The reliability of the bacitracin inhibition test to differentiate between 125 Lancefield group A and 122 non-group A beta-haemolytic streptococci was studied. Bacitracin discs containing 0-02, 0 04, or 0-1 international units and the conditions recommended by both the Association of Clinical Pathologists and the Federal Drug Administration for routine sensitivity testing were used. The results suggest that the presence or absence of a zone of inhibition around a 0 04 unit disc can be used routinely for the presumptive identification of group A streptococci and that a specific zone size can be used for reading the test only with a 0 I unit disc.


Fiji's political landscape has been shaped along a fractured fault line between the country's two main communities: indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians. This legacy of Fiji's colonial past has dogged the country since independence in 1970. The Indo-Fijians are descendants of Indians brought to the colony as indentured labourers by Britain, the then colonial power, to develop a plantation economy. Indo-Fijians came to dominate the economy, arousing resentment from indigenous Fijians. There was increasing fear amongst indigenous Fijians, many of whom lived in semi-subsistence communities, that the Indo-Fijians would ultimately acquire political dominance as well.


Abstract Sixty-five typists ranging in age from 21-68 years and in skill from 28-91 net words/minute participated in an experiment examining age-related differences in motor performance. Two tasks were employed, digraph typing and choice reaction time, which assessed the latencies to type two consecutive keystrokes. the results for both tasks replicated results reported by Bosman (1993) suggesting that low skill older typists exhibit a deficit in both the translation and execution components of motor performance, whereas high skill older typists exhibit a deficit in translation only. the generalizability of typing-related experience to a novel task was assessed by examining the effect of typing skill on choice reaction time performance. the results indicated that skilled typists were not advantaged for translation. However, skilled typists were advantaged for execution, and the benefit of skill was greatest for older typists.


Abstract Sensitive analytical procedures are needed for detection of a broad range of explosive compounds and transformation products in groundwater. This study was thus conducted to (1) assess the utility of various instrumental techniques for detection of such substances in groundwater and to 2) isolate the principal toxic components leached from contaminated soils to groundwater at a former military site in Eastern Germany. The organonitrogen explosives and possible transformation products investigated, including aniline, 2‐NA, 4‐M‐2‐NA, 2‐M‐5‐NA, 2,4‐DNA, NB, 2‐NT, 3‐NT, 4‐NT, 2,6‐DAT, 2‐M‐3‐NA, 2,3‐DNT, 2,4‐DNT, 3,4‐DNT, 4‐A‐2‐NT, 2‐A‐4‐NT, TNB, 4‐A‐2,6‐DNT, 3,5‐DNA, 2‐A‐4,6‐DNT, 1,3‐DNB, 4‐MA, 2,6‐DNT, TNT, 3,5‐DNT, and 2,4‐DA‐6‐NT. Various instrumental methods were used, including LC/UV and LC/amperometric detection with mass spectrometry confirmation of analytes. GC/MS and LC/MS techniques using a Hewlett Packard MSD, a Finnigan MAT GCQ ion trap, and a Fisons AutospecQ were applied. Instrumental detection limits were about 0.4 µg/L using tandem mass spectrometry. For some sites, the groundwater was contaminated with up to 6000 µg/L per component, whereas the levels of transformation products were detected as low as 0.4 µg/L. The residues of explosives are believed to have leached directly from contaminated soils at the sites. Fractionation of groundwater samples followed by toxicity testing using microtox bioassays, revealed that the nitro compounds (NB, 2,4‐DNT, 2,4,6‐TNT, 4‐A‐2,6‐DNT, and 2‐A‐4,6‐DNT) were in general the principal acute toxic components at most sites investigated, whereas the mutagenic effects were assigned to the amino compounds.


Using the concepts of scaled particle theory, an analytical theory is developed to investigate the limiting behavior of solvation free energies at the particle creation limit. The new theory directly incorporates the weakly attractive, dispersion interaction terms into the analytical calculations. For neutral molecular systems, the effects of longer ranged electrostatic interactions are also incorporated, albeit in an ad hoc way, and the validity of the utilized assumptions are then demonstrated with numerical examples. It is shown that it is possible to blend the numerical and analytical methods to increase the reliability of quantitative results, and, at the same time, to achieve savings on computational expenditure for certain types of calculations. Different methods of performing the thermodynamic integration in solvation free energy calculations are also compared. Studied examples clearly show the importance of proper treatment of the divergence at the particle creation limit in obtaining quantitativ...


REPORT OF A CASE An 11-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of a growing, painful lesion under the fourth toenail of her right foot. She could not recall any preceding trauma to the toe and was in good general health. Findings from her physical examination disclosed a 6-mm pearly, firm, subungual papule protruding from the distal edge of the right fourth toenail (Fig 1). The lesion was firm and fixed on palpation, with discrete margins and overlying telangiectasia. There was no ulceration. The remainder of her digits and nails were normal. A diagnostic test was performed (Fig 2), followed by excision. Representative pathologic sections are shown in Figs 3 and 4. What is your diagnosis? DIAGNOSIS: Subungual exostosis (SE). HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS Tissue sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin showed a fragment of bone capped by cartilage (Fig 3). The cartilage had numerous chondrocytes with variably shaped


In this paper a new approach to the formation of 3,4-diaminophenyl ethers has been proposed. It consists in the use of acylated nitrochloroaniline derivatives as a substrate. This method, in comparison with the known ways, has a number of advantages: less number of steps, mild conditions of synthesis, high yield of target products with low content of impurities.


Ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like (Ubl) modifiers such as SUMO are conjugated to substrate proteins by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes. In the presence of an E3 ligase, the E2∼Ubl thioester intermediate becomes highly activated and is prone to chemical decomposition, thus making biochemical and structural studies difficult. Here we explored a stable chemical conjugate of the E2 enzyme from the SUMO pathway, Ubc9, with its modifier SUMO1 as a structural analogue of the Ubc9∼SUMO1 thioester intermediate, by introducing a triazole linkage by biorthogonal click chemistry. The chemical conjugate proved stable against proteolytic cleavage, in contrast to a Ubc9–SUMO1 isopeptide analogue obtained by auto‐SUMOylation. Triazole‐linked Ubc9–SUMO1 bound specifically to the preassembled E3 ligase complex RanBP2/RanGAP1*SUMO1/Ubc9, thus suggesting that it is a suitable thioester mimic. We anticipate interesting prospects for its use as a research tool to study protein complexes involving E2 and E3 enzymes.


CD97 is a member of the EGF-TM7 family of class II seven-span transmembrane receptors and is broadly expressed on hematopoietic cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. We have recently demonstrated that CD97 is involved in IL-8-induced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization (Blood (2003) 102:455a). To determine a possible role of HSC in this process, we studied the expression of CD97 on HSC. Murine HSC are characterized as c-Kit POS Thy-1 LO Lin NEG/LO Sca-1 POS and isolation of these cells involves a multistep process consisting of lineage depletion and positive selection. We first studied expression levels on murine bone marrow (BM) cells using a CD97 specific monoclonal antibody (clone 1B2) and FACS analysis. Based on CD97 expression levels, BM cells were then sorted into different fractions and further characterized in colony-forming assays, CAFC assays and in an in-vivo transplantation model. FACS analysis of BM cells showed three major populations i.e. CD97 HI , CD97 INT and CD97 NEG cells (71.5%, 24.4% and 4.4% of total BM cells respectively). Analysis of CFU-GM colony forming capacity of these BM subsets revealed that the majority of colony-forming cells were present in the CD97 NEG (7142 ± 5057 CFU-GM) population compared to CD97 HI (178 ± 170CFU-GM) and CD97 INT (3047 ± 2902 CFU-GM per 10 6 BM cells). Analysis of CAFC frequencies of CD97 HI , CD97 INT and CD97 NEG BM cells showed that CAFC-day 35 activity resided in the CD97 INT BM population (3.0 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 CAFC-day 35 per 10 5 cells for CD97 INT and total BM respectively), whereas no CAFC-day 35 activity was found in CD97 HI and CD97 NEG BM fractions. In addition, FACS analysis revealed that the majority (82.6 %) of c-kit POS thy-1 LO Lin NEG/LO cells were present in the CD97 INT BM population. To investigate the in-vivo repopulating ability of the different CD97 BM subsets, lethally irradiated (9.5 Gy) BALB/c recipient mice (n=10 per group) were reconstituted with 10 5 syngeneic BALB/c total BM or with CD97 sorted BM cells. Repopulating capacity entirely resided in the CD97 INT subset (repopulation rate 90% versus 0% in the CD97 HI and CD97 NEG subset). These data indicate that 1) CD97 is differentially expressed on HPC and HSC and that 2) CD97 expression can be used to separate colony forming cells from repopulating hematopoietic stem cells.


This chapter explores questions of methodology and pedagogy in dealing with diverse student populations in a freshman-level human geography class by highlighting a multi-tiered exercise that encourages students to investigate and to articulate their own feelings and beliefs about migration in a series of low-risk classroom exercises complemented with an out-of-class assignment. The self-reflective portion of this exercise provides the instructor insight into student feelings, attitudes, and knowledge of students' migration histories and knowledge. Lessons and examples from the author's classroom experiences are detailed in this chapter to call upon instructors to implement multi-tiered approaches to controversial and international topics, particularly in a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, twenty-first century college classroom.


The characterization of N-γ-L-glutamyl-β-cyano-L-alanine, an antinutritional factor present in Vicia sativa L., as its ammonium salt, NH 4 + .C 9 H 12 N 3 O 5 - , is reported


Three-dimensional simulations and experiments have shown that, for a grating equipped with sidewalls, copious emission of coherent Smith-Purcell (SP) radiation at the fundamental frequency of the evanescent surface wave is possible1, 2. This contrasts with the two-dimensional theory for which emission could only occur at harmonics of that frequency. To increase the emitted frequency towards the THz range with a realistic electron beam, we propose to use several gratings with sidewalls in parallel, with adequate scaling of their parameters. Simulations suggest that the reduction in power, due to the reduced grating period and width needed to reach high frequencies, can be compensated in this way. To test this idea, an experiment is under way.


We focus on a variational model of an elastic–plastic beam which is clamped at both endpoints and subject to a transverse L∞ load: the mathematical formulation is a 1D free discontinuity problem with second-order energy dependent on gradient-jump integrals but not on the cardinality of gradient-discontinuity set. The related energy is not lower semicontinuous in BH; moreover the relaxed energy is finite also when second derivatives have Cantor part. Nevertheless we show that if a safe load condition is fulfilled, then minimizers exist and they actually belong to SBH, say their second derivative has no Cantor part. If in addition a stronger condition on load is fulfilled, then minimizer is unique and belongs to H2. Moreover, we can always select one minimizer whose number of plastic hinges does not exceed 2 and is the limit of minimizers of penalized problems. When the load stays in the gap between safe load and regularity condition, then minimizers with hinges are allowed; if in addition the load is symmetric and strictly positive, then there is uniqueness of minimizer, the hinges of such minimizer are exactly two and they are located at the endpoints.


The article analyzes the structure of the forensic method of investigation of certain types of crimes, proposes its modern structure, in particular, a separate forensic method must necessarily include a forensic characteristic, typical investigative situations and programs (algorithms) of the investigator's actions in each judicial investigation. stages of the investigation, specifics of the tactics of individual investigative (search) actions, other measures and tactical operations, as well as specifics of the investigation under martial law.
Forensic characterization is considered as an important structural unit of a separate methodology, which reflects its purely forensic aspect, describes forensically significant, statistically derived features of crimes of a certain group. The author comes to the conclusion that forensic characteristics include signs of circumstances that are subject to proof (but not all), but only those signs that determine the choice of appropriate forensic means, techniques and methods of crime investigation (forensically significant). Therefore, he claims that the refusal to study the circumstances to be proven in the methodology and in most of the modern dissertation studies in criminology will be justified.
Based on the analysis of existing scientific views and concepts, the author substantiates the position of highlighting the initial stage of the investigation, as well as the feasibility of developing recommendations for the organization of the investigator's actions at this stage and in the investigation process at two traditional stages. forensic stages: initial and subsequent. Based on a comparison of a specific investigative situation that arose during the investigation of a specific crime with a typical one, investigators should choose the appropriate, most effective forensic means and methods of establishing objective reality.
The inclusion in the structure of a separate forensic methodology of investigation features under martial law is considered as an urgent need of practical workers. After all, the conditions of martial law make changes both in the program (algorithm) of the investigator's actions and in the tactics of conducting investigative (search) actions. This is due to the fact that the legislator departed from the principle of immediacy of the research of evidence.
It is noted that the study of other forensic aspects of the investigation of certain types of crimes may take place.


There have been changes in higher education tuition fees in many countries since 1990s, which has great impacts on the development of higher education. The history of tuition fees in the U.K. is short but the policy changes continuously. Australia is unique in tuition fees for its income-contingent student loan. Ireland went to a reversed measure, which abolished the tuition fees. And in the USA the tuition fees increased greatly. What caused these changes in tuition fees in these countries? And what are the outcomes of these changes?


We had the problem of the five-year-old boy in the candy store—just too many interesting things to do! Neil Armstrong, recalling his impressions on landing on the moon.


Abstract : Mesoscale models are important, useful tools for analyzing and forecasting snail-scale atmospheric phenomena. Ideally, finer grid-point resolution should make a model more likely to capture realistic small-scale structure. Because these models work to resolve phenomena that exist on very fine spatial- and time-scales, they are subject to high variability. Accurate initialization of mesoscale models is crucial to skillful short-term forecasting. This study exercises four different initialization and model physics experiments of four nested MM5 forecast domains and examines their respective short-term (f03, f06, f09, f12) forecasts. The exceptionally rich meteorological data set taken from the Southern Coast Ozone Study of 1997 (SCOS97) provides the basis for our model verification. We show that 3km and 9k resolutions produce better forecasts than the 27km resolution model, however, differences between the 3km and 9km resolution forecasts are essentially insignificant. We also show that different model initializations and physics schemes have an insignificant impact on improving the absolute accuracy of the numerical forecasts produced by a non-hydrostatic mesoscale model.


International population movement takes on some evident features under the background of economic globalization,one of which is the increase of the skilled migration.The situation of skilled migration are favorably received in the world has something to do with the migration polices of the developed countries.America and Canada made the skilled migration polices in order to respond to the contest for global talents brought by information revolution and are very successful in attracting skilled migration.Meanwhile,we can see that the skilled migration polices of America and Canada have dual influences.The Asian countries should make active measures and formulate their own talent strategy in order to get initiative in the competition for international talented person.


We have developed a novel method for the identification and retrieval of DNA sequences which are represented as binary images. This type of representation emanates from the evolution of one-dimensional nucleotide arrays abiding to a set of Cellular Automaton rules. A thorough investigation of these rules was performed in order to determine their efficiency. The presented method has been applied on short nucleotide sequences as well as on eleven complete genes of various origins. The technology presented offers a novel approach for the rapid and efficient sequence identification of nucleotide sequences in database repositories. The proposed framework will be practically useful for applications involved in virus recognition and personalized medicine which rely heavily on the processing of huge volumes of nucleotide sequence data.


ABSTRACT This article recounts a study of media predictions on the future of cities, post-pandemic. From a theoretical perspective, we consider discourse and storytelling (written, oral, or visual) as crucial public policy and planning tools. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of more than 110 media articles from more than 60 sources, which appeared online and/or in print between March and May 2020. We find that the media has played the role of both Kassandra and Pollyanna. Some prophecies have spelled doom and gloom whereas others have envisioned a brighter urban future. The value of the study is in establishing a baseline of "urban prophecies" formulated by the media. These can be revisited in the future to find out whether they were realistic.


We consider the problem of using artificially generated cover traffic to hide the network paths used by an application against an adversarial observer who can monitor network traffic and perform traffic analysis. We propose that on-demand link padding be used on top of existing traffic anonymizing infrastructures such as those described in the Onion Routing Project or in the ANON Project. In on-demand link padding, cover traffic is generated dynamically only when real traffic is present. Moreover, the bandwidth usage is economical because we only generate a small amount of cover traffic above real traffic. We describe two types of on-demand link padding schemes and evaluate their performance by simulation. We report our findings based on the simulation results and quantify potential trade-offs in configuring a couple of important parameters. Finally, we provide a strategy for mitigating the potential problem in face of lost or corrupted control packets, to which the traditional recovery solutions based on packet retransmission are inappropriate for performance considerations.


Carica papaya (L) is one of the few fruit crops that is still propagated commercially by seed. In the cool subtropical Pietermaritzburg area, a female clone 'Honey Gold' has been vegetatively propagated, by rooting leafy cuttings, for over 40 years. Vigorous stock plants, strict sanitation, adequate bottom heat (30 °C), and even distribution and good control of intermittent mist to ensure leaf retention, are crucial for success. Suitable rooting media were either perlite or well composted, mature pine bark of varying air filled porosity (9–30%) and water holding capacity (58–82%). Bacterial infection can be a problem and this warrants further research. Up to 7595% rooting of small to medium-sized leafy cuttings can be achieved in six to ten weeks during summer, but slow and poor rooting (20% after 16 weeks) has occurred in certain bark media, possibly because of insufficient bottom heat, different physiological conditions in spring, or toxic compounds other than high levels of tannin. Well-rooted cuttings have given excellent production of uniform quality fruit that sells at premium prices in South Africa, where distortion ringspot virus is not a problem.


Simple and easy‐to‐use bioassays with Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, luminescent bacteria and Pseudomonas putida were evaluated for the detection of toxicity due to cyanobacterial hepato‐and neurotoxins. The hepatotoxins and a neurotoxin, anatoxin‐a, were extracted from laboratory‐grown cultures and natural bloom samples by the solid phase fractionation method and dissolved in diluent for different bioassays. The toxin concentration of cyanobacterial extracts was determined with HPLC. The Artemia biotest appeared to be quite sensitive to cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, with LC 50 values of 3–17 mg l‐1. The Artemia test was also shown to be of value for the detection of toxicity caused by anatoxin‐a. The fractionated extract of anatoxin‐a was not lethal to Artemia but it disturbed the ability of the larvae to move forwards. Filtered cyanobacterial cultures with anatoxin‐a, on the other hand, caused mortality of Artemia larvae at concentrations of 2–14 mg l‐1. With the solid phase fractionation of cyanobacterial samples, no non‐specific toxicity due to compounds other than hepato‐ and neurotoxins was observed. In the luminescent bacteria test, the inhibition of luminescence did not correlate with the abundance of hepatotoxins or anatoxin‐a. The growth of Ps. putida was enhanced, rather than inhibited by cyanobacterial toxin fractions.


The results of a mailed survey designed to compare capital budgeting practices employed in the hotel sector with capital budgeting practices employed in other industrial sectors are reported. 92 hotels and 111 organisations operating outside the hotel sector participated in the study. Three main findings can be distilled from the study: 1. When preparing investment proposals, the propensity to inflate cash inflow estimates outweighs the propensity to deflate cash inflow estimates. While this finding pertains to the hotel as well as the non-hotel sectors, it appears the tendency to inflate projected cash inflows is less in the hotel sector. 2. The hotel sector appears to be characterised by relatively low sophistication in capital budgeting. Hotels exhibit a lower level of development with respect to reviewing required rates of return and also applying post-completion audits. In addition, advanced appraisal techniques, such as NPV and IRR, which are based on discounting approaches, are used to a relatively low degree in the hotel sector. Over half the hotels surveyed exclusively use the payback method (36%) or use no financial investment appraisal method at all (17%). 3. Consistent with the findings of studies in other industrial sectors, it appears there is a positive relationship between the size of hotels and use of financial investment appraisal techniques.


The utility model relates to a high-flow movable type trailer pump truck. The high-flow movable type trailer pump truck comprises a trailer chassis, a carriage, a diesel engine, an elastic coupling, a control box, a hydraulic clutch and a fire fighting water pump. The high-flow movable type trailer pump truck is pulled to a water source or a position nearby a fire scene by virtue of a vehicle, and water supply and fire fighting are carried out; or the high-flow movable type trailer pump truck is pulled to a low-lying area for drainage when flood happens; the diesel engine is started in a no-load way by virtue of the hydraulic clutch, then a joint clutch drives the fire fighting water pump to operate, and control is carried out by virtue of the control box according to task requirements of the fire scene or the drainage, so that the fire fighting water pump works under a certain working condition; water can be pumped or supplied by virtue of a natural water source or the water is successively supplied by virtue of other fire fighting devices and equipment, and fire extinguishing rescue and relief work are carried out by utilizing built-in or other fire extinguishing equipment. The high-flow movable type trailer pump truck can provide the water supply with the high flow being more than 150L/s so as to enable a high-flow fire fighting monitor or multiple fire extinguishing fire fighting vehicles to operate normally, or the water is directly supplied to multiple kinds of fire extinguishing equipment for extinguishing a fire, the requirement of large and medium fire scenes on a heavy intensity fire extinguishing agent is met, the high-flow movable type trailer pump truck can be pulled to the scene for carrying out the quick drainage, and insufficient points of municipal facilities are made up.


A total of 93 vines from five vineyards in Chile that were originally planted as Merlot, four vines from a cultivar collection in Chile, and two vines in California were analyzed with SSR DNA markers to confirm their identity. DNA profiles were compared to those of previously confirmed reference vines. Vines in the Chilean vineyards matched the DNA profiles of either Merlot or Carmenere, consistent with prior visual identification of these vines. The four vines from the cultivar collection matched Carmenere, although they were originally planted as Merlot. Both California vines were confirmed as Carmenere, although one was originally imported as Cabernet franc. Two markers, VVMD28 and VVMD31, are particularly useful for distinguishing Carmenere from Merlot. VVMD31 will also distinguish Cabernet franc from the other two cultivars, as will VVMD27. Although these three cultivars can be distinguished visually, DNA typing is a valuable adjunct for verifying identity, particularly for vines in nurseries and foundation plantings.


Triterpene saponins are a class of defensive plant-derived compounds, which have a variety of functions including antimicrobial, insecticidal, and nematicidal activities. This research assessed the performance of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, following ad libero feeding on Medicago truncatula accessions differing in specialized metabolite and saponin profiles. Insect performance did not directly relate to the foliar saponin levels in the accessions, which was measured using HPLC mass spectrometry. Accession ESP105 had the lowest foliar saponins overall, yet had similar levels of soyasaponins compared to the other accessions. Conversely, accessions A17, PRT178, and GRC43 had high foliar saponins with particularly high levels of medicagenic and zanhic acids compared to accession ESP105. Saponin extract was topically applied to insect artificial diet at a gradient of concentrations. Contradictory to previous reports, no inhibition of growth of insects on diet containing saponin extract or no statistical differences in key fitness indicators were detected. Wounding by insects greatly induced genes involved in saponin production. Biosynthesis of saponins begins in the mevalonate pathway and the upstream biosynthetic reactions are well understood. Saponins are made up of an aglycone "sapogenin" that is modified with variable compositions and numbers of sugar moieties at variable positions on the sapogenin backbone. Sapogenins are synthesized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and glycosylation is carried out by glycosyltransferases. To date, few of these cytochrome P450's and fewer glycosyltransferases have been functionally identified. RNA was sequenced to evaluate gene transcript abundance in response to herbivory between accessions A17 and ESP105 to illuminate potential saponin biosynthetic genes. Twenty-eight oxidation-reduction genes induced by insect feeding and several glycosyltransferases and transcription factors that showed a similar expression pattern


The establishment of the engineering master degree and the education of engineering postgraduates have widened the channel of cultivating high-level intellectuals,contributing to the close bond betwees technology,education and economics,strengthening the horizontal link between higher education institutions,scientific research,production and all other fields of the society.However,the ground work of education of engineering postgraduates is relatively weak;furthermore,the knowledge of its educational regulations is not sufficient.This paper discusses the methods and measures of furthering the development of engineering postgraduate education on the basis of the author's working practice.


Using the Jordan-Wigner transformation and duality relations, a method for bosonization for nonrelativistic spinless fermions is introduced. The same method is used for one- and two-dimensional cases. In one dimension a cubic potential is obtained. After linearization the usual bosonization results for relativistic fermions are reproduced. In two dimensions the nonlocal potential induces vortices which determines the effective potential between the charged particles. We find that the low-energy excitations are acoustic charge-density waves.


The present invention discloses an air conditioner indoor unit with two heat exchangers. The air conditioner indoor unit comprises an indoor unit body and a fan formed in the indoor unit body. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in the indoor unit body, a first water receiving component is arranged at the bottom of the first heat exchanger, a second water receiving component is arranged at the bottom of the second heat exchanger, the first water receiving component and the second water receiving component are communicated with a third water receiving component, and a drain outlet is formed in the third water receiving component. The indoor unit can solve the problem of drainage when the two heat exchangers exist, and the size of the indoor unit can be conveniently reduced.


The growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L., 'Jeokchima') as affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation under different light quality and photoperiod conditions were analyzed in this study. Five light qualities, namely B (blue LED), R (red LED), BUV (blue LED+UV-A LED), RUV (red LED+UV-A LED) and Control (white fluorescent lamps) with photoperiods of 12/12 hours (day/night), 16/8 hours, or 20/4 hours were provided to investigate the effects of light quality and photoperiod on the growth and accumulation of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves. As measured 28 days after transplanting, the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce were significantly affected by light quality and photoperiod. The number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce grown under R treatment increased with increasing light period. By contrast, leaf development was inhibited, but chlorophyll content increased, under B treatment. Supplemental UV-A irradiation significantly decreased leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Anthocyanins in lettuce increased significantly with decreasing dark period under B treatment. A synergistic effect of supplemental UV-A LED irradiation on anthocyanins accumulation was found for lettuce leaves grown under R treatment but not B treatment. Ascorbic acid in lettuce was greatly affected by photoperiod. Ascorbic acid content at BUV and RUV treatments increased by 20-30% compared to without UV-A LED irradiation. From these results, it was concluded that growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce are significantly affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation. The results obtained in this study will be informative for efforts to improve the nutritional value of leafy vegetables grown in plant factories.


In this paper the effects of cerium mischmetal and magnesium complex modification on the microstructures and performances of high carbon high speed steel (HSS) were investigated and the mechanism of modification was analyzed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, tensile testing machine and impact tester. The results show that Ce-Mg complex modifier can refine grain, change carbide morphology and distribution, and increase mechanical properties. After heat treatment at 1000 °C, many networked carbides in the high carbon HSS are broken and a number of granular carbides appear. Most of eutectic carbides are spheroidized and distributed uniformly. The networked carbides disappear completely after heated to 1050 °C. The reason that Ce-Mg improves the microstructure of high carbon HSS is analyzed at last.


We assess the metabolic demand of mesopelagic zooplankton for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We compare zooplankton metabolic demand with the attenuation of sinking particle fluxes, and find the average metabolic demand for resident midwater zooplankton can account for 1.3× the loss of sinking particulate organic carbon and particulate nitrogen fluxes, and 2.6× the loss of particulate phosphorus fluxes. Zooplankton metabolic demand for carbon remains significant (0.4‐1.9×) relative to the loss in sinking particulate fluxes, even when new depth‐specific dry weight conversion factors and recent global‐bathymetric models of zooplankton metabolism are applied. These new models reduce zooplankton carbon demands to reasonably match particle flux attenuation in the mesopelagic zone. Zooplankton metabolic demand for phosphorus is particularly large in comparison to particle flux attenuation (1.5‐9×), and when temporal change in the molar carbon : phosphorus ratio of the attenuation in particulate fluxes are considered, mesopelagic zooplankton in the NPSG may episodically become phosphorus‐limited. Midwater zooplankton have the potential to be important mediators of carbon flux to the deep ocean in the NPSG.


This thesis studies the combination of two well known formal systems for knowledge representation: probabilistic logic and justification logic. Our aim is to design a formal framework that allows the analysis of epistemic situations with incomplete information. In order to achieve this we introduce two probabilistic justification logics, which are defined by adding probability operators to the minimal justification logic J. We prove soundness and completeness theorems for our logics and establish decidability procedures. Both our logics rely on an infinitary rule so that strong completeness can be achieved. One of the most interesting mathematical results for our logics is the fact that adding only one iteration of the probability operator to the justification logic J does not increase the computational complexity of the logic.


A four-step methodology was developed to quantify the benefits of advanced stimulation technologies (AST). Four case studies are used to illustrate application of this methodology in a variety of study sizes to quantify the benefits of fracture treatment optimization, 3D fracture modeling, stress profiling, fracture treatment quality control, and on-site treatment diagnostics and real-time analysis. Benefits resulted from increased production, completion/stimulation cost savings, or some combination of both. Each of the case studies were selected to illustrate different aspects of the AST methodology and hurdles that often must be overcome in the documentation of benefits.


The vapor pressures of three binary systems, (ethyl hexanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)), (ethyl decanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)), and (ethyl tetradecanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)), were measured by means of a static apparatus at temperatures between (373.15 and 453.15) K. We correlated the data with the Antoine equation. The molar excess Gibbs energies GE obtained from these data by using Barker's method were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. A maximum azeotropic behavior is observed for the binary mixture {ethyl decanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)}. Positive values of the excess Gibbs energy are obtained for all of the investigated temperatures and compositions. The data were also correlated by using Wilson equation. The predicted GE obtained by using group contribution model, UNIFAC (Gmehling version), are different to the experimental values. These deviations are more important for systems {ethyl decanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)} and {ethyl tetradecanoate (1) + n-tetradecane (2)}.


The problems of the transnational ethnic groups,as a sort of phenomenon in the world arena,have significantly influenced on the modem international relations.This article has discussed the forms of the problems of the transnational ethnic groups in the international relations from the angels of history and reality in theory.It has also studied the orientations and developments of the problems at present.And the article reasons that we should form a new way of thinking and implement a proper policy in order to rationally deal with the problems.


With its relatively small key size, elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is considered as the public-key cryptographic algorithm of choice for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this work, we implemented ECC in the frequency domain, that is, by using the number theoretic transform, and without using hardware multiplier support, on the constrained MSP430 microcontroller widely used in WSNs. Our 169-bit ECC implementation uses Edwards curves and performs scalar point multiplication in only 1.97 and 0.98 s for multiplication of random and fixed points, respectively. Unlike many implementations in literature, our implementation does not use hardware multiplier support, which makes it desirable for low-power applications on constrained WSN platforms. To our knowledge, this study presents the first ever software implementation of ECC in the frequency domain on a constrained low-power microcontroller without hardware multiplier support. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this manuscript, a new approach using deep belief network (DBN) along opposition‐based hybrid grasshopper and honey bee optimization algorithm for lung cancer classification is proposed. Chest computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to diagnosis the lung tumors. Initially, the image quality is improved by preprocessing techniques, and then the features like texture, color and shape are extracted. Several functions have been originating from the second order first gray level statistics like modified angles, high‐order algebraic time invariant, Gaussian defining properties and new spectral power metrics. Recently, a local binary pattern geometric characteristic descriptor has been demonstrated in the extraction and classification of pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, some functionality is stripped away for comparison purposes. Dimension reduction is significant for the implementation of algorithms in machine learning. The other special approaches can be implemented to determine the functionalities due to vast set of features. To remove the unused and obsolete features between the feature selection approaches, the multivariate approach like local tangent space alignment is used. Finally, DBN is used to categorize pulmonary CT images as malignant or benign, and is calibrated to the detection of lung cancer classification by the opposition‐based hybrid grasshopper and honey bee optimization algorithm. The Lung Image Database Consortium including Image Resources Initiative database are analyzed the network services, and the experimental results shows that the DBN network represents 97.52% accuracy, 96% sensitivity and 94.58% specificity.


This paper presents the experiences of teachers in Good Practices of innovation, creativity, sustainability and dissemination developed during the 2018-2019 academic year. It also analyzed and identified key strategies, developed methodologies, approaches, strengths and weaknesses applied to teaching and learning, which favor students in the development of professional engineering skills. Thus, this article presents the results of the study of key indicators of good practices, an analysis of the video production of fourteen teachers of different Engineering subjects who were selected as good teachers by their students and teacher evaluation was performed. With the exploration of good practices, collaborative and autonomous improvement activities are proposed for the acquisition of the most relevant elements to improve the development of skills.


The Joint European Torus (JET) project is the key feature of the European fusion program, which has as its ultimate aim the development of a prototype nuclear fusion reactor. The experimental program of JET is set up in four main phases: ohmic heating, additional heating, optimization of performance in deuterium, and, finally the active phase, where experiments of thermonuclear fusion relevance will be attempted. As planned, JET operation started in June 1983 and the first phase was completed toward the end of 1984, when the additional heating phase started with the first 5MW of ion cyclotron radio-frequency heating (ICRH), while the first multimegawatt neutral injection system (eight injectors) became operational toward the end of 1985. The scientific results and technical performance thus far obtained have in some aspects exceeded expectations. However, a critical analysis of these results in relation to the ultimate goal of JET suggests that a program of machine enhancement has to be undertaken, in conjunction with the already established work for increasing additional heating up to 25 MW of high-grade power into the plasma, if the machine performance has to be brought close to ignition.


In transect butterfly surveys at 40 prairies in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota in summer each year during 1988-1997, we recorded 2403 adults ofPoweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) at 20 sites, 547 Dakota skippers (Hesperia dacotae) at 12 sites, 27 Ottoe skippers (H. ottoe) at one site, 290 Pawnee skippers (H. leonardus pawnee) at eight sites, and 81 Aro gos skippers (Atrytone arogos) at nine sites. In correlations of relative density (individualslkm) of the nalyzable species (all but Ottoe kipper), geographi cal factors (latitude and longitude) produced the most significant correla tions, followed by timi g (with higher numbers nearer noontime), and lastly weather (positive correlation with temperature, negative correlation with wind speed). The relative densities of these analyzable species showed more significant differences in relation to habita factors than to variables describ ing diurnal activity patterns or weather conditions. Relatively higher skipper densities occurred in drier, undegraded prairie vegetation in sites with di verse rather than uniform topography. Patterns of relative density also var ied among species with respect to management by idling, grazing, haying, or burning. Nectar visits by species, and by sex if possible, are reported. More instances of courtship rejection than mating were observed. On later dat s in the flight period, female Dakota skippers proportionately increased nd the sex ratio became more variable. With increasing relative density, the sex ratio of Dakota and Pawnee skippers became less variable and tended to ward values in the range of about an even ratio. The tallgrass prairie of central North America contains vegetation domi nated by herbaceous flora. Since European contact in North America, about 99% of tallgrass prairie has been destroyed in most central states and provinces, primarily for conversion to agriculture. Fragments of original (never tilled) prairie remain in preserves, parks, and unintensively utilized farmland (Curtis 1959, Samson and Knopf 1994). This vast habitat destruc tion has considerably reduced the abundance of many prairie-associated ani mals (Samson and Knopf 1994, 1995). Butterflies specialized to prairie are now relatively rare and primarily restricted to preserves (Opler 1981, John son 1986, Panzer et al. 1995, Panzer and Schwartz 1998). Among these are five skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): Poweshiek skipperling [Oarisma poweshiek (Parker 1870)1, Dakota skipper [Hesperia 1909 Birch Street, Baraboo, Wisconsin 53913 USA. 1 Swengel and Swengel: Observations of Prairie Skippers (Oarisma Poweshiek, Hesperia Published by ValpoScholar, 1999 268 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 32, No.4 Figure 1. Map of study area (in black), where the 40 study sites (listed in App. 1) are located.


Two groups of 3 rabbits each were immunized with either recombinant vaccinia virus, WR‐SFB5env, carrying the human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐1) env gene at the site of the hemagglutinin gene of the WR strain, or control vaccinia virus, HA‐WR, lacking the functional hemagglutinin gene. All 6 rabbits responded with anti‐vaccinia virus antibodies. WR‐SFB5env elicited anti‐HTLV‐1 env antibodies but no vesicular stomatitis virus (HTLV‐1) pseudotype neutralizing antibodies in all 3 rabbits. After 10 weeks, the animals were challenged by transfusion of blood from an HTLV‐1‐infected rabbit. Two of the 3 vaccinated rabbits and all 3 control rabbits became infected with HTLV‐1, as indicated by seroconversion and detection of HTLV‐1 proviral sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The rabbit that had been protected from initial challenge became infected with HTLV‐1 upon rechallenge 12 weeks after the first challenge. In view of the proven prophylactic effect of passive immunization against HTLV‐1, our vaccine trial failed because WR‐SFB5env was incapable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against HTLV‐1 in the immunized animals. It remains to be studied whether cell‐mediated immunity such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity was involved in the temporary protection of I vaccinated rabbit.


Computed tomography-based body composition (CTBC) metrics can provide a reliable measure of muscle and fat distribution. Their role in predicting outcomes following abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has yet to be investigated. This study explored the associations between CTBC and short-term postoperative outcomes after AAA repair.

 This single-centre retrospective study included patients who had undergone either elective or emergency AAA repair, via open or endovascular routes, from 2015 to 2020. The cross-sectional surface areas of skeletal muscle (SMI), and intramuscular (IMAT), visceral (VAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues were measured at the L3 vertebral level of a preoperative CT scan. Sarcopaenia was defined as SMI ≤38.5cm2 in women and ≤52.4cm2 in men. Cut-points for IMAT, VAT, and SAT were defined as the sex-specific median or mean for this study population.

 In total, 265 patients were included. SMI was higher in the open surgery group compared to the endovascular group (p=0.011). For infrarenal aneurysms, IMAT was higher in the endovascular group (p=0.021), however, for juxtarenal aneurysms, it was higher in the open surgery group (p=0.002). 76.6% of all patients had sarcopaenia but this was not associated with mortality (p=0.259), Clavien-Dindo class ≥2 complications (p=0.559), or length of stay (p=0.920). IMAT, VAT, and SAT were not associated with any measured outcomes.

 Body composition differences between open and endovascular patients highlight the potential for CTBC as a tool for patient stratification. However, at present, CTBC cannot predict short-term postoperative outcomes.

 There are significant differences in body composition between patients undergoing open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, highlighting the potential for CTBC to be used as a tool for patient stratification. However, at present, CTBC cannot predict short term postoperative outcomes.


This case report describes a pediatric physeal fracture that was notable because axillary artery entrapment developed as a result of a Salter-Harris type-II fracture of the proximal part of the humerus even though the fracture appeared to be nondisplaced on radiographs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this type of injury in the English-language literature; it highlights the need for careful neurovascular examination of all patients with fractures, even those that appear to be minimally displaced or nondisplaced. The patient and her parent were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and consent was provided in accordance with the requirements of our institutional review board.

A nine-year-old, otherwise healthy, right-hand-dominant girl presented to the emergency department after evaluation in an urgent care center with the symptom of "inability to feel" or move the left arm following a fall while doing cartwheels. She described falling in an "odd way" and feeling immediate pain in the left shoulder. She had a pulseless and cool left upper extremity. She was transferred to our children's hospital for additional evaluation and treatment. No radiographs had been taken at the urgent care center.

On arrival at the children's hospital, approximately four hours after injury, the patient had regained some subjective sensation in the arm; however, the extremity remained pulseless. The hand was cool to the touch, and the capillary refill was three seconds in all digits. Doppler ultrasound showed that pulses were absent distal to the axilla in the left arm. Radiographs of the affected shoulder and humerus were initially interpreted as normal in the emergency department. A vascular surgery consultation was obtained. Angiography of the left upper extremity showed complete interruption of blood flow of the axillary artery at the level of the axilla (Fig. 1). When …


Large‐bodied fish assemblages were assessed in large rivers across Ontario. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine if there were relationships in large‐bodied fish species within rivers; (ii) determine what factors explain the variability in the abundance of large‐bodied fish within rivers across Ontario; and (iii) assessed variation in large‐bodied fish biodiversity among these river. Standardized index netting was conducted at 22 sites across 12 major rivers and sampled 3889 fish representing 26 species. Species associations were evident based on correspondence analysis. Walleye, Common White Sucker, Northern Pike and Lake Whitefish formed one group; Silver Redhorse, Shorthead Redhorse and Lake Sturgeon (adult and juvenile) formed another; Burbot, Longnose Sucker and Sauger were closely associated; and Cisco, Yellow Perch, Rock Bass, Smallmouth Bass and Brown Bullhead grouped. Canonical correspondence analysis was conducted to link species abundance patterns to environmental conditions. Walleye, Common White Sucker, Lake Whitefish and Smallmouth Bass were ubiquitous. Northern Pike abundance was negatively correlated with river discharge and longitude. Burbot, Sauger and Longnose Sucker abundance were positively correlated with deep rivers and discharge. Whereas Cisco, Yellow Perch and Rock Bass abundance were greater in wider rivers with lower discharge. Lake Sturgeon (adult and juvenile), Silver Redhorse and Shorthead Redhorse abundance were greater in narrow, longer rivers. Juvenile Lake Sturgeon abundance was positively correlated with longitude and river discharge. Mean species diversity and richness of large‐bodied fish among all sites was 1.58 (0.36 SD) and 7.7 (2.6 SD). Species diversity was not significantly related to any of the variables used in the Generalized Linear Model; however, species richness was significantly related to maximum depth. This study demonstrated subtle differences in environmental variables affecting large‐bodied fish at the landscape scale rather than those observed at the river scale.


Line 56: "Overall adiposity, family history of T2D, parents being unemployed and high levels of triglycerides were associated risk factors for abnormal glycemic testing." Results, Line 216: "There was a statistically significant difference in the BMI Zscores between the three different groups of students showing normal glycemic testing, prediabetes and T2D (p=0·041), as shown in Table 3. The specific groups that differed were diabetic students versus those with normal glycemic testing (p=0·024)." Discussion, Line 235: "We also show that glycemic status among children is significantly associated with overall adiposity (BMI Z-score), family history of T2D, and levels of triglycerides." 3. In the correlation I suggest to use the waist-to-height ratio in order to test the influence of abdominal fat on pre-diabetes. Waist circumference, in fact, normally changes from 11 to 17 years and this change can be normalized with height. Once again, thank you for very valuable comments. Unfortunately we could not see any statistically significant difference in waist-to-height ratio scores in between the three different groups of students (Table 3). Please note additional data on waist-to-height ratio in Table 1 and 3. Reviewer 2: Maria Fiatarone Singh


As the rapid wind power build-out continues, a large number of new wind farms will come online but forecasters and forecasting algorithms have little experience with them. This is a problem for statistical short term forecasts, which must be trained on a long record of historical power production – exactly what is missing for a new farm. Focus of the study was to analyse development of the offshore wind power forecast (WPF) quality from beginning of operation up to one year of operational experience. This paper represents a case study using data of the first German offshore wind farm "alpha ventus" and first German commercial offshore wind farm "Baltic1". The work was carried out with measured data from meteorological measurement mast FINO1, measured power from wind farms and numerical weather prediction (NWP) from the German Weather Service (DWD). This study facilitates to decide the length of needed time series and selection of forecast method to get a reliable WPF on a weekly time axis. Weekly development of WPF quality for day-ahead WPF via different models is presented. The models are physical model; physical model extended with a statistical correction (MOS) and artificial neural network (ANN) as a pure statistical model. Selforganizing map (SOM) is investigated for a better understanding of uncertainties of forecast error.


This preliminary manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new di(4-bromoaryl)acetylenes by Sonogashira cross-coupling, initial attempts to transform model aryl bromides to aryl bo ...


The yield, cluster drop and nut traits of the hazelnut cultivars Tombul, Palaz and Cakildak in Turkey were examined during 2001-2002. The cluster drop ranged from 7.5 to 17.0%. The highest yield per shrub with 2,930 g in 2001 and 3,190 g in 2002 was found in cultivar Tombul. This cultivar was also better in terms of the studied fruit traits compared with the other cultivars. In this cultivar (in 2001 and 2002), nut numbers per cluster were 3.87 and 3.46, nut weights were 1.53 and 1.70 g, kernel weights 0.93 and 0.99 g, and kernel proportions were 50.9 and 53.8%.


Optical illusions can reveal the remarkable vulnerabilities of human visual perception as well as the populations most susceptible to these perceptual tricks. An online survey attached with the link to the optical illusions was sent through e-mails to each responder. The purpose of the survey was to collect the responses of 2,000 UCLA faculty and students (undergraduate and graduate) to different types of optical illusions , such as those involving motion, color, appearance and shape. The results of the survey demonstrated that females tend to be more susceptible to color, motion, and appearance optical illusions than males. But interestingly, there was no difference in viewing optical illusions in older and younger participants. Collectively these findings suggest that psychological and physiological effect on optical illusion may differ depending on the gender but not necessarily the age.


Screwing apparatus includes a support member having a horizontal support surface (35), a single pressing member opposed to the support surface in a pressing surface parallel to the support surface and (42). Screwing the object on the pallet (17) is sandwiched between the parallel support surfaces and the pressing surfaces to each other. Also pressing force from some of the screw (84) of the plurality of screws when screwing (84) is applied to the object, levelness of the object is maintained. A plurality of screws (84) can be screwed in reliably simultaneously uniform height.


We study the efficiency of two-qubit mixed entangled states as resources for quantumteleportation. We first consider two maximally entangled mixed states, viz., the Wernerstate[1], and a class of states introduced by Munro et al. [2]. We show that the Wernerstate when used as teleportation channel, gives rise to better average teleportation fidelitycompared to the latter class of states for any finite value of mixedness. We then introducea non-maximally entangled mixed state obtained as a convex combination of a two-qubitentangled mixed state and a two-qubit separable mixed state. It is shown that such ateleportation channel can outperform another non-maximally entangled channel, viz.,the Werner derivative for a certain range of mixedness. Further, there exists a rangeof parameter values where the former state satisfies a Bell-CHSH type inequality andstill performs better as a teleportation channel compared to the Werner derivative eventhough the latter violates the inequality.


An important factor that guarantees a persistent competitive advantage is the sustainability of the firm's capabilities or their core competences. These capabilities should form the basic support of firm's strategy. Several authors point out the importance of the information systems (IS) for firm competitive advantage. The main tenet of this paper is to define a coherent theoretical framework of reference which will lead to a broader understanding of the relationship between Logistics Information Systems (LIS) and RBV in an integrating conceptual model for gaining and sustaining competitive advantages of firms. The paper argues that most failures of firms can be attributed to the fact that resources and capabilities of firms were either not existing or not addresses correctly. Neglecting IS linkage to resources and capabilities is one main reason for the failure. In this sense, a precondition for a sustained competitive advantage is to admit LIS as specific source of firms' distinctive competences.


We propose a physical mechanism behind recent, unexplained observations of deleterious temporal instability that arises in Raman fiber lasers. We modelled the process and were able to simulate the threshold for instability at different pump-wavelengths.


In recent century, urban development has caused be numerous changes in spatial structure of Iranian cities. One of the most changes has occurred in the relationships between urban elements and effect on grand the mosque functional spatial characteristics. Sabzevar grand mosque is one of the important elements of the historic city with religious and social function and had important role in urban spatial relation and solidarity. But today, this element has lost role as an urban space and isolated other urban municipal functions. From the spatial characteristics of space, mosque is a part of urban opens spaces and interacts with it. The position of the mosque by the spatial configuration analysis and its impact on the use of space, flow and function is explained. Mosque has formed by open spaces and its relationship with city space in a complex system and has changed from a mere physical element, to an element with spatial nature. The main research object is to study of functional and spatial configuration of the city and the mosque and analysis of its effects on grand mosque spatial and functional properties between two historical periods (19072015). The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial characteristics of mosques and comparison with its existing functions. From Space Syntax theory; situations analysis and how to communicate these points in the city, indicate accessibility, hierarchy and choosing the paths leading to the specific points that have a direct relationship with the routing of these characteristics and mental structure of space urban. The important aspect in this research is topological analysis of urban spaces and their comparison to analysis of functional relationships. In other words; the availability of space or urban areas does not necessarily mean short distance and close it (physically), but the availability and arrangement of space or places dependent on the construction of urban space. Therefore, urban open spaces and the arrangement of the physical elements followed on space topological characters such as integration and choice, and features structural and functional relationship forms. Research is a quantitative-comparative study using spatial parameters as,integration, connectivity and choice which referred in the theory of space syntax analysis. The results showed that despite an increase of integration and connectivity the grand mosque in 2015, the standard deviation of historical mosque in the city has increased. The spatially the grand mosque in 1907, the integration of spatial and Journal of Reasearch in Islamic Architecture / No.11 / summer 2016 Received: 01/05/2016 Accepted: 28/08/ 2016 D ow nl oa de d fr om jr ia .iu st .a c. ir at 1 5: 28 IR S T o n W ed ne sd ay M ar ch 7 th 2 01 8


The digital transformation of the judiciary actualizes scientific problems of a managerial nature related to the search for more effective organizational forms of judicial activity in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to justify the scientific concept of the organization of judicial activity, the content of which would make it possible to improve the processes of intrasystem management of the activities of the courts to achieve the goals of the formation of the information society and digital economy. The worldview and methodological basis were the work of scientists and the methods used by them in the analysis of the general theory of public management and public administration. The modern scientifically grounded concept of the organization of judicial activity is a system of guiding ideas that define, for a clearly defined perspective, the tasks, principles, directions and organizational and legal forms of public administration in the judicial sphere to achieve national goals. The content of this concept is an intra-system organizational and management activity, considered in two aspects: functional (goals, objectives, principles, directions, forms and means) and institutional (legal statuses, structure of the judicial organization, judicial self-government bodies, public service). It is argued that the intrasystem judicial management reveals the content of the analyzed concept. The authors, analyzing the terms «judicial management» and «judicial administration», consider them close, but not identical, the criterion for distinguishing them is the professionalization of subjects of organizational and managerial activity. The work defines the strategic goals of the judicial management, its main directions. The conclusion is substantiated that a new type of judicial organization will reflect its technological effectiveness and will result from the modification of its model: from the organization of judges and judicial personnel to the model of a unified organization of judges, court administrations and information systems. This organizational regularity will need to be taken into account in judicial reform plans.


There have been obtained pyroxene glass-ceramic products starting from basalt-based glasses with nucleation agents addition (TiO2, CaF2, ZrO2). The activation energy of the crystallization processes has been determined based on thermal analysis (DTA). The physicomechanical properties of the obtained glass ceramic products have been correlated with their composition, obtaining conditions and texture. Introduction Glass ceramics based on basalt (easy accessible natural rock) develop a high mechanical and abrasion resistance as well as a good chemical stability [1,2].The studies in the literature [1-3], as well as a series of our own [4-7], show that reaching the physico-mechanical and chemical high performances for glass-ceramics assumes to choose an optimum chemical composition for the basalt glass, using the proper nucleation agents and adequate thermal treatments to make possible the crystallization processes. The main crystalline phase in basalt-based glass ceramics is the pyroxene solid solution: (Ca,Mg,Fe)SiO3 [1,5-7]. Some kinetic studies of the crystallization processes in the basalt-based glass ceramics, in which different nucleation agents (TiO2, CaF2, ZrO2) have been used represented the object of some previous papers [8,9]. The purpose of the present paper is to establish a correlation between the composition of the basalt glass, the proportion and the nature of the nucleation agents, the activation energy of the crystallization processes and the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained glass-ceramics. Experimental First, there have been elaborated the basalt based glasses using as main raw material the Şanoviţa basalt (Timiş) having the chemical composition presented in table 1 (sample SB). Table 1. Oxide composition (% weight) of the studied mixtures. Sample symbol SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O+ K2O TiO2 Molar ratio: SiO2/MeO SB 52.21 12.33 9.55 14.29 10.29 1.18 0.15 1.378 BD 46.39 10.98 8.45 21.00 11.42 1.65 0.11 1.009 BVM 50.82 12.05 9.28 15.48 11.08 1.14 0.15 1.266 In order to realize a molar ratio SiO2/MeO (Me=Ca, Mg, Fe) close to 1 (specific for the pyroxene solid solution) glasses BD and BVM have been elaborated; their composition has been obtained by MgCO3 and CaCO3 addition to the natural basalt (SB). Based on our experience and on the literature data [1-7] concerning the obtainment of pyroxene glass ceramic products, there have been also elaborated basalt glasses having in their composition different nucleating agents: 3%CaF2 (sample Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 1879-1882 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.264-268.1879 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,18:14:13) BD-F3), 5%CaF2 (sample BD-F5), 8%CaF2 (sample BD-F8), 10%CaF2 (sample BD-F10), 1%TiO2 (sample BD-T1), 2%TiO2 (sample BD-T2), 5%TiO2 (sample BD-T5 and BVM-T5), 10%TiO2 (sample BD-T10 and BVM-T10), 15% TiO2 (sample BVM-T15), 20% TiO2 (sample BVM-T20) respective 5%-TiO2+2%-ZrO2 (sample BD-T5+Z2) and 10%-TiO2+2%-ZrO2 (sample BD-T10+Z2). After homogenization, the mixtures have been charged in sintered alumina crucibles and melted in an electrical oven having SiC bars, for two hours, at 1350oC. The obtained smelts have been than fritted by pouring in cold water and the resulted glasses have been milled up to a 3% rest on the sieve having the side of the mesh 100 μm. The obtained samples have been thermally analyzed (DTA) using a C MOM Hungary derivatograph. In all the cases the weight of the sample was the same (m= 800 mg) and the heating rate varied between 4 and 20°C min -1 . For each heating rate there have been determined the temperature at which the crystallisation process devolves at the maximum speed (T). The activation energies of the crystallization processes have been calculated using Kissinger's equation [10]. The crystalline phase formed after the thermal treatment was identified by X-Ray diffraction, using a DRON 3 diffractometer ( CuKα). Further on, there have been obtained glass-ceramics starting from the basalt glasses, with nucleators addition, applying individualized thermal treatments based on the previous thermal analysis, maintaining the samples for two hours at the optimum crystallization temperature. The heating rate has been the same for all the samples, 4°C min -1 and the samples have been coolled in the oven. After cooling, the samples have been subjected to a series of measurements: density, Vickers microhardness and compression resistance. The texture of the obtained glass-ceramics has been observed by electron microscopy. Results and Discussion The peak temperatures (T) of crystallization for different heating rates, the calculated values of the activation energies for all the studied samples, as well as the correlation coefficients (ρ) are presented in table 2. Table 2. The peak temperatures (T) of crystallization for different heating rates, the calculated values of the activation energies (E) and the correlation coefficients (ρ). Sample E ρ T (°C) for different heating rates [kJmol -1 ] 4° min -1 8° min -1 12° min -1 16° min -1 20° min -1 BD 292.3 0.99993 860.25 884.10 898.80 910.02 917.98 BD-F3 254.4 0.999.44 841.88 867.75 883.45 895.98 906.64 BD-F5 249.3 0.99868 825.87 849.93 867.43 878.40 889.87 BD-F8 240.8 0.99896 796.79 822.94 836.90 849.22 860.30 BD-F10 236.0 0.99909 788.16 812.23 828.84 840.47 851.10 BD-T1 257.6 0.99899 873.09 898.85 916.27 930.18 940.19 BD-T2 266.0 0.99848 863.55 887.90 904.69 916.10 928.03 BVM 409.6 0.99367 906.56 923.04 932.37 943.79 951.57 BVM-T10 334.9 0.99907 846.08 865.14 877.86 888.19 895.15 BD-T5-Z2 367.0 0.99972 842.26 860.86 871.67 880.36 887.37 BD-T10-Z2 382.7 0.99888 838.36 854.92 866.07 873.84 881.35 The data presented in table 2 allow us to make the following observations: – starting from sample BD, by adding CaF2 as nucleation agent, the activation energies of the crystallization processes decrease as the amount of CaF2 increases; the peak temperatures of the crystallization processes (T) decrease as the CaF2 content increases; 1880 Euro Ceramics VIII


The mobile robots can have various appearances, dynamics and configurations of actuators: wheels for ground vehicles; legs for walking robots; propellers, waterjets, rudders and fins for marine robots; propellers, reactive engines and wings for aircraft. Nevertheless, many problems of their navigation and motion control can be solved in a unified manner. The navigation modules implemented in proprietary industrial-grade autopilots or open-source motion controllers mainly support only very basic functionalities, e.g. traveling with a predefined heading at a prescribed speed. However, many practical applications require to fulfill more complicated control tasks, such as obstacle avoidance, monitoring, surveillance or patrolling of a given area, convoying and covert tracking of mobile targets. The first problem addressed in this research is the precise path following control problem by using the nonlinear guiding vector field approach for underactuated and constrained robots for which the class of trajectories a robot can follow is restricted by its dynamics. Special attention is given to examine stability and convergence properties of the motion control algorithm and explicitly estimate a region of initial conditions, for which convergence to the desired path can be ensured. The second problem of motion control, addressed in this research, is active oscillation damping using the theory of optimal universal controllers. The proposed solution is developed in the context of roll stabilization for marine crafts, which guaranties optimal damping of roll oscillations for a wave-induced disturbance; however, the proposed approach can also be used for active vibration control of aircraft and automobiles.


Brain biopsy specimens from a 38‐year‐old woman with adversive seizures and bifrontal mass lesions evident on computed tomographic scans showed extracellular and intracellular deposits of crystallized protiens. These were morphologically identical to the immunoglobylin crystals seen in reactive or neoplastic plasma cells and by peroxidase‐antiperoxidase methods were found to contrain polyclonal immunoglobulins. In addition, severe angiitis of the intracerebral blood vessels was present.


This study focuses on student discipline as related to the perceptions, work, and backgrounds of effective Black and White teachers. The article expands current knowledge by reporting findings from a case study of 4 teachers (2 African Americans and 2 Whites) employed in an urban, predominately African American middle school. Interviews, field visits, and documents were analyzed according to guidelines created by Miles and Huberman (1994) and collectively point to four themes: (a) learning-based perceptions of student behavior, (b) the role of preservice teacher preparation, (c) the influence of remembered teachers and teacher mentors, and (d) outreach efforts to students' parents and families. The study's implications for future scholarship and practice are considered.


The Whole World Lies Open before You!

In the 1890s, it was still uncommon for female missionaries to work alone in the field. At home, the members of the mission had difficulties imagining a woman in the traditional, heroic role of the missionary, and the use of women as preachers was a hotly debated question in missionary circles as a whole. The female missionary not only challenged the views of suitable female behaviour in the society of the 1890s, but she also challenged, in the eyes of many, what a woman was allowed to do according to the Bible. In this essay, I will discuss the behaviour of the female missionaries against this background of either active resistance or suspicion. I use examples from the missionary field most attractive to women: China - the country where 400 million heathens stumbled in darkness.

There were two ways in which these pioneers could behave: "A humble sister" plays down or keeps silent about the things that might provoke the contemporary view of women. In her letters home she does not mention the possible dangers a woman could encounter in China; sex is another banned topic. Others present themselves as combatants in the fight against heathendom and stress the adventures they have faced. These women soldiers were hard-working, too, and keen to stress the fruits of their labours, building up lifelong projects, like Klara Hall, who in 1896 opened a home for "abandoned girls".

The essay aIso analyses how the missionaries, together with the organisers at home, tailored their stories to awaken the public's interest in order to forward the mission's cause. What significance did these impressions of the work have for those back home?

Finally, I conclude by maintaining that the descriptions of the poverty and want in the heathen countries, disseminated through Sunday schools, schools, prayer meetings, religious literature etc., sharpened our consciences, our sense of guilt and of gratitude. At the same time that the mission's picture created and reinforced our view of ourselves, it established and strengthened the 'good' norms of modern society and was a part of society's disciplinary power.


Growing concerns on non-renewable fossil fuel resources and anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have drawn attention to the development of sustainable and renewable energies through the use of functional nanostructures. A sustainable approach that can yield multiple advantages is the engineering of nanostructures from recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) materials. The present work reports a simplified, high-yield, and controllable strategy to fabricate Cu-based heterojunction ultrathin films with a stratified structure, in which the number, composition, and structure of layers can be tailored, through an assembly of two-dimensional (2D) Cu-based nanosheets. As electrodeposited, the bilayer Cu/Cu2O-Cu(OH)2 exhibited a pseudocapacitance behaviour, showing high power density with a promising potential for energy storage applications. Rapid, low-temperature thermal treatment then led to a partial transformation of Cu and Cu2O-Cu(OH)2 layers into CuO, resulting in the formation of a trilayer heterojunction ultrathin film with high energy harvesting performance as a photocathode for hydrogen production, where the significantly improved electron/hole separation and increased number of active sites across the interfacial regions resulted in an outstanding photoelectrochemical current density of 2.6 mA·cm-1 at -0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Lastly, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing three different scenarios from which the pristine material is obtained (i.e., recycled or pure resources), was conducted to evaluate environmental impacts associated with the recycling and production processes of such nanomaterials. The LCA results highlighted the importance of such value-added recycling on the environment, and the immense potential of e-waste applicability in developing advanced functional nanomaterials.


Considering the increasing demand for workers in construction, along with the rising cost of skilled labor, building systems that aim to gain in productivity is conquering space. This gain occurs through processes that reduce the runtime of the structure, the number of employees at the work site, and its size.  Within the choice of the structural system, the most common solutions in these situations are the steel structures and buildings in precast concrete, which demonstrate a much more mechanized and industrial face to the construction environment. Systems, such as steel and concrete precast have a basic difference in relation to conventional concrete structures, which is the connection. The structure, different from the more usual processes, is assembled from parts, which are in general, pillars, beams and slabs. This work aims to develop a methodology and a program to determine the stiffness of these connections in structures of precast concrete systems conventional or not and analyzing the connection of ALBUQUERQUE (2007). For it, will be used the components method validated by experimental results in the literature.


Combining Climate modeling results with geological climate records of mid-Holocene,we analyze the analog of summer precipitation change patterns between mid-Holocene and the late 21st century climate change scenarios over East Asia.The results show that the pattern of East Asian summer precipitation change in mid-Holocene is similar to that in the late 21st century to a certain degree.We find two key areas: one in the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau,the other in the southwest of Xinjiang,with increased precipitation by more than 1.5mm/day and decreased precipitation up to 0.1mm/day under both warming conditions,respectively.Meanwhile,the simulated mid-Holocene precipitation is qualitatively consistent with relevant geological climate records.Therefore the pattern of East Asian summer precipitation change in mid-Holocene can be taken as a historical analog pattern for the future in the study area in some degree.


Susiea newsalemae Taylor, DeVore & Pigg gen. et sp. nov. is described for distinctive seeds referable to the water lily family Nymphaeaceae from the Late Paleocene Almont Flora of central North Dakota, U.S.A. Seeds are oval to barrel shaped, 5 mm
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\end{document} μm wide with smooth cell margins lacking papillae. The operculum is 1 mm across and surrounded by a narrow furrow, covering the micropyle but not the hilum. The raphe and micropyle are separated by several cells. Several specimens have a small embryo cavity surrounded by a small area of presumed endosperm below the micropyle and a well‐developed perisperm filling the rest of the seed cavity. Susiea seeds are most similar to those of extant Euryale but differ in features of the epidermal cells, seed coat, and raphe morphology. They also share some features with Nymphaea, Nuphar, and Victoria. Susiea appears distinct from the permineralized fossil seeds of the middle Eocene Allenbya from the Princeton chert, Nuphar wutuensis from the Eocene of China, and Nuphar cf. wutuensis from the same Almont beds. Susiea is the oldest fossil taxon of the Euryale lineage, extending the previous Oligocene record back to the Late Paleocene and documenting a significantly older age for the Euryale/Victoria clade that is clearly a derived lineage based on phylogenetic analyses of modern taxa.


This study is a survey of leisure activities of national champions in Taeneung Training Camp. It was performed between Sep. 21, 1985 and Sep. 24, 1985. The total number of selected players is 190 ; 85 of individual sports, 51 of combative sports and 55 of group sports. A questionnaire with 38 items was used for this study. Through the survey, the differences in leisure activities according to sex, event, belongings and other related factors are identified respectively on weekdays, on Saturdays and on Sundays. The evaluation and responses of the players to their own leisure activities are also included. The result of the survey can be summarized as follows. 1. The State of Leisure Activities 1) On Weekdays a. rest and sleep, b. to enjoy the radio, TV and music, c. to chatter with friends, These activities are limited to the restful and passive recreation. 2) On Saturdays a) the activities outside the camp a. to meet friends, b. to play billiard games and bowling, c. to go to the movies, d. to go home, b) the activities in the camp the restful and passive activities such as those on weekdays. The remarkable finding is that the activities outside the camp are comparatively more constructive and active than those in the camp. Generally, their activities on weekdays, Saturdays and Sundays are limited to the restful and passive recreation. 3) On Sundays a) the activities at home (1) to watch TV (2) to talk with family members (3) to take a rest b) the activities outside home (1) to meet friends (2) to go shopping and eatout (3) to listen to music at a tearoom c) the activities in the camp similar to the activities on weekdays 2. Evaluation and Response to Their Own Leisure Activities. 1) To the question about satisfaction with their leisure activities, the positive answer is 45.5% and the negative 54.5%. 2) To the question about in what respects the leisure activities are helpful, they believe that the leisure activities are good for their better works and mental and psychological effects. 3) To the question about the factors which impede the leisure activities, they think that "lack in spare time" and "lack in equipments and facilities for the leisure activities" are the interfering factors. 4) Generally their preference is limited to the passive recreation. But men are more interested in the active recreation than women, and the players of combative and group sports are more interested in the constructive recreation than those of individual sports. 5) The reason for the preference of the constructive recreation is that it is good for "stress outlet", "diversion" and "getting cheerful". The reason for that of the passive recreation is that it doesn`t impose burden on the players who are exhausted with hard training and also have to prepare for tomorrow`s training. 6) Most of the players recognize the worth and necessities of leisure activities.


Modeling cardiac contractility in pre-clinical catheterization laboratory settings remains an important task to collect results under controlled hemodynamic conditions, while providing an assessment of systolic and diastolic indices. Diligent hemodynamic monitoring with acute-based pressure-volume modeling uncovers early indicators of heart failure (HF). In this article, basic procedural assessments are outlined, while deeper dive into systolic index of contractility, the end systolic elastance is provided with references to older, while comparing it to novel approaches. Transient preload reduction using inferior vena cava occlusion (IVCO) is the current standardized maneuver used in hemodynamic protocols to provide an assessment of contractile responsiveness. In this article an example of standard measures from a single catheterization lab were depicted using tables and figures, giving background to transient preload reduction to assess the values of systolic cardiac contractility. Additionally, novel twists on other possible index(ices) coming from capturing ES point may well present future opportunities to collect systolic cardiac contractility. In this instance, both single beat systolic PPESPVR and IVCO using ES points present unique opportunities in this niche area of research. Final two sections of this article are dedicated to procedural steps and how to standardize execution of IVCO. Final section is reserved for analytical steps of how to visually compare systolic indices post-IVCO in case of linear and quadratic relationship.


An efficient method is given for the optimal design of band-limited, Nyquist-type signal shapes for data transmission, which maximises its energy in a time interval and which generates no intersymbol interference at the periodic sampling instants. The computation is straightforward and the constraint for intersymbol interference is shown to be easy to include in the problem. A numerical example is given and performance of the optimal signal shapes is compared with that resulting from the use of the 'raisedcosine' and the 'modified triangular' types of signals. It is also concluded that the optimal signal shapes thus obtained are almost immune to small timing offsets at the sampling instants.


zealous taste for hot chile, and day after day, if it appears to be well-cooked, little Annie feasts on chile for luncheon. When her lunch hour is over, Annie appears at the desk punctually, never a minute late. It is this promptness that makes everyone say, "You can always count on Annie." Near closing time, when everyone begins to watch the clock, Annie is often asked for the time. With Annie it is never "twenty five to five," but always "twenty and five to five." Her ride home from work is unusual, too, for instead of being "packed like sardines in a can," the passengers on Annie's bus are "packed like 'errings in a 'boax'." "-an' it's pitch black dark where I get off near the 'droogstore' ." Annie, with her lovable ways and speech, has won the hearts of everyone in the department. Her friends are many; her enemies, few or none. Her determination to "get things done right," deliberately and uncomplainingly, and her slow smile as she replies, "Oh, I'm pretty good, considerin' myoid age," has lent a delightful charm to "ya'd goods on the fo'th floor."


The disposal of the huge volume of glass waste is one of the significant environmental issues that need to be addressed. One of the efficient ways to solve this problem is to incorporate ground glass waste in concrete mixtures. However, its inherent surface smoothness and microcracks within the glass particle harm the hardened properties of concrete. Minimizing the particle size and controlling the amount of cement in the mixture can reduce the adverse effect of using glass in concrete. This study utilized ground glass waste (850 μm) as aggregate filler in a concrete mix. More specifically, this study investigated the effect of paste volume (Vp) on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete with ground glass waste as aggregate filler. Based on the test results, ground glass waste as aggregate filler negatively affects the workability of fresh concrete, but increasing the amount of paste can mitigate it. Vp values in terms of void volume (Vv) in the aggregates of 1.6Vv and 1.8Vv achieved satisfactory consistency of fresh concrete. In addition, the concrete compressive strength increased when increasing Vp. The test results have shown that ground glass waste has the potential to be utilized as aggregate filler in concrete mixtures.


The technological advances made in the recent years have moved beyond the conventional research and design framework that used to singularly focus on the problem at hand and resolve it using the best approaches within the same field. Current systems cater for crossbridges across disciplines for problem solving, a process that creates multiple opportunities toward sustainable and cutting-edge innovations. This design of inter-relationality across dimensions has served well in developing modern techniques such as the use of brain waves to understand human behavior and similar methods toward the introduction of machine learning (ML) stemming from artificial intelligence (AI). This has also led to popular and insightful methods such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI) that are gaining much momentum especially in modern medicine. However, much needs to be done in the field of neurosciences and computer systems to exploit the resources for their respective progression and nurture the existing ecosystem. This chapter will provide an overview of a "DNA model" concept that shows the relative interdependence of brain sciences and computer systems in research and unravel unexplored areas for probing scientists.


The paper first explains the significance of the complex of human capital and investments in human capital in terms of the comprehensive application of the scientific results in the production process. This is followed by the basic economic analysis of the importance of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge for the development of enterprises and individual economies. After reviewing the role of certain forms of research and development in the creation of economic value, the accent is placed on the understanding of knowledge as the component of human capital in the economic growth model. It is pointed out that in contrast to the neoclassical models that stress the importance of the process of physical capital accumulation, in models of endogenous growth the source of growth is in the process of knowledge accumulation. Endogenous growth models recognize the existence of knowledge that is not mere public goods, i.e. that has the status of the market goods. This means that some knowledge is not fully accessible to all market subjects. It refers to knowledge which is protected by various forms of intellectual property or is potentially inaccessible for use by the interested entities. Such knowledge can be treated as the production factor equal to the physical capital, which has its appropriate market structure.


a new approach combines a derived from the minimisation approach for measuring shear-wave with an existing splitting combined approach we identify 30 SKS-SKKS event-station pairs as discrepant. These predominantly along a backazimuth range of 260° 290°. our results we interpret a region of anisotropy in D (cid:48)(cid:48) beneath the Eastern Pacific, characterised by null SKS and mean delay time of 1 15 s in SKKS. These measurements corroborate and expand upon previous observations made using SKS-SKKS and S-ScS phase in this Our preferred explanation for this anisotropy is the lattice-preferred orientation 28 (LPO) of post-perovskite. A plausible mechanism for the deformation causing this 29 anisotropy is the impingement of subducted material from the Farallon slab at the core- 30 mantle boundary. 31


Suppression of uninvolved, polyclonal immunoglobulins (classical immunoparesis) has been identif ied as a risk factor of MGUS progression in some , but not in all studies . Using HLC immmunoassays, it is possible to measure the isotype-specif ic suppression of the uninvolved HLC pair (e.g. suppression of IgAl in an IgAk patient) (Section 11.2). Emerging evidence suggests that this 'HLC pair suppression' may have prognostic importance in MGUS patients.


This article offers a conceptual framework for analyzing the development of participation rights before the executive branch of the European Community - the European Commission. Process rights before the Commission can be divided into three categories, each of which is associated with a distinct phase in Community history and a particular set of institutional actors. The first set of rights, the right to be heard when the Commission inflicts sanctions or other forms of hardship in individual proceedings, emerged in the 1970s in competition law. This phase was driven by the Court f Justice, influenced by the English administrative law doctrine of natural justice. The second stage occurred in the 1990s, with the right to transparency in all Community activities, including those of the Commission. The drive for transparency was led by member countries with long-standing traditions of open government - the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland - and by the European Parliament. The third and most recent phase is the debate on whether and under what conditions individuals, firms, and their associations, billed as "civil society," should take part in Community lawmaking and rulemaking. The Commission and the Convention on the Future of Europe, which produced the Constitutional Treaty, have been the keenest proponents of giving citizens and their associations a right to participate in rulemaking and legislative proceedings. In conclusion, the article argues that, in the absence of a European consensus on interest representation, it would be premature to create a court-enforced right to civil society participation.


Tesla's rapid rise to become one of the world's most influential automakers has marked the start of a new era in the global automobile industry, where many of the traditional auto companies were overshadowed by Tesla's dominance. Judging from Politics, Economy, Society and Technology perspectives, Tesla's market value can potentially be overvalued due to its leading role in the Electrical vehicle market. Economically, Tesla facilities the growth of global economy by creating more employments and manufacturing factories. Socially and politically, Tesla's Electrical Vehicle reduces the level of negative externalities (e.g., pollution), which aligns with the developmental frameworks proposed by governmental policies and regulations. Meanwhile in technological aspect, Tesla pioneers the innovative design of battery pack to reduce the overall cost of battery and seeks to integrate better automatic driving system into electrical vehicle. Given those merits of Tesla, overoptimism on its stock price is expected. Therefore, it is important for stock traders who are willing to throw money at Tesla to ruminate over their choices before making the investment. In this study, the results of valuation methods indicate that true market value of Tesla has been overestimated due to its irregularly high operating cash flow, price-to-earnings ratio and enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ratio, suggesting its stock price is overvalued.


ABSTRACT We report here the 4.19-Mb draft genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis VSD4, a Gram-positive bacterium of the Bacillaceae family, isolated from leaves of Hedera helix growing at a high-traffic city center in Belgium. Knowledge about its genome will help to evaluate its potential as an inoculant in phylloremediation applications.


Solid state NMR techniques offer a non-destructive alternative to wet chemistry methods in following enantiomeric excess and reactions in chiral clathrates, and show that the two optically distinct populations, one of which cannot be defined by X-ray diffraction, can be characterized by their distinct dynamic behaviour.