Abstract A novel operational mode of foam separation was suggested in this study. In a conventional operation, the separation of a target solute has its own limit because non-target ones exist in the interstitial water between foam and get mixed in the recovered foamate solution. As a countermeasure for this inherent drawback in foam separation, an aqueous surfactant solution was injected into the rising foam bed to enhance a downflow of the interstitial water containing unfavourable solutes. The flow characteristics of the system with and without the injection of a washing solution were investigated in terms of the liquid holdup, ϕ and the drainage velocity, U LD , under various operating conditions. Their correlation was obtained as U LD (cm s −1 ) = 1.85 ϕ 2  + 0.0005. The application to metal separation was also performed using a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (PONPE 20), with an affinity to Au(III). The non-specific metal, Cu(II), was effectively washed out from the foam bed, and satisfactory separation of Au(III) was attained.


Abstract The subcellular distribution of lead in the rat was investigated in 4 soft tissues (heart, liver, kidney, and spleen) after the intraperitoneal administration of lead chloride solutions labeled with the short-lived gamma-emitting isotope 203 Pb. Tissues were fractionated into nuclear, mitochondrial-lysosomal, microsomal, and soluble fractions at intervals between 2 hours and 14 days after the administration of the isotope. Renal tissues underwent a further separation into mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions by means of density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The distribution of lead was determined by measurement of the radioactivity and expressed in terms of the protein content of each fraction; the spleen and kidney contained considerable amounts of lead, the liver contained relatively less, and the heart contained very little. All tissues except heart contained appreciable amounts of lead per unit weight of protein in the soluble and combined mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions. Fractionation of the renal homogenate into mitochondrial and lysosomal components showed that most of the lead was bound to the mitochondria and little to the lysosomes. The lead content of all fractions decreased progressively with time and this was most marked in the microsomal-soluble fraction and least in the lysosomal fraction. Pretreatment of the animals orally with unlabeled lead acetate (300 mg. per kilogram of body weight) daily for 7 days diminished the uptake of radioactive lead by the mitochondria by 30 to 40 per cent as compared with controls. Lead was still detectable in all 4 soft tissue fractions 2 weeks after administration. As the changes induced in the lead concentration of tissues were subtoxic, it is suggested that the observed differences in the binding of lead to particular fractions may represent normal turnover.


Abstract : The true costs of construction injuries consist of both direct costs, principally the worker's compensation claims, as well as indirect costs, which are less tangible but certainly real in terms of lost profits. For too long, the construction industry has largely viewed accidents as the cost of doing business. The true costs of accidents are often ignored by allocating worker compensation claims to company overhead costs and permitting job site indirect costs to be hidden in the direct labor and equipment cost codes for the project. By doing so, management is unable to identify, monitor and control these costs. A previous study sponsored by the Construction Industry Institute (CII), sought to estimate these indirect costs for both medical cases and restricted activity/ lost time accidents. The evidence of nearly 600 cases revealed that indirect costs exceed the direct costs by factors of 4:1 for medical cases and 20.1 for lost time accidents when an appropriate allowance is included in the indirect costs for liability claims.


Purpose: The model proposed in this paper addresses a dynamic optimization model for allocating medical resources in epidemic controlling. Design/methodology/approach: In this work, a three-level and dynamic linear programming model for allocating medical resources based on epidemic diffusion model is proposed. The epidemic diffusion model is used to construct the forecasting mechanism for dynamic demand of medical resources. Heuristic algorithm coupled with MTLAB mathematical programming solver is adopted to solve the model. A numerical example is presented for testing the model's practical applicability.


Objective:
To compare onlay versus sublay mesh repair for ventral abdominal hernias in terms of mean operative team, frequency of post-operative wound infection, seroma formation and hematoma formation.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Dec 2017.
Material and Methods:
A total of 78 patients (39 in each group) diagnosed as a case of ventral abdominal hernia meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients with complicated hernias, recurrent hernias and bleeding disorders were excluded. Group-A patients underwent mesh repair by the onlay method while group-B patients underwent mesh hernioplasty via the sublay technique. All patients were followed for wound infection, seroma formation and hematoma formation. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 23.0.
Results:
The mean operation time in group A was 46.10 ± 7.25 minutes while in group B, the mean operation time was 77.82 ± 9.97 minutes (p<0.001). The frequency of wound infection was 5.13% vs 0% (p=0.49) and hematoma formation was 5.13% vs 7.69% (p=0.999) between the two groups respectively which were statistically insignificant. However, seroma formation between the two groups was 23.08% vs 5.13%, which was statistically significant (p=0.023).
Conclusion:
Sublay mesh repair for ventral hernias is better than onlay mesh repair for ventral abdominal wall hernias in terms of frequency of complications. However, it requires a longer operative time.


Renal hemodynamics and plasma renin activity were studied during acute and chronic renal artery constriction produced by an externally controlled snare in conscious dogs. Renal vascular resistance immediately decreased, then increased to a level above control after approximately 1 hour, and continued to increase until the second day after constriction. Total renal flow rate was unchanged in the first hour, decreased in the second hour, and decreased further between the first and the second day after constriction. Renal artery pressure distal to the snare increased after the initial stenosis but remained below the control level. Changes in renal artery pressure were dependent primarily on renal vascular resistance rather than on aortic blood pressure. Analysis of 133Xe-clearance curves showed that the fractional weight of and the fractional flow to the fastest-clearing compartment decreased after the first hour and decreased further between the first and the second day after constriction. Plasma renin activity rose immediately, began to drop on the first day after constriction, and was essentially normal by the second day. No parameter changed significantly after the second day, and no hemodynamic factor was consistently correlated with changes in plasma renin activity. These results do not confirm an apparent correlation between renal vasodilation and renin release reported in an earlier study.


This paper aims to review the contributions and issues of phenomenological research that have so far emerged in tourism research and to explore what opportunities and potentials phenomenology as a philosophical and theoretical framework could provide to tourism experience research. Particularly when describing the travel experience projected and constructed through the embodiment of people with disabilities, the body-centered philosophy illustrated in Merleau-Ponty's  is an epistemological paradigm with a more subjective perspective. Findings revealed that, as opposed to studies that formed discourse and were devoted to European phenomenological philosophy or epistemology, the majority of phenomenological studies in tourism literature use phenomenological methods that newly appeared in combination with American pragmatism. In order to develop the theory and discourse of the tourism experience and ensure proper application of the methodology, it is necessary to understand the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of phenomenology. The phenomenology and theory of Merleau-Ponty could be a useful substitute for describing and approaching the body and subjectivity of people with disabilities who view life and travel from a different angle. Despite the limitations of the alternatives discussed in this study, it is anticipated that a wide range of in-depth discourses and issues will emerge as a theoretical framework for investigating the significance of the physicality of women with disabilities in the travel experience and how it will be reflected in the ensuing research.


Urbanization is the inevitable outcome of development of society and economy, which necessarily brings about city problems and environmental problems, and intensifies the contradiction among population, resources and environment. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, the municipal area and population of city increase by degrees in China, industry and economy growing rapidly, and the sources of energy were continually consumed. Large amount of heat was discharged, which results in the worse situation of urban environment of metropolis. City climate, as one of the important component of city environment, plays an important role in affecting city space environment and urban planning. Based on protecting the urban ecomanagement, It is of great significance to study the acclimated urban planning and design in order to create comfortable environment and energy saving environment, which is one of the strategies of city sustainable development principles. In this research, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is applied to study the mutual relation between city climate and urban planning. Taking the Hanyang new city of Wuhan in China as a study case, this paper introduces how to apply the CFD stimulation of the digital model of metropolis to thermal environment study. According to the simulation, the analysis is given, which can be used to optimize the design continually and explore the regular pattern to make the project design improved. Based on these analysis, the problems related to the architecture and urban design are explored, which plays a very important role in studying for the thermal environment of metropolis and investigating the adaptability of different city shapes, building shapes to the climate.


Population growth,economic development and social progress are closely related to water resources.It is very important to affect the relationship between regional sustainable development and carrying capacity of water resources.This study evaluate exploitable potentiality and carrying capacity of water resources in Inner Mongolia in 2000-2008 by using the model of load factors of water resources,taking population development as weigh factor,to water requirement per in different situation as change factor.The results show that water resources quantity is richer relatively and carrying capacity of water resources is larger in east area of Inner Mongolia.However overload of water resources quantity is serious in central and western area of Inner Mongolia.Carrying capacity of water resources is unbalanced among areas and spatial variation is large.Results can offer the decision basis and reference in harmonious development of water and people of Inner Mongolia.


The testicular hormone obtained from human male urine has been the subject of investigation by many workers, notably Funk, Harrow, and Lejwa (1, 2, 3), McCullagh, McCullagh, and Hicken (4), Dodds, Greenwood, and Gallimore (5, 6) and Butenandt (7). With the exception of the last mentioned author, the extracts described by these workers have been rather crude compared to the relatively high purity of the bull testis extracts described by the present authors. The purpose of this communication is to present a method for the extraction and purification of the comb-growth-stimulating substance found in human male urine and to compare the chemical and physiological properties of this substance with the extracts from bull testis. The urine is acidified with sulfuric acid within two hours after collection to approximately 1 per cent by volume. After filtering through cloth to remove foreign particles, the urine is extracted with benzene in a continuous extractor as shown in Figure 1. When a sufficient quantity has...


Purpose. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma using the Ex-Press P-200 filtering device and the Anti-glaucoma A3 implant.
Materials and methods. Using simple sequential sampling, 52 patients (59 eyes) were divided into 2 groups. The first group was implanted with Ex-Press P-200, the second with Anti-glaucoma implant A3. The follow-up period for patients ranged from 6 months to three years. At each visit, a standard ophthalmic examination was performed. For tonometry, the ICare TA01i portable non-contact tonometer was used. To assess the stabilization of the glaucoma process, we performed static (threshold) automatic perimetry using the Pericom perimeter and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve heads using a Spectralis HRA-OCT tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering).
Conclusions. The implantation of devices of both types led to a persistent decrease in intraocular pressure, maintenance of visual functions, and stabilization of the glaucoma process. Intra- and postoperative complications corresponded to the nature of filtering procedures and did not have significant differences in the groups. However, cases of shunt erosion were noted only in the group with implanted Ex-Press devices.


Spanish liberal historiography traditionally has felt uncomfortable with the fact that the first constitutionalism was so intolerant in religious matters. This paper analyzes the reasons why the Constitution of 1812 proclaimed the Catholic confessionalism and prohibited the exercise of any other cult and, on the other hand, the influence of Article 12 of the Constitution of 1812 in the Spanish constitutional history. Published online : 01  December  2014


The metallurgical complex present one of the key elements in the Russia's economy. Its effectiveness influences the positive result of many state, social and economic problems. The problem of the metallurgical branch development investments is a very important one thus making the theoretical and practical evaluation of the metallurgical companies attractiveness to be a very acute task. The article presents data of investments in ferrous metallurgy in Russian Federation in 2000–2013. The evaluation approaches for investment attractiveness of companies are analyzed, the factors which indirectly influence the investment activity of companies are determined. The calculations of effectiveness spread (ROC-WACC) and effectiveness index (ROC/WACC) for both Russian and foreign companies are presented. The analysis of the ferrous metals market and the study of specific projects shows the situation in the investment field to be unstable, the economic effect will be reached only in years ahead. The investment in metallurgical companies remain in spite of the world economic crisis still attractive.


Abstract:The European Union (EU) has recently shown a greater interest in strengthening its security ties with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Yet, over the last few years, the EU has had to face a number of hard realities that have challenged the organization from both within and outside its borders. Why and how, in such a complex scenario, the EU is seeking to strengthen its security relations with ASEAN has thus become a salient question. In order to answer this question, this article recognizes the utility of "principled pragmatism" as a conceptual and operational lens to analyse the recent recalibration of the EU's security policy towards ASEAN. To this end, it first provides a conceptual analysis of principled pragmatism and operationalizes this concept in the context of the EU's security policy towards ASEAN. Second, it examines why principled pragmatism arose and how it is reflected in such a policy. Finally, it seeks to shed some light on the implications and controversial issues resulting from the EU's attempt to find a middle way between a pragmatic stance and a principled foreign and security policy towards Southeast Asia.


Root hydraulic redistribution has been shown to occur in numerous plant species under both field and laboratory conditions. To date, such water redistribution has been demonstrated in two fundamental ways, either lifting water from deep edaphic sources to dry surface soils or redistributing water downward (reverse flow) when inverted soil Ψs gradients exist. The importance of hydraulic redistribution is not well documented in agricultural ecosystems under field conditions, and would be important because water availability can be temporally and spatially constrained. Herein we report that a North American grapevine hybrid (Vitis riparia × V. berlandieri cv 420 A) growing in an agricultural ecosystem can redistribute water from a restricted zone of available water under a drip irrigation emitter, laterally across the high resistance pathways of the trunk and into roots and soils on the non-irrigated side. Deuterium-labelled water was used to demonstrate lateral movement across the vine's trunk and reverse flow into roots. Water redistribution from the zone of available water and into roots distant from the source occurred within a relatively short time frame of 36 h, although overnight deposition into rhizosphere soils around the roots was not detected. Deuterium was eventually detected in rhizosphere soils adjacent to roots on the non-irrigated side after 7 d. Application of identical amounts of water with the same deuterium enrichment level (2%) to soils without grapevine roots showed that physical transport of water through the vapour phase could not account for either downward or transverse movement of the label. These results confirmed that root presence facilitated the transport of label into soils distant from the wetted zone. When deuterium-labelled water was allowed to flow directly into the trunk above the root–trunk interface, reverse flow occurred and lateral movement across the trunk and into roots originating around the collar region did not encounter large disproportionate resistances. Rapid redistribution of water into the entire root system may have important implications for woody perennial cultivars growing where water availability is spatially heterogeneous. Under the predominantly dry soil conditions studied in this investigation, water redistributed into roots may extend root longevity and increase the vines water capacitance during periods of high transpiration demand. These benefits would be enhanced by diminished water loss from roots, and could be equally important to other cited benefits of hydraulic redistribution into soils such as enhancement of nutrient acquisition.


Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is a common modification of secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotes. However, plants, insects and helminths produce N-glycosylated proteins that carry modifications not found on mammalian glycoproteins. α1,3-linked core fucose residues are present on plant and insect glycans and, in addition, β1,2-linked xylose is found on plantand helminth-derived glycans. Up to 35% of sera of allergic patients contain IgE antibodies specific for glycan epitopes, also termed glycotopes. Initially, these oligosaccharide epitopes were designated as cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) based on the broad in vitrocross-reactivity of glycoproteins of plant foods, pollen and hymenoptera venoms. Today, these classical CCDs are listed as group A among 5 groups of oligosaccharides in the official allergen nomenclature website at http://allergen.org/.Although CCDs are probably the most frequent IgE epitopes, their clinical significance is low. This is likely not based on the low affinity of IgE to CCDs, but rather on the affinity of anti-CCD IgGs which function as blocking antibodies. The effect of anti-CCD IgEs are eliminated and false-positive in vitro test results are significantly reduced by inhibition of sera with a semisynthetic CCD blocker.


It seems that music and literature are different art forms and fields.Music expresses the main idea of the creative works through the wounds' combination and literature does it through the words' combination by way of language.Both language and music sound use voice to show the content,so their forms of expression have some congruity,even when literature is in words,it could be read in sounds.On the other hand,music and literature cannot be separated.Literature brings the creative matcrials for music and music can express the thoughts of the literature works through various sounds combination,which is more abuniftant than language.Literature needs music if it wants to be expressed better,and also there are literature factors in the music.So music and literature restrict each other and connect each other.


Objective To explore the influence of proteinic malnutrition on antituberculous drug-induced hepatitis.MethodsA total of 125 tuberculous patients with proteinic malnutrition (malnutrition group), who were hospitalized in our department for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis from September 2002 to May 2006, were studied for their hepatitis induced by the first line antituberculous drug. A total of 769 pulmonary tuberculosis patients without proteinic malnutrition, who were admitted to the hospital during the same periods new were selected into control group. ResultsThe rate of the drug-induced hepatitis of the malnutrition group during the first month was higher than that of the control group (22.4%, χ2=4.605,P=0.031, RR=1.5), and higher than that of the same group during the second month (χ2=15.183,P=0.001). ConclusionThe tuberculosis patients with proteinic malnutrition emerge medicinal liver function injures easily in the treatment process, so that we should monitor the clinical treatment for their 1iver function changes and pay attention to the improvement in their nutritional conditions.


The trilobites described in this paper were collected by Messrs. M. Y. Kuei, C. H. Shao, C.K. Dun and C. Dun of the Geological Bureau of the Yunnan Province during a field work in 1959to the Malung-Syndian, Chueching and Yiliang districts of eastern Yunnan. The Lower Cambrianstratigraphical subdivisions of these districts are the same as that proposed for the neighbouring region(Kunming) in an earlier paper (Lu, 1941). The.Chiungchussu Formation (i.e. the lower division)is chiefly characterized by the dark grey and black shales occasionally containing sandy layers on the basal and top parts it attains a thickncss of about 400 m in the Chueching district 550 m in t he malung-syndian district and 696 m in the yiliang district the tsanglangpu formation ie the middle division is mainly composed of variagated sandstones and shales Limestones are from 616 m .to 707 the lungwangmiao formation i s the upper division is represented by a sequence of limcstones shales and sandstiones about 436-541 m in thickness.


ABSTRACT Epicidin 280 is a novel type A lantibiotic produced byStaphylococcus epidermidis BN 280. During C18reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography two epicidin 280 peaks were obtained; the two compounds had molecular masses of 3,133 ± 1.5 and 3,136 ± 1.5 Da, comparable antibiotic activities, and identical amino acid compositions. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that epicidin 280 exhibits 75% similarity to Pep5. The strains that produce epicidin 280 and Pep5 exhibit cross-immunity, indicating that the immunity peptides cross-function in antagonization of both lantibiotics. The complete epicidin 280 gene cluster was cloned and was found to comprise at least five open reading frames (eciI, eciA, eciP,eciB, and eciC, in that order). The proteins encoded by these open reading frames exhibit significant sequence similarity to the biosynthetic proteins of the Pep5 operon ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 5. A gene for an ABC transporter, which is present in the Pep5 gene cluster but is necessary only for high yields (G. Bierbaum, M. Reis, C. Szekat, and H.-G. Sahl, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4332–4338, 1994), was not detected. Instead, upstream of the immunity gene eciI we found an open reading frame, eciO, which could code for a novel lantibiotic modification enzyme involved in reduction of an N-terminally located oxopropionyl residue. Epicidin 280 produced by the heterologous host Staphylococcus carnosus TM 300 after introduction of eciIAPBC (i.e., no eciO was present) behaved homogeneously during reverse-phase chromatography.


A 68-year-old man presented to our hospital for the evaluation of an incidentally detected pancreatic mass. Serum tumor marker levels were within normal limits. On delayed-phase computed tomography, a homogeneous enhancing 1.8 cm-sized hypervascular mass was detected in the pancreatic head (Figure 1). As the radiologic impression was that of a neuroendocrine tumor, the patient underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodectomy. Microscopically, the tumor exhibited typical features of pancreatic solid hamartoma (Figure 2). Pancreatic solid hamartoma is an extremely rare entity that shows components that are present in the normal pancreas with distorted architecture and are considered as malformative lesions. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because the clinicopathological features of solid hamartoma have not yet been fully clarified. The radiologic findings in this mass were similar to those of a neuroendocrine tumor. All patients with pancreatic hamartomas present with a benign clinical course. Recognition of this entity is desirable to avoid unnecessary extended surgical resection.


Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems produce electricity, cooling, and heat due to their high efficiency and low emission. These systems have been widely applied in various building types, such as offices, hotels, hospitals and malls. In this paper, an economic and technical analysis to determine the size and operation of the required gas engine for specific electricity, cooling, and heating load curves during a year has been conducted for a building. To perform this task, an objective function net present value (NPV) was introduced and maximized by a genetic algorithm (GA). In addition, the results end up finding optimal capacities. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was necessary to show how the optimal solutions vary due to changes in some key parameters such as fuel price, buying electricity price, and selling electricity price. The results show that these parameters have an effect on the system's performance.


Review(s) of: Hobbes: A Biography, by A.P. Martinich; Cambridge University Press, 1999, $65.90; Hegel: A Biography, by Terry Pinkard; Cambridge University Press, 2000, $69.95; Bertrand Russell 1921-70: The Ghost of Madness, by Ray Monk; Jonathan Cape, 2000, $73.50.


This diploma work is focused on analysis of thermodynamic phenomena during grinding discs containing sintered corundum. The theoretical part describes the definition of bas parameters for grinding; quantify the dependence of energy factors and equivalent chip thickness. The experimental section evaluates the monitored parameter values grinding.


Objetive To investigate the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol tartrate osmotic pump controlled-release tablets with metoprolol tartrate tablets used as a control. Methods A comparative study of metoprolol tartrate osmotic pump controlled-release tablets and common tablets at a single oral dose was conducted among six dogs according to crossover design. Metoprolol and internal standards were quantified in dog plasma using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of metoprolol tartrate osmotic pump controlled-release tablets and common tablets were as follows: C max( 1124.76 ±318.09) and( 3822.88 ±567.28) ng·ml- 1; T max( 8.00 ±1.79) and( 0.88 ±0.14) h; MRT( 11.18 ±2.46) and( 4.54 ±0.84) h; AUC 0- t( 11 773.09 ±3897.03) and( 14 876. 61 ±3903. 03) ng·h·ml- 1. The linear correlation coefficient between the in vitro accumulative release percentage and in vivo absorption percentage of metoprolol tartrate osmotic pump controlled-release tablets was 0. 993( P 0. 01). Conclusion The C max of the test formulation was remarkably lower than that of reference formulation. The T max and MRT of the test formulation were significantly prolonged. The test formulation had more significant sustained-release effect and in vitro- in vivo correlation than the reference formulation.


Abstract The work hardening response during shakedown phase for case hardened M50-NiL bearing steel in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is presented. Rolling contact fatigue testing is performed using a ball rod tester for varying cycles and Hertzian stress of 5·5 GPa on multiple test tracks of a case hardened rod. Longitudinal sectioning and polishing of the test rod reveal the RCF affected zones. Micro-Vickers indentation mapping of the subsurface zones is used to measure workhardening. A maximum increase in hardness from 7·4 to 8·3 GPa was observed at ∼13·5×106 cycles, after which hardness saturated. A finite element simulation of the RCF test was performed to predict the increase in hardness. It is hypothesised that plastic strain accumulation around the hard carbide inclusions results in increased hardness. Cyclic hardening likely saturates when the ratchet strain per cycle approaches zero. Plastic shakedown follows with no further accumulation of plastic strain and marks the beginning of steady state response.


Summary Nonspecific or psychological stressors were shown to alter the host response to Rauscher leukemia virus. Infected mice subjected to sound or avoidance-learning stress developed significantly smaller spleens than nonstressed infected mice. Stress applied before viral injection had no influence on spleen size, while stress given after the virus markedly retarded splenic enlargement. This phenomenon was not seen in adrenalectomized mice. Death rates were slightly lower in stressed mice. The stress response had no influence on the action of antitumor drugs.


Active learning is a way of learning that can encourage students or educators in the learning process, where active learning can support the achievement of learning objectives. Based on this research, based on several problems that researchers found in class VIII MTs Muhammadiyah Alamanda Kec. Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat. Especially in the subject matter of Al-Qur'an Hadits which concerns the subject matter of verses or hadits. Where in learning there are still some students who are not active in learning and these students feel bored or bored and often go in and out of class, so the learning process does not run optimally in class. These various problems arise from the learning model used by educators who are not appropriate, resulting in a luck of interest in learning for students if there are tasks of memorizing verses and hadits in the Qur'an Hadits Subject. Therefore, a very effective model is needded, namely by using the Team Games Tournamen (TGT) learning model as a support for increasing the activity of students in the learning process in the Al-Qur'an Hadits subject at MTs Muhammadiyah Alamanda Kec. Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research which aims to solve problems based on data presentation and data analysis. The objects in this study were students of class VIII MTs Muhammadiyah Alamanda Kec. Kinali Kab. Pasaman Barat Academic Year 2022/2023. Which has a number of students of approximately 82 students. Whith class VIII A female 21 students, VIII B Female 21 students, VIII C male 20 students, and VIII D male 20 students. The research data was obtained by direct observation, and interviews with teacher of the Qur'an Hadits subject. The results of this study indicate that the activenesess of students in the Qur'an Hadits subject which concerns the understanding of verses and also hadits uses the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model in class VIII MTs Muhammadiyah Alamanda. Meanwhile, after applying the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, it can be presented with player point, namely players with Top Scorers have a presentage of 80 %, players with High Middle Scorer have a precentage of 10 %, players with Low Middle Scorer have a percentage of 7 %. And players with Low Scorer have a percentage of 3 %. With these results, it can be said that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model can support the activeness to understand the subject matter and makes it easier for students to memorize verses or hadits in the Qur'an Hadits subject. With this, educators can apply the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model whwn students have bored while studying, are bored, lazy and often go in and out of class. Or educators can use the Teams Games Tournamnet (TGT) model according to the material taught to students.


Recognizing the events and objects in the video sequence are two challenging tasks due to the complex temporal structures and the large appearance variations. In this paper, we propose a 4D human-object interaction model, where the two tasks jointly boost each other. Our human-object interaction is defined in 4D space: i) the co occurrence and geometric constraints of human pose and object in 3D space, ii) the sub-events transition and objects coherence in 1D temporal dimension. We represent the structure of events, sub-events and objects in a hierarchical graph. For an input RGB-depth video, we design a dynamic programming beam search algorithm to: i) segment the video, ii) recognize the events, and iii) detect the objects simultaneously. For evaluation, we built a large-scale multiview 3D event dataset which contains 3815 video sequences and 383,036 RGBD frames captured by the Kinect cameras. The experiment results on this dataset show the effectiveness of our method.


Pinking is a phenomenon occurring in certain white wines produced under highly reductive conditions which occasionally develop a pink colouration when suddenly exposed to air. The pink colouration gives the impression of wine being stained with red grape pigments, but in fact the phenomenon is a transformation in the presence of oxygen of some specific phenolic compounds found in the susceptible varieties. In our experiments two white wines based on Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay, respectively, were found to have a high potential toward pinking. This study evaluates the potential of certain treatments to prevent the development of pinking or to partially reverse it after occurrence. Treatments tested involved the addition of 20 to 40 mg/l ascorbic acid or 5 to 30 mg/l of catechinic tannin prior to bottling. Both types of treatments had the potential to prevent pinking, irrespective of dosage used, as long as a normal concentration of free SO2 (above 0.8 mg/l molecular SO2) was maintained in the wines. Other treatments tested for bottled wines already developing a pink shade were the exposure of the bottle to UV light or the keeping in complete darkness, respectively. In the absence of any other pinking preventive measure both treatments proved to have a certain effect upon reversing the phenomenon. The UV light treatment shows more potential to reverse pinking than darkness and it may work even better on bottles with lower UV light filtering power (in this experiment Antique green glass bottles, with 70–80% UV reduction effect, were used). Differences among the responses of varieties are also present, with Chardonnay being less responsive to antioxidants than Sauvignon blanc. The parameters determined for the evaluation of pinking level are: Pinking potential index (PPI), proanthocyanidins (PAC), co-pigmented anthocyanins (Cp), polymeric pigmented anthocyanins (P) and total pigments (TP), as well as the absorbtion at 420 nm (for browning), 500 and 520 nm (for pinking), 620 nm (for blue shades).


Overview As telecommunications companies upgrade and expand their fiber optic networks and plan for Fiber-To-TheHome (FTTH) to accommodate high speed Internet access, the need for an effective, repeatable and cost effective means of cleaning optical fiber connections becomes essential. The limitations of traditional cleaning methods, lack of formal cleaning procedures, and the misuse and overuse of cleaning products can not only result in signal degradation but can also damage the optical fiber end face polish. New methods for cleaning end faces have been under study for some time, in both Outside Plant and OEM environments. A new method of cleaning has been developed, which has been proven in the field to be more efficient in removing contaminants and is expected to be more cost effective in servicing the millions of connections projected for FTTH.


This study evaluated recurrent selection for specific combining ability for yield in two maize (L.) populations and provided information on the types of gene action involved in the yield improvement. The populations for the recurrent selection program were an open-pollinated variety, 'Alph,' and the F of WF9 ✕ B7. Inbred B14 was the tester for both populations. The principal basis of selection was grain yield, and the selection intensity was 10 to 13% in each of five cycles. Ten S lines were selected in each cycle and recombined to give a new population in each source. We evaluated progress by measuring yield in B14 ✕ Alph C and B14 ✕ (WF9 ✕ B7)C populations, C populations , related and unrelated testers ✕ C populations, and C ✕ C population crosses in six environments. In all types of populations the rates of gain per cycle were significant, and the gains were greater in Alph than in WF9 ✕ B7. Rates of gain per cycle (q/ha) in some comparisons were: B14 ✕ Alph C, 3.09; B14 ✕ (WF9 ✕ B7)C, 1.32; BSBB ✕ Alph C, 3.63; BSBB ✕ (WF9 ✕ B7)C, 1.51; and Alph C ✕ (WF9 ✕ B7)C, 4.09. In all types populations except B14 ✕ (WF9 ✕ B7)C, the number ears per 100 plants increased. There were no significant changes for date of silk emergence or lodging, but there were some significant increases for percentage moisture at harvest and plant and ear heights. We concluded that overdominance and overdominant types of epistasis were relatively unimportant in the changes in yield potential of the two populations because the BSBB topcrosses improved as rapidly as the BI4 topcrosses, the C ✕ C crosses increased more rapidly than the B14 topcrosses, and the heterosis of the C ✕ C Crosses increased.


In a country like India with a large population, traffic laws are frequently broken. These offences' accidents result in significant loss of life and property. Since bikes are used more frequently than other vehicles, there are more accidents involving bikes than with other types of vehicles. Motorcycle helmet use is one of the major contributors to this. So, using real-time surveillance cameras, we suggest a method dubbed "Traffic Infraction and Alert System for Two-wheelers using Deep Learning and YOLO v3" using deep learning which automatically delivers challans or SMSs to people when bicycle riders are identified as being triple riders and riding without a helmet. The suggested method uses object segmentation and backdrop subtraction to initially identify motorbike riders. At that point, we classify violations using an object classifier. Our main goal is to lessen the risk of injury in case of an accident because wearing a helmet while driving is essential. We can therefore improve the safety of motorcycle riders on the road by identifying those who are riding three at once or otherwise breaking the law. By automating, we can lessen the effort on the traffic control crew and effectively share the evidence with them so they can fine offenders.


Vahl primary school in Oslo is Norway's most multicultural school. 96% of the school's 300 pupils belong to a linguistic minority (Vaagan & Enger 2004). The school library is seen and used as an extension of the class room. The range of library activities represent added value in relation to educating minority pupils and assisting in their subsequent integration in society. Some typical minority pupils are discussed, emphasizing in each case how the added value of the library comes into play.


The French humanist Jacques Rancière once described the work of an historian as the effort to address a "twofold absence" in history: one, an absence of a past that is "no longer there," and two, an absence born of our knowledge that it "never was such as it was told." Rancière argues that in these absences lies our "specific passion for the past," our desire to employ "les mots de l'histoire," to the fill this absence "at the heart of historical affect."1 He could well have been commenting on this issue's five core articles. Ranging from postindustrial Australia to Abraham Lincoln's boyhood home, with stops in Mississippi, Pittsburgh, Newcastle-on-Tyne, and along Georgia's blue highways, each displays public historians at work to fill the twofold absence with research, insight, and interpretation. Alexandra Dellios invites us to a critical examination of how historians involved with the Australian Heritage Commission have "tried to produce a practice that privileges evolving 'social values' rather than maintaining a practice that reproduces static, elitist, and predominately Western notions of heritage." Gippsland Immigration Park in Morwell aims to forefront the immigrant experience, especially in the region's coalfields and related industries, as part-and-parcel of Australia's multicultural history. Dellios finds that the "park contains its own gaps and silences, but [also] offers specific historically grounded narratives of immigration and labor that hold the potential to challenge the limits of Australian multiculturalism and heritage practice." Employing interviews with the park's director, himself of immigrant heritage, close reading of interpretive plaques, and criticisms from the local immigrant-descended community, she finds that the park "re-centers able-bodied men as the image of postwar migration, even as it works to destabilize the presumption of migrant progress, linear settlement, and belonging, and that celebrating industrial heritage is therefore wrought with many complex emotions, not all of them celebratory." Jennifer Dickey travels the highways and byways of Georgia to trace the history of that state's historical markers, beginning with the first amateur efforts in the 1950s and continuing into our present. From its inception, she argues, "Georgia's Historical Marker Program has reflected the power dynamics within the state as much as it has reflected Georgia's past." The gradual professionalization of the program met resentment and resistance, as progressive themes around race and


The article presents a review of an exhibition by artist Troy Brauntuch at the Friedrich Petzel Gallery in New York City.


A holographic system using a helium-neon laser is set up to study the phase information in the region of space where a plume of fuel is ejected from an Impulse nail gun. A transmission hologram is recorded in which the object is a trans-illuminated 8 X 10 piece of round glass. While observing the virtual image of the hologram, fuel is injected into the region of space immediately upstream from the ground glass. The interference between the reconstructed virtual image and the phase modulated light from the ground glass is observed. This information is recorded at a rate of 1000 frames per second using a high speed video system.


Background : COUP-TFII, an orphan nuclear receptor, regulates the differentiation process in various cell types during development. Results : COUP-TFII inhibits Runx2-dependent osteocalcin transcription through physical interaction with Runx2 and matrix mineralization. Conclusion : COUP-TFII is a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Significance : COUP-TFII has therapeutic potential for controlling bone- related disease.


Objective To design a new type guiding system and explore its value in treatment of femoral neck fracture with hollow screws.Methods The new type guiding system for screw placement was designed with adjustable and radiotransparent advantages,which could make certain correct entry point and direction of guide pin before drilled into femoral neck to ensure reasonable distribution of guide pin in femoral neck.Three guiding methods,including freehand guiding,conventional guiding and novel guiding were respectively applied into femoral neck fracture fixation.Repeating drilling ratio was recorded in process of drilling guiding pins.Parallelism and spread area ratio of three guide pin in the femoral neck were measured and compared according to radiography and cross section of femoral neck and maximum vertical loading was tested.Results The spread area ratio was(0.11 ±0.03) in novel guiding group,(0.10 ±0.03) in conventional guiding group and(0.09 ±0.05) in freehand guiding group,with significant differences among three groups.Parallelism in AP and lateral view of freehand guiding group [(1.47±0.46),(2.78±0.47)] was significantly higher than those of conventional guiding group [(0.61±0.84),(1.19±0.55)] and novel guiding group [(0.48±0.63),(0.98±0.60)],with no significant difference between latter two groups.Repeating drilling ratio of novel guiding group(133±37)% was significantly lower than freehand guiding group(344±109)% and conventional guiding group(267±70)%.Maximum vertical loading was similar among three groups with no significant difference.Conclusion Novel self designed guiding of screw fixation for femoral neck fractures is able to provide accurate and quick guiding,while overcomes shortage of usual methods of guiding for screws.


Abstract IT HAS been shown that the resistance of a host to parasite infections may be lowered by a generally deficient diet (Foster and Cort, 1931; and Shorb, 1933), inadequate vitamin content of the diet (Zimmerman, Vincent and Ackert, 1926; Ackert et al., 1927, 1931a, b; and Ackert and Spindler, 1929), and protein source (Ackert and Beach, 1933; and Riedel and Ackert, 1950). It was reported by Almquist and Grau (1944) that a mixture of essential amino acids could replace a protein supplement in the diet of a growing chick. Since then it was found that lysine (Riedel, 1950), tryptophane (Riedel, 1954a), and leucine (Riedel, 1955) did not alter the resistance of chickens to Ascaridia galli. Todd (1951) recovered larger and more worms from chicks fed a high methionine diet, and Riedel (1954b) noted that adequate glycine increased worm length but not worm number. Since Almquist (1945, 1947) reported phenylalanine to …


Review(s) of: Swords Into Plowshares: Building Peace Through the United Nations, Edited by Roy S Lee, Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006, ISBN 90 04 15001 3, Pages: viii + 174, Price: 99.00.


In this essay I examine the debates over the direction of Women's Studies toward disciplinary or interdisciplinary paths. Current trends in Women's Studies has been largely shaped by institutional constraints and the accommodations toward institutional survival has limited interdisciplinary exchanges to multi-disciplinary discussions. Consequently, the transformation of the academic structure has been replaced by reproducing a women's studies space in the same academic structure. I argue that Women's Studies is part of a larger intellectual movement involving critical interdisciplinary projects, and that paths toward disciplinarity may have significant consequences in their ability to contribute. The intellectual rigor in feminist research is largely due to a vibrant exchange with cultural studies, ethnic studies, gender studies, and queer studies. However, graduate work in Women's Studies has barely begun tapping the political and social transformations possible by linking to the professional schools.


Simple Summary Changes in milk protein content have been associated with β-casein variants. However, the specific changes in the metabolites of β-casein variant milk remain unclear. Thus, a metabolomics approach was employed to determine the abundance of different metabolites in milk samples with β-casein variant A1/A1, A2/A2, and their heterozygote. The metabolites with the highest abundance were methionine, proline, and α-lactose in variant A2/A2 milk, choline, glycine, citric acid, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in variant A1/A1 milk, and uric acid and cytosine in heterozygote milk. These results may facilitate further explorations of the differences in the biosynthesis of milk components in the mammary gland and help to elucidate the potential influence of β-casein variants on the physiological function of milk. Abstract β-casein is a primary protein in milk, and its variants have been associated with changes in the protein content of bovine milk. However, there has been little research focused on the effects of β-casein variants on milk metabolites. In the present study, dairy cows producing milk with β-casein variant A1/A1 (A1), A2/A2 (A2), and their heterozygote A1/A2 (A12) were screened by a high-resolution melting method. Individual milk samples were then collected from each of the cows, and the milk metabolites were separated and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy- and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics techniques. Differences in metabolites among the variant groups were evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis. The relative abundances of methionine, proline, and α-lactose were the highest in β-casein variant A2 milk, whereas choline, glycine, citric acid, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) showed the highest abundances in variant A1 milk. Metabolic pathways analysis indicated that the differential metabolites between variants A1 and A2 were involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Our results reveal the differences in milk metabolites among the β-casein variants A1, A2, and the heterozygote. These findings, thus, provide novel insights into the effects of β-casein variants on milk metabolites, facilitating further research into the mechanism of the biosynthesis of milk components in the mammary gland and the potential physiological function of milk associated with β-casein variants.


An absolute spectrometric radiometer has been flown on a NASA CV990 aircraft to measure atmospheric emission in the spectral range 5–40 cm−1 with a resolution of 0.02 cm−1 apodized. The instrument and the results are described.


Abstract A computationally inexpensive ensemble transform (ET) method for generating high-resolution initial perturbations for regional ensemble forecasts is introduced. The method provides initial perturbations that (i) have an initial variance consistent with the best available estimates of initial condition error variance, (ii) are dynamically conditioned by a process similar to that used in the breeding technique, (iii) add to zero at the initial time, (iv) are quasi-orthogonal and equally likely, and (v) partially respect mesoscale balance constraints by ensuring that each initial perturbation is a linear sum of forecast perturbations from the preceding forecast. The technique is tested using estimates of analysis error variance from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) and the Navy's regional Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) over a 3-week period during the summer of 2005. Lateral boundary conditions are provided by...


The field of education is constantly changing, and with the current COVID-19 pandemic, it will undoubtedly change the way education systems operate in the future. This chapter covers several key topics related to navigating post-doctoral career opportunities for PK-12 educators. Educators are in a unique position to contribute to research in the field in which they have a plethora of experiences. With a major focus on student outcomes, there is a critical need to understand factors that directly impact learning such as parent involvement, socio-economic status, technology, and student behavior. Using an ethnographic approach, the authors provide insight into challenges post-doctoral professionals may face in attempts to enhance their professional identity. These narrative accounts shed light on not only the role of mentors but the desire to contribute to the body of research through the development of research agendas.


Support Vector Machines are a family of algorithms for the analysis of data based on convex Quadratic Programming. We derive randomized algorithms for training SVMs, based on a variation of Random Sampling Techniques; these have been successfully used for similar problems. We formally prove an upper bound on the expected running time which is quasilinear with respect to the number of data points and polynomial with respect to the other parameters, i.e., the number of attributes and the inverse of a chosen soft margin parameter. (This is the combined journal version of the conference papers [BDW01a], [BDW01b], and [BDW02].)


Inspection of the current literature on Design Patterns shows that the Prime Directive for this community is Pragmatics. It hardly matters what patterns are, or how Patterns are represented formally or syntactically. What does matter is their role in enhancing the reuse of good solutions to recurring problems. In this article I want to show that minimal assumptions about the pragmatic use of Patterns suuce to show that Design Patterns form just another formal language, which can be shown to be at least Recursively enumerable. Whether the language is Recursive depends on further conditions on the actual relation which is assumed to hold between a pattern and its possible invocations. There are no a priori reasons enforcing that this should be an easily decidable relation; quite to the contrary: a little amount of linguistic expressivity suuces for showing that this relation is likely to be complex. Without restrictions on the linguistic tools allowed for expressing design patterns this relation will become undecidable. For Non-Design Patterns which leave no visible trace in the designs constructed using them, the argument doesn't apply. There is no content to patterns|no one will ever produce a journal article or conference paper whose content is a pattern or pattern language|and if someone does, he's missed the point. Richard Gabriel in the introduction to 29] 1 Backgrounds During the last few years Design Patterns have become popular as a tool for registering and sharing experience about good design, analysis and construction of reusable software. As is the case with other recent developments in Information Technology the driving forces reside in Industry rather than Academia, and so far the pattern movement has drawn only minor attention from the more fundamentally oriented Computer Science community. Moreover, the notion of Patterns and Pattern languages currently is invoked in areas quite diierent from Software Design, like System production, the management of the process leading to this production or just Management in general. Evidently this diversiication makes it even harder to gure out what Patterns are intended to be.


The aim of this to the relationship percentages and which leads to inaccuracies in interpreting the overall expression. In this study, we identified eosinophil percentages greater than 5% during ICPI therapy as a significant factor for the prediction of ICPI therapeutic efficacy in a multivariable analysis. It would not be difficult or expensive to include the measurement of eosinophils when measuring complete blood count and to observe the association of eosinophil counts and percentages with the efficacy of ICPI therapy. It may be possible to predict patient response to ICPI therapy based on peripheral eosinophils. atezolizumab (25 on atezolizumab monotherapy, 2 on atezolizumab + carboplatin + pemetrexed, and 2 on atezolizumab + carboplatin + paclitaxel). Comparisons of means between the 2 independent groups were performed using the χ 2 or Mann–Whitney tests. Comparisons of 3 or more independent groups were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.


An analysis of data from Brazil reveals a strong association between the risk of microcephaly in a newborn and the risk of Zika virus infection during the mother's first trimester of pregnancy. The association in the second and third trimesters was negligible.


The production material featured by the industrial production is machine and that featured by the network production is network. Under the conditions of the network production the knowledge and information becomes the keys to the production elements. The traditional production function changes and the marginal benefit of the network production increases.


When an antenna is circularly (or elliptically) polarized, the axial ratio can be measured in a reverberation chamber (RC) by using the self-correlation of the radiation pattern of the antenna under test (AUT). However, the self-correlation method cannot identify the handedness (left- or right-handed polarization) of an antenna. In this communication, we propose a reference antenna method in an RC to solve this problem. Two reference antennas are used, which are left- and right-handed circularly polarized, respectively. By measuring the radiation pattern correlation between the AUT and the reference antennas, the handedness of the AUT can be identified. Interestingly, the results are based on statistics and the significance of the measurement results is self-explained. Measurements are performed to validate the proposed method.


We consider a stochastic control problem in the case where the set of control domain is convex, the system is governed by a nonlinear backward stochastic differential equation with a non-Markovian system and constant terminal conditions. The paper reports on a derivation of a stochastic maximum principle for optimality with a minimized criterion in the general form, with initial costs.


The high and low frequency composite vibration is the most basic composite vibration in the multi-frequency vibration, which is the basis for studying the multi-frequency vibration. In this paper, the high and low frequency composite vibration device is designed by using the double eccentric block mechanism, and the optimized design and analysis are carried out. The vibration device can produce controllable amplitude, frequency and exciting force, can be applied to metal round bar separation experiments with high and low frequency composite vibration load, or the relevant study of metal fatigue.


ABSTRACT The article examines Amos Oz's political and social outlook through four topoi that constitute his books, articles and correspondence: The first concerns his dialectics with Israel's Mediterranean character, from his affinity to Albert Camus to his treatment of Ashdod as a metaphor for Mediterraneanism; the second is the Zionist-crusader analogy in the literature and poetry of his contemporaries, and particularly A. B. Yehoshua and Dahlia Ravikovitch; the third topic is Oz's oppositionality to the political actualization of messianism on the gamut from Ben-Gurion to "Gush Emunim"; and the fourth issue relates to Oz's controversy with what I have branded as "Canaanite Messianism," namely those who promote expansionism toward Greater Israel. Together, these combined perspectives unfold Oz's humanist vision on the future of the State of Israel.


Eggplant, (Solanum melongena, L.) is one of the vegetables ranked highest in total antioxidant capacity, it is contains high concentrations of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds that have high antioxidant activity, In this paper, the effect of Eggplant Peels Powder (EPP) on reduce cholesterol and lipid profile in obese rats and improve their health were investigation. Twenty five male albino rats weighting 140 ±10 g were used in this study and divided into 5 groups, each group contain 5 rats. Rats were treated by high fat diet (30% animal fat) to induce obese and to raise cholesterol level and lipid profile in blood. First (control group), second, third and fourth group received basal diet + 0, 1, 2 and 4 % of dried eggplant peels powder (EPP), respectively for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected. Serum was then removed by centrifuging for analysis. Chemical composition and phenolic compounds in eggplant peels were determined. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein fraction (HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c), atherogenic indices (AIP, CRR, CRI,AF and AC), and serum liver functions (ALT, AST, and ALP) were also determined. Data from obese rats revealed that the eggplant peel showed significant changes in the tested biochemical parameters. As conclusion, obese rats treated with 4% eggplant peel powders had improved lipid profile levels and showed markedlly significantly decreased of hyperlipidemic effect compared with other


Granular materials handled in industries are typically non-spherical in shape and understanding the flow of such materials is important. The steady flow of mono-disperse, frictional, inelastic dumbbells in two-dimensions is studied by soft sphere, discrete element method simulations for chute flow and shear cell flow. The chute flow data are in the dense flow regime, while the shear cell data span a wide range of solid fractions. Results of a detailed parametric study for both systems are presented. In chute flow, increase in the aspect ratio of the dumbbells results in significant slowing of the flow at a fixed inclination and in the shear cell it results in increase in the shear stress and pressure for a fixed shear rate. The flow is well-described by the μ-I scaling for inertial numbers as high as I = 1, corresponding to solid fractions as low as ϕ = 0.3, where μ is the effective friction (the ratio of shear stress to pressure) and I is the inertial number (a dimensionless shear rate scaled with the time scale obtained from the local pressure). For a fixed inertial number, the effective friction increases by 60%-70% when aspect ratio is increased from 1.0 (sphere) to 1.9. At low values of the inertial number, there is little change in the solid fraction with aspect ratio of the dumbbells, whereas at high values of the inertial number, there is a significant increase in solid fraction with increase in aspect ratio. The dense flow data are well-described by the Jop-Forterre-Pouliquen model [P. Jop et al., Nature 441, 727–730 (2006)] with the model parameters dependent on the dumbbell aspect ratio. The variation of μ with I over the extended range shows a maximum in the range I ∈ (0.4, 0.5), while the solid fraction shows a faster than linear decrease with inertial number. A modified version of the JFP model for μ(I) and a power law model for ϕ(I) is shown to describe the combined data over the extended range of I.


ABSTRACT This conversation between two peace scholars who have been deeply involved in Latin America and influenced by their experience and research in the region, discusses how this has shaped their understanding of peace and violence. The conversation ranges from their early research and human rights work during the revolutionary civil wars of Central America, to encounters with indigenous cosmovisions of the region, to experiences of the military dictatorships and struggles for democracy of the Southern Cone and Andean countries. This leads to the themes of many peaces (Dietrich) and many violences (Pearce). In the process of the dialogue, they emphasise how each acknowledges the significance of the material inequalities that generate violence in the region. However, each has reached their understanding of 'transrationality' (Dietrich) and 'emotional enlightenment' (Pearce), as ways of thinking about peace, including but beyond the material.


The external induced contamination of Space Station Freedom's electrical power system surfaces is assessed using a molecular flow evaluation code, MOLFLUX. Outgassing rates are compared to available experimental data, and deposition to the midregion of both the solar array and the photovoltaic power module thermal control system radiator is calculated using a constant sticking coefficient. An estimate of annual deposition to the solar array due to outgassing is found to be 10 percent of the Space Station Freedom program requirement for maximum allowable deposition, while annual deposition to the radiator is approximately equal to the requirement.


A new electron bias sputtering method capable of filling Al into submicron contact holes without degradation of the quality has been developed for the formation of reliable interconnections of very large scale integrated circuits. The method features intermittent electron irradiation to enhance Al flow during sputtering. The Al film deposited contains little Ar and has low resistivity. Contact holes with 0.4‐μm diameter and 0.9‐μm depth can be filled with Al.


Bone regeneration consists of a series of complex biological events, that in vivo, requires the highly coordinated presentation of biochemical cues to regulate these stages of healing. Taking inspiration from the natural healing process, a wide variety of growth factors are currently being released from tissue engineered scaffolds to aid in healing non-union fractures and bone defects. Currently, several scaffolding design techniques exist for releasing multiple growth factors with unique release profiles, which include polymer encapsulation, layer-by-layer fabrication, and core-shell construction, as well as growth factor delivery through other biological agents, such as plasmids and platelet-rich plasma. Several studies have suggested that the efficacy of multiple growth factor presentation may be influenced by several factors, including the sequence of presentation, and the dosage at various stages. Accordingly, building evidence suggests that in vivo growth factor presentation consists of highly coordinated temporal appearance, intricate crosstalk, and multi-pathway signaling. Therefore, determining effective growth factor release schedules for incorporation in bone scaffolding requires an assay platform that, in some ways, begins to account for these complexities. For the purposes of our studies, we have developed a three-dimensional assay system, capable of supporting multiple cell types, that providing control over growth factor delivery presentation schedules.
To begin to understand the effects of multiple growth factor presentation on the stages of bone repair, we have used this assay system to assess cellular responses to a variety of growth factor delivery schedules with variations in sequence, length of delivery, and overlap in delivery. By varying these parameters, we have identified a schedule of PDGF and BMP-2 presentation capable of promoting angiogenic tubule formation in co-cultures of hMSCs and HUVECs. Based on this information, we have engineered a biomaterial-based system to controllably release this sequential schedule of PDGF and BMP-2 autonomously. This preprogrammed controlled release system was then incorporated with a three-dimensional, porous calcium phosphate scaffold, and resulting material properties and cellular responses were characterized. The following experiments and results aim to take inspiration from the in vivo bone healing milieu, and to use specific cellular responses to guide the fabrication of a truly biomimetic scaffolding system.


Objective: To examine the attitudes of a sample of nursing students toward alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic. Methods: An exploratory study conducted with 144 students in their final year of undergraduate nursing in two private schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto SP. For data collection, we used the scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic. Results: Attitudes toward alcohol were more negative than those that have been reported in the literature. The majority of participants considered the alcoholic to blame for his health problems and preferred not to work with this type of patient. Conclusion: The students' attitudes to questions related to alcohol and alcoholism tended toward ambivalence and negativity, which can be attributed to lack of preparation received during their education. Despite recommendations made by specialists in the country, little has been invested in nursing education on alcohol and other drugs, especially in private schools.


In order to carry out a first approach to the dynamics of political mobilization associated with the arrival and consolidation of digital platforms in national contexts, this article seeks to characterize the field of protest against lean platforms, in terms of the repertoires, demands and modalities of collective action, this from the construction of a database for the case of Costa Rica under the methodology of Protest Event Analysis (PEA) and Political Claims Analysis (PCA). The results of the descriptive statistical analysis allow us to observe that the contentious dynamics has gone from being totally dominated by the traditional taxi driver sector, to showing the entry of new actors such as platform workers and some civil society groups that have come to complicate the panorama of action for the Costa Rican government in terms of regulation and, therefore, to incorporate new demands and decision arenas within the political-social field.


We show how nuclear magnetic spin-lattice relaxation dispersion of proton-water ( NMRD ) can be used to elucidate the effect of cellulose ethers on water retention and hydration delay of freshly-mixed white cement pastes. NMRD is useful to determine the surface diffusion coefficient of water, the specific surface area and the hydration kinetics of the cement-based material. In spite of modifications of the solution's viscosity, we show that the cellulosic derivatives do not modify the surface diffusion coefficient of water. Thus, the mobility of water present inside the medium is not affected by the presence of polymer. However, these admixtures significantly modify the surface fraction of mobile water molecules transiently present at solid surfaces. This quantity measured, for the first time, for all admixed cement pastes is thus relevant to explain the water retention mechanism.


The new layered heterometallic carbonate ZnHRu2(CO3)4 (H2O)2·2H2O is obtained by self-assembly from neutral aqueous solutions of K3[Ru2(CO3)4] and Zn(NO3)2 (air, 20 °C, <14 d; 55% yield).


The need for comprehensive design standards for development review is emphasized, and procedures for developing a manual of such standards are listed. Procedures are also recommended for the finalizing and adoption of these standards. The contents of a typical design standards manual are given in a brief appendix and include the following: glossary of terms; road functional classification; traffic impact studies; access control; access design; street standards; geometric design; standard details; private road standards; road construction plan review requirements; permits; grading plan review; drainage and flood control; and appendices with examples of forms, charts, agreements, etc. used in the process.


Plants exude secondary metabolites from the roots to shape the composition and function of their microbiome. Many of these compounds are known for their anti-microbial activity and are part of the plant immunity, such as the indole-derived phytoalexin camalexin. Here we studied the dynamics of camalexin synthesis and exudation upon induction of Arabidopsis thaliana with a plant growth promotion bacteria Pseudomonas sp. CH267 or a bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae PG1. We show that while the camalexin accumulation and exudation is more rapidly but transiently induced upon interaction with the growth promoting strain, the pathogen induces a higher and more stable camalexin levels. The concentration of camalexin in shoots, roots and exudates is well correlated, triggering a question on the origin of the exuded camalexin. By combination of experiments with cut shoots and roots and grafting of wild type plant with mutants in camalexin synthesis we showed that while camalexin can be produced and released by both organs, in intact plant the exuded camalexin originates in the shoots. We show that camalexin synthesis in response to B. glumae PG1 is dependent on cooperation of four CYP71 genes and a loss of function of any of them reduces camalexin synthesis. In conclusion, camalexin synthesis seems to be controlled on a whole plant level and coordinated between shoots and roots.


In this thesis, we will focus on modern constructivist model of literacy, co-created by the teacher as a facilitator of the learning process and by the students, while considering their prior knowledge and interest. We will justify it from the perspective of modern findings of learning and cognitive concepts of teaching, and we will ephasize the role of the teacher in creating an appropriate literacy environment in the first grade of primary school.
In theoretical foundations we will define quality teaching from the perspective of transmission and constructivist model. We will link the important elements of constructivism to the modern definition of literacy and explain the essential aspects of initial literacy in first grade.

In the empirical part we will perform a pedagogical experiment. The control group of students will develop literacy in a systematic way according to the prevailing analytic-synthetic method with workbooks as the main learning material. The experimental group of students will develop literacy in a constructivist oriented way by introducing a variety of activities designed by the teacher and students together, considering students' abilities, prior knowledge and interest. We would like to determine whether transmission-oriented way of teaching and constructivist way of teaching differ in efficiency of developing/acquiring reading and writing skills of students in the first grade of primary school. We will focus on monitoring reading and writing skills of students (graphics awareness, phonological awareness, associative relation voice – letter, reading-writing exercises).
Research has shown statistically that students in the experimental group, who developed literacy in a constructivist oriented way, have progressed significantly particularly in reading and writing skills, such as independent reading and writing, while students in the control group, where transmission-oriented teaching prevailed, progressed in the development of specific literacy skills, particularly in graphic and phonological awareness as well as in associative relation voice - letter. Statistically significant progress in the development of reading and writing skills of the students in the experimental group was justified by the organisation of an appropriate literacy environment and by the individualized systematic literacy process, which began with a realistic assessment of students' abilities and continued flexibly considering skills, abilities and interests of students.


This is the first English translation of "Il Fiore", the late 13th century narrative poem in 232 sonnets based on the Old French "Roman de la Rose" and the "Detto d'Amore", a free-wheeling version of many Ovidian precepts of love in 240 rhymed couplets. The elaborate allegory of the "Fiore" presents the complex workings of love, understood primarily as carnal passion, in the human psyche through the use of personifications of a wide array of characters who engage in various social (and bellic) interactions. There are personifications of social stereotypes (Lover, Old Woman, Friend), mythological figures (God of Love, Venus, Nature), abstract qualities (Reason, Honour, Beauty, Mercy), material and existential indicators (Wealth, Youth), psychological and physical states (Fear, Resistance, Pain, Jealousy), personality and character traits (Sincerity, Modesty, Fair Welcome, Fair Appearance, Bad Mouth) and societal characteristics and attitudes (Forced Abstinence, Extravagance). The "Detto d'Amore" includes features of the perennial controversy between proponents of the pleasures of erotic passion and those who counsel pursuit of the sublime joys found solely in the exercise of reason. The incomplete poem also contains a conventionalized - and idealized -description of the physical traits of the lady, as well as a portrait of the perfect courtly lover. The importance of these two works lies in part on their possible attribution to the great Florentine poet Dante Alighieri. But even if Dante is not the author, the "Fiore" is a valuable witness to the literary taste and cultural concerns of mediaeval Italy and to matters of poetic influence and reception among different literary traditions.


[Chemical reaction: see text] Various substituted 2-aminotetrahydroazolopyridines and 2-aminohexahydroazolopyridines have been prepared by bromine-mediated addition of protected guanidine or urea to hydropyridine derivatives. The pH-dependent regioselective cleavage of the resulting aminal function led to the 2-aminoazole products III. The yields of the bicycles of type II, and their conversion into azoles III depends on the electronic properties of the substituents on the nitrogen of the tetrahydopyridine.


District nurses in Liverpool looked close to victory last week in their seven-month campaign against plans to halve the number of G grade sisters.


Real-world planning problems, e.g., planning for virtual characters in computer games, typically come with a set of very specific domain constraints that may require specialized processing, like symbolic path planning, numerical attributes, etc. These specific application requirements make it necessary for planning systems to have an extensible design. We present a framework for a planning system that recognizes planning extensions (such as new data types or structures, sensing/acting functionality, and others). The framework is designed to be forwardcompatible, exposing an XML-based domain language that allows current and future problems that use such planning extensions to be properly specified.


In his " Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg", author Theodor Fontane tells of spectacular case of bigamy: The crown Prince and later King Friedrich Wilhem II von Preussen, fell in love with Julie von Voss, a maiden of the Royal court. Since the wedding in May of 1787 they lived in a morganatic marriage, although the Prince was already legally married to Friederike Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt. The exposure of bigamy in the house of Hohenzollern was of more interest to the theologians than to the lawyers of the time. In this matter, the Order of the Rosen kreuzer of which King Friedrich Wilhelm II was a leading member, had profound influence. The most important precedent which was consulted was the case of the landgrave, Philipp der Grosmutige von Hessen, the well-known reformer-prince, who with the approval of Luther and Melanchthon married Margarete von der Saale in 1540, without separating from his legal wife, Christina von Sachsen.


The aim of the study was to analyze the association of 511C/T polymorphism of IL-1β gene (rs16944) with specific and nonspecific salpingoophoritis in juvenile girls (12–18 years). The IL-1β 511C/T gene polymorphism was analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction in 88 patients with salpingoophoritis and 31 healthy individuals. Among patients with nonspecific salpingoophoritis T-allele frequency dominates the CC-genotype by 4.99 times. The presence of T-allele or TT genotype of IL-1β gene increases a predisposition risk for adnexal inflammation, regardless of their specificity, in girls of pubertal age (especially at the age of 15-18) by 1.54-2.58 times [OR=2.34-4.17, OR 95% CI=1.07-12.6 p≤0.032-0.002]. C-allele and CC genotype play a protective role and show the lowest probability of adnexal inflammation, especially nonspecific salpingoophoritis [OR = 0.28-0.43, p≤0.0220.001]. Thus, T-allele of IL-1β gene C-511T polymorphism is associated with adnexa inflammation in girls at the age of puberty.


Crash analysis by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation for the calendar year 1971, indicated 81,696 crashes causing 667 deaths, 1,604 bodily injuries, and 59,984 cases of property damage in this state. Alcohol was the largest identifiable causative factor among the fatalities (318 out of 667) and related to 5,915 crashes which caused bodily injury or property damage. Visual factors had prime causative identification in 72 death, 1,604 bodily injuries, and 3,639 cases of property damage. Such efforts to identify causative data underline revised visibility (FMVSS 111) and illuminating (FMVSS 108) standards which the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is seeking to put into effect in 1973.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method for obtaining ceramic block-cellular filters-sorbents for trapping gaseous radioactive caesium includes soaking of polyurethane matrix of cellular structure with dross, consisting of inert filling agent - electrofused corundum, disperse aluminium oxide powder and polyvinyl alcohol solution, drying and burning. Sorption-active composition of alumo-sol and silica sol, taken with ratio of aluminium and silicon oxides 30-35:70-65 wt %, with addition of 0.3-0.8 wt % of polyvinyl alcohol relative to dry composition substance, is applied on obtained corundum matrix with average size of cell 0.5-1.5 mm by method of repeated soaking and thermal processing in the interval of temperatures 600-700°C. Amount of composition constitutes 21-45 wt % of matrix weight. Ceramic block-cellular filter-sorbent of radioactive caesium has open porosity 85-90 vol %, compression strength 2.5-4.0 MPa, specific surface of sorption-active layer 300-360 m 2 /g. Chemisorption process on obtained filters-sorbents results in formation of stable crystalline caesium alumosilicates: CsAlSiO 4 (calsilite) and CsAlSi 2 O 6 (pollucite), sorption capacity constitutes 0.16-0.32 g of Cs 2 O/g of filter-sorbent. EFFECT: increased sorption capacity of filter. 4 ex


Background
Undergraduate research has many demonstrated benefits like enhancement of student's critical thinking, understanding of research process, and soft skills development, yet so many challenges are facing medical students with availability of time being the most cited among many undergraduates. The aim of this study was to assess the undergraduates research experience in terms of benefits, barriers and mentorship from students perspectives.
Methods
This study used a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach. The quantitative part was observational, analytical cross-sectional study design with census sampling and 900 participants from 3 batches. The qualitative part constructed in 6 focus group discussions with thematic analysis. The data were collected using standardized pre-validated questionnaire for the quantitative data, and structured questions for the qualitative data. Statistical analysis for the quantitative data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ® version No. 26, while qualitative data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 9 software.
Results
From 950 census of the three batches, 900 student filled the questionnaire with 94.7% response rate. The mean age of the participants was 24.7, with 69 % females. After finishing their research only 7.7% published their work (65.3% journal, 16.7% conferences presentations). The highest gains reported from this experience were understanding the research process in the medical field, learning to work independently, and ability to read and understand primary literature, while the lowest were learning laboratory techniques, clarification of career path, and confidence in their potential to be science teachers. Themes generated from the qualitative data regarding undergraduate research benefits were: 1. Research knowledge, 2. Soft skills and 3. Scientific/Academic paradigm. The three most reported barriers were research knowledge and skills (44.4%), mentorship (24.4%), and time management (21.7%).
When assessing mentorship, 28.9% indicated that their supervisor was about average "He was very good, He wasn't always available, but when available he tries to give us everything he can, generally he was so nice" group3, participant4, 15.8%  said he/she is outstanding as a teacher and mentor "she was so supportive (supportive as a supervisor, teacher and even as a mom), she was trying to get the best out of us " group1, participant1. We investigated the association between students evaluation of their supervisors and their evaluation of the overall research experience, these two variables were moderately correlated (r=.31 ,  P = .000). Also there is a significant positive correlation between supervisor`s evaluation and students tendency to choose another research experience as undergraduates (r= .2 , P= .000). Nevertheless, Supervisor`s evaluation also correlate with the overall benefits from the research experience (r= .2  , P =.000).
Conclusion
Undergraduate research experiences had many well-established benefits yet so many challenges were encountered by students when conducting medical researches. These challenges need to be addressed properly in order to maximize the outcomes. Nevertheless, Mentorship is a defining feature and can determine the outcome of the whole research experience among undergraduates, and this necessitate baying further attention to this factor.


We provide the scheme for driving a network modelled by dynamical system from one state ("undesired") to another one. This can be done by changing in time adjustable parameters and require knowledge of the structure of attractors of a system. The process is explained and illustrated by analyzing the two-element network.We provide the scheme for driving a network modelled by dynamical system from one state ("undesired") to another one. This can be done by changing in time adjustable parameters and require knowledge of the structure of attractors of a system. The process is explained and illustrated by analyzing the two-element network.


Background IL‐13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and in the regulation of IgE synthesis in humans. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL‐13 gene have been associated with asthma and total serum IgE level in Caucasian populations.


The electronic component-embedded printed wiring board and its manufacturing method are disclosed. According to an aspect of the invention, a cavity (cavity) is formed of an insulating core board, received in the cavity and isolated which are respectively formed on both sides of the electronic component, the insulating core substrate electrode is formed on a surface layer, and electrically connected to the electrode on the insulating layer a via (via), and electronic component-embedded printed circuit board including a first circuit pattern formed so that the via and electrically connected to the insulating layer is formed so as to be provided. Accordingly, the manufacturing process is simplified by reducing the number of wiring layers can be improved and the yield of the product. An electronic device, internal, insulating-core


This paper presents an optimized adoption of NVM for the storage system of heterogeneous applications. Our analysis shows that a bulk of I/O does not happen on a single storage partition, but it is varied significantly for different application categories. In particular, journaling I/O accounts for a dominant portion of total I/O in DB applications like OLTP, whereas swap I/O accounts for a large portion of I/O in graph visualization applications, and file I/O accounts for a large portion in web browsers and multimedia players. Based on these observations, we argue that maximizing the performance gain with NVM is not obtained by fixing it as a specific storage partition but varied widely for different applications. Specifically, for graph visualization, DB, and multimedia player applications, using NVM as a swap, a journal, and a file system partitions, respectively, performs well. Our optimized adoption of NVM improves the storage performance by 10-61%.


Learning the behaviour of consumers remains imperative for marketers to device marketing strategies. Consumer perception and satisfaction is an undermined human psychology that marks a particular human behaviour. The study focuses on consumers Milma milk product Attitude and preference towards Milma milk products. The study definitely ensures development in the field of co operative diaries that ultimately results into rural development. KEYWORDS Consumer attitude, dairy products, Milma milk, Nallepilly Panchayath. MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA ndia is the highest milk producer in the entire globe. India is well known as the 'Oyster' of the global dairy industry, with opportunities galore for the entrepreneurs globally India is the largest producer of milk producing more than 100 million tons of milk per annum. Yet, her per capita milk consumption is around 250 g per day. India has a population of more than 1 billion with diverse food habits, cultures, traditions and religions. Regional variations within the country can be mind boggling. On one hand, the country has plains with long tradition of milk production and consumption. India had tremendous milk production in 40 years and has become the world's largest milk-producing nation with a gross output of 84.6 million tons in 2001. The Indian Dairy Industry has achieved this strength of a producer-owned and professionally-managed cooperative system, despite the facts that a majority of dairy farmers are illiterate and run small, marginal operations and for many farmers, selling milk is their sole source of income. REVIEW OF LITERATURE CHRISTINE M. BRUHN (1992) studied on the topic "Consumer Attitudes and Market Potential for Dairy Products Utilizing Fat Substitutes". He examined about the impact of diet on health has led consumers to reduce the consumption of foods perceived as being high in fat. This study quantifies consumer concern about dietary fat, identifies foods perceived as being high in fat, and explores attitudes toward, and interest in, purchasing dairy foods in which the fat has been reduced by a fat substitute. SOHAIL AYYAZ, HAMMAD BADAR AND ABDUL GHAFOOR (1993) their study examines the level and determinants of consumer perception of packed milk in Pakistan. In order to seek the objectives of the study, primary data were collected through intercept interviews of 120 consumers of packed milk from three major cities of Pakistan i.e. Lahore, Faisalabad and Multan. The results of the study indicate that consumers mostly perceive packed milk relatively better due to its various quality attributes. The estimated ordered logistic regression model reveal that younger, married and male consumers irrespective of education level have greater preferences for packed milk RICH PIROG (2004) studied on the topic "Consumer Perceptions of Pasture raised Beef and Dairy Products: AN INTERNET CONSUMER STUDY". He study perceptions that Iowa consumers have regarding pasture-raised beef and dairy products, Gauge the level of awareness Iowa consumers have regarding a set of perceived benefits of pasture-raised beef and dairy products, and determine the level of interest that Iowa consumers have in receiving information about how and where their food products are raised. RAVINDER FRANK FULLER, JOHN BEGHIN AND SCOTT ROZELLE (2006) Their paper analyzes demographics, cultural factors, and purchasing behaviours influencing the consumption of fresh milk, yogurt, ice cream, and powdered milk in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China. Results from estimation of a double-hurdle model of consumption show that income and marketing channels are the key determinants of milk consumption levels; however, education, advertising, and convenience play a more important role in consumption of other dairy products. V. S. JONES & M. A. DRAKE (2015) they conducted study on the topic "Consumer perception of soy and dairy products A cross-cultural study". The purpose of this research was to collect consumer views and opinions from New Zealand (NZ) and U.S. consumers about the health benefits and product claims associated with soy and dairy products and to determine if there were any cross-cultural differences. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Based on the above reviews an attempt is made to undergo a study focusing on the consumer attitude and preferences towards Milma Diary products. The results and suggestions of this study will facilitate the manufacture to improve their product. This study useful to the manufactures to take decision and to identify the present consumer trends and problems. It helps to take appropriate decision for improving their performance. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Learning the behaviour of consumers remains imperative for marketers to device marketing strategies. Consumers perception and satisfaction is an undermined human psychology that marks a particular human behaviour. In India, dairy industry is a rapidly flourishing industry in FMCG sector. India stands first in its share of dairy production in the international scenario. Contribution of Kerala dairy products to GDP of India is 80%. Milma's share to kerala's contribution is 45%. The role played by the Milma in catering to the needs of rural people and providing live hood are very much imperative. Study on consumer perception on Milma Brand will definitely ensure development in the field of cooperative diaries that ultimately results in to rural development. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. to know the consumers perception on dairy product I VOLUME NO. 6 (2016), ISSUE NO. 01 (JANUARY) ISSN 2231-4245 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed (Refereed/Juried) Open Access International e-Journal Included in the International Serial Directories http://ijrcm.org.in/ 11 2. To study the attitude of consumers towards Milma milk products. 3. To study the preference of consumers towards Milma milk products. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Nallepilly panchayath is selected as a sample area for the research in which a population of 13839 survives. It is comprised of 19 wards. Disproprotionate stratified random sampling method is applied. A pilot study was conducted with 50 respondents. Based on the data collected the irrelevant questions are removed and necessary changes are made to the interview schedule. Thus the sample size is finalised with 200 respondents. TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS In this research work the following tools are applied Chi-square and Correlation CHI-SQUARE In this research the chisquare test is used to find out whether there is any association of variables namely age, monthly income, educational qualification with purchase behavior opinion, volume of consumption and satisfaction of respondents. CORRELATION This tool is used to assess the correlation between age and monthly income and total consumption of milk by the respondents. So that it will be thriving relevant information related to the objectives framed. RESULS ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS MILMA MILK PRODUCTS H0: There is no significant association between Opinion about Milma milk products and educational qualification TABLE NO. 1: OPINION ABOUT MILMA MILK PRODUCTS AND EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION Educational qualification Opinion about Milma milk products Very Good Good Neutral Poor Very poor Total Uneducated 24 12 2 2 0 40 School level 15 42 26 8 5 96 Graduate 2 33 2 3 2 42 Post graduate 3 8 6 3 0 20 Others 0 1 0 0 1 2 Total 44 96 36 16 8 200 INTERPRETATION As the chi squqre value being 77.04 at 5% level of significance when degrees of freedom remains 16 is greater than the table value 27.587, The null hypothesis is rejected. H0: There is no significant association between Gender and practice of watching ingredients of Milma milk product TABLE NO.2: GENDER AND PRACTICE OF WATCHING INGREDIENTS OF MILMA MILK PRODUCT Gender Practice of watching ingredients of Milma milk product Yes No Total Male 86 30 116 Female 26 58 84 INTERPRETATION At 5% level of significance, the computed value of chi square is 37.647 at degree of freedom 1 is greater than the table value 3.841and hence the null hypothesis is rejected. PREFERENCE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS MILMA MILK PRODUCTS As Milma milk is brand as the most popular item among all other Milma products the following hypothesis are framed and analysed. H0: Monthly income of respondents does not have significant association with total consumption of milk in a day TABLE NO. 3: MONTHLY INCOME AND TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF MILK IN A DAY Total consumption of milk in a day Monthly income 5000-1000


The standard 100 base pairs (bp) DNA ladder is an essential molecular marker in the molecular biology laboratory. This standard DNA marker is normally used to determine the size of DNA fragments, plasmids and PCR products during gel electrophoresis. Since the standard DNA ladder is one of the major costs in molecular biological research and teaching; therefore, the unlimited inhouse production of this DNA ladder could be an effective cost reduction strategy for laboratories. Thus, the purpose of this study is to prepare a DNA ladder template for laboratory use by constructing a plasmid DNA inserted with a synthetic 1,500bp polynucleotide fragment. Using the PCR technique, the results showed that PCR was able to amplify 11 different fragments ranging from 100-1,000 bp, and a 1,500 bp fragment with high qualification and size accuracy. Finally, the purification of the PCR product fragments showed high quality and quantity for each individual band of the ladder. Our inhouse procedure for the production of the 100 bp DNA ladder points to the possibility of a simple, inexpensive, time saving and an unlimited production method for laboratory-grade DNA markers.