Multihop communication objectives and constraints impose a set of challenging requirements that create difficult conditions for simultaneous optimization of features such as scalability and performance. Routing in wireless multihop networks represents a crucial component of the overall network efficacy because it is a lower layer that enables the actual functionality of networks. We have developed field division routing (FDR), a distributed and nonhierarchical routing protocol that aims to coordinated addressing of scalability, topology alternations, latency, throughput, energy efficiency, and local storage requirements. FDR is based upon two optimization mechanisms: a reactive and focused diffusion that collects only network topology information directly required for making localized routing decisions, and a protocol for sharing routing information among neighboring nodes. Routing table initialization and maintenance are scalable in terms of both storage and overhead traffic necessary for building routing tables. FDR provides guaranteed connectivity while providing near-optimal all-node-pairs message delivery. The protocol is also power-efficient to a wide spectrum of topology changes that induce relatively few messages to update routing tables network-wide. We analyzed the new routing protocol both theoretically and using simulation.


Background: Sansevieria cylindrica and Plumeria obtusa are used as a medicinal plant during intentional and unintentional accidental injuries. However, limited investigations have been performed to study pharmacological activities of these plants. Objectives: The current study designed at examining in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of both plant extracts. Material & Method: Initially, the collection and authentication of both the plants performed. Phytochemical screening was done thereafter. Sansevieria cylindrica leaves and Plumeria obtusa seed pods were extracted using a combination of water and ethanol. Anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays. Anti-oxidant activity was measured by free radicals scavenging method using different reactive oxygen species producing reagents. Results: The dose dependent increase in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities were reported by both plants. Overall, Sansevieria cylindrica has shown higher rate of prevention of inflammation and oxidation compared to Plumeria obtusa extract. Both plants showed comparable anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity in combination with that of reference drugs. Conclusion: The hydro-alcoholic extracts of Sansevieria cylindrica and Plumeria obtusa individually and also as 1:1 blend might be responsible for an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.


. Let E be a real Banach space with norm k (cid:1) k and let f x n g n (cid:21) 0 be a nonexpansive sequence in E (i.e., k x i +1 − x j +1 k (cid:20) k x i − x j k for all i; j (cid:21) 0). Let K = T 1 n =1 co ff x i − x i − 1 g i (cid:21) n g . We deal with the mean point of f x n n g concerning a Banach limit. We show that if E is reflexive and d = d (0 ; K ), then d = d (0 ;co f x n − x 0 n g ) and there exists a unique point z 0 with k z 0 k = d such that z 0 2 co f x n − x 0 n g . This result is applied to obtain the weak and strong convergence of f x n n g .


Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections was used to identify CD8αα cells and CD8αβ cells in human intestine. As observed previously, CD8αβ cells predominate (>95%) in tonsil and post‐natal intestine. However in human fetal intestine (16–24 weeks gestation), almost half the CD8+ cells in the lamina propria are CD8αα, and many CD8αα cells can be identified in the epithelium. In contrast, in the T cell zones of the Peyer's patches, CD8αβ cells are dominant. The CD8αα cells are virtually all αβ T cell receptor positive. By analogy with the murine system, these CD8αα cells in the fetal gut may be directly derived from the marrow, undergoing thymus‐independent differentiation in the gut mucosa.


the presence of a State as a party to arbitral proceedings gives a particular colouration to the arbitral process. From the date of execution of the arbitration agreement throughout the proceedings and, ultimately, at the time of recognition and enforcement of an award, arbitration involving States raises a number of original issues. Initially the threshold issues of the arbitrability of disputes involving States and of the authority of public officials to bind their principal must be faced. These are questions to which there is no uniform answer.1

Assuming that these questions are satisfactorily resolved, considerations of sovereign immunity may interfere with the conduct of the proceedings and their outcome. Thus, a State may raise immunity from suit as a bar to the enforcement of the arbitration agreement or to the proceedings for the recognition or confirmation of an award. Similarly, the State involved may plead immunity from execution to object to measures of execution against its property either in the form of provisional measures before the award is rendered or in the form of procedures intended to secure enforcement of the award after it is rendered.

These are issues which are well known, but are complicated by the lack of uniformity of immunity rules.

To be sure, recent trends in major Western legal systems give increasing support to the restrictive doctrine of immunity. This is apparent from such treaty developments as the European Convention on State Immunity (the European Convention),2 and certain bilateral treaties,3 as well as statutory enactments, such as the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act in the United States (FSIA),4 the State Immunity Act in the United Kingdom (SIA),5 and similar statutes in other countries.6 Also, in other countries whose immunity rules remain uncodified, which is the case of Western Continental countries, recent …


ABSTRACT: A domestic cutterhead with the diameter of 3.6 m was designed and manufactured in this study. Then, it was attached to an existing earth-pressure balanced shield TBM to excavate a cable tunnel with the length of 1,275 m. Especially, the procedures for TBM cutterhead design and its corresponding performance prediction were also summarized. From field data analyses of the refurbished shield TBM, its maximum advance rate was recorded as 14.4 m/day. Penetration depths of disc cutters were found to be approximately 4 mm/rev, which is equal to the maximum penetration depth designed for the strongest rock strength condition in th e target tunnel. Every TBM operating thrust and cutter normal force during TBM driving was much smaller than their corresponding maximum capacities. When cutter acting forces recorded in the field were analyzed, their prediction errors by the CSM model were very high for weak rock conditions. In addition, rock strength showed very close relationships with cutter normal force and penetration depth.Keywords: TBM, Cutterhead, Refurbishment, Disc cutter, Advance rate, Excavation performance


Diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis (DMF) and replacement myocardial fibrosis (or scar) are common features of a wide variety of pathological conditions of the heart and play an important role in the progression of heart failure. Recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques now permit assessment of DMF as well as the commonly used scar imaging, or late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) methods.1 Recent work has shown the prognostic value of detecting DMF in patients with valvular heart disease and early diabetic cardiomyopathy.2,3 Although conventional LGE techniques can successfully identify replacement fibrosis in conditions such as acute and chronic myocardial infarction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, they are less suitable imaging methods for detecting DMF because there may be little normal myocardium available to compare with affected areas. Fibrosis shortens the postcontrast longitudinal relaxation time (T1) properties of myocardium, and this feature may be exploited in DMF because T1 can be directly measured by CMR, using specific pulse sequences in a strategy known as T1 mapping. Among them, the modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence has been used extensively by Messroghli and his colleagues in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, whereas validation with histological analyses of fibrosis has been scarce. In their article published in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, Messroghli and colleagues4 applied a custom MOLLI technique in a rat model of DMF to better account for potential weaknesses in the technique such as sensitivity to motion and heart rate.5 In addition to comparing T1 relaxation times before and after a 2-week infusion of angiotensin II to induce DMF, they also derived myocardial extracellular volume from hematocrit and T1 of blood and myocardium. The authors found a very good correlation between extracellular volume and fraction of collagen volume estimated by histology, and the method is relatively straightforward to implement on conventional clinical 3-T scanners. This allows for more investigators to perform fibrosis imaging research on presently available equipment with little modification. The applicability of this technique for higher heart rate applications allows for widening its potential use to the younger pediatric population or even fetal imaging.


Drs O'Loughlin & Darley suggest that the rate of referral of older adults with dementia has increased since the launch of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the publication of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for their use ( Psychiatric Bulletin , April 2006, 30 ,


Relationships between benthos and sedimentary organic matter quality were analyzed in the West Gironde Mud Patch (WGMP), on the shelf of the Bay of Biscay, off the Gironde estuary, as part of the multidisciplinary national programme Ecomarge, a JGOFS-France contribution. At three stations located on an east-west transect and at different periods from 1985 to 1988, the following parameters of the sediment were analyzed: POC (particulate organic carbon); SIGMA (sum of easily extractable macromolecules thought to be the most degradable part of particulate organic matter); pigments as indices of organic matter quality; ETS (electron-transport-system) activities and meiofauna densities as indices of benthic responses. Sediments from the WGMP have an overall low organic carbon content (0.8 %) ; the labile organic fraction (SIGMA) does not exceed 10 % of the total sedimentary POM (particulate organic matter). Nevertheless, the supply of freshly-formed matter was marked both by pigment and SIGMA increases, especially westwards. ETS activity was significantly linked to POC, SIGMA and chlorophyll a. The ETS: POC ratio was lower than in neighbouring coastal areas (i. e. the Gironde estuary and Arcachon Bay) but ETS: SIGMA_ was of the same magnitude in the three zones, reaching values close to ETS: SIGMA ratios found in live bacteria. It was concluded that SIGMA could mainly be composed of biomass itself; the detrital part of SIGMA, thought to be rapidly incorporated into living material, would not accumulate. The distribution of meiofauna abundances did not follow the same gradients as pigments, ETS and SIGMA, and presumably depended on environmental factors other than those analyzed here.


Abstract Many bioprocesses are difficult to control due to their highly nonlinear and time-varying characteristics. To design simple and suitable controllers for these processes, a nonlinear predictive controller using sparse kernel learning with a polynomial kernel form is designed. First, the nonlinear time-varying processes can be identified using the recursive kernel learning method. The online kernel identification model can be efficiently updated, with nodes increasing and decreasing, via recursive learning algorithms. Consequently, the proposed polynomial kernel learning-based controller can restrict its complexity, and trace the time-varying characteristics of a nonlinear process adaptively to achieve better performance. The obtained results on a continuous bioreactor with time-varying parameters show that the proposed controller is superior to the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and other kernel controllers with an offline model without online updating.


A spontaneous somatic mutant with Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. plant morphology was found in late tillers of a Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (Bowden) plant. Hybrids of the timopheevi-like muta...


The young teacher has become the professorship teaching in the middle forces,but for many young teacher had just graduated from school,or from other industries to the teacher,many young teacher's teaching experience in teaching it does not reach the teaching quality and ability.To further clarify the duties and responsibilities of the young teacher to give it a good knowledge,professional ethics and education of law,teachers and students to understand the psychological and increasing teacher's own confidence in the teaching and research capacity for knowledge and abilities.So this article from this angle the professorship young teachers and teaching quality of training and formed.


Objective. To study clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer in patients aged younger and older than 50 years, who received anticancer treatment including surgery, as well as to identify prognostic factors for overall survival of these patients.Material and methods. A retrospective study of surgical treatment outcomes was conducted in 350 gastric cancer patients, who were divided into 2 groups. The study group included 34 (9.71 %) patients aged 50 years and younger and the control group consisted of 316 (90.29 %) patients aged 51 years and older.Results. The analysis of treatment outcomes and survival rates was carried out. The diffuse-type gastric cancer was more frequently diagnosed in younger than in older patients (p<0.001), and asymptomatic disease often present in younger patients (p<0.001). There were no differences in the extent of surgery between the groups (p=0.613). The overall survival rate was lower in the control group than in the study group (p=0.002). The multivariate analysis revealed that a worse prognosis was observed in patients of the control group (hr=12.71), with regional lymph node metastases (hr=2.64), distant metastases (hr=1.83), iii/iv stage of the disease (hr=2.01), lymphovascular (hr=3.15) and perineural invasion (hr=2.46), as well as with postoperative complications (hr=2.12). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the disease prognosis (hr=0.35).Conclusion. Specific clinical and pathological features predicted survival of gastric cancer patients aged younger and older 50 years.


The simple, ballistic time-of-flight equation for the maximum altitude of a vertically launched rocket neglects the effects of atmospheric drag. We show that the error introduced by using this equation to estimate the maximum altitude is typically less than 1% because of the effective cancellations of timing errors during the ascent and descent of the rocket.


Adsorption cooling technology offers great promise for energy savings and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The present study aims the analysis of heat and mass transfer for silica gel-water adsorbent bed in a vacuum condition using COMSOL Multiphysics. The energy required for the regeneration process is given at the domain boundary as a function of time. The impact of different particle sizes (3mm, 4mm, 5mm) on desorption rate, heat and mass transfer coefficient is studied. From the study, the particle with a smaller diameter has a high desorption rate and mass transfer coefficient. Similarly, increasing the particle size from 3 to 4mm decreased the adsorption rate by 4.26% and from 3 mm to 5mm by 8.55%. It is seen that the increase in the particle size increased the thermal resistance in the bed because of the poor thermal conductivity of the desiccant. Methods to increase the heat transfer rate in bed and optimization of operating conditions should be taken care.


Research over the past decade in Alaska's Aleutian Islands has offered surprising insights into the pulses of great earthquakes that generate dangerous, often long-distance tsunamis.


There is no known treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Little is known about its pathogenesis. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been proposed as infectious triggers. Thirty CFS patients with elevated IgG antibody titers against HHV‐6 and EBV were randomized 2:1 to receive valganciclovir (VGCV) or placebo for 6 months in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Clinical endpoints aimed at measuring physical and mental fatigue included the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI‐20) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores, self‐reported cognitive function, and physician‐determined responder status. Biological endpoints included monocyte and neutrophil counts and cytokine levels. VGCV patients experienced a greater improvement by MFI‐20 at 9 months from baseline compared to placebo patients but this difference was not statistically significant. However, statistically significant differences in trajectories between groups were observed in MFI‐20 mental fatigue subscore (P = 0.039), FSS score (P = 0.006), and cognitive function (P = 0.025). VGCV patients experienced these improvements within the first 3 months and maintained that benefit over the remaining 9 months. Patients in the VGCV arm were 7.4 times more likely to be classified as responders (P = 0.029). In the VGCV arm, monocyte counts decreased (P < 0.001), neutrophil counts increased (P = 0.037) and cytokines were more likely to evolve towards a Th1‐profile (P < 0.001). Viral IgG antibody titers did not differ between arms. VGCV may have clinical benefit in a subset of CFS patients independent of placebo effect, possibly mediated by immunomodulation and/or antiviral effect. Further investigation with longer treatment duration and a larger sample size is warranted. J. Med. Virol. 85:2101–2109, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The effect of concurrency control methods on the performance of computer systems is analyzed in the context of a centralized database with a static lock request policy, i.e., database transactions should acquire all locks before their activation. In the lock conflict model the L locks required by each transaction are uniformly distributed over the N locks in the database. The computer system is modelled as a queueing network. Two scheduling policies for transaction activation are considered: FCFS with and without skip. In each case the scheduling overhead for scanning the blocked transactions is taken into account. The number of transactions to be scanned is limited by a window size parameter. The system is analyzed using a hierarchical decomposition method, where the highest level model yields the mean user response time. The results of the approximate solution are validated using a detailed simulation, which shows that the analysis based on no resampling of locks is quite accurate and outperforms the simplified analysis with resampling of locks in accuracy. The effect of varying the values of parameters such as transaction size, granularity of locking, scheduling discipline for transaction activation, scheduling overhead, and window size on system performance is investigated.


The paper analyses recent trends in foreign policy of Latin-American countries, in particular their approaches to the cooperation with BRICS. The main attention is paid to the analysis of Brazilian policy towards BRICS. Brazil is the only country which represents Latin-American continent in BRICS and has excellent possibilities to enter "the club of the Great Powers".


IntroductionThe prehistory of the mysterious milky patches in the sky known as nebulae goes back to Antiquity, but eighteenth-century writers often took their lead from the short paper that Edmond Halley published in 1715, "An account of several nebulae or lucid spots like clouds".1 Halley listed six nebulae: those known to us as Ml 1, M 13, M22, M31 and M42, together with ? Centauri which is too far south to be visible from England. They are, Halley declared, "Light coming from an extraordinary great Space in the Ether; through which a lucid Medium is diffused, that shines with its own proper Lustre".But a star system so distant that existing telescopes were not powerful enough to 'resolve' it into stars would also appear nebulous, and there could be little doubt that such systems existed. The question, therefore, was whether all nebulae were simply star clusters disguised by distance, or whether Halley was right and some were formed of a "lucid medium", or "true nebulosity" as William Herschel (1738-1822) preferred to call it.Herschel was introduced to astronomy in 1772-73 by two authors, both of whom drew on Halley's paper. What they had to say about Halley's lucid spots immediately captured his attention. Herschel's own theorizing on nebulae falls into three periods. For a decade, 1774-84, Herschel had good reason to believe in true nebulosity; then, in 1784, new observations led him to reverse his opinion and he now equated nebulae with star clusters - only in 1790 to come across evidence that compelled him once more to accept the existence of true nebulosity. Here we investigate in detail the first of these periods, while in Part 2 we study the second and third.1774-1781: Does the Orion Nebula Alter Shape?"A knowledge of the construction of the heavens has always been the ultimate object of my observations", wrote William Herschel in 181 1 when commencing his final series of papers on this subject.2 Nearly four decades earlier, when Herschel first developed his passion for astronomy and in particular his fascination for cosmology, he was one of the two leading musicians in the fashionable spa resort of Bath in the west of England.3 As an astronomer he was entirely self-taught, learning his telescope-building from the formidable two volumes on Opticks by the Cambridge professor Robert Smith,4 and his astronomy from the popular Astronomy by the former shepherd boy, James Ferguson.5Smith began his brief chapter on "Telescopical discoveries in the Fixt Stars" by informing his readers that the Milky Way wasnothing else but a prodigious number of very minute stars, so close to one another that the naked eye can only perceive a whitish mixture of their faint lights. This was Galileo's discovery, who found also that those faint stars, which Astronomers call Nebulosae, appeared through his telescope to be small clusters of very minute stars.6In 1656 Christiaan Huygens had seen "a whitish cloud" in Orion's Sword, and Smith reproduced Huygens's sketch. According to Huygens, he tells readers,the three little stars very near one another (marked ? by Bayer), together with four more, shone out as it were through a whitish cloud, much brighter than the ambient sky: which being very black and serene caused that lucid part to appear like an aperture, that gave a prospect into a brighter region.7An article in Philosophical transactions in 1715, Smith continued, had reported five more of these "lucid spots", where it seemed that there was "perpetual uninterrupted day".Ferguson had more to say. He lists five of these six "lucid spots" under this same heading; of the Andromeda Nebula, M31, he says intriguingly that it "is sometimes invisible", in which case it could not be a vast star system.8 The sixth, the Orion Nebula, he lists under a separate heading, "Cloudy stars". These "look like dim Stars to the naked eye; but through a telescope they appear broad illuminated parts of the Sky; in some of which is one Star, in others more". …


The role of MIM O (mu ltip le input-mu ltip le output) in Cognitive Radio Opportunity Spectru m Access systems (CR-OSA) is analy zed. The model of two networks operating in the same frequency bandwidth under Rayleigh fad ing conditions is studied in detail. The licensed network called primary one operates in SISO mode, while the secondary - in MIMO mode. The results obtained are encouraging. Fo r the future the networks equipped with a dense grid of spectrum sensing detectors and OSA-routers are provided.


We discuss a pure hyperbolic alternative to the Navier-Stokes equations, which are of parabolic type. As a result of the substitution of the concept of the viscosity coefficient by a microphysics-based temporal characteristic, particle settled life (PSL) time, it becomes possible to formulate a model for viscous fluids in a form of first order hyperbolic partial differential equations. Moreover, the concept of PSL time allows the use the same model for flows of viscous fluids (Newtonian or nonNewtonian) as well as irreversible deformation of solids. In the theory presented, a continuum is interpreted as a system of particles, or in the case of fluids, fluid parcels connected by bonds; the internal resistance to flow is interpreted as elastic stretching of the particle bonds; and a flow is a result of bond destructions and rearrangements of particles. Finally, we examine the model for simple shear flows of Newtonian fluids and demonstrate that Newton's viscous law can be obtained in the framework of the developed hyperbolic theory as a steady-state limit. A basic relation between the viscosity coefficient, PSL time, and the shear sound velocity is also obtained.


For use in the prevention or treatment of severe cases of infectious diseases, especially of diseases caused by viral infection, fungal infection or parasitic infection infectious diseases, an anion exchanger is used as adsorbent material according to the invention. The adsorbent material is preferably contained in an extracorporeal perfusion system, and comprises cations or synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural polycationic chains, which are fixed to support materials, in which polycation be in linear or branched form.


The paper deals with the problem of on-line diagnosis of computer systems. It is based on three monitoring techniques related to system event logging, performance and resource usage measurements. This approach is illustrated with practical results.


In recent decades, investing in mutual funds is a phenomenon that many investors
done, because they think this type of investment can provide an optimal return with
minimal risk. In the current investment growth climate in Indonesia, at the end of 2007
the financial market in Indonesia turmoil as effect of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.
The objective this study are


"The goals of the study are to draw conclusions about the use of total quality management to increase the efficiency of the functioning of companies (especially in developing countries), and to assess what indicators of their performance it affects. The main methods in the framework of the study can be considered analysis, modelling, formalization, abstraction. The paper describes the essence of total quality management, its philosophy, and application features. Also, a statistical analysis was carried out on the basis of data from American enterprises, which assessed some main characteristics of the activities of enterprises using total quality management and not. A similar study was conducted for enterprises in some developing countries, in which the main indicators were revenue, net profit, and asset growth rates. During the analysis, the author came to the conclusion that the application of the overall quality management strategy increases the overall efficiency of the functioning of companies by increasing the growth rate of net profit."


A key performance parameter of a manufacturing network or supply chain is its cycle time; the time that a typical item spends in the network. A previous simulation study on a semiconductor assembly and test facility showed that cycle times could be reduced by having smooth input and service rates. This suggested that there is a "cycle time principle" that, for a system with a specified throughput or input rate, the shortest cycle times are obtained when the input and service rates do not vary over time. We prove that this principle is true for the M/G/1 and M/M/s queueing systems and Jackson networks. The analysis involves establishing several results on the concavity of waiting time probabilities and the convexity of expected waiting times and queue lengths, as functions of input and service rates. These results also have natural uses in other optimization problems.


Garnets are capable of accommodating an excess of lithium cations beyond that normally found in this prototypical structure. This excess lithium is found in a mixture of coordination environments with considerable positional and occupational disorder and leads to ionic conductivity of up to 4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. This high value for total conductivity, combined with excellent thermal and (electro)chemical resistance makes these candidate materials for operation in all solid-state batteries. This review looks at garnets with a wide range of stoichiometries and lithium concentrations and the impact of complex lithium distributions and crystallographic order/disorder transitions on the transport properties of these materials.


Abstract A theory for exchange of calcium between milk or model milk-protein system and an appropriately buffered weak cation-exchange resin was developed which could be used for determination of protein-bound or colloidal calcium. With suitable preconditioning of the resin, the resin-contact-time method yielded results for ionic and protein-bound calcium in a model β -casein system which not only conformed to the proposed theory but also agreed with those by the murexide method of Sundararajan and Whitney. β -Casein dispersions (3%) in calcium-potassium chloride solutions at pH 7.0, Γ/2 .14, and 2°C bound calcium as if there were 11.20 binding sites per molecule, each with an intrinsic association constant of 76.62 liters per mole. Data from skim milk samples at 23°C and 2°C by the resin-contact-time method also were consistent with the proposed theory and yielded protein-bound or colloidal calcium in reasonable agreement with reported results.


Background: A high maternal mortality ratio is a serious public health issue in India. The lack of monitoring of pregnant mothers contributes to maternal deaths.

Aims & Objectives: This To study the incidence of maternal mortality and the causes of maternal mortality at a tertiary care (teaching) institute over a period of 6 years from January 2006 – December 2010.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths from hospital records.

Results: As per present study, MMR was 1180 per 100,000 live births. Haemorrhage (53%) was the leading cause of death. Anaemia was a contributory factor in almost all cases (63%) & most of the deaths were associated with intrauterine fetal deaths (71%).

Conclusion: MMR of the institute was very high, because most patients were referred cases with no antenatal care.


A thermoplastic elastomer composition containing: at least one type of elastomer component selected from the group consisting of an elastomeric polymer (A) that has a glass-transition point of 25°C or less and has a side chain containing a hydrogen-bonding crosslinking site having a carbonyl-containing group and/or a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and an elastomeric polymer (B) that has a glass-transition point of 25°C or less and contains, in a side chain, a hydrogen-bonding crosslinking site and a covalent-bonding crosslinking site; an organized clay that is included at a ratio of 20 parts by mass or less in relation to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer component(s); and a polymer (Z) that is a different polymer from the elastomeric polymers (A) and (B), has an SP value of 9.0 or greater, and has an SP value that exceeds the SP value of the elastomer component(s) by 0.5 or more.


Morphological image processing is well known as an efficient method in image processing and computer vision. With the wide use of color in many areas, the interest on the color perception and processing has been growing rapidly. In this paper, a new approach to color morphological transformation, as an extension of mathematical morphology from gray-scale image to color image, is proposed based on HSL (hue-saturation-lightness) color space. New basic color morphological operators are first defined, and new composite color morphological operators, including color morphological filters with multiple structuring elements, and color morphological multi-resolution analysis and synthesis, are constructed. Then their properties are discussed. Experimental results show that the proposed color morphological operators can be efficiently used in color image processing, encoding and feature extraction.


1: Previous research has found that exposure to diseases in childhood may influence later-life health and socioeconomic status, but less is known how childhood health affects partnership in adult life. Based on the idea of health selection into marriage we investigate the association between childhood health and subsequent partnership trajectories of older adults in 13 European countries using the SHARELIFE data (N = 24,183). Firstly, using sequence analysis we describe types of partnership trajectories spanning over the life course of older adults and deduce six groups: stably married (standard), stably widowed, divorced, never married, cohabiting and complex trajectories. Secondly, we investigate the association between poor childhood health and the probability of following a 'non-standard' trajectory (divorced, never married, cohabiting or complex trajectory). Partnership group is used as a dependent variable in multinomial logistic regression models. Descriptive results show that in countries which have late de jure adoption of unilateral and no-fault divorce laws there is greater partnership stability over the life course, with a higher proportion of adults captured by the standard partnership trajectory that includes one stable marriage, and low proportion of individuals that experience marriage disruption. Further, results from multinomial regression models show that poor childhood health is associated with following a divorced, never married or a complex partnership trajectory, compared to being in a stably married (standard) trajectory. There is a striking gender difference, as the effects are remarkably greater for women than for men. With regards to the extent the association between poor childhood health and non-standard trajectories persists in older and younger cohorts, results show that the effects are pronounced mostly in younger cohorts. We conclude that a health selection into marriage appears to exist for both older men and women. 1 This chapter is based on Djundeva, M., Mills, M., & Barban, N. (2013). "A life course approach to the relationship between health inequalities and marital trajectories" presented at the European Consortium for Sociological Research (ECSR) 2013 in Tilburg, the Netherlands; the RC28 2013 Spring meeting in Trento, Italy; and the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (PAA) 2014 in Boston, USA.


Identifying intents from dialogue utterances forms an integral component of task-oriented dialogue systems. Intent-related tasks are typically formulated either as a classification task, where the utterances are classified into predefined categories or as a clustering task when new and previously unknown intent categories need to be discovered from these utterances. Further, the intent classification may be modeled in a multiclass (MC) or multilabel (ML) setup. While typically these tasks are modeled as separate tasks, we propose IntenDD, a unified approach leveraging a shared utterance encoding backbone. IntenDD uses an entirely unsupervised contrastive learning strategy for representation learning, where pseudo-labels for the unlabeled utterances are generated based on their lexical features. Additionally, we introduce a two-step post-processing setup for the classification tasks using modified adsorption. Here, first, the residuals in the training data are propagated followed by smoothing the labels both modeled in a transductive setting. Through extensive evaluations on various benchmark datasets, we find that our approach consistently outperforms competitive baselines across all three tasks. On average, IntenDD reports percentage improvements of 2.32%, 1.26%, and 1.52% in their respective metrics for few-shot MC, few-shot ML, and the intent discovery tasks respectively.


Aquaculture plays an important role in China's total fisheries production nowadays, and it leads to a few problems, for example water quality degradation, which has damaging effect on the sustainable development of environment. Among the many forms of aquaculture that deteriorate the water quality, disorderly pen culture is especially severe. Pen culture began very early in Yangchenghu Lake and Taihu Lake in China and part of the pen culture still exists. Thus, it is of great significance to evaluate the distribution and area of the pen culture in the two lakes. However, the traditional method for pen culture detection is based on the factual measurement, which is labor and time consuming. At present, with the development of remote sensing technologies, some target detection algorithms for multi/hyper-spectral data have been used in the pen culture detection, but most of them are intended for the single-temporal remote sensing data. Recently, a target detection algorithm called filter tensor analysis (FTA), which is specially designed for multi-temporal remote sensing data, has been reported and has achieved better detection results compared to the traditional single-temporal methods in many cases. This paper mainly aims to investigate the pen culture in Yangchenghu Lake and Taihu Lake with FTA implemented on the multi-temporal Landsat imagery, by determining the optimal time phases combination of the Landsat data in advance. Furthermore, the suitability and superiority of FTA over Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) in the process of pen culture detection were tested. It was observed in the experiments on the data of those two lakes that FTA can detect the pen culture much more accurately than CEM with Landsat data of selected bands and of limited number of time phases.


The invention provides an authentication method, a server and a television. The authentication method comprises the steps that when an authentication request from the television is received, a random number is sent to the television; first encrypted data and television identification from the television are received and a pre-stored television side public key corresponding to the television identification is used for conducting decryption on the first encrypted data, wherein the first encrypted data are data generated through the method that encryption is conducted on the random number by a television side private key used by the television and the television side public key and the television side private key are a pair of matched keys; whether a decrypted random number is identical to the random number fed back to the television is judged; if the judged result shows that the two random numbers are identical, a successful authentication result is sent to the television. According to the technical scheme, bidirectional authentication of the server and the television is achieved, an external device is not needed, the authentication process is simple, the random numbers are involved in the authentication process, and the safety of the authentication system is improved.


The load‐bearing capacity of boxes made up of thin‐walled G‐flute corrugated boards was investigated by performing monotonic and cyclic compression tests on boxes of various geometries. Results provided a large experimental database on the influence of the box dimensions and compression velocities on buckling parameters such as critical load and the corresponding critical axial deformation. Cyclic loading tests permitted the detection of the onset of an irreversible strain state, which could be related to damage initiation and propagation in the microstructure of the panels of boxes. Moreover, main differences, which could be observed between G‐flute corrugated boards and folding boards, were emphasized. Finally, the ability of some usual modelling approaches to predict the critical load of boxes was discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article presents GUD-power stations which have already been in operation, which, however, still depend on noble fuels, such as natural gas or oil, respectively. If coal is to be used for GUD-power stations, a promising approach will lead via coal gasinfication. The author explains in detail the components which will still have to be developed, as well as the development stage of those which already exist, and their arrangement variants, with special attention to the gas turbine, being the key component. Higher efficiencies, low electricity generation costs, and reduced emission of noxious matter are the significant advantages of the GUD-power stations presented


Graphene has received many attentions from the scientist due to its outstanding properties since it was mechanically exfoliated. The rise of graphene has stimulated immense research on analogous two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorene, silicene, borophene and germanene. However, as a semimetal, gapless graphene has been limited in the application like semiconducting electronics. Previous theoretical calculations predict that a small bandgap will arise when the graphene is placed onto an h-BN substrate. Then graphene/h-BN (G/h-BN) lateral heterostructures have been fabricated by many research groups on metal substrates. Comparing vertical vdW layer assembling, the atomic G/h-BN system combining both the high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap can build in-plane integrated circuit directly. However, to reduce the interface scattering, a sharp atomic interface between graphene and h-BN is required. To date, some experiments have built high quality G/h-BN heterostructures with sharp atomic interfaces, while many others did not. The underlying growth mechanism is crucial to control the size and shapes of the G/h-BN heterostructures of high quality. In this review, we first review the growth mechanism of graphene, mainly focusing on the nucleating process, which plays a vital role to reduce the grain boundary in the overall growth. The nucleation behavior of graphene is influenced by the growth temperature, substrate, carbon source partial pressure and hydrogen partial


Electroless copper plating bath working at room temperature has the advantages of lower working temperature, lower decomposition rate of formaldehyde and lower cost for maintenance. In order to obtain good copper layer, different additives must be added to the copper plating bath. A perpendicular experiment with seven factors and three levels was done to select suitable additives and determine the content of each composite. The influence of the different content of each composite on the deposition rate, the stability of the bath and the appearance of the copper layer was also studied at the same time. From the results, the composition of the electroless copper plating bath was established. The bath works at room temperature and has good stability, suitable deposition rate. The copper layer generated from the bath has good appearance and high elongation.


The UK prime minister is committed to leading the first government 'in modern history to leave office having reduced the overall burden of regulation rather than increased it'. In our paper in Public Money & Management in 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 4), we set out the role of the Regulatory Policy Committee (RPC) in the government's better regulation agenda (Gibbons and Parker, 2012). Since then a number of changes to the regulatory process has been introduced. In this article we describe the main changes to the UK's regulatory processes introduced since July 2012, including changes to the way the RPC operates.


In particular, service robotics is strongly tided to highly accurate navigational tasks where pathway tracking is a practice commonly carried out through control algorithms. This study proposes theoretical non-linear pathways presented as kth-degree polynomials as model references. Our proposal establishes a proportional control with a variable model reference at the level of second order derivatives to which the robot's motion is adapted on-line. The robot's fixed frame Cartesian trajectory model is inversely transformed to wheels' angular acceleration components, which are the reference models. Although, our proposal may be applied to any type of wheeled robot's kinematic structure, we are presenting an example of two active wheels with differential velocity modality. Obtained results raised from successful experimental practice and numerical simulations as well, which depict the capability of the proposed model control.


Background: Tissue removal per vaginally in laproscopic hysterectomy can be challenging with large uterine size, nulliparous status, associated ovarian mass/pelvic adhesions/endometriosis; causing increase in operation time, increased blood loss and opting for alternate methods to remove the specimen such as mini-laparotomy, manual morcellation or using a power morcellator, bisection or distortion of the uterine specimen. A careful pre-operative analysis of certain parameters that would influence the easy vaginal extraction of the uterine specimen in TLH is required in order to reduce the rates of conversion and risk of morcellation. Objective: To analyze different parameters and create a scoring system to predict the removal of an intact uterine specimen in laparoscopic hysterectomy. Method: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady in department of OBG over 1 year (Jan-Dec, 2018) irrespective of the indication the extraction of specimen was attempted vaginally, intact/ bisection or coring of uterus was soughted. Various parameters were evaluated based on preoperative history, clinical examination, ultrasound and intraoperative findings and outcome. The final outcome of the uterine specimen during the surgery was assessed and determined as intact or distorted. Potential predictor for an intact specimen was selected. Their cutoff points were derived and based on that a score was derived. Result: 100 patients underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy during the study period (JanDec, 2018); out of which 73 specimens were extracted vaginally intact, whereas 27 were either bisected or distorted.1)Selection of potential predictors: Using chi square test and independent t test(for continuous variables), pathology(p<0.001), removal of adnexa(p=0.046), postmenopausal status(p=0.030), uterine width(p<0.001) and uterine size (<0.001) was found to be significant. 2) Cutoff points for the potential predictors: Using ROC curve analysis, cutoff of 7.85cm for uterine width and 11 weeks for uterine size was derived.3) Using the significant variables, score was created. Using the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.877 with the cutoff value of the score being 2. Conclusion: Scoring systems makes it easier for the surgeon to make an appropriate decision whether a patient will be suitable for laparoscopy or abdominal hysterectomy without converting or distorting the uterine specimen. Our scoring system was created from variables that are available as a preoperative workup of any patient undergoing hysterectomy; making it an easier tool to use. Further research and study on a larger population may be required to validate the score and assess its sensitivity and specificity.


Excitation signals are crucial in defining the duration and quality of the final impedance spectrum measurement. Conventionally, impedance spectroscopy is carried out using a sine frequency sweep or a multisine. However, for measurement systems where only a binary excitation is possible, such as online DC/DC converters, the choice of the excitation signals becomes very limited. This paper compares several binary excitation sequences for Li-ion battery diagnosis and different binarization methods of multisine. It is shown that impedance spectra based on Multifrequency Binary Sequences (MBS) optimized by Evolutionary Role Playing Game Theory crest factor optimization method and based on Sign or $\Delta\Sigma$ modulation outperform those made using PRBS or chirp signal, owing to their 14x higher SNR. Linear Kramers Kronig was used to check the deviation, showing that MBS-Sign has an RMS deviation of 53.69 ppm, followed by MBS $A\Sigma$ at 89.39ppm, then MBS PWM at 145.41 ppm, then signum chirp at 0.51 % and finally PRBS at 1.51 %. Therefore MBS based on sign, whose result is very comparable to multisine's, is recommended for Li-ion battery diagnosis


Preparation polylysine group attached to the diaphragm. The present invention is the use of high purity polylysine slides were processed on to the slide surface to form a high density film lysine molecules, thereby obtaining a high attraction force polylysine attached diaphragm group, can be directly applied to a variety of morphological experiments were.


A prospective study of 40-59 year-old males from one of the Moscow districts has shown the correlation between newly developed cases of arterial hypertension and blood pressure level, blood lipids, body weight, smoking. Complex informative index of the above parameters for possible hypertension development is being analyzed. The most informative criteria have been stated and the prognostic value of the index for possible hypertension development has been established.


This paper presents a radial basis ART-map and its application to classification problems. In order to classify input data, the system generates radial basis categories. Two key parameters can control the number and size of the categories. Performing numerical experiments for two types of traditional expectant mothers, we have investigated effects of key parameters on the classification functions.


One of the most fundamental problems of today's economies is regional development differences. One of the most important instruments for eleminating developmental differences is energy sources. Energy resources are divided into two parts,  nonrenewable and renewable. The danger of extinction in sources like non-renewable energy sources such as oil and natural gas has led economic structures to concentrate on renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. In this context, renewable energy sources have become important both in macro and regional development. In this study, the role of renewable energy resources in regional development has been analyzed in the case of Eastern anatolia region. The empirical findings of the study show that both Turkey and the Eastern anatolia region have significant potential in terms of renewable energy sources, but that they do not make enough use of energy resources.


Some of the engineering approaches taken at TFTR for the tritium control systems are discussed as the requirements being placed on the tritium systems by the operating scenarios of the Tokamak. The tritium control systems presently being designed for TFTR will limit the annual release to the environment to less than 100 curies. (MHR)


Experiments were conducted to investigate the growth performance of two broiler parent stocks of foreign origin reared in open-sided houses following restricted feeding programme. One hundred seventy seven and 120 day-old broiler parent chicks belonging to strain A and B, respectively were reared at Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm in two different trials from day-old to commencement of laying. Compound balanced parent feeds were offered to chicks and feed allocation was controlled at the end of each week during 3–22 weeks of age and then fortnightly on the basis of comparison between target body weight and achieved body weight. Body weight and feed consumption data were compared with their respective standards. Flock uniformity was calculated and evaluated from 8 weeks prior to the point of pre-breeder period (22 weeks). Livability data were also evaluated. It can be concluded from the observations that (i) target body weight of broiler parent stocks of foreign origin was close to the standard under Bangladesh conditions; (ii) flock uniformity was either acceptable or close to the acceptable value particularly for females but varied between sex; (iii) sexual maturity was delayed inspite of achievement of body weight close to the target; (iv) the effect of stress on growth and uniformity may be minimized in open-sided houses but difficult to eliminate completely under Bangladesh conditions and (v) livability during the rearing period was satisfactory.


This report summarizes our current understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the natural cycling of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) in the surface ocean. Because the physics of mixing at the ocean surface creates the essential framework for the chemistry and biology, and because the literature on surface ocean mixing is extensive, a major focus of the report is to review existing mixed layer models for the upper ocean and their implementation in global ocean circulation models. Three families of mixed layer models have been developed. The integrated turbulent kinetic energy'' (TKE) models construct a budget for surface ocean TKE, using the wind stress as source and dissipation as sink for TKE. The shear instability'' models maintain profiles of current velocity resulting from the wind stress. Turbulence closure'' models are the most general and the most complicated of the three types, and are based on laboratory studies of fluid turbulence. This paper explores behavioral distinctions between the three types of models, and summarizes previously published comparisons of the generality, accuracy, and computational requirements of the three models. The application of mixed layer models to treatment of sea ice is also reviewed. 101 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.


The design of Doherty power amplifier (DPA) using load-pull X-parameter model is demonstrated in this paper. A 10 W GaN HEMT transistor is employed for the PA designing. As soon as the X-parameter model is extracted, its performance is validated. Compared with the circuit model provided by the device manufacture, the used X-parameters gives an excellent prediction. The region of the load Smith chart leads to optimal output power and drain efficiency (DE) can be accurately identified as critical to amplifier design. The input and output matching networks are designed using a Chebyshev low-pass architecture, and a step-im-pedance converter structure is used to design the output synthesis network. Finally, a DPA was designed and fabricated. The realized DPA achieves a saturation output power over 41 dBm in the frequency band of 1.4 GHz – 1.6 GHz, a saturation DE over 58%, and 6dB output power back-off (OBO) efficiency over 46%. The comparison between the measured results of the realized DPA and the used load-pull X-parameter model is also given, and it shows that the X-parameter model can be applied for DPA designing with high-fidelity.


The determination of the total resistance to penetration of the annular drill into the soil is based on the concept of changing the elastic state of the soil during its compaction, which is defined by the compression modulus of soil deformation. This parameter comprises all the physical and mechanical properties of each type of soil and makes it possible to specify the laws of the normal pressure of penetration resistance acting on the surface of the conical and cylindrical parts of the working body. The proposed theoretical models of processes occurring during penetration of the annular drill into the soil give s an opportunity to determine the influence of the parameters on the resistance force for each working procedure, depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. It has been found that the maximum length of the annular drill is determined for the conditions of soil movement (unplugged condition), which, for example, with a cylinder diameter of 28 mm, is 0.87 m, 1.04 m and 1.16 m respectively for sandy clay, semi-solid loam and tough clay. It is now clear that a 2-fold increase in the internal diameter leads to an increase in the core length of 1.75 times. It has been determined that the two-cone drill does not facilitate passage of soil through itself and it causes soil plugging as well as formation of soil plugs on the frontal planes, which leads to an increase in drag force. Therefore, to provide unplugged conditions during pipe jacking, the drill with a single external cone should be used. The obtained results of the work can be used to substantiate the rational parameters of the working equipment for creating a horizontal borehole in different types of soils.


It is often the case that datasets are imbalanced in the real world. In this situation, it is minimizing misclassification costs rather than classification accuracy that is the primary goal of classification algorithms. To tackle this problem and improve the performance of classifiers, sampling is widely employed. In this paper, we propose a new diversity-based under-sampling technique for class-imbalanced datasets. The key idea is to balance a data set by choosing only the potential informative samples of the majority class according to diversity of class probability calculation. The experimental results on 5 class-imbalanced datasets show that our method performs better than two existing sampling techniques in terms of total misclassification costs.


: We present simulation results employing overlap fermions for the axial correlation functions in the ǫ -regime of chiral perturbation theory. In this regime, finite size effects and topology play a dominant rˆole. Their description by quenched chiral perturbation theory is compared to our numerical results in quenched QCD. We show that lattices with a linear extent L > 1 . 1 fm are necessary to interpret the numerical data obtained in distinct topological sectors in terms of the ǫ -expansion. Such lattices are, however, still substantially smaller than the ones needed in standard chiral perturbation theory. How-ever, we also observe severe difficulties at very low values of the quark mass, in particular in the topologically trivial sector.


E1101, a new oral cephalosporin, has a (N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)methyl group at the C-3 position of the cephem nucleus. The previous methods for manufacturing 3-(N,N-disubstituted carbamoyloxy)methyl cephems generate various amounts of intractable Δ 2 isomers as by-products. In this report, we describe a new, practical synthetic method for cephems of this type without generating Δ 2 isomers, via 7-acylamino-3-(4-nitrophenoxy-carbonyloxy)methyl-Δ 3 -cephem-4-carboxylic acid (5) as a key intermediate.


A survey of 200 male and female rice farmers in irrigated low land rice areas of Can Tho province revealed that more than half of the male and female farmers interviewed could identify weedy rice which is locally called "lua lon" and one fourth of them called them as "lua ma". A higher proportion of the male farmers (51%) than female farmers (44%) could identify two types of weedy rice. They were able to differentiate different types of weedy rice based on the presence of awn and awn length, shattering characteristics, leaf color and time of flowering. Both male and female farmers observed a higher occurrence of weedy rice during the SpringSummer season when farmers do not till their lands. Female farmers estimated that weedy rice could reduce rice yields by 40%. There is no gender difference in the beliefs of weedy rice biology and management, except that more male farmers than female strongly believe that weedy rice is always shattering and that early flooding does not affect weedy rice infestation. Because of the long-term experience of female farmers in rice farming, particularly in weed management, their beliefs and management practices do not differ with men. Thus, training and extension programs should include both male and female farmers in activities related to integrated methods for weed and weedy rice management. 1 Cuu long Delta Rice Research Institute, Omon, Cantho, Vietnam 2 International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines. INTRODUCTION Weedy rice is a serious weed in the rice field in over 50 countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It is undesirable for farmers and the consumers (Noldin 1998). The spread of weedy rice is almost always as contaminant in rice seed from cultivated varieties. In tropical area like Vietnam where wild rices exist in waste land or along the canal, weedy rices are the progenies of crosses between wild species and cultivated rices. The seeds of weedy rices increase over time with self regeneration to ensure the future reinfestation. The yield of rice fields can be reduced because the key morphological trait of easy grain shattering makes these weedy rice no longer harvestable upon ripening (Bakar et al., 1989). In Vietnam, weedy rice is becoming a new pest particularly in direct seeded rice areas. Controlling weedy rices is difficult because there is no effective selected herbicide to eradicate them completely. According to Baker et.al. (1998), weedy rices will continue to evolve morphologically by inter-crossing with modern cultivars, making them difficult to control chemically. The adoption of new technologies is quite low due to some social, economic and technical factors (Chin et.al. 1998). Hand weeding or pulling weedy rices has been a traditional method for eradicating this pest. Since weeding efficiencies will depend on knowledge, beliefs and abilities to recognize the weedy rice plants, understanding gender differences can help in targeting extension and training programs. Truong Thi Ngoc Chi et al. 102 This paper examines whether there are gender differences in beliefs and practices of rice farmers' management of weedy rice in the Mekong Delta.


A description of coal exporting terminals of Australia is given. The design of new terminals with an emphasis on through-put is discussed. A listing of projects under construction is included. Information given on ports includes the number of berths, the maximum loading rate, the depth at berths, the nominal vessel size, and the nominal capacity.


This report details the findings from initial research seeking to improve the pedagogical confidence of pre-service STEM teachers by encouraging emotional literacy in the form of affect awareness. The report discusses how affect was measured for the study, what the affect outcomes were and how these measures are conceptually related to improving confidence for the pre-service teachers (PSTs). Findings indicate enhanced emotional feedback enabled the PSTs to analyse, understand and make use of affect information to reflect on their teaching confidence overall. Ongoing research will need to address the issue of negative affect awareness in teacher training, and strategies for approaching this issue are provided.


Presented the experience of four successful liver transplants in Bashkiria shows the possibility of full social and medical rehabilitation and save the lives of patients with terminal liver disease. Undoubtedly, these operations should be performed in specialized centers with expertise in liver surgery, vascular surgery, renal transplantation and management of patients after organ transplantation. According to the complexity, technical complexity, and trauma surgery for liver transplantation is justly considered the most complex surgery on abdominal organs and require special conditions. The clinics must be qualified transplant and resuscitation-anesthesia care team of doctors, modern diagnostic and surgical equipment and advanced laboratory services.


We investigated possible double usage of seven herb al taxa in balcony boxes, which were selected for ornamental purposes . We focused on drug content of the plants besides m easuring growth data. We planted the same taxa to open ground conditions as a control group. Six taxa among the investigated seven ones are suitable for double usage. The harvested herbals had generally better quality and higher drug content compared to the con trol group. Origanum vulgare L. 'Country Cream' is the exception: it doesn't seem to be suitable fo r this purpose, because it proved to be very sensit ive to sunburn in both vegetation periods. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss convar. foliosum 'Moha- fodrozatu' produced less drug in balcony box, but i ts volatile oil concentration was above the control group's. Ocimum basilicum L. 'Zoldgomb' grew 1.5-2 fold bigger in balcony box, t han in open ground. As a result drug production was outstanding, volati le oil concentration reached at least 0.5 ml/100g value from the second harvest. In the case of Thymus ◊ citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. 'Aureus' volatile oil content was also higher in balcony box . There was a similar tendency at A Salvia offici- nalis L. 'Purpurascens' but the difference was not signi ficant (its habitat was nicer in open ground. At Allium schoenoprasum L. we didn't se reasonable difference between balco ny box and open ground groups . Satureja montana L. provided most intensive growth and drug producti on during first part of the second vegetation period; its volatile oil cont ent was always the same as the published literature data.


Aim: To report a rare presentation of a large scleral nodule with bilateral disc edema as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective interventional case report. Results: A 58-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of nodular scleritis. Slit-lamp examination showed a large scleral nodule superiorly in the right eye. Fundus showed bilateral disc edema. High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax showed mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Transbronchial lymph node biopsy showed epitheloid granulomas. The scleral nodule and disc edema resolved at 6 weeks with oral steroids. Conclusions: This case highlights a rare presentation of a large scleral nodule with bilateral disc edema as the initial manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis.


The amount of Pb in sea water was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The experimental conditions such as pH, concentrations of KHB_4, flow rate, lamp current and the height of atomizer were optimized. The linear range is of 0—80ng/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999, precision of 3%, accuracy of 101% and recovery of 95%—97.5%. The method is simple, sensitive, reliable, less interference, and suitable for the determination of Pb in sea water.


A 100 watt class AMTEC advanced radioisotope power system (ARPS) is currently under development. Several design concepts have been proposed for this system class. These systems have been described in recent literature. Two ground test systems have now been developed for generic performance testing in support of both the flight cell development and the spacecraft system design. Both systems use an electrically heated graphite block to simulate the General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS). This allows the experiment to simulate the performance characteristics expected from the proposed ARPS designs. One ground test system uses an 8-cell array arranged on one face of the heater block. A second system uses a 4-cell array on one face of a similar GPHS block. System heat losses are controlled using a combination of Min-K insulating blocks and multi-layer molybdenum vacuum foil insulation. A standard 6-tube, PX-5 cell design configuration, under development at AMPS, was selected for the 8-cell system. A 5-tube PX-3 AM...


Using the different adsorption properties of ssDNA and dsDNA to GO, this study used a real time and efficient fluorescence assay to detect the enzymatic activity of the Klenow fragment with the adsorbed DNA to GO. Results showed that adsorption of fluorescein-tagged ssDNA to GO resulted in fluorescence quenching and DNA was released from GO by adding complementary DNA. In addition, fluorescence restoration was increased through a polymerization reaction by the Klenow fragment in the presence of a fluorescein-attached template, GO, and primer. Gel electrophoresis was conducted to confirm the hybridization and DNA polymerization reactions on GO.


LI Xian's phonetic notation in Hou Han Shu may be classified into six parts. An analysis of each part indicates LI Xian's intention and basis for his notation. Precisely evaluating the academic value of the six parts of LI Xian's phonetic notation is of great significance to studies on the phonetics system in Tang Dynasty.


The perception and identification of visual stimuli from the environment is a fundamental capacity of autonomous mobile robots. Current deep learning techniques make it possible to identify and segment objects of interest in an image. This paper presents a novel algorithm to segment the object's space from a deep segmentation of an image taken by a 3D camera. The proposed approach solves the boundary pixel problem that appears when a direct mapping from segmented pixels to their correspondence in the point cloud is used. We validate our approach by comparing baseline approaches using real images taken by a 3D camera, showing that our method outperforms their results in terms of accuracy and reliability. As an application of the proposed algorithm, we present a semantic mapping approach for a mobile robot's indoor environments.


Freshwater scarcity is increasing across many parts of the globe; to meet this demand, seawater desalination is the best choice, and the electrical energy consumption is escalating due to urbanization and industrialization. Sustainable production of electricity and freshwater can be met by an integrating photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module with stepped solar still (SSS). The present study focuses on the theoretical modeling of the PVT-SSS desalination system for evaluating thermal efficiency, energy efficiency, freshwater productivity, and electrical power generation. The solar still productivity will be influenced by the depth of water, insulation thickness, glass cover material, thickness and inclination, and operational factors like preheating the input water supply and water salinity. A comparative analysis has been made of summer, winter, and rainy climatic conditions of Vellore town (12.9165° N, 79.1325° E), Tamil Nadu. In the present work, a thermodynamic model based on mass and energy balance is developed for the PVT-SSS system, and it is solved by a numerical method. A Runge-Kutta technique of 4th order is employed using a Python program for solving the thermodynamic simulation model. The results from the model depict that for summer, winter, and rainy climatic seasons, the freshwater productivity of PV/T-SSS was determined to be 12.18 kg/m2day, 6.67 kg/m2day, and 2.77 kg/m2day. Also, it is found that electrical efficiency for summer, winter, and rainy seasons is 8.91%, 9.135%, and 9.53%, respectively. A maximum and minimum freshwater production of 1668 kg/m2 and 1218 kg/m2 are observed for a depth of 2 cm and 5 cm, respectively.


In the present paper two different electromagnetic field calculation methods are compared with measured data for the magnetic shielding of current conductors, in order to check their accuracy and reliability. The applied methods are the effective reluctivity method and the R-functions method. As it can be seen from the determined results, both methods give similar results for the field inside the shielding material and in the surrounding air.


Few records of spring paleoclimate are available for boreal Canada, as biological proxies recording the beginning of the warm season are uncommon. Given the spring warming observed during the last decades, and its impact on snowmelt and hydrological processes, searching for spring climate proxies is receiving increasing attention. Tree‐ring anatomical features and intra‐annual widths were used to reconstruct the regional March to May mean air temperature from 1770 to 2016 in eastern boreal Canada. Nested principal component regressions calibrated on 116 years of gridded temperature data were developed from one Fraxinus nigra and 10 Pinus banksiana sites. The reconstruction indicated three distinct phases in spring temperature variability since 1770. Ample phases of multi‐decadal warm and cold springs persisted until the end of the Little Ice Age (1850–1870 CE) and were gradually replaced since the 1940s by decadal to interannual variability associated with an increase in the frequency and magnitude of warm springs. Significant correlations with other paleotemperature records, gridded snow cover extent and runoff support that historical high flooding were associated with late, cold springs with heavy snow cover. Most of the high magnitude spring floods reconstructed for the nearby Harricana River also coincided with the lowest reconstructed spring temperature per decade. However, the last 40 years of observed and reconstructed mean spring temperature showed a reduction in the number of extreme cold springs contrasting with the last few decades of extreme flooding in the eastern Canadian boreal region. This result indicates that warmer late spring mean temperatures on average may contribute, among other factors, to advance the spring break‐up and to likely shift the contribution of snow to rain in spring flooding processes.


Social media is being increasingly weaponized by state-backed actors to elicit reactions, push narratives and sway public opinion. These are known as Information Operations (IO). The covert nature of IO makes their detection difficult. This is further amplified by missing data due to the user and content removal and privacy requirements. This work advances the hypothesis that the very reactions that Information Operations seek to elicit within the target social systems can be used to detect them. We propose an Interval-censored Transformer Hawkes (IC-TH) architecture and a novel data encoding scheme to account for both observed and missing data. We derive a novel log-likelihood function that we deploy together with a contrastive learning procedure. We showcase the performance of IC-TH on three real-world Twitter datasets and two learning tasks: future popularity prediction and item category prediction. The latter is particularly significant. Using the retweeting timing and patterns solely, we can predict the category of YouTube videos, guess whether news publishers are reputable or controversial and, most importantly, identify state-backed IO agent accounts. Additional qualitative investigations uncover that the automatically discovered clusters of Russian-backed agents appear to coordinate their behavior, activating simultaneously to push specific narratives.


The detection of faces in an image is a subject often studied in computer vision literature. The algorithm which allowed face detection, imposing new standards in this area, was the Viola – Jones algorithm. In this paper, a practical implementation of a face detector based on ViolaJones algorithm using Matlab cascade object detector is presented. Employing the system type object vision. Cascade Object Detector, eight face detectors were developed using the train Cascade Object Detector function and tuning the number of cascade layer and the False Alarm Rate. For different tuning parameters, the performances of the face detectors were analyzed.


Objective To investigate the relationship of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARγ)C161T gene polymorphism with related diseases of metabolic syndrome. To disscuss the mechanism of the elderly diseases from gene level and the relation between the gene polymorphism and lipid metabolism. Methods Three hundred seventy one non-sibship subjects of Han nationality were investigated in this study, including 69 old healthy subjects, 302 elderly cases diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. PPARγ C161T gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, and radioimmunoassay was used to detect serum insulin. The insulin resistance was obtained from homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and blood glucose, blood lipoprotein, height, weight and so on were tested. The frequencies of PPARγ C161T genotypes and the allele were compared with the clinical data. Results (1) In the groups of old normal health and metabolic syndrome, "T" allele frequency was 0.217,0.201, and "C" allele frequency was 0.783, 0.798 . There was no significant difference between the groups. (2)The triglyceride in CC genotypes of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than that in "T" allele carriers. Conclusions (1) The distributing trend of PPAR γ C161T gene polymorphism of the Han nationality in Wuhan in the elderly normal healthy group was in accord with that in the group of the elderly metabolic syndrome. (2) PPAR γ C161T substitution can influence metabolic syndrome, especially in liporprotain metabolism. "T" allele is associated with lower level of triglyceride.


The author investigates Lie algebras which contain elements the squares of whose adjoint endomorphisms are zero. The basic theory is used, in particular, to improve the proof of the local nilpotence of Engel Lie algebras. Bibliography: 3 titles.


The reactor is an extreme environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high radiation dose. Damage accumulates in structural materials over service time. It will eventually lead to material failure, such as hardening, embrittlement, and swelling. The radiation damage accumulation is an inherent, complex, and multiscale process, which has been studied extensively with multiscale modeling and simulation methods. The rapid development of high-performance computing makes it possible to accurately operate multiscale simulation for the microstructure evolution of irradiated reactor materials. The European Union, the USA, and China have put great effort into this, and many related works have been carried out. This paper first outlines the basic application of multiscale modeling and simulation technology in understanding the effects of radiation on reactor structural materials. Then, some relevant projects carried out by the USA, the European Union, and China in recent years are summarized. Next, the paper focuses on three widely used simulation techniques at different scales: molecular dynamics, kinetic Monte Carlo, and cluster dynamics. For each method, some key developments in algorithms and computer implementations are reviewed. Finally, the comparison between them is discussed.


Low operating temperature SOFCs permit a larger range of choices for materials, higher durability, and less volume and mass of a SOFC system. However, the low operating temperature poses a difficulty for the reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel: external reforming and internal reforming (IR). In this work, we develop a numerical model for simulating an indirect internal reforming section to introduce effects of the electrochemical promotion and coupling between selective anode catalysts and selective cathode catalysts in the catalyst pack in a planar solid oxide fuel cell operating at an intermediate temperature. The model employs a simplified geometrical model of an indirect internal reforming section in the anode chamber of the planar solid oxide fuel cell. However, the model includes very complicated combination of conventional reforming processes, electrochemical promotion and coupling. The model is simulated by using an in-house computer code. The results predict that the electrochemical promotion and coupling in a microscopic scale can enable a significant reforming and production of hydrogen at a relatively low temperature (500°C) with different conditions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


To the Editor, We would like to thank our colleagues Fehlberg and da Silveira (referred to as the authors) for their interest in our recent article and expressing their questions. The topic of impacted maxillary canines remains an interesting subject in clinical orthodontic research. Being able to predict maxillary canine impaction at an early age would be the ultimate desire of many orthodontists in clinical practice. The first question the authors address relates to the origin of and number contained in the retrospectively assembled test data set. As explained in the Methods and Materials section, a total of 828 patients were selected based on the presence of 2 panoramic images taken between the age of 7 and 14 years, with a minimum of 1-year interval and a maximum of 3-year interval (T1 and T2). After exclusion of 712 patients, 116 patients remained, of whom 30 patients showed unilateral maxillary canine impaction, constituting the training data set. Furthermore 30 patients, matched for age and gender, were selected from the remaining 86 records and displaying bilateral canine eruption at T2. In total, the test data set would consist of 60 subjects with a total of 90 normally erupting canines; 30 contralateral canines of the training data set and 60 canines that displayed bilateral eruption at T2. We hope this explains what the numbers mentioned in the article stand for. The second question relates to the quantitative measurements performed on the panoramic radiographs and reported in the Results section. We think the authors might have misunderstood what is written in Paragraph 2. It is stated that for the impacted canine group (training data set), the canine position to the midline remained the same between T1 and T2. It is also stated that the contralateral canine became more upright (angle to the midline decreased on an average with 12° in the test data set with normal erupting canines). It is a usual finding that the canine becomes more upright during eruption. The next finding was the decrease of the angle between the canine and lateral incisors in the impacted canine group, which was on an average 13° and mostly owing to a further uprighting of the canine and partly also owing to the lateral incisor root in the training data set. Oppositely, the angle between the canine and lateral incisor seemed to increase slightly in the test data set, often owing to a more mesial inclination of the lateral incisor root. One has to remember that the data set was selected retrospectively from the university hospital database and that most panoramic radiographs at that age are taken in view of malocclusion concerns. In view of that, most of these patients do show some degree of arch length discrepancy and although we see spontaneous eruption of the canines, they do create some minor neighbouring tooth disturbances. Similarly for the angle between premolar and lateral incisor. Often at T1, the first premolar has just initiated root formation while the crown is more or less canted owing to the inadequacy of the available space in combination with the impacted canine. Premolar eruption as such will lead to reorientation and normalization of the premolar tooth angulation. The same mechanism as described above takes place, where canine eruption influences both lateral incisor and first premolar tooth orientation. Overall, one has to eventually keep in mind that there is a large variation in nature and together with the small sample size of the present study, it should not be surprising that for the presented values, a large variation and standard deviation exist, which sometimes may confuse the results. Although we may overlook cases and describe what is evaluated, there is still a need to perform more and prospective evaluations of this kind. The authors should be encouraged to set up such kind Correspondence to: Guy Willems. E-mail: email@example.com


Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is endemic to much of Latin America, but also present in the United States (U.S.) The goal of treatment is to eliminate the parasite and decrease the probability of cardiomyopathy and interrupt the cycle of disease transmission. Currently, only benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox are recognized by the World Health Organization as effective drugs for treatment of Chagas disease, but both present low cure rates in the chronic phase and often have serious side effects. T. cruzi infection produces an intense inflammatory response in several tissues which is critical for controlling parasites proliferation and evolution of Chagas disease. Compounds liberating nitric oxide (NO donors) have been used as therapeutic agents against T. cruzi. Here we test HNO donor, Angeli's salt (AS) in the outcome of T. cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. cruzi (Y strain, 5 × 103 trypomastigotes) intraperitoneally (ip). After 15 minutes of infection and the subsequent 12 days, the animals were treated with different concentrations of AS ip. The control group received 100 uL of PBS by the same route. Treatment with AS showed decreased parasitemia and in the number of nests in the cardiac tissue, decreased oxidative stress in erythrocytes and improved leukopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting in reduced disease severity. The in vitro treatment was able to reduce the parasite internalization rate and release of infective trypomastigotes by these cells. Our results suggest for the first time the therapeutic potential of AS in a mouse model of Chagas disease.


Mutations in the NOD2 gene predispose individuals to Crohn's Disease, Blau Syndrome, familial uveitis, and other diseases depending on the location of the mutation. NOD2 is a pattern recognition receptor for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of the bacterial peptidoglycan layer, as well as single stranded viral RNA. In most cases of Blau Syndrome, the mutations are found within the NOD/NACHT domain, which promotes NOD2 oligomerization, resulting in constitutive NF‐kB activation; however Blau syndrome and familial uveitis‐associated mutations outside the NOD/NACHT domain have not been well‐characterized. In this current study, three disease‐associated mutations that are found outside of the NOD/NACHT domain were created (E600A, T605P, and T605N) and compared to wild‐type (WT) NOD2, as well as to a NOD/NACHT domain mutation commonly found in Blau Syndrome (R334W). The objective of this study was to determine whether the non‐NOD/NACHT mutants (E600A, T605P, and T605N) activate NF‐kB in a similar manner as the R334W mutation. To this end, each mutant, WT NOD2, and a vector control were separately transfected into human embryonic kidney cells‐293 (HEK‐293). Transfected cells were incubated with or without MDP, followed by lysate preparation and Western blot analysis for NF‐kB activation. The results of this work provide insight into the effects of these non‐NOD/NACHT mutations on the NF‐kB pathway and suggest a means for therapeutic intervention. This work was supported by grants from Husson University and the Husson University School of Pharmacy.


costs of aggregate back pain were $14,701,417,650, work-related back pain were $2,643,650,647, and missed workdays back pain were $5,396,355,220. With regard to aggregate back pain, higher proportions of direct costs were incurred for office-based medical provider visits at $5,768,302,826 (mean = $68; 95% C.L. = $61 to $75), inpatient visits at $4,658,655,867 (mean = $10,016; 95% C.L. = $9,463 to $10,570), and outpatient visits at $2,050,207,343 (mean = $274; 95% C.L. = $204 to $345). Lower proportions of direct costs were incurred for prescriptions, home health visits, and emergency room visits. CONCLUSIONS: Direct costs associated with back pain are sizable. As direct costs of occupationally related back pain were substantially lower than total direct costs of $14.7 billion, Workman's Compensation claims may underestimate the true impact of back pain on medical care utilization and expenditure.


The effects of drum spacing, steam pressure and drum speed on drying rate of minced fish flesh on both single and double drum dryers were studied. Starch additions in the form of tapioca flour up to 2.5% have been found satisfactory for aiding in sheet formation at the doctor blade. When the retention time was adjusted to maintain a constant product moisture, the highest production rate was obtained at the smallest drum spacing and the highest steam pressure within the limits of experimental conditions considered. The operating conditions suitable for producing the flakes with 5% moisture were: 100 kPa (steam pressure), 0.1 mm (drum spacing) and 3 rpm (drum speed). The production rate and overall heat transfer coefficient under these conditions were hr and 950 respectively. The drying data were fitted well to the conventional drying model, namely , resulting in the various drying constants depending the operating conditions.


The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is a member of the Cyprinidae family, Silver carp have long been considered as an important species in Iran because they are easily available at low costs. In an assay to add value, the compounds were supplemented to produce fish chips. Fish chips can be equivalent fish crackers. 10 formulas were developed to produce fish chips from silver carp. Fish-based snacks were formulated with several compounds including mince (with different percentages), different types of flour (wheat, corn, peanuts, peas), wheat starch, fresh garlic, onions, spices (black pepper, paprika, curry, etc.), potatoes, salt and sugar. Then approximate analysis and sensory evaluations were conducted. As it was expected, the protein contents of the fried fish chips were lower than that of the dried fish chips. 10 formulas were evaluated by the panel group (10 people) based on a 7 point hedonic scale. Among the10 formulas, one formula gained the highest score in flavor, odor, color and texture preferences with the overall acceptability levels of 6.2, 7, 6.6, 7and 7 (7-point hedonic scale) respectively, which were significantly different at p < ( 0.05).


In this paper, we will discuss strategies we have used to assist pre-service social studies teachers with understanding and applying models and practices for effectively integrating technology into their future classrooms – thus strengthening the link between technology and pedagogy (or technological pedagogical content knowledge). Our efforts with pre-service teachers has been informed by our successes assisting in-service teachers with understanding how technology can empower inquiry-based teaching practices in social studies classrooms. Strategies for Preparing Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers to Effectively Integrate Technology: Models and Practices


The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the transportation sector, with changes expected to last for a long time. Following the reopening phases, increased use of private vehicles and continued avoidance of exposure to the infectious virus in public transportation exacerbated urban traffic and environmental problems. The paper aims to evaluate the impact of travel demand management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran. That city provided a unique case study because of its high COVID-19 contagion and death rates, traffic congestion, and lack of government restriction plans, which are common in developing countries. Four scenarios combining various travel demand management strategies were considered during the pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of considering the tradeoffs between different performance measures when selecting a suitable travel demand management strategy. Depending on the goals that decision-makers have set, the strategies may not be additive. While teleworking, e-learning, and rescheduling working hours all help reduce traffic congestion, the pricing strategy contributes significantly to meeting environmental and health goals. The findings also highlight the nonlinear pattern of change associated with each strategy.


A. Tröster,1,* S. Ehsan,1 K. Belbase,1 P. Blaha,1 J. Kreisel,2,3 and W. Schranz4 1Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Material Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Wien, Austria 2Department of Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg 3Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg 4University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (Received 29 November 2016; revised manuscript received 6 February 2017; published 27 February 2017)


We use the transmission line modeling (TLM) technique to model the saturation of the gain in a microchannel plate. To this purpose we represent a generic channel multiplier by a distributed constant, unidimensional electrical network in which the internal structure of the channel wall is neglected. This network is analyzed with the TLM method, i.e. with the techniques developed for transmission lines and a simple system of time-dependent, nonlinear differential equations is derived. Then we consider the system in steady-state conditions and, by introducing a rational approximation of the nonlinear gain equation, we derive an exact analytical solution from which the gain and the voltage along the channel multiplier can be easily computed. Finally the model is used to fit a set of experimental data taken with a MCP photomultiplier, finding that the derived equations describe with satisfactory accuracy the measured data.


In a previous publication we described an experimental form of pneumococcal meningitis in dogs, which was produced by introduction of type III pneumococci into the subarachnoid space through a small midline burr hole placed equidistant between the coronal and occipital sutures (1). The infection produced in this manner involved the entire neuraxis and, with the exception of marked changes in the spinal cord, closely resembled that found in man. It seems unlikely, however, that entry from the external environment is the only means by which bacteria enter the subarachnoid space. An alternative possibility is that the meninges are infected by way of the blood stream. The present paper is concerned with the development of meningitis during pneumococcal bacteremia in dogs. With the exception of the early report by Bull (2) that intravenous administration of pneumococci to dogs was followed by meningitis, in most studies intravenous injection of a variety of microorganisms into rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and cats has not resulted in infection of the meninges (3-7). Weed, Wegeforth, Ayer and Felton (6, 8), however, regularly observed meningitis when cats were subjected to lumbar puncture during bacteremia with Aerobacter aerogenes, an encapsulated, gram-negative bacillus. Control animals given twice as many organisms but not subjected to lumbar puncture remained well. Infection developed only when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was removed 30 minutes before or after the injection of bacteria, and meningitis did not develop when lumbar puncture was performed outside this 30-minute interval. Infected animals generally became sick within 24 hours and died 24 to 48 hours later. A. aerogenes was used in


The present invention is to provide a vacuum sealing method of an air cavity package using UV epoxy. The purpose of the present invention is to restrain an increase in the inner pressure of a package due to high temperature in a post process of surface mounting in order to improve the reliability at the high temperate by making the inner part of an air cavity package vacuum, to prevent the error of an air path in a hardening process according to an increase in the inner pressure of a thermocompression bonding type package, to realize a simple manufacturing process, and to improve productivity.


As there is a huge demand for the development and characterisation of proper Adhesives and Bone cements in the field of orthopaedic surgery which is used to fix the Prosthesis.We have taken this opportunity which is available in the field of orthopaedic surgery to characterise the mechanical properties of the Adhesive made of Cyanoacrylate and Bone Cements made of Poly Methyl Methacrylate(PMMA).The basic Static Testings like Tensile and Shear were made on the ASTM standard specimens of Cow Bones which is being fixed using the above mentioned Adhesive and Bone Cements.Almost 30 pairs of bones were machined in order to have the mechanical testings. A comparison study is made between the Adhesives and Bone Cements on it's efficiency of Adhering to the bone.A Cohesive Zone Model for the bones which is fixed by Adhesives and Bone cements is also developed in ANSYS.


Combined with common water reducing agent,it introduces major influencing factors checking method and improvement measures of adaptability of admixture and cement,which beginning from conception of adaptability,and can be referred for construction of engineering.


Study on permeability distribution of coalface is of guiding significance in reasonable exploitation of gas.An equivalent mechanical model is established by simplifying the characteristics of pores and cracks.From the establishment of the equivalent mechanical model for a standard cylindrical coal-rock specimen,the equivalent formulas for axial,radial and volumetric strains are derived for coal-rock samples containing a single crack,and then are extended to the application in a variety of media combinations containing multiple cracks.The theoretical mechanical model shows good reliability by experimental verification.Based on the prototype of 11-2 coal seam mining face of Zhangji Mine in Huainan,the peak concentration factors of abutment pressure under three typical mining layouts are obtained by numerical calculation.An expression for the distribution of abutment pressure and horizontal stress is derived considering different mining layouts,different stages and volume expansion induced by mining.By establishing a polynomial relationship between volumetric strain and permeability,the distribution of volumetric strain and permeability under different mining layouts is obtained,and divided into different stages according to their various characteristics.It may provide a theoretical basis for the coal mine methane.


Data on sex differences in morbidity are summarized: explanations are sought in the methods of data collection. It is shown that sex differences in morbidity are affected by data collection processes. It is suggested that these effects are a function of variation in the social norms that govern the behaviour of men and women when confronted with physical discomfort, health interviews and medical practitioners.