Five species of Rhodophyceae collected for one year from Visakhapatnam coast were analysed for their Photosynthetic pigments. The environmental variables such as temperature, pH, salinity, light, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were also measured for the same period at the same location of collection. Of the pigments analysed, Chl – a was higher in all the five species and it was followed by phycoerythrin in Pterocladia heteroplatos, Hypnea musciformis and Centroceras clavulatum and phycocyanin in Gracilaria corticata and Grateloupia lithophila. The distribution of pigments showed variations among the species. The higher content of pigments was found in April and June for G. corticata, it was in March for P. heteroplatos and January for C. clavulatum. The ratio of phycobilins to Chl – a also varied among the species. It was high in H. musciformis and C. clavulatum and P. heteroplatos and low in the remaining other two species. The environmental variables showed positive correlations with the pigments at significant levels. The Chl - a correlated positively with temperature, pH, salinity, light, nutrients and phycocyanin at P > 0.05 level. The phycoerythrin was correlated positively with pH, salinity, Phycocyanin and nitrite and phosphate at P > 0.05 level. The Phycocyanin was correlated positively with pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phycoerythrin and Chl – a at P > 0.05 level.


Implicative fuzzy associative memories (IFAMs) and their dual versions (dual IFAMs) are associative memories that exhibit an excellent tolerance with respect to either eroded or dilated patterns, but they are not suited for the reconstruction of patterns corrupted by mixed noise such as salt and pepper noise. This paper presents a solution to this problem by introducing the class of permutation-based finite IFAMs, or simply pi-IFAMs. In few words, pi-IFAMs are IFAMs defined on a finite chain equipped with an unusual ordering scheme. Such as the original IFAMs, the novel models exhibit optimal absolute storage capacity and one step convergence in the auto associative case. Computational experiments revealed that a certain pi-IFAM, called Lukasiewicz pi_mu-IFAM, outperformed several other associative memories models for the reconstruction of gray-scale patterns corrupted by salt and pepper noise.


PURPOSE: An assembly, for drain condensation from wall surface, a condensation drain structure of moisture-proof panel, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent environ contamination due to condensation by draining condensation through a drain trench from the rear side of a moisture-proof panel. CONSTITUTION: An assembly for drain condensation from wall surface comprises a panel mounting bar, a waterproof protrusion member(110), a water collection member(130) and a drainpipe(140). The panel mounting bar is fixed to the wall. The waterproof protrusion member is combined in the bottom part of the panel mounting bar and is arranged in a horizontal direction. The waterproof protrusion member is installed so that the bottom surface can be close to a floor side. The water collection member respectively includes an outlet for discharging condensation and an inlet for collecting condensation. The drainpipe interlinks the outlet of the water collection member to the trench.


Cyclosporin A (CyA) was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following extraction of the whole blood or plasma with diethyl ether and chromatography on a Sep-Pak Silica cartridge. Using carefully chosen volumes and ratios of ethyl acetate and hexane in the eluting sequences on the Sep-Pak, the major interferent present in normal blood and serum was eliminated.


During recent years considerable attention has been given to an analysis of the changing patterns of graduate study in engineering. Reviews by the American Society for Engineering Education, the University of Chicago under a Carnegie Grant, and the Ford Foundation have been directed to the problem. A primary observation has indicated a trend towards greater diversity in patterns and a closer correlation with current requirements of research and development in industry and government. These patterns, including evening and various forms of off-campus training, are described and their effect on the nature of the graduate program is examined. The effect of direct and indirect industry support is analyzed, and the changing role of the faculty in cases where close coordination with industry exists is examined. Current trends are evidently enriching and strengthening the value of the graduate program, particularly through immediate contact by both student and faculty with research and development applications. There exist, however, a consequent overemphasis on immediate needs, and an ambiguity of long-range academic objectives. The critical financial needs of students, faculty, and engineering educational institutions are emphasized by the demands of new patterns and current high standards of academic endeavor.


The utility model provides a hearing healthcare earphone, which aims to resolve the problems of labor damage including various hearing damage, tinnitus and dizziness and the like, and seriously hard of hearing and even loss of hearing which are caused by hearing fatigue and overlarge noise for people using earphones for working or entertainment, particularly for people using earphones to work or listen to music for a long time. The hearing healthcare earphone can not only lead people to enjoy music or work with earphones, but also has physical therapy and ant-fatigue protection factions. The hearing healthcare earphone comprises a casing connected with a loudspeaker, a connecting wire, a radiation far infrared ray made of electric stoneware, an apparatus for releasing negative ions and a spring head bow used for being fixedly worn on the head. The hearing healthcare earphone has positive effect for preventing labor damage such as hearing damage, tinnitus and dizziness and the like for people using earphones to work or obtain pleasure for a long time.


(75%–90% of cases), trauma of the lower portion of the genital tract, uterine rupture, uterine inversion, bladder flap hematoma, retention of blood clots or placental fragments, and coagulation disorders. Secondary postpartum hemorrhage may be caused by uterine subinvolution, coagulopathies, and abnormalities of the uterine vasculature. Extrauterine sources of bleeding include rectus sheath hematoma, direct arterial injuries, and the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome. Severe postpartum hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition that is diagnosed on the basis of the find ings from clinical examination, with or without ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in the characterization of postpartum hemorrhage when medical treatment fails. Multidetector CT has an important role when intraabdominal bleeding is suspected and can be considered in cases of recurrent bleeding after embolization, as well as for the evaluation of postsurgical complications. A proposed clinical and CT imaging algorithm for postpartum hemorrhage is presented. A multidisciplinary approach to postpartum hemorrhage is essential to optimize the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in obstetric hemorrhage, to avoid hysterectomy and thus preserve fertility. © RSNA, 2012 • radiographics.rsna.org


Objective Through the comparison and bias estimation for the inspection system composed by two different biochemical devices,to discuss the possibility of comparing the results made by different biochemical inspection devices and the possibility of its clinic acceptability.Methods According to the acceptable error in CLIA'88,then we made the precision estimation for the two biochemical devices.The comparison methods(X) is Hitachi 7600-010,Siemens X-PANDPLUS is examination method(Y).We inspected three biochemical items(Ast,Bun,Glu) According to the EQA in CLIA' 88,we made regression for Y and X to see if there is any bias and error in the in two spection.Results We found that all our three inspection results are clinic acceptable.Conclusions There should be a methodology and bias analysis for different inspection devices,so we can know their clinic acceptability and ensure their accuracy of the inspection results.


Mangrove ecosystems have a great influence on the sustainability of human life and the environment. The high level of vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems has implications for the importance of quality planning. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution and density of mangrove forests in Gili Lawang using Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 satellite imagery. Data processing is done with the help of the QGIS 3.30 application. Data processing consists of band combinations, image classification with the SVM algorithm, classification results accuracy test, NDVI value extract, and reclass NDVI. The results showed that the use of band 564 in Landsat 9 imagery visually resulted in an increase in sharpness in identifying mangrove ecosystems. Classification of objects with the SVM algorithm has overall accuracy and kappa accuracy > 80%. The identified area of Gili Lawang is 432.72 ha, consisting of 37.89 ha of mangroves, 58.11 ha of non-mangrove and 3.75 ha of water bodies. NDVI values at the study sites ranged from 0.068 to 0.87. The maximum NDVI value is found in mangrove objects, while the minimum NDVI value is found in water body objects. Mangrove density in Gili Lawang is dominated by high and very high density. The use of Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 imagery in the future is expected to provide positive benefits in providing data and information related to natural resources.


To establish a supervising system of educational quality of university for students employment,it is required that universities should involve some external supervising forces related to their interests in connection to society and a mechanism of course supervision.


Free-space optical communication is susceptible to aberration. We use the pattern-transfer property of the non-degenerate stimulated parametric down-conversion in the low-gain regime to demonstrate an efficient scheme to cancel aberration.


We present a bioprobe for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging based on dendrimer-folate-copper conjugates. The metal nanoclusters within a dendrimer exhibit excellent FR-targeting properties in KB cells. It could be used as a new multifunction bioprobe for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping.


Excerpt To the editor: I read with interest the article in the May issue "Single or Combination Therapy of Staphylococcal Endocarditis in Intravenous Drug Abusers" (1). I am particularly concerned ...


Doctor. Newspaper 1902. No. 2.Opening a patient who had died of purulent hepatitis, the author discovered the absence of the left kidney, adrenal gland and ureter, so that in the bladder there was only one hole for the right ureter.


Standing upright is an intricate task achieved through complex coordination of central nervous system (CNS) and a high degree of freedom musculoskeletal system. Biomechanical inverted pendulum models are often employed to model human neuromusculoskeletal system and controllers are designed to analyze such a complex coordination. In this study, we designed a variety of controllers using reinforcement learning (RL) policy iteration and value iteration methods for a single-link inverted pendulum (SIP) model actuated by an ankle joint torque. Policy iteration (PI) and value iteration (VI) algorithms are implemented to design model-based, offline linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers and model-free, adaptive, and online LQR controllers. Value function approximation methods are used to design online adaptive controllers where SIP dynamics were assumed unknown. Computer simulations affirm the optimal solution convergence characteristics for both PI and VI methods.


Abstract : Papers presented at the Workshop on library operation make up the Proceedings. A panel on the Army STINFO program and one on procurement were important contributions to the Workshop. Two sessions were devoted to library operation - one using computer, the other using automated equipment. Questions and answers at the end of the talks are included.


Primary seed-borne infection of ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) can very effectively be controlled by treating the seed with fungicides. Combinations of bavistin + thiram (1 : 1, 1 : 3) 3 glkg of seed gave 95-100 per cent disease control. Bravo (6 ml), hexacap (4 g) and thiabendazole (5 g/kg of seed) completely eliminated the seed-borne infection. Rovral and hexacap (3 g/ kg of seed) gave 98 per cent disease control. Foliar sprays of bravo (1500 ml) and calixin-M (900 g/ha) were significantly superior to other fungicides in controlling the secondary infection followed by rovral (750 g) and hexacap (900 g/ha) in 300 litres of water.


Z Sachetto, R A Conde, A M Samara, S R M Fernandes, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6111, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil S C B Costa, P D Andrade, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6111, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil E M I Amstalden, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6111, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil


The nonstoichiometric chalcogenides with NaCl-type structure were prepared and the physical and structural properties were studied. The homogeneous range and the structural change were studied based on X-ray powder diffractions using Rietveld-type full-profile fitting technique. Wide homogeneous ranges were observed in Y-S and Y-Se systems, and relatively narrow homogeneous ranges were observed in Yb-S and Yb-Se systems. Both in , a vacancy ordering transition occurred in (111) plane direction. The ordered superstructure had cubic symmetry(Fm$\bar{3}m) with doubled unit cell "a" parameter compared to the original NaCl-type. The superlattice developed in a continuous second-order transitiion was characterized by the reduced waved vector k= . Y-S system had metallic, and YSe, YbSe system had semiconducting properties in their homogeneous ranges. It was observed that the change of electronic transport properties in extended homogeneous range did not depend on the relativeratio of metal to nonmetal, but on the quantities of vacancies.


In the natural reserve "Belogorie" at the Yamskaya Steppe site, located in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, a wide range of subjects were studied aiming identification and analysis of paleo-pedological and paleobotanical indicators of environmental change in different historical periods of the Holocene. The study subjects included paleosoil buried under the earth mound of the Bronze Age, background virgin Chernozem near the mound, soil buried under the cast of marmot, and the soils in the ravine-gully deposits on bottom of gully. Using a complex of methods, including soil-archaeological, palynological, microbiomorphic, pedoanthracological, radiocarbon and paleogeographic reconstructions, was allowed to reveal a complicated combination of natural and human-induced changes in the meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the Yamskaya Steppe site in the Holocene. Watershed spaces were characterized by contrasting changes of vegetation types during studied period. The high degree of natural afforestation was observed for 6000−6500 yrs BP. Later, up to nowadays, on the watersheds the meadow-steppe type of landscape was dominated. The phase of increased afforestation was also observed in the beginning of the Subboreal period of Holocene (before 4600 years ago), but this time the development of forests was limited by their spread in the ravines. The Late Holocene was heterogeneous in relation to bioclimatic conditions with alternating wet and relatively dry phases, but their exact identification is complicated by the increasing of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation. Starting with the Subboreal period of Holocene the anthropogenic disturbance of landscapes became apparent, first in the form of periodic burning of steppes, and in the Sub-Atlantic period of Holocene – as a combination of burning and cultivation of agricultural crops on individual plots within the study area. Thus, the meadow-steppe environments in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, preserved nowadays only in the reserves, had a complex history of development in the past including climatogenic and anthropogenic transformation of soils and vegetation.


The global escalating rates of diabetes mellitus make diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) a major public-health problem. Patients with DFU frequently showed increased plasma levels of cathepsin D (CatD) contributing to poor wound healing. Objective: To investigate the association between plasma CatD and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with DFU and its various grades. Subjects: This study comprised 148 type 2 diabetics (74 subjects with foot ulcer and 74 subjects without foot ulcer as controls). Results: Subjects with DFU compared with those without DFU showed higher mean plasma levels of CatD (32.1±30.4 vs 15.4±34.8 RFC/ml), and hsCRP (70.4±25.3 vs 59.5±31.6 mg/ml). A positive correlation was found between either of CatD (P<0.001) and hsCRP (P<0.038) with the grade of ulcer. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic subjects with various grades of DFU showed higher CatD and hsCRP levels compared with diabetics without foot ulcer, independent of concomitant


Objective To study the biocompatible osteoinduction of mixed bone morphogenetic protein and hydroxyapatite(BMP-HA) in middle ears of rabbits as ossicular prostheses.Methods The biomaterial BMP-HA and HA were implanted in the middle ear of rabbits,and the specimens were collected in the 1st,2nd,4th,8th,12th and 16th week.The appearance of those speciments was observed by light microscopy.Results There was extensive proliferation of mesenchymal cells around the grafted materials,and those epithelial cells covering the prostheses were similar to the epithelium of the normal middle ear in the 4th and 8th week postoperatively in BMP-HA group.Cartilage was found in the 12th week after BMP-HA implantation,and the new bone was found binding with grafted material closely in BMP-HA group in the 16th week.In the control group,the new cartilage tissue and new bone were not found.There was no evidence of inflammation reaction of foreign body in the host tissues adjacent to the BMP-HA or HA.Conclusion BMP-HA is a biocompatible artificial bone material which has the osteoinduction ability,and BM-HA prostheses composition performs better than HA alone.


The phenotype of inherited disorders of connective tissue is extensive and may involve multiple body systems. In most cases, the clinical picture is that of a progressive chronic disease with mild to severe dermatological, osteo-articular, ocular, and cardiovascular manifestations. The spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations is broad and may range from a mild structural abnormality (e.g. mitral incompetence) to life-threatening complications (e.g. aortic dissection). This chapter provides a general guide to diagnosis and management of cardiovascular manifestations in Marfan syndrome and related inherited disorders of connective tissue. Major conditions are discussed in detail and the interested reader is advised to consult online resources for information on other less common inherited connective tissue disorders


ALSTOM Power in Vasteras, Sweden have for some time investigated the possibility to balance a generator rotor on site after rewinding. After extensive testing and investigations it was found that i ...


Search-and-rescue operations can be very difficult. Consider as a typical scenario a partially collapsed building that may contain trapped survivors. But those people are surrounded by debris that presents a formidable obstacle to searchers. How do you find the survivors, and how do you get them out safely? The most important task in such a situation is to narrow down the search area and guide the rescue workers to the right location. The rescuers also need to know the inner state of the building to assess the damage, anticipate likely risks, and determine the best rescue strategy. Any ground-based robotic device that is sent into the damaged area to obtain this information will very likely get entangled in rubble. So what are the alternatives? What if you could send in a tiny helicopter, a micro air vehicle (MAV), to do the job? A MAV benefits from its vertical degree of freedom: it can evade obstacles on floors by changing altitude, and it can use vertical spaces, such as elevator shafts, to quickly access the most badly damaged levels. Within minutes, it can bring back video images of the wrecked interior. In addition to showing the locations of survivors, the images can help civil engineers assess the stability of the structure to help protect both rescue workers and the victims they are trying to save. The PIXHAWK Cheetah MAV (see Figure 1) is such a device. With onboard intelligence and autonomous-navigation capabilities, the Cheetah can be an extremely useful tool for rescue missions in hazardous environments. This four-rotor MAV is 55cm in diameter, measured across its rotor blades. Powered by lithium polymer batteries, the Cheetah can fly for up to 12 minutes. It features four cameras with flexible mountings and an onboard image-processing computer (see Figure 2). The Cheetah's computer-vision system enables it to assess and solve navigational problems with no outside help. Some robotic devices send back images by means of wireless communication. Current MAV designs use wireless image transmission and offboard processing1, 2 or global-positioning systems (GPS) for controlling the vehicle.3 A wireless-transmission Figure 1. Operational model of the PIXHAWK Cheetah.


Many recent works have shown the influence of borders in the international trade. Due to the existence of such borders, the flows between countries stay at a lower level than the intra-national trade. Using the border effects methodology, we study the regional integration of the Balkan countries over the period 1993-97. The results suggest the presence of a strong home biais within the mutual trade of the Balkans.


Causes of slips and falls involve the interaction of complex environmental and human factors [1]. While experimental studies have been useful to identify biomechanical variables that may impact slipping severity, it is unclear how these factors interact. Relying on experiments alone to acquire this knowledge and establishing cause-effect relationships in complex dynamic systems is difficult. Computational modeling and forward dynamics simulations of walking and slipping are needed to meet these research needs.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


A symposium in honor of Richard G. Powell was held on Monday, July 27, 2015, at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Copper Mountain, Colorado. Dr. Powell is an Honorary Editor and former Associate Editor of the Journal of Natural Products and retired Research Leader, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), USDA, Peoria, Illinois. While working in Peoria, Dr. Powell and his former colleagues were involved in projects done in collaboration with the U.S. National Cancer Institute to discover anticancer agents isolated from plants. Homoharringtonine, a compound resulting from this collaboration, was characterized for the first time in Peoria and reported in 1970. It was eventually approved as omacetaxine mepesuccinate by the U.S. FDA as an antileukemic agent in 2012. Dr. Powell worked on the isolation and structure elucidation of other potential anticancer agents from plants, inclusive of the taxane diterpenoid cephalomannine, and also collaborated on biological and mechanistic investigations. Initially, the audience was provided with a short introductory talk by the honoree, entitled "Historical Aspects of Antitumor Agents from Plants, Including Homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate, Synribo)". One point that came through clearly from this talk was that in the late 1960s and early 1970s it would sometimes take months for the return of biological test data used to guide the isolation procedure for a given bioactive plant constituent under study. The three subsequent symposium talks were given by well-known authorities in the field of natural products anticancer drug discovery. Dr. David G. I. Kingston (University Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemistry and Director, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia) discussed the "Development of Taxol® as an Anticancer Drug". He delineated a very informative series of events that led to the development of Taxol (generic name, paclitaxel) as an anticancer agent and also conveyed updated information on the chemistry of this compound and its interaction with tubulin. Dr. Susan L. Mooberry (Professor of Pharmacology and Co-leader of Experimental and Developmental Therapeutics, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas) presented an interesting talk entitled "North American Plants Remain an Excellent Source for Compounds with Anticancer Potential". These plants were obtained from the San Antonio Botanical Garden and yielded new compounds with cytotoxic activities. Locally sourced plants, HPLC fractionation of "hits" into 96 fractions for bioassay, and chemical interrogation of biologically active wells can reduce the time taken to isolate an active compound to a matter of days. A final somewhat provocative talk by Dr. David J. Newman (Retired Chief, Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland) was entitled "Are Natural Products Isolated from Plants, Products of Epiand/or Endophytic Microbes with/within the Host?" This was coauthored with Dr. Gordon M. Cragg (also Retired Chief, Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland). It was posited in this presentation that there is increasing evidence that many plant secondary metabolites, including homoharringtonine, are actually produced, at least in part, by micro-organisms that are associated with a given plant of origin. As a result of the highly informative talks presented, attendees at the symposium came away with a strong impression of both how plant-derived compounds were investigated in the recent past to become important cancer chemotherapeutic agents and also their potential for future discoveries of this type. PDF versions of the slides presented for most of the talks have been deposited on the Web site of the American Society of Pharmacognosy at http://www.pharmacognosy.us/workshps/. In addition to his work on plant-derived anticancer agents, Dr. Powell was Associate Editor for the Journal of Natural Products from 1991 to 2013, with his late wife, Rosemary, working as his editorial assistant for this same period of time. As Symposium Chairs, we wish to congratulate and thank Richard Powell for all of his outstanding past scientific and editorial contributions. Susan Band Horwitz Albert Einstein College of Medicine A. Douglas Kinghorn The Ohio State University


Consumer awareness, innovation, and the desire to meet certification standards are a trifecta driving growth in the natural and organic beauty market.


A combination of co-amoxiclav and erythromycin has been shown in these studies to be more effective than either agent alone against intracellular Legionella pneumophila in MRC-5 cells and following oral administration in an experimental respiratory infection in neutropenic rats,


The morphological features and mechanical properties of PVDF/PBS blends with a variety of blend ratios and under different preparation conditions have been studied by optical and atomic force microscopy, as well as by tensile tests. It was found that, at high PVDF crystallization temperature, a small amount of PBS in the 70/30 PVDF/PBS blends has been expelled into the PVDF spherulite margin areas and interspherulitic regions due to the high diffusion ability of PBS and the slower crystal growth rate of the PVDF at high temperature. Nevertheless, the PBS affects the crystallization of PVDF significantly, which has been revealed by the increase in birefringence of PVDF spherulites of both α and γ types and the increase in band period of the α PVDF spherulites. With increasing PBS content, the increase in birefringence of PVDF spherulites and the increase in band period of the α PVDF spherulites get more evident, reflecting a more efficient influence of PBS on the crystallization of PVDF. In the PBS-rich blends, e.g., in the 40/60 and 30/70 PVDF/PBS blends, the PVDF forms isolated spherulites with large non-crystallizing PBS melt regions, which results in an interspherulitic phase separation with bigger interspherulitic PVDF areas. There is, however, PBS dispersed within the PVDF spherulites. During the crystallization of PBS at low temperature, it was found that the PBS in the interspherulitic and interaspherulitic regions growth in different manner with different growth rates. At lower PVDF crystallization temperatures, the PVDF crystallizes first and fills all the volume in regardless its content in the blends. This leads to the PBS being distributed in the interlamellar or interfibrillar regions of PVDF spherulites only. However, the growth of PBS in banded and non-banded PVDF matrix is different, reflecting the influence of pre-existing PVDF crystals on the crystallization of PBS. Tensile test shows that the deformation behavior depends remarkably on the blend ratio and the crystallization temperature of the PVDF. Such phenomena has been correlated and explained in view of the inner morphological change.


The article presents the research of the working norms and practices of the Soviet elite in the 1945-1950. The main attention is paid to the political biographies of the chairmen of Leningrad local government (Soviets). The research is based on methods of the oral history and the history of emotions; its source base includes documents from the archives of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Crimea. The studied generation of Leningrad leading cadres came to government positions in the late 1930s, after the repressions of the "Great Terror". The members of the Soviet elite passed the testing of their professional skills during World War II and the Blockade of Leningrad, and directed the forced postwar reconstruction of the national economy. In the late 1940s, they became victims of the so-called "Leningrad affair".


Solute-solvent interactions having chemically interesting consequences manifest themselves in many spectroscopic measurements. A study of such interactions requires the ability to perform dilute gas phase measurements that can serve as a reference standard for the optical properties of the "isolated" solute molecule. However, vapor phase measurements are not always feasible; hence, the concept of the "inert" solvent is widely employed. Briefly, one hopes to find a solvent in which, aside from unavoidable changes such as a variation in bulk dielectric constant, the molecular species of interest is in an environment that does not differ too markedly from that in the gas phase. For example, in spectroscopic studies of hydrogen bonding with alcohols, a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane has been used' as such a reference medium. In connection with our recent work2' 3on the temperature dependence of circular dichroism (C.D.), we have observed a number of solvent effects' that have forced us to reappraise our estimations as to what might constitute an "inert" solvent. Our understanding of these effects is far from complete. Hence, our interpretative remarks can only be qualitative, but we feel that the observations themselves are of sufficient interest to merit mention at this time, especially since they also bear on recent optical rotatory dispersion (O.R.D.)4 and C.D.' results for which no explanation could be offered. The Composition of the Observed C.D. Curve.-The observed rotational strength RoT associated with a particular absorption band at temperature T is conveniently gauged by the wavelength-weighted area under the corresponding C.D. curve according to the equation6


Purpose

This paper aims to revisit the author's 2007 "Postcard from Chittagong" to reprise the past decade of activity related to the ship breaking industry of Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on content analysis of global and local source documentation. This includes academic works, research reports from non-governmental organizations and general and specialist media reports.

Findings

Over the past decade, there have been a number of international initiatives that seek to control the disposal and dismantling of redundant ships. However, based on evidence of ongoing environmental and health impacts in Bangladesh, the effectiveness of these is questioned.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is intended to prompt debate on the ship breaking industry in Bangladesh and on the nature of global supply chains and logistics in the consumption society.

Originality/value

The paper revisits and updates a 2007 study that has been referred to and cited in a range of outlets. It is intended to continue and enhance discussion.


The completion of Shapley entropy of fuzzy measures has been obtained. It is pointed out that the Shapley!entropy of fuzzy measure with complete uncertainty possesses the maximum value, but on the other hand, a counter example is provided which shows that fuzzy measures with maximum Shapley entropy may be far from complete uncertainty. A new entropy, called complemented entropy, has been introduced. It is proved that fuzzy measures have complete certainty or complete uncertainty if and only if the sum of their Shapley entropy and complemenued entropy takes minimum value or maximum value respectively. And regular extension theory of fuzzy measures has been proposed.


Agricultural practices that make use of variable-rate (VR) distribution, introduced by precision agriculture (PA), are based on many points of variability which obtain different and modular effects that can affect the efficacy and environmental impact of the treatment performed. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of different structural combinations of an agricultural sprayer on the required power, fuel consumption, and carbon emissions. The studied machine was equipped with a mechanical device that regulated the air outlet section in three openings. The fan was tested in five blade angles and in two gear ratios. The power requirement (kW) was calculated using a torque-meter. Moreover, fuel consumption (L h−1), energy demand (MJ L−1), and carbon emissions (kg CO2eq kg−1) were calculated by the power consumption of each test. The results showed that all components of the layout and their interaction influenced consumption and, consequently, emissions. In order to mitigate the environmental impact of treatments, the outcomes suggest the possibility of implementing this study into algorithms that make setup choices during distribution.


Startup conditions are examined for a pulsed tokamak reactor that uses only inductive plasma current drive for startup, burn and shutdown. A zero-dimensional (profile-averaged) model that describes plasma power and particle balance equations is used to study several aspects of plasma startup and shutdown, including optimization of the startup pathway tradeoff of auxiliary startup heating power versus startup time, volt-second consumption, thermal stability and partial-power operations.


This study aims to develop epidemic model for vaccination and quarantine. The model is formulated based on SEIRVQ (Susceptible-Exposed– Infected - Recovered - Vaccinated - Quarantine) in order to predict the number of infection when an outbreak occurs. The model exhibits two equilibriums, disease-free and endemic equilibriums. The stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulation are used. The results found that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproductive number is less than unity. It means that the disease can be eradicated from the population. On the contrary, in case of the basic reproductive number is greater than unity, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, the formulated model is used to predict the chickenpox outbreak in 2016 at Songkhla, Thailand. Then, the predicted data were compared with the actual cases. Keywords : SEIRVQ epidemic model, basic reproductive number , stability


This paper summarizes the fatigue load under operation process of horizontal-axis wind turbine blade and the failure mode of blade materials,provides the fatigue life prediction methods of wind turbine blade.From the two aspects that the optimization layers design during the processing of composite materials of blade and the installing of fatigue load slow devices for operating wind blade,the methods for ascending blade fatigue life are proposed.As the development of large-scale wind turbine blade,some suggestions about safe and reliable measures during operation period are also put forward.


A practical method is developed for selecting the minimal number of lumped elements needed to represent a lossy transmission line if a certain accuracy is desired in a well-defined frequency range. This method, which uses dimensionless transmission line parameters, can be used in a wide range of applications and is also extended to hybrid equivalent circuits, consisting of ideal single lossless lines and resistors. For completeness, a lumped element model for coupled lossy lines is presented which uses the same dimensionless parameters and the same criteria as proposed for single lines. An example of coupled transmission line structure including skin-effect losses illustrates the approach. >


The goal of this study are 1) reveals the fact of the stress which follows in participation of culture physical education class in which the college student, 2) define the relationship between that stress and a class-satisfaction. In order to attain the goal of study from 325 college students who is participation to culture physical education class was collected a data. To analyze the collected data, using SPSS WIN 14.0 to perform Frequency Analysis, EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis), Reliability Analysis, One-way ANOVA, Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, were conducted. Results are as follows. First, While culture physical education class participation, the stressor has an significantly effect on educational factor of class-satisfaction. Second, While culture physical education class participation, the stressor has an significantly effect on rest factor of class-satisfaction. Third, While culture physical education class participation, the stressor has an significantly effect on social factor of class-satisfaction. Fourth, While culture physical education class participation, the stressor has an significantly effect on physical factor of class-satisfaction. Fifth, While culture physical education class participation, the stressor has an significantly effect on environmental factor of class-satisfaction.


Investigating the formation of organic molecules in hydrocarbon rich atmo spheres of planets and their moons is of paramount importance to understand the chemical composition, mixing ratios, and the future evolution of carbon bearing species in Solar System environments. The diacetylene molecule (C4H2) as de tected in the stratosphere of Saturn and its moon Titan is the largest polyatomic organic species observed so far in the outer Solar System. In addition the methyl radical (CH3) together with methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), methylacetylene (CH3CCH), propane (C3H8) and the CN bear ing species hydrogen cyanide (HCN), dicyan (NCCN), methylcyanide (CH3CN), cyanoacetylene (HCCCN), and presumably solid state dicyanoacetylene (NCC-CCN) were detected as well. Photochemical models of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and their satellites Titan and Triton predict further the presence of even more complex hydrocarbons up to triacetylene (C6H2) and tetraacety-lene (Csfib). Previous experiments attempting to unravel the formation of these molecules in planetary environments employed and open reactors subjecting gas mixtures to high energy discharges or electron bombardments; often products were analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GS-MS). This approach can match the existence of major trace constituents. However, no information on radical intermediates could be supplied; further, possible open shell products and extremely labile products cannot be identified; hence involved reaction mechanism can only be


The probability distributions are used to explain many of variations observed in real life phenomenon and show how these can be described in simple numerical terms. The distribution shows the probability of an event in an experiment,the event could be testing of human memory [9], survival of patient of cancer of a protest [7] time before the next telephone call , the distance between mutations on DNA stands [3], the number of cars passing through a certain point on road, the number of viruses that can affect a cell in cell culture, the number of light bulbs that burn out in a certain amount of time, the number of inventions of an inventor over his career [4] and so on. The collection of more important facts about common distribution in statistical theory and practice would be useful to variety of scientific works and workers. The distribution can be discrete or continuous depending upon the random variable taken into consideration. Foe example, the number of objects, one is able to remember in a human memory test, is discrete random variable where as the amount of rainfall measured over certain period is a continuous variable.In this article, we have resented one typical case of application to field of medicine. The emphasis is to provide a classroom teaching assistance rather than any original research contribution.


The 11 papers in this special issue focus on several topics of interest concerning wind energy and wind power generation.


A solution of the linear quadratic control problem involving functional differential equations gives a linear feedback control law which modifies the original system dynamics. Under certain assumptions, the eigenvalues of the modified linear system constitute a stable part of a spectrum of a hamiltonian operator associated with the optimization problem. These eigenvalues can be computed without solving the infinite dimensional Riccati equation. In this paper we present a method based on an earlier algorithm (constructed by A. Manitius, G. Payre and R. Roy) which solves directly the characteristic equation of the closed loop system, and compare it with a direct computation of eigenvalues of a symplectic hamiltonian matrix arising from a finite dimensional approximation of a functional differential equation.


Indian Railways (IR) is under increasing pressure on existing routes to handle larger passenger and goods traffic, which is growing at the rate of 10% per annum. Some of the busy sections are reaching their capacity limit. Conventional methods for enhancing the capacity of railways is by adding additional lines. Similarly by adding stations and shortening the inter-station distance, it is possible to increase the number of trains on the same line. However both these are expensive options. Intermediate block signalling (IBS) is a technique by which a block section between two adjoining stations is split into two by the provision of an additional signal which is remotely controlled from the station. The effect of such a signalling arrangement is the same as providing additional manned stations and increases the number of trains that can be passed on a line. The objective of this paper is to examine the signalling arrangement in IBS, its effect on line capacity and its design aspects to ensure safety of train operation. Theoretically predicted capacity increase is compared with actual increase achieved on a sample section 126 km route.


The study investigated how student tutors of Big Buddies Club, a community service tutoring English to elementary school students, learned and used classroom language in the prep training and tutoring program. The subjects of this qualitative study were four students tutoring a group of class 3 and 4 tutees. The data were collected through observation and documents. The results show that in prep training, student tutors learned classroom language through lecturing, saying classroom language and getting feedback when mispronunciations occurred, teaching practice, and sharing ideas with fellow tutors. In teaching practice, student tutors employed three out of eight types of classroom language. However, they lacked the opportunity to analyze their performance. In tutoring activities, student tutors used five types of classroom language. They employed some strategies to make the classroom language comprehensible for the tutees: repeating, translating into Indonesian, using 'wait time', providing modeling, gestures, and actions, and mixing the expressions and instructions in English and Indonesian. After eight meetings, they gained better fluency and pronunciation. As the community service has provided opportunities for students to learn and practice English, the program contributes a new insight of EFL pedagogy in Indonesia. Keywords—student tutors; classroom language; prep training;


The fundamental idea of Confucian thoughts could be used as reference for the settlement of the issues of the development of social and economy and the environment protection. The idea of harmony of man with nature provides a new way for balancing the relationship of man and nature. It's necessary to grasp the essence of harmony, and to face the ecological crisis, so that to strengthen the ecological moral construction to reach the harmony of whole nature.


PURPOSE: Provided is a double-sided transparent exposure apparatus of band-shaped work for allowing a mask pattern to be exposed on both sides of the band-shaped work simultaneously and for preventing the sagging due to the thermal expansion during exposure. CONSTITUTION: The double-sided transparent exposure apparatus comprises a first mask(M1) which has a pattern forming on a first surface of a band-shaped work(W); a second mask(M2) which has a pattern forming on a second surface of a band-shaped work; a first projection lens(31) arranged on the first surface of a band-shaped work; a second projection lens(32) arranged on the second surface of a band-shaped work; at least one light irradiation part(41, 42) which irradiates the exposure light to the band-shaped work through the first and second masks and the first and second projection lenses; a returning means(R3) for returning the band-shaped work; a first means(11) which applies tension to the band-shaped work to the returning direction; a second means which applies tension to the direction perpendicular to the returning direction; and a maintenance means(6) which maintains the band-shaped work.


A technique for calibrating broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors is presented. The technique is very simple and uses a powdered ferrite core as a calibration standard. The purpose of the calibration is to improve the accuracy of the senor which enhances its ability to discriminate between different types of targets. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.


The ultra-precision measuring of deep-hole diameters is a tough task of inner size measurement.A method of laser deep-hole diameter measuring were presented based on dynamic Abbe′s principle.The measurement system integrates the length measurement technique of dual frequency laser interfere and the aiming method of dual-direction capacitance displacement sensor.Through the suitable arrangement of capacitance displacement aiming sensor,length and depth measuring optical paths,it was ensured the any section hole-diameter′s measurement of deep hole follows the Abbe′s principle.Six standdard gauges between Φ 5 mm and Φ 16 mm were employed to test the characteristic of the system.The ultra-precision measurements of the deep-hole′s any section hole diameters were experimentally realized by this system.The resolution is 10 nm and the uncertainty is 0.1 μm.


TMX experimental data on ambipolar potential control and on the accompanying electrostatic confinement are reported. In the radial core of the central cell, measurements of electrostatic potentials of 150 V which augment axial ion confinement are in agreement with predictions using the Maxwell-Boltzmann result. Central-cell ion confinement was observed to scale according to electrostatic potential theory up to average enhancement factors of eight times over mirror confinement alone.


We consider several ways to measure the `geometric complexity' of an embedding from a simplicial complex into Euclidean space. One of these is a version of `thickness', based on a paper of Kolmogorov and Barzdin. We prove inequalities relating the thickness and the number of simplices in the simplicial complex, generalizing an estimate that Kolmogorov and Barzdin proved for graphs. We also consider the distortion of knots. We give an alternate proof of a theorem of Pardon that there are isotopy classes of knots requiring arbitrarily large distortion. This proof is based on the expander-like properties of arithmetic hyperbolic manifolds.


In medical image reconstruction, one always has in mind the ultimate goal of obtaining the reconstruction that will yield the most accurate diagnosis given a specified task. The visual appearance of any reconstruction will depend on several factors including the method used to obtain the reconstruction. Statistical methods have been the topic of much recent interest in emission tomography. virtually all statistical methods attempt to find the reconstruction that agrees with the collected data to a degree that does not contradict any prior information assumed about the object. The prior information, and the way that one incorporates this information, is what typically distinguishes one statistical method of reconstruction from another. A plethora of methods exists and because of this, a natural question arises: which method should be used? While many methods have been investigated independent of others, an objective comparison of any of these methods is something that has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this presentation, we make objective comparisons of several statistical methods of image reconstruction. To do this, we define a specific task and use different reconstruction methods on a given class of objects. Based on the specified task, we make objective comparisons of the different methods of reconstruction through psychophysical studies and receiver operating characteristic analysis.


How do we combat the "culture of disengagement" [1] in engineering education? How do we effectively prepare students for the sociotechnical nature of engineering practice? As engineering educators, our responses to these questions often emphasize contextualization. Efforts to encourage engagement with public welfare, sociotechnical thinking, or social justice among engineering students often begin and sometimes end with illuminating the broader context of engineering practice and problems. For socially minded engineering educators, contextualization is nearly always a virtue. This paper analyzes and critiques practices of contextualizing engineering. Based on a qualitative content review of recent engineering education literature, we first describe and classify different modes of contextualization. In some cases, contextualizing means adding personal context or alternative perspectives to cultivate empathy with users or stakeholders (e.g. [2]). In others, contextualization is part of integrating sociotechnical thinking into engineering curriculum (e.g. [3]). This takes a variety of forms, but often includes examination of the sociocultural contexts of engineering problems and foregrounding the social aspects of engineering problem definition (e.g.[4]). A third mode of contextualization is found in social justice-centered approaches to engineering, which contextualize by emphasizing the often obscured power relations that engineering contains and upholds [5]. The first two approaches take contextualization as their primary end. Adding additional context is intended to deepen students' understanding of a problem, but not necessarily to suggest how they ought to solve it. The third approach, social justice-oriented engineering, takes a stronger normative stance. Contextualization here is a means to help students identify social injustices that engineers can then help to ameliorate [6]. We interpret the results of our content review through our personal experiences as researchers and educators in science and technology studies (STS) and engineering education. We, like many engineering educators, are wary of overly prescriptive ethics instruction which elides power dynamics and places too much onus on individual actors [7]. Contextualization as an end is a tempting solution; however, we also recognize the risks of illuminating complexity without providing direction [8]. We see flaws in our own balancing act, often defaulting to more contextualization in an effort to render content more acceptable to students and engineering colleagues, or to avoid charges of bias. Ultimately, we argue for a balance of contextualization and normativity. We support alternative approaches to contextualizing engineering that emphasize engineers' civic responsibilities and, crucially, the integration of their intersectional roles as citizens and professionals. These modes of contextualization embrace the idea of sociotechnical thinking, but also encourage engineers to work towards public welfare as engaged citizens.


ABSTRACT: Physical activity is connected with adults' health in many ways, and walking is the most
popular form of physical activity among adults all over the world. The authors have previously studied
this issue in an under-construction environment in a new town in a developing country. The present study
investigates the impact of built environmental features and qualities on walkability in developed areas in
relatively well-to do neighborhoods in a city (Shiraz). The 34 effective variables of the built environment
on walkability are extracted from the literature. Built environmental features and residents' transport
and recreation walking were gathered through perceived manner. Factor analysis was, then, run for the
measured built environment features, from which 8 factors were extracted. They were interpreted in terms
of related variables. This study reveals that the only qualities that have significant effect on recreation
walkability are comfort and attraction, safety, aesthetics whereas transport walking is only influenced by
steepness of sidewalks. Contrary to the existing literature, Accessibility, public transportation, pollution,
and sidewalk quality have no significant effect on walkability. These results demonstrate that lifestyle
factors such as personal free time, pedestrian-related habits, car-dependence habits, sexualized habitus,
inabilities, etc. are very crucial in determining the effective built environment features and qualities on
walking behaviors.


In a sample of 148 children with acute leukemia a positive correlation was found between the duration of remission and the highest percentage bone marrow lymphocyte count observed during remission; a negative correlation was found between remission duration and the average lymphocyte count. The first finding is probably a statistical artifact, while the second supports the view that bone marrow lymphocytosis occurring repeatedly during remission may be a poor prognostic sign.


The Online Billing and Reservation System was proposed to solve a problem commonly experienced by resorts nowadays: the difficulty of dealing with reservations using the existing manual system. The study aimed on how the manual system performs throughout the entire process of reservation. The importance of the procedures of the manual system was made in order to create a system that will be a solution to the problem stated.
The proponents used Data Flow Diagrams to analyze the existing system to create the proposed system that will eliminate the problem regarding the difficulty of handling reservations. Also, the existing system or the manual system covered the entire reservation process of the resort which includes updating and adding reservation request, and the billing process. Based on the research made by the proponents, some problems were identified, such as vulnerability of data to error, weak data security, and difficulty in reservation endorsement. The proposed system implemented the process similar to that of the existing system, but user inputs were made much easier and faster compared to that of the manual system.
The security of the data is also reinforced, and the real-time manipulation of data greatly improved the process of reservation. Since the study includes proper data manipulation and handling, an evaluation of the manual system was needed and performed. Overall, the proponents gathered necessary data that helped in the process of enhancing the existing system of the company through the proposed system.


In the view of water resource protection,the performance of cost and its economy,a full-automatic toilet for waste-water utilization was presented,the working principle and inner structure of which were emphatically elaborated. The performance index of washing function,water-saving efficiency,environmental protection,reliability and service life have exceeded the existing water-saving ones. Besides,the degree of its automation and convenient application has reached the international top level. The characteristics of its automation are as follows: choose waste-water preferentially when washing toilet; use the minimum volume of tap water when the waste-water is not enough; the waste-water recovery unit can keep the maximum volume of water; automatically identify the quantity of waste-water,and consequently automatically choose the right drainage tank and collect waste-water; collect waste-water automatically. The application results show that this toilet is superior in automation,performance-price ratio,reliability and flexibility and convenience,and therefore the design has a broad application prospects.


DTU 1.0 SOC • 32 AI compute core, 4 clusters • 40 Data transfer engines • 4 High speed interconnects • 2 HBM2 providing 512GB/s bandwidth


Basil is a medicinal plant well-known for the phenolic compounds that it contains. The objective of our study was to test the effects of biosolids on the concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and some morpho-physiological parameters of basil, Aromat de Buzău cultivar, in order to establish an optimal dose for application. The treatments used were represented by 5 doses of biosolids (V1 1%, V2 5%, V3 10%, V4 15% and V5 20%) mixed with eroded soil (v/v). The total phenolic content varied between 25 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g of fresh weight (f.w.) (V5) and 28 mg GAE/g f.w. (V1), while the total flavonoid content varied between 20 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g f.w. (V5) and 24 mg QE/g f.w. (V1). Regarding the antioxidant activity of basil extracts expressed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) inhibition, a direct correlation with the phenolic content was observed, the values being situated between 56% (V5) and 67% (V1). The highest chlorophyll-a content was recorded for V4 and V5 treatments (1.28 mg/g f.w.), the highest chlorophyll-b content was recorded for V2 and V3 (0.45 mg/g f.w.), while the highest carotenoid content was obtained in the case of V2 (0.26 mg/g f.w.). Regarding the chlorophyll fluorescence, no significant variations were registered. In terms of production, the best results were registered for V3 (172 g/plant) and the lowest for V1 (118 g/plant). In conclusion, the use of biosolids in low concentration (1%, 5%, and 10%) for the fertilization of basil had a stimulating effect on the synthesis of phenolic compounds, also contributing to the increase of plant production, with a major impact for further pharmacological purposes.


Use of kaolin,chitosan and chitin as possible formulation filler of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 was investigated in respects of protection,survival in the soil and the protection of watermelon blight.Results showed that the three formulation fillers were favorable to resist heat and UV.The number of viable propagules stored at 4 ℃ was at least 100 times more than that of CK after six months storage.The three materials released Fo47 propagules easily,among them,chitisan and chitin could increase the viable propagules within 60 days,indicating that they kept compatibility with Fo47.The three biological agents had good control effects on watermelon blight,which were 42.31%,65.39% and 57.68%,respectively,also they had growth-promoting effects.The control effect of chitosan treatment was comparable to that of hymexazol.The results showed that kaolin,chitosan and chitin could provide an application prospect as possible formulation filler of strain Fo47.


Accurate traffic classification is necessary for many administrative networking tasks like security monitoring, providing Quality of Service and network design or planning. We apply 18 machine learning algorithms to classify network traffic based on six classes of statistical parameters. In contrast to other studies, we use a per-packet approach instead of a perflow approach to make it possible to use the classification results for real-time network interception. In this paper we illustrate the accuracy of the algorithms with different parameter combinations with the goal to reduce the amount of necessary parameters needed for high accuracy traffic classification. Our results indicate that some parameter combinations can be used to classify a large number of protocols. We identified algorithms with good and worse classification accuracy and algorithms which need much time for classification, so that they cannot be used for real-time classification. Keywords-flow classification, Internet traffic, traffic identification.


From the perspective of archetypal storytelling, the two Nobel Prize-winning postcolonial playwrights Wole Soyinka and W.B. Yeats tell remarkably similar stories in their plays The Death of Cuchulain and Death and the King's Horseman. This article will examine the common ground between these two plays and propose that as the goals of the two playwrights coincided, so did their plots, characters, and imagery.


The present invention relates to a call authentication method using a one time outgoing number. According to the present invention, the call authentication method using a one time outgoing number wherein the method is implemented by a server linked with a user terminal and a call server, comprises the following steps: a first step of checking a user phone number to be connected; a second step of selecting a one time outgoing number to be mapped onto the user phone number or checking a selected one time outgoing number; a third step of mapping the selected one time outgoing number onto the user phone number and storing the numbers; a fourth step of displaying the one time outgoing number as a user-dedicated outgoing number on the user terminal; a fifth step of providing the selected one time outgoing number and the user phone number to the call server; a sixth step of receiving authentication data, which includes a call server-side outgoing number and a call server-side incoming number, for the line coupling a first call connection and a second call connection from the call server if the line of a request for the first call connection, which contains the one time outgoing number as a user-dedicated outgoing number and the user phone number as an incoming number, and the line of a request for the second call connection which contains the user phone number as an outgoing number and the one time outgoing number as an incoming number coupled together through a communications company server linked with the call server; and a seventh step of authenticating whether the call server-side outgoing number matches the user phone number and the call server-side incoming number matches the one time outgoing number.


Advances in shallow-water modeling and high performance computing, combined with the increasing availability of fine scale geospatial data, now makes it possible to simulate flooding at spatial and temporal scales comparable to how people experience flooding. This poses enormous opportunities to improve the targeted communication of flood risks and accelerate adoption of vulnerability reduction measures. Here we present collaborative shallow-water modeling of flood hazards with end users, which results in hazard maps tailored to local decision-making needs and poised to reduce flood vulnerability within at risk communities.


This paper describes an ultrasonic collusion avoidance system that is useful in situations where the driver is backing up. This system provides a warning to the driver that objects are in the path and displays the distance to the object.


Different styles of anti-electromagnetic radiation garment fabrics were tested and evaluated.Based on the anti-electromagnetic radiation mechanism of electromagnetic wave shielding garment,the relevant simulation experiment was designed.The radiation source,radiation distance,anti-electromagnetic radiation fabric,garment processing slit and the size of holes in the garment effeted on the radiation properties were analysed.The mathematical model of garment anti-electro magnetic radiation shielding effectiveness was set up according to these variable factors.The stable and practical properties of this modle was tested and verified.The result shows that the mathematical model is feasible in calculating garment shielding effectiveness.


Let C ′ = C ∪ {∞} be the extended complex plane and M = ⟨ x, y : x = y = 1 ⟩ , where x(z) = −1 3z and y(z) = −1 3(z+1) are the linear fractional transformations from C ′ → C ′ . Let m be a squarefree positive integer. Then Q∗( √ n) = { √ n c : a, c ̸= 0, b = a−n c ∈ Z and (a, b, c) = 1} where n = km, is a proper subset of Q( √ m) for all k ∈ N . For non-square n = 3 ∏r i=1 p ki i , it was proved in an earlier paper by the same authors that the set Q ′′′ ( √ n) = {αt : α ∈ Q∗( √ n), t = 1, 3} is M -set ∀ h ≥ 0 whereas if h = 0 or 1, then Q∗∗∗ √ n) = { √ n c : a+ √ n c ∈ Q ∗( √ n) and 3 | c} is an M -subset of Q ′′′ ( √ n) = Q∗( √ n) ∪ Q∗∗∗( √ 9n). In this paper we prove that if h ≥ 2, then Q( √ n) = (Q∗( √ n 9 )\Q ∗∗∗( √ n 9 ))∪Q ∗( √ n)∪Q∗∗∗( √ 9n) and also determine its proper M -subsets. In particular Q( √ m) \ Q = ∪Q( √ k2m) for all k ∈ N . AMS (MOS) Subject Classification Codes: 05C25, 11E04, 20G15


ABSTRACT This article highlights recent advances in the development of transition metal-based catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation, particularly the enhancement of their catalytic activity for low-temperature oxidation. Various factors that enhance low-temperature activity are reviewed, such as morphology and tunnel structures, synthesis methods, specific surface area, amount and type of active surface oxygen species, oxidation state, and density of active sites are discussed. In addition, catalyst immobilization for practical air purification, reaction mechanism of formaldehyde oxidation, and the reaction parameters affecting the overall efficiency of the reaction are also reviewed.


The thermodynamic parameters defining the basic dissociation in water of diethylamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, and quinuclidine have been determined by a dilution method based on conductance measurements. The values of ΔSa0 and ΔCpa0 for the acid ionization of the corresponding ammonium ions at 25 °C are ΔSa0 −8.08, −1.24, −8.51, −13.65 cal deg−1 mol−1 and ΔCpa0 13.9, −2.7, 18.0, 4.2 cal deg−1 mol−1. The relation between these derived values and solvation changes are discussed, the apparent anomalous values of ΔCpa0 for cyclohexylamine and quinuclidine being noted, but not rationalized.


Multi thruster assemblies (Clusters) - are considered as a key technology to create powerful electric propulsion systems for perspective space transportation systems. Operation of a such assembly, interaction between thrusters and between exhaust plasma plumes have some specific, which is not well studied yet and requires dedicated research. In this article results of experimental study of three-thruster assembly, based on D-55 anode layer thruster, are presented. Flexibility of the cluster design and operation in regard to it's size, power supply scheme and propellant management system is studied. Possibility to utilize remote cathode for cluster operation is experimentally demonstrated. Additivity of the thrust and discharge currents of the thruster assembly in a different schemes are studied, and it was demonstrated that resulted thrust value of the cluster in all studied regimes and schemes is summa of individual thrust values in all tested schemes. Sensitivity of the cluster assembly operation to non symmetrical deviation thruster regimes was studied and possibility to vary cluster thrust vector by independent variation of thruster regimes demonstrated. Discharge current oscillations of each thruster and oscillations of the summarized current of three thrusters operating from one common power supply are considered. Observed oscillations were independent in each thruster discharge circuit despite on operation from common power supply. Measured amplitude of common current oscillations is of the same order as one in individual thruster circuit. The results of complex cluster plume characterization using Langmuir probes are presented. The comparison of single thruster plume parameters and cluster ones is carried out. Presence of nonlinear effects in the cluster joint plume was identified based on analysis of calculated and measured joint plume.


Highly c-oriented ZnO fihns were prepared on ZnO buffer-coated ITO substrate by a solution method at 80℃. The effects of precursor concentration and growth time on the morphology of the fihns were investigated. The structure, morphology were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that the morphology of ZnO fihns is strongly dependent on the precursor concentration and growth time, all the ZnO rods belong to the hexagonal wurtzite structure . The growth manner of ZnO is layer by layer. Special lath-like crystals formed by secondary growth when growth tune was 48h.


Quantifying the effectiveness of large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 is critical to adapting responses against future waves of the pandemic. By combining phylogenetic data of 5,198 SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the chronology of non-pharmaceutical interventions in 57 countries, we examine how interventions and combinations thereof alter the divergence rate of viral lineages, which is directly related to the epidemic reproduction number. Home containment and education lockdown had the largest independent impacts and were predicted to reduce the reproduction number by 35% and 26%, respectively. However, we find that in contexts with a reproduction number >2, no individual intervention is sufficient to stop the epidemic and increasingly stringent intervention combinations may be required. Our phylodynamic approach can complement epidemiological models to inform public health strategies against COVID-19.


Abstract. Thrombocytopenia in general, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia in particular, is a disease of high prevalence with a non‐satisfactory regime of treatment. The present study aimed to explore the feasibility of an alternative treatment, based on the rationale that autologous erythrocytes modified to bear covalently bound fibrinogen would participate passively in the aggregation of the remaining platelets, thus augmenting the haemostatic needs, while resisting the autoimmune reaction directed towards the platelets. Several procedures for the cross‐linking of fibrinogen to red blood cells (RBCs) were tested. Formaldehyde (33 μm) for 10 min at 23°C attached 58 fibrinogen molecules per erythrocyte. These erythrocytes were indistinguishable from untreated erythrocytes in the following properties: osmotic fragility, bound haemoglobin, sedimentation rate, acetylcholi‐nesterase activity, phagocytosis by macrophages, rosette formation with K562 cells. It is shown that RBCs cross‐linked with fibrinogen are capable of participating in the in vitro aggregation of platelets and are indeed effective in the in vivo process of arrest of bleeding in an animal model of autoimmune thrombocytopenia.


With the development of information systems and technologies, their spread and improvement, mankind has invented a large number of ways to make life easier with the help of the Internet and electronics. The economy is also not standing still: for example, a few years ago, online stores became very popular, offering customers a wide range of products. Thanks to them, many different economic transactions are conducted every day via the Internet. As a result, the concept of e-commerce has developed rapidly. This term means doing business on global networks. In a simpler sense - trade via the Internet. In addition to stationary stores, various companies also open online ones. As a result, such companies have the opportunity to increase competitiveness, reduce costs associated with the sale of products and provide more useful and high-quality information about goods to their customers.


Color fundus images are now widely used in computer-aided analysis systems for ophthalmic diseases. However, fundus imaging can be affected by human, environmental, and equipment factors, which may result in low-quality images. Such quality fundus images will interfere with computer-aided diagnosis. Existing methods for enhancing low-quality fundus images focus more on the overall visualization of the image rather than capturing pathological and structural features at the finer scales of the fundus image sufficiently. In this paper, we design an unsupervised method that integrates a multi-scale feature fusion transformer and an unreferenced loss function. Due to the loss of microscale features caused by unpaired training, we construct the Global Feature Extraction Module (GFEM), a combination of convolution blocks and residual Swin Transformer modules, to achieve the extraction of feature information at different levels while reducing computational costs. To improve the blurring of image details caused by deep unsupervised networks, we define unreferenced loss functions that improve the model's ability to suppress edge sharpness degradation. In addition, uneven light distribution can also affect image quality, so we use an a priori luminance-based attention mechanism to improve low-quality image illumination unevenness. On the public dataset, we achieve an improvement of 0.88 dB in PSNR and 0.024 in SSIM compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Experiment results show that our method outperforms other deep learning methods in terms of vascular continuity and preservation of fine pathological features. Such a framework may have potential medical applications.


One hundred branched cadavers were dissected in order to observe the morphological character of the beginning part of the vertebral artery. There are 193 cases (96.5±1.3%) out of 200 sides in which the vertebral artery takes its origin from the subclavian artery. According to the position of the origin, they may be classified into three groups: 1) in the first group it takes its origin just on the arch of the subclavian artery, out of 193 sides, 159 belong to this group, 2) in the second group, the vertebral artery originates immediately before the subclavian artery going over to form the arch; out of 193 sides, 28 belong to this group, 3) The remaining 6 belong to the third group in which the vertebral artery takes its origins from the medial wall of subclavian artery, which already lies in the cavum thorax. The verteral arteries with abnormal origins were 7 (3.5±1.3%) in number, being 1 case on the right and 6 cases on the left. Owing to the difference of the origin of the vertebral artery, the angle formed by the vertebral artery and the subclavian artery is not the same. In our specimens, the angle on the right side is usually greater than that on the left side. The most mommon foramen for the entrance of the vertebral artery is found to be the 6th foramen transversarium. The 5th, 4th and 7th came next in order. Their percentages are 93.5±1.7, 3.5±1.3, 2.0±0.9 and 1±0.7 respectively. This article has also dealt with the calibre and the surface anatomy of the origin of the vertebral artery.


As the overall fidelity and performance of simulation systems increases, there is a need for improved representation of transportation features. Roads, bridges, tunnels, and other drivable features need to be accurate representations of the real world and interoperable across a confederate of training systems. Improvements in the fidelity of these features in the past have primarily been focused on increased texture resolution and integration of hand modeled features. However, as the capabilities and expectations of ground based training systems increases, there is a need for major upgrades to the representation of transportation features. This paper details the research and implementation efforts to greatly improve the appearance, and functionality of transportation features on simulation systems. The goal of this effort is to model detailed geospecific roads, bridges, and tunnels that can be used in virtual and constructive simulation systems. Road networks and associated features have typically been represented as two-dimensional GIS linear features with attribution. However, in reality, roads are much more complex. Roads can vary in width, number of lanes, and driving rules at any point along the road. Placement of traffic lights and signs requires knowledge of the traffic laws and lane types for each lane in a road. Complex intersections such as freeway interchanges often involve complex three-dimensional interactions between roads where some roads merge, some roads intersect, and some roads pass over or under other roads. Because of this enhanced data models were required to represent these complex features. Our solution includes a standalone topology analysis tool that converts the GIS data features to an optimized OpenDRIVE format that is capable of representing road geometry and topology. A model generation toolkit can read this format and output textured geometry for a wide variety of simulation tools and terrain generation platforms. Finally, we describe the integration with a production database generation program's workflow.


Upon cooling, many materials undergo an electronic phase transition leading to infinite conductivity. This state of matter, known as superconductivity, was first discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes while working with liquefied helium [Onnes]. At 4.2K he discovered that the resistivity of mercury dropped below detectable values. Shortly after this discovery, many other elements, such as tin, were also observed to exhibit zero resistance at extremely low temperatures. Indeed, the discovery of superconductivity in simple systems was necessarily delayed until refrigeration techniques advanced sufficiently to reach temperatures close to absolute zero. The discovery of superconductivity came as a shock to the scientific community. As mercury cools, scientists expected that the resulting state would consist of bound immobile electrons; leading to the expectation that mercury would act as an insulator as temperatures were suppressed towards absolute zero. This unexpected deviation from theory sparked interest in understanding the underlying mechanism responsible for this new phase of matter. However, decades passed before a satisfactory explanation was supplied by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schriefer in thier famous paper outlining BCS Theory in 1957 [Bardeen]. This theory identified the charge carriers as a coherent state of electron pairs, known as Cooper pairs, bound together by phonon interactions. The binding energy of these Cooper pairs was shown to be proportional to


Mass transport losses are one of the least understood contributors to the over potential in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. In order to explore the possible contribution of porous media two phase fl ow to these losses, we have used neutron-imaging techniques and took a closer look at water and gas distribution pro fi les at various current densities, ranging from kinetic to mass transport-governed regions at ambient and elevated pressures. Gas volume and velocity have been computed through quanti fi ed neutron images and the two-phase fl ow regime has been identi fi ed. Using sub-second imaging, information on dynamics of gas pathway establishment and re-imbibition during startup and shutdown of electrolyzers has been acquired. Using X-ray tomography and simulated mercury intrusion porosimetry coupled with capillary pressure calculations, the hydrophilicity of the internal surfaces of the porous transport layer material has been determined.


The list of human infectious diseases has recently significantly expanded due to new focal infections that are transmitted by the bite of blood-sucking arthropods. Ixodes ticks borrelioses, including Lyme disease, remain the most common naturally occurring transmissible infection in the United States, Europe, and Ukraine in particular. Material and methods. For the last 10 years in Ukraine there has been a tendency to increase the incidence of Lyme disease with an intensive rate from 0.12 in 2000 to 6.45 in 2016. The incidence of Lyme disease in Chernivtsi region during the period under analysis increased by 30 (with an increase in the intensive rate from 0.11% in 2000 to 3.31% in 2016). The purpose of the work was to investigate the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, including positive findings on Borrelia burgdorferi in Chernivtsi region for the period of 2018-2019. Results and discussion. We used the common division of Chernivtsi region into landscape-geographical zones. According to its relief, the territory of Chernivtsi region is divided into a mountain zone (the Bukovynian Carpathians), foothills (Prut-Sirets interfluve) and plain (Prut-Dniester interfluve, forest-steppe zone). We analyzed indicators of the relative number of Ixodes ticks in landscape-geographical areas and the percentage of Ixodes ticks with positive findings, i.e. those that carry the pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed by the method of determining the confidence interval, the level of probability was taken as p≤0.05. The data comparison obtained in 2018 and 2019 showed that during the study period there was a significant increase in the number of ticks that transmit pathogenic Borrelia, in all regions except the mountain zone, especially prominent in the foothills of the Carpathians. Using statistics data, risk of detection was calculated, which is interpreted as the risk of Lyme disease infection when bitten by a tick. When comparing the zones of the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Carpathian Mountains (21%) in 2018 the risk of detection was established at 0.92 [0.63-1.36], and in 2019 – the foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Carpathian Mountains (15%), respectively, risk of detection equaled 2.7 [1.66-4.41]. The risk of detection of 1.4 [1.66-4.41] was set for both years. When comparing the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (13.5%) in 2018, the risk of detection was 1.44 [1.01-2.06], and in 2019 - the Foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (24%), respectively, risk of detection – 1.56 [1,17-2,09]. The risk of detection of 1.5 [1.2-1.89] was set for both years. During the next stage of the study, we compared the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, which could cause borreliosis, with bacterial contamination of water in the relevant areas. We found a reliable correlation of medium strength between bacterial contamination of water and the percentage of infected ticks – Cramer coefficient was 0.37. Conclusion. Thus, we found an increase in the number of Ixodes ticks, including Borrelia burgdorferi, in Chernivtsi region over the past two years. The risk of infection with borreliosis from Ixodes ticks had a significant increase and extended from the Forest-Steppe zone to the Foothills and the Carpathian Mountains in the period from 2018 till 2019. A significant correlation was found between bacterial water contamination and the percentage of infected Ixodes ticks in Chernivtsi region


Recently, Krushkal showed that the universal Teichmflller space is not starlike. In this note, we shall extend his result to Teichmflller spaces of Fuchsian groups whose quotient surfaces have an arbitrarily large disc. Especially, Teichmiiller spaces of Fuchsian groups of the second kind are not starlike. Let H and H* be the upper half plane and the lower half plane, respectively. The hyperbolic distance between z and w in H is denoted by d(z, w). Let /' be a Fuchsian group acting on H, i.e., a discrete subgroup of PSL(2,R). The trivial group is denoted by 1. We say that a set X is precisely invariant under the trivial group 1 in /if 7(X) Cl X= for all 7 F-{id.}. Let Q(/) be the complex Banach space of bounded holomorphic quadratic differentials for F on H*. Namely, Q(/) is the set of holomorphic functions o on H*, with norm IIsup 4y2o(z) < oo (z x + iy), zH and satisfying the functional equation (r(z))r'(z)= (z), r r. For each p Q(/), there exists a locally schicht holomorphic function W on H* such that the Schwarzian derivative {W, z} is equal to 0(z). The Teichmtiller space T(F) of/' is the set of p Q(F) such that W admits a quasiconformal extention to the Riemann sphere (. Moreover, we denote by S(F) the set of those q Q(F) for which W are schlicht. A subset M of Q(/') is said to be starlike with respect to 0 M if for every M, {(1t)o+ t;o<_ t<_ 1} cM. Our main theorem is: Theorem 1. Let I" be a Fuchsian group acting on H. Suppose that H/1 has an arbitrarily large disc, i.e., for any positive number r, there exists a hyperbolic disc of radius r which is precisely invariant under the trivial group in I. Then T( F) is not starlike with respect to any point of it. Corollary. Teichmiiller spaces of Fuchsian groups of the second kind are not starlike with respect to any of their points. We need the following proposition which was essentially proved in [5]. Proposition. Let Fn (n N) be Fuchsian groups acting on H. Suppose that there is a sequence {rn}= of positive numbers such that A(rn) {z H; d(z, i) < rn} is precisely invariant under the trivial group in Fn for each n and No. 3] On Non-starlikeness of Teichmilller Spaces 59 rn ---, oo as n--* oo. Then for any b T(1), there is a sequence {bn} n=l such thatbn T(I"n) and {bn}n converges to b in compactopen topology. Proof of Theorem 1. By the assumption, for each n N, there is an element an PSL(2, R) and a positive number rn such that A (rn) is precisely -1 invariant under the trivial group in Fn on Fan and rn--* oo as n Suppose that T(F)is starlike with respect to some point q T(F). Then,, T(I"n) is starlike with respect to the point qn(Z) q(an(z)) Since S(1)is compact in compact-open topology, we may assume that (qn}n=l converges to some 0o S(1) in compact-open topology. Take an isolated point of S(1). (The existence of such points is due to Thurston. See [1].) Since there are infinitely many such points, we can choose so that b is distinct from bo. And it is easy to see that there is a sequence ((k)}k= in T(1) which converges to in compact-open topology. From the above proposition, for each k N, there is a sequence ((k) n }n= such that d/n) T(Fn) and {n)},= converges to ()in compact-open topology. The starlikeness of T(F,) implies that ((1t)p' + t() 0 <_ t <_ 1} T(F.) S(1). For each fixed k, by taking n---* oo, we have {(1 t)(po + t() 0 < t <_ 1} S(1). Then by taking k--* c, (( t)Oo + t;o _< t_< ) s(). This contradicts the fact that is an isolated point of S(1). Remark. For an arbitrarily large r, there exists a Riemann surface offinite analitic type which contains a hyperbolic disc of radius r. Hence, the proof also shows that there are infinitely many finite-dimensional Teichmi;tller spaces which are not starlike with respect to the origin. By the very similar method, we can obtain the following" Theorem 2. Let I"n (n N) be Fuchsian groups acting on H. Suppose that for each n N, I' contains a hyperbolic element 'n and as n---+ c trace (') -4. Then there exists n N such that T(T'n) is not convex. Corollary. Let I" be an arbitrary Fuchsian group. Then there exists a Fuchsian group F' such that F' is a quasiconformal deformation of F and T(I") is not convex. Proof of Theorem 2. By the assumption, there exsists cn PSL -1 (2, R) such that I an lnOn contains an element 7" z--* rnz(rn > 1) and We consider the subspace Qo of Q(1) spanned by the element e(z) 1/ 4z2, and set To Qo fq T(1) and So Qo f3 S(1). Then To= {q= ce;c= 2(1-6),]6-1] < 1} and SO To. (See [2].) Hence, there are two points ()(j 1,2)in To such that (2)) So. Then by the proof of Theorem A in [4], for each j, there exsists a sequence {oh()} such that d T(F) and {()} converges to (Y) in compact-open topology. If we suppose that all T(T',) are convex, we are led to a contradiction as 60 M. TOKI [Vol. 69(A), in the proof of Theorem 1. Hence for some n, T(I',) is not convex, so neither is T(Fn).


The dominance of economic values in the tourism development has caused the decline of other important values, thus make the application of sustainability concept is crucial. As part of Indonesia's priority destinations, this concept is also needed to be applied in Samosir Island. In other hand as a tourism destination, a place must have distinctiveness to differentiate it from other places because tourism is fundamentally a recreational product based on place phenomenon. The research is a study of the value of uniqueness on the environmental elements of sustainable tourism in Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research used mixed methods where questionnaires were distributed to 105 respondents, field observation was conducted, and in-depth interviews were held with six key informants. The result shows that the existence of the traditional building has a great influence towards the physical integrity of the tourist while the diverse cultural activities in the areas required appropriate strategies in enhancing and supporting the environmental elements of sustainable tourism.


In this work we study different Implicit-Explicit (IMEX) schemes for incompressible flow problems with variable viscosity. Unlike most previous work on IMEX schemes, which focuses on the convective part, we here focus on treating parts of the diffusive term explicitly to reduce the coupling between the velocity components. We present different, both monolithic and fractional-step, IMEX alternatives for the variable-viscosity Navier--Stokes system, analysing their theoretical and algorithmic properties. Stability results are proven for all the methods presented, with all these results being unconditional, except for one of the discretisations using a fractional-step scheme, where a CFL condition (in terms of the problem data) is required for showing stability. Our analysis is supported by a series of numerical experiments.


Aiming at the tight coupling problems existing between various levels in the traditional architecture system, this paper puts forward a kind of interface-oriented programming idea to be used in the three-layer architecture system. The use of dependency injection mechanism and the factory design pattern makes the upper class no longer depend on the lower class, and only depend on an interface providing by the lower class. This kind of interface design model not only reduces the coupling between layers, but also to a certain extent, ensures the system's scalability and portability. It is conducive to the parallel development and maintenance of the whole project and improves the development efficiency.


Over the last century Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has become an established collection of statistical methods for estimating the tails of distributions in a wide range of academic disciplines. In addition, the practice of over-bounding the tail probabilities, typically using Gaussian distributions, has been developed in recent years for modeling system uncertainty. This paper analyzes and implements the combination of EVT estimation using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and conservative overbounding. Moreover, quantifying the uncertainties of EVT estimation is paramount for successfully constructing overbounds. Our work primarily investigates these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations of a variety of distributions. After characterizing these uncertainties, an EVT-based overbounding approach is presented for a simple linear system. The results of this work show that an EVT-based approach can generate conservative overbounds using significantly less data than experiments alone.


BACKGROUND:There is much debate regarding the optimal treatment of displaced distal radius fracture. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare functional and radiological outcomes of displaced distal radial fracture treated with cast or percutaneous pin.MATERIALS & METHODS: Sixty patients of all age groups with non comminuted extra-articular and partially articular fracture of the distal radius were included in this study. After randomization, thirty patients were treated with cast and thirty patients with percutaneous pins. For pin group below elbow volar slab was applied for three weeks. After three weeks, slab was removed and wrist physiotherapy started. Depending on radiological and clinical union, cast or pin was removed at around six to eight weeks. Follow-up was conducted at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic assessment was done at each visit, while functional scores were obtained at 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Outcomes at fixed time points were compared between two groups with standard statistical methods.RESULTS: Mean age group in pin and cast group was 27 and 42 years respectively. Other than age, both the groups were identical with respect to sex, side and dominance of hand. Overall Pin group had better functional and radiological outcome than cast group. Pin group also had better Satio grading (p 0.002) where 96.6% of cases had excellent to good result unlike cast group where only 76.7% of cases achieved these result. Complication rate also were higher in cast group especially radial collapse (p <0.001) and malunion (p 0.004).CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous pinning with immobilization in volar slab in neutral position for 3 weeks has better radiological and functional outcome than cast in the treatment of non comminuted extra-articular and partially articular distal radius fracture. Moreover percutaneous pinning is a simple and safe procedure.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, Page: 1-7


The objective is to design and developed a GUI software using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to ease students in performing position control system experiment, expose students on position control system theoretically and practically and to developed controller using software for position control system. The scope of the project is to apply direct digital control (DDC) in position control system. PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller will be use to control the output response. An interactive software will be developed to help the student to visualize and analyze the system. This project can be divided into two parts namely hardware and software. Hardware parts involve more in interfacing MS150 Modular servo System and Data Acquisition System with a personal computer. While the software part include programming real-time software using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. In the earlier stage, literature review and experiment are performed manually to understand the concept of the controller. An interactive software will be designed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. The software will be equipped with a set of graphic instructions to ease any mistake when performing experiment. Finally, the software will be integrated with hardware to produce a GUI position control system.


A hologram recording and reproducing apparatus of the hologram recording medium that stores therein the optical interference fringes as a diffraction grating by coherent reference light and signal light, and is connected to the spatial light modulator, the reference light in accordance with information data as modulation to generate a signal light, a control circuit for controlling each pixel, the control circuit includes a plurality of pixels of the spatial light modulator, disposed on the optical axis a central modulation region around at least one spatially divided into an annular modulation region, central modulation region and to control the pixels in mutually different recording modulation method for each annular modulation region, the signal light respectively central modulation region disposed in this order concentrically and propagating each annular modulation region.