Main challenge with denoising applications using conventional image filtering with fixed size windows is the smearing or blurring of various region boundaries. This blurring is the visual representation of deviation in estimated denoised value (region mean) due to the presence of heterogeneous (or dissimilar pixels) regions in region-averaging along with the homogenous (or similar pixels) regions. Thus an adaptive window shape selection using only the most similar pixels (G-Neighbor) within the fixed window can avoid the presence of such undesired heterogeneous regions from mean intensity calculation. This Variable Pixel G-Neighbor filter is implemented using CMOS circuits and further simulated in MATLAB. This analog hardware approach demonstrates the possibilities in visual quality enhancement in image acquisition stages itself. Also the near-real time response of this pre-processor offers a practical solution to image computing problems caused by image quality and processing resources limitations. The improvement in image quality is evaluated by comparing results from conventional Mean Filter and its modified version using Variable Pixel G-Neighbor Filter. Metrics evaluates the signal strength enhancement (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, PSNR), amount of noise removal (Mean Square Error, MSE), and structural preservation which indicates minimal deformation or blurring (Structural Similarity Index Measure, SSIM). From sample result it is shown that proposed approach offers PSNR = 41.25, MSE = 3.9, SSIM = 0.85 against conventional mean filter having values 38.64, 7.4, and 0.71 respectively.


Objective:To investigate the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) in aquatic products in Gongshu district of Hangzhou city with the detection and analysis of bacteria serotype,virulence genes and drug resistance and provide the basis for the aquatic food safety and food-borne disease prevention and control.Methods:VP were isolated and identified from aquatic products according to the Chinese National Standard GB/T4789.7 2008.KB method was used for drug sensitive test,Real-Time PCR was used for detection of virulence genes.Results:One hundred and sixteen strains of VP virus were isolated from 160 samples(The total detection rate was 72.5%).The detection rate in shellfish from saltwater was 74.64%(103/138) and from freshwater was 59.09%(13/22).One hundred and sixteen VP strains belonged to nine serogroups,the main serogroups were O11 and O4 serogroup(20.69% and 18.10% respectively),followed by O5 and O10 serogroup.O6 and O8 serogroup were also isolated,which were relatively rare.All of the strains didn't contain toxic genes tdh and trh.Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and amoxycillin with the ratio of 83.62% and 78.45% respectively.All the strains showed sensitivity to gentamicin and doxycycline.Conclusion:The shellfishes from Gongshu markets were highly contaminated by VP.The isolated strains had antimicrobial resistance to a certain extent and belonged to different serogroups,indicating it was necessary for food regulatory department to strengthen monitoring of VP in aquatic products circulation and eating.


Abstract:"What exactly does it mean for race not to matter?" Lisa M. Anderson's 2006 essay delivers a profound and far-reaching answer: that, in the "colorblind" dreams of American life or of the theater, the disappearance of race signifies merely the disappearing trick of whiteness. Theater engages what Patricia Hill Collins terms "controlling images," and the power of these shaping fantasies means that we keep, and must keep, answering the question, in shifting contexts. This essay examines two productions of A Midsummer Night's Dream produced in the same year, one in North America (Shakespeare Theatre Company, Washington DC), one in South Africa, (Artscape, Cape Town), with particular attention to the casting and presentation of the lovers. In 2012, Ethan McSweeney cast a white Hermia and Lysander and a black Helena and Demetrius for his DC production, dividing the lovers into two (hierarchical) classes occupying different worlds: a creative class (privileged, rebellious, liberal, and white) and a consumerist class (aspirational, fawning, conservative, and black). In this arrangement, with casting and design working together to "tell a story," interracial love was staged as mismatching, a swerving from the natural bias—notably, both after and before the love potion is administered. Fred Abrahamse's South African production of the same year told a very different story, favoring interracial love and a playful awareness of sameness and difference, and showing the lovers not worlds apart but part of the same world. However, here too class and economics (and race) matter.


Given the present day and age we live in, it is vital that the world considers the various natural resources available to us and how to best make use of them. Furthermore, it is imperative nowadays to look at the many environmentally friendly energy sources which will reduce the ill effects of global warming and provide a host of economic and social benefits too. One such beneficial resource is wind and the consequent conversion of wind energy into electricity. In fact, the advantages of wind energy are so immense that even the government has begun promoting it. Since generating electricity from wind doesn't emit any green house gases or produce any particulate emissions, it massively reduces the rate of global climate change, and at the same time doesn't contaminate our water resources such as lakes and reservoir.Wind energy provides security and stability in the national consumer energy market. By reducing a nation's dependency on foreign fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, spikes in fossil fuel costs or other supply disruptions will not have as much of an adverse impact on the national economy. Also the price of wind energy is relatively stable because there are no fuel costs, which is a major operating expense for most coal and gas fired electric generation facilities. Although wind farms occupy large swaths of land, wind turbine towers themselves take up less space, only a few meters at their base. This leaves space to utilize the land around the turbine tower for several other purposes, such as ranching or agriculture. The application of advanced technologies has succeeded in making the conversion of wind energy much more resourceful and well-organized. Furthermore, wind is a proven clean, free and renewable form of energy that preserves our natural resources. Wind energy conserves water resources as wind farms virtually require no cooling, as opposed to natural gas, coal and nuclear power plants that require a tremendous amount of water for cooling. In fact, electricity generation is the leading contributor to water withdrawals from our nation's water reservoirs. Since wind turbines come in an array of different sizes, they are a great resource to generate energy in remote locations to support varying population levels. The use of wind energy reduces Greenhouse Gas emissions, and increases security and stability by diversifying the national electricity portfolio. Apart from environmental profits, there are many social and economic advantages too in promoting wind energy. One of these is that the promotion of wind energy assists in revitalizing rural economies, thereby creating jobs at the ground level, such as assembly workers, surveyors, engineers, lawyers, bankers, technicians, to name just a few. In doing so, it also benefits local communities, mainly in the form of property tax revenues and new types of income for landowners through land lease payments.


Objective To study the anatomic features of radical lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer and find a proper approach for laparoscopic lymph nodes resection.Methods Via 29 cases of laparoscopic radical resection of distal gastric cancer and 6 cadaver dissections,we obsered the anatomic mark point in laparoscopic vision,available anatomic space and the differences from open-operation.Results Twenty-fire patients underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,4 patients had conversion to open surgery for tumor invasion or fixed lymph nodes.The number of harvested lymph nodes was 11~32.The potential space between mensentery and ligament.pancreas,middle colic vessel and left gastric vessel can be used as mark points for laparoscopic surgery for distal gastric cancer,due to their obvious and fixed site.Conclusions Lymphadenectomy in the right space by use of anatomic mark point in laparoscopic vision is safer and more standardized.Laparoscopic anatomic features can provide theoretical basis for laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.


Abstract In [33], Wang proved that for every Finsler three-dimensional sphere (S3,F)${(S^{3},F)}$ with reversibility λ and flag curvature K satisfying (λ/(1+λ))2<K≤1${(\lambda/({1+\lambda}))^{2}<K\leq 1}$, there exist at least three distinct closed geodesics. In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler three-dimensional sphere (S3,F)$(S^{3},F)$ with reversibility λ and flag curvature K satisfying (9/4)(λ/(1+λ))2<K≤1${(9/4)(\lambda/(1+\lambda))^{2}<K\leq 1}$ with λ<2${\lambda<2}$, if there exist exactly three prime closed geodesics, then two of them are irrationally elliptic and the third one is infinitely degenerate.


An accelerated primer design method thereof, by using a plurality of primers target molecule is accelerated isothermal amplification, the upper portion of the target molecule B1 region to F1 region having a region FB; when a plurality of primers at the 3 'end of the F2 identical sequence regions, and 'having a complementary sequence of the F1 region FIP primer terminal side, having the F3 primer and the F3 region having the same sequence in the 3' 5 having the B2 region complementary sequence and having a 5 'terminus B1 region end when the same sequence BIP primer having a sequence complementary to the region B3 B3 primer, in accordance with the FB region at different locations to provide a complementary strand synthesis origin primers acceleration primer. A method for detecting a target molecule, amplification by hybridization product with a nucleic acid probe to detect the occurrence of the target molecule. For isothermal DNA amplification kit comprising: primer F3, B3, FIP, BIP; accelerating primer; DNA polymerase; strand displacement-type enzyme; buffer; dNTP. The present invention is suitable for detecting the target molecule primer design.


Soil salinity can affect the absorption and transportation of mineral nutrition of plants, and the nutritional retaining of the soil. To investigate the nutritional supply⁃demand relationship between soil and plants under soil salinity conditions, we performed irrigation experiments using one⁃year old of Populus× euramericana 'Neva' seedlings, and the contents of microelements, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and ecological stoichiometry were analyzed. The results showed htt p:/ /w ww .ec olo gic a.c n http: / / www.ecologica.cn that: ( 1) Under non⁃magnetized brackish water ( NMBW) irrigation, the Fe content in both leaves and roots was decreased, whereas the Cu content was increased, and the Zn and Mn contents were increased in leaves and decreased in roots. The total carbon content of leaves and roots was promoted by NMBW irrigation, whereas the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were reduced; the C / N ratio decreased in leaves was decreased, while the C / N and C / P ratios were elevated in roots. (2) Under magnetized brackish water (MBW) irrigation, the contents of Fe, Zn and Cu were improved in both leaves and roots, and Mn contents was decreased. The total carbon and phosphorus contents and C / N ratio of leaves were increased, while the N content was decreased; and the total carbon content, and C / N and C / P ratios of roots were promoted. (3) Under NMBW irrigation, the Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of the soil were decreased, whereas the content of available microelements were increased; and the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, and the C / P and N / P ratios were decreased, but the total phosphorus content and the C / N ratio were increased. (4) The total content of Fe, Mn and Zn of the soil were improved by MBW irrigation, as were the available content of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, whereas the total Cu content decreased. The organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, and the C / P and N / P ratios in soil were all increased. Therefore, the magnetization improved the absorption and distribution of microelements in plants and could also improve the N sequestration capacity of soil and the C supply of plants. Moreover, the magnetization could increase the Fe content and C / N ratio of plants under salinity conditions, which could maintain normal photosynthesis rates and improve plant growth and development under salt⁃stress.


A new approach is presented for the calculation of p(n) and pi(n) which uses the Lambert W function. An approximation is first found and using a calculation technique it makes it possible to have an estimate of these two quantities more precise than those known from Cipolla and Riemann. The calculation of p(n) uses an approximation using the Lambert W function and an estimate based on a logarithmic least square curve LLS: c(n) The function c(n) is the same in both cases. The two formulas are p(n) = -n*(W(-1,-exp(1)/n)) - c(n)*n/W(0,n) pi(n) = {-n*(W(-1,-exp(1)/n)) - c(n)*n/W(0,n)} ^ (-1). c(n) = 0.00074741174603301665420395275429537*ln(n)+ 0.88596350453664534160747106131754 The results presented are empirical and apply up to n = 10^16.


Food industry becomes one of the main sources of income for local community in Malaysia. Thus knowledge on halal food is so crucial to be studied. This paper tends to investigate some types of traditional halal food and to analyse the entrepreneurs' knowledge on the subject. To meet these objectives, a set of questionnaire was then constructed to gather information on the issue. Using the non-probability sampling techniques, about 300 food industry entrepreneurs from the State of Terengganu and Kelantan were selected. The research indicates that there are 10 types of foods identified as traditional foods such as fish cracker, traditional Malay dessert, ketchup, fish sauce, chilli sauce, canned food, mee hoon, Malay traditional noodles, rice, and flying bread. Analysis on these traditional food industries shows that the most popular types of food industries out of 10 are rice dishes of its various kind followed by mee hoon and traditional Malay dessert as well as fish cracker. In addition, majority of the respondents have a good knowledge on halal food concept in Islam. More than half of the respondents have experiences and some exposure about halal food. Almost all of the respondents have a good knowledge on the concept of Al-Tayyibat (all kinds of lawful food) mentioned by the Quran. They were also able to differentiate between good and bad food as well as giving their full concerns over hygiene foods in terms of ways of preparing, processing and marketing.


Abstract Background Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a sequel to visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is found in VL-endemic countries including Bangladesh. Because of these enigmatic cases, the success of the National Kala-azar Elimination Program is under threat. To date, diagnostic methods for PKDL cases in endemic regions have been limited to clinical examination and rK39 test or microscopy, and a suitable and accurate alternative method is needed. In this study, we investigated the application of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a potential method for diagnosis of PKDL in comparison with microscopy. Methods Ninety-one suspected macular PKDL cases from Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, were enrolled in the study after diagnosis by clinical examination and an rK39 strip test. All of them responded after completion of the treatment with miltefosine. During enrollment, a skin biopsy was done for each patient, and both microscopy and real-time PCR were performed for detection and quantification of Leishmania donovan body (LDB) and LD DNA, respectively. Results Real-time PCR detected 83 cases among all suspected PKDL patients, with an encouraging sensitivity of 91.2% (83.4%–96.1%), whereas microscopy showed 50.6% (39.9%–61.2%) sensitivity. Among all suspected PKDL cases, 42 cases were positive in both microscopy and qPCR, whereas 41 cases were detected as positive through qPCR only. Conclusions This study provides evidence that real-time PCR is a promising tool for diagnosis of PKDL in endemic regions. In addition to diagnosis, the quantitative ability of this method could be further exploited for after-treatment prognosis and cure assessment of PKDL cases.


Obective:To observe the early stage change of retinal micrangium in diabetic rat. Methods: Thirty Wister rat were used in this study for two groups, experiment and control. The rats in experiment group were induced diabetes with streptozocin. The weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA 1c , and the morphology of retinal micrangium were observed in the 4th ,6th and 12th weeks after the occurrence of diabetes. Results: FBG of diabetic rats was above 19mmol/L in all course of diabetes ( P 0.001). HbA 1c of diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of the control ( P 0.05), but the weight of diabetic rats was markedly lower than that of the control ( P 0.05). The morphological examination shown that the abnormal of retinal micrangium was not found in 4th weeks after diabetes. The decreased of cell number in retinal micrangium was seen in 6th weeks after diabetes. In 12th weeks after diabetes, besides the number of cells in retinal micrangium reduced, the abnormal of morphology was also observed. During the experimental period, the abnormal in retinal micrangium was not seen in control group.Conclusions: The decreased of cell number in retinal micrangium is the early stage change in diabetic rats, then the changes of morphology take place.


Under the general classification of the Abingdon Religious Education Texts this volume is designed with reference to the 'Week-Day School Series. It is neither technical nor comprehensive. 'I'he style is very good. The arrangement of the material is largely chronological, though the author feels free to introduce here and there a topical discussion, as in the chapter on "Opposition of Scribes and Pharisees," etc. 'I'here is a constant play of historical sidelights which lends vividness and charm. Additional assistance is found in excellent illustrations, maps and snggestive questions. The Biblical text used has been paraphrased in modern English. In a volume characterized by so many excellent features one notes with regret the absence of any emphatic teaching on the part of the author as to the Virgin Birth of -Iesus. The interpretation of the phrase" The Son of Man" on pages 51-2 is a little ambiguous; a clearer and more correct view is that found later (pages 160-1). As a self-designation it was certainly not employed by Jesus to express the same content as that in the popular expectation. As a veiled messianic title it had a strange sound to those who asked, "What kind of a Son of Man is this?" Again, Jesus is pictured as utterly amazed at his baptism when His Father's voice was heard. But why? He knew before that he was the Messiah. One also wonders why the author should


The present invention discloses an improved structure of a screwdriver cassette comprising a cassette body and a lid, is provided with transverse rail on the inner wall of at least one of both the case and the lid, the box body and the lid both at least one of before the internal spacer provided with at least one groove of the base, hinged to the socket housing seat bottom, head screwdriver or access upon insertion, the socket housing can flips upwardly to close the screwdriver cassette, the socket housing flipped to the horizontal to the groove base is movable in the transverse rail, the needs of the user according to the size of the space between the groove base and the groove base regulate, then the base of the groove the positioning means fixed, so that the screw storage access driver and more convenient and flexible; vivo since box body and the lid are provided with lateral guide grooves of the base and socket housing, each socket is provided on the seat, the two rows of jacks, the increase the number of store screwdriver box.


The concept of stability is an important criterion for trait anxiety measures. In the present study the stability of the Receiver Apprehension Test (RAT) was investigated.


By default, a real time digital simulator will execute a simulation case and provide the solution for the controls and power system every time-step (typically 50 musec). The length of the time step is decided by the time taken to execute the longest component algorithm. The component in question may be that for a protective relay which takes in new data only every 1 or 2 milliseconds. The idea behind a multithreaded component is that a protection algorithm does not need to be executed every time-step. A component algorithm can be separated into individual blocks of code processed independently of each other to create a multi-threaded component running within the main simulation. Details are given of this process and how it is applied to several relay models.


The mechanical property of the beam flange influences the deformation capacity. When yield point, the yield ratio and strain hardening rate are low, deformation capacity of beam to column welded connection excels. 0°C Charpy absorbed energy of heat affected zone which was the fracture starting point was 130J or more. The Charpy absorbed energy at 0°C of the beam flange did not influence the deformation capacity. The specimen of the plastic region with a low yield ratio is larger than the specimen with a high yield ratio.


This paper reports an empirical investigation on the moderating effects of the tourism by- products in building Sarawak destination image. Using causal research design through a quantitative method, self-reported and self-administered questionnaire, this study surveyed international tourists who had visited Sarawak and experienced the state core tourism products which include purchasing the local tourism by-products. Through the descriptive and inferential statistics, some useful insights about the issue investigated were significantly obtained. It's interesting to note that besides experiencing the tourism core products, the Sarawak Tourism by-products are also catching the international tourist's attention. The moderating effect of tourism by-products on the relationship between tourism core products (culture, adventure, and nature) and Sarawak destination image was empirically confirmed. In fact, in addition to the core culture, adventure and nature product, the local tourism by- products undeniably building and strengthening the image of Sarawak as a tourist destination. This promising indication is, therefore, should not be ignored by the state government, tourism authority, tour operators, the local government, hotels and other related local authorities.


In this paper,the effects of simulated SO2 pollution on chlorophyll content,fluorescence parameters,anti-oxidant capacity and sulfite oxidase activity(EC.184.108.40.206) were determined in the excised leaves of eight common fruit trees of Guangdong province,which included Clausena lansium,Litchi chinensis,Dimocarpus longan,Psidium guajava,Mangifera indical,Chaenomeles sinensis,Musa nana and Averrhoa carambola.The results indicated that the chlorophyll content of eight fruit trees all decreased in varying degrees and there were significant differences with the raise in concentration of simulated SO2.The photosystem Ⅱ of L.chinensis,C.sinensis,P.guajava and A.carambola were severely damaged under high concentration of SO2 stress.The anti-oxidant capacities of eight fruit trees increased firstly,and then decreased with the raise in concentration of simulated SO2,while the activities of sulfite oxidase all rose in varying degrees.The present results indicated that C.lansium,D.longan,M.indical and M.nana had greater tolerance to SO2 pollution than the other four fruit trees,and they had higher economic benefits under the background of the worsening SO2 pollution.


Background : Cardiocirculatory effects of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) have not been systematically studied in extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW) infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hsPDA on the left ventricular output (LVO) and organ blood flows in ELBW infants with RDS.


- This study aims to find out what factors influence Indomaret and Alfamart customers switching services to minimarket 212 Mart. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method with a total sample of 100 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and tested using factor analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that out of 24 factors there are 8 factors that influence the shift of spending from the Indomaret and Alfamart minimarkets to minimarket 212 Mart in Batam Kota District, namely: Factors in the nature of goods, price factors, and failure in service, reliability factor of price suitability, inconvenience, accidental factors and location proximity factors.


The present experiment attempted to integrate the research on helpfulness in which subjects work for someone else in an artificial laboratory setting (Berkowitz & Daniels, 1963; Berkowitz, 1972) with the bystander-intervention-in-emergencies studies often carried out under more realistic conditions (e.g., Latane & Darley, 1970; Schwartz & Clausen, 1970; Clark & Word, 1972). Fifty-six university women in a 2 × 2 factorial design were led to think they were working for a same-sex peer who could win a cash prize, although there was "nothing in it for them." Half were told that the other's chance of getting the prize was greatly dependent upon their effort while the remaining participants were informed that the other did not need their-work very much. Moreover, half of the subjects thought they were the only ones working for the other whereas the remaining people believed there were two other co-workers and that the output from all three would be averaged. It was expected that the participants would feel the greatest personal responsibility to help the other and would work hardest for her when she was greatly dependent upon their productivity and they were the only worker, while the subjects would feel the lowest level of personal responsibility for their peer and would be least helpful to her when she was not particularly dependent upon them and there were two other co-workers. The findings are generally in accord with these expectations.


MnO2 is the only iron-group compound having rutile structure in which the magnetic spins of cations along the c axis are not ferromagnetically coupled. The semi-empirical `Goodenough-Kanamori' rules for superexchange interactions, coupled with the direct t2g-t2g interactions proposed by Goodenough in certain situations, can satisfactorily account for the magnetic structure of this oxide. A significant modification of the spiral magnetic structure proposed by Yoshimori seems to be required.


The METAVIR score was specifically elaborated and evaluated in chronic hepatitis C, is scoring system for evaluation the inflammatory activity and fibrosis on liver biopsies, although it ultrasound may indicate the fibrosis degree. Objective To present a pictorial essay by composing histological, ultrasound and elastography images of the METAVIR score of fibrosis. Method Using software for image composition, based on the sonographic image of the liver with degrees of fibrosis, secondary to hepatitis C, we adapted the corresponding histological image (METAVIR) and presented a pictorial essay. Results The correlation of the anatomical image with the sonographic image and of the histological image with the corresponding sonographic image and elastography image are demonstrated. Conclusion Ultrasonographic features and elastography in evaluation hepatic fibrosis present in hepatitis C can correlate with histological features METAVIR score.


Abstract : Given an aircraft's position and velocity at time t sub 0 and the limits on the rate at which the aircraft executes horizontal turns, what is the set of all possible position at time t, given the change in heading at time t and that the speed is unchanged.


A patient's sex is likely to play an important role in facial paralysis reanimation, with women being superior in terms of development of brain plasticity after reanimation. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of movement dissociation and spontaneity of men versus women reanimated with gracilis transfer neurotized to the masseteric nerve.


Summary form only given. We report experimental observations of second harmonic generation from single micron-sized polystyrene spheres on a substrate. The observations are unusual because the signal magnitude can be enormously enhanced compared to the substrate response. This enhancement depends on particle size and sphere composition. Micron-sized spheres such as these are important in a variety of fields ranging from colloidal science, to optical tweezing and microrheology in cell biology.


In this paper, a small hydropower plant working at variable speeds is analyzed. The energy conversion system contains a propeller turbine, which is coupled directly with a permanent magnet synchronous generator that is connected with a power system through a power electronic converter (PEC). The PEC that consists of a diode bridge rectifier and a DPC-SVM controlled inverter is described using the average value modeling method. The presented analysis considers only the fundamental harmonic component of ac currents and voltages. The system components are structured in the form of equivalent circuits that also include the power losses. The turbine model consists of the discharge and torque characteristics, which are approximated by analytical formulas based on the turbine hill diagram. The dynamic features represent the speed limiter of the guide vane governor and the mass of water, which fills the turbine chamber and the inlet and outlet pipes. The model is verified on a prototype hydropower plant with nominal power of 150 kW by the steady-state characteristic and a transient performance comparison. Such approach is found to minimize the necessary measurement, simplify the description, and provide satisfactory accuracy of the hydroset model.


The use of Petri nets (PNs) to create control systems has many advantages, because of their formalism, graphical presentation and the possibility of parallel processes control. One of the few fuzzy PNs that was used directly in the control system is the fuzzy interpreted Petri net (FIPN). However, there is a long way from a control algorithm in the form of FIPN to its practical implementation. The paper proposes a method of partially automatic program code generation using Structured Text (ST) supported by the IEC 61131-3 from graphical form of FIPN. To carry out the research FIPN Simulator (called the FIPN-SML) was used. This computer tool allows modeling of the graphic form of FIPN and automatic creating PLC program.


The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the application of Value Clarification Technique (VCT) to ecoliteracy and critical thinking skills of elementary school students in learning social study. The method used in this study was a quasi experimental design with non- equivalent control group design, using the two study groups. Subjects in this study were students of class IV Komplek SDN Cijerah Indah, Kecamatan Bandung Kulon Kota Bandung. The experimental group was given the treatment of learning Value Clarification Technique (VCT) and the control group was given conventional learning. The results showed that in general there is a difference between learners ecoliteracy experimental class and control class and critical thinking skills among learners experimental class and control class after each class has been getting treatment that has been set.


The chapter begins with a brief introduction to the history of writing in Africa. It goes on to describe the indigenous African scripts: the Tifinagh family of scripts; West African syllabaries, which include Vai, Mende, Kpelle, Loma, and Bambara scripts; West African alphabets, which include Bassa, Nko, Wolof, and some Hausa scripts; Bamum and Bagam scripts; East African scripts, including Somali alphabets (Osmanya, Gadabuursi, and Kaddariya), Oromo script, Beria alphabet, and some Nubian scripts. A separate section is devoted to the invention of writing within religious communities (Obɛri Ɔkaimɛ, Yoruba "holy" script, and Mandombe). Then, several recent attempts at orthography development from the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century are analyzed: Fula alphabets, Bété syllabary, Nwagu Aneke Igbo syllabary, Aka Umuagbara script, Mwangwego script, and some others. A description of writing systems among African diasporas conclude the chapter.


DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2017.5.11.11 Abstract: This study covers the area of using adult education and vocational education for entrepreneurship development. The study covers definition of adult education, entrepreneurship, vocational education etc. The study also emphasized on some training in Adult education and vocational education. It also delved into entrepreneurship development skills that can be acquired through adult education and vocational education. The researcher also explained entrepreneurship education and some core knowledge one can acquire through entrepreneurship education. The relationship between adult education, vocational education and entrepreneurship education were mentioned. The importance of entrepreneurship education was also emphasized. The researchers concluded by encouraging the out of school children and adults who could not attend formal education to enroll in any adult education programmes in order to acquire knowledge and skills. Recommendations are that government should provide and equip adult literacy centres for skill acquisition and provide micro-finance institutions to support the learners to establish and run good business.


Vector fluxgate magnetometers are an important category of geomagnetic sensors in aircrafts' navigation and sensing applications for compact form factor and low power consumption relative to their quantum counterparts. In this work, a navigation grade vector fluxgate magnetometer is developed with a traditional transformer based square-wave exciter. It is shown, by both experimental results and theoretical analysis, that the excitation distortion due to the capacitance and resistance internal to the transformer is a main interference source limiting the magnetometer's noise performance. For improvement, a digital filter is introduced in to process the noise. And still, all the calibrations are also managed by digital processing. The results show that: (1) the noise of the proposed magnetometer is 0.1nT(RMS) at 0.1-1Hz, and 0.347nT(RMS) at 0.1-20Hz; (2) the analogy circuit of the proposed fluxgate magnetometer has a power consumption of only 0.3w, and the total power consumption is 1.1W.


Abstract A digital X-ray radiography methodology is proposed for quality assessment of aluminium–zinc coated steel dissimilar lap joints produced by a friction stir welding process. This methodology uses digital frame integration for acquisition of data to reduce the image noise followed by high pass filtering to sharpen the image by gradient operation and contrast adjustments to detect micro defects in FSW joints. The effect of welding parameters such as rotational and travel speed of weld tool and penetration depth on quality of the weld is studied. The new methodology has resulted in three-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with improved defect detection sensitivity. The present study clearly shows that the weld tool rotational speed, travel speed and plunger depth have a decisive role on the quality of the weld obtained by the friction stir welding process.


We develop the basic fine structure theory of the minimal model of the Largest Suslin Axiom. In particular, we prove that that the minimal model of the Largest Suslin Axiom satisfies the Mouse Set Conjecture, and that the Proper Forcing Axiom implies the minimal model of the Largest Suslin Axiom exists.


Problem statement: The IEEE802.11 standard states that all stations have the same
probability of accessing the network, but does not consider important parameters such as transmission
rates and signal-to-noise ratios. However, these networks present an anomaly that allows a station with
a low transmission rate to use the communication channel for a long time. Approach: In this context,
this study presents a Quality of Service (QoS) policy, based on the implementation of the IEEE802.11e
standard, that aims to keep or find the most fair scenario for IEEE802.11 networks. Hence, an
algorithm for determining a fairness index is proposed based on physical parameters such as
connection rates, service types and necessary conditions for the communication service. Results: The
results obtained using the NS2 simulation software show that the proposed QoS policy was able to
improve the network throughput or, at least, to keep a condition similar to the original one, when the
proposed policy was not applied. Conclusion: All simulated scenarios presented a network
performance gain or, at least, a similar result when compared to the results obtained when the
IEEE802.11 standard was applied.


The invention concerns a component (1) with a radiation-emitting optoelectronic component (2), wherein the component (2) having a bottom surface on a top side (30) of a first carrier (3) is arranged, wherein the first support (3) transparent to the radiation of the component (2), wherein the first support (3) having a bottom (31) on an upper surface (13) of a second carrier (4) is arranged, wherein the second carrier (4) has second electrical contacts (10, 11), wherein the second electrical contacts (10, 11) via electric lines (16, 17) with electrical contacts (14, 15) of the component (2) are connected.


Neuroscience
The fundamental organization of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the neocortex is still poorly understood. Subcerebral projection neurons, a major excitatory cell type in neocortical layer 5, form small cell clusters called microcolumns. Maruoka et al. examined large regions of


The nonhyperbolic moveout observed in common-midpoint gathers is often ascribed to the presence of seismic anisotropy in the subsurface. Therefore, this moveout is commonly used to get (initial) estimates of the relevant seismic parameters describing such anisotropy. For qP-waves in laterally homogeneous transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI), these parameters are the anellipticity parameter η and the zero-dip normal moveout velocity Vnmo. The τ -p domain is the natural domain for parameter estimation in horizontally layered media since cusps do not occur in this domain and because the horizontal slowness is preserved upon propagation. However, the need for methods that use the τ -p domain to transform the data or to pick traveltimes in the x-t domain, is a practical disadvantage. To overcome this, we combine a τ -p domain inversion technique with rational interpolation of traveltimes in the x-t domain. This combination results in a highly accurate, yet efficient semblance-based method in the x-t domain, for estimating the interval values of η and Vnmo from the moveout of qP-waves reflected once in a horizontally layered VTI medium. The efficiency of the method stems from the fact that rational interpolation needs only few (here five) support points to obtain accurate moveout interpolation. The accuracy of the method is verified with a numerical example.


Investigations on the cross-resistance characteristics of fenitrothion-resistant (x 26.58) strain of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were carried out against eight insecticides. DDT and lindane respectively, showed 3.3 and 20.0% mortality at as high a concentration as 1%, showing high degree of cross-resistance. Among organophosphates, highest resistance ratio was observed in malathion (x 5.88), followed by monocrotophos (x 5.82) and DDVP (x 3.27). The resistance ratios of synthetic pyrethroids, viz cypemethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin were x 10.14, x 7.42 and x 4.83, respectively. The study revealed that there is a definite presence of inter-and intra-cross-resistance spectrum of the resistant strain. It was inferred that usage of fenitrothion in storage pest management may be restricted/discouraged in view of its wide spectrum cross-resistances.


In a recent short communication, Miyashita et al. have commented on the weakness of the NIPALS algorithm (equivalently the power method) for calculating the eigenvalues out of order. They offer a diagnostic to ascertain when this may have occurred and suggested a modification to the NIPALS algorithm to avoid this situation. Further comments regarding the use of the power method and Miyashita's presentation of its weakness are warranted. The general inadequacies of methods for decomposing a matrix with degenerate eigenvalues and their relationship to the orthogonal design of experiments are discussed.


Background: Situational leadership demonstrated when the leader chooses behavior style suitable with maturity level of followers. Through emotional intelligence nursing leaders can focus on followers emotions as part of the leadership process. Aim: The aim of the present work is to study situational leadership and emotional intelligence contribution to promote nursing leaders effectiveness.Setting: The study was conducted at Desouqe General Hospital, Faysal Hospital, Tropical Hospital, Chest Hospital and Medical Center affiliated to Ministry of Health. Subjects: Head nurses(25) and their nurses subordinates(180). Tools: Four tools were used including leader effectiveness and adaptability description based on situational leadership, emotional competency profile scales, situational leadership and emotional intelligent knowledge test ,and an educational program for nursing leaders about situational leadership and emotional intelligence. Results: Nursing leaders level of knowledge regard situational leadership and all total emotional intelligent competencies improved post program than pre program. Post program nursing leaders participating leadership style has the highest probability of success style. Also the levels of nursing leaders effectiveness was promoted and rater readiness for situational leadership style were improved post program than pre program. Conclusion: nursing leaders at the studied setting need great attention to periodically attend program on situational leadership and emotional intelligence to keep their promotion of leadership effectiveness .Recommendations: Periodic attendance of educational and training programs for nursing leader and nursing staff about various leadership styles, and situational leadership skills and emotional intelligence competencies.


Background. Hypospadias has a wide spectrum of penile abnormality requiring surgical correction. Most of the cases are of anterior variety and the surgical technique depends on constructing a neo urethra. Snodgrass or Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) urethroplasty is one of the most popular techniques of urethroplasty which depends on the existing healthy, adequate and intact urethral plate. Different tissues have been described to cover the neourethra as second layer in literature. In this study we modified the TIP urethroplasty by covering the neourethra with 2 layers of pedicled prepucial mucosa or Dartos flap. Objective. To see the outcome of modified Snodgrass or TIP urethroplasty in anterior mid and proximal penile hypospadias. Materials and method. Total 88 patients were operated by modified Snodgrass technique or modified TIP urethroplasty from January 2012 to July 2016. Coronal, subcoronal, distal penile, mid penile and proximal penile hypospadias were included in the study. Every patient underwent modified TIP urethroplasty and outcomes were assessed. Results. The mean age of the patients were 28.34±14.98 months, ranges from 6.5 to 65 months. 9 (10.2%) patients of our series develop urethrocutaneous fistula, 5 (5.68%) patients develop meatal stenosis and 1 (1.1%) patient developed neourethral stricture. Conclusion. TIP urethroplasty is a versatile method to correct penile hypospadias. Covering of the neourethra with prepucial mucosa secure the neourethral anastomosis. The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.


Growing information based on internet technology is an opportunity for people to do easy activity, although not all of the people can get access to it. In fact, there is a limit internet access for women. It has been reflected among Indonesian and such a developed country like US, most of the internet users are male. In terms of Yogyakarta Special Territory internet user phenomena, only five percent women can access internet among 52 percent total users. The internet user gap among male and female in Yogyakarta are amplified by many reasons. This article focused on the Influences factors of internet access limitation and communication technology's tools ability among female, the internet use based on gender perspective. Social presence theory is used to crack the research question. The research approach used is qualitative, by focus group discussion to observe the information among target. It is hoped that the research has significant contribution for people to empower women community.


This study aims to provide an effective method to study the behavior of a steel–concrete composite deck. First, the structural characteristics of the composite deck and the challenges arising in the computational analysis of the structure using general software are described. Then, an LPGE element that combines the plate element and the girder element into one element to conveniently construct the model with high computation efficiency is proposed. Based on the principle of multivariate field function, the constraint matrix for the plate and girder and the stiffness matrix for the LPGE are derived. The LPGE method is used to study the behavior of the composite deck through the computation of a steel truss arch bridge. The computation results are compared with the results obtained in ANSYS and the test results to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the LPGE method. The results of the paper offer references for the analysis of steel–concrete composite decks.


We consider lifetime data with covariables which are subject to both left truncation and right censorship (LTRC). In this context, it is interesting to study the conditional distribution funtion of the lifetime and the corresponding conditional quantile function. A generalized product-limit estimator (GPLE) of the conditional distribution function has been studied in Iglesias-Pérez and González-Manteiga (1999). In the present paper we de...ne a conditional quantile function estimator via the mentioned GPLE and we derive an almost sure representation for this quantile estimator. This result extends strong quantile representations studied on conditional survival analysis for censored data (Dabrowska (1992) and Van Keilegom and Veraverbeke (1998)). As consequence of this representation we establish the asymptotic normality of the conditional quantile estimator.


Keloids are benign hyper-proliferative growths of fibrous tissue, where increased fibroblast activity results in abnormal collagen deposition. Scientific literature related to the morphological features of keloids especially at an ultrastructural level is outdated. Therefore the aim of this study was to reassess present knowledge of the ultrastructural features of keloids and possibly through this process identify new cellular therapeutic targets. The research was conducted on normal (control) and keloid human skin samples collected from consenting patients undergoing keloid removal and skin transplantation surgeries at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital. The tissue structure of normal/control skin and keloids as well as mast cell and collagen distribution were evaluated using histological techniques. Transmission electron microscopy techniques were undertaken in order to investigate morphological and ultrastructural features of cells of the epidermis and dermis. A further detailed analysis of the ultrastructure of keloid fibroblasts and mast cells was undertaken. The findings of this study have lead to a new hypothesis related to keloid formation.


Objective: To explore the chemotactic effect of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) in vitro,and the influence of dexamethasone on chemotaxis. Methods: We took different concentrations(5,10,20,40,60,80,100,1 000 TCID50) of HCMV AD169 to vaccinate human embryonic lung fibroblast cells(HELF),and extracted culture media supernatant,which was used to attract PBMC at 24,48,72,96 h. Then we observed and counted the migratory PBMC under high power lens of the microscope,and compared the strength of chemotaxis. We also added dexamethasone at different concentrations(0. 125,1. 25,12. 5,25,50,100 μg/mL) to infect HELF as control. Results: There were no difference in chemotaxis among different concentration of HCMV between 5 TCID50and 10 TCID50,80 TCID50and 1 000 TCID50,1 00 TCID50and 1 000 TCID50among 24,48,72,96 h(both P 0. 05). The chemotactic effect of HCMV between 10 TCID50and 20 TCID50,20 TCID50and 40 TCID50, among 24,48,72 h had no statistical difference(both P 0. 05). Compared with the control goup(0 μg/mL),the chemotaxis of culture media supernatant of the dexamethasone at 12. 5μg/mL and 12. 5 μg/mLhad no statistical difference(both P 0. 05),while dexamethasone at 25,50,100 μg/mL had statistical difference(both P 0. 01). Conclusion: The supernatant of HCMV infected HELF had chemotaxis to PBMC,which was increased with the culture time increasing. Dexamethasone could restrain inhibitory effect on chemotaxis,which was increased with the drug concentration increasing.


DNA polymerase y from purified nuclei of EMT^6 cells (mice) seems to be identical to the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the same source following several criteria. These two enzyme activities are strongly inhibited by ethidium bromide and acriflavin, while proflavin, acridine orange, daunomycin and chlroquine inhibition is less pronounced. In the case of DNA polymerases a and 0 very little inhibition by ethidium bromide was observed. Intercalation of this dye in a poly dA-dT12 8 template-primer was studied spectrophotometrically under conditions simitar to those in the in vitro DNA polymerase assay. The inhibition by this drug of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase y activity was shown to be competitive at varying concentrations of TTP while the inhibition was of the non-competitive type at different concentrations of poly dA-dT12_ 8. We conclude that the drug, most probably in the intercalated form, is ab e to interact with the active site (s) of mitochondrial DNA polymerase.


Abstract Many process improvement initiatives and companies' strategic projects do not have their benefits reached in its full potential for different reasons. First, there is a weak or inexistent understanding of the company's level of Maturity in Business Process Management (BPM). Second, the organisation is not ready to deal with most "soft" aspects of process-related initiatives: change management, internalisation of new knowledge and people's willingness to apply new solutions to everyday work. The paper presents two ways for the companies to resolve these issues. The first is a self-assessment model of BPM Maturity measurement, the model BPM 6×5 (6 by 5). The second is the concept of Super User role with an extended scope of work: it is not only support to the users of the system, but also a deep understanding of the process and knowledge management within the department.


The Anglia Field is located in the Southern Gas Basin of the UK North Sea and consists of a low relief, faulted anticline within the Leman Sandstones of the Lower Permian Rotliegendes Group. Gas is sourced from underlying Carboniferous Coal Measures with Zechstein evaporites of Upper Permian age providing an effective seal. Reserves are estimated at 235 BCF. Production from the field commenced in 1991 at an average daily rate of 53 mmscf. Definition of true field limits depends entirely upon the depth conversion method since the structure barely closes in time. This process, however, is hindered by numerous factors, notably; the presence of the Zechstein carbonate shelf edge, pillowing of the Zechstein halites,intense faulting in the overburden, severe halite thickness variations within the Upper Triassic and the presence of a strong inversion velocity gradient directly overlying the field. These factors, combined with the presence of large areas of poorer quality reservoir, particularly in the Western sector of the field,necessitated an extensive appraisal programme. Since its discovery in 1972, nine exploration / appraisal and three development wells have been drilled on the structure including two horizontal wells. Four seismic surveys, including 3D, were acquired between 1971 and 1988.


Introduction: Although there are many possible causes, it has been observed that Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) has a worse overall outcome in African American (AA) than white patients. Recently, there is also evidence that the patients response to the tumor, or the biological response expressed as the tumor immune microenvironment, impacts outcome. The goal of this study was to compare the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of TNBC in the two mentioned groups in order to seek molecular parameters that are different in TNBC in AA patients as compared to whites. Methods: We selected N=50 AA and N=50 white TNBC samples from the Yale Pathology archives that were matched by diagnosis date. We measured CD45, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD14, CD68, PD-L1, THY1, aSMA and Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expression in both the tumor and stromal compartments in whole slides from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues using multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). We also assessed the activation status of CD3-positive cells using Ki67 and Granzyme B markers. Median of each marker expression was calculated for each case by using quantitation from all Fields of View (FOV) that contained at least 10% tumor area. Results: AA tumors contained a significantly higher CD45-positive cells in overall, within tumor and stromal compartments (p = 0.0102, 0.0007 and 0.0280 respectively). Being more specific about CD45 marker, AA also showed to have a significantly higher level of overall lymphocyte population, measured by quantitating CD45+ CD14- cells (p =0.0081). AA tumors also had a significantly higher level of CD8 expression (p Conclusion: Significant differences are seen in the TME of AA vs. white TNBCs. Further characterization of macrophages, fibroblasts, regulatory T-cells and Extracellular Matrix are underway to more specifically define TME and determine the relationship between TME features and outcome. Citation Format: Vesal Yaghoobi, Vasiliki Pelekanou, Tess O9Meara, Andrea Silber, Lajos Pusztai, David Rimm, Kim Blenman. Comparison of tumor immune microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) of African American versus that of white patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4973.


In the aftermath of the 1997 economic crisis, the information and communication industry and industries utilizing related technology, usually referred to as "the ICT sector", made a significant contribution to job creation in the Korean economy. The Korean government, for its part, swiftly responded by implementing policies to boost the ICT sector to generate more jobs. However, the over-investment in the global ICT industry and the resulting slump in recent years are increasingly undermining job security in this sector. The uncertain, variable, and fast-changing nature of the industry is also attributable to the growing job uncertainty. Even so, the ICT sector remains as the key to the dynamic economic growth and as the main driver of job creation in the Korean economy. ICT is becoming an important tool for creating 'more and better jobs'. In the meantime, the information and communication technology, characterized by rapid pace of change, flexible production methods and a broad range of products, is further increasing the flexibility of the ICT labor market. On top of that, 'creative destruction', or the creation and termination of establishments, is rapidly in progress in the ICT sector. This is another factor making jobs more volatile, causing frequent worker reallocation in the labor market. Elimination of excess jobs can be painful, but in an evolving economy unproductive jobs need to be constantly replaced by more productive ones. This observation can also be applied in the case of worker reallocation. If too many workers leave their current jobs, human capital indispensable to those specific jobs can be lost, thus eroding economic performance. However, a reasonable level of worker reallocation is crucial to efficiently match workers with the right positions. But it is not easy to estimate the optimum level of job reallocation or the size of worker reallocation. We can only find out what kind of conditions will bring about the right level of reallocation by analyzing the relationship between job reallocation and worker reallocation. This research aims to find clues on how the labor market will evolve amid the transition into a digital economy by analyzing the characteristics of job reallocation driven by the dynamic change of creative destruction and their implications on the labor market and especially on worker reallocation. In particular, this research attempts to give a comprehensive analysis on job reallocation by establishing the 『Panel Data on Both Employers and Employees』, thus taking part in the worldwide research trend on job reallocation.


The invention relates to a cooling system which comprises a heat exchange circuit may be in heat exchange relationship with a heat generating component such as a motor (32) in order to remove energy and transfer it to a cooling fluid, and an insulated tank (38) in communication with the circuit. A control (50) and conduits and associated valves (42, 44, 46) allow the coolant to browse the heat exchange circuit and the insulated tank in order to fill the latter to a first volume in a first state operating a second volume greater than the first volume in a second operating state, and to allow an additional amount of cooling fluid to flow from the insulated tank to the heat exchange circuit in a third state of fonctionnement.Domaine Application: motor vehicles, etc. .


All organisms live in a multi-dimensional physical and chemical niche space. Discoveries in the 20th century enormously expanded the range of what was considered "habitable." However, the current diversity of life on Earth begs the question of what terrestrial life - or indeed, another life form - would be capable of. With the needs of both modern laboratory science and the burgeoning field of biotechnology, as well as our deeply held desire to answer the question "are we alone in the universe?, we are exploiting the tools of synthetic biology to probe the question of whether we can create "synthetic extremophiles" or, as our lab has dubbed them, "Hell Cells."


As mankind continues its advance into outer space, the search is on for cheaper and more efficient ways to conduct interplanetary flight. Spacecraft propulsion has been identified as a critical area of technology for these missions, as the vast majority of the weight of a spacecraft powered by chemical rockets is its fuel. While chemical rockets have served faithfully for the last 70 years, and will continue to serve as launch vehicle engines into the foreseeable future, they are a poor solution for interplanetary flight as their low efficiency (specific impulse) requires them to carry large amounts of fuel.
This necessitates the development of a new form of propulsion, one that is not dependent on chemical interactions, and thus will be able to operate at a much higher specific impulse. The search for a practical solution led to the study of electric rocket propulsion, and ion propulsion in particular. Ion propulsion has a high specific impulse and low propellant consumption, making it a strong candidate for interplanetary travel and has been an area of active research since the 1960s. Ion propulsion has already been proven to have real potential as a reliable long term efficient propulsion system for these applications. However, it must be said that there are trade-offs as ion propulsion involves a higher level of complexity and requires an external power source.
Ion propulsion is still a maturing technology, with problems such as accelerator grid wear posing a serious problem for efficient long term operation. One solution to this is to remove the grid and use the electrode geometry to both accelerate and control the flow of the ions. This was the basis of some recent experimentation done at the University of Sydney , and at least in the laboratory, this method has proved successful.
The Sydney model was a technology demonstrator, only exploring one geometry. Using computer simulation, the experiment can be recreated in a virtual environment using the modeling program COMSOL multiphysics, where further investigations can be carried out on multiple geometry types. This simulation will allow us to evolve the electrode geometry of the demonstrator to improve its efficiency. It will extend our understanding of the technology involved and form the basis of a new generation of more reliable and highly efficient ion engines.


Rogers, Tinsley, and Borcherdt (1985) described an empirical technique for predicting relative site response by comparing ground motion spectra in three period bands (total period band is from 0.2 to 10 seconds) relative to the thickness and the physical properties of the earth materials which lie beneath the instrument sites. A set of three-component recordings of Nevada Test Site nuclear tests and a compilation of geologic attributes at each site comprise the set of basic data employed in the analysis. A suite of site types (clusters) is defined statistically in terms of common geologic attributes. The attributes defining each cluster are those attributes that most strongly correlate with, or influence, site response in a given period band. Maps showing the distribution of these geologic attributes are prepared as overlays and are used to construct derivative maps which, in turn, depict relative site response for part of the Los Angeles area.


ii Dedication I dedicate this effort to my husband, Ross Meyer, whom and with whom I have been studying for thirteen years. Please forgive the poor planning which forced me to study 700-year-old pronouns on our honeymoon. I'm blessed to have found a man who knows me, loves me as Christ loves the Church, values my opinions, and honors my passions— even the literary and linguistic ones. You're a keeper.


Candida albicans is the most common isolated strains in clinical Candida infection, which can cause superficial infection and even life-threatening deep infection. In recent years, studies on the drug treatment of Candida albicans infection have been kept doing, new functional targets have been deeply studied, and some new antifungal compounds have been found. This study briefly reviewed the pathogenic and drug-resistance mechanism of Candida albicans, aimed at providing a new research strategy for the treatment of clinical Candida albicans infection.


The aim of this paper is to explore the benefits of and challenges to teacher collaboration in designing and implementing multimedia-assisted English...


Lanthnanide ions form a variety of coordination and organometallic complexes that are perceived as containing purely ionic metal-ligand interactions, with little or no involvement of the metal d orbitals in covalent bonding of σ type. Even more controversial is the possibility for these centers to establish covalent interactions of π type. Nevertheless, a number of experimental observations do not seem to be understandable without invoking such interactions. This presentation will highlight experimental results and computational studies aimed at understanding the role of the metal d (and even f) orbitals in metal-ligand bonding for these compounds. Three classes of compounds will be illustrated: (i) the pair of isoelectronic and isostructural Ln[Y(SiMe3)2]3 ( Y = C H , L n = L a , S m ; 1 Y = N, Ln = Sm 2 ); (ii) the remarkable [(µ-ArN)Sm(µ-NHAr)(µ-Me)AlMe2]2 compound with very short Sm-N interactions 3 ; and (iii) the putative Cp2CeX system (X = F + , O, NH, CH - , CH2). 4 The presentation will also highlight the involvement of d orbitals in the establishment of agostic interactions.


When dealing with big data, the recommendation performance of traditional recommendation systems, such as conventional collaborative filtering, is limited. The use of easy-to-use K-means clustering algorithm combined with collaborative filtering constitutes a recommendation algorithm. This paper uses genetic algorithm to optimize the combined recommendation algorithm, simplify the combined recommendation algorithm, and reduce the complexity and cost of the combination algorithm. At the same time, the genetic algorithm is improved to enhance the optimization ability of the genetic algorithm and improve the performance of the recommendation system. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested based on MovieLens movie scoring dataset. The results show that the optimization ability of the genetic algorithm is improved and the performance of the recommendation system is improved.


This thesis deals mainly with the problem of maximum profits and minimum cost by applying the form of linear programming of simplex table method and simplex table method,using algebra principle,and conducting logical operation according to relevant mathematical procedure.It also tries to set up a mathematical mode of achieving final maximum profits and minimum costs.Through demonstration of living examples,it aims to find maximum profits and minimum coss by quantitative method,so as to accomplish maximum value.This can promote lasting development of the enterprises of the country,thus maximally accomplishing ecological and economic results.


A device for handling liquid samples, comprising a flow path with at least one zone for receiving the sample, and a transport or incubation zone, said zones connected by or comprising an area having projections substantially vertical to its surface, said device provided with a sink with a capacity of receiving said liquid sample, said sink comprising an area having projections substantially vertical to its surface, and said sink being adapted to respond to an external influence regulating its capacity to receive said liquid sample.


It is widely accepted that family caregivers are central to the future of cancer care and the impetus is to understand how best to support and empower them.This study explored the role of the relat...


Patterns are the most challenging antenna parameter to estimate. The pattern detail is critical for high gain satellite systems and also essential for evaluating low gain diversity antennas for MIMO systems. For small devices with integrated antennas, such as mobile phones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, antenna pattern measurement is usually done by attaching a coaxial test cable directly to the antenna port (often through a matching network), bypassing the rest of the system making the measurement passive. The test cable must be carefully routed to best suppress the cable's structural scattering contribution. With present measurement systems, it is possible to estimate a pattern using active, over-the-air (OTA) tests. In this paper we compare the results from passive and active tests. Then, by computing the correlation between the measured patterns, we demonstrate the effect of the test cable. This study also demonstrates the potential of antenna pattern estimation from active testing, which is regarded as necessary at higher microwave and mm-wave frequencies where the test fixture can significantly modify the radiation characteristics making the passive measurement inaccurate and in some cases essentially useless.


Objective  To assess the quality of pre‐antiretroviral therapy (ART) care in Cape Town and its continuity with HIV counselling and testing (HCT) and ART.


Selection and test process of bridge proper foundation for sub\|navigation channel of Wuhu Changjiang Bridge is introduced in the papers.Conclusion about that the vibration sinking depth of steel pipe column at covering is limited by its own rigidity is obtained.Meanwhile the important construction technology of mud protective wall drilled pile foundation is proposed,which could offer some references for the foundation design and construction at the same hydrologic and geologic conditions.


In this paper the reader is acquainted with the most important issues associated with the proceeds of Roman plunder and pillage, to which the sources refers as manubiae, praeda and spolia. The deliberations are based on numerous narrative and epigraphic accounts, presenting the manner in which spoils of war were distributed by the leaders of the Re-publican period.


A supervisory system for machines stationed in the shop has area supervisory computer, POS data management server, POS data bank and game machines with putting in transducer, holding device for information being detected and exported from the putting in transducer and code information of game machine itself, radio device for transmitting holding information in the holding device and radio device in the area supervisory computer for inputting information exported from each game machine and processing device using the downloaded application software and various information to process the information inputted by radio mode and to carry on operational management for the game machines at any desired time by down loading application software of POS data management server and information of POS data bank through internal network connection.


Abstract In this paper, we propose a SSD(Simultaneous Single band Duplex) system using turbo equalizer with frame structure for simul-taneous full-duplex communication in single band. the proposed system uses frame structure for self-interference cancellation effectively. In this paper, performance of the proposed system with frame structure compares to performance of SSD system without frame structure to analysis performance of the proposed system with frame structure. Simulation results show that the performance of proposed system with frame structure is batter than performance of SSD system without frame structure when the number of global iterations of both system is same. Using proposed system with frame structure, we can verify that the performance like SSD system without frame structure by few global iteration of turbo equalizer.Key words: Full-Duplex, Self-Interference, Turbo Equalizer, Frame Structure, Cancellation VH2013WXYZ(D[A\]Z):^_12`a^b:?_cd6efgah(No.2013R1A2A2A01005849).i jk\D*l\A(Department of Electronic Engineering, Chungbuk National University) Manuscript received November 27, 2013 ; Revised January 13, 2014 ; Accepted January 15, 2014. (ID No. 20131127-118)Corresponding Author: Heung-Gyoon Ryu (e-mail: email@example.com)


Abstract This study examined the impact of financial ratios, represented by liquidity, retained earnings ratio, profitability ratio, debt ratio, and total assets turnover, on earnin gs quality. This study involved 45 service companies registered between 2014 and 2020. Purposive sampling was used for 41 firms and 287 analytical units. Descriptive statistics and moderated regression were used. The findings showed that financial ratios affect the quality of earnings. Governance strategies can affect earnings quality along with financial ratios. The result of this study recommended that future researchers use a combination of methods to check the financial statement data. In addition, this study suggested that to get managers to smooth out their earnings; managers should have more control over financial ratios.


It is seen that individuals use digital tools and digital media more than ever, due to the developments of Covid 19 virus worldwide, corona epidemic measures in different dimensions in each country and social distance rules. Within the scope of corona measures, user behaviors and digital habits have started to differentiate and intensify in this extremely isolated process where new living rules are applied. In the global arena, individuals from different ages and socio-economic groups in many different countries have come to share on their social media accounts that they experience problems such as "crammed tracking", excessive online shopping, etc., in the quarantine restrictions. While the use of excessive digital tools and media causes a wide variety of physical and mental illnesses, it also causes visible positive and negative changes in the lives of individuals. The aim of this study is to provide a general view and recommendations for individual and social changes in the context of extreme digitalization during the corona epidemic period.


Adopting the theory of group fairness strategy put forward by Lawrence Kohlberg,an integrity education aimed at medical students is carried out on the basis of class,with teachers,family members and social individuals as cooperators.The integrity education could be promoted by setting up an independent nature,and educational idea of selective moral personality.It puts the core content of impartial democratic participation into effect,takes the morality sense of responsibility education as basis,constructs a democratic participation atmosphere,and emphasizes the significance of daily life during the integrity education in order to promote the cultivation of integrity quality of medical students.


This study analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the effect of Consumptive Behavior, Motivation, Reference Group and Service Quality on the Decisions of Saving at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Branch Office Sharia Semarang either simultaneously or partially. The population of this research is the customers of PT Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Branch Office Sharia Semarang. Sample technique used is purposive sampling and accidental sampling technique, there are 135 respondents who meet the criteria. The analysis model used in this study is a multiple linier regression analysis model. The analysis technique uses F test, Determination Coefficient Test (R2), and t test which is processed using SPSS 16 program. The results of proving the hypothesis and discussion in this study indicate that (1) Consumptive Behavior, Motivation, Reference Group and Service Quality simultaneously have a significant impact on saving decisions (2) Consumptive Behavior partially has no significant effect on saving decisions. (3) Motivation partially has a significant effect on saving decisions. (4) The reference group partially does not significantly influence on saving  decisions. (5) Service quality partially has significant effect on savinng decisions.


Financial incentives can sometimes improve the quality of clinical practice, but they may also be an expensive distraction. Paul Glasziou and colleagues have devised a checklist to help prevent their premature or inappropriate implementation


The present article examines Mark Z. Danielewski's book series The Familiar (2015) by drawing upon the affordances of TV series and the practices of multimodal literature that the author has adopted in the creation of his novels. The scale of the project and the breadth of experimentation with verbal and non-verbal elements on the surface of the pages leads to a reconsideration of literary production not only in terms of the final outcome, but also in terms of the process employed. The launching of Danielewski's ambitious 27-volume enterprise coincides with a moment in TV production that features a turn towards fewer episodes per season, signaling an alteration in TV practices that, together with other factors such as the pursuance of audience engagement and the literacy skills that the terrain of the novels requires, have led The Familiar to a pause.


The paper is written for studying on the exotic points and original points in Buddha statues built in Korean peninsula. For the research of alien styles, I focused on mudra styles. Also, for the study of originality of Korea Buddha statues, I analyzed the rock cliff Buddhas including their locations and sculpting styles. The Buddha statues having Dhyana mudra created in Gandhara area and the early period of Chinese Buddhism. The Buddha statues were inflowed into Korea peninsula at beginning of Korean Buddhism. The Dhyana mudra's Buddha statues in the period of the Three Kingdoms has similarity with the early Buddha statues in China, but the statues are transformed to Korean own styles as bygone times. Abhaya mudra and Varada mudra are one of the most popular that Tath?gata Buddha takes through the all ears and areas. In the case of Korea, The Buddha statues taking Abhaya and Varada mudra are built the most in the period of the Three Kingdoms. The tendency related to Buddhist philosophy and the religious belief vogued in the period. Bhumisparsa mudra was a new trend in unified Silla. The trend is supposed as the result of unified Silla's active exchanging with India and China. The main Buddha statue of Seokguram Grotto is representative, taking Bhumisparsa mudra. On the other hand, the rock cliff Buddhas in Korea are mainly carved on a sacred rock or a point near holy places. The peculiarity of sculpting refrains from damage the rock itself regarded as a sacred object of belief when they carved the Buddha images on the cliff. They created body of Buddha images by carving light and pale and the head part of Buddha statue built as the other rock and put on the top of the rock. This style of the rock cliff Buddha not to order to damage the rock carved Buddha images is showed only in Korean peninsula. It assumed that people had serviced religious belief to the rocks and the folk belief were getting changed to the Buddhist belief.


Geometric accuracy control is critical for precision additive manufacturing (AM). To learn and predict the shape deformation from a limited number of training products, a fabrication-aware convolution learning framework has been developed in our previous work to describe the layer-by-layer fabrication process. This work extends the convolution learning framework to broader categories of 3D geometries by constructively incorporating spherical and polyhedral shapes into a unified model. It is achieved by extending 2D cookie-cutter modeling approach to 3D case and by modeling spatial correlations. Methodologies demonstrated with real case studies show the promise of prescriptive modeling and control of complicated shape quality in AM.


This paper reviews the roles of gamma type kernels in the theory and modelling for Brownian and Levy semistationary processes. Applications to financial econometrics and the physics of turbulence are pointed out.


A literature review of articles concerning the incidence of cervical cancer and oral contraceptive use is presented. In many studies all abnormal cervical findings were reported but not all cases of cervical dysplasia develop into cancer. Many other factors are involved in the incidence of cervical cancer e.g. frequency of sexual intercourse. No direct hormonal induction of malignant cervical changes has been proven to be caused by oral contraceptive use. (Summary in ENG)


A control method is proposed based on frequency shaped LQG and variable gain feedback in order to choose proper control objective and prevent saturation of control force considering intensity of ground motion and level of building response. The controller examines exceedance rate of building response over a threshold and the maximum required control force estimated from ground acceleration in order to reduce response of both a building and elevator rope efficiently preventing saturation. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can suppress unpreferable response of building layers near the top induced by control force.


I.,urnber was sawn Sro~n 150 suppressed-growth ponderosa pine trees, 6 to 16 inches in diameter, harvested near Flagstaff, Arizona. 'l'lris paper presents grade recover and properlies li)r clry 2 by 4's sawn from the logs and graded by a variety of stritclural glading syslerns. Flexural properties met or exceeded those listed in the National Design Specification. When graded as Light Flairling 43 percent of the 2 by 3's made Standard and Better arid as Stmctuial Light Framing, 34 percent made No. 2 and-better. Cb'a~p was the biggest factor limiting grade yield. About 7 percent of the lun~bcr would ~nake a rriachine stress-rated (MSR) lurnber grade of 1450f. bur xith no established market such productio~i is not recomniended. If graded as laminating stock, about 8 percent of the lumber qualified as 1.3 or better. A cornparison of the results froni this study wilh those from a con~paizion study indicates that appearance grades ofl'er the highest vali~e alternative tbl- luinber produced from this resource.


Since the work by Denef, $p$-adic cell decomposition provides a well-established method to study $p$-adic and motivic integrals. In this paper, we present a variant of this method that keeps track of existential quantifiers. This enables us to deduce descent properties for $p$-adic integrals. In particular, we show that integrability for `existential' functions descends from any $p$-adic field to any $p$-adic subfield. As an application, we obtain that the largest pole of the Serre-Poincar\'e series can only increase when passing to field extensions. As a side result, we prove a relative quantifier elimination statement for Henselian valued fields of characteristic zero that preserves existential formulas.


Background and Objective: Currently, hyperlipidemia is a major health-threatening factor in developed and developing countries. Hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol (HC) diet rapidly increases the risk of cardiovascular and liver diseases. F. vulgare is used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments and has hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and cardiovascular activities. This study was done to evaluate the effect of F. vulgare hydroalcoholic extract on serum lipid profiles and liver enzymes in adult Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male rats (190-220 g) were divided into four different groups including: Control, HC diet, Control plus Fennel extract, and Fennel extract-treated high cholesterol-fed groups. Rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HC group) or normal rat chow (control group) for 8 weeks. The extract was administered at a dose of 150 mg/kg, once daily for 3 weeks. The blood samples were collected from retroorbital sinus. Then, the measurements of serum biochemical parameters were performed. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.
Results: Our study showed that the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL, LDH, ALT, and ALP significantly increase in HC group and the level of HDL in HC group significantly decreases by HC diet compared to control group (p<0.001) after 8 weeks. The levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL, LDH, ALT, and ALP significantly reduced by treatment with fennel extract and the level of HDL in fennel extract-treated HC-fed group was significantly higher compared to HC group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results from the present research showed hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of F. vulgare that leads to protection of the liver and cardiovascular system from high cholesterol damage in rats.


During field studies on the pteridophytes of Costa Rica, a peculiarly dimorphic polypodioid fern was found in the rain-forests of the Atlantic lowlands near Puerto Viejo. The variation in the fertile frond, ranging from simple and short petiolate to pinnatisect and long petiolate, coupled with peculiarly elongate and irregular sori, prompted further investigations. Additional herbarium specimens from localities in Mexico, British Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica showed intermixed variations between plants with all leaves simple (typified byPolypodium bradeorum Rosenstock) to plants with all leaves lobed or pinnatisect (typified byP. colysoides Maxon & Copeland). Other characters were judged sufficiently homogeneous to consider these individuals as conspecific underP. bradeorum. Morphological studies indicate parallel evolution of several characters in the Asiatic generaColysis, Microsorium, andLeptochilus on the one hand and the New World members ofMicro gramma, Pleopeltis, andPolypodium bradeorum on the other


HISTORICAL CONTEXT It is 42 years since Sam Kirk proposed the use of the term learning disabilities (LD) and I began my career in education. As a new seventh-grade history and English teacher, I was frustrated by my inability to teach, effectively, students who were unable to adequately read the textbooks and achieve academically at a level consistent with their intellectual abilities. Thus, I embarked on a career in special education. In 1967, I came to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) to work on national and state policy to advance the education of students with exceptionalities. The following year CEC and the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities, working with Senator Ralph Yarborough of Texas, developed and had introduced, along with Congressman Carl Perkins of Kentucky, the Children with Specific Learning Disabilities Act. The bill provided for research, professional development, and model programs in leaning disabilities. The following year the bill was enacted as Title VII of the Education of the Handicapped Act (PL 91-230). The CEC State-Federal Information Clearinghouse for Exceptional Children, which I directed, reported in 1970 that 18 states had policies directed at the needs of students with LD (CEC-SFICEC, 1970). The terms used to describe such students and the definitions of the terms varied widely. We found that children who possessed reading or other major learning problems were classified with 38 different terms (Weintraub, Abeson & Braddock, 1971). At the same time, the National Center for Educational Statistics (1970) found that while all schools reported having one or more students with LD, 34% of schools provided no special education services to these students. The following five years were focused, in the courts, state legislatures, and the U.S. Congress, on establishing policies that would ensure that all students with disabilities, including those with LD, would have available to them a public education and the special education services they required to benefit from an education. A milestone in this effort was the historic right-to-education case, The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC). In determining whether there was a constitutional equal protection right to an education, the court had to decide that children with mental retardation, who had been excluded from public education, could benefit from an education. The state argued that since the children could not be expected to meet the standards expected of all students in the schools, they could not benefit from an education. The court found that "all mentally retarded persons are capable of benefiting from a program of education and training; that the greatest number of retarded persons, given such training, are capable of achieving self-sufficiency, and the remaining few, with such education and training, are capable of achieving some degree of self-care ..." (334 F. Supp. 1257). Thus, the court embraced a view of equal educational opportunity that recognized equal access to differing resources for differing outcomes (Weintraub & Abeson, 1974). The right-to-education principle articulated in PARC was premised on the view that students were different in both how they learned and what they needed to learn, in contrast to the traditional view that the purpose of education is to provide students access to the same outcomes. The right-to-education movement culminated with the passage of Public Law 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), which guaranteed students with disabilities a free appropriate public education (FAPE). Following the principles established in PARC, the law was procedural, rather than substantive, allowing a team of people to determine what was appropriate for a student. It was hoped that the education system would embrace the notion of celebrating outstanding achievement and that the student who, using all of his ability, became a janitor would be as valued as the student who went to Harvard. …


Portal sites supporting online purchases provide commercial items and reviews for them. In the case of purchasing cosmetic items, in particular, reviews have important roles in purchasing decisions, allowing purchasers to avoid becoming annoyed with unsuitable items. Thus, we are trying to develop a recommender system for cosmetic items and analyzing reviews. General recommender systems basically identify similar users based on their preferences against common items. However, owing to the huge number of cosmetic items, it is not easy to use preferences for common items because of the data sparsity problem. Therefore, we propose a method for finding similar users based on their preferences against cosmetic item clusters. Moreover, we evaluate and discuss the proposed method for finding similar users based on experimental evaluations.


In wind turbine, variable speed concept is achieved by using a back-to-back two level frequency converters. This paper presents a closed loop voltage control of a three phase Induction Motor Drive (IMD). A discrete PI controller is used in the voltage regulator to maintain output voltage irrespective of the disturbances. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results of both open loop and closed loop are compared based on THD analysis.


Present models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) depend on static productions (independent of time) which can easily lead to erroneous appraisal results due to incorrect hypothesis, since in the real world we encounter such situations where inputoutput levels are time-dependent like capital stock which are effective on the output levels during the production periods. Such units cannot be evaluated by the classic or static DEA. In this paper, a model will be proposed for evaluating relative efficiency of units which have time-dependent input-output. Occasionally the Decision Making Units (DMU) might, in addition to using and producing desirable input-output, use and produce undesirable input-output as well. Segregation of desirable and undesirable components from each other in the input vector, and also in the output vector as well as study of these factors is a crucial issue which causes improvement of the operational trend and increased efficiency of the units. Also in this paper, efficiency measuring in presence of desirable and undesirable factors, in the dynamic state has been studied.


Abstract A study has been made by optical, replication and transmission electron microscopy of polycrystalline iron (99·98% purity), fatigued in low-amplitude cyclic strain at room temperature. It is shown that fatigue damage developed at the very beginning of strain cycling in those grains favourably oriented for slip. Initial fatigue damage is shown to be confined to regions near the specimen surface. The damage is characterized by (1) arrays of parallel rows of dislocation loops (diameters ranging from 100 to 1000 A and spacings between individual loop trails of 0.2 to 2 microns), and (2) intense bands of tangled dislocations, or deformation bands, the planar orientations of which correspond to the {110} and {112} crystallographic slip planes. At large numbers of cycles (> 103 cycles), the dislocation loop arrays are often associated with the intense deformation bands. These bands correlate with intrusion-like, coarse slip markings observed by optical and replication electron microscopy. The observatio...


Two novel kinds of alcohol-soluble ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane)s containing side-chain hydroxy groups (OH-T 1 and OH-T 2 ) were prepared successfully for the first time by hydrolysis of ladderlike poly(silses-quioxane)s with side-chain ester groups (Ester-T 1 and Ester-T 2 ), which were synthesized by stepwise coupling polymerization. A variety of characterization methods including FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 29 Si NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were combined to demonstrate that the obtained alcohol-soluble polymers have ladderlike structures, although some structural defects still existed.


The pronounced depletion of moderately volatile elements (MOVE, that condense or evaporate at temperatures in the range 1350-650K) relative to the average solar composition is a characteristic feature in most primitive chondrites and bulk terrestrial planets. It differs from the composition of the Sun and from the materials further away from the Sun (CI chondrites). None of the remaining planets or even meteorites shows an enrichment of volatile elements that would balance the depletion in the inner Solar System. Whether this depletion occurred in solar nebular stage or in planetary formation stage has been the subject of long lasting debate. The search for mysterite initiated in 1973 continues today in search of lost planets. Here I show that the MOVED patterns demonstrate a clear connection between the rocky materials of the inner solar system and the interstellar dust. The inheritance of interstellar materials by the solar system is not only documented by the presence of presolar grains, various isotopic anomalies, but also expressed in the chemical element distribution in the inner solar system.


The highly competitive education system is an unavoidable problem for primary school students in China, and excessive learning stress among children is a problem that cannot be ignored in current primary education. In the family environment, parents tend to ignore the stress of children in the learning process and lack encouragement. This paper proposes a theory of connectivity and presents the interaction design and implementation of StressButton to help build a bond between parents and children in coping with stress through the intelligent connection of everyday objects. We conduct a study to verify the connectivity and effectiveness of StressButton. The results show that using the connectivity of IoT to improve the connectedness of family members is a better approach to coping with stress and helping build a relaxed home environment.


A highly self-textured Ga2O3-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO-Ga) solid electrolyte with a nominal composition of Li6.55Ga0.15La3Zr2O12 is obtained by a simple and low-cost solid-state reaction technique, requiring no seed crystals to achieve grain orientation. The as-prepared self-textured LLZO-Ga shows a strong (420) preferred orientation with a high Lotgering factor of 0.91. Coherently, a terrace-shaped microstructure consisting of many parallel layers, indicating a two-dimensional-like growth mode, is clearly observed in the self-textured sample. As a result, the highly self-textured garnet-type lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte of LLZO-Ga exhibits an extremely high ionic conductivity, reaching a state-of-the-art level of 2.06 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C) and thus shedding light on an important strategy for improving the structure and ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.A highly self-textured Ga2O3-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO-Ga) solid electrolyte with a nominal composition of Li6.55Ga0.15La3Zr2O12 is obtained by a simple and low-cost solid-state reaction technique, requiring no seed crystals to achieve grain orientation. The as-prepared self-textured LLZO-Ga shows a strong (420) preferred orientation with a high Lotgering factor of 0.91. Coherently, a terrace-shaped microstructure consisting of many parallel layers, indicating a two-dimensional-like growth mode, is clearly observed in the self-textured sample. As a result, the highly self-textured garnet-type lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte of LLZO-Ga exhibits an extremely high ionic conductivity, reaching a state-of-the-art level of 2.06 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C) and thus shedding light on an important strategy for improving the structure and ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.


The papers presented on this panel so far explore how countries and courts have worked around jurisdictional lacunae in international law. This last paper considers the question of jurisdiction from the other side: How should judges handle jurisdictional excess? While jurisdictional gaps can create governance problems, exorbitant claims of jurisdiction can make the cooperation and reciprocity needed to solve those governance problems harder to achieve. And if finding the right balance between ensuring adequate jurisdiction and avoiding exorbitant jurisdiction were not hard enough, much of that balancing is left up to individual judges deciding individual cases in domestic courts. Private international law is, in this sense, a decentralized system that depends on ad hoc calibration by dispersed judges.