The design space of Ga2O3-based devices is severely constrained due to its low thermal conductivity and absence of viable p-type dopants. In this work, we discuss the limits of operation of a novel Ga2O3–Al2O3–diamond-based super-junction device concept, which can alleviate the constraints associated with Ga2O3-based devices. The improvements achieved using the proposed device concept are demonstrated through electrical and thermal simulations of Ga2O3–Al2O3–diamond-based super-junction Schottky barrier diodes (SJ-SBDs) and non-punch-through or conventional Schottky barrier diodes (NP-SBDs). The SJ-SBD enables operation below the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm {\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-breakdown voltage limit of Ga2O3 NP-SBD, enabling >4 kV blocking voltage at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm {\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1–3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2. The maximum switching frequency of SJ-SBD may be only a few kHz, as it is limited by the activation energy of acceptors (0.39 eV) in the diamond. Crucially, compared with NP-SBD, the use of diamond also results in ~60% reduction in temperature rise during static power dissipation. Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) properties depend on detailed microstructure and benefits compared to ideal Ga2O3 NP-SBD arise for diamond critical fields ≥6 MV/cm and thermal conductivities as low as 50–150 W/(m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> K).


The author discusses the use of Logic Calc, a spreadsheet program that was developed for the design of digital systems. It provides a simple, interactive, highly visible, self-documenting method of designing digital systems at various levels of abstraction. Logic Calc allows the designer several capabilities not offered by financial spreadsheets, including an ability to specify the size in bits of each spreadsheet cell. This allows spreadsheet cells to closely represents registers, databuses, and other digital hardware of various sizes. Another specialized feature of Logic Calc is an ability to simulate registers and other key components of a digital system in a single spreadsheet cell.<<ETX>>


The general aim of this study was to examine the emotions of higher education students, experienced in their everyday (student) life, which was acomplished using the Experience Sampling Method. The results show that students are more likely to experience a positive rather than a negative affect and that the most frequently experienced emotions on the scale of positive affect are joy followed by love, while fear and sadness are most frequent ones on the scale of negative affect. Moreover, the results indicate that the students experience a lower positive (higher negative) affect in academic settings or when they are faced with college related activities, while a higher positive (lower negative) affect is experienced in personal life contexts.


In order to study the factors which determine the habit of the ice-crystal, a series of experiments on the mode of growth of ice-crystals grown in gases into which water vapor diffuses at different rates have been conducted. In the present paper, results of experiments with air, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are given. In air the mode of growth of ice-crystals at water saturation changes markedly with temperature; at -7°C growth rate along the principal axis is much larger than that along the lateral axis, but at -16°C the former is smaller than the latter. The results of examination of ice-crystals grown at -7°C and -16°C in the gases mentioned above show that the difference in the growth habit with temperature as mentioned above is pronounced in the case of carbon dioxide as in the air, but much less pronounced in the case of hydrogen atmosphere. In hydrogen gas the growth velocities in both directions are nearly equal. This tendency was found in the mode of ice-crystals formed by two different methods; one formed by AgI seeding and the other formed on rabbit hair in a cold chamber. In the latter case, air and hydrogen were filled in the chamber by turns during the growth of an ice-crystal and the corresponding changes in the modes of growth were observed.


Abstract This paper describes work at a newly-established Mental Health Centre with a young man suffering from chronic anxiety, manifested in many agarophobic and social phobic symptoms. Initially a model of behaviour therapy was used, a method which I had not hitherto practised, my basic orientation being psychodynamic. The paper highlights my difficulty in adhering to a strick behavioural approach, and traces the development of a counselling relationship which attempted to combine useful behavioural techniques with some basic psychotherapeutic principles. It illustrates the difficulty of maintaining a balance and a structure which respond to the complex and changing needs of the client.


This thesis proposes a planner that solves Navigation Among Movable Obstacles problems giving robots the ability to reason about the environment and choose when manipulating obstacles. The planner combines the A*-Search and the exploration strategy of the Kinodynamic Motion Planning by Interior-Exterior Cell Exploration algorithm. It is locally optimal and independent from the size of the map and from the number, shape, and position of obstacles. It assumes full world knowledge


Photograph by Roger Stalley. View of nave through to south transept and south cloister walk from north-west(north elevation missing). East end has five graded lancet windows with one additional lancet in the centre of the gable. South elevation has nine trefoil-headed lancet windows with niches below which have round, trefoil and ogee-headed arches. A round-headed entrance leads to the south transept. A pointed arch, carried on one square and one cylindrical pier with bell capital, also opens into the south transept from the nave.


In this paper,the major academic viewpoints of the international forum on Chinese management held in June 23-24,2010 are reviewed.The forum makes a in-depth discussion circled the theme of "Research on Indigenous Research toward Geocentric Integration",which involves the study of the necessity and direction of Chinese management indigenous research,the features,paradigm and research methods of Chinese management indigenous research,traditional culture and Chinese management indigenous research,indigenous situation and Chinese management indigenous research.The conference reflects the recent development of current Chinese management indigenous research and a number of important consensuses are reached.


In streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037, an enzyme which phosphorylated streptomycin appeared in old mycelium at stationary to autolyzing stage. This enzyme phosphorylated streptomycin with equimolar ATP at C6-OH in the streptidine moiety. This phosphomonoester of streptomycin was identified with the phosphorylated streptomycin (referred to as L compound) which was previously reported to accumulate in the culture broth when the pH was controlled below neutral.


The study examined the habitation and the number of long-tailed gorals by molecular identification, sexing discrimination, and identity tests on feces and hair samples estimated to be endangered long-tailed goral in Mt. Yongmasan, Mt. Achasan and Mt. Inwangsan near Seoul metropolitan city. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences showed that the DNA samples from the three mountains were those of long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus). The molecular sexing results showed that there were a female and a male in Mt. Yongmasan, a male in Mt. Achasan, but no informative results for Mt. Inwangsan. The identity test results indicated that the males of Mt. Yongmasan and Mt. Achasan were the same male, estimating the shift of this male from Mt. Yongmasan to Mt. Achasan. In addition, the goral of Mt. Inwangsan had a different COI sequence from those of Mt. Yongmasan and Mt. Achasan estimated to be this male with a different maternal lineage. Our present findings provide molecular evidence that at least three gorals have been inhabiting or continuously visiting the mountainous areas of Seoul metropolitan city, suggesting that a management system may be necessary for protecting this natural habitat of endangered long-tailed goral.


Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance investigations of paramagnetic centers in whole human blood were carried out at 170 K using X-band EPR spectrometer. The study included a group of patients and healthy volunteers. The EPR signals from high spin Fe3+ ions in transferrin (g = 4.2) and Cu2+ ions in ceruloplasmin (g = 2.05) are characteristic of each frozen blood sample. An overview of all recorded spectra revealed in several cases additional lines derived from high spin Fe3+ ions in methemoglobin (g = 5.8 - 6), free radicals (g = 2.002 - 2.005) and various low spin ferriheme complexes (g = 2.21 - 2.91). The lines from cytochromes (g = 3.03 and 3.27) were observed only twice. The EPR measurements have not confirmed the correlation between the occurrence of a particular type of low-spin iron complex and a specific disease entity. Moreover, the presence of EPR lines from trivalent iron also did not differentiate patients from healthy volunteers.


The digital and virtual world has taken a toll on the lives of the vast majority of the population across the globe. Even though it has resulted in numerous technological advancements and has enhanced the scope of socialising and staying connected with people from different parts of the earth, it has a variety of drawbacks and negative aspects which seem to dwindle the affected person both physically and mentally. One such adversity is the reality of cyberbullying, which millions of people who extensively use digital platforms and social media are exposed to. Cyberbullying is a very broad field of adversity and pressing concern in the twenty-first century, especially since it's the digital era. Cyberbullying occurs in varied forms and affects people in numerous ways with different intensities. It includes cracking into an individual's profile, posting unnecessary comments to defame people, malicious use of social media platforms, etc. Techniques and algorithms to bring a halt to cyberbullying are one of the primary areas researchers and programmers need to focus on. In the earlier stages of the digital era, cyberbullying was considered to be an event of the occurrence of a mishap due to peer pressure. As virtual platforms evolved massively, cyberbullying has taken the spotlight resulting in the harassment of naive individuals. The fact that there's an absence of face-to-face confrontation has complemented the cruel aims and deeds of cyberbullies. Cyberbullies have initiated the use of technology in the disguise of a weapon to humiliate and hamper the growth and success of people out there. Another trend that has been closely observed is the conversion transition and huge jump from physical bullying to cyberbullying wherein, social media and similar digital tenets which were meant to play a positive role in the lives of people started amplifying the negativities of virtual bullying. This chapter talks about how cyberbullying has evolved over the decades, the limitations and drawbacks of cyberbullying, and solutions and methodologies to prevent this mishap.


Objective To study the curative effect of lamivudine on cirrhosis following chronic active hepatitis B. Methods Forty inpatients and outpatients in a hospital from February 2000 to February 2002 received lamivudine 100mg orally everyday for consecutive 12 months. Clinical symptoms, signs, biochemical exam results and viral markers were compared between before and after the treatment. Results After receiving lamivudine treatment, 37 patients' situation remained stable, life quality improved, child pugh score declined, and liver function became normal or better. The level of HBV DNA decreased to less than 10 3 copies/mL; HBeAg of 29.73% of patients (11/37) became negative. Conclusion Treatment with lamivudine for cirrhosis following chronic hepatitis B can improve liver function and life quality.


Abstract Background Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 are frequently observed in glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and many other cancers. While wild-type IDHs convert isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), mutant IDHs convert α-KG to onco-metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Inhibitors of mutated IDH1 or IDH2 showed clinical benefits and were approved for AML patients, supporting IDH1/2 mutations are bona fide oncogenes. However, it remains unanswered whether inhibition of IDH1 mutant activity in glioma shows clinical benefits. Methods Small-molecule inhibitors for mutant IDH1 were synthesized and tested by in vitro IDH1 mutant enzymes and cell-based assays. DS-1001b is a tert-butylamine salt of DS-1001a. X-ray crystallography was applied to get the insight of inhibition mechanism. We used 14C-labelled DS-1001a to check the brain exposure of the compound. We used a glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model with heterozygous IDH1R132H to monitor the anti-tumor activity of DS-1001b. Results DS-1001b inhibited the enzymatic activities of IDH1R132H, IDH1R132C, and wild type IDH1 with IC50 values of 8, 11 and 180 nM, respectively, while it did not inhibit IDH2R140Q, IDH2R172Q, or wild type IDH2 (IC50 values of > 10000 nM). Through the analysis of X-ray crystallography of the ternary complex of IDH1R132C, NADPH, and compound A, a DS-1001b derivative, compound A was found in the allosteric pocket located at the dimer surface and IDH1R132C was in "open" inactive form. DS-1001b treatment inhibited production of 2-HG from cells with IDH1R132H or IDH1R132C at 20 – 50 nM. Brain exposure of the compound was tested in mice with radioactivity of [14C]DS-1001a, and the results suggested DS-1001a penetrates blood-brain barrier (BBB). Administration of DS-1001b showed great reduction of 2-HG in the tumor and clear anti-tumor effects against subcutaneous A1074 PDX model with heterozygous IDH1R132H. Conclusions Our results indicate that DS-1001b, which is currently in a phase I clinical trial for treating glioma with IDH1 mutations (NCT03030066), is BBB-permeable and effective against the PDX model of IDH1 mutant glioma through inhibition of IDH1 mutant proteins. Clinical trial identification NCT03030066. Legal entity responsible for the study Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Funding Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Disclosure H. Matsunaga: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Y. Machida: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. M. Nakagawa: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. M. Yamaguchi: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Y. Ogawara: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Y. Shima: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. K. Yamagata: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. T. Katsumoto: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. A. Hattori: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. M. Itoh: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. T. Seki: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Y. Nishiya: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. K. Nakamura: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. K. Suzuki: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. T. Imaoka: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. M. Suzuki: Full / Part-time employment: Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. K. Ichimura: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo. I. Kitabayashi: Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The microstructures that have relatively large height, high aspect ratio are very important for improving micro-devices' characteristics. In this paper reactive ion etching (RIE) of PMMA to create high aspect ratio micro-structures was described. We use Ni film as mask, which was patterned by usual photochemical etching, then use O2RIE technology to etch PMMA thick film (100 micrometers ). During the etching process, O2 pressure, etching power are very important for the etching results. There are grass-like residues remained on the etched surface until the PMMA was over etched, this phenomena is caused by the micro-mask effect. With over etched, the grass-like residues can be eliminated. The etched surface is very smooth and the side wall is vertical. The etching depth can get up to higher than 100 (mu) M and the aspect ratio is 5.


The coupling length of directional couplers was polarization strongly dependent, especially for the waveguide tap. A 12-μm-thick silicon-on-insulator waveguide combined with the bending effect on directional couplers could minimize the polarization-dependent-loss to 0.15dB for monitoring.


Three known polyol menthane monoterpenoids, namely, (4R)-1-p-menthen-6,8-diol (1), (4R)-1-p-menthen-4,7-diol (2), and (1R,2R,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,4-triol (3), and 6 known phenolics (4-9), in addition to β-sitosterol 3-O-glucoside (10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Daucus carota subsp. hispidus (Ball) Heywood (Family: Apiaceae) growing in Tunisia. The structures of the isolated compounds were established depending upon the spectroscopic techniques including one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, and 2D NMR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The absolute configuration of the compounds 1 to 3 was determined using experimental circular dichroism (CD) for the first time. Compounds 1 to 3 were reported for the first time from this plant. Compounds 1 to 3 exhibited no antimicrobial and antioxidant activity using superoxide dismutase-like activities. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited weak activity, while 1 showed negative cytotoxic activity against human mouth squamous carcinoma (HSC-2) and human cervical cells (HeLa) cancer cells.


The purpose of this article is to use Lonnie Athens' violentization theory to explain the Bosnian and Rwandan genocides. These two case studies are used to compare and contrast how the brutalization, defiance, violent dominance engagements, and virulency stages emerged prior to and during the genocides. Using published texts such as interviews with perpetrators, human rights reports, and court transcripts, qualitative content analysis is employed to test the fit between violentization theory and the two case studies. The results demonstrate that violentization theory is consistent with the data and provides an explanation of how the genocides developed and were enacted. Similarities and differences between Rwanda and Bosnia are described to explain how the perpetrators went through the violentization process, and an additional stage is added to illustrate extreme violence. Suggestions for further research using this model are provided.


If the nature,landscapes and painters are understood within a general framework of the regional landscapes of Yunnan,the landscape paintings in Yunnan should be regarded as a production influenced by a variety of historical,humanities,and aesthetics factors,having their peculiar existence and present as far as the painting style is concerned.In deed,the beautiful mountains and rivers and the colorful life of the people bring the painters the enlightenment on their artistic ideals and determine their tastes in their aesthetics seeking in their paintings.The painters,thus,have an eternal seeking for creating the colorful regional images of the landscape,in which the core is to seek the harmony between man and nature.


The organic pigment was synthesized from iron sand, and alum used sol-gel method. Iron sand was soluted on chloride acid to made FeClx. The chelating agent was used oxalic acid to form metal organic as iron oxalic (FeC2O4). Adjustment of pH about 2 has done by NH4OH titration with precursor volume ratio variation. The gel was formed with PEG addition on 150°C heating temperature for 8 hours. The gel was washed with distilled water to eliminate salts residue. The gel was heated on temperature 200°C for 5 hours then yellow pigment is formed. XRD characterization showed that the yellow pigment has a structure of Jarosite. The color of pigment was analyzed using CIE Lab and identified that the yellow color composition is dominant on 1:1 volume ratio of precursor NH4OH. The color and magnetic properties of the pigment were changed by heating treatment.


represent a disease spectrum rather than two distinct disorders. Lichen planus of the usual type may affect the keratinised skin of the vulva, often with lesions elsewhere. It tends to be underdiagnosed as the area is not examined; hypertrophic forms have a predilection for the vulva. The erosive form tends to affect the vulva, vagina and gingivae but partial manifestations are common. Corticosteroids, topical and systemic, and oral retinoids are helpful. Patients with lichen sclerosus may present with minimal lesions or with gross destruction of the architecture of the vulva. Symptoms may be severe or absent. There is some potential for malignancy. Topical clobetasol propionate is safe and effective treatment (topical testosterone is now known to be useless). The differential diagnosis of lichen planus and lichen sclerosus includes the immunobullous disease cicatricial pemphigoid; immunofluorescence studies are often required. Extramammary Paget's Disease is often widespread and mimics a dermatosis. Excision with checking of the borders (perhaps by micrographically controlled techniques) is advised initially. An underlying adenocarcinoma is sometimes found. Recurrence can be treated conservatively (oral retinoids, topical 5-fluorouracil). Associated malignancy elsewhere should be sought.


The phi factory (Superconducting Mini-Collider or SMC) proposed for construction at UCLA is a single storage ring with circulating currents of 2 A each of electrons and positrons. The small circumference exacerbates the difficulties of handling the gas load due to photodesorption from the chamber walls. The authors analyze the vacuum system for the phi factory to specify design choices. It is concluded that the SMC vacuum system, while more challenging than that of existing storage rings, is within the bounds of sound engineering practices. The antechamber moves the gas load away from the beam, thereby lowering the required distributed pumping. To minimize photodesorption, stainless steel backed by a Cu cooling bar has been selected for the chamber material. This design allows for chamber commissioning in approximately=300 hours of ring operation.<<ETX>>


The quickest way to fail at networking is tied to the same reason that we came out and started networking in the first place.  We are typically introduced to networking through an individual, book, audio or video resource... encouraging us to grow our...


2. The h-principle for locally trivial fibrations 2.1. The h-principle over small subsets 2.2. The h-principle over totally real submanifolds 2.3. Local extension of the h-principle 2.4. Localizable extensions 2.5. The h-principle for Cm-bundles 2.6. Manifolds with totally real souls 2.7. Totally real extensions 2.8. Nicely localizable extensions 2.9. The basic h-principle for Z -* X 2.10. Homomorphisms and holomorphic maps of rank > r


An author's complete works is a document of a specific literary style which is formed by selecting and organizing all the works and creations of one writer, which is a manner of data systematization. An author's thought and statement can be expressed efficiently through organizing all these works and related references. Hence, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of editing and to design the structure editing for an author's complete works.There is no standard structure editing, a handbook or even a guidebook to reference for Taiwanese author's complete works. This eventually leads to varied structure editing.For the purpose of collecting, organizing, and applying varied references, it is necessary to analyze how to manage bibliographies and references, and to summarize the principles. The complete works of Kui Yang is used as an example; to analyze the arrangement on its structure editing. Moreover, statistics related methods are employed in this paper to point out the editing principles which should be mastered so as to give a reference for those on editing author's complete works.


On the basis of extensive literature retrieval,the research advance of Actinidia chinensis plants anti-tumor effect were reviewed.It was found that A.chinensis roots have a good anti-tumor effect and development prospect.


This thesis presents an investigation of the impact of indoor small-cells. It is expectedthat small-cells will be able to increase the throughput and capacity for the existingnetworks. A deployment ...


© 2017 by the author; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Figure 3. Estimated permittivities, (a) real ε′ and (b) imaginary ε" part, of all organic samples measured over the entire wetness range θ and at room temperature (filtered as specified in Section 2.2.3), using a filling factor α for the full tube length (grey) and specifically calibrated for the 4 cm tube insertion depth (red).


Studies show that self-efficacy plays an important role in emotional work. The goal of research is to identify if there is a connection between the perception of self-efficacy, interest teachers for feedback, biological gender and type of education (public and private) on teachers' emotional work. The applied tool aims to level the teacher is interested in emotions, feelings and messages conveyed in daily communication at school. The type of education, gender, and feedback are not influencing the teachers' emotional work. A new factor, the interest for feedback seems to be important for the emotional work of teachers.


Currently, the presence of spurious microwave radiation is increasing in the environment, which has caused concern due to possible health problems in living beings and electromagnetic interference in electronic systems. To control this problem, studies in the materials area are taking place, aiming to attenuate the spurious radiation and meet requirements of good performance in broadband, low cost and low weight. The present work aimed to study Cu and Ni nanometric films with thicknesses of 65 and 200 nm, deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrate by magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy with a field emission gun (FEG-SEM) showed that the films produced have different morphological textures, due to the parameters used in the sputtering process and also the free energy of metals. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the films have low conductivity values, due to the metallic oxides formed on the film surfaces, confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and also to the presence of defects. Electromagnetic characterization (8.2 – 12.4 GHz) showed that the Cu and Ni thin films had low performance, except the Ni_200 nm film, which showed a total shielding efficiency of about 30% in broadband. This result is promising considering the nanometric thickness of the Ni film.


Aspects of the professional training of personnels – the aspects important for the customers of specialists – hi-tech industrial enterprises are considered in the article. The analogy of industrial and educational innovations and technological processes is offered. The types of over educational innovations corresponding to the classic industrial innovations are brought. It is shown on practical examples, that transfer of different types of industrial production into the sphere of trade education is the effective instrument of the systems planning of personnels training for industry.


A set of propositions is advanced, and a method of testing them along a single dimension, mass communication content, is proposed in this conceptual research model.


Campbell et al. show that force stimulates PAK2 activation at cell–cell junctions, where it protects cells under force from death and plays a key role in linking force-induced mechanotransduction, metabolism, and cell survival.


The present study was aimed to obtain energy saving in the sterilization step in the processing of canned tuna by recovering condensate.
The data were obtained from the company "Conservera de las Americas" and to implement the energy balance an experimental module consist of an experimental flash vessel 2 L of capacity built in stainless steel AISI 304 L was used also an electric boiler of 7,5 kw and a condenser of hull and tubes type made of stainless steel AISI 304 L.
The total energy required for the canned fish was 211,58 kcal/kg; determining a thermal efficiency of 90 %. The recovery of condensate at high pressure as flash steam from the sterilizer to preheat the water supply to the boiler increased their efficiency in 4 %. The heat-recovery system requires a heat exchanger tubes and hull built in carbon steel with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1095 kcal/h m2 oC. The costs of production decreased by recovering the energy of the steam condensate through flash steam preheating the water supply to the boiler, obtaining a fuel savings of 51840gal/1000 BHP year corresponding to S/ 192 471.55 /1000 BHP year.


OBJECTIVE:To prompt medical staff to pay attention to adverse drug reactions due to cerebral infarction induced by L-asparaginase.METHODS:One 7-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intensive treatment of L-asparaginase was reported and analyzed,compared CT and MRI prompting cerebrovascular infarction cases.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:Domestic literatures were retrieved,while none of them regarded it.Domestic patients can also suffer from L-asparaginase-induced thrombosis.Clinical symptoms caused by thrombosis are reversible after symptomatic treatment.


The activity for alkene metathesis on MoO3/or MoO3–x/β-TiO2(0.1 < x < 0.7) was enhanced more than 103 times after treating with SnMe4, while the hydrogen scrambling as well as the double bond mirgation of the alkenes were not influenced by this treatment; the metathesis of inner alkenes on these activated catalysts was characteristic since the cis or trans conformation of starting molecules was retained in the metathesis products.


A numerical study was conducted for the supersonic combustion of premixed kerosene-air flow ignited by a high-temperature hot gas as the pilot flame. Many factors, which have important influences on supersonic combustion, were systematically explored. These factors include the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio of the supersonic premixed flow, and the pressure matching relations between the premixed flow and the hot gas. The results show that with the rise of the static temperature or the static pressure of the premixed flow, the compression wave induced by ignition intensifies, resulting in an increased highest temperature and an expanded flame-spreading angle. When the equivalence ratio of the premixed flow is exactly stoichiometric, the combustion temperature reaches the highest. When the static pressure of the premixed flow is higher than that of the hot gas, the ignition distance is shorten, compared with the static pressures matched cases. On the contrary, when the latter is higher than the former, the ignition distance is prolonged. Moreover, the flame-spreading angle is larger in the non-matched cases than that of the matched case. Besides, auto-ignition occurs in the boundary layer at the lower wall in many cases.


Background: Wheezing is a common presentation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, other rare etiologies such as endotracheal tumor should be kept in mind. Case presentation: We report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of carina in which the patient initially presented with wheezing mimicking COPD. Chest roentgenogram showed a soft-tissue density in the tracheal air column. Surgical resection of the tumor was technically hindered by difficulty in airway establishment during anesthesia. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was employed to secure adequate blood-gas exchange during operation, after which the tumor was resected smoothly and the patient discharged uneventfully.Conclusions: Endotracheal tumor should be kept in mind when facing a patient presenting with wheezing. Careful auscultation and interpretation of the chest roentgenogram are two important keys for differentiating such lesions from asthma or COPD. If further intervention was hindered by difficulty in airway establishment, ECMO proves effective and safe to "bypass" such an impossible airway and secure the procedures.


In a Tutton's-salt like family with Fe atom, three compounds K 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 n H 2 O ( n = 2,4, or 6) are known. The phase transition in K 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 2H 2 O was already examined by the authors' group. Anomalies of both specific heat and dielectric constant were recently found on K 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 4H 2 O at 283 K. Structure analyses were performed, therefore, at 300 K (monoclinic, space group C 2/ m ; a = 11.853(1), b = 9.544(1), c = 9.951(1)å, g = 94.81(1), V = 1121.7(5)å 3 ; Z = 4) and 123 K ( P 2 1 / a, Z = 4).


In order to devise a temperament questionnaire that includes both theoretical construct and empirical research evidence, and could obtain the behavior information about children with ADHD quickly. The purpose of this study were to analyze the reliability and validity of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire – ADHD Version, which was base on the temperament construct proposed by Rothbart, et al. The process was believed to facilitate the understanding of the temperament characteristics as well as the developmental process of temperament in children with ADHD . Participants were 82 mothers whose toddlers were at age1.5 to age 3. Research instruments were Children's Behavior Questionnaire – ADHD Version, Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale – Toddler Version, Toddler Temperament Scale, and the temperamental subscale of Parenting Stress Index. The result shows that the internal consistency and test – retest reliability of Children's Behavior Questionnaire – ADHD version were acceptable. The correlation coefficient between Children's Behavior Questionnaire – ADHD version and Toddler Temperament Scale were significant. The same result was found between Children's Behavior Questionnaire – ADHD version and temperamental subscale of Parenting Stress Index. Furthermore, concurrent validity was found at the two correlations mentioned above. To analyze the relationship between the developmental process of temperament and the behavioral pattern, the method of gathering the longitudinal data of high risk of ADHD groups was suggested to be hold in the future. Further research could aim to design an appropriate intervening program according to the findings of temperament characteristics in children with ADHD, which would provide an effective guidance for parents to deal with the conflicts between ADHD toddlers more flexible.


Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ, capable of altering phenotype in response endurance training (ET). MicroRNAs (miR) are a class of short, non‐coding RNA molecules that reportedly play a central role in regulating post‐transcriptional. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ET on the blood and in human skeletal muscle in miRNAs‐206 levels.


A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2011 and 2012 at G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to find out the efficacy of bispyribac-sodium in managing weeds in direct-seeded rice. Among the treatments, bispyribac-sodium 20 and 25 g/ha applied at 1–3 leaf stage or at 4–6 leaf stage of the weeds was found the most efficient having lowest weed density and biomass during both the years. Rice grain yield and yield attributing characters (tillers/m2 and grains/panicle) were influenced by the effectiveness of the treatments. The highest grain yield of rice was recorded with weed free (4.03 t/ha) which was at par with bispyribac-sodium 20 and 25 g/ha.


Apparatus for ground coffee and heavy (10, 100) comprising: a coffee grinder, comprising: a base structure (12, 112); a mechanism of ground coffee (30) disposed inside the base structure (12, 112) operable to grind whole coffee beans into ground coffee; an output portion (16, 116) operatively associated with the coffee grinding mechanism (30) including an outlet (17, 117) configured to dispense ground coffee thereof; and said apparatus further comprising grind and heavy coffee: a coupled measurement device weight (20) operatively connected to the base structure (12, 112) and positioned below the outlet (17, 117), the device being weight measuring (20) configured to support a filter holder (50) provided with a basket (52) comprising a nozzle (53) dependent on the basket (52) and an elongated handle (54); and the measuring device weight (20, 60) having a holder platform (40, 80) having a support portion basket (42A, 42B, 82A, 82B) holding the basket (52) of the holder (50) comprising directly below the outlet (17, 117) to fill the basket (52) with ground coffee, the part 25 of support basket (42A, 42B, 82A, 82B) having a hollow interior region (41, 95) comprising for receiving said nozzle (53) of the basket (52) and the platform holder (40, 80) further comprising a handle support portion (44, 84); the apparatus for grinding coffee and heavy characterized in that the handle support portion (44, 84) can be selectively adjusted to allow use with various types of filter holder being


Through the judgments Digital Rights Ireland and Tele2 Sverige, the CJEU emphasised the power of the CFR (in particular arts 7, 8, 52) through the fundamental right of data protection and general principles of law such as the principle of proportionality and legal certainty. Article 52 CFR represents the essence of justification. In the spirit of article 52(3) and (4) CFR it becomes evident that the CJEU, the ECtHR and the German Constitutional Court go in the same direction. The CJEU was brave enough to deliver a scathing verdict on data retention. More strongly than the German CC, the CJEU safeguards data protection. Hence, the decisions of the CJEU were described as milestone decisions and the CJEU as a Court of fundamental rights. On the other hand, the CJEU focused all its power on proportionality expressed through the element of strict necessity. It is astonishing that the Court does not use the existing methodology on proportionality to strengthen legal discipline and confidence. Although proportionality may be assessed differently in single legal systems and cultures, the broad constitutionalisation and application of proportionality in jurisdiction proves the power of this general principle of law. The exploration of this principle is rather challenging, but most beneficial for the future application of primary law


We show that the Nariai-Bertotti Petrov type D, homogeneous solution of Einstein's vacuum field equations with a cosmological constant describes the space-time in the interaction region following the head-on collision of two homogeneous, plane gravitational shock waves each initially traveling in a vacuum containing no cosmological constant. A shock wave in this context has a step function profile in contrast to an impulsive wave which has a delta function profile. Following the collision two light-like signals, each composed of a plane, homogeneous light-like shell of matter and a plane, homogeneous impulsive gravitational wave, travel away from each other and a cosmological constant is generated in the interaction region. Furthermore a plane, light-like signal consisting of an electromagnetic shock wave accompanying a gravitational shock wave is described with the help of two real parameters, one for each wave. The head-on collision of two such light-like signals is examined and we show that if a simple algebraic relation is satisfied between the two pairs of parameters associated with each incoming light-like signal then the space-time in the interaction region following the collision is a Bertotti space-time which is a homogeneous solution of the vacuum Einstein-Maxwell field equations with a cosmological constant. Subject Index: 451, 452


Objective: Local infiltration analgesia has gained popularity in recent past using mixture of drugs for various surgeries. This study was planned to assess the efficacy of local infiltration, which is a mixture of ropivacaine, clonidine, adrenaline, ketorolac, adrenalin and normal saline, for total hip replacement based on postoperative outcomes like Visual Analogue Score (VAS), mobilization time and hospital stay. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted with 30 patients of both the gender of all age groups, fit for total hip replacement. During the operative procedure local infiltration analgesia was infused at 3 stages. Patient was assessed for post operative pain based on visual analogue score, mobilization time and hospital stay. Results: Among 30 patients included in the study, 23 (76.7%) were male and 7 (23.3%) were female. Of total 30 patients 83% of the patients had a VAS of 0-3 at rest for 6th,12th, 18th and 24th hour intervals and on movements 80% of the patients had a VAS of 0-3 at rest for 12th, 18th and 24th hour intervals. The age of patients ranged from 17yrs to 83 years. The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.53 days. The mean time duration of first walk was 14.1467hrs. Conclusion: Local infiltration analgesia can be considered as safe practice in efficiently controlling pain after total hip arthroplasty.


Is then Pφ(t) convex for every t > 0? (See Section 2 for the definition of α-concavity.) The porous medium equation provides a simple model in many physical situations, in particular, the flow of an isentropic gas through a porous medium; in such a case, u and um−1 represent the density and the pressure of the gas, respectively. Due to its practical interest, regularity and geometric properties of the free boundary ∂Pφ(t) have been extensively studied by many


In this thesis, I designed and implemented a background subtraction method based upon disparity verification that is invariant to run-time changes in illumination. Using two or more cameras, the method models the background by using disparity maps, which warp the primary image to each of the additional auxiliary images. During run-time, segmentation is performed by checking the color and luminosity values at corresponding pixels. When more than two cameras are available, segmentations become more robust and the occlusion shadows can generally be eliminated as well. The method assumes only fixed background geometry, which allows for illumination variation at run-time. And, because the three-dimensional reconstruction of the background is performed during the off-line stage, the method is easily implemented to achieve real-time performance on conventional hardware Thesis Supervisor: Aaron F. Bobick Title: Assistant Professor, MIT Media Laboratory


Thermal conductivity of propelling charge in ammunition was measured with a method which can simulate real condition of propelling charge in store and provided a basis for studying the safety of aummunition in storage.


Abstract In this paper, I will start from considering some theoretical desiderata concerning sentences that directly or indirectly involve fiction: i) the fictional use of language requires a context-shift; ii) one understands a sentence whether it is used fictionally or not; iii) one and the same proper name is, typically at least, used both within a certain work of fiction, i. e., when the sentence containing it is used fictionally, and outside that work of fiction, i. e., when, apparently at least, the sentence containing it is used nonfictionally yet in order to indirectly concern that very fiction; iv) different naming practices are to be mobilized by such different uses (independently of whether the apparently nonfictional use is actually successful as far as the reference of the name is concerned); v) independently of their really having a referent, proper names are always devices of direct reference. I will claim that once one takes proper names as indexicals of a particular sort, indexinames for short, one can account for some tensions that arise from the aforementioned desiderata. According to my proposal, a proper name »N.N.« is an indexical whose character is roughly expressed by the description »the individual called ›N.N.‹ (in context)«, where this description means »the individual one's interlocutor's attention is called to by means of ›N.N.‹ (in context)«. This character is a partial function that maps narrow contexts onto referents. Such contexts are enriched narrow contexts that over and above the traditional parameters (agent, space, time and world) also include an ›acquisition‹ parameter, i. e., a parameter filled by a naming practice constituted by an informal act of dubbing (in which the dubber tries to call one's attention via the name to something), and usually also by a certain transmission chain. By appealing to this context, an indexiname automatically acquires a referent, if there is any (quite similar to the way things work with demonstratives once their narrow contexts are taken to be enriched by a further parameter, typically a ›demonstration‹-parameter). Furthermore, I claim that such a proposal works independently of one's ontological stance concerning fictional entities, that is, independently of whether one believes either that there are or that there are no such entities. Simply put, individuals of different kinds (actual fictional characters for realists, nonactual individuals for anti-realists) are picked out by indexinames in the relevant narrow contexts. Furthermore, I will argue that such a proposal is advantageous to similar indexicalist proposals such as the one put forward by Tiedke (2011), for that proposal seems unnecessarily ad hoc and it is still too undeveloped. Finally, I will try to show how this proposal can deal with some objections one may raise against an indexicalist treatment of proper names: a) the objection from validity, claiming that if names are indexicals, then one can no longer account for the validity of certain inferences involving them; b) the objection from contexts, claiming that if names are indexicals, then one cannot plausibly account for sentences involving them (in context) to be absolutely true (true in that context).


There have been significant changes in gender and sexuality over the period since the 1960s, including augmented (though still highly inadequate) access to contraception and abortion, a higher cultural profile for sexualities, and  improvements in the formal rights of women, lesbians, gays and (to a lesser extent) transpeople.  These changes are substantial enough that they are commonly referred to as "the sexual revolution." While this sexual revolution since the 1960s has made a real difference in the lives of many, queer, anti-racist and other critics point out that the dominant regime of sex and gender normativity has been reformed but not overturned. This paper will take the term "sexual revolution" back to its origins in the social insurgency of the early 20 th century.  Wilhelm Reich was one among many who developed conceptions of sexual revolution in the period from the 1890s-1930s. These sex radicals tended to see sex and gender liberation as important, and often missing, dimensions in broader struggles for revolutionary emancipation. Black feminist and other radical voices from feminist, anti-racist, ecological and anti-colonial struggles through the 20 th century challenged and expanded these conceptions of freedom. In this paper, I will build on Peter Drucker's analysis of combined and uneven sexual development, that provides important resources for understanding sexualities on a global scale neither as a single system of modernization nor as a set of seperate systems, each with their own dynamics. Trotsky conceived of permanent revolution as the necessary approach to emancipation in conditions of combined and uneven development. Global sex and gender liberation is not a question of development through stages to the highest level of freedom represented by white bourgeois men in the Global North since the 1960s. Rather it requires a process of revolutionary struggles radiating northwards and southwards, with an orientation to decolonizing, anti-racism, feminism, queering and ecological sustainability as well as collective and democratic control over the means of life-making.


Objective To review the research advances of the seed cells , the scaffolds and the tissue fabrication of tissue engineering bone. Methods The literature concerned culturing human bone marrow cells, reshaping cuttlebones, and fabricating bone tissues was reviewed extensively. Results Osteoblasts from human bone marrow were successfully induced and differentiated; the cuttlebones were reshaped in cuttlebone hydroxyapatite for the first time; and some tissue engineering bones, such as the osteoblasts/CHA500R, osteoblasts/cuttlebone hydroxyapatite and osteoblasts/PBH were fabricated. Conclusion These tissue engineering bones constructed by marrow derived osteoblasts and CHA500R, cuttlebone hydroxyapatite or PBH are hopeful to be applied clinically.


Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulations techniques are applied to a problem of quantum electrodynamics: to find the divergences inclosed in a Feynman graph. These divergences are connected to the topology of the graph. No calculations are performed.


54 4 297 10.3138/cart.54.4.2018-0026 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ATLAS OF CANADA / Ottawa: Royal Canadian Geographical Society with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Assembly of First Nations, Métis National Council, Indspire, and National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, 2018. Pp. 308; illustrated (colour) w/maps, 25 × 30 cm. ISBN: 978-0-9867516-2-2 (hardcover/slipcase), $99.99 CDN. Available from https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/.


An analytical model is presented for the effects on the acoustic nonlinearity of the interaction of matrix dislocations with precipitate coherency strains in metallic alloys. The acoustic nonlinearity parameters are shown to depend linearly on the dislocation density, volume fraction of precipitates and precipitate-matrix misfit parameters, and on the fourth power of the dislocation loop length. The model predicts changes in the acoustic nonlinearity parameter associated with the growth of precipitates during the artificial aging of aluminum alloy 2024 that are in good agreement with experimental measurements reported in the literature.


Background: Lingual nerve injury can occur through a multitude of etiologies. Platelet Rich Plasma has been studied since the 1990s and it is known that platelets are capable of secreting growth factors. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on functional sensory recovery and time to recovery following lingual nerve microsurgery. Methods: All patients had lingual nerve microsurgery and neurosensory testing performed by surgeon between 2015 and 2019. Description of procedures performed, sensory testing, and patient information were obtained by a retrospective review of hospital records and office charts after institutional review board approval (reference number CR00003274). Those patients who underwent lingual nerve microsurgery (primary neurorrhaphy with-out use of nerve grafts) with and without the use of PRP during this study period were included. The functional sensory recovery was determined by subjective and objective neurosensory testing. The objective findings were correlated to a Medical Research Council System score, with grades S2, S2+, S3, S3+, and S4. Functional Sensory Recovery was determined at S3, S3+, and S4. Results: The effect of PRP on sensory recovery for lingual nerve microsurgery was compared to the group without platelet rich plasma using a non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney U test). The mean total functional sensory recovery achieved was functional sensory recovery S3+. Follow-up time was from 3 to 18 months (mean, 9.32 months; SD, 3.67 months). The follow-up time until achieving functional sensory recovery was 5.5 months for the PRP group and 9.5 for the non-PRP group. Conclusions: Although there were no statistical differences in neurosensory testing between the 2 groups studied, the time to achieve functional sensory recovery was expedited in the PRP group. Due to the small incremental improvements with or without the use of PRP; no significant differences between the groups were noted except in time to functional sensory recovery with the PRP group showing shorter duration. The shorter duration to functional sensory recovery with the use of PRP was statistically significant and clinically relevant.


Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on the blood glucose level and antioxidase activity in diabetes rats. Methods Of the 50healthy Wistar rats,10were taken randomly as normal control group,given basic diet,and the others were intraperitoneally injected with low dose of streptozotocin(STZ)to induce T2DM models,which were later randomized into T2DM group,resveratrol low dose(50mg/kg,L)and high dose(100mg/kg,H)groups,with 10rats in each.After feeding high fatty and high sugar diet for 8 weeks,the FPG,FIns,and HbAlc,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidases(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)of the rat models were detected respectively for analysis.Results Compared with the T2DM group,the levels of FPG,FIns,and HbA1c decreased,the activities of SOD and GSH-px increased,and the MDA content lowered in the resveratrol low dose and high dose groups,with a significant statistical difference(P0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol improves the antioxidative ability,inhibits lipid peroxidation,and decreases the blood glucose level of diabetic rats.


In this paper, we suggest a new perturbation strategy for a splitting operator method for solving the set-valued variational inequalities with strongly monotone and compact mappings, under the mild condition, and prove the global convergence of the method. Also, we discuss the self-adaptive strategy and find the approximate solution of the set-valued variational inequality problems. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 49J40, 47H09, 47J20, 54H25.


Abstract Gyalideopsis moodyae Lendemer & Lücking, a new species from eastern North America belonging to the G. muscicola group, is described. It is separated from other species in the group by its apothecial morphology, hyphophore type, and small 3–5 transversely septate spores.


Informal settlement, the negative consequences of urbanization in the contemporary world. Particularly as a result of rapid industrialization and regional inequalities, especially in the metropolitan cities and towns has been faced with numerous problems, it is a condition common component in addition to informal settlements in legal terms, using of building materials that are unstable and high density of population per unit area leads to increased vulnerability in times of crisis, especially in the Settlement risk is the abnormal. In the field of passive defense as a role model for decreasing abnormal increased risk of bio-containment facilities and is the dominant pattern in this area. Meanwhile, the government and other agencies competent approach to improve and enhance the physical (structural) space has led to the use of different theories, empowerment approach in recent years, with the support of international organizations and the state as a corporate strategy has been used in the field.


Rich contents of Taoism included in Journey to the West, aroused attention even when the book was written. It's true to the Writer's learning, time the book Produced and subject matter,etc. there are things unfittable and against it.


Recently, an interesting indication for a dark matter signal in the form of a narrow line, or maybe two lines and/or an internal bremsstrahlung feature, has been found in analyses of public data fr ...


Well-aligned CuO nanowire arrays were grown using a thermal oxidation method at temperatures ranging from 350 to 650degC. Morphology and structure characterization was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction, while composition and electronic structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Field emission properties including current-applied field characteristics, emission uniformity and temperature dependence are tested in a ultrahigh vacuum system


This master thesis deals with visual merchandising tools, which are being used within retail market. Main objective is to research and describe Zara's and Lindex's visual merchandising tools and then evaluate its level of efficacy when it comes to their influence on target group called fashionistas. The purpose of this thesis is to create an eligible foundation for a visual communication with the chosen target group.


Job market signaling (via education) models assume workers know the ir marginal productivities before accepting jobs, but employers do not. Yet modern theories of the firm predict positive cross partial derivatives among factors. Factor owners, thus, cannot know their marginal products before interacting with others. Any empirical claim that education is being used for socially wasteful signaling is therefore suspect. Exceptional, but underpaid, workers can, in any case, shirk down to the common level instead of obtaining education. The recent finding that minimum wage laws could curb wasteful signaling might thus be a solution in search of a problem. Copyright 1988 by Oxford University Press.


This paper presents the rationale, challenges, successes and results of activities to establish the requirements for a mobile learning environment. The effort is part of a European-funded research and development project investigating context-sensitive approaches to informal, problem-based and workplace learning by using key advances in mobile technologies. The techniques used include user observation, participatory design workshops and questionnaires. Analytic techniques include UML and the Volere shell and template.


T HE elite of nineteentlh-century Chile has traditionally been seen as disciplined, progressive, and indudstiious. Both Chilean and foreign scholars have generally accepted the argument that such essentially bourgeois chairacteristics underlay the nation's uniquie political stability and economic pIrosperity. In fact, this pervasive view of Chilean history probably has some meiIt. To a remarkable extent, Chile's gente decente, as the elite styled itself, was able to maintain internal discipline, preserve a degree of homogeneity, and achieve national political consensus through parliamentary governmeint. How Chileans achieved the elite consolidation and political stability whiclh their counterparts in neiglhboring states found so elusive is the subject of this essay.' Recent studies in social history suggest that elite formation is often not a random process but may in part proceed deliberately throuigh formal socialization and eduication of youth. In countries such as England and the United States, where the state did not involve itself directly in civic


This paper describes the present status of endurance tests of graphite orificed hollow cathodes at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Discharge and neutralizer cathodes have been developed for JAXA's xenon ion engines. In order to achieve long life with stable performance, the keeper disk, orifice plate, and cathode tube in these cathodes are made of high-density graphite. An endurance test of the discharge cathode was started in March 2006 in a discharge chamber without beam extraction. Cumulative operation time reached 25,800 hours in August 2009 and there have been no signs of performance deterioration so far. An endurance test of the neutralizer cathode was started in June 2008 and has accumulated 9,300 hours of operation.


As computational power and storage capacity increase, processingand analyzing large volumes of data play an increasingly importantpart in many domains of scientific research. Typical examples oflarge scientific datasets include long running simulations oftime-dependent phenomena that periodically generate snapshots oftheir state (e.g. hydrodynamics and chemical transport simulationfor estimating pollution impact on water bodies [4, 6, 20],magnetohydrodynamics simulation of planetary magnetospheres [32],simulation of a flame sweeping through a volume [28], airplane wakesimulations [21]), archives of raw and processed remote sensingdata (e.g. AVHRR [25], Thematic Mapper [17], MODIS [22]), andarchives of medical images (e.g. confocal light microscopy, CTimaging, MRI, sonography).
These datasets are usually multi-dimensional. The datadimensions can be spatial coordinates, time, or experimentalconditions such as temperature, velocity or magnetic field. Theimportance of such datasets has been recognized by several databaseresearch groups and vendors, and several systems have beendeveloped for managing and/or visualizing them [2, 7, 14, 19, 26,27, 29, 31].
These systems, however, focus on lineage management, retrievaland visualization of multi-dimensional datasets. They providelittle or no support for analyzing or processing these datasets --the assumption is that this is too application-specific to warrantcommon support. As a result, applications that process thesedatasets are usually decoupled from data storage and management,resulting in inefficiency due to copying and loss of locality.Furthermore, every application developer has to implement complexsupport for managing and scheduling the processing.
Over the past three years, we have been working with severalscientific research groups to understand the processingrequirements for such applications [1, 5, 6, 10, 18, 23, 24, 28].Our study of a large set of applications indicates that theprocessing for such datasets is often highly stylized and sharesseveral important characteristics. Usually, both the input datasetas well as the result being computed have underlyingmulti-dimensional grids, and queries into the dataset are in theform of ranges within each dimension of the grid. The basicprocessing step usually consists of transforming individual inputitems, mapping the transformed items to the output grid andcomputing output items by aggregating, in some way, all thetransformed input items mapped to the corresponding grid point. Forexample, remote-sensing earth images are often generated byperforming atmospheric correction on several days worth of rawtelemetry data, mapping all the data to a latitude-longitude gridand selecting those measurements that provide the clearestview.
In this paper, we present T2, a customizable paralleldatabase that integrates storage, retrieval and processing ofmulti-dimensional datasets. T2 provides support for many operationsincluding index generation, data retrieval, memory management,scheduling of processing across a parallel machine and userinteraction. It achieves its primary advantage from the ability toseamlessly integrate data retrieval and processing for a widevariety of applications and from the ability to maintain andprocess multiple datasets with different underlying grids. Mostother systems for multi-dimensional data have focused on uniformlydistributed datasets, such as images, maps, and densemulti-dimensional arrays. Many real datasets, however, arenon-uniform or unstructured. For example, satellite data is a twodimensional strip that is embedded in a three dimensional space;water contamination studies use unstructured meshes to selectivelysimulate regions and so on. T2 can handle both uniform andnon-uniform datasets.
T2 has been developed as a set of modular services. Since itsstructure mirrors that of a wide variety of applications, T2 iseasy to customize for different types of processing. To build aversion of T2 customized for a particular application, a user hasto provide functions to pre-process the input data, map input datato elements in the output data, and aggregate multiple input dataitems that map to the same output element.
T2 presents a uniform interface to the end users (the clients ofthe database system). Users specify the dataset(s) of interest, aregion of interest within the dataset(s), and the desired formatand resolution of the output. In addition, they select the mappingand aggregation functions to be used. T2 analyzes the user request,builds a suitable plan to retrieve and process the datasets,executes the plan and presents the results in the desiredformat.
In Section 2 we first present several motivating applicationsand illustrate their common structure. Section 3 then presents anoverview of T2, including its distinguishing features and a runningexample. Section 4 describes each database service in some detail.An example of how to customize several of the database services fora particular application is given in Section 5. T2 is a system inevolution. We conclude in Section 6 with a description of thecurrent status of both the T2 design and the implementation ofvarious applications with T2.


This article suggests that key bureaucrats play a decisive role in times of welfare crisis. It argues that key bureaucrats, through their advice, define both the type of welfare crisis and the range of possible solutions, which have at least two important consequences: First, it broadens the distribution of welfare cuts, as key bureaucrats—contrary to politicians—have no interests in targeting special voter groups. Second, it enables political compromises, as both the government and the opposition trust the key bureaucrats' expertise. These suggestions are tested empirically in a case study of Sweden in the 1990s. It shows that key bureaucrats did indeed influence both the distribution of the cuts and enabled a compromise between the center-right government and the Social Democratic opposition.


In this paper we present a project of a Booster-injector for the Duke FEL storage ring. The Booster will provide full energy injection into the storage ring at energy from 0.25 to 1.2 GeV. The Duke storage ring FEL (SR FEL) operates in lasing mode with 193-700 nm wavelength range. This range will be extended into VUV in near future. The geometry of the Duke SR FEL provides for head-on collision of e-beam and FEL photons. This mode of operation is used for High Intensity /spl gamma/-ray Source (HI/spl gamma/S facility) generating intense beams of /spl gamma/-rays from 1 MeV to about 200 MeV (currently from 2 MeV to 58 MeV). Generation of /spl gamma/-rays with energy exceeding 20 MeV causes the loss of electrons, which will be replaced by new electrons from the Booster, operating in a top-up mode. The Booster has a robust FODO lattice. In this paper we present the design of the Booster and its magnetic elements. For 2D and 3D magnet design of the magnetic elements we used MERMAID 2D/3D code.


Background and Objectives : We are developing an in vitro preparation of the mouse inner ear so as to study morphcp-hysiologic character of phmary vestibular afferents and synaptic transmission within the vestibular epithelium. Materials and Method : We have intra-axonally recorded from over 300 ampullary fibers, close to the base of fheir respective anten or and lateral chsta m from hair cell/afferent nerve synapse), and labelled as a sub-set oft hese with biocytin (n=71). Dis-charge activity can be c1assified as regular or irregular based on the vahation of fhe interspike interval (coefficient of vahation) Using a micropusher to indent exposed windows of membranous labyrinth, we have charactehzed the response properties of both antedor and hohzontal canal afferents. We studied afferent activity in response to sinusoidal indentations of antehor and hohzontal membranous canal. Results : The majohty of labelled units were dimorphic (56 out of 71), having both calyx and bouton terminals and there was no labelled bouton terminal, Whether action potentials (Aps) were spontaneous or elicited with current, a heterogeneity of discharge activity was observed and these were similar to those previously reported in in vivo recordings from other mammalian species, in recordings over a range of frequencies from 0.01 to lO.OHz, afferents responded with smusoidal changes at discharge rates and modulation of membrane potential in a predictable manner. The phase response of the afferent discharge was characterized by frequency-dependent shifts in peak activity. The peak activity of anterior canal was in advance of the maximum indentation ( out ofphase), with largest phase leads at 0.01 Hz (59.2) and the smal-lest phase leads occurring at 1.0 Hz (13.4), while maximum indentation was in advance of the peak activity at 10.0 Hz (-17.6). These phase shifts were similar to those reported in in vivo recordings from mammals, despite our use of artificia1 rather than natural rotational stimuli, Conclusion : We developed an in-vitro mouse model to study morphophysiologic characteristics of primary vestibular afferent nerve and synaptic transmission.


The large n behavior of the hypergeometric polynomial \[ {}_3F_2 \Bigg(\begin{array}{c} -n, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} -n,\frac{1}{2} -n \end{array};-1\Bigg) \] is considered by using integral representations of this polynomial. This 3F2 polynomial is associated with the Catalan–Larcombe–French sequence. Several other representations are mentioned, with references to the literature, and another asymptotic method is described by using a generating function of the sequence. The results are similar to those obtained by Clark (2004) who used a binomial sum for obtaining an asymptotic expansion.


Network topology plays a critical role while designing and evaluating network protocols. Most existing topology generators are insufficient to reflect the real world network demands to a topology or to capture the Internet topology evolution such as the "flattening" Internet. They focused on the graph properties of a topology, thus, lacking of ability to model engineering features of the network. Some state-of-art topology generators that consider engineering factors fail to capture trends in both intra-AS and inter-AS connections, which are equally important for evaluating future network protocols. We have developed a topology generator GeoTopo, which is to our best knowledge the first scalable topology generator modeling engineering factors for both intra-AS and inter-AS topology generation. The engineering factors that GeoTopo considers include demographic and geographic features as well as business interests of ASes. We use GeoTopo to create and study three classes of topologies: the topology characterized mainly by graph-properties (Status Quo topology), the topology driven by peering at Internet Exchange Points (IXP topology) and the topology characterized by country backbones (CB topology). The SQ topology follows the degree-based model and serves as a baseline for capturing topology features. The IXP and CB topologies model two major directions of the Internet "flattening". The three classes of topologies enable us to analyze the impact of engineering factors on topology generation such as AS peering policies, IXP deployment and AS geo-settings. GeoTopo's ability to generate projected future Internet topologies make it a valuable tool for the design and evaluation of Future Internet Architectures that is currently under consideration in the research community. We use the evaluation of Global Name Resolution Service (GNRS), a key component shared by name-based network architectures, as an example application to demonstrate GeoTopo's capability to capture the mobility of network entities, the locality of the traffic, and the impact of the evolving network.


"ShuoAJiuA" is a spoken construction in common use.After semantic investigation of this construction,the paper finds it has three genres: type of transitoriness;type of outburst;type of uncertainty.On the form,all these three genres have characteristics of their own.This paper also discusses its development course.


The aim of the study described in the paper is to estimate the level of inactive unemployment in Poland. This required the estimation of the number of inactive unemployed and their percentage in the total number of persons registered as unemployed. The estimation was based on unit-level data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (2010–2018). A calibration approach was applied that involved auxiliary variables relating to registered unemployment. The results indicate that a significant proportion of persons registered as unemployed are economically inactive. The percentage of inactive unemployed ranged from 29.8 to 53.3 percent over the studied period, with an upward trend observed since 2014. It was also demonstrated that the level of inactive unemployment varies among groups defined by basic demographic indicators, i.e. sex, age and education. The most pronounced differences can be observed between groups determined by sex – women registered as unemployed are economically inactive much more often than men.


Various theories have been presented to explain momentum and reversals in stock returns. Based on the model of Hong and Stein (1999), this paper creates a hybrid strategy to avoid the losses from the reversal phase. The risk-adjusted returns of the new strategy are significantly higher than those of the traditional momentum strategy. Moreover, the risk-adjusted returns of the new strategy cannot be fully explained by Carhart's four-factor model. Such a finding is robust in different time periods and size quintiles. Overall, this paper exploits the interaction between heterogeneous investors and generates distinctive applications.


We have performed systematic studies of the trend of the critical temperature T_c due to both Madelung site potential difference between in-plane oxygen and copper sites ΔV_M and interlayer effect in the optimally doped 123 superconductors RBa_2Cu_3O_(7−δ). ΔV_M is found to decrease with the increase of the trivalent rare-earth ionic radius r_(R^(3^+)). This change enhances the next-nearest-neighbor hopping integral t′, which results in the experimentally observed increase of T_c with r_(R^(3^+)). The coherent interlayer single-particle hopping t_⊥ has a more profound effect than t′ on the nearly linear trend of T_c as a function of r_(R^(3^+)). These results reveal the importance of the electronic origin of the rare-earth ionic size effect on T_c in this family.


The acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease is believed to be primarily a microvascular event. It will rarely involve the larger pulmonary vasculature. We present a case of sickle cell disease where segmental pulmonary arteries were temporarily occluded during the episode of sickling.


The delay-tolerant networks DTNs are a network designed to operate effectively over extreme distance. In DTNs, due to the unique characteristic of frequent partitioning, multicasting becomes a considerably different and challenging problem. In this paper we study multicasting in DTNs and propose a multicasting protocol, cluster-based multicast routing protocol CBMRP, to support clustering in DTNs. Here multicast data transmission is simulated to transmit data to multiple destinations. Initially the distributed clusters are formed based on their EWMA values and depending on the services offered by mobile nodes inside the cluster, they are split into various groups. The data transmitted from source node is received by all the nodes of the group, in which the destination resides. The results show that our proposed protocol increase the network performance in terms of delivery rate as an epidemic routing scheme, and at a substantially lower overhead in multicast data transmission.


The invention provides a standard cell, a semiconductor device, and a method for laying out and wiring the standard cell. The chip area of a semiconductor device having a plurality of standard cells is to be made smaller. A semiconductor device includes first and second standard cells. The first standard cell includes a diffusion region, a functional device region opposed to the diffusion region, and a metal layer. The second standard cell includes another diffusion region continuous with the diffusion region, another functional device region opposed to the other diffusion region, and further another diffusion region formed between the other diffusion region and the other functional device region. The metal layer and the other functional device region are coupled together electrically through the diffusion regions.


A new form of Boussinesq-type equations is developed for the case of wave propagating over a bed with a slope of the magnitude of O (l ) or over rapidly varying topography such as rippled beds. The assumption of mild slope is not used; The formulation of the new equations is the extension to one-order higher than the classical Boussi- nesq equations derived by Peregrine in 1967, the velocity distribution along depth is a fourth polynomial and the ac- curacy of the dispersion and nonlinearity of the new equations is one-order higher than that of the classical Boussineq equations. As an example of application, the new equations are used to consider the Bragg reflection problem.


The invention discloses an intelligent radio-frequency IC card water meter, which relates to improvement on an IC card water meter and can greatly reduce the power consumption of the water meter. The water meter comprises a main control unit; a valve control and position detection device, a flow detection device, a battery protection circuit, an external attack detection circuit, a data storage and data protection circuit and an LED display circuit are connected with the main control unit; an IC card read-write circuit with low power consumption is also connected with the main control unit; the card reading circuit with low power consumption comprises an MCU which supports nano-watt technology and is provided with 1 to 8 pins; and the card reading circuit with low power consumption also comprises a resonance circuit communicated with a radio-frequency card, a detection circuit, a reference voltage providing circuit, a comparison interface and a power supply management interface. The adopted read-write circuit with nano-watt power consumption takes the MCU supporting the nano-watt technology as a control core of the circuit, the circuit is detected before reading and writing, the read-write circuit is shut down when the read-write circuit does not accord with the initial state, and alarm prompt is provided so as to prolong the service life of a battery. Because the power consumption is on the nano-watt level, the battery of the water meter works for longer time compared with the same battery.


Gas leakage is a major issue in the world which is a cause of many human lives and property loss. One of the major causes of gas incidents are improper functioning of alert systems. So, to overcome this we have come up with a better idea of gas leakage alert system. In this paper we will be discussing about gas leakage detection system using NodeMcu and blynk software.


Abstract Intra-specific chemical variability in the natural population of Gloriosa superba from Eastern Ghats (India) was recorded through validated HPTLC method and in vitro antiarthritic activity of elite chemotypes was evaluated. In total, 36 population(s) of G. superba were mapped and, collected from the phytogeography and densitometric quantification through validated HPTLC-UV method revealed a significant (p > 0.05) difference in the metabolite content of germplasm(s). Colchicine and gloriosine content varied from 0.005 to 0.275% and 0.003 to 0.119%, maximum was recorded in NBG-34 (Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) and NBG-70 (Panchgani hill, Maharashtra) respectively. On cluster analysis, six chemotypes were selected for in vitro antiarthritic activity, although activity was not significantly different. The elite chemotype with highest metabolite(s) content did not exhibit the highest biological activity and thus suggests the synergistic action of extract toward the pharmacological activity. The study promotes the use of G. superba in herbal formulation development as an adjuvant therapy in gouty arthritis and will aid in site-specific exploration of elite chemotype(s) with validated pharmacological action to meet out the medicinal and commercial demands. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Successful control of tsetse (Glossina spp.)‐transmitted trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe Valley, Ethiopia, appears to have accelerated conversion of wooded grassland into cropland. Land conversion, in turn, may have fragmented wildlife habitat. Our objective was to assess the influence of the expansion of agricultural land‐use, brought about by tsetse control, on ecological properties by using bird species richness and composition as indicators of environmental impacts. We sampled bird species richness and composition (using Timed‐Species counts) and habitat structure (using field sampling and remote sensing) in four land cover/land‐use types in areas subjected to tsetse fly control and adjacent areas without control. At the height of the growing season bird species numbers and vegetative complexity were greater in the small‐holder, oxen‐plowed fields and riparian woodlands than in wooded grasslands or in large‐holder, tractor‐plowed fields. Species composition was highly dissimilar (40–70% dissimilarity) comparing among land‐use types, with many species found only in a single type. This implies that trypanosomiasis control that results in land conversion from wooded grasslands to small‐holder farming in this region may have no adverse impacts on bird species numbers but will alter composition. These results also suggest that moderate land‐use by humans (e.g., small‐holder field mosaics) increases habitat heterogeneity and bird species richness relative to high levels of use (e.g., tractor‐plowed fields). Tsetse control may be indirectly maintaining species richness in the valley by encouraging the differential spread of these small‐scale, heterogeneous farms in place of large‐scale, homogeneous farms. Nevertheless, if the extent of small‐holder farms significantly exceeds that of present levels, negative impacts on bird species richness and large shifts in species composition may occur.


Indonesia is located in a high seismic region and is in one of the most vulnerable countries likely to experience earthquakes. The impact of earthquakes on port structures can have an enormous impact on the economy if the earthquake hazard is not acknowledged, essential elements of the transportation system not identified, and damage prevention procedures not applied. In this project, the seismic performance of critical infrastructures, such as post structures as designed and constructed, are assessed. Outcomes of the assessment enable vulnerable elements to be identified leading to design recommendations. The project is conducted based on data collection, field survey, site investigations, experiments, and computer modelling and simulations.


The notion that an interrelationship exists between societal relationships and education, that is, between social relations and the formation of the personality, has repeatedly found expression in the pedagogical systems devised by the greatest educators of the past. Various educators and philosophers have contended that character education is a decisive factor in the improvement of societal relationships, that this is precisely what provides the key to a basic reshaping of the nature of man and to changing society as a whole in order to establish the kingdom of reason on earth. Many outstanding thinkers — Comenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Ushinskii, and others — not only worked out specific systems of character education but strove primarily to demonstrate how these systems could serve to improve or remold the life of society.


The existence of positive solutions of some fourth-order singular semi-positone boundary value problems are obtained on a special cone by using the fixed point index theorem.One example is presented to illustrate the application of the obtained results.The results improve the existing results partially.


The development of Web is changed to be as an entire improvement in the present world. The World Wide Web as the prevalent information construct has had much progress since its initiations. The main purpose of this paper surrounding the developments of the web from web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0. Web 1.0 first generation web like a web of information connections, Web 2.0 second generation web like a web of person to person connections, Web 3.0 like a semantic web these all web connections are explained as three generations of the web in this paper. This paper explains that the development of staring from the web to the future developments in the field of Web Technology.


Abstract Energy efficiency is the main issue in the wireless sensor network. In this paper, we have developed the energy model for Virtual-Multiple Input Single Output cooperative communication using turbo codes. We have compared the energy consumption of uncoded cooperative communication with coded cooperative communication. The effect of code rate, number of participating nodes, channel conditions, target bit error rate on the energy consumption is also investigated. The simulation results show that significant energy saving can be obtained through the proposed turbo coded cooperative communication.


D, L‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐ethyl‐3‐phenylpropanamide (HEPP) is a synthetic drug with anticovulsant effects in a variety of seizure models. HEPP pharmacokinetics was studied after single 50 mg kg−1 intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), and oral (PO) administration in male albino Wistar rats. The plasma concentration against time curves showed a biphasic decay pattern with a similar distribution phase and the same terminal rate constant (β = 0.22 h−1) by all three routes. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (VSS = 0.80 L kg−1) indicates that HEPP is extensively distributed in extracellular tissues. This finding agrees very well with its low binding to plasma protein (mean bound fraction = 19.3 ± 1.1%). The systemic clearance (Cl) was very low (3.30mL min−1 kg−1). The bioavailability after IP and PO administration was 0.80 and 0.60 respectively. In the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic studies a direct relationship was found between the protective effect of HEPP against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures and its concentration in plasma and/or brain. The concentrations at half‐maximal effect (EC50) with 95% confidence interval (Cl) were 70.6 (66–75.5) μg mL−1 in serum and 60.1 (55.4–65.1) μg g−1 in brain. There was a rapid uptake of HEPP into the brain, and after the distributive phase, the disappearances in plasma and brain were almost parallel [Cserum = 109 e−0.25t, r2 = 0.95; Cbrain = 38 e2.53t + 91 e−0.21t, r2 = 0.93], with a Cbrain/Cplasma ratio of 1.1.


Fertilizer is an important technology in increasing food production. In this study, cross-sectional data from 110 smallholder food crop farmers were used to examine fertilizer use and the influencing factors among smallholder farmers in Ondo state, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model were used for the analysis. The results showed that 60.91% of the farmers are male and in their active age. Majority of the respondents (78.18%) are fertilizer users. The result of the Tobit model showed that years of education, distant to the nearest fertilizer market, membership of registered farmers' group, farm size, credit access and fertilizer price were significant factors influencing fertilizer use among the farmers. All the significant variables except distance to the nearest market and price of fertilizer influenced fertilizer use positively. The results suggested that in order to enhance fertilizer use, human capital such as education should be emphasized and formation of cooperatives that offer micro-finances and loans to farmers should be encouraged. Government should also ensure that the subsidized fertilizer reaches the farmers at the subsidized price.


A highly conserved germline point mutation located in the donor splice site of intron 20 of the human Elp1 gene leads to loss of its encoded protein and causes familial dysautonomia (FD; Riley‐Day Syndrome; hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type 3; HSAN3), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe and progressive sympathetic and sensory neuron loss. The protein encoded by elp1 is required for development beyond mid‐gestation and it is part of the transcriptional elongator multi‐protein complex, but its functional role in disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To examine the role of elp1 in sympathetic and sensory neuron development, we generated conditional elp1 knockout mice and we used Wnt1‐Cre transgenic mice to ablate elp1 in neural crest (NC) cells, a highly migratory population of cells which gives rise to sympathetic, sensory and enteric neurons during development. Loss of elp1 in NC cells showed no impairment in their migration, but there was a significant impact on post‐migratory sensory and sympathetic neuron survival and target tissue innervation. In vitro studies using elp1‐deficient neurons showed that it has a profound impact on growth factor‐induced neurite outgrowth but no role in neuron survival. These results indicate that FD is not caused by impaired neuronal migration but rather, neuron death resulting from ineffective target tissue innervation.


Christianity has profoundly shaped the contours of Canadian life from the early seventeenth century to the present. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Canadian Catholicism and Protestantism had been more influential in virtually every aspect of Canadian life than they had been in the United States. Throughout the last two centuries in Canada, there has been a growing gap between elite religion and the populist variety. Secularization has not necessarily destroyed Canadian Christianity. Rather, it has helped to de-Christianize the elite but not necessarily the rank and file. Thus secularization has significantly weakened the churches, especially the mainline ones. The last decade of the twentieth century has witnessed a remarkable transformation of Canadian religious life. Not only are more and more Canadians abandoning Christianity altogether, but more are privatizing their faith, and a significant percentage of those who are remaining in the churches are Evangelical. There is, then, a noteworthy residue of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century pietism and orthodoxy still to be found in Canadian Christianity.


In recent years, inorganic nanostructures, such as fullerene-like MoS2 and WS2 nanoparticles, have been shown to be promising candidates for friction and wear reduction in tribological applications. However, it has been demonstrated experimentally that the mechanical response of any given inorganic nanostructure varies depending on its individual structural characteristics such as size, shape, and crystallinity. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations are performed that investigate the mechanical responses of different types of MoS2 nanostructures during uniaxial compression. The results illustrate the dependence of mechanical behavior on nanoparticle structure and, in particular, indicate that the mechanical properties of MoS2 nanostructures vary significantly with changes in the orientation of the MoS2 walls at the interface.


A wilt disease was observed during the summer of 1993 in a sunflower field near Perugia in central Italy. The disease was characterized by yellowing of leaves as plants approached Dowering. Large areas of the leaves turned light green, usually beginning at the apex and margins and extending inward. Subsequently, leaf margins turned necrotic, and diseased plants were stunted with smaller heads. Our trials proved that this disease was caused by Phialophora asteris f. sp. helianthi. The fungus was examined for colony morphology, temperature growth responses, and pathogenicity. Significant differences were observed among various culture media. Best growth and profuse sporulation were obtained on carrot and Czapeck agars added with peptone. The optimum temperature for growth was 2S C; temperatures of S, 10, IS, and PO C greatly reduced colony growth and sporulation. No growth was observed at PS C. Significant differences in susceptibility to P a. helianthi were observed in 17 sunflower cultivars tested in greenhouse trials; sunflower lines HA 335, 803-1 (=DM-S), HA 89, HA-RI, and RHA 274 were the most resistant. This is the first report of the disease in Italy and Europe


Summary: A simple method which enables rapid screening of cellulase activity was devised. The results of this test correlated with those obtained using published methods for determining filter paper activity.


We carried on CHIME zircon age dating for the Gamaksan alkaline meta-granitoid (GAM) from the northwestern margin of the Gyeonggi massif, and obtained a timing of regional metamorphism at (n=103, MSWD=0.92). The age is compatible with Permo-Triassic regional metamorphic ages from the Imjingang Belt which has been regarded as possible eastward extension of Triassic collisional belt in China. Considering an extensional ductile shearing of the Gyeonggi (Kyonggi) Shear Zone which deformed GAM occurred at 226 Ma with temperature condition about (Kim et al., 2000), and the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Daedong Group unconformably overlies on top of the ductile shear zone, cooling rate of GAM over the period can be estimated as . Since new zircon begin to pow at temperature higher than upper-amphibolite facies condition (), cooling rate of GAM from peak metamorphism (247 Ma) to deposition of the Daedong G.oup (Early Jurassic) would be higher than . Such rapid cooling rate is compatible with that reported from exhumation stage of the Dabie-Sulu Belt, and supports an idea that the Gyeonngi massif is a part of Permo-Triassic orogenic belt in East Asia.


As a result of our broadened understanding of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, new and specific classes of antithrombotic drugs are being developed and evaluated. The new therapeutic strategies are predicated on the development of more specific inhibitors. Combined use of agents with different biochemical mechanisms offers a promising approach.


uses a paradoxical formulation to explain how religion, and even kataphatic or positive theology, is possible: while in itself the Absolute is an unknowable, ineffable mystery, it reveals itself as God for us. The second part of the book is a profound exposition of the idea of creation. Bulgakov held that the creation of the world was a free act of divine love-humility: love for created being, for the other, and humility because God respects the other's freedom and dignity. He defended the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, elucidating it at length. It is a necessary element of his (Augustinian) conception of evil as the privation of being, indeed as the wilful and ''unwarranted actualization of that nothing out of which the world is created. The Maker appointed to this nothing the status of a dark foundation . . . the reverse and obverse of being, but creaturely freedom is at liberty to summon to being even nonbeing'' (270). If evil is the actualization of nothing, then good is the realization of the fullness of being, according to God's eternal idea of creation. That brings us to Bulgakov's signature concept of Holy Sophia: the divine wisdom and love by which God created the world, and also the ideal by which humanity continues his creative work. Sophia is God's ideal foundation or conception of the world, its essence, norm, or soul. Beauty is the supreme way that Sophia is revealed in the world, and art is the supreme way that human beings work to transfigure the world in her image. Bulgakov's Sophianic conception of beauty and transfiguration (spiritualized corporeality) fills some of the most luminous, even mystically inspired, pages of the book. In the last and longest part of the book, Bulgakov further develops key aspects of his theological anthropology. The essential framework is Genesis 1:26: ''Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.'' The ''image of God'' means that the human being is deiform in nature and capable of divinization (286). The image is given but the likeness is a task that we must realize by our own efforts, aided by grace: divinization is a joint divine-human project. (Bulgakov's ''image and likeness'' theology has a long lineage, dating back to the patristic period, especially in the Byzantine East. It received further development in the Renaissance and was powerfully advanced by Bulgakov's Russian master, Vladimir Soloviev.) Our ability to assimilate to the divine likeness was impaired by the fall but restored by Christ. Human history—the subject of Bulakov's last several chapters—was renewed as a Sophianic creative activity to transfigure immanent reality, so that God may be all in all (1 Cor 15:28).


This chapter focuses on the theoretical concept of design thinking and how it has helped reinvigorate upper level grammar instruction for one Spanish teacher education program, particularly through the integration of community engagement, technological innovation, and writing proficiency assessment. The chapter begins by discussing the challenges of helping students reach ACTFL's advanced low proficiency level in oral and written communication, and argues that design thinking, particularly as described by Gwendolyn Barnes-Karol in the Centenary edition of Hispania, can empower university faculty to re-envision the upper-level curriculum in creative, engaging ways that lead toward higher oral proficiency attainment. After analyzing design thinking and the challenges of oral and written proficiency for pre-service teachers, the essay details four specific projects that have been used at a small liberal arts college in Western Pennsylvania to reinvigorate grammar and writing instruction, engage the community, and help students move up the proficiency scale.