4-Methylene-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one (MBDOON), an α-substituted cyclic styrene derivative, was synthesized and polymerized readily with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator in solution. The kinetics of the MBDOON homopolymerization with AIBN was investigated in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The rate of polymerization, Rp, can be expressed by Rp − k[AIBN]0.52[MBDOON]1.1 and the overall activation energy has been calcualted to be 75.7 kJ/mol. Monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization of MBDOON (M2) with styrene (M1) are r1 = 0.31 and r2 = 3.20, from which Q and e values of MBDOON can be calculated as 3.0 and −0.7, respectively. Ring-substituted MBDOON monomers such as 6-chloro, 6-methyl, and 7-methoxy derivatives were synthesized and polymerized with AIBN. The 6-substituted MBDOON's readily underwent radical polymerization while the 7-methoxy-MBDOON was slower to polymerize. Poly(MBDOON) is predominantly heterotactic. (rr = 35, mr = 46, and mm = 19%). The polymer releases carbon dioxide at about 200°C and is converted with some depolymerization to poly[(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetylene]. The thermolysis temperature is very much affected by the ring substituent. The onset of carbon dioxide liberation was observed at 140°C in the case of the 7-methoxyl derivative while the 6-substituents had a smaller effect on the decarboxylation temperature. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


An algorithm for computing the electromagnetic propagation modes and their associated propagation constants (i.e., the loss and phase shift per length) is rigorously developed for uniform cables. The conductors (including the shield, if present) are assumed to have circular cross sections and to be covered by two layers of dielectric insulation. By means of the algorithm, it is now possible to compute the propagation parameters of uniform cables for all frequencies below the microwave range. The algorithm consists of calculating the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a certain matrix, which are the set of conductor voltages of the modes and the associated propagation constants, respectively. The matrix in question is computed by methods developed in a companion paper on charge densities.


This article takes for its subject a small piece of land on the southern banks of the middle Orange River, which has been known in the last few decades as 'Orania'. A human history of its longue duree is presented, tracking the relationship between people and land, from San occupation right up to the introduction of individualist understandings of private property by European settlers. This is a history of dispossession that carries on into the twentieth century, when the land in question became state-owned before reverting, again, to private ownership. Using interviews, newspaper articles and existing official records, this article then recounts a little-known event: the dispossession of a small squatter community in Orania between 1989 and 1991. After this 'removal', Orania was transformed into a small Afrikaner volkstaat, a place exclusively white and Afrikaans. In 2005, the new community discovered that the town's previous inhabitants had lodged a land claim with the Commission on Restitution of Land ...


FIELD: aviation. SUBSTANCE: modular space vehicle (SV) includes onboard equipment box, one of the boxes contains the SV service equipment, and the other box contains the target equipment and sensors of the control system command and control instruments. The target equipment unit is integrated with the service system unit via three hinged supports. The service system unit is attached to the system of separation through the plate, and there are three hinges between the service system unit body and the fixing plate to the separation system. The basis of the service system unit power structure is a triangular prism, hinges are located in the corners of its bases. The SV separation system is attached to the carrier rocket upper-stage rocket transitional farm at three points, lying on the rays - continuations of the lateral edges of the power prism. EFFECT: ensured minimization of mechanical stress caused by thermal expansion and narrowing in the bodies of space vehicle modules. 5 cl, 3 dwg


The Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Philology of the Philological Faculty at Lomonosov Moscow State University was established in 1996. The Staff of the Department includes professors and lecturers of all levels who are specialized in Greek studies. The program of the Department contains a series of courses related to Greek culture from antiquity to modern times. The article deals with the department's programs. The whole course is planned to give to students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge of Greek philology and Greek culture throughout their studying course. In addition to the teaching aspects, there is a description of the scientific skills and work of the department.


This paper aims to empirically investigate the ability of five academic risk measures, i.e., Working Capital Accruals (WC_ACC), Beneish's MSCORE, Dechow et al.'s FSCORE, the Modified Jones Model (DSS) and Pustylnik's Combined Algorithm Score, to detect and predict audit report qualifications within the Egyptian context. In addition, seven firm characteristics used as control variables are evaluated in the strength of the association between the academic risk measures and such phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is one of the first attempts to address such a relationship in the Egyptian context. The findings indicate that none of the academic risk measures has an incremental explanatory power to detect and predict audit qualifications. However, the control variables including the audit firm type, firm's ownership type, the consecutive year losses of the firm and the size of the company can be used as a cheap forecasting alternative in detecting and predicting the audit qualification in the context of Egypt. Furthermore, receiving a qualified audit report is not a reliable signal of earning management.


Aim: To evaluate optimal standard intraocular lens power for Nepalese eye camp cataract patients. Method: A retrospective case series of 5109 preoperative cataract patients. Results: Average axial length of 23.08 (SD 1.26). Average dioptre intraocular lens power 21.37 (3.04). Conclusion: An increase in the intraocular lens power used at Nepalese eye camps from +21.0 to 22.5 dioptres would improve overall visual outcome.


With the development of teaching reform,many new measures have been taken in colleges to obtain certain teaching aims.The"divided class instruction"is one of results of the teaching reform in colleges.It is the reflection of"suit teaching to the aptitude of the student",and it is also the need of cultivating the personal autonomous learning habits of students.That is,teachers try their best to make students learn"how to learn"so that they are willing to learn,happy to learn,and they are capable of learning,therefore,they are adept in learning.The author has investigated the teaching courses and its influences.From the investigation,it is not difficult to see that"divided Class instruction"is an effective teaching model and it is worth being popularized by us.


Objective:To improve the knowledge of CT findings of tentorium hernia and anatomy base Materials and Methods:CT scans were done in 93 cases after clinically proved and 100 control group.Observations were made about the charges of suprasellal cistern,ambient cistern,copora quadrigemina cistern,midbrain;measurements were taken about the date of displacement of the midline structure.Results:The CT manifestations of tentorium hernia were the shrinking,displacement or obliterating of suprasellal cistern(78/93);the obliterating side or whole of ambient cistern(71/93);the obliterating of corpora quadrigemina(36/93);the shrinking and displacement of midbrain (69/93).73 cases were the obliterating 2 or more brain cistern,the deforming and displacement of midbrain or/and the obliterating of multibrain cistern or ambient cistern.The displacement of the midline beyond 15mm(58/93)is considered as indirect manifestation of tentorium hernia.Conclusions:The CT findings of tentorium hernia has a certain characteristic.And CT scans are helpful to make sure the cause of brain hernia and the position of pathological changes on tentorium.


Short exposure images of the visible and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission from a Xe dielectric barrier discharge lamp have been recorded to investigate the discharge structure for pulsed and sinusoidal voltage waveforms. The images from the pulsed discharge indicate that the plasma is essentially uniform over the active electrode area. For sinusoidal excitation, the discharge is filamentary, with the filaments surrounded by a less intense broad area discharge.


Temperature and humidity in a large glass showcase were measured and discussed. The glass showcase contains a historical construction designated as a national treasure, Konjikido (Golden Hall) of Chusonji Temple. The climate was measured under the supervision of the Research Committee of Conservation Facilities to improve the air-conditioning system of the glass showcase. Data were obtained at 12 points every hour, and stored in a data logger. The analyzed data revealed the invasion of humidity from the ground. The analysis also explained why dewdrops are observed on the glass showcase in early summer. Considering the result, the committee suggested to Chusonji Temple an improved air-conditioning (relative humidity control) system. -- AATA


Robots in real-world environments may need to adapt context-specific behaviors learned in one environment to new environments with new constraints. In many cases, copresent humans can provide the robot with information, but it may not be safe for them to provide hands-on demonstrations and there may not be a dedicated supervisor to provide constant feedback. In this work we present the SAIL (Simulation-Informed Active In-the-Wild Learning) algorithm for learning new approaches to manipulation skills starting from a single demonstration. In this three-step algorithm, the robot simulates task execution to choose new potential approaches; collects unsupervised data on task execution in the target environment; and finally, chooses informative actions to show to co-present humans and obtain labels. Our approach enables a robot to learn new ways of executing two different tasks by using success/failure labels obtained from naïve users in a public space, performing 496 manipulation actions and collecting 163 labels from users in the wild over six 45-minute to 1-hour deployments. We show that classifiers based low-level sensor data can be used to accurately distinguish between successful and unsuccessful motions in a multi-step task ($\mathbf{p} < 0.005$), even when trained in the wild. We also show that using the sensor data to choose which actions to sample is more effective than choosing the least-sampled action.


Background Data: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation means re-herniation of disc on the same site and at the same level where a previous discectomy had been performed: recurrent lumbar disc herniation occurs in 7% to 24% of patient underwent discectomy. Tow mean surgical options after reherniated lumbar disc are revision discectomy alone or revision discectomy with fusion discectomy alone in recurrent lumbar disc herniation may not be an efficient treatment without fusion. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of revision discectomy with fusion in management of recurrent lumbar disc. Study Design: Retrospective study reviewed all patient underwent revision discectomy with fusion, they were 40 patients operated for recurrent lumbar disc from September 2014 to April 2018 in Al-Azhar University Hospital Damietta. Pre- and post-operative data collection and analysis of the outcome were completed based on the "Japanese Orthopedic Association score" (JOAs), and radiographic follow-up. Patients and Methods: 40 patients (30 male and 10 female) underwent revision discectomy with fusion as surgical management for reherniated lumbar disc from September 2014 to April 2018. All patients presented with low back pain and radicular pain with mean duration of 18 months. The patients were investigated by standard plain X-ray CT SCAN and MRI of the lumbar spine. All patients had a discectomy and postero-lateral fusion in revision surgery. These patients followed post operatively clinically for improving pain and neural function, and radiologically for disc removal stability and fusion. Results: The age ranged from 30 to 60 years, mean age was 45 years, male to female ratio 3:1. Follow-up ranged from 18 - 30 months with a mean follow-up 24 months. 30 patients had an excellent outcome, 6 patients had a good outcome, 2 patients had a fair outcome, and 2 patients had a poor outcome. Conclusion: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation occurs in 7% to 24% of patient underwent discectomy. Revision surgery when indicated can be done by various techniques. Revision discectomy with fusion for reherniated lumbar disc is effective and safe with confident results.


This study aimed to examine the challenges students experienced during the lockdowns imposed by the government to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus outbreak in Afghanistan. A qualitative study with a phenomenological research design was employed in this study. Eight university students, including five males and three females, enrolled at different universities participated in the study. Six of them studied at Afghan universities, and two studied abroad but perused their education from Afghanistan due to lockdowns. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysed using a thematic analysis method. The interview data showed that Afghan university students experienced many challenges and hardships in their education process when all educational institutions were closed once the coronavirus began spreading in the country and the world. Students expressed dissatisfaction due to many technical and practical issues that minimised the effectiveness of online learning. Most of these challenges stemmed from inadequate technological infrastructure, poor course delivery, unavailability of educational materials, poor communication, and other similar factors.


X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFEL) will enable atomic-resolution imaging with a femtosecond snapshot. Research on XFEL has competitively progressed in the United States, Europe, and Japan. In FY2006, the construction of XFEL machine was officially started by a joint project organization termed the "RIKEN-JASRI Joint Project for the SPring-8 XFEL." This five-year project (FY2006-FY2010) has been recognized as one of the key technologies of national importance in the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan. The Japanese XFEL aims to achieve excellent performance with a compact machine, which can drastically reduce construction cost and improve the reliability of machine operation. The novel design, which is composed of a lowemittance electron gun with a thermionic cathode, a multiple-stage bunch compression system, highgradient normal-conducting C-band linacs, and shortperiod in-vacuum undulators [1], is significantly different from those seen in other FEL projects. Thus, the experimental verification of the concept prior to finalizing the XFEL design is a stringent subject. The SCSS (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source) test accelerator was primarily designed to perform proofof-principle experiments for FEL operation. The beam energy of the machine is EB = 250 MeV, which is only 1/32 that of the XFEL machine, EB = 8 GeV. However, the test accelerator includes all basic components planned for the 8-GeV machine (Fig. 1). Following the construction and the observation of the first spontaneous l ight in 2005, we intensively conducted machine tuning to achieve lasing condition from May to July of 2006. FEL accelerators should generate a high-density electron beam in both space and time. The performance is characterized by a normalized slice emittance εn and a peak current Ip. The target values are εn ~ 1 π mm•mrad and Ip ~ kA, although the achievement of both criteria is a technical challenge. For this purpose, we have designed an injector system that combines a low-emittance electron gun with an adiabatic bunch compression system; the bunch length gradually decreases (i.e., peak current increases) as beam energy is boosted. This scheme is planned to suppress the space charge force, which can degrade the original emittance at the gun in the low-energy high-density electrons. The first target of the machine tuning is the verification of emittance preservation in compression. The electron beam with a small emittance (εn = 0.6 π mm•mrad) is launched from a 500-kV pulsed electron gun equipped with a CeB6 thermionic cathode (EB ~ 500 keV, Ip ~ 1 A, pulse width τ ~ 2 microsecond) [2]. The beam is transmitted in a beam deflector (τ ~ 1 nanosecond), and is gradually compressed and accelerated with a 238-MHz pre-buncher cavity, a 476-MHz booster cavity, S-band l inacs, and a magnetic chicane. At the end of this injector section,


Fast Li-ion conducting Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 or LAGP ceramics are the most commonly used anode-protecting membranes in new generation Li–air batteries. The electrochemical properties of this solid membrane (electrolyte) are highly dependent on the purity of the phase and the actual amount of Al incorporated into the structure which often deviates from the synthetic inputs for different annealing conditions. Hence, optimizing the annealing temperature range is of great importance to achieve desirable phases and therefore optimized properties. Here in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction is carried out during the synthesis of LAGP. Starting with ball-milled and calcined LAGP glass powders we observe the structural evolution during the glass to ceramic transition. Sequential Rietveld refinements show that the dominant Al-poor LGP phase transforms into an Al-incorporated LAGP structure at temperatures higher than 800 °C. The c lattice parameter is found to be highly dependent on the temperature and also the amount of Al incorporated into the structure. The relationship between the c lattice parameter and Al concentration in LAGP is evaluated and the correlation can be used to allow the estimation of Al doping. Thus this work allows the lattice parameter to "fingerprint" the dopant concentration.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this research study was to investigate existing lease disclosure practices for financial statements in Hong Kong. Part of the purpose of this project is descriptive. The study classified, summarized and analyzed the lease accounting practices for a sample of Hong Kong companies. Annual reports for a year ending during 1996 were examined to gather information about the accounting practices for leases for financial reporting in Hong Kong. The fifty companies were selected in a systematic random selection process. The fifty companies selected represent approximately nine percent of all the companies traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange for 1996. Some of the major conclusions from this study include the following: 1. Most Hong Kong companies are involved in lease transactions as either lessees or lessors or both. 2. The dollars committed to lease transactions are significant. 3. The profit and loss effect is, also, significant. INTRODUCTION International leasing markets are rapidly becoming a single global market. Salameh, General Manager for Hewlett Packard for Asia Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, has recently stated that globali/ation of financing services is driven by natural globali/ation of accounts and partners (Salameh, 1997). Leasing activities have become "big" business. Leasing volume in the Asia Pacific area was approximately US $111 billion in 1995. Total worldwide activity exceeded US $409 billion in the same year. Four of the twenty-two largest leasing companies in the world were located in Asia in 1995. Orix Corporation in Asia was the third largest with leasing volume greater than US $8.9 billion. Leasing is one of the fastest growing segments of the US financial services industry. The US $ 147 billion in new capital leases written in 1995 was a significant 5.3% increase over the 1994 total (McConville, 1996). Most large institutional users are not satisfied with the existing levels of general disclosures by multinational firms (Taylor, 1995). This study will examine the lease accounting practices including footnote disclosures in Hong Kong. The accounting treatment for leases can be considered part of the general issue, the controversial use of off-balance sheet activities. The flexibility allowed companies under the existing general rules for leases may allow different companies to treat similar events in different ways. This inconsistent treatment may make financial comparisons very difficult. For example, certain financial measures such as solvency and debt ratios may be effected. Some companies may interpret accounting events in such a manner that the events are not reflected on the company's balance sheet. In some cases, information about an event may be disclosed in a footnote depending on certain criteria. Related accounting areas including contingencies may be effected by the procedures for leases. The treatment for leases has been particularly controversial. Some leases, if the lease meets certain rules, are classified as finance leases. In that case, an asset and liability would be included in the lessee's balance sheet. If the lease is classified as an operating lease instead of a finance lease, then only a lease or rental charge reduces the profit and loss and no balance sheet accounts are effected. Some Hong Kong companies disclose information about leases only in a footnote and, therefore, these transactions can be classified as off-balance sheet financing. A discussion paper, Accounting for a New Approach, has been published by the respective accounting standards board in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, US, and the IASC proposes that all finance leases and most, if not all, operating leases would qualify as assets and liabilities (McGregor, 1996). In Hong Kong, different groups are concerned about lease accounting practices. Many companies have been involved as lessees in Hong Kong. …


Hyperspectral imaging systems, used in conjunction with appropriate detection and recognition algorithms, have demonstrated to be very useful tools in many different remote sensing applications [1]. These instruments are capable of collecting hundreds of images, corresponding to different wavelength channels, for the same area on the surface of the Earth. A chief hyperspectral sensor is the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) system, which currently covers the wavelength region from 0.4 to 2.5 mm using 224 spectral channels, at a nominal spectral resolution of 10 nm [2]. On other hand, the Hyperion hyperspectral imager aboard Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft has been NASA's first hyperspectral imager to become operational onorbit. It routinely collects images hundreds of kilometers long with 220 spectral bands from 0.4 to 2.5 mm. With such spectral detail, the ability to detect and identify target materials is greatly enhanced with respect to other techniques available, such as multispectral imaging, which typically collects only tens of images. In the near future, the proliferation of hyperspectral sensors installed aboard satellite platforms will produce a nearly continual stream of multidimensional data, and this expected high data volume would demand fast and efficient means for storage, transmission and analysis.


The structure factor of liquid copper has been measured by neutron diffraction at 1393K and 1833K using oriented single-crystal sapphire containers. Two sample diameters have been used to assess the applicability of the calculations of Blech and Averbach (1965) for multiple scattering corrections and comparison has been made with the results obtained by Monte-Carlo calculations. From the experimental structure factors pair potentials were calculated. The potentials show the expected temperature dependence and seem to indicate that liquid copper possesses an energetically favourable structure.


Some VLSI IP owners prefer to leave programming their IP into a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to the end customer. A major concern is the possible over-deployment of the IP into more devices than originally licensed. In this paper, the authors proposed a system based on secured handshaking with encrypted device and design authentication information ensuring that the IP can only be deployed into agreed upon devices. The system consists of hardware-supported design encryption and secured authentication protocols.


Flotation desulphurization performances of ethyl xanthate,butyl xanthate and isobutyl xanthate on high-sulfur bauxite were compared.The influences of collectors,flotation time,pulp density,pH value and ore grain size on desulfurization rate and alumina flotation recovery rate were studied.The results showed that ethyl xanthate had a certain floatation desulphurization ability,but the collector usage and flotation time were relatively high,and the alumina recovery rate was not more than 90%;butyl xanthate and isobutyl xanthate had strong ability of flotation desulphurization,the alumina recovery rate was higher than 90%,the collector usage and flotation time were not very high,which make them suitable for industrial application.The open circuit experiments of butyl xanthate and isobutyl xanthate showed that isobutyl xanthate had higher selectivity,and butyl xanthate had a strong collecting ability.


RE: Thanks for the reviewer's thorough examination of our manuscript (MS) and positive comments. We all agree that the comments are very constructive for us to improve the presentation of the MS, and all the comments have been fully addressed in the revision. Specifically, in the revision, we have added: 1) more detailed descriptions of uncertainties in heterogeneous many-core architecture computing, 2) more detailed descriptions of the simple model, 3) citation of references, etc.


This paper explores the application of a previously developed ray-optical theory for scattering by discontinuities in weakly inhomogeneous parallel-plane waveguides or ducts. Emphasis is placed on peculiarities that distinguish scattering calculations in inhomogeneous mediums from those in homogeneous mediums. Attention is given to the role of edge-diffraction singularities in the computation of modal reflection and transmission coefficients, to the relation between ray-optical and Kirchhoff diffraction solutions, to modifications of the ray method in regions of strong variation of refractive index, and to the sensitivity of ray-optical results to the choice of certain generating functions employed in the theory. Numerical computations for guides with linear profiles, inverse-square profiles, and related homogeneously filled circular-waveguide configurations illustrate details of these considerations and permit comparisons with results obtained eslewhere.


A virtual simulation system with haptic display for laryngoscopic vocal cords surgery was developed. This system simulated the narrow and long operation environment in real surgery and constructs geometric models of vocal cords, laryngoscope and surgical instruments. On the basis of constructing physical and computational models of vocal cords further, viscoelastic deformation of vocal cords under forces of virtual instruments was simulated. In addition, with development of collision detection module, collision detection among bodies of virtual surgical instruments was realized successfully.


The objective of this article is to assess and estimate the future prospects of economically active population, output and job creation in five MENA countries, with the ultimate purpose of determining their potential for emigration. The article establishes the inadequacy of economic growth to absorb the new entrants into the labour force, leaving out of work a great proportion of them during the next decade, generating a large body of potential emigrants. The prospective absorbing capacity of migrants in major host regions, as determined by future economic growth and demographic changes, offers only limited opportunities for the large number of potential migrants.


Optical emission spectroscopy parallel to the axis of a low-pressure radio-frequency discharge in nitrogen was realized, i. e. end-on instead of customary side-on measurements. A specially designed optical feedthrough was fabricated and installed co-planar with the anode electrode, allowing non-invasive observations perpendicular to the plasma sheath. The principal excited species flowing towards the grounded electrode were identified and, by assuming Boltzmann distributions, the vibrational temperature of the molecules on the X1 Σ+g and C3Πu levels was estimated under various operating conditions.


In future mobile satellite systems, a large number of users will have to share the available resources. In order to make possible the existence of truly global and integrated systems it is necessary to use modulations that are both power and bandwidth efficient and that can be used both in the satellite and terrestrial segments of future mobile networks. If this can be achieved, the use of dual-mode terminals will be easier and the handheld cost will be minimised, In this paper, two different multi-h CPM schemes are considered in combination with different types of receiver diversity for the land mobile satellite communication channel. A comparison is made for three types of diversity: selection combining (SC), a post-detection scheme which employs two orthogonal filter banks (for computing metrics) and two Viterbi MLSE decoders followed by post-demodulation selection diversity (PDS) and maximal ratio combining (MRC). Results show that multi-h CPM can achieve good performances when using receiver diversity both in terms of bit error rate and occupied bandwidth. The best results are obtained for the MRC that allows a large gain over the other considered diversity schemes.


In this paper we develop a mathematical model for determining a periodic inspection schedule in a preventive maintenance program for a single machine subject to random failure.Our purposes is to give an optimal inspection interval maximizing the long-rum average profit per unit of a single machine.


How to function the parameter setup calculation in the process control system for plate rolling was studied. The parameter setup calculation was divided into three parts, i.e., rolling scheduling relevant mill setup and control parameters and model learning control, of which the main functions and relations among them were analyzed. The on-line data flow and calling logic of the setup calculation were designed. According to the arrangement of monitors/probes and scheduled rolling technological process, the setup calculation can be called time and again. By means of the presetting and resetting calculations including the modifications of different rolling phases and passes, learning control and holding time, the parameter setup calculation embedded in the process control system of plate mill has functioned as the on-line actual data during rolling.


The publication of the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus in Paris in 1687 represented the apex of the syncretic effort between Confucianism and Catholicism started by Matteo Ricci more than one century before. The present study draws attention to the heart of the text, which is the translation of three Confucian Classics: Daxue (The Great Learning), Lunyu (The Analects) and Zhongyong (The Doctrine of the Mean), where the contribution of Prospero Intorcetta (1625–1696) appears to be predominant. This article will firstly offer an updated biography of Intorcetta and his mission to Europe. Secondly, it will summarize the long process that led to the publication of the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus. Finally, through a comparative analysis between the former translations and those published in the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, this study will attempt to extrapolate and determine the contribution of Intorcetta, focusing especially on the way some key concepts of the Confucian philosophy and of the traditional Chinese thinking in general were rendered.


Employment guidance for college students is the extension and development of college ideological education and is one of indispensible and significant parts of ideological and political education in one's college study.Aiming to the employment reality,colleges must strengthen and innovate the ideological and political education in courses of employment guidance,and emphasizes on research and application of methods,so as to have a productive ideological and political education.


This article revisits postbellum efforts to address the labor question and social reform through the emerging field of economics, in particular through social economics. Social economics, now usually known as institutional economics, offered on alternative path for the field of economics, one which rejected sharp distinction between practical or material studies and social-theoretical inquiries. This broad approach to economics in particular and the social sciences more generally shaped the emerging field of labor history. Labor historians have long been critical of early labor histories, particularly stressing their narrow focus on unions and economic goals. A re-examination of social economics, and the contingent language of institutionalism, however, suggests that social economics can continue to offer labor historians a useful model, one that stressed the position of labor history within broader examinations of political economy.


In legal interpretations,different approaches will bring about different results.A judges' choice of approach is not random but determined by his value orientation.A series of reasons determine the existence of value orientation in legal interpretations and value orientation affects legal interpretations in various respects.A judge needs to choose the meaning of laws based on his value orientation and thus achieves the unity of justice in a single case and social justice.


Data of 45 patients, who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and regional lymphadenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, were reviewed in a retrospective study. Carcinomas of the papilla of


Sue Hall explains how flexible care can help isolated older people re-establish social contacts to improve quality of life. She looks in particular at the award-winning work of the Oxfordshire Flexible Care Service


Mobile point-to-point communication links between ground and aerial vehicles can be established using optical signal carriers. This technology has advantages over the traditional RF channels in terms of both data throughput and security. A communication system providing two-way optical connectivity between mobile ground stations is described. It utilizes mechanical devices for optical platform stabilization and initial beam positioning, optical tracking for maintaining the line-of-sight communication, and global positioning systems for mutual position awareness between the vehicles when the line-of-sight is obstructed. First, we describe particular system components and challenges of their integration. Then, preliminary results of field testing under practical conditions are presented.


We examine the rotation rates, sizes and star formation (SF) efficiencies of a representative population of simulated disc galaxies extracted from the Galaxies–Intergalactic Medium Interaction Calculation (GIMIC) suite of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. These simulations include efficient, but energetically feasible supernova feedback, but have not been tuned in any way to produce 'realistic' disc galaxies. Yet, they generate a large number of discs, without requiring extremely high resolution. Over the wide galaxy stellar mass range, 9.0 ≲ log 10 [M*(M⊙)] 10.6, the simulated galaxies are too concentrated and have too high SF efficiencies. We conjecture that this shortcoming reflects the neglect of feedback from accreting supermassive black holes in these simulations. We conclude that it is possible to generate a representative population of disc galaxies that reproduces many of the observed trends of local disc galaxies using standard numerical hydrodynamic techniques and a plausible implementation of the 'subgrid' astrophysical processes thought to be relevant to galaxy formation.


The enormous potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for addressing critical educational issues is generally acknowledged, but its use in the assessment of the complex skills of reading and understanding a text has been very limited to date. The paper contrasts traditional reading assessment protocols with ReadLet, an ICT platform with a tablet front-end, designed to support online monitoring of silent and oral reading abilities in early graders. ReadLet makes use of cloud computing and mobile technology for large-scale data collection and allows the time alignment of the child's reading behaviour with texts tagged using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools. Initial findings replicate established benchmarks from the psycholinguistic literature on reading in both typically and atypically developing children, making the application a new ground-breaking approach in the evaluation of reading skills.


A "one-shot" device has the property that a successful test results in its destruction. An obvious example is the testing of an explosive device selected from a stockpile of military weapons. The type of data obtained differs from that of the ..


Irreversible thermal expansion of large items made of the replicated aluminium foam was detected during the extraction of soluble filler from Al-NaCl composite. Sources of the phenomenon were investigated The expansion discovered was caused by incomplete contraction of the porous metal due to the oxidation of its internal porous surface in air and water mediums during thermal cycling. Significant influence of oxide film defects on the expansion process was shown. The information about irreversible thermal expansion dependence on temperature of the extraction process and metal foam pore size was collected. Measurements of expansion dynamics showed its finite character. It was also noted that the expansion is limited by the thermal expansion coefficient of an alloy used. Finally, correction coefficients were obtained that, being applied to nominal sizes of a porous item, compensates the expansion.


Polymer nozzles, made with a 3D printer using stereolithography, were used to impinge water jets on a high heat-flux surface. The nozzles had nine staggered orifices from which water emerged, flowed through an internal cavity over the heated surface, and then returned through a slot. Multiple nozzles were made with varying cavity heights (0.25 mm to 2 mm), while the jet diameter (0.75 mm) and spacing between jets (1mm) were kept constant. Experiments were done to measure convective heat transfer from a copper surface with a surface area of 0.143 cm2 emitting heat fluxes of 50 to 900 W/cm2 while varying the water flow rate from 0.1 to 1.0 L/min. An energy balance was used to estimate the heat transfer from the copper surface to the coolant. Heat transfer increased with the water flow rate. It was possible to remove the highest heat flux while avoiding boiling. Reducing the cavity height while keeping the water flow rate constant increased the flow velocity and enhanced convection, but also raised the pressure drop across the nozzle. Heat transfer coefficients as high as 120,000 W/m2°C were measured during impingement cooling.


We propose a data-driven approach based on Machine Learning (ML) to predict control signals of a photonic switching system. The proposed ML agent is trained and tested in a completely topological and technological agnostic way and we envision its application in real-time control-planes.


One of the interesting prospects raised by CGRO but never properly investigated due to the lack of instrumental sensitivity and resolution is the gamma-ray line emission from giant molecular clouds. In this paper, we study the 0.511 MeV annihilation line that is emitted when cosmic rays (CRs) bombarding a cloud produce radioisotopes that decay and produce positrons, which subsequently annihilate either directly or after the formation of Positronium. Several interesting factors come into play to decide whether the flux of this emission is strong enough to be detected by INTEGRAL, among them the intensity of the cosmic rays and their nuclear composition, as well as the mass, distance, and other characteristics of the molecular cloud. We have computed both the flux and the line width of the radiation for four nearby clouds. It is found that the line width can be very small (0.1 keV or less) in the case of a partially ionized cold core. This preliminary result, however, does not take into account Doppler shif...


The estrogenic effects of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC´s) in animals are not reversible and can reduce populations. Sensitive methods such Q-PCR have been used to determine changes in gene expression and thus predict the effects before they become irreversible. The present study was designed to detect the expression on the estrogen receptors and vitellogenin genes in the Black Mollies fish (Poecilia sphenops) exposed to pyrogenic hydrocarbon and petroleum from Campeche Sound. The results indicate that the expression of transcript of the estrogen receptor and vitellogenin indicates are potentially useful as molecular biomarker for detecting the presence of endocrine-disruption compounds in environment.


Abstract Background The recent development of the Global TALES Protocol provides a unique opportunity to conduct systematic cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparisons of children's personal narratives. This protocol contains 6 scripted prompts to elicit personal narratives in school-age children about times when they experienced feeling happy/excited, worried, annoyed, proud, being in a problem situation, something important. Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the topics of the children's narratives when they responded to the 6 prompts and draw comparisons with the topics of narratives spoken by children from 10 other countries speaking 8 other languages as described in the original feasibility paper. Methods We translated the Global TALES Protocol into Hindi and collected personal narratives of thirty Hindi-speaking children (aged 6–9 years), residing in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. All personal narrative samples were elicited in person and audio recorded for manual coding of the topics. Results Although we observed many similarities in the topics of children's personal narratives between this dataset and the dataset reported on in the initial feasibility study, we also documented some novel topics, such as "welcoming guests" in response to the "excited" prompt; "financial problems" in response to the "worried" prompt; "helping someone by actions or by advising someone morally" in response to the "problem" prompt; and "mishap/personal loss" and "exams" in response to the "important" prompt. Conclusion Some of these novel topics likely reflected the Indian culture. Because our study involved a group of children who are linguistically and culturally different from previous studies using the Global TALES protocol and, at ages 6–9 years, slightly younger than the 10-year-olds in prior studies, this study adds to the evidence that the Global TALES protocol can be used to elicit personal narratives of children from diverse languages and cultures, as young as age 6.


Nowadays there is great necessity in ecological education of preschool and schoolchildren and formation their world-outlook and moral quality. The examples of ecological education based on nature conservation events with traditions and customs of the peoples of Yakutia are presented in the article.


Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, clinical trial which included adult patients with nasal obstructive symptoms due to chronic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis and a minimum Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 25 mm and/or a minimum raw Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score of 2 on any of items 1, 2, 3, or 5. Enrolled subjects were instructed to apply the study device bilaterally to the external nasal nerve at least three times per day for 30 seconds until the 2-week followup, then twice per day and as needed thereafter. Subjects were evaluated at Days 3, 14, and 30 following the initial baseline visit. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in nasal obstructive symptoms from baseline to Day 30 as measured by the VAS and NOSE instruments. Safety was assessed by the incidence of device-related Adverse Events (AEs).


This article examines supply chain operations in volatile and fragile environments. Salient existing literature can be divided into two broad groups: commercial vulnerability, when uncertainties in a business environment cause demand fluctuation, and noncommercial vulnerability, when uncertainties are dramatic and are derived from an external shock such as terrorism or natural events (e.g., earthquakes). The objective of this article is to examine the operation of aid supply chains in the extreme conditions that prevailed immediately following the Rwandan civil war and during the more stable period that followed. In particular the aim is to carry out an assessment of the effectiveness of the movement of emergency aid to and within Rwanda in the post-Rwandan civil war period (1994 to 1996), with specific reference to road-based logistics and port operations in Kenya, the workings of Tanzania railways, and the role of other service providers in and around Rwanda. Internal and external barriers to distribution, which are both physical and nonphysical, are highlighted.


A chance constrained programming problem can be solved by linear programming methods after replacing the probabilistic constraints by their certainty equivalents. The certainty equivalent of a chance constraint depends on the form of the distribution of the random variable? This paper derives the certainty equivalent for a random variable that is uniformly distributed. The effect of altering the standard deviation and the probability measure is also studied.


The purpose of this thesis is to trace the development of the concepts of materialism and idealism in Coleridge's poetry and philosophy. 'Trace', in this sense, signifies the poet's interaction with earlier and contemporary schools of philosophy and how their thoughts and influences contributed to the gradual evolution of his poetic identity during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As such, the study will trace Coleridge's literary and philosophical development from his early engagement with classical literature and philosophy, particularly Plato, down to Neoplatonism which will be initially represented here by the two key figures of Thomas Taylor (1758-1835) and Ralph Cudworth (16171688). The significance of this study lies in the renewed attention it will give to the poet's endeavours to reform what he regarded as the constrictive influence of post-Lockean British philosophy. Furthermore, it attempts to show the poet's creative and causative abilities through which he has shown the possibility of synthesizing poetry and philosophy, mind and matter, in such a way that refutes the hypothesis of mind's passiveness in front of mechanical nature. It will, therefore, demonstrate how Coleridge's imagination invigorates the mind to transcend beyond the sphere of matter and nature itself.


In order to analyze chromosomes for possible numerical and structural alterations in response to exposure to organotin(IV) compounds, gastropod Truncatella subcylindrica specimens were treated with dibutyltin(IV) and tributyltin(IV) chloride solutions with different exposure times.

Experimental evidence suggests that tributyltin(IV) chloride is more toxic to this organism than dibutyltin(IV) dichloride at low concentrations. Furthermore, the toxicity responses to these organotin(IV) derivatives seem to be proportional to both concentration and exposure time.

The following structural lesions have been identified by comparative analysis of spermatocyte chromosomes from untreated specimens and specimens treated with organotin(IV) compounds: (1) breakages; (2) bridging; (3) irregular outline; and (4) light areas after staining with acetic orcein. In this respect, dibutyltin(IV) and tributyltin(IV) chlorides seem to have an effect similar to that of colchicine.


Ateam of 30 experts from the security community are luring hackers into monitored computer systems to study their modus operandi. Through the use of honeynets—networks designed to be compromised—the team examines how hackers infiltrate systems, what they do once they enter a system, and how they cover their tracks. According to the Wall Street Journal, the team is currently building a honeynet to resemble a transactional Web site in order to study how skilled hackers use credit card data from e-commerce sites. Reports on the Honeynet Project can be found at project.honeynet.org.


Through analyzing the basie Characteristics and methods of complex science, this paper drew on the principles of complex science to study the organization and management of exercise. Regarding the formation and the evolution of exercise and management as the interaction of internal elements in the training system and the result of the combination between system and circumstances is the basis on which some new ideas can be expressed from the aspects of group decision and managing creation.


The present opening in the relations between the US and the USSR is an opportunity for starting the building of a cooperative relationship.


M obilizing refers to marshalling individuals, organizations, and other resources in a community toward action. In other words, the concept of "mobilization" organizes and brings people together to address existing problems and participate in the decision-making process. Since decisions affect the community, community members need to develop their capacities in understanding and addressing such problems. Mobilization also implies that some individuals or groups in the community have recognized the need for change and are willing to participate in that process. A need for change generally refers to the fact that specific undesirable conditions within the society have been identified and recognized, and that the community intends to address them together. If no such need is recognized, then the status quo will most likely prevail. This article provides an outline for guiding communities to mobilize for the purpose of addressing community problems. "Community" means different things to different people. In general, a community is often defined as a geographic area with specific boundaries, for example, a specific neighborhood, village, town, city, or even state. Communities may extend geographic and political boundaries to embrace ethnicity or culture, and may incorporate every social stratum or only its subgroups. A community may be global, such as the "community of Orthodox believers" and the "United Nations," or refer to professional associations or organizations, such as physicians, business owners, or teachers. In other words, defining community is difficult. For the purposes of this article, communities include all individuals and organizations that reside within the same geographic region, and are affected by or concerned about the health and social problems present within the area. There is no optimal strategy for mobilizing a community and various methods can be applied successfully. Methods refer to the tools, techniques, and procedures used by individuals and groups to bring about actions they believe are needed to improve a particular condition. An approach is the particular manner in which individuals and groups seek to create change in the community. A systematic approach to mobilizing communities results from skillfully applying the appropriate tools, techniques, and procedures. This article will discuss how communities mobilize their resources and explore the benefits that can result from applying a systematic approach to community problem solving using various effective methods.


This paper presents the design and fabrication of reflective curved micromirrors with pre-determined static shapes. The fabrication of these devices uses conventional surface micromachining technology and the MultiPoly process (Yang et al., 2000), which is a technique for depositing multilayers of LPCVD polysilicon in order to control the overall stress and stress gradient. The inexpensive fabrication of these micromirrors allows for a range of designs that could address many applications, including optical switches.


This document presents YANG Data model for OAM. It provides a
protocol-independent and technology-independent abstraction of key OAM
constructs. These abstractions span OAM configuration and operational
data; they promote uniformity between OAM technologies and support
nested OAM workflows (i.e., performing OAM functions at different
layers through a unified interface).


Abstract : In 1927, Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune published a paper describing his beliefs regarding the role of engineers in the Marine Corps. He envisioned a service organization whose capabilities spanned the broad spectrum from performing military engineering as a member of a Marine Division in an amphibious assault operation to making cabinets for the garrison posts. As the remainder of the combat arms communities evolves, incorporating more modern weapon systems and rapid, highly dispersed maneuver tactics, the disparity between engineers and the infantry they support in terms of combined arms employment is increasing. Therefore, the Marine Corps should provide each combat engineer battalion with a Marine Corps infantry weapons officer, or "gunner," MOS 0306.


Sliding mode based design methods are developed for control of manipulators, mobile robots operating in workspace with obstacles, railway wheelset and flexible shaft. The core design idea rests upon utilizing a state subvector as an intermediate control.<<ETX>>


Backscattering enhancement phenomenon in a random medium is studied by numerically analyzing a bistatic radar cross-section of a circular cylinder, under the condition that the spatial coherence length of the incident waves around the cylinder is larger enough than the size of the cylinder. The numerical analysis shows that the phenomenon may occur not only in the backward direction but also in other directions.


This paper examines the ways that gender and sex identities are constituted within contemporary practices of imprisonment in the UK and US. While there has been much attention to the construction of racialized identities and inequalities within the American penal system, the social construction of gender and sex within prisons have been largely neglected. Since prisons are one of the few sex-segregated institutions remaining in British and American societies, they provide a particularly clear example of power working through and upon sex and gender. I draw on queer theory and Foucault's analyses of power, including his account of the prison and of sexuality, to show how binary sex identities and hegemonic gender identities are created or reinforced by contemporary prison regimes.


This invention refers to a label for secondary battery and secondary battery using the label. The label for a secondary battery has a multilayer structure so as to have different strength according to parts of the label and a secondary battery using the label. The label includes a main sheet surrounding at least a part of an outer surface of the battery and a reinforcing sheet stacked on a part of the main sheet to surround a part of the battery. The reinforcing sheet may be made of metal. The battery is formed in a rectangular shape and the reinforcing sheet surrounds at least a part of four relatively narrow side surfaces of the battery.


The article explores the effects of populist polarization in creating strong and long-lasting institutions based on the rule of law. It focuses on politics and not on the political economy of populism or of natural resource extraction. The first section briefly explains how we understand the contested notions of populism and the rule of law. The second focuses on the paradigmatic case of Juan Peron's first two administrations (1946-1956) to explore the ambiguous legacies of populist inclusion for the creation of long-lasting demo-cratic institutions. The third section focuses on how Hugo Chavez, Evo Morales and Rafael Correa appealed to the un-bounded will of the people to convene participatory constituent assemblies. The last section focuses on Ecuador's post-populist succession. Different from Evo Morales that was ousted by a coup, or Nicolas Maduro that killed democracy, Lenin Moreno, who was Correa's former vice-president, abandoned populism, ditched his mentor, and used a referendum to clean the state and political institutions from Correa's allies. Appealing to the people directly, his administration assumed exceptional powers to name new authorities of control and accountability. His institutional reforms however might not last because they were based on the exclusion of Correa and his followers. The conclusion explores the reasons why actors continue to use laws instrumentally making it difficult to create long-lasting institutional arrangements based on the rule of law, and hence on the possibility of deepening democracy.


A two-degree bipartite field was used to investigate the influence of pulse width on human luminous perception. The frequency of the pulsed light was 100 Hz and the duty ratio was set to 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 70%. The results show that pulsed light has a brightness enhancement effect and that the enhancement effect changes when the wavelength and duty ratio are different. The maximum enhancement effect appears at 430 nm and the minimum at 460 nm. Then, a theoretical spectral luminous function for pulsed light as a function of wavelength and duty ratio was calculated using cone fundamentals. The newly established luminous function can be used to calculate the real brightness perceived by human eyes when people are exposed to a space illuminated by pulse-width modulation dimming lamps.


ABSTRACT Food insecure families often consume inexpensive energy-dense yet nutrient-poor foods which contribute to increased chronic disease risk. This assessment quantifies the nutritional content of foods distributed by food pantries in Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Foods within each pantry's distribution to a small family (~4 people) and additional storage areas were analyzed by the item's category and content using Feeding America's Foods to Encourage guidelines. The proportion of nutrient-dense and nutrient-poor items were compared between sites based on pantry characteristics. State-funded pantries stored significantly more nutrient-dense food categories than did nonstate-funded pantries (χ2 = 27.265, p < 0.001); however, only 27% of all food items assessed met all nutrient-dense qualifications in detailed content analysis. State-funded food pantries in Monroe County provide more healthful options than do nonstate-funded pantries. Implications for funding, health, and donor education are discussed.


The latent variables model when employed in econometrics, bring
about certain specific features concerning the specification of
the basic model structure, the estimation methods and the
interpretation of the results, too. This article describes
various forms of the model specification, and several tools for
the estimation of these models when analyzed by the means of
the AMOS/LISREL software. Besides presenting the statistical
foundation of the models and the estimation techniques, the
paper discusses some aspects of the their practical employment
including the ways how to attain the identification status of
the model, and how to obtain the maximum information through
the rich specter of output characteristics providing by the
AMOS program.


The International School of Neurological Sciences, located on the island of San Servolo, was founded at the beginning of the Decade of the Brain, in 1990. The school is divided into sections that meet periodically. The invited speakers are known worldwide for their work in the field of the neurologic sciences. Dr Paolo Curatolo (Rome) is the chairperson of the Child Neurology Section and has always devoted great effort to the organization of international courses and workshops on challenging topics. The tenth annual conference, on Neurodevelopmental Pathways to Behavioral Phenotypes, will be held jointly with the Society for the Study of Behavioral Phenotypes, a scientific society devoted to the understanding of behavioral phenotypes associated with biologically determined syndromes.


the main objective of this review is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of what works, what does not work, and what is promising in terms of addressing youth gang problems. the document focuses primarily on assessing the effectiveness of select prevention, intervention and suppression activities related to gang-involved youth. It is based on a review of the empirical evidence drawn from well-designed evaluation studies, where possible. Where this high-quality research evidence was lacking, promising practices and lessons learned were also distilled and presented alongside model programs. It is hoped that the findings will, among other things, inform and strengthen future policy development, funding and program decisionmaking in canada as well as enhance our knowledge and understanding with respect to how to respond effectively to chronic and emerging youth gang problems.


In this paper we provide evidence on the relation between the currency carry trade and currency crashes with the Chilean peso. Using rich information from the local Chilean forward market, we show that speculation over recently high interest rate differentials between the peso and developed countries' currencies, has led to several episodes of abnormal turbulence, as measured by the exchange rate change distribution's skewness coefficient. In line with the interpretative framework linking turbulence to changes in the future positions of speculators, we find that turbulence is higher in periods across which measures for global uncertainty have been high.


Livedo reticularis and acrocyanosis as late manifestations of COVID-19 in two cases with familial aggregation. Potential pathogenic role of complement (C4c) Dear Editor, Livedo or necrotic-type manifest different levels of occlusive vascular disease and are more frequent in patients of advanced age and severe COVID-19. However, transient manifestations, such as livedo reticularis, have been described in other cases. We present two cases with familial aggregation of transient livedo reticularis as a late manifestation of COVID-19. A 12-year-old boy presented with acrocyanosis and livedo reticularis on his extremities, which had evolved over the course of 3 weeks (Figure 1a,b). Six weeks before, he had presented with symptoms of catarrh and a dry cough accompanied by fever. Analytical tests were requested, including biochemistry, hemogram, hepatic and renal tests, coagulation test, autoimmunity, and urinalysis, which did not show any alterations. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory viruses, which came back negative. Serologies were also requested for cytomegalovirus, Epstein– Barr virus, parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis B and C, and HIV, as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA + IgM and IgG antibodies, all of which were negative. The anatomopathological analysis of a skin biopsy performed from a central blanched area of a livedoid lesion of the upper limb showed a chronic perivascular inflammatory infiltrate with prominent endothelium (Figure 1c). The immunofluorescence study highlighted the deposition of complement (C4c) in the epidermal basement membrane (EBM) and was negative for C1q, C3, fibrinogen, IgA, IgG, and IgM (Figure 1d). Simultaneously, his 14-year-old brother also presented with acrocyanosis on his extremities which had evolved over the course of 2 weeks (Figure 1e). Also of note in his medical history were headaches, a fever of up to 38.5 C, general


This chapter surveys the development of English legal literature. It begins with the Latin treatises called Glanvill and Bracton, which by the end of the thirteenth century had given way to more accessible practical works in French. The most important of the new writings were the reports of real cases taken in court, the year books. The evolution of law reporting is traced, and there is an assessment of the changes in the Tudor period, particularly Plowden's innovative Commentaries. The effect of printing is also considered. Access to case-law was at first primarily via abridgments rather than treatises, but Littleton's student textbook on Tenures marked a new departure in the fifteenth century. Treatises of comparable importance to Littleton were few, but notable among legal authors were St German, Coke (also a major law reporter), Hale, and Blackstone.


This chapter provides a detailed account of the Delhi Pollution Case (M.C. Mehta v Union of India), and critically reviews the mechanism of Public Interest Litigation in environmental cases in India.


The experimental program associated with a device (DCX-2) being assembled to exploit the DCX scheme of plasma accumulation by dissociation- trapping of highenergy molecular ions is described. The long particlecontainment time obtained in DCX-1 and a consideration of known instabilities indicate that a high-temperature plasma limited in density by mirror losses may be obtained in DCX-2, provided no new instabilities occur. The apparatus provides for an extended trajectory of the injected beam in the plasma region, permitting the use of much more tenuous dissociation media. Advantage is taken of the ion-pumping action of the plasma to secure pumping speeds of approximately 0.5 million liters per second. The shape and strength of the magnetic field provide containment of the trapped atomic ions governed by the adiabatic approximation. A summary is given of the theory of plasma accumulation in a machine of this type, and the requirements imposed upon the system parameters are evaluated. Existing elements of the apparatus include: a 600-kev accelerator and ion source designed to obtain 400 ma of ions in a well-organized beam, the source itself producing a continuous beam of 340 ma at 80 kev; almost-fully-ionized lithium and deuterium arcs with temperatures in the range of 10more » to 50 ev. (In the deuterium arc a degree of ionization as large as 99% may be obtained. Lithium arcs of large Li/sup +2/ content can be operated in gas pressures as low as 4 x 10/sup -7/ mm Hg. Means are found to adjust the density of the breakup column of the arc from very low densities to as high as 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/); and a beam-injection channel, shielded against the 12-kgauss field and highly compensated to minimize perturbation of the surrounding field. (auth)« less


Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara are the region in the south of the Indonesia Archipelago. This region has relatively high seismicity due to subduction activity and faulting. The first step of the tomography study for inferring the geometry structure beneath Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara is to conduct precise hypocenter location. In this study, we used waveform data from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), which the study area is between 1120 – 1280 E and 40 – 130 S. Our preliminary results, we have re-picked 7,967 P-wave and 3,254 S-wave arrival times for 933 events in the period from January to March 2019. The non-linear method was conducted using the oct-tree sampling algorithm from the NLLoc program to determine the hypocenter's location. We also compared the results with BMKG catalog data. Our results show better clustering earthquakes with RMS error mostly close to zero and represent the geological structure in this region. The results show a shift in the location of the epicenters between 0.1 km to 1000 km, while for the focus depth between 0.006 - 500 km, with the azimuth shift being dominated to the northeast and southwest. The future and ongoing works, we will conduct a tomography study to imaging 3-D seismic velocity models beneath Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara regions using the fast-marching method.


This article deals with the Virgilian onomastic in Georgic I 429-433: some fresh considerations are advanced. In particular this sphragis would seem to endorse an overlooked acrostic: "Kill Caesar!"


Sable is considered a symbol of Russia. Animal furs were obtained by hunting. This was the main reason for the decrease in the number of the animals, which was almost exterminated. This situation was changed by hunting scientists who started breeding it in nurseries and releasing it. Russia is a leading country that supplies furs to the world market. It is important to design a sable farm correctly, taking into account scientific developments in achieving economic profit without disturbing the animal population. The most widespread technology is the breeding of ground-type cellular. However, this technology has a number of disadvantages. Therefore, the development of optimal technology for breeding with maximum economic effect and low costs of human labor is an urgent problem in the fur industry. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting an analytical review of existing technologies for breeding sables and develop a multi-level optical-electronic system for monitoring the vital activity of sables in underground cell content. (Materials and methods) The article considers the main advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies for keeping and breeding sables. (Results and discussion) Authors propose a technology for underground cell keeping of sables with automatic control of microclimate and animal life in order to improve the quality of furs and reduce labor costs. The article determines the possibility of implementing optimal conditions for the normal life of sables not only in the North, but also in regions with high temperatures. (Conclusions) The article presents a scheme for a multi-level underground sable farm of a cellular type with optoelectronic control of the microclimate and vital activity of animals. The article presents an analytical description of the main parameters and the algorithm of operation of a multi-level optical-electronic system for monitoring the vital activity of sables.


In order to compete globally, the domestic textile industry should develop eco-textiles and work to attain authentication for production of eco-textiles; it should keep up with international trends in eco-textiles. Oeko-Tex standard 100 issued its latest version in February 2002. A detailed report was presented and discussed.


A model used to simulate the sulphur absorption reaction of middle temperature (400~800 ℃) flue gas with lime has been established based on the grain model.The rationality of the model is examined by making comparison between the calculated values of the model and the experimental results.The effect of some parameters on the conversion of CaO is analyzed.The establishment of this model lays the initial foundation of the development of sulphur absorption technology in middle temperature region.


The Eocene-Oligocene Lyre, Quimper, and Marrowstone formations on the northeast Olympic Peninsula of Washington are an important sedimentary sequence whose age has long been controversial. They were thought to span the Eocene-Oligocene transition. In addition, previous paleomagnetic studies on the un- derlying volcanic rocks produced a counterclockwise tectonic rotation. We sampled three sections: West In- dian Island, West Marrowstone Island, and near Woodman's Wharf on Discovery Bay. After both AF and ther- mal demagnetization, all three formations produced a single-component remanence held largely in magnetite which passes a reversal test and is rotated counterclockwise by about 35°. This is consistent with the results from the underlying lower Eocene Port Townsend volcanics. It is also consistent with counterclockwise ro- tations obtained from the lower Eocene Metchosin volcanics and upper Oligocene Sooke Formation on the southern tip of Vancouver Island, showing that the counterclockwise rotation is widespread in the region. Based on magnetobiostratigraphic correlations with other sections in the region, we correlate the Lyre For- mation with late middle Eocene Chrons C15r-C16r (35.0-36.5 Ma). The Quimper Sandstone spans the Chron C15n and probably the lowermost part of Chron C13r (34.6-35.0 Ma), so the Eocene-Oligocene boundary probably lies in the middle of the Quimper Sandstone, as previously suspected. The Marrowstone Shale is correlated with late Chron C13r.


The article discusses the role of emotions in investment decision-making processes on the financial markets. It will be shown that emotions, in conditions of fundamental uncertainty, may be a supplement to cognitive knowledge. More specifically, it will be shown that under conditions of fundamental uncertainty, emotions of confidence or "good feeling" about anticipated future states will be achieved to serve as a bridge to overcome uncertainty. The findings presented in this article also show that financial investors legitimate their decisions by referring to their emotions. Financial investors claim that emotions direct decisions when the decision-making processes cannot be apprehended by cognition alone. The article also shows that in decisions of fundamental uncertainty cognitive and emotional decision logic complement each other. In order to come to these conclusions data were taken from 17 qualitative in-depth interviews with professional investors from major German banks.


The essay argues that the most influential liberal accounts of moral theory (utilitarianism and deontology) assume that human material nature is the seat of desire, and that desire is essentially unsociable. Moral systems are then interpreted as a means of counteracting the essentially self-interested desires that are assumed to ordinarily drive human beings. The essay challenges the normative presuppositions of these arguments. It maintains that liberal moral philosophy must be interpreted in the historical context of the rise of a competitive market society. It then contends that contra liberal moral theory, human beings are neither essentially egoistic nor altruistic, but interdependent. Moral theory is better seen as following from a recognitions of this material interdependence than as an ideal limit on 'naturally' self-interested and competitive behaviour.


Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA, Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA, and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA


Religion is both external and internal, or objective and subjective. It is objective in the body of principles or doctrines that it offers to the intelligence and faith of men. It is subjective as embracing the cognition, emotion, and volitional determination with which the doctrines are received by them. These two phases are necessary to one another, and constitute the unity and completeness of religion. There must be doctrines, including ethical statutes, to enlighten, to stimulate, to guide, to supply ideals; but they will be a dead letter if they are not known, appropriated and carried out in practice. The external teachings and the internal learning, trust and compliance must go together. The primary fact of religion is the relation of man to God, and its chief doctrines pertain to this relation. Both the character of God and the character of man are concerned. The sources of doctrine are the Bible and natural revelation. The latter may be understood as including the extra-Biblical history and tradition of mankind. The Bible tells us of the attributes of God, of His supremacy as Creator, of His Fatherhood, of His moral laws and government, of Jesus the Saviour; and exhibits also the character of man, his dependence or inferiority as the child and moral subject of God, his moral needs. Nature and history reveal something of the character of God, something of His might and intelligence; and also His will towards men, especially by the evident conditions and laws of their existence and of their welfare individual and general. The Bible is the supreme religious and moral history of mankind, and in it there is bequeathed to all races and generations of men an inestimable treasure of truth. It distinguishes itself markedly by the intrinsic and su-


Scholars highlight various impediments to this reorientation including individuals' lack of conceptual understanding of sustainability, individuals' lack of capacity and confidence, lack of resources, lack of knowledge as to how to infuse sustainability education in teaching, challenges with overcrowded and standardised curricula, and institutional and ideological challenges (e.g., Hordatt Gentles, 2018;Zhukova et al., 2020). The authors situate the origins of their text as lying within the global environmental challenges facing the world community, citing issues such as the global population explosion, higher rates of urbanisation, trade wars, rising inequities and climate change, and positing that the response from the global community to-date has been inadequate. The authors then further analyse Jessica's narrative in relation to her leadership role, her institutional culture and her personal, environmental and professional identities and share the positive shifts that began to take place as a result of her involvement in the research and the associated community of practice.


The analysis of 2,550 kb from 11 p 13 in Wilms' tumor (WT) material revealed two regions that differed significantly in their methylation between tumor and normal tissue. In WT a hypomethylated area defined by an Nrul and Mlul recognition site 100–150 kb centromeric of the WT gene WTI (site A) and hypermethylation defined by an Nrul and Sacll site 100 kb telomeric of the WTI gene were found (site B). The degree of methylation in region B varied between 20 and 100% in the different samples; the highest level was observed in tumors without preoperative chemotherapy. The CpG island 5′ of the WTI gene was partially methylated in 2/29 tumors analyzed. The methylation state of regions A and B could reflect the normal pattern present in a subset of embryonal kidney cells, from which WT develops.


The search for new therapies to restore the structural integrity of the periodontium, destroyed by the progression of periodontal disease, has gained new perspectives with the advance in stem cell research and tissue bioengineering. In addition to the embryo, stem cells are also found in various organs and tissues of adult individuals, where they take part in tissue homeostasis, generating new cells owing to physiological renewal and opening new perspectives for regenerating and recovering tissues and organs. These cell populations or adult stem cells have been easily identified by their morphology and location in a the of tissues. The idea that these cells are present in the periodontal ligament is based on the repairing capacity of these cells, given that they can be differentiated in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, fibroblasts and conjunctive tissue components. This literature review aims to discuss the identifying of stem cells in the periodontal ligament, in light of the interest in the regenerative potential of these cells and in their applicability for periodontal regeneration.


With AgNO3, H2O2 and PVP as raw materials, the nano-Ag powder inorganic antibacterial agent was prepared by chemical reduction, then the antibacterial finish was prepared with the nano-Ag poweder as antibacterial agent and acrylate polymer as adhesive. The antibacterial activities of antibacterial agent were evaluated by the halo method. The experiment results showed that better reaction conditions of nano-Ag powder antibacterial agent were as follows: concentration of AgNO3 at 5%, activation time of AgNO3 at 12 h, concentration of H2O2 at 6%, concentration of PVP at 5%, reaction tempetature at 40 ℃, reaction time at 3 h. When the concentration of Ag powder in the antibacterial finish was 0.5 g/L, the diameter of antibacterial ring was 13.1 mm and 13.7 mm respective for staphylococcus and escherichia coli. When the sample after the antibacterial test were placed after six months, the antibacterial rings were also clear and not infected with germ. So the nano-Ag powder have good antibacterial activity and antibacterial durable effect.


Many aspects of intelligent animal behavior require an understanding of the complex spatial relationships between the body and its parts and the coordinate systems of the external world. This thesis deals specifically with the problem of guiding a multi-link arm to a visual target in the presence of obstacles. A simple vision-based kinematic controller and motion planner based on a connectionist network architecture has been developed, called MURPHY. The physical setup consists of a video camera and a Rhino XR-3 robot arm with three joints that move in the image plane of the camera. We assume no a priori model of arm kinematics or of the imaging characteristics of the camera/visual system, and no sophisticated built-in algorithms for obstacle avoidance. Instead, MURPHY builds a model of his arm through a combination of physical and "mental" practice, and then uses simple heuristic search with mental images of his arm to solve visually-guided reaching problems in the presence of obstacles whose traditional algorithmic solutions are extremely complex. MURPHY differs from previous approaches to robot motion-planning primarily in his use of an explicit full-visual-field representation of the workspace. Several other aspects of MURPHY's design are unusual, including the sigma-pi synaptic learning rule, the teacherless training paradigm, and the integration of sequential control within an otherwise connectionist architecture. In concluding sections we outline a series of strong correspondences between the representations and algorithms used by MURPHY, and the psychology, physiology, and neural bases for the programming and control of directed, voluntary arm movements in humans and animals.


It is one of important research subjects to solve fluid-structure coupled problems, e.g., airbag and parachute deployments, where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow fields. Many fluid-structure coupling methods based on ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) moving mesh [1] has been so far implemented for various coupled problems. However the ALE method is not suitable for tracking an interface with large deformation and movement. The reason is that a remeshing algorithm for avoiding the mesh distortion becomes complicated. It might cause marked increase of computational time. In this study, a partitioned fluid-structure coupling algorithm based on Eulerian fixed mesh with level set function, named Signed Distance Function (SDF) [2], is constructed in consideration of the above drawback of the ALE method. A large-deformable interfacial geometry moving as Lagrangian description can be easily expressed as zero level set in an Eulerian fluid domain [3] [4]. Then, it is important to update the level set isosurface according as movement of the interfacial geometry and address kinematical conditions at the interface. In this study, a novel interface treatment using a virtual particle with level set function and structure velocity component is proposed in order to settle these problems. The virtual particles are generated in the normal direction of structure nodes on the interface at equal intervals. In addition, a partitioned solution method, where fluid and structure variables are separately solved by finite element method and they are computed iteratively in each time step, is constructed in consideration of the interface treatment using the virtual particles and future application to large scale fluid-structure interaction problems. The governing equations for fluid are assumed to be compressible, inviscid, and adiabatic. The continuity equation, the equations of motion, and the energy equation are handled as the conservation laws. The fluid system is closed by the equation of state. The advection phases of these equations are computed using CIP (Constrained Interpolation Profile) –FEM [5]. On the other hand, the governing equations for structure are assumed to be compressible and elastic. The equations of motion are solved with the constitutive equation of St. Venant-Kirchhoff material. Furthermore the kinematical and kinetic conditions are imposed on the interface in consideration for slip


Sugar beet is a fleshy root crop processed for sugar production. It is native to temperate countries and hence has been associated with the temperate environments. The leading sugar beet producing regions include the European Union, the USA and Russia. Despite being a temperate crop, sugar beet trials have been going on in some selected tropical countries (e.g. India and South Africa). Proponents of tropical sugar beet production argue that this would be a viable solution to problems facing sugarcane farmers in the tropics. According to David and Young (1981), sugar beet matures and is ready for harvest in 5-6 months. The short maturity period of sugar beet may result in a quick and reliable income for farmers, unlike sugarcane that matures in 18-24 months in Kenya. Observations on two cultivars grown at Mumias have illustrated a technical potential for sugar beet production. The crop established in July 2005 (short rains season) recorded over 95% germination. It showed fair resistance to pests and diseases and the tuber sizes were within the normal ranges of those reported elsewhere. Yield estimation at 5-6 months indicated a potential of 40-47 tons/ha. Introduction of sugar beet in Kenya would supplement sugarcane production, resulting in sugar crops diversification. This may culminate in a regular income for farmers as well as domestic sugar security.


As part of a broader observational study, 25 members of a Barbados Spiritual Baptist congregation and its Patriarch, along with 13 nonmembers of the church, took part in formal semi-structured interviews, in addition to informal conversations with many others. The purpose was to elicit detailed qualitative impressions of their experiences related to the evolving use of sacred garments within the rituals of the church. Over the 55 years of its development, the church experienced three phases marked by the gathering of spiritual and material strength of the members and their Leader. Members reported experiences of enhanced subjective well-being arising from their wearing of specific religious vestments they received as intended for them by the Holy Spirit with the Leader as mediator. The findings are in keeping with a body of scholarly literature and may guide further quantitative research about the place of sacred garments in the beliefs and practices of this Caribbean faith group.


The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and identification of lktA variant strains of F. necrophorum in the foot rot lesions of sheep. The detection of F. necrophorum was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the leukotoxin ( lktA ) gene fragment and identification of lktA variant strains was done by PCR–Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and gene sequencing of the 450 swabs collected from foot rot lesions of sheep, 117 were positive for F. necrophorum of the 50 swabs collected from apparently asymptomatic sheep, only one was positive for F. necrophorum . The overall prevalence of F. necrophorum in foot rot affected sheep in Kashmir valley was 26%, with the highest prevalence of 34.8% recorded in samples from the districts of Kulgam and Pulwama, and the lowest (20%) in Baramulla district. PCR-SSCP of lktA gene fragment revealed the presence of three lktA variants, designated as JKS-F1/ F2/ F3, while two samples (1.70%) showed the presence of multiple lktA variant strains of F. necrophorum on a single foot rot affected sheep hoof. The JKS-F3 was the most frequent (75.4%), followed by JKS-F2 (14.4%) and JKS-F1 (8.4%) lktA variant, respectively. Of the three lktA variants identified, JKS-F3 was detected in 74 (86.0%) out of 86 samples taken from foot rot affected sheep with lesion score The data suggest that JKS-F3 is the predominant and most adapted lktA variant of F. necrophorum and is associated with severe foot rot in sheep, hence a significant variant contributing to the severity and duration of the disease. This appears to be the first report on the presence of more than one lktA variant of F. necrophorum in a foot rot lesion of sheep.


Editor, We read with interest the paper by Laske and Niggemann (1) in which 345 children with atopic dermatitis were investigated regarding the severity of their disease assessed by SCORAD index and total IgE levels. This provides useful data in this troublesome condition. We raise the following two issues. The authors state that the correlation between SCORAD score and total serum IgE levels was statistically highly significant, on the basis of the p-value (<0.001). However, the scatter diagram depicts a wide range of IgE (<2.0–13,155 kU/l), at all levels of SCORAD score. R 1⁄4 0.31 is a weak correlation and generally it is considered that more than 0.4 is meaningful. This appears to greatly limit its potential clinical value. Secondly, the authors report that, mean serum IgE levels in children within the high SCORAD quartile was significantly higher than in the low SCORAD quartile (5443 kU/l vs. 488 kU/l; p < 0.001). Although a mean is the most common measure of position, it is very sensitive to outlying values and it can be quite misleading to compare distribution of skewed data using the mean. An alternative measure of position, in this situation, is the median, and it is particularly useful when the distribution is skewed (2). We assume that these data were non-parametrical as a result of the log range used. We would be interested to learn the authors view of our comments, especially because their conclusion that serum IgE levels correlate with the degree of eczema , could result in a significant increase in the routine measurement of IgE in children with atopic dermatitis.


The incidence of hepatitis B virus infection is increasing. In England and Wales reported cases reached almost 2000 in 1984 and resulted in 30 deaths.' Chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are legacies of this infection. In Britain about 2-4% of the normal population have serological evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus, and at least 0-1% remain carriers. Some of these carriers will transmit infection parenterally, sexually, or perinatally.2 Among health service staffan increase ofinfection with hepatitis B virus of25% has been recorded for 1980-4 over the figure for 1975-9'; the annual incidence of infection with hepatitis B virus among laboratory scientific staff, surgeons, physicians, and nurses is now 37, 25, 11, and 4 per 100 000 respectively. This shows an important lifetime cumulative risk. ' The biggest increase in infection with hepatitis B virus has, however, been among intravenous drug abusers and homosexual men,' though preliminary unpublished data reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre show that the rate of infection has fallen substantially in this group in the past year. In 1982 the Department of Health and Social Services issued guidance on who should receive hepatitis B vaccine.3 Those identified included: staff working in residential institutions for. the mentally handicapped; those in regular contact with identified carriers of hepatitis B virus-such as those working in haemophilia centres; laboratory workers regularly exposed to infected material; and staff seconded overseas to endemic areas. Patients identified for immunisation included those entering residential institutions for the mentally handicapped; those maintained on long term dialysis who plan to receive haemodialysis abroad; and non-immune sexual partners of e antibody negative carriers. In the four years since these recommendations were made notified cases have doubled.' Vaccine uptake has been low even among health staff at risk, although the British Dental Association has recommended that all dentists, dental nurses, and hygienists in direct contact with patients should be immunised, and the Royal College ofNursing has advised nurses to do likewise. Efforts to immunise health care staff at risk have met with only a 56% uptake in one centre.4 Reasons for refusing immunisation included anxiety about adverse reactions, safety in pregnancy, and the possible transmission of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). But more than 2 million doses have been given worldwide, confirming the vaccine to be generally well tolerated. And there is no risk of transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).'-7


In this paper the self-generation of a periodic sequence of the chaotic MW pulses in the ring chaos generator with the magnetostatic wave signal-to-noise enhancer is demonstrated.


A 9216 bit NMOS/CCD memory organized as 1024 words by 9 bits is described. It employs a buried channel two phase charge-coupled device (CCD) storage cell combined with n-channel silicon gate Isoplanar (TM) MOS technology for logic functions and TTL compatible interfacing. Techniques of charge detection by using internally generated reference voltages are detailed. A low noise CCD input writing scheme and a dynamic sense-refresh cell are described. Input-output logic is given that permits operating modes of read, write, read-modify-write, and recirculate. Operation at the specification limits of 100 kHz and 2 MHz is shown.


The utility model discloses a multi-layer automatic dispensing machine which comprises a framework, medicine receiving devices, mounting plates, sealing devices, medicine discharging devices and a transportation device, wherein the framework is divided into 2-4 layers; two sliding rails arranged side by side are arranged on each layer; the sliding rails are connected with the corresponding medicine receiving device in a sliding manner; the mounting plates and the sealing devices are arranged above the medicine receiving devices; 60-200 mounting holes for mounting the medicine discharging devices are formed in the mounting plates; and the transportation device is arranged on the side face of the framework. A dispensing method based on the multi-layer automatic dispensing machine comprises the following steps: filling medicine cups, repeatedly discharging medicines and switching layers, performing sealing after the medicines are discharged, and taking the cups. Due to the control of the mechanical automatic procedure, the medicine filling speed is high, the time and the labor are saved, cross infection of the medicines is avoided, so that the medicines are clean; and the machine is easy to disassemble and convenient to maintain.


Using comparable data sets for five African countries, we evaluate possible explanations for the employer-size wage effect across these countries. Our results indicate that, apart from observable worker characteristics, most theories cannot explain very much of the wage premium received in larger firms. Moreover, we find that the employer-size wage effect does not differ greatly across the five African countries. As is the case with other developing nations, however, the effect is larger than that found in the industrialised world, though unlike the industrialised world it is larger for white collar workers than for blue collar workers. Data for one of the African countries, in conjunction with other evidence, suggest that this may in part be the result of skill-biased technology having a greater effect on the firmi¯s size-wage distribution across skill groups in developing countries.


This report is meant for institutional investors. Sections discuss: the science of climate change; global emissions - abatement scenario; coal - the world's dominant fuel for electric generation; CO{sub 2} transport and storage; nuclear energy - the new green solution; renewable energy - harnessing the power of water, wind and sun; regulation; increasing energy efficiency - the lowest cost option; enhancing the efficiency of electric applications; enhancing the efficiency of transportation; macroeconomic implications; and investment implications.


This paper examines two different passive formations in Malagasy. Although one passive appears to promote certain types of adjuncts, it is shown that these adjuncts can appear in an NP argument position. Passive in Malagasy is thus argued to uniquely promote NP arguments to subject position.


Surgeon-Major Kleine, and in spite of repeated microscopical examinations no trace of trypanosome could ever be discovered. But the dog experiment in this case, as well as in that of the Togo mare, proved the existence of trypanosomes. This artidcially-immunized animal, in spite of apparent good health, retained thl trypanosome for years. It was in the eame condition as the large antelopes andl buffaloes which are, according to those most experienced in the tsetse regions, the principal source of tsetse infection. If we were to attempt to make whole herds of cattle immune in this way we would produce more permanent sources of infection, and tsetse disease, which we hoped to exterminate by artificial immunization, would in this way be permanently retained. Under these circumstances it will be clearly understood that [ do not think it advisable to combat tsetse disease by artiticial immunization.