or augmentation of turbulence, for instance, kinetic energy transport between particles and fluid, extra dissipation caused by particles drag or the vortex shedding behind the spherical particles. Depending on the particle size to the turbulence length scale (Gore and Crowe 1991) and also the particle Reynolds number, one or more of those factors can be dominant and result the attenuation or augmentation of turbulence. Tanaka and Eaton (2008) derived the particle moment number Pa and made Re-Pa mappings by a set of experimenal measurements. They observed the turbulence attenuation in a certain Pa-interval whereas the turbulence was augemented for higher and lower Pa-values. Rashidi et al. (1990) showed that the number of wall ejections, turbulence intensity, and also the skin-friction can be reduced by the existence of particles. In the pipe-flow experiments by Kartushinsky et al. (2005) a pressure reduction was found in the smallest particle case. More recent report by Bari and Yunus (2009) showed the drag reduction for suspensions of either alumina or sand particles in Kerosene over a fairly wide


Management of melanose, caused by the fungus Diaporthe citri, is often necessary in mature groves where fruit is intended for the fresh market: particularly if recently killed twigs and wood are present because of freezes or other causes. Melanose management is not usually needed in groves less than 10 years old or those where fruit is intended for processing. Grapefruit is very susceptible to melanose, but all citrus may be damaged by the disease. This 3-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Megan M. Dewdney and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department, May 2018.
PP-145/CG019: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Melanose (ufl.edu)


Aerodynamics plays a prominent, and often critical, role in any sport which involves the motion of a human or sporting object through a fluid (air or water). In certain sports, such as golf and auto racing, the important role of aerodynamics has been well understood and heavily researched over the years. However, in recent years, it has been realized that the flight of the balls in traditional sports such as tennis and soccer are also affected significantly by aerodynamics. In tennis, the International Tennis Federation just over 10 years ago decided to introduce a slightly larger ball, the thought being that with the larger ball with higher drag, the game would slow down enough so as to generate longer rallies. Although the larger ball was never introduced at the top levels, the splurge of research on tennis ball aerodynamics showed, for the first time, the critical role of the 'fuzz' on the ball aerodynamics, and in particular how it changes as the 'fuzz' wears down during the course of play. In the last two soccerWorld Cups, there was a lot discussion about the flight of the special ball designed for each tournament. In both cases, wind tunnel testing showed that the relatively smoother surface on these newer balls resulted in the critical Reynolds number being higher, thus enabling more effective knuckling of the ball at the higher ball speeds typically used at that level. Similarly with modern day volleyballs, relatively large and unsteady forces are generated around the critical Reynolds number thereby producing the knuckling effect. Women players make very effective use of this phenomenon whereas the men tend to serve a lot faster, relying more on the spin induced 'Magnus' effect for sideways movement of the volleyball. Some of the winter sports are dominated by aerodynamic effects; speed skating and ski jumping are classic examples. Aerodynamic drag and lift are effectively controlled by putting the human body in the optimum position. These optimum positions are often developed by mounting human skiers in wind tunnels where they can observe the change in aerodynamic forces in real time as they adjust their body positions. The ultimate example of the increasing critical role of aerodynamics is perhaps seen in sports such as cycling and swimming where the contribution of apparel drag is also optimized. With the upcoming Olympics, there is no doubt that we will see new and unique applications of aerodynamics optimization, even in sports where aerodynamics is traditionally thought of as not being that important. The current issue includes articles on the aerodynamic effects on speed skaters, volleyballs, soccer balls, bobsleighs and swimsuits.


Received April 7, 2020 Revised May 22, 2020 Accepted June 9, 2020 Address for correspondence Sang Hyuk Lee, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea Tel +82-2-2001-2269 Fax +82-2-2001-2273 E-mail email@example.com Background and Objectives Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is minimally invasive and has become the standard approach for early and intermediate stage laryngeal cancers. Many studies show that the oncologic results of TLM are equivalent to those obtained by conventional conservative surgery and radiotherapy (RT). The purpose of this study were to analyze the treatment outcome and predictors of local recurrence in glottic cancer patients who underwent TLM. Subjects and Method Sixty-seven patients who received TLM for glottis cancer between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were predominantly male (98.5%), with a median age of 64.3 years (range 45 to 87 years). There were 35 cases of T1 (52.2%), 15 cases of T2 (22.3%), and 17 cases of T3 (25.3%) in the primary tumor stage. There were no patients with lymph node metastasis (cN0). When classified into types, there were 2 cases of type I (3%), 15 cases of type II (22.3%), 34 cases of type III (50.7%), 4 cases of type IV (5.9%), 12 cases of type V (17.9%). The local control rate and overall survival rate were calculated with KaplanMeier curve analysis. Additionally, multivariate analysis of factors associated with local recurrence used Cox proportional-hazards model. Results TLM alone was performed in 54 patients (80.5%) whereas 13 patients (19.5%) underwent TLM followed by adjuvant RT. The 5-year local control rate and 5-year overall survival rate were 81.9% and 93.3%, respectively. In the Univariate analysis, the significant factors of local recurrence were difficult laryngeal exposure [odds ratio (OR)=22.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.7-297.4, p-value=0.03], anterior commissure invasion (OR=17.2, 95% CI=1.9-154.7, p-value=0.004, positive lymphovascular invasion (OR=18.0, 95% CI=2.9-109.8, p-value=0.003) and positive resection margin (OR=9.5, 95% CI=1.6-55.6, p-value=0.011). In the multivariate analysis, the independent factors of local recurrence were anterior commissure invasion [hazard ratio (HR)=18.4, 95% CI=1.98-170.99, p-value=0.010] and lymphovascular invasion (HR=7.5, 95% CI=1.49-38.15, p-value=0.015). No major or lethal complications were observed. Conclusion TLM is a reliable modality to treat early and select cases of moderately advanced glottic cancer. Our study found that independent factors of local recurrence included anterior commissure invasion, and lymphovascular invasion. These findings may be useful to follow-up glottic cancer patients after TLM. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2020;63(9):415-21


Due to prejudice and insufficient research,the image of the Jade Emperor in the novel Journey to the West has been long misunderstood.This paper attempts first to discuss the original image of the Jade Emperor,as in both Taoism myth and folklore.Secondly,it studies the objective performance of character of the Jade Emperor in the text,and concludes that the Jade Emperor in the novel Journey to the West is neither a hypocrite nor a wicked ruler, but a wise emperor.Readers' feeling,bias in text presentation and presumption and prejudice before reading are the main causes for such misunderstanding.


On the basis of the theme French Style Garden,according to the plant ecological habits and ornamental characteristics about the 2 periods of Dahua Fairview China City in Dalian City,this paper created a reasonable plant space,and built the unique French landscape of a strong local color


An experimental investigation was conducted in the laboratory in order to evaluate the use of fiber-optic probes for measuring the size distribution of large transient bubbles entrained beneath breaking ocean waves. Measurements were made in a unidirectional flow cell using two-fiber Optoflow fiber-optic probes (Photonetics Inc.). It was found that the rise times of the signal pulses created when bubbles crossed the probe tip were closely correlated with the bubble velocities. Therefore, bubble velocities and hence bubble sizes could be estimated using a single probe. It was observed that the correlation between the rise time and the bubble velocity varied significantly between probes but was only a weak function of water type (i.e., freshwater or seawater) and the bubble impaction angle. Estimates of the bubble-size distributions and void fraction made using the fiber-optic probes and video image data were compared. It was found that the fiber-optic probes could be used to obtain fairly accurate estimates of the void fraction. The bubble-size distributions estimated from the probe signals compared favorably with those estimated from video images. It was concluded that the probes could be used to make reasonably accurate measurements of the bubble-size distributions beneath breaking ocean waves.


Given a set of position and/or momentum measurements provided by a tracking detector, group these measurements together in subsets, each subset containing measurements originating from one charged particle. For a given set of tracks, track-fitting problem is to find the optimal estimate of a set of parameters uniquely describing the state of the particle somewhere in the detector. The most widely used technique involves some sort of Kalman filtering, a linear recursive method shown to be equivalent to global least square minimization. Provided the track model is truly linear, and measurement errors are Gaussian, the Kalman filter is efficient and optimal. Because it is recursive, it is well-suited for progressive track finding and fitting, and does not involve large matrix computations. Parallel and combinatorial extensions of the Kalman filter are used to simultaneously build track trajectories, smooth tracks, and estimate parameters; trajectories are typically propagated in parallel. More recently, these deterministic track-propagation algorithms are being compared to adaptive, probabilistic trajectory-building techniques that a better handle dense track environments. A variety of other techniques have been applied to this problem historically, including Hough transforms, decision trees, and neural networks. The HEP community would like to better understand which techniques should have superior performance, and, ultimately, how to design the track detection sensors in the first place to provide the optimal information to the pattern recognition algorithm(s). A. Strandlie, Adaptive methods with application to track reconstruction at LHC, CSC 2003.


Objective: To report 2 cases of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) following infusion of ifosfamide. Case Summaries: Two patients who received ifosfamide-containing chemotherapy developed NCSE. One woman received ifosfamide 1000 mg/m2 (1 h infusion on days 1–5); confusion, lethargy, and speech deterioration developed on day 3. The second patient developed similar symptoms on day 3 of treatment with 2500 mg/m2. Both patients responded to intravenous administration of diazepam 10 mg and were given levetiracetam as maintenance therapy. Discussion: The severity and presentation of central nervous system toxicity due to ifosfamide varies greatly and involves a spectrum ranging from subclinical electroencephalogram changes to coma. NCSE, an epileptic disorder in which typical convulsive activity is absent, has previously been reported in only 4 patients receiving ifosfamide. Levetiracetam may be used for maintenance antiepileptic therapy after diazepam administration. Conclusions: Among the many presentations of ifosfamide neurotoxicity, clinicians should consider NCSE as a possible explanation for changes in consciousness in a patient receiving this agent. An objective causality assessment by use of the Naranjo probability scale revealed that NCSE due to ifosfamide was probable.


Fresh twigs of Pluchea arabica (Boiss) Qaiser & Lack (Compositae) were steam-distilled and the essential oil obtained was analysed by GC–MS. Forty-four components were identified, accounting for 93.2% of the total components detected. The major constituents were δ-cadinol (26.8%), 9-(1-methylethylidene)-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonane (10.8%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), methyleugenol (9.2%) and β-caryophyllene (6.9%). The essential oil of P. arabica was active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Bacillus subtilis when tested against seven organisms. The oil was found to be less fragrant than Ocimum forskaoli oil in an odour test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents the design and experimental results of a monolithic cascode LNA for 28.5GHz applications using SiGe HBTs. It shows that designing circuits at frequencies beyond f/sub T//3 is possible. The best experimental results are obtained at 26GHz with a 3.3V supply voltage: |S/sub 21/| = 10.4dB, input and output matching better than -10dB. The measured noise figure is 6.4dB.


Background: Behavioral interventions based on psychological theory can facilitate continued recovery after discharge from cardiac or orthopedic rehabilitation. For example, health professionals can encourage patients to engage in coping planning to support the maintenance of physical activity. Telephone-based interviews or web-based interventions are two promising delivery modes to provide such after-care services from a distance (telerehabilitation). However, previous evaluations of such behavioral interventions lack a detailed description of the specific content, and its connection to psychosocial antecedents and health outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to (i) describe the content of user-specified coping plans. Second, we aimed to identify (ii) coping plan characteristics associated with health outcomes post-rehabilitation and (iii) socio-demographic and psychosocial variables associated with coping plan characteristics. Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a larger behavioral intervention study, using remote delivery modes, within orthopedic and cardiac rehabilitation. Two raters evaluated the content, quality and number of coping plans from 231 participants. Physical activity and quality of life (health outcomes) were measured via self-reports at the end of rehabilitation and six months after discharge. We used linear regression analyses to examine the relationship between plan characteristics and health outcomes. Results: Content analyses of participants' coping plans emphasized that physical barriers such as pain or other health limitations presented major obstacles for engagement in physical activity post-rehabilitation. The most frequently identified external barriers to physical activity were workload, family obligations or bad weather. There was a statistically significant difference in quality of life and physical activity for participants who formulated highly instrumental coping plans (higher quality of life and activity) compared with participants with coping plans of lower quality (lower quality of life and activity). The number of plans (quantity) was not related with outcomes. Conclusion: Generating coping plans can be a useful theory-based approach for inclusion in telerehabilitation to facilitate the maintenance of physical activity and quality of life. It is important to encourage adults and older adults to engage in coping planning and, specifically, to formulate strategies that support tenacious plan pursuit.


In the course of a study of herbivore dung collected in the Zoological Garden in Delhi, an ascomycete was observed and isolated which could not be accomodated in any known genus. It is therefore described below.


ABSTRACT

NURUL AZIZAH. The influence of the number of tourists and the Numberof Vehicles Against Local Revenue in Bengkulu Province Years 2009 - 2013. Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta, in 2014.

This study aimed to examine the effect of the number of tourists and the number of vehicles onlocalrevenue inBengkuluProvince Years 2009- 2013. This study uses expo facto method using panel data which combines the data time series and cross section. The data needed to calculate the local revenue is by adding local tax, retsibusi areas, profit from local enterprises, and local revenues other legitimate. The data regarding the number of tourists, the number of motor vehicles, as well as the local revenues derived from the province's annual report 2009 up to 2013from the BPS. This study uses panel data regression model obtained equation random effect results LnPAD =17.019 + 0,145LnJW + 0,474LnJKB. Based on the analysis simultaneously, the number of tourists and the number of vehicles significantly affect local revenues in Java. Based on the analysis of partial results, thenumber of tourists significantly positive effect on revenue and the number of vehicles significantly positive striving to local revenues. Variations influence of two independent variables can be determined based on the value of R2 of 59.79%. Thus, 59.54%variation in income are native to the area affected by the number of tourists anvehicles while the remaining 40.46% influenced by other factors outside the research model.


The Trade and Development Board, at its sixtieth annual session, requested the UNCTAD secretariat to conduct an independent evaluation of subprogramme 2 on investment and enterprise (SP2). To do so, UNCTAD recruited a team of two independent consultants, and two member State representatives who participated in their personal capacity. The evaluation covers the work programme period 2010–2013. The evaluation was conducted between late March and mid-June 2014. It follows the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Development Assistance Committee and United Nations principles for evaluation.


Dr. Weyland examined a six month old infant that had been admitted to University Hospital earlier in the day. The baby's parents had brought young Zoey to the emergency room because she had been suffering from a chronic cough. In addition, they said that Zoey sometimes would "wheeze" a lot more than they thought was normal for a child with a cold. Upon arriving at the emergency room, the attending pediatrician noted that salt crystals were present on Zoey's skin and called Dr. Weyland, a pediatric pulmonologist. Dr. Weyland suspects that baby Zoey may be suffering from cystic fibrosis.


Despite some controversy surrounding the election of the GNU, including accusations of vote buying, the overall response to the formation of the GNU by Libya's main political actors and by the international community was positive. Former Prime Minister Serraj resigned his position to provide space for the GNU. Khalifa Haftar, House of Representatives (HoR) Speaker Ageela Saleh and head of the High State Council (HSC) Khaled Mishri all made statements welcoming its creation. Interim Government Prime Minister Abdalla Thinni announced that he was ready to 'hand over power' once the GNU was formally endorsed by the HoR.


The condition of pseudopregnancy was first induced artificially, in the rabbit, by Ancel and Bouin ('09), by mating a vasectomized buck with a normal female. Long and Evans ('22) and Slonaker ('29) mated normal female rats with vasectomized male rats and provoked pseudopregnancy. This condition is manifested, in the rat, by the typical phenomena of early pregnancy, namely, a prolonged leucocyte vaginal smear, reduced spontaneous activity, increased body weight, increased food intake, and slight mammary-gland development (Slonaker, '29). Long and Evans ('22) produced the condition of pseudopregnancy in the rat by mechanical stimulation of the cervical canals of the uterus with a glass rod when the animal was in stage 1, 2, or 3 of the oestrous cycle as designated by them. Their work has been corroborated by Wang ( '23), Slonaker ( '29), Meyer, Leonard, and Hisaw ( '29), and others. Slonaker found, that although he used a wide range of types and sizes of glass rods, which he manipulated with great care lest he injure the vaginal mucosa, the percentage of cases of pseudopregnancies was very much lower than that recorded by Long, and Evans. Sterile copulation yielded 100 per cent results according to Slonaker's reports. He suggests the secretion of a hormone by the vaginal mucosa or by the endometrium as a possible stimulus to the condition. Meyer,


Treatment of Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppv) (1) with aryldiazonium salts affords the 34e(-) adducts [Fe(2)(pdt)(μ-N(2)Ar)(CO)(4)(dppv)](+) (pdt(2-) = 1,3-propanedithiolate, dppv = cis-C(2)H(2)(PPh(2))(2)). Under some conditions, the same reaction gave substantial amounts of [1](+), the product of electron-transfer. Consistent with the influence of electron transfer in the reactions of some electrophiles with Fe(I)Fe(I) dithiolates, the reaction of [Me(3)S(2)](+) and Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppbz) was found to give [Fe(2)(pdt)(CO)(4)(dppbz)](+) as well as Me(2)S and Me(2)S(2) (dppbz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene).


The measurement and mapping of transportation network vulnerability to natural hazards constitute subjects of global interest for a sustainable development agenda and as means of adaptation to climate change. During a flood, some elements of a transportation network can be affected, causing the loss of lives. Furthermore, impacts include damage to vehicles, streets/roads, and other logistics services - sometimes with severe economic consequences. The Network Science approach may offer a valuable perspective considering one type of vulnerability related to network-type critical infrastructures: the topological vulnerability. The topological vulnerability index associated with an element is defined as reducing the network's average efficiency due to removing the set of edges related to that element. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature overview and a case study applying the topological vulnerability index for the highways in Santa Catarina (Brazil). We produce a map considering that index and areas susceptible to urban floods and landslides. Risk knowledge, combining hazard and vulnerability, is the first pillar of an Early Warning System and represents an important tool for stakeholders of the transportation sector in a disaster risk reduction agenda.


Objective To probe the concentand pathophysiologic significance of the Thrombopoiebin(TPO) concentration in various liverish patients' serum.Methods The TPO contents of 30 normal persons and 50 various liverish patients were detected by using radioimmune assay .Results The TPO contents of liverish patients during S_3 , S_4 phase and cirrhosis patients were significantly higher than those of patients S_0-S_2 phase and normal control (P 0.01). there were no significantly difference between the TPO contents in acute hepatitis group,S_0-S_2 phase and normal control group(P0.05).Conclusion The detection of TPO contents can provide reference to various liverish pathophysiologic further researches.


12 Correction on the basis of previous errors is paramount to sensorimotor learning. While 13 corrections of spatial errors have been studied extensively, little is known about 14 corrections of previous temporal errors. We tackled this problem in different conditions 15 involving arm movements (AM), saccadic eye movements (SM) or button presses (BP). The 16 task was to intercept a moving target at a designated zone (i. e. no spatial error) either with 17 the hand sliding a pen on a graphics tablet (AM), a saccade (SM) or a button press (BP) that 18 released a cursor moving ballistically for a fixed time of 330 ms. The dependency of the 19 final temporal error on action onset varied from "low" in AM (due to possible online 20 corrections) to "very high" in the other conditions (i.e. open loop). The lag-1 cross21 correlation between action onset and the previous temporal error were close to zero in all 22 conditions suggesting that people minimized temporal variability of the final errors across 23 trials. Interestingly, in conditions SM and BP, action onset did not depend on the previous 24 temporal error. However, this dependency was clearly modulated by the movement time in 25 . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/368001 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 12, 2018;


The development of pharmaceutical industry indicates that pharmaceutical industry is one of the industries with most deep and scaled technology innovation. The theorist and entrepreneurs are all concerned about the problem of organizational model adapted by the pharmaceutical industry,there are different views on it between the theory and practice. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of pharmaceutical technology innovation and the features of pharmaceutical technology innovation process,combined with the present conditions of national pharmaceutical firm,it points out that cross-organizational RD model is the appropriate selection for national pharmaceutical enterprise.


This chapter assesses how state- and prediction-based theory (SPT), as a nontraditional approach to modeling adaptive behavior embedded in a nontraditional population modeling approach, faces a significant credibility challenge. This challenge is complicated by the many ways that models can gain or lose credibility, and widespread confusion surrounding the term model validation. The chapter then addresses the task of testing, improving, and establishing the credibility of individual-based models (IBMs) that contain adaptive individual behavior. The experience with the trout and salmon models provides the primary basis for this discussion, but other long-term modeling projects have produced similar experiences. The chapter summarizes some of the issues and challenges that typically arise and how they have been dealt with, before presenting lessons learned from two decades of empirical and simulation studies addressing credibility of the salmonid models.