Malnutrition is a common occurrence in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya. Well-formulated complementary foods in the market are not affordable by mothers living in these resource-poor communities. Therefore nutrition efforts should be geared towards achieving affordable and nutritious complementary foods for children who are the most vulnerable group in the society. The study evaluated the effects of germination of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) for up to 5 days followed by fermentation (24 hrs) and roasting on proximate composition, iron, zinc, calcium and phytates contents. Results showed that this process decreased calcium and phytic acid levels significantly (p<0.05) while protein, ash, crude fiber, iron and zinc levels were increased. The germinated, fermented and roasted flour gave porridge of superior sensory quality than flour from untreated millet. Keywords: Germination/sprouting, fermentation, roasting, millet.


The paper presents methodology for designing wideband and ultra-wideband filters with electric (capacitive) or magnetic (inductive) direct couplings based on closed-form formulas. For given filter specifications (required frequency characteristic, filter center frequency, bandwidth) the method gives filter parameters as a set of resonant frequencies, coupling factors, external quality factors and characteristic impedances of the filter resonators. The method is based on analysis of circuit models of filters with only-electric and only-magnetic direct couplings. Numerical experiments of the circuit models allowed to study properties of such filters and to build effective design method. In this paper method for designing 5th order filters is described in details. High accuracy of the presented method is also addressed.


For the characteristics of large amount of computation in real-time high-speed image acquisition and processing system,an high-speed image acquisition and preprocessing design based on DM6467 is presented.The program uses high-speed area array CCD to complete the image acquisition of the obiect in the PC,develops a TCP-based network transmission software to achieve the communication between the DM6467 and PC,uses TMS320DM6467ARM+DSP daul-core processer for the real-time image processing.At the same time uses ping-pong cache to achieve parallel processing of CPU.The results showed that the method can fully play the parallel characteristics of DSP devices,effectively improves the image processing speed.


Hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury in the perinatal period causes significant morbidity. Minocycline (MN) is a tetracycline derivative that has reduced brain injury in various animal models of neurodegeneration, including perinatal ischemia. To determine whether MN can modulate the expression of chemokine receptors and interleukin‐10 (IL10) in a model of neonatal brain injury, we produced an HI insult to the right cerebral hemisphere (ipsilateral) of the 7‐day‐old rat (PD7) by right common carotid artery ligation and 2.25 hr of hypoxia in 8% oxygen. MN (45 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (PBS) was injected twice: 2 days and immediately before the HI insult. At 0, 1, 3, and 24 hr and 14 days after HI, total RNA from the ipsilateral and contralateral (exposed to hypoxia only) hemispheres was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified with gene‐specific primers using a semiquantitative RT‐PCR for macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α), interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10), C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5; MIP‐1α receptor), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3; IP‐10 receptor), and IL10. We found that, in the ipsilateral hemisphere, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MIP‐1α, IP‐10, CCR5, and CXCR3 mRNA levels was observed. MN treatment decreased mRNA levels for CCR5 and CXCR3. In contrast, the levels of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10 were markedly decreased as a result of HI insult. Treatment with MN, however, had no effect on IL10. We conclude that MN decreased proinflammatory chemokine receptor expression but had little or no influence on the expression of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10. These effects confirm the antiinflammatory effect of MN in neonatal HI brain injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Collaborative filtering recommendation technology is successfully used in personalized recommendation services. Since the magnitudes of users and commodities in E-commerce system has increased dramatically, the user rating data in the entire item space become extremely sparse. There is a certain deviation while using traditional similarity measure methods, which reduces the recommendation accuracy for the recommendation systems. To overcome the shortages of the traditional similarity measures under such conditions, this paper proposes using similarity impact factor to improve similarity measures in collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms. The experimental results show that the factor can effectively improve the similarity measure result while user rating data are extremely sparse, and significantly improve the accuracy of the recommendation systems.


The utility model relates to an integrated household squeezer which comprises a wok, a squeezing chamber, a squeezing threaded rod, a motor, a control circuit board and a main outer shell, wherein the wok and the control circuit are arranged on the upper portion of the interior of the main outer shell, the motor is arranged on the lower portion of the interior of the main outer shell, and is electrically connected with the control circuit board through guile lines, the squeezing chamber is cantilever-shaped, and is arranged outside the main outer shell, the squeezing threaded rod is rotatably arranged in the squeezing chamber, and is connected with the motor in a driving mode, a liquid-drainage port and a residue-discharge port are arranged at the front end of the squeezing chamber, a feed port is arranged on the top face of the rear end of the squeezing chamber, a feed hole is formed in the bottom, corresponding to the feed port, of the wok, a feed valve is arranged at the position of the feed hole, a heating body is arranged on the periphery of the wok, a mixing propeller is arranged inside the wok, and a squeezing heating body is arranged on the interior, corresponding to the front end of the squeezing chamber, of the main outer shell. According to the integrated household squeezer with integrated design adopted, safety performance is greatly improved, and occurrence of electric leakage accident is avoided. In addition, due to the fact that the squeezing heating body is arranged in the squeezer, the squeezer is enabled to meet the usage requirements of cold squeezing and hot squeezing, and the squeezer can produce edible oil of multiple flavors, so that practicability of the squeezer is improved.


Tea is a kind of beverage which is widely planted in more than 30 countries and consumed next to water.As a new natural antioxidant,tea polypenols,active ingredient in the tea,has important application in food medicament and chemical products for daily use.The component,property,the methods of extraction,application and prospect of tea polyphenopsl have been introduced respectively in this essy.


The present invention includes a method for inputting text on an electronic device having a touch screen, a keypad and display the character input window on a touch screen; Detecting an input of a character via the keypad; Displaying a recommended text related to the characters in the candidate window; Detecting a gesture on the touch input mechanism for the text like; And the like text in a style corresponding to the gesture, characterized in that it comprises a step of displaying the character input window.


EMOTIONS IN SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING: THEORY, RESEARCH AND TEACHER EDUCATION Juan de Dios Martinez Agudo (Ed.) Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018


In this paper, we investigate the effect of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. A design of variable power adaptive modulation using imperfect CSI,subject to an average power and BER constraint,is proposed. Based on the statistic distribution of Wishart matrix, we derive the capacity expression of such systems in a closed-form. The results show that our design is more robust to CSI imperfections than the system designed under a perfect CSI assumption.


In Saskatchewan, intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium Host. Beauv.) suffered severe winter injury during the 1961–2 winter season, which followed a series of drought years, the most severe being 1961. In two tests, designed to study fertilizer effects, the extent of severe winter injury increased with the rate of application. The killing ranged from 4% where no fertilizer was applied to 90% where 66 lb of N per acre were applied. Slightly more winter-killing occurred after applications of ammonium phosphate/sulphate (16-20-0) fertilizer than after ammonium nitrate (33·5-0-0).

The grass growing in rows 36 in. apart killed out to a greater extent than that growing in rows 18 in apart Less winter injury occurred after spring applications of fertilizer than after application in the fall.


Abstract. Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films with low electrical resistivity and higher transparency have been deposited by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. Sputtering process was carried out at RF power of 40 W and with varying substrate temperatures. The structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of the deposited films are investigated. The structural properties reveals that the as-deposited CdO films shows preferential orientation along (111) plane exhibiting face centered cubic structure. The surface morphology shows that all the films possess well defined grain boundaries with high uniformity. CdO samples deposited at substrate temperature of 150°C with RF power of 40 W exhibits above 95% transparency within the visible wavelength with lower electrical resistivity value in the order of 10−5  Ω·cm. The Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals the possible modes present in CdO films and its dependence on substrate temperature. The comparatively high value of the figure of merit for the optimum sample of CdO deposited at 150°C indicates that these films are suitable for optoelectronic device applications.


In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the energy minimum of the aggregate of atoms of a fragment of a planar crystal lattice. To calculate the energy, the Brennor or REBO (reactive empirical bond order) method is used. The REBO potential is calculated using the LAMMPS package (Large-scale Atomic / Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator). As optimization methods, both the gradientless methods and the methods using the first derivatives of the functional are used. To calculate the derivatives, the combined differentiation method, implemented in the LAMMPS package, is used, using sequentially forward and reverse methods of fast automatic differentiation.


The analysis of balance settlement in electrical network distribution of 0.4 kV has shown that com-mercial electric power dissipation causes great damage to the economy. Intensive hooking up of new customers is conducted in Yemelianovsky dis-trict of Krasnoyarsk region having a substantial po-tential of development of power supply infrastruc-ture. Power consumption measurement is compli-cated due to territorial dispersion of metering de-vices and inability to control on the part of the staff of power distribution zone. The objective of this work was to reduce commercial losses in rural dis-tribution networks of 0.4 kV by means of introduc-tion of automated electricity metering system. The results of balance settlement conducted in public company Krasnoyarskenergo over a period of 2012–2015 formed the basis of commercial losses research. Losses research procedure was reported in on-line and potential computations of electrical power expected losses. The Construction of auto-mated electricity metering system is based on PLC-technology wherein the information on electric power consumption is transmitted across the wire of power transmission line at a speed of up to 500 Mbit/s. Structural flowchart of electrical power supply based on electric power metering hierarchy using single-phase and three phase meters like Mercury with integral power system data modem has been developed. Meters facilitate accumulation and storage of energy consumption data on a cu-mulative total and operation on a multirate mode. Mercury 225.11 concentrators performing data transfer and reception through a selected commu-nication channel are situated on the electric substa-tions 10/0,4кВ. Energy resources audit is based on the self-organizing automated electricity metering system using three-level scheme. The process of transmission of electrical power from customer is performed immediately at the boundary point that is in the upper part of nearest support outside the customer's house. Common metering device for the whole line is located in electrical substation. A plan of gradual introduction and installment of metering devices of automated electricity metering system in Solontsy, the town of Krasnoyarsk region is given. Introduction of automated electricity metering sys-tem in the town of Solontsy, Yemelianovsky district of has resulted in reducing commercial losses from 2012 to 2015 by 40 %.


This series provides a selection of articles from the past. In Fifty years ago: 'Occupational health: An employer's view' R. Viner briefly explores the need for healthier working conditions, such as reduced employee populations and proximity of medical facilities.


In this paper, we theoretically design a nanostructure combined bowtie nanoantenna with V-structured hole, which offers a way to increase the ability of the nanostructure to enhance the optical near field. This nanostructure is designed to both limit the incident light in the nanoscale and produce large near-field enhancement. In addition, we study the effect of the geometric parameters of the bowtie nanoantenna with V-structured hole on the enhancement. Such structure will be beneficial to the focusing and collimating capabilities of integrated lens antennas.


We have analyzed the size distribution of voids in 2D slices of the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS). The characteristic sizes show a scaling $D = D_0 + \nu\lambda$ with the mean galaxy separation $\lambda$. Comparison with mock samples of the LCRS in 2D and 3D, using various simulations, cosmologies and galaxy identification schemes, gives a similar scaling, but with steeper slope and a lack of large voids. Best results are obtained for dark matter halos in a $\Lambda$CDM model.


Short exposure 4 m prime focus plates taken with interference filters centered on blue continuum 4765 A, He II 4686 line, red continuum 6485 A, and H-alpha line have been used to study the light distribution within R136a. R136a contains a bright component and several fainter components superposed on an extended background. The brightest component, unresolved under sub-arcsec seeing condition, contributes about 37 percent of the total light from a 3 in. diameter aperture. Combining the optical and UV information, it is found that this brightest component R136a1 may be a single star with a mass of approximately 750 solar masses with a brightness of six HD 93129A or 20 O3 V stars, or it could be a cluster of such stars. In either case, R136a1 supplies no more than one-half of the ionization of the 30 Doradus nebula.


The working conditions at the modern productions of viniylchloride and polyvinylchloride have been studied. A chemical factor was found to be a principal unfavourable factor at the productions above. The assessment of air pollution in the working zone with chemical harmful substances has been given in the retrospective during 11 years. At present, despite the significant improvement of hygienic state based on the chemical factor, the working conditions for the employees were yet found to relate to the category of harmful ones to which the unfavorable microclimatic conditions and the intensive noise are known to contribute.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to traumatology and orthopaedics and is applicable for subchondral strained reinforcement. The first version: one end of at least two pins is inserted subchondrally through articular surface fragments above a bone defect up to its cortical layer. The mechanical strain is generated in the pin; an arched curve is formed at an outer end of each pin, whereas a free linear segment of the pin thereafter is inclined by 45-60 degrees to a long axis of the bone, and then pressed to the bone with a clamp element by means of screws. The second version: one end of each pin is brought until it comes out from the opposite side of the bone, and a support pad is formed thereon; each pin is pulled up to contact the support pad to the opposite cortical layer of the bone; the pin is pulled up by its outer end; that is ensured by forming the arched curve of the pin at the end of each pin opposite the support pad and fixing it by at least two loops around the axis of the pin rod; the arched curve is bent to the bone, whereas the free linear segment of the pin end is placed on the surface of the bone surface for fixation thereto. EFFECT: group of inventions enables preventing the secondary fragment displacement. 3 cl, 8 dwg


Triticum vulgare is a homeopathic remedy which was proven recently. This paper shows how it has been verified in practice, where it stands in the natural kingdom and in comparison to the other grasses of the materia medica, and in which way it is similar to some well-known polychrests in terms of comparative remedies.


The actual scientific problem is solved in the work, which consists in the development, theoretical and experimental researches of devices for self - starting of synchronous motors with compensation of inertia of excitation circuit. The aim of the work is to increase the reliability of the self-starting mode of synchronous motors of responsible mechanisms to maintain the continuity of complex technological processes. In the event of natural disasters and natural disasters, power outages can cause long-term disruptions of technological processes, large material losses, and in some cases fires and explosions, which can lead to human casualties and significant economic damage.
            Under these conditions, the mode of restarting synchronous motors must be used to power the responsible electric drives of mechanisms, such as mine fans, water pumping stations.
            To limit the dynamic loads, it is necessary to have the smallest possible value of e.r.s. stator SD in order to limit the switching current, which can be achieved by using various methods and means of extinguishing the field, increasing the time of introduction of automatic re-inclusion or automatic inclusion of the reserve. The calculated dependences of the self-starting modes of SD when extinguishing the magnetic field due to the inclusion of capacitive energy storage devices are obtained. The developed device for self-starting of SD with a capacity of 1000 kW of the drive unit of the pump unit with ENE was implemented at the pumping station of the Dnieper Metallurgical Plant. The efficiency of the developed device does not depend on the presence of voltage that supplies the excitation system in the self-starting mode. The use of ENE in the excitation circuit provides compensation for the inertia of the OZ and increase the input coin and intensive quenching of the magnetic field. The developed devices provide reliable self-starting of synchronous electric drives of mechanisms with continuous technological processes regardless of the presence of voltage in the power supply system of the exciter.


Freight traffic within the European Union has doubled between 1990 and 2000, and the boom of rail freight shows no abatement (Slack & Vogt, 2007, p. 399). However, this had no impact on the French rail freight market. Whereas Germany and the Netherlands profited from the increase of rail freight flows from major sea ports to the hinterland 1 , the transport performance on the 29,269 km (Eurostat, 2005) of French rail network has decreased by 20% since 1994 (Figure 1).


The paper attempts to analyze the impact of trade liberalization policy, in terms of FDI, on the level of informal competitive wage rate as well as on the size of the informal sectors of a developing economy with dualistic economic structure in a general equilibrium framework. The wage rate earned by the informal workers has been considered here as a proxy for their living standard. In this paper it is found that FDI raises the level of wage rate of the informal workers and consequently raises their standard of living. It is also found in this paper that FDI expands both formal and informal manufacturing sectors in the urban areas whereas it contracts the rural agricultural informal sector. In this structure an attempt has also been made to analyze the effects on the welfare level of the economy for a drive towards liberalization through FDI by assuming Sen (1974) type social welfare function which considers inequality in income distribution.


Abstract This poster is a review of oil spill tracking devices from 1970 until the present. Since the early 1970's devices for tracking oil spills have been made and tested. Very early in the oil spill technology, cardboard coupons, plywood pieces and similar devices were tried. Later more sophisticated devices were developed and commercialized. Some devices were equipped with radio transmitters and later satellite transmitters. A literature review shows that more than 25 devices were proposed and about 20 tested to some degree. Testing programs on many oil spill tracking devices were carried out. Testing using actual slicks was carried out in the 1970's and 1980's. These tests showed that two of the slick tracking devices followed oil very well. Some buoys tracked the oil slick only with large deviations and most devices were not found to be useful for tracking the oil. Some buoys or devices did not even follow the direction of the test slicks. Later testing showed that some surrogates such as cedar oil ...


The overall aim of this article is to present the results of evaluation research of the activities that have been developed and organised as part of the Respect Diversity-Football Unites project, which is a specific program of events developed in conjunction with UEFA as part of Euro 2012, held in Poland and Ukraine.


The syntheses of 5and 6-methyl-3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydroindenes (MTI) were investigated by the thermal codimerization of isoprene with cyclopentadiene. MTI were obtained along with other dimers and higher polymers. The content of MTI in dimers increased with anincrease in the reactiontemperature, exceeding 70% at 270°C. When the equi-molar mixture of isoprene and cyclopentadiene with solvent of equiamount to both reactants was treated in an autoclave at 270~290°C for 1hr, MTI were obtained in high


Regional level has been identified as the key institutional level for economic development policies. However, in Norway and Sweden regional economic development as a policy field is to a limited extent placed under the control of directly elected regional parliaments, whereas the most important instruments for stimulating regional economic development and innovation are controlled by national government and regional state offices. In this article we discuss the theoretical and normative arguments for centralizing or decentralizing instruments for enhancing regional economic development and the implications of the fact that strong instruments for enhancing regional economic development are controlled by national government in these countries.


The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between suborbifolds and orbifold embeddings. In particular, we give natural definitions of the notion of suborbifold and orbifold embedding and provide many examples. Surprisingly, we show that there are (topologically embedded) smooth suborbifolds which do not arise as the image of a smooth orbifold embedding. We are also able to characterize those suborbifolds which can arise as the images of orbifold embeddings. As an application, we show that a length-minimizing curve (a geodesic segment) in a Riemannian orbifold can always be realized as the image of an orbifold embedding.


Maskless patterning of sol-gel fabricated TiO2-Au nanocomposite films was attempted using a SHG sheet beam of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Direct and indirect (via. glass substrate) irradiation produced a regular stripe pattern of the films. Irradiated regions were observed with SEM and AFM, and the mechanism of film removal was discussed.


Back in early 1990's developed countries have started to use systematic stimulations of their economies technological development, which resulted in issuance of variety of national, regional and sectorial tailor made methodologies and approaches. Nevertheless, none of these are yet suitable for universal application on countries different national innovation ecosystems. This appears particularly evident and vague when the larger agglomeration of countries, such as the European Union, is in question. The uncertainty and inappropriateness get even more accentuated in case of supporting the articulated European strategy towards the digital economy, which is the creation of the Digital Single Market. To tackle this ambitious challenge a number scholars and practitioners are attempting to address this challenge through designing and implementations of various theories of national innovation models. One of them is the Mission-oriented Innovation model which is designed to generate, produce and catalyse positive impacts on nations' economies development and growth. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore a suitability of mission-oriented innovation model, as well as to evaluate whether it is appropriate to be efficiently applied in the case of Digital Single Market strategy. The results are showing that, although the mission-oriented innovation model use is effective in various cases, its practical implementation on Digital Single Market case may not represent the best choice


In this paper, I establish the relationship between human capital investment and economic development in Nigeria using a micro-data. Previous studies on Nigeria have exploited the macro data and findings are inconclusive. These studies proxy educational quality by enrolment in learning institutions. Instead, I used educational attainment which is a better measure of educational output. The results reveal that all the human capital indicators adopted in the study with the exception of primary school attainment positively drive economic development in Nigeria. The disconnection between economic development and primary education may be traced to the low skill acquired at this level. I observe that the positive link between secondary, tertiary, and economic development is weaker when compared to macro-studies which used enrolment rate rather than educational attainment. This suggests that these studies may have over-estimated the effect of human capital investment, particularly education on economic development in Nigeria. This finding could therefore redirect government policies towards focusing more on educational attainment as the outcome of educational input.


It is proved that the K_0-group of a cluster C*-algebra is isomorphic to the corresponding cluster algebra. As a corollary, one gets a shorter proof of the positivity conjecture for cluster algebras. As an example, we consider a cluster C*-algebra A(1,1) coming from triangulation of an annulus with one marked point on each boundary component.


For the physician who is not a pediatric cardiologist, ordinary transposition of the great arteries may seem mysterious enough, but "congenitally corrected transposition" is a "triple whammy" that perhaps means virtually nothing to anybody — except congenital heart buffs. So what is it? Briefly, congenitally corrected transposition refers to malformations of the ventricles and great arteries characterized by ventricular discordance with transposition of the great arteries. Ventricular discordance indicates that the ventricles do not correspond to the atria. In corrected transposition with situs solitus (normal locations) of the viscera and atria, the ventricles are inverted; with situs inversus of the . . .


This paper presents a finite-set model predictive control (MPC) scheme for optimizing the operation of five-level inverter with only four switches for photovoltaic applications. The classical control schemes for multi-level inverters in particular the optimal topology considered in this paper are complex, multi-nested loop, and requires substantial tuning effort. Thus, achieving an efficient control scheme for grid interactive inverters based on classical control framework are not feasible in straight forward manner. For instance, the trending requirement to provide advance functionalities by the inverters at the grid-edge such as switching seamlessly between grid-following and grid-forming modes of operation to support the grid requires next generation control schemes. The proposed efficient model-based predictive control schemes leverage the inherent features of the MPC to optimally determine the switching states of a five-level four-switch inverter to track the desired command and setpoint by a supervisory controller or grid operator. The proposed scheme optimally selects the number of output voltage levels based on dc-link voltage conditions to minimize the total harmonic distortion; this process is implemented by just optimizing a constrained cost function that considers all the feasible switching states by only four-switches. The case studies demonstrate high power quality without requirement of burdensome tuning effort which paves the way towards more intelligent inverters at the grid-edge. Furthermore, the proposed controller features fast dynamic response as it is depicted in the case studies.


The application of OMRON G9SP series safety controller in safety circuit control of hydraulic press has been introduced in the text.G9SP series safety controller is as the core element of the safe control circuit in hydraulic press.It has simple hardware connection and easy software programming with cost-effective and powerful communication advantages,which is convenient for safety function expansion and improves the safety coefficient.


SOON after the intensive search for the therapeutic action of cortisone anid ACTH had started a iiumlber of insvestigator s nioted that these hormones frequently produce(I a state of increased well-being which in cer-taini cases reached a degree of marked euphoria.1 ° 7 This suggested that a pathological iimood change in the dlirection of manic disturbaiices might be induced by a high concentration of adrenocortical hormones in the organism. A few cases of hypomanic or fully (leveloped inanic conditions were observed which either subsided spontaneously when the hoIrmoine was withdrawn or responded to electrocoinvulsive therapy.3 7 Out of this and certain ol)servations in Addison 's disease has arisen the assumption that an increased secretion of adr enocortical hormones will generally produce euphoric excitemnent. Anl obvious corollary arisinig from this working hypothesis would be that decrease


The lack of low‐loss and high‐efficiency nonreciprocal isolators has become one of the limitations in the development of terahertz (THz) application systems. This work demonstrates that the longitudinally magnetized InSb can achieve one‐way transmission for one photonic spin state but not for linear polarization (LP) state due to the chiral mirror‐symmetry of the two spin states. To solve this issue, a silicon microstructure is fabricated on the InSb substrate to form a magnetoplasmon/dielectric metasurface, where both the time‐reversal and mirror‐reversal symmetric transmission of the two spin states can be broken. In this device, the forward LP state is efficiently transformed into one of the spin states and output with low loss, but the backward wave is forbidden, which achieves the one‐way transmission for the LP incidence with over 30 dB isolation and only 1.7 dB insertion loss. When a THz polarizer is added behind the device to obtain the LP output, the isolation can reach 40 dB, significantly better than the previous reports. This study is significant to understand the nonreciprocal transmission and manipulation mechanism of THz spin states in the magnetized semiconductor and promotes the development of high‐performance THz isolators under the weak magnetic field.


To the Editor: —I am prompted to write because of the editorial on "Diet in Relation to the Teeth" (The Journal, Aug. 9, 1919, p. 425). It is true that the dental profession has gone daft on the subject of bacteria as a cause of disease in the mouth. The statement that "they [dentists] seem not to realize that the presence of bacteria in itself never causes disease: we have millions of bacteria in our intestines and still thrive. What harm do the micro-organisms do in the mouth?" is timely. If the dentists were more broadly educated, much time could be saved in the present methods of research. The "powers of resistance" have as much to do with diseases in the mouth as in other parts of the body—indeed, more so in regard to scurvy and kindred diseases of the jaws and alveolar processes, which is my purpose here to


In a study of the development of two oviparous species (domestic chicken and Japanese quail) and one ovoviviparous species (a common lizard), the relationship to alterations in egg size and weight during incubation was examined. It was observed, as reported by others that the avian egg diminishes in size during incubation, but that the lizard egg increases in size and weight. This investigation examines these relationships and suggests that the increase in the size and weight of the lizard egg is a result of an increase of liquid content. The mechanism is discussed.


INTRODUCTION Often administrators overlook the student voice in developing strategic plans, mission and vision statements, marketing strategies, student services, and extracurricular programming. Engaging students in these areas may enhance students' cooperation, interactions, responsibility, and expectations. In order to assess honors students' perspectives and experiences, the present study, rooted in a phenomenological approach, conducted three focus groups of traditional honors students, senior honors students, and honors college ambassadors. Students described their honors experience in three contexts: connectedness, community, and opportunity. This study informed a new vision and a new set of goals for the University of Southern Mississippi Honors College, and it might serve as a model for other honors colleges and programs. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE Founded in 1910, the University of Southern Mississippi (USM) is a public, mid-sized, research university located in the central Gulf South, with campuses in Hattiesburg and Long Beach, Mississippi. In the fall 2015 semester, the university enrolled nearly 15,000 students in more than 140 undergraduate and 200 graduate programs with approximately 1,000 academic staff members. USM first offered honors classes in 1965, and by 1976 the honors program had developed into a full-fledged honors college. This evolution was an indication of the university's increasing commitment to honors programming as an institutional priority and underscored the role and influence of the USM Honors College, among other colleges within the university, in shaping the academic mission of the institution. The present study generated data related to student perspectives on the experiences associated with being an honors college student at USM. Such data are useful to a variety of stakeholders, including the dean, staff, and faculty affiliated with the USM Honors College as well as institutional administrators and both current and future honors college students. This knowledge of student perspectives may inform the college's strategic planning processes and the alignment between its mission and marketing. Additionally, the findings of the study may influence honors college programming, student services, and planned activities in order to meet the needs of students more effectively. Such realignment may contribute to increased retention and recruitment efforts. The willingness of the USM Honors College administrators, staff, and students to initiate and participate in this self-assessment demonstrates a commitment to program quality and greater student engagement. These dynamics enhance student success among honors college students and contribute to the campus-wide academic community. In addition to revealing unknown or unanticipated areas for future assessment and evaluation, the study demonstrates the effective use of student perspectives in mission realignment and rebranding at USM and quite possibly at other universities as well. FRAMEWORK The pursuit of improved undergraduate education has remained the focus of extensive discussion, research, and strategic planning for institutions and systems of higher education for decades. In the 1980s, Chickering and Gamson proposed principles for good practice in the education of undergraduates; they argued that, when applied consistently, these guiding principles lead to enhanced cooperation, diversity, interaction, responsibility, activity, and expectations among undergraduate students. The pursuit of such outcomes serves as a significant motivation for self-study, program evaluation, strategic planning, and mission realignment designed to improve recruitment, retention, and student success initiatives. As student success and retention become increasingly relevant as topics of discussion in the ethos of American higher education, so does the need for effective program assessment and evaluation. …


The ARM Project Council, scheduled to meet twice annually, is a forum for contact and information-sharing between the ARM Project and its main funder, Karmøy Municipality. The Council's role is to ensure that the project is conducted within contract and budget, making no decisions regarding the project itself. Council members are appointed by University of Oslo (UiO, up to 6 members) and Karmøy Municipality (KM, up to 6 members).


Safety of information are very importance about network,network safety seclusion adapter,as a safety tech- nic that economic and availability,this article introduce experience of installation and useful TIPTOP 802B network safety seclusion.


Preservation of ancient historical documents is essential and need of the hour. Since the inscriptions reveal the information regarding the civilized past, the deciphering of such inscriptions will be very vital. The poor visibility and noise are also some of the facts, which are leading to problems in deciphering of these inscriptions. Hence this addresses the requirement of thorough preprocessing of the images of the documents before the actual recognition is taken up. Hence in this paper a simple and effective technique has been proposed to enhance the document image. The proposed method combines the application of spatial filters and Singular value Decomposition and adaptive Thresholding techniques to enhance the given image.


This paper investigates AI-based interactive music design and proposes a new music learning mode. It aids in the development of students' inquiry skills and allows teachers to take the lead. At the same time, this paper systematically introduces the status of DL theory's application in music teaching evaluation and uses DL theory to develop a mathematical model for an AI music teaching evaluation system. The construction method of an AI music teaching evaluation model based on DL is detailed in this paper. The model can assess the quality of AI music teaching after the network has been trained. The designed instructional quality evaluation NN is trained and measured in this paper to verify the model's performance. The experimental results show that this model has a prediction accuracy of 94.79 percent, which is approximately 8.52 percent higher than the traditional methods. It has some practicality and feasibility, and it can serve as a useful benchmark for the development of various instructional quality evaluation systems.


Teaching a field experience course during a pandemic resulted in unique challenges because preservice teachers could not visit classrooms like they would in a traditional field experience. This article is a self-study exploration of the tensions experienced by a doctoral student teaching an elementary math and science field experience in a fully online setting during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. To substitute for a lack of available elementary school children, preservice teacher acted as substitutes for children during lesson rehearsals. Preservice teachers were usually poor substitutes for actual children when evaluating the extent to which the pandemic field experience mimicked traditional field experience. Instructional videos were frequently used in an attempt to provide meaningful opportunities for preservice teachers to engage in classroom practices. The perceived usefulness of instructional videos by preservice videos varied based on the type of video that was used.


With the rapid development of computer network technology,network is being used more and more widely in industries and organizations.Network brings more convenience and higher efficiency to work as well as safety problems.It is a task requiring our efforts to solve existing network safety problems in an information society with information sharing and access control.This paper describes some serious threats that our country is faced in current network information safety,then it analyzes the main factors putting network information safety at risk,and finally suggests specific measures for building of network information safety defense line.


Land-use-change drivers related to institutional dynamics, including historical path dependencies and political dynamics associated with urban land transformation, are difficult to relate to specific spatial locations and thus are not easily included in spatial models of urban land-use change. In this paper we describe a land-use model with variables representing such institutional dynamics in the Greater Boston region, a metropolitan area characterized by periurban sprawl, for the period 1985–99. An aggregate land-use model is developed at the municipal level, based on a narrative analysis drawn from in-depth interviews with town planners, state officials, and land developers, to explain land-development patterns documented over that study period using aerial photography. Explanatory variables, including town financial variables, school quality measures, and spatial variables associated with access and location, are linked to land-change outcomes through the selection environment framework, a framework borrowed from economic geography to describe how regional growth patterns are shaped by locally specific institutional, market, and spatial contexts that constrain individual land-use decision makers. Results of the analysis suggest that institutional dynamics associated with housing values and associated tax revenues, educational expenditures, and exclusive zoning practices significantly explain municipal land-use change in the suburban or periurban context.


The GPR and high-density resistivity method were used to investigate the three leakage points occurring at the same altitude on the back slope of a reservoir dam by setting of three longitudinal measuring lines on the top of the dam.The result shows that the loose structure of the dam body mainly characterized by the horizontal loose layers is the cause of formation of the leakage points.Meanwhile,the distribution and characteristics of the loose belts were identified.The detection result was in good agreement with the reality, and it was also verified in excavation.


Background: It is common that the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies with geography and ethnicity. Recent studies show a continuous growth of incidence and prevalence in Sicily, despite the controversial "latitude gradient theory." Objectives: The aim of our study is to ascertain incidence and prevalence rates of MS in the city of Biancavilla, Sicily, Southern Italy. Method: Case ascertainment approach and a clinical database collecting data of MS cases to Biancavilla, according to McDonald 2011 and Thompson 2018 criteria, from 1992 to 2018, have been used to the study. We further collected information regarding the familiarity of patients with Mesothelioma, highly incident in this geographic area. Results: The results showed an increase of the mean annual incidence for the period 2012–2018 (16.8/100,000) compared to 1992–1996 (4.5/100,000), and a standardized incidence ratio of 1.41 (95% CI 0.74–2.45). On December 31, 2018, 70 patients suffering from definite MS and living in Biancavilla yielded a crude prevalence of 292.3 per 100,000 (198.2/100,000 for men; 380.7/100,000 for women) with a standardized morbidity ratio of 2.3 (95% CI 1.8–2.9). Conclusions: Our data confirmed Biancavilla is an area at high risk for MS, ascribable to increased survival, improved ascertainment, or maybe related to a genetic or environmental risk. At the time, any relation with mesothelioma was excluded.


anaesthetic, in the absence of control data. We can perhaps add to this discussion however by citing one multicentre series where similar operative techniques were used in cases of recurrent stress urinary incontinence, although the bladder perforation rate was 0% in the one centre using local anaesthesia, and 30% in two centres using spinal or general anaesthesia. While individual case reports, case series, and large registries play an important role in the recognition of adverse events associated with surgical procedures and implants, a causative (or protective) relationship cannot be established in the absence of a large randomised controlled trial or meta-analysis of RCT data. The only randomised studies of different anaesthetic techniques (therefore randomising patients also to hydrodissection or not) for midurethral tapes reported to date have either not included discussion of bladder perforation, or have found no difference in perforation rate between anaesthetic techniques. With good surgical and anaesthetic technique the risk of bladder perforation can indeed be very low, as Mr Smith points out; even where it occurs, provided it is recognised and corrected, the long-term implications of such injury appear to be minimal. We would emphasise however, that the aim of our study was to highlight the risk of urethral, and not bladder injury, to point out that this occurs with equal frequency with both transobturator foramen and retropubic approaches to tape insertion, and to demonstrate that this is a complication which may have devastating long-term consequences. This correspondence does raise the important general issue of the introduction of new medical devices into clinical practice on the basis of limited and immature data. While this concern is in no way restricted to our specialty, the explosion in implants for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse has become something of an exemplar. The disparity between the regulatory controls over new drugs and those concerning new medical devices has been repeatedly emphasised. The ability to introduce a new device into the European market on the basis of a CE mark alone, or into the US market on the basis of safety and efficacy data from a 'substantially equivalent' predicate device can surely no longer be accepted. The issue has been raised with the new White House administration, although the control of industry over political leadership is strong, and rapid changes are not envisaged. Meantime, our patients are wholly dependent on their clinicians for their safe and effective management; it is only the integrity of their clinicians that can drive the political and legislative changes required.


Laser Eye Protection (LEP) devices selectively alter the spectral environment and affect the ability to identify and discriminate color. Pilots and mariners must wear LEP for their safety and still make decisions based on colored lights and objects. These abilities can be compromised with LEP. Determining the level of degradation caused by LEP remains challenging; LEP devices are not uniform in construction and results from laboratory tests may be poor indicators of actual user performance. In addition, performance deficits in the maritime and aviation environment can be exacerbated by cognitive distracters. However there is little known about the interaction of attentional effects with color performance deficits from the use of LEP. Several different mathematical models of color vision were utilized to model and predict color vision performance. Spectral reflectance or transmission was measured and placed into equations utilizing color matching functions of the standard observer. These values were then translated into different color spaces. These results were compared with actual performance. Results for modeling indicate that models that take into account color zone shifts, rather than color shifts are more accurate, and that models cannot yet account for all aspects of color vision performance such as when cognitively distracted.


N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are fatty acid derivatives in plants that negatively influence seedling growth. N-Lauroylethanolamine (NAE 12:0), one type of NAE, inhibits root length, increases radial swelling of root tips and reduces root hair numbers in a dose dependent manner in Arabidopis thaliana L. (ecotype Columbia). A forward genetics approach was employed by screening a population of T-DNA "activation-tagged" developed by the Salk Institute lines for NAE resistance to identify potential genes involved in NAE signaling events in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (ecotype Columbia). Seeds of the activation tagged lines were grown at 0, 25, 30, 50, 75 and 100 µM N-lauroylethanolamime (NAE 12:0). Ten plants which displayed NAE tolerance (NRA) seedling phenotypes, compared with wildtype (Columbia, Col-0) seedlings were identified. I focused on one mutant line, identified as NRA 25, where the tolerance to NAE 12:0 appears to be mediated by a single dominant, nuclear gene. Thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR identified the location of the T-DNA insert as 3.86 kbp upstream of the locus At1g68510. Quantitative PCR indicated that the transcript level corresponding to At1g68510 is upregulated approximately 20 fold in the mutant relative to wildtype. To determine whether the NAE tolerance in NRA 25 is associated with overexpression of At1g68510 I created overexpressing lines of At1g68510 with and without GFP fusions behind the 2X35S CaMV promoter. As predicted, results with overexpressing lines of At1g68510 also exhibited enhanced resistance to NAE when compared with the wildtype. Confocal images of the fusion proteins suggest that GFP-At1g68510 is concentrated in the nucleus and this was confirmed by counterstaining with 4', 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI). Futhermore, At1g68510 overexpressing lines and NRA 25 line also exhibited tolerance to abscisic acid (ABA) during seedling germination. The findings suggests that At1g68510 overexpression mediates seedling tolerance to both ABA and NAE, a mechanism independent of fatty acid amide hydrolase in which its overexpression leads to NAE resistance but hypersensitivity to ABA. The next steps are to identify the association of At1g68510 with specific genomic regions or interacting proteins that may be additional components of NAE signaling in plants.


In this paper, we present recent work from our group focussed on the fabrication of nanopore and nanotube arrays using self-ordered electrochemistry, and their application in several key areas including template synthesis, molecular separation, optical sensing, and drug delivery. We have fabricated nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) with controlled pore dimensions (20–200 nm) and shapes, and used them as templates for the preparation of gold nanorod/nanotube arrays and gold nanotube membranes with characteristic properties such as surface enhanced Raman scattering and selective molecular transport. The application of AAO nanopores as a sensing platform for reflective interferometric detection is demonstrated. Finally, a drug release study on fabricated titania nanotubes confirms their potential for implantable drug delivery applications.


All software systems are subject to evolution, independently by the developing technique. Aspect oriented software in addition to separate the different concerns during the software development, must be "not fragile" against software evolution. Otherwise, the benefit of disentangling the code will be burred by the extra complication in maintaining the code. To obtain this goal, the aspect-oriented languages/tools must evolve, they have to be less coupled to the base program. In the last years, a few attempts have been proposed, the Blueprint is our proposal based on behavioral patterns. In this paper we test the robustness of the Blueprint aspect-oriented language against software evolution.


Motivation is an important factor in learning English. Students who have motivation will give more attention to learning. This research was to find out the students' motivation toward reading skills. Data were obtained by questionnaire and test. The writer distributes the questionnaire to 60 students in the 10th grade of SMK NUSANTARA Beber-Cirebon. Instruments of validity and reliability are carried out by SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The writer made a hypothesis to answer the research problem. This research revealed that the tobservedis more than ttable (11.806> 2.00172).The probability value (p) is also less than 0.05 (p= 0.000 < 0.05). It can be proved with the result of the hypothesis testing, which is tobserved is more than ttable. The probability value (p) is also fewer than0.05 (p= 0.000 < 0.05). The finding of this research helps the English teacher of SMK NUSANTARA Beber-Cirebon to decide on the right teaching strategies to teach English. Therefore, it can maintain students' motivation and improve students' reading skills and achievement in learning English


Occupational Health physicians coexist in a work environment where they perform activities other than the ones developed by other doctors. Hence, there is interest in analyzing the theoretical construction of their job satisfaction. Inductive and qualitative study was conducted based on grounded theory and with the support of the software Atlas-ti. As a result of carrying out in-depth interviews and through the open, axial and selective coding process, 12 categories and five dimensions were integrated. They shaped the final definition of job satisfaction of these professionals. The conclusions showed that they are currently satisfied, although they were not satisfied at the beginning of their work life.


The aim of the ERAMIS project is to set up a network of Master's degree "Informatics as a Second Competence" among 9 beneficiary universities of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, and 5 European universities. This contribution presents how this network is implemented. Keywords-Master's degree; Computer Science; Second Competence; Faculty Development; International Masters Network; Double Diploma Introduction Nowadays, organizations and enterprises demand more and more qualified employees able to apply correctly and usefully the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Specialists from all sectors need and must have additional ICT competences. Therefore, education systems all around the world must respond to this current demand. The modernization of higher education systems and their corresponding syllabuses, particularly by creating particular training to apply computer science to other disciplines, is essential to meet present professional needs. During the last years, Russian, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz higher education systems have been reformed and are progressively evolving within the context of Bologna Process (European Higher Education Area), towards a common higher education framework. The opening of Russian, Kazakh and Kyrgyz universities has been encouraged by many international projects, notably European ones. I. THE ERAMIS TEMPUS PROJECT


Abstract Experimental solubility, acid-dissociation constants (pKa) and activity coefficient data have been compiled from the published pharmaceutical and chemical literature for neutral organic molecules and ionic species dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-propylene glycol. The compiled experimental data were transformed into molar solubility ratios, water-to-anhydrous propylene glycol (P) and gas-to-anhydrous propylene glycol (K) using standard thermodynamic relationships. The derived Abraham model correlations described the observed solubility and partition coefficient data of neutral organic compounds and ionic species to within 0.18 log units and 0.18 log units (or less), respectively.


Scattered radiation is a major contributor to reduced image quality in diagnostic radiography. Anti-scatter grids, when properly aligned, provide an effective means for reducing scatter [1-6]. The preferential transmission of primary versus scattered X-rays improves the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Figure 1 shows a pair of portable chest images captured of an ICU patient with and without grids and under the same exposure conditions. Comparing the two images, the contrast improvement with grids is significant.


This study aims to examine the effect of Task Technology Fit (TTF) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) on student attitudes in learning supported by Vinesa during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic demands various changes and innovations in the field of education and the implementation of the adaptive learning process continues to run well. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the world of education, especially universities, to change the learning process model from face-to-face learning in the classroom to online learning or distance learning. Vinesa is one of the applications used by the State University of Surabaya to support and manage online learning so that the teaching and learning process can still function properly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The sample size is 281 respondents from the Office Administration Education Study Program consisting of students in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 at the State University of Surabaya. The results of this study indicate that task-technology fit (TTF) is an important role that influences students' attitudes towards online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Assignment technology suitability is considered when students try to use Vinesa to complete assignments. This study also proved that students responded with positive perceptions about task-technology suitability and had positive perceptions about ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and behavioral intentions (BI) towards the use of Vinesa.


This study aimed to find methodologies of translation and interpretation of The Message of the Qur`ān and the contribution of The Message of the Qur`ān to the development of the study of the Qur`ān. This study is library research with the inferential-descriptive method using historical, linguistic, and philosophical approaches. The primary data of this research is the translation and interpretation of the Qur`ān in The Message of the Qur`ān. The study shows that the type of translation of the book is tafsiriyyah translation with grouping some verses based on the small themes in the surah (munasabah). Asad interpreted the Qur`ān using the sequence of surah (tartib mushafi), with the analytical method (tahlili) and the style of adabi ijtima'i. The sources of his interpretation include the Qur`ān itself, the Hadis, the interpretation from the earlier scholars, asbab al-nuzul, sirah, dictionaries both Arabic and English, Bible, and the contemporary scientific theories. Through his work, Asad not only presented the translation with a strong linguistic study, but also enlivened the study on the Qur`ān studies, such as muhkam-mutasyabih, nasikh-mansukh, and the stories in the Qur`ān. The Message of the Qur'an has been written in the contemporary method and become one of the comprehensive English translations of the Qur`ān for Muslims today.


INSERTS: TEN OF THE WORST BEAR DENS. -- TELL-TALE SIGNS OF UNMARKED POLICE CARS. -- THINKING LIKE A TROOPER : FACTORS IN SETTING UP A RADAR AMBUSH


ing from terms-of-trade considerations, the economic case for employing measures of contingent protection rests on the emergence of market failures, such as negative external effects (externalities) or imperfect competition. Alternatively, political economy arguments may explain a willingness to contemplate an agreement that allows for the suspension of


This research is based on systematic self assesss based on quality monitoring system in schools is new and very rarely done systematically, it can be seen in educational institutions such as schools, in general schools have no assessment of school performance / madrasah as a whole. The research method used is the method with quantitative approach, while the data collection technique used is through the method of observation, interview and data processing with CalculationUsingSPSSVersion22. After doing research in the field and analyzed by supporting theories, it shows that In General MTs Muhammadiyah Sontang still have opportunity for improvement especially in giving response to learning and integration in process criteria, and for the result criteria only show very little comparison and integration reported by MTs Muhammadiyah Sontang. The value of points obtained by MTs Muhammadiyah Sontang is 285.25 points of the total value of 1000 are in the classification of poorly and included in the early result. It is therefore recommended that the School should create an application document that can be used as a guide in determining scores and improving school performance on an ongoing basis in accordance with Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence. This research can be continued by integrating Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence with 8 (eight) accreditation criteria in order to achieve better performance. Assessment of a school is subjective, so that the next assessment should be done in groups, so that the consensus from the results of research so that the results of research become more valid.


The objective of these studies is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing specific gas products by catalytic gasification of biomass. Catalyst performance is a key factor in the feasibility of catalytic gasification processes. The results of studies designed to gain a fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanisms and causes of deactivation, and discussion of the state-of-the-art of related catalytic processes are presented. Experiments with primary and secondary catalysts were conducted in a 5-cm-diameter, continuous-wood-feed, fixed-catalyst-bed reactor. The primary catalysts used in the experiments were alkali carbonates mixed with the biomass feed; the secondary catalysts included nickel or other transition metals on supports such as alumina, silica, or silica-alumina. The primary catalysts were found to influence wood pyrolysis as well as the char/steam reaction. Secondary catalysts were used in a fixed-bed configuration to direct gas phase reactions. Results of the performance of these catalysts are presented. Secondary catalysts were found to be highly effective for conversion of biomass to specific gas products: synthesis gases and methane-rich gas. With an active catalyst, equilibrium gas composition are obtained, and all liquid pyrolysis products are converted to gases. The major cause of catalyst deactivation was carbon deposition, or coking. Loss of surfacemore » area by sintering was also inportant. Catalyst deactivation by sulfur poisoning was observed when bagasse was used as the feedstock for catalytic gasification. Mechanisms of catalyst activity and deactivation are discussed. Model compounds (methane, ethylene, and phenol) were used to determine coking behavior of catalysts. Carbon deposition is more prevalent with ethylene and phenol than with methane. Catalyst formulations that are resistant to carbon deposition are presented. 60 references, 10 figures, 21 tables.« less


AS IS the case with other law faculties in South Africa, the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria radically had to rethink its undergraduate curriculum after the legislature introduced a 4-year, undergraduate LLB degree in 1998. As a consequence, not only was the LLB curriculum redesigned, but Legal Skills was introduced as a compulsory subject for first-year law students. The introduction of Legal Skills was a response to the sense that existent language courses do not meet the specific language needs of law students. In the past the University of Pretoria, like many other South African universities, required students of law to study one or more language-based course. However, traditionally, these were heavily weighted towards the elucidation of literary texts and provided the minimum of language study. As South African and overseas researchers have indicated, traditional literature and language courses do not equip law students for the real language demands in their student and professional lives; students seldom manage to "carry over" skills that they may acquire in one subject (in this case literature) to another subject (law). Gass demonstrates that an input becomes useful to a learner in respect of the restructuring of her grammar, only if it is first "noticed." Law students often declared their boredom with literature courses, seeing them as being irrelevant in the context of thenstudies and in relation to their future career. Whatever they may learn they do not "notice," with the result that knowledge and skills are not transferred to their legal studies.


This paper presents a fast demodulation algorithm to determine fiber Bragg grating (FBG) from spectra acquired by low wavelength resolution spectrometers. A modified and improved Buneman frequency estimation algorithm is employed in tracking FBG wavelength and eliminating FBG wavelength discontinuities in real-time wavelength demodulation calculations. The FBG demodulation algorithm was tested using a 512-element detector array spectrometer with a 156 pm/element resolution. At a 2-kHz spectrum acquisition rate, the demodulation algorithm achieved a 0.048 pm Bragg wavelength resolution. The computational efficiency and robustness of the new algorithm was compared with a Gaussian FBG peak fitting method. Our method provides a real-time demodulation scheme to track FBG wavelength using low-resolution spectrometers or tunable lasers. It has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of FBG interrogation systems that are employed in high-sensitivity and high-speed sensing applications.


Summary: Content and quality of home care - perceptions of the elderly, their relatives and home care staff. The follow-up study in Kuopio


Abstract Heterodera glycines eggs were exposed to low temperature (5°C) in the dark for various periods, and the effects of these treatments on hatching at 27°C were assessed. Low-temperature treatments caused a significant decrease in total percent egg hatch relative to untreated controls, but did not affect either the timing of egg hatch or the qualitative aspects of the hatch curve. Hatch curves comprised 3 distinct phases: hatch initiation (I), linear increase (II), and hatch rate decline (III). Hatch rates for all treatments were greatest during the first 12 d following hatch assay initiation, and rate decline occurred by day 14 regardless of treatment. Egg viability tests based upon vital staining demonstrated that refrigeration did not affect mortality, and monitoring progeny eggs obtained from plants inoculated with refrigerated eggs did not reveal any effect on hatching. Total percent hatch was directly dependent upon phase II linear increase rate. Depression of hatch by low temperature was not reversed when eggs were returned to 27°C. Results suggest that 1 or more developmental events were arrested, and that a diapause was induced.


This study aims to determine and evaluate the level of noise in the southern area of Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) Kampus Air Tawar conducted at 23 points of measurement with 16 outside outdoor points and 7 indoor measurement points. Method of measurement under regulation of Indonesian government, KepMenLH Regulation no. 48 thn 1996 which regulate the noise level standard by using SLM (Sound Level Meter). The highest outdoor noise level occurs in front of GOR UNP (S16) at the time of L3 which is 80,91 dBA, while the highest indoor noise level when there was activity as well as no activity in the room was happened in lecture hall FBSS UNP (S7-interior) with value equal to 83, 99 dBA and 64.65 dBA. All points of a total of 16 outdoor and 7 indoor measurement points exceed the standard noise level threshold which is 55 dBA (+3 dB tolerance). However, from the questionnaire results most respondents just feel slightly disturbed by outdoor noise in the study area. The noise control that can be done such as cultivate number of natural vegetation such as heliconia sp , tea, acacia tree and pringgodani bamboo, also the installation of continuous wall from type of clear fiber that serves as building noise absorbers.


 Transparent soils are developed as a physical modelling of macroscopic soil behaviors in geotechnical engineering aspect. Transparent surrogates with its index-matching fluid, called as transparent porous media or transparent soils, have been used for simulating geotechnical properties of natural soils. Visualization technique itself have been applied to microscopic level of soil deformation and soil flow problems such as X-ray, Computerized Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) cameras by very expensive apparatuses with highly operating skills. Geotechnical researches need rather understanding of macroscopic scale of larger test models with inexpensive experimental industrial substances. Transparent soils have been developed to achieve these needs with easy handling performance.
 The authors demonstrated a pumping test in a glass tank of 30mm width by 80mm length by 70mm height filled with transparent hydrated superabsorbent polymer to represent aquitard (clay layer) over aquifer (saturated silica sand). The subsidence within the synthetic clay layer due to pumping of pore water from silica sand was constantly monitored by target racking method using four 8mm-diameter particles immersed in the synthetic clay layer. The test successfully visualized deformation due to vertical propagation of pore water pressure during subsidence event within the transparent synthetic clay layer. It was also found that this experiment result and the results from three-dimensional numerical simulation of poroelastic deformation were consistent with each other.


Egg laying and longevity of individual female grain weevils kept with males throughout life has been compared with those isolated after an initial period of pairing. There was no difference in longevity or egg‐laying at 25° but the rate of egg‐laying was reduced while longevity was increased in paired females at 20°. Egg‐laying by isolated females at 20° fell off rapidly.


Comparison of crystallized MHC class II⋅peptide complexes has revealed that, in addition to pocket interactions involving the peptide side chains, peptide binding to MHC class II molecules is characterized by a series of hydrogen bonds between genetically conserved amino acid residues in the class II molecule and the main chain of the peptide. Many class II⋅peptide structures have two sets of symmetrical hydrogen bonds at the opposite ends of the class II antigen-binding groove (β-His-81, β-Asn-82 vs. α-His-68, α-Asn-69). In this study, we alter these peripheral hydrogen bonds and measure the apparent contribution of each to the kinetic stability of peptide⋅class II complexes. Single conservative amino substitutions were made in the I-Ad protein to eliminate participation as a hydrogen bonding residue, and the kinetic stability of a diverse set of peptides bound to the substituted I-Ad proteins was measured. Although each hydrogen bond does contribute to peptide binding, our results point to the striking conclusion that those hydrogen bonds localized to the amino terminus of the peptide contribute profoundly and disproportionately to the stability of peptide interactions with I-Ad. We suggest that the peripheral hydrogen bonds at the amino terminus of the bound peptide that are conserved in all class II⋅peptide crystal structures solved thus far form a cooperative network that critically regulates peptide dissociation from the class II molecule.


Segmentation is the process of dividing the binary image into useful regions according to certain conditions. It is the most important phase in any optical character recognition (OCR) system and its accuracy affects significantly the recognition rate of that system. In cursive nature languages such as Arabic, the segmentation procedure is complicated especially in handwritten documents because writers' styles differs as well as the special cases of characters overlapping and ligatures. Hence, the design of the segmentation algorithms must be based on general descriptors that most writers follow. In this paper, a segmentation algorithm for Arabic handwriting has been developed. The main idea of the algorithm is to divide the selected image into lines and sub-words. Then, for each subword, the contour of each sub-word is traced. After that, the algorithm detects the exact points where the contour changes its state from a horizontal line to another state of vertical or curved line. Finally, the coordinates of these points are considered as the segmentation points. The algorithm was tested over the IFN/ENIT database words. Over 537 tested words containing 3222 character; the algorithm achieved 89.4% of correct character segmentation points.


The time of arrival at an arbitrary position in configuration space can be given as a function of the phase space variables for the Liouville i ntegrable systems of classical mechanics, but only for them. We review the Jacobi-Lie transformation that explicitly implements this function of positions and momenta. We then discuss the recently developed quantum formalism for the time of arrival. We first analyze the case of free particles in one and three space dimensions. Then, we apply the quantum version of the Jacobi-Lie transformation to work out the time of arrival operator in the presence of interactions. We disc uss the formalism and its interpretation. We finish by disclosing the presence (absen ce) of "instantaneous" tunneling for thin (thick) barriers.


• Treatment of leg ulcers is often inadequate, with delayed diagnosis, overuse of antibiotics, and insufficient or inadequate use of compression therapy.


ABSTRACT THE laminated columns tested in this study were manufactured with treated lumber spliced to untreated lumber with 16 gauge splice type truss plates and pneumatically driven nails having the approximate size and diameter of a 12 penny common wire nail. Two configurations and two lumber grades were studied. The lumber grades of the treated as well as untreated lumber were No. 2 KD Southern Pine and No. 2 KD Dense Southern Pine. The post configurations were a 2x4-2x6-2x4 combination intended to replace a solid-sawn 4x6 and a 2x6-2x8-2x6 combination intended to replace a solid-sawn 6x6. The nail laminated columns of this study rated well when compared to the allowable stress of a No.2 SR Southern Pine post which has an allowable bending stress value of 7584 kPa (1100 psi)


Alpine bluegrass (Poa alpina L.) is common in mountain areas, where it represents a valuable forage resource and is widely used for ecological restoration of disturbed landscapes. This study assessed the variation of germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy. Both seed production and morphology were examined for potential use in restoration projects and for conservation and selection purposes of local genetic resources. The effects of the ex situ growing site were also assessed in two altitude-contrasting sites. Individual populations harboured great phenotypic diversity for all traits, including seed yield, while variation among valleys of origin was less manifest. Noticeable site-specific population yield responses were observed, suggesting that the environment adopted for seed production may steer the choice of materials to be multiplied. The longer vegetative period in the lowland site, combined with environment-tailored agronomic practices, contributed to better plant growth, seed yield and survival compared to the mountain site, suggesting that seed production of this Alpine species could be feasible in a lowland environment when adequate inputs were provided. One valley (Valchiavenna) displayed high average levels of seed yield and plant vigour across growing sites, indicating its possible value as a source of germplasm suitable for resowing at high altitude.


Aim To improve the synthesis of clarithromycin.Methods Identify a side-product of methylation and investigate the influence of the reaction condition on it.Results The side-product is E-2′-O-trimethylsilyl-6-O-methylerythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl)oxime(1).Higher temperature,longer reaction time,the addition of triethylamine,and an excessive deproton reagent will lead to the increase of 1,whereas the order of adding methylating reagents followed by deproton reagents,an excessive methylating reagent, the mixture of THF/DMSO and toluene/DMSO are detrimental to the production of 1.Conclusion By optimizing the reaction condition,the yield of the methylation was 100.2% with 0.76% of 1.


The aeolid nudibranch Godiva quadricolor (Barnard, 1927), previously recorded as introduced into southern Western Australia (i.e., the Fremantle-Cockburn Sound area) and now probably naturalised there, is herein recorded from southern Queensland (i.e., Pumicestone Passage, immediately north of the Port of Brisbane), where a breeding population is presently established. The most likely source of both introductions is shipping. Godiva quadricolor originally extended naturally through (tropical) eastern and (temperate) south-eastern Africa, so its further spread around the Australian continent seems inevitable. This paper records the characters important for recognition of this species, corrects the author 's earlier account of the morphology of the rhinophores, and describes intraspecific variation, particularly that relating to coloration o f the head and cerata. Godiva rachaelae Rudman, 1980 is formally synonymised with G quadricolor. Godiva quadricolor is now recorded as introduced in southern Western Australia, eastern Australia (herein), north-western Africa and the Mediterranean Sea, but it has never occurred naturally in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.


The western region of China is the key area that water resources and hydropower will be development in recent years. As a minority inhabit district,the vast majority of the population of the national minorities live in the region. Because of the construction of engineering project,lots of production and living materials have been occupied,such as land and houses. Many minorities residents need to be resettlement. However,in the process of resettlement,many migrates will face with a variety of problems,even fall into the weak situation. We need to take some measures to deal with the problems. National social work is an effective professional method. Its professional work methods can help us diagnose the vulnerable groups of involuntary resettlement facing with economic,political,cultural,social and psychological problems. The basic ideas endow superior work object consciousness,value consciousness and professional goal consciousness to the work on the assistance of vulnerable groups. Its individual,group and structure systems contain much effective strategies that the can intervene in the vulnerable group of involuntary resettlement.


In this study, an ORC plant is considered that recovers the heat source from 1800 cc Diesel Engine exhaust gases. The power recovered by the ORC system could be used, as an auxiliary system, to provide energy to the electronic parts of the car. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of allocating this ORC plant into a vehicle and in the design of the condenser, with the purpose of reaching the best configurations that lead to low-pressure drop and compact dimensions. The Organic Rankine Cycle converts thermal energy from low-grade heat sources into electricity. The thermodynamic cycles to produce 5 kW were simulated using a custom software application. The basic cycle was chosen to guarantee the most compact configurations. The selected thermodynamic parameters are based on the need to cope with atmospheric conditions. The working fluid chosen is R245fa, due to its thermodynamic characteristics. Since the electrical part would be partially satisfied by this system, the entire power of the thermal engine would be dedicated to mechanical use. It could also be assumed that, as a consequence of the settings of this plant, a reduction in fuel consumption could be expected, which, although at a percentage that cannot be theoretically evaluated at the moment, is nevertheless predictable. In this first stage of the evaluation, the condenser design is presented and analyzed.


Using the method of histological routine,histological structure of 37-99 day-old ovine fetal ovaries were studied.When the sheep embryo is 37 days old,it can be distinguished female or male from external appearance.About 37-51 d,the quantity of oogonia grows rapidly and the synplasma-like oogonia can be found in this stage.About 55-76 d,much of the syncytium-like cell group is found in the ovary.The un-typical primordial follicle is found in the ovary cortices from 58 d.The typical primordial follicle is found in deep layer of the ovary cortices from 73 d;and on the 81 d,the number of primordial follicles increases.Primary follicles are found in deep layer of cortices at 99 d.In contrast to mature oocytes,the germ cells are active cell-growing and dividing,changing shape and even migrating within the fetal ovary,hence more changes at this development stage.Our observations provide the morphometric and apoptosis aspects of sheep fetus ovary and evidence that apoptosis in the sheep fetus ovary is associated with germ cells.


Learning strategies have been researched in the area of language teaching and learning for many years, since the focus has been on the student rather than the teacher. A number of investigations have focused on the learner in the classroom, as this has traditionally been the place of excellence for language teaching. However, with the advent of digital technologies, new tools and learning modalities have emerged, for example, distance telecollaboration oriented by intercultural relations. The context of this research, Teletandem, is directly related to synchronous communication tools using video and audio, which generate opportunities for oral interaction with target language speakers in distance teaching and learning proposals. The main objective of this research was to investigate which learning strategies were used by the participants in Teletandem interactions. The research methodology and data collection instruments had qualitative nature. Data analysis revealed that the investigated participants claim to mainly use social and metacognitive learning strategies, which relate to two principles of Teletandem: reciprocity and autonomy.


IN THE 1830S, AFTER SLAVERY WAS ABOLISHED in the Caribbean, British plantation owners brought people from India as indentured labourers to take over work formerly carried out by enslaved Africans. Of nearly half a million Indians who arrived in the Caribbean, about one quarter returned to India at the end of their contracts, and it is the descendants of those who remained – the majority – that form today's Indian Caribbean population. The majority of Indians went to either British Guiana (now Guyana) or Trinidad, and Indians now account for 51 percent of the total Guyanese population and 42 percent of the total Trinidadian population. Given the closeness of their numbers, African Caribbeans and Indian Caribbeans were destined later to become political rivals in Guyana and in Trinidad and Tobago. Because of their lowly status as unlettered agricultural labourers, however, Indians were regarded as mere 'coolies', a term which, in the post-slavery Caribbean, quickly acquired a defamatory force every bit as degrading as that of the "n" word when applied to people of African descent, as Barbadian novelist George Lamming discusses in his essay "The Indian Presence as a Caribbean Reality".1 Guyanese novelist Edgar Mittelholzer admits in his autobiography: "[I]t was my class [of brown or coloured Guyanese in the 1930s] that looked down upon the East Indian sugar plantation labourers ('coolies' we called them whether they were labourers or eventually became doctors or barristers or civil servants)."2


Issues addressed: To implement and evaluate an intervention designed to increase knowledge of the harms of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) upon young children and support the implementation of harm reduction strategies among parents/carers of young children to reduce the children's exposure to ETS in a local government area of inner Sydney. Method: An intervention was developed (based on themes derived from focus groups and the literature) and implemented over four months from February to May 1999. Pre, post and six month follow up intercept surveys were conducted with parents of children younger than seven years in the intervention area and a comparison area. Results: There were significant increases in prompted and unprompted recall of the intervention message in the intervention area, with prompted recall being sustained at six month follow up. Knowledge of ineffective strategies to protect children from ETS also significantly increased with a significant association between increased knowledge and recall of the intervention message. There was a non-statistically significant increase in the proportion of smoke-free homes from 67% to 75%. Conclusion: Although the intervention was well implemented, more substantial and longer intervention is needed to increase the proportion of smoke-free homes. (author abstract)


The authors report a measurement of the ratio of the B{sup +} to B{sup 0} semileptonic branching fractions using data collected by the CLEO II detector at the {upsilon} (4S) resonance. A comparison of lepton yields is made between a sample of events enriched in B{sup 0} by a partial reconstruction tagging method and sample which is not enriched.


The amino acid compositions of two protein components of botulinum C2 toxin (C2T) designated components I and II, were analyzed and compared with those of 2 subfragments, the light and heavy chains, of botulinum C1 neurotoxin (C1T). The difference in amino-acid composition between these 2 toxins is in accordance with the differences in biological activity and molecular construction.


The pH-solubility profiles of tetracycline antibiotics in HCl-sodium acetate buffer solution were obtained at 37°. Solubility vs. pH curves of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC-HCl) passes through a maximum at approximately 2.8 whereas solubility of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) increases with decrease in pH. The similar solubility vs. pH curve was also obtained for demethylchlortetracycline hydrochloride (DMCT-HCl) and methacycline (MOTC-HCl). From the studies on the salts effect on the solubility of the tetracycline antibiotics, the drop at more acidic pH value in pH-solubility profiles of CTC-HCl, DMCT-HCl, and MOTC-HCl was found to be due to the common ion suppression of the solubility product equilibrium. The dissolution behavior of the free base and the hydrochloride of tetracyclines was examined in dilute hydrochloric acid solutions, whose pH ranges from 1.2 to 2.1. The results indicated that the free base of CTC, DMCT, and MOTC was more soluble than the corresponding hydrochloride at the gastric pH values (pH 1.2-1.4 for CTC and DMCT and pH 1.2-2.1 for MOTC). On the other hand, TC-HCl exhibited a greater solubility than the base in pH 1.2 since the solubility of TC-HCl was little affected by addition of common ion (Cl-).


An important problem in the study of the mammalian visual system is whether functionally different retinal ganglion cell types are anatomically segregated further up along the central visual pathway. It was previously demonstrated that, in a New World diurnal monkey (marmoset), the neurones carrying signals from the short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones [blue–yellow (B ⁄ Y)-opponent cells] are predominantly located in the koniocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), whereas the red–green (R ⁄ G)-opponent cells carrying signals from the medium- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones are segregated in the parvocellular layers. Here, we used extracellular single-unit recordings followed by histological reconstruction to investigate the distribution of color-selective cells in the LGN of the macaque, an Old World diurnal monkey. Cells were classified using cone-isolating stimuli to identify their cone inputs. Our results indicate that the majority of cells carrying signals from S-cones are located either in the koniocellular layers or in the 'koniocellular bridges' that fully or partially span the parvocellular layers. By contrast, the R ⁄ G-opponent cells are located in the parvocellular layers. We conclude that anatomical segregation of B ⁄ Y- and R ⁄ G-opponent afferent signals for color vision is common to the LGNs of New World and Old World diurnal monkeys.


Lymphocytes immune to a highly immunogenic ("xenogenized") variant of a murine lymphoma—which were shown to exert anti‐xenogenized tumor activity in a previously described model of tumor immunotherapy—were tested in the present study for possible suppressive effects on the growth of an i.c. graft of the original lymphoma. Remarkable tumor‐inhibitory effects followed the i.v. infusion of splenic lymphocytes sensitized or restimulated in vitro, or derived from animals immunized in vivo with the xenogenized tumor cells. The pattern of inhibition of the parental cells was apparently similar to that previously described for the xenogenized variant, but preliminary evidence suggests that the underlying mechanisms may be different.


The invention relates to a device (1) for the automated removal of ferromagnetic elements (2.1 to 2.n) of load carriers (3), - with at least one robot (4), the robot (4) - comprises at least one gripping tool (5) for removing the components (2.1 to 2.n), - wherein the gripping tool (5) comprises a number of magnetic grippers (5.1), each comprising at least one magnetic piston (5.1.1) and an actuator (5.1.3) for the pneumatic actuation of the magnetic piston (5.1.1), the magnetic piston (5.1.1) with pneumatic control in an axially non-magnetic cylinder (5.1.2) is movable. According to the invention a detection unit (5.1.6) is provided, by means of which one of the cylinder (5.1.2) is detectable escaping air amount during the pneumatic actuation of the magnetic piston (5.1.1), wherein - based on the detected amount of air an axial position of the magnetic piston (5.1.1) in the cylinder (5.1.2) can be determined, and - using the determined axial position of the magnetic piston (5.1.1), a check of the presence of a ferromagnetic component (2.1 to 2.n) takes place on the magnetic gripper (5.1). The invention further relates to a method for the automated removal of components (2.1 to 2.n) of load carriers (3) by means of a robot (4).


Abstract Common bile duct (CBD) exploration by surgical method—open or laparoscopic, traditionally involved using a T tube to take care of postoperative intraluminal pressure and edema. The complications of T tube include bile leak after removal, formation of biliary fistula, excoriation of the skin, dehydration, saline depletion, retained T tube fragment, CBD obstruction, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and duodenal erosion. Here, we report a case of retained T tube fragment after an attempted removal in an operated case of choledocholithiasis, which was managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and balloon catheter removal of the remnant.


Introduction: We previously reported that stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) plays opposing roles in vascular smooth muscle vs. endothelial cells in the regulation of vascular reactivity. In the present study, we determined the in vivo role of endothelial vs. VSMC STIM1 on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in response to chronic ischemia. Hypothesis: The specific deletion of STIM1 in endothelial cell blunts angiogenesis and arteriogenesis through the induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Whereas, the deletion of STIM1 specifically in SMC accelerates the angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in response to chronic ischemia via the reduction in oxidative stress and ER stress. Methods: We specifically deleted STIM1 in endothelial cells (Stim1 EC-/- mice) and in SMC (Stim1 SMC-/- mice). The ischemic hind limb is the most representative model of peripheral artery disease and ischemic lower extremities that occur in diabetic patients. Stim1 EC-/- , Stim1 SMC-/- , and the wild type mice (WT: C57/Bl6) were submitted to chronic femoral artery ligation and then blood flow recovery was assessed once a week. Results: The blood flow recovery, which reflects angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, in Stim1E C-/- was significantly blunted compared to Stim1 SMC-/- and WT. Moreover, blood flow recovery in Stim1 SMC-/- was earlier (2.5 weeks) than in WT (3 weeks). Western blot analysis in the ischemic hind limb muscle revealed the induction of the ER stress-CHOP and BIP, the increase in oxidative stress related to the augmented in the NADPH oxidase activity-Nox1-dependent, and the reduction in VEGFR2 and eNOS phosphorylation in Stim1E C-/- compared to Stim1 SMC-/- and WT mice. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that specific deletion of STIM1 in endothelial cell impairs the basic mechanism of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, while the specific deletion of STIM1 in VSMC accelerates angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, which will benefit type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral artery diseases and chronic ischemia in the lower extremities.


BIODIVERSITY911: Saving Life on Earth is a new exhibition at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. For the exhibit, the museum has turned itself into an "environmental hospital," where visitors play the "doctors." This theme and its accompanying activities, such as visitors wearing doctor's badges, "making the rounds," and doling out prescriptions, are all part of an interactive exhibit that explains the loss of biodiversity and what individuals can do to alleviate or reverse its effects. At the Biodiversity Theater, the centerpiece of Biodiversity 91 1, visitors watch a short film that is lighthearted in tone but introduces serious issues such as deforestation, pollution, and climate changes. Six supporting exhibit areas further teach visitors about the major threats to biodiversity: overfishing, illegal wildlife trade, global climate changes, unsustainable forest use, soil depletion, and toxic chemicals. Each area includes hands-on, interactive components. For example, visitors can crawl through a coral reef, gaze up at a giant tropical tree, select a sustainably harvested fish, or play toxic pinball. Scientists at the Academy have also put on display a selection of specimens from their research collection of more than 17 million animals and


Our country's transnational petroleum corporations operate with huge risk problems,and the financial risk was one of them.This article reveals and analyzes the characters of business and financial management in petroleum corporations operation.Then discusses the main financial risks that China petroleum corporations faced: price risk,exchange rate risk,economic and investment risk.At last propose suggestions to strengthen and improve its financial risk management: To establish early warning system for financial risks;to monitor investment risk abroad;to stockpile the talented persons who familiar with financial risk management.


A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for analysis and identification of furanocoumarins in pomelo juice extraction.Pomelo juice was extracted with ethyl acetate-hexane(5 ∶3 by volume),separated by silica gel column chromatography into nine fractions,each fraction was analysed by HPLC-MS.Six furanocoumarins were identified in the pomelo juice and their structures were verified by HPLC-MS/MS.


The availability of organic, agroindustrial and urban waste in Brazil is high, and the exploitation of these residues in agriculture as a source of nutrients and organic matter is a beneficial alternative for the environment and may reduce the amount of mineral fertilizers applied in some areas (Carneiro et al. 2013, Paula et al. 2013, Somavilla et al. 2014). Among the organic residues, urban waste is generated at staggering rates in Brazilian cities, where each inhabitant produces daily 1.07 kg of garbage, on average, which is mainly disposed in dumps and landfills (Abrelpe 2015). A significant ABSTRACT RESUMO


An equilibrium study of I/sub 2/ between Pt pellets and H/sub 2/--O/sub 2/-steam at 350 deg C is described. The solubility of Kr and O/sub 2/ in homogeneous reactor fuel solution was investigated. The study of the chemical processing of underflow from the HR hydroclones for recovery of U and water continued. (T.R.H.)


In the background of commercial personal loans,based on the techniques of semantic ontology model,established commercial personal loans ontology,descript concept,properties,structure standard and extracted concept properties range axiom something from the knowledge field from personal loans.Summed up the personal loan business rules,and defined the corresponding logic predicate and based predicate logic expressions for personal loan approval rules knowledge representation and reasoning.Solved information and processing rules for knowledge representation and reasoning in the field of personal loan approval business.Provided heterogeneous information sharing and knowledge reasoning intelligent for computer system.