cessors. History, therefore, is made from both above and below. Humans are shaped by circumstances but those circumstances in turn have been shaped by other humans. Szomptka draws heavily from Antonio Gramsci and Georg Lukacs and develops a sort of marxist pragmatic theory of society. But, he does not turn SB into a Marx like theory and instead suggests that "activist Marxism" was a precursor to SB. Sztompka's theory of SB rests on five ontological assumptions that he explicates at length: structuralism, creativism, processsualism, possibilism and reflexiveness. Social reality is presented as bi-level and made up of individual people or as members of collectives on the one hand, and of totalities or abstractions, such as cultures or civilizations, on the other. Sztompka proposes a unified theory of individual and society that lays claim to the area between traditionally conceived levels of totalities and individuals. "Social wholes and human individuals in isolation have only a virtual existence, their separation and mutual opposition are the product of false, distorted imagination, common-sense illusions and theoretical as well as meta-theoretical fallacies." The importance of history in the scope of SB theory is likewise vital: "No social entities (whether wholes or individuals) exist in a timeless void; they are always located in the temporal context, as moments, episodes or phases in the continuous, sequential chain of a process." Sztompka defines the concept of "Becoming" as the continuous oscillation between what is possible and what actually occurs. SB seeks to restore responsibility for society and history to individuals, slightly reminiscent of, although Sztompka misses it, the old idea that great men make history. It's not a bad idea, it's just not so new or arcane as Sztompka makes it in this book. Although primarily aimed at sociologists, Society in Action will likely attract students and scholars in political science, international relations theory, history and economics who are looking for an alternative to systems theory. The non-academic reader, indeed any reader who does not want to get lost in meta-theoretical discussions, had best look elsewhere to understand the dynamics of social change in eastern Europe.


Androgen deprivation therapy with gonadal testosterone depletion is the frontline treatment for advanced prostate cancer. In theory, however, combined androgen blockade (CAB) with an antiandrogen plus castration should be more effective because castration alone does not completely eliminate androgens in the prostate. Therefore, a number of randomized clinical trials were conducted in the 1990s to investigate the efficacy of CAB with an antiandrogen (nilutamide or flutamide) plus castration. However, several debates about the efficacy of CAB, the lack of data on safety, quality of life and cost-effectiveness has been a hindrance to the adoption of CAB for the treatment of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, discussion on CAB for the treatment of prostate cancer has continued for over 20 years. In the 2000s, commencing of bicalutamide has made slightly different situation in CAB. In this article, we discuss the feasibility of CAB for the treatment of prostate cancer by reviewing the theoretical background and the results of clinical trials of CAB.


This book is a well-articulated collection of essays on chance, written jointly by Persi Diaconis, an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician who is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University, and Brian Skyrms, an American professor of logic and philosophy of science. As a warning, let me point out that I was a reviewer of this book for PUP, which means this review was adapted from the report I sent to the publisher. The historical introduction ("measurement") of this book is most interesting, especially its analogy of chance with length. I would have appreciated a connection earlier than Cardano, such as some of the Greek philosophers, even though I gladly discovered that Cardano was not responsible only for the closed form solutions to the third-degree equation. I would also have liked to see more comments on the vexing issue of equiprobability: We all spend (if not waste) hours in the classroom explaining to (or arguing with) students why their solution is not correct, and they sometimes never get it! (We sometimes get it wrong as well.) Why is such a simple concept so hard to explain or express? In short, although this is nothing but a personal choice, I would have made the chapter more conceptual and less chronologically historical.


Researches using species of Nicotiana tabacum L. Virginia type: Virginia 180 and Virginia 196 showed the following variation of nicotine content in the organs of these plants. Nicotine content in the roots varied during vegetation period between 0.55% and 0.86% for Virginia 180 cultivar and between 0.50 and 0.86 for Virginia 196. In the stem it was determined a few increased concentration of nicotine, varying between 0.21% and 2.53% for Virginia 180 cultivar and between 0.55 and 1.16 for Virginia 196 cultivar. Leaves, representing the depositing organs for these substances, contained between 2.92% and 4.80% nicotine. The medium value of the nicotine content from leaves, determined during vegetation period, presented small differences for the two cultivars: 3.73% for Virginia 180 cultivar and 4.10 for Virginia 196. The nicotine content from flowers was rather low and varied between 1.55 and 2.55%.


Transketolase of pork liver has been purified 90-fold and separated from ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase. The transketolase is most stable between pH 7.5 and 8.5 and below 40 °C. The pH range for optimum activity is between 7.6 and 8.1. Activation by magnesium ions or thiamine pyrophosphate could not be demonstrated, but thiamine pyrophosphate increased the stability of the enzyme. Sulphydryl agents, such as p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide, and heavy metal ions, such as cupric, mercuric, and zinc, at relatively high concentrations inhibited the enzyme.


For the practical use of radicidation, we studied on the effects of γ-ray and electron beam on functional properties of beet red colorant, natural colors with low heat stability and high possibility of microbe contamination.Neither γ-ray or electron beam had any significant influence on color contents and color tone of red beet products at less than 10 kGy of irradiation for the practical use. Influence of moisture content at level of less than 20% in powdered product was not observed.The results suggest that both γ-ray and electron beam irradiation is significantly effective in decontamination of powdered beet red products.


With the acceleration of urbanization,various resources and productive elements concentrated in cities rapidly,which will bring about changes to demographics,industrial structure and urban land utilization etc. However,rapid urbanization also causes a lot of problems,such as environment deterioration,traffic congestion and population dilatation,to the sustainable development of urban economy and society. Starting with illustrating the basic concepts of urban crisis,urban risk and urban disease etc.,this paper introduces the classification and characteristic of urban risk. Then,the city is defined as a complex thermodynamic system in section 2.Through analyzing the logical relationship of urban pressure,temperature and capacity,the formation and evolution mechanism of urban risk is proposed. Besides,using the dissipative structure theory,this paper builds the dissipative structures model of urban system,which can be used to analyze the formation and evolution mechanism of urban risk.


The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) needs a poster child like Big Bird to help it gather public support for more funding. The federal budget for the coming fiscal year (FY 2006) contains the same allocation for AHRQ as last year ($319 million), and within that, funding for AHRQ's investigator-initiated research is zero. We researchers and consumers of research findings should organize to get AHRQ more funds for this critically needed research. For the past two years (FY 2004 and FY 2005), the budget allocations for investigator-initiated awards (known as RO1 grants) were essentially zero. In FY 2004, AHRQ was able to pull together approximately $1 million for RO1 grants, and it hopes to fund between $1 and $2 million in such grants in FY 2005. But these monies are infinitesimal drops in the bucket compared to the $1.7 trillion spent on health care in 2003 (most recent number available) and the estimated growth rate of 8% between 2003 and 2004. Given that health care expenditures now account for more than 15% of our gross domestic product and that at least 45 million people are without health insurance, it is inconceivable that the federal budget does not contain funds for researcherinitiated projects that might address and reduce these problems. As a nation, we need to fund projects that are proposed by researchers and judged by peer reviewers to be of high merit and likely to yield results relevant to health policies. If we do not, we risk the possibility that research will be limited to politically correct projects, according to whichever political party controls the White House, or funded by companies with their own research agenda. A process that relies on researcherinitiated projects is essential for maintaining creativity on a wide variety of topics that are within the scope of AHRQ.


Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is opportunistic dimorphic fungal pathogen. It grows as mycelium in the soil in nature and transforms into yeast form upon inhalation of its microconidia or hyphal fragments into lungs, residing within alveolar macrophages as intracellular pathogen. Clearance of Hc infection needs the development of Th1 immune response and IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells. Mice depleted IFN-γ or MHC class II gene knockout mice fail to clear fungus and succumb to sublethal dose of Hc infection. B cell has been proved to play a mild role in Hc primary and secondary infection, although it can be activated by IFN-γ and underwent isotype switch, producing immunoglobulin G after infection. There is no report that addressed the question that whether the existence of B cells reduces the availability of IFN-γ. I used ENU-mutagenized mice P-235, which are characterized by low MHC class II expression and fewer B cell counts, to investigate the balance between IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells and IFN-γ comsumption by B cells. My results showed that despite of fewer IFN-γ-producing T cells, the fungal clearances in P-235 mice are as effecicient as in WT mice after primary and secondary Hc infection, since the absence of B cells resulted in higher IFN-γ levels in different tissues of P-235 mice than WT mice. It indicated that B cells consumed IFN-γ produced by T cells and affected host resistence to Hc infection. Moreover, this effect is uncovered only in P-235 mice, because IFN-γ produced by activated T cells in WT mice is enough to clear Hc infection. It has been reported that galectin-3 regulated proinflammatory responses and Th1 immune response in Toxplasma gondii, Rhodococcus equi, and Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Moreover, recent research indicated that IL-17-producing cells contributed to inflammation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans infection. It remains to be elucidated that whether the regulation of immune responses by galectin-3 is through IL-17 production, and whether the bias of immune responses in galectin-3 knockout mice affects fungal clearance after Hc infection. Using the mouse model of systemic histoplasmosis characterized by a strong Th1 response, I demonstrated that the fungal load in galectin-3 knockout mice was lower than in WT mice, and the increased IL-17 production by CD4 T cells and neutrophils in galectin-3 knockout mice contributed to this result. Based on these results, I can investigate how galectin-3 regulates IFN-g and IL-17 productions further.


The desire for a much larger space telescope than HST by astronomers is clearly demonstrated by the attendance at this Workshop. The reality is that a much larger space telescope than the HST collides with cost scaling reality. Coupled with this reality is the fact that any multi-billion dollar science project must have broad-based support from the science community and solid political support at both Presidential and Congressional levels. The HST successor is certainly in the same multi-billion dollar class as the Super Collider of the physics community, a project that has finally achieved the broad support base necessary for funding to follow. Advocacy of a bigger HST on the general grounds that 'bigger is better' will not be sufficient. A new concept needs to be developed that clearly diverges from scaling up of a traditional HST-type space telescope. With these realities in mind we have a few comments regarding the nature of a possible space telescope that may depart from what the organizers of this Workshop had in mind. The national goal declared by the President is Space Station, the Moon and Mars, in that order. Space Station is a potential location where a large system could be assembled prior to being sent into a high orbit. It is not a desirable environment for a large space telescope. Mars is not relevant as an observatory site. The Moon is very relevant for reasons we will address. Our comments are based on the premise of a permanent Lunar Outpost. One of the main arguments for a lunar telescope is a degree of permanency, that is, as long as a Lunar Outpost is maintained. In contrast, the relatively short lifetime of an orbiting telescope is a disadvantage, especially as a cost penalty. Access to a telescope in a 100,000 km orbit for refurbishment and resupply is a major problem with no solution in the present NASA planning. A telescope in conjunction with a Lunar Outpost means the possibility for continual upgrading or modifying the telescope to meet changing science objectives. The two main technical disadvantages of the Moon are: 1) its gravity field; and 2) direct Sun and Earth light. The gravity term is manageable. It also appears to be feasible to shield the telescope from direct sun and Earth light and from scattering from nearby lunar terrain. Thermal disturbances to the telescope also appear to be manageable by proper shielding, enabling the telescope to become as cold as if it were at a lunar pole crater. If these conditions are met, the telescope could be at a logistically convenient location near the Lunar Outpost. We want to address a concept that is significantly different from those presented in the preliminary communications from Garth Illingworth in order to help fill in the matrix of possibilities. This option, moreover, is of special interest to JPL and could be an area where JPL can contribute in future studies.


The aim of this study is to analyze the peer and self-assessments of higher education students' oral presentation skills with the many-facet Rasch measurement model and to determine students' opinions on peer and self-assessment. In the study, convergent parallel method, one of the mixed-method research approaches, was used. The study group consisted of 11 university students studying at a state university in the 2022-2023 academic year. The FACETS program was used to analyze the data. The three facets identified in the study were the assessee (11 students), the assessor (11 students) and the items (16 items). Therefore, 11 participants scored (peer and self-assessment) on a 16-item assessment form. In addition, students' opinions on peer and self-assessment were obtained through three open-ended interview questions prepared by the researcher. According to the results of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the students in terms of their oral presentation skills, between the assessors in terms of their strictness/generosity in scoring, and between the criteria (items) in terms of the level of difficulty in realization. In addition, the participant opinions obtained from each interview question were analyzed through themes and sub-themes formed according to the general thoughts on peer and self-assessment, experiences, and whether the participants considered themselves as a reliable rater or not. In terms of practice, it can be suggested to provide detailed and enlightening information to students before peer and/or self-assessment in the classroom environment, and to give quick feedback to those who have not done the assessment appropriately. In addition, the reasons for the biases identified in peer and self-assessments in the current study can be investigated in future studies.


It is shown that Darboux transformations can be used to find explicit solutions of deformed equations which have recently been found through the inverse method with a variable spectral parameter. The author constructs in particular the soliton solution of the deformed Maxwell-Bloch equations, and analyses its asymptotic behaviour.


In this paper the authors describe how Deutsche Bahn (German Railways) has been operating public suburban railroad coaches with modern passenger information and how this information provision has contributed to public acceptance of rail passenger service.


A new class of pyrazolo[5,1- a ]isoquinolines, pyrazolo[5,1- f ][1,6]naphthyridines, pyrazolo[5,1- a ][2,6]naphthyridines, pyrazolo[5,1-a][2,7]naphthyridines and pyrazolo[1,5- h ][1,7]naphthyridines were designed as bioisosteres of pyrazolo[1,5- c ]quinazolines, described as potent inhibitors of PDE10A enzyme. In fact, bioisosteric modifications of the tricyclic core of the above known molecules might offer new templates that could provide optimized interactions with the PDE10A enzyme and desiderable pharmacokinetic properties. This work allowed to synthesize a small library of compounds incorporating a bi-substituted tricyclic pyrazole-based platform. A reproducible and efficient one-pot synthesis was achieved for the above-mentioned compounds.


Analyzing the trend of land degradation changes and its cause and consequence in the mountain ecosystem is a matter of concern for sustainable development. It's important to know that only 10% of the world's population in rural areas depends directly on natural resources for their livelihood and 40% depends indirectly, i.e. water, biodiversity, and ecosystem. This study focuses on the assessment of land degradation changes in mountain areas of Tashkent province using GIS techniques. The study area is located lowland in the western part of the Tian Shan mountains. The results show that overgrazing significantly affects the mountain ecosystem, which decreased up to 29 thousand ha of pasture land over ten years between 1989-1998. However, changes during 2008-2018 show a significant rise in the pasture area, ending with 45 thousand ha of land. In conclusion, during last decades in Uzbekistan rehabilitation achievements be due to (i) complex measures taken by government and ecologists, who clearly recognized that if the previous scenario will continue, the ecosystem of high altitude areas could be irreversibly damaged; (ii) cutting trees from a forest which leads to decrease forest area and increase pasture area.


Synopsis Often, as environmental endocrinologists, we observe animals in nature with the goal of describing their normal endocrinology. However, the contamination of virtually all natural habitats by chemicals of anthropogenic origins (e.g., PCBs, organochlorines, phytoestrogens, alkyphenols, heavy metals) that might alter endocrine conditions suggests we need to reevaluate many of our field studies with respect to points of reference or controls. The impaired response of the stress axis of feral brown trout, Salmo trutta, correlated with chronic exposure to heavy metals is examined as a case in point although the problems extend to other hypothalamic axes as well. Our studies emphasize that measurement of one static endocrine parameter to assess the health of any hypothalamus-pituitary axis (e.g., plasma cortisol levels to indicate stress) should not be used as a biomarker for field studies.


Results of laboratory soil suspension experiments with two soils differing in organic C content (1.1 and 4.2%) and texture (14.6 – 61.0 – 24.4% and 67.5 – 20.0 -12.5% for sand – silt – clay, respectively) showed that intensive microbial growth after the addition of a sucrose nutrient medium (SNMed) caused partial transformation of the solid phase Cd to forms soluble in 0.1 M NaOH. The transformation of Cd was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the solid phase Cd extractability by a solvent consisting of 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl 2 + 0.1 M triethanolamine (DTPA). These changes of the solid phase Cd extractability were probably caused by Cd binding to microbial biomass and microbial metabolism products. After the addition of SNMed, a concomitant phenomenon of an increase of Cd DTPA-extractability was observed, especially in the case of the course-textured soil with the higher organic C content. In a soil (not soil suspension) experiment, stimulation of microbial growth by SNMed addition caused different changes of Cd DTPA-extractability in the examined soils. In the fine-textured soil with the lower organic C content the process decreasing the solid phase Cd solubility in DTPA prevailed, but in the other soil, the opposite phenomenon predominated. The occurrence in nature of the phenomena observed under laboratory conditions is discussed.


Necessity of introduction proves in clause for the list of the basic results of vocational training of the teacher the self-control competence. The competence is defined concepts «The self-control competence of the teacher». The type is defined, the structure and the mainten ance is described the self-control competence of the teacher is described.


This paper presents a brief introduction to the architecture of wireless sensor network(WSN),makes the research on the close techniques for the work efficiency of WSN,and analyzes problems of the technique of energy conservation in work efficiency,the connectedness of network,and node locating.The paper also elaborates solutions to these problems and proposes a few suggestions for further studies.


Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition, sharing a symptom spectrum with some other viral diseases which can sometimes mask the diagnosis of the syndrome. It is important to keep a low threshold of the possibility of the syndrome, especially in someone who develops features of systemic upset after a sore throat. If undiagnosed and left untreated the syndrome can be fatal and can have severe multiorgan complications requiring various forms of medical and surgical interventions. We present the case of Lemierre's syndrome in a 32-year-old man who was successfully treated during an inpatient stay involving intensive care unit, followed by a community-based course of antimicrobial therapy for several weeks.


The establishment of the Polish Center of Syndonology in Krakow in2017, which is the delegation of the International Center of Syndonology inTurin, inspired the author to reflect on the Polish research on the Shroudof Turin. The article presents three generations of Polish syndonologists: major investigators of the shroud from the second half of the twentiethcentury and co-founders of the Syndonological Study in Krakow, createdat the Polish Theological Society in 1981, and (3) the shroud researchers inthe 21st century cooperating with the Polish Center of Syndonology. Theirmain research and educational achievements as well as participation ininternational fora were pointed out. The article is supplemented by Polishsyndonological bibliography.


Management has both a moral and a legal duty to ensure the health and safety of all its employees and others present in the company's premises. These commitments should not be regarded purely as yet another burden added to the load of management, for good health and safety policies sensibly applied can significantly improve labour relations, reduce absenteeism and enhance productivity. Management also has a responsibility for the health and safety aspects of the company's products and for the safe disposal of unwanted by‐products of production. In order to cope adequately with the health and safety facets of its responsibilities management needs to be able to call on a very wide range of expertise; only the largest companies can hope to have sufficient expertise in‐house.


A brief introductory review is presented of the etiology of affective disorders, the neuropsychopharma-cological modalities used in treating these states, and the mechanisms by which these therapies act. The topological and topographical requisites for effective neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs (the major tranquillizers) are outlined. Quantum chemical results, both CNDO/2 and INDO, are presented for promazine, perazine, and their CI and CF3 derivatives. Application of the topographical postulates led us to perform quantum chemical calculations on a series of hitherto unsynthesized and untested compounds, N-piperdinopromazines. We predicted these would be effective neuroleptics. In the interim a compound of this type was synthesized and tested and it is, indeed, a major tranquillizer. The subtle differences in geometrical conformation between tricyclic neuroleptics (which are postsynaptic dopamine blockers) and the closely related tricyclic antidepressants (which inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin back into the the presynapse) are indicated.

In the area of hallucinogens or psychotomimetic agents, it is emphasized that even though compounds like LSD and mescaline exhibit cross tolerance, they apparently do not act by the same mechanism. Thus the commonalities in structures between these two groups previously invoked by other authors merit reexamination and a sharpening of focus. Quantum chemical results, CNDO/2 and PCILO, are presented for a few of these compounds whose crystal structures have been determined recently. Our interest in these psychotomimetics was twofold; first, because of their intrinsic interest in the hierarchy of psychotropic drugs and second, to gain insight into why many narcotic antagonists are undesirably psychotomimetic.


ABSTRACT A lytic bacteriophage, which was previously isolated from sewage and which attaches to the K1 capsular antigen, has been used to prevent septicemia and a meningitis-like infection in chickens caused by a K1+ bacteremic strain of Escherichia coli. Protection was obtained even when administration of the phage was delayed until signs of disease appeared. The phage was able to multiply in the blood. In newly borne colostrum-deprived calves given theE. coli orally, intramuscular inoculation of phage delayed appearance of the bacterium in the blood and lengthened life span. With some provisos there is considerable potential for this approach to bacterial-disease therapy.


Many embedded applications strive for high performance and power efficiency but rely on latency-intensive floating-point operations. This expensiveness can be offset, for example, by approximate and mixed-precision floating-point computation. In this paper, we present a novel concept called anytime instructions. Anytime instructions explicitly specify the number of result bits that are calculated at full precision. After presenting the basics of anytime instructions, we apply this novel concept to floating-point division by presenting an anytime division functional unit that is implemented in a VLIW processor. In this setup, we show the effectiveness of anytime instructions in iterative computations. We show a latency improvement of 54.8 % for computing 53 iterations of the Babylonian method for square-root calculation while not sacrificing the accuracy of the final square-root result.


The present study evaluates the central and peripheral analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Cananga Odorata Lam (EECO) in experimental animals.Acute toxicity test was done following OECD guidelines. EECO (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg b.w. p.o) was evaluated for central and peripheral analgesic activity by the Tail flick method in wistar rats and 0.7%acetic acid induced Writhing test in Swiss albino mice respectively. Aspirin was used as the standard drug in the dose of 300 mg/kg b.w. in tail flick method and 100 mg/kg b.w. in acetic acid induced writhing test. EECO significantly increased the reaction time in tailflick method(p<0.01) at all the doses and decreased the number of writings in Writhing test (p<0.01) at all the doses.EECO has significant central and peripheral analgesic activity.


Faced with the crisis in Spain, campaigns have been carried out to curb malnutrition or child poverty in this country. Thus, all schools committed to this mission are gratefully acknowledged and the importance of social workers to achieve equity in education is recognized.


Due to their disproportionate contribution to organizational performance, star performers are increasingly important for the success of knowledge-based organizations. This study extends and tests i...


The present research have been realised with a population of 49 women, clients of the Public Health Units of Taboao da Serra City, whose Pap Smears results have been altered (considering from displasia to carcinoma). The services have been characterized and the data have been presented. The study shows the precarious frame between the reference services. In 81,6 % of the detected cases, the Public Health Units do not know the present situation of the clients concerning their treatments. Some of the problems related to the organization have been discussed and suggestions for transformation haveimplantation of an educational program.


Final repositories for spent nuclear fuel are approaching implementation. A prerequisite for these advancements is that it has been shown that the repository can be constructed and operated in practice in such a way that safety can be assured both during operation and over very long time scales. The success rests on decades of structured and objective-driven research and development. A key element of the research strategy has been to ensure adequate in-house competence and expertise. Also, openness and international cooperation are essential. Workable procedures for data qualification, version control as well as internal and external peer review have gained importance. When the programmes now enter a new phase of construction and operation new challenges will arise. Even if the implementing organisations would need to keep a core competence on post closure safety assessment international cooperation will be even more important on developing, sharing and managing the knowledge needed.


By examining Rembrandt's Homer Reciting Verses and other completed gift drawings, this study shows the origins of his late drawing style in established graphic traditions. The sheets in question demonstrate a fundamental principle underlying Rembrandt's work: that even completed drawings should reveal the process of creation. The rough, unornamented manner that he developed to express this axiom, although departing from most graphic conventions canonized in art literature, was nevertheless grounded in contemporary Dutch thought. Analogues discovered in rhetoric, preaching, and philosophy suggest that in its time Rembrandt's late drawing style was considered humble, spiritual, and truthful.


The methods allowing to extract the coherent component of pion emission conditioned by the formation of a quasi-classical pion source in heavy ion collisions are suggested. They exploit a nontrivial modification of the quantum statistical and final state interaction effects on the correlation functions of like and unlike pions in the presence of the coherent radiation. The extraction of the coherent pion spectrum from pi+pi-, pi+pi+ and pi-pi- correlation functions and single--pion spectra is discussed in detail for large expanding systems produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions.


In order to study the interaction between a polymer and plasticizers in a solid propellant and their underlying mechanisms, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with compass force fields were performed to investigate the Hydroxy Terminated PolyEther (HTPE) polymer and some energetic plasticizers including nitroglycerin (NG)/butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) mixture, bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal (BDNPA)/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPF) mixture and N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxy-ethyl)nitramine (Bu-NENA). Also, the mechanical properties for the HTPE polymer containing energetic plasticizers were theoretically and experimentally studied. It was shown that the HTPE polymer is miscible with all involved energetic plasticizers which can improve the mechanical property of the HTPE polymer. The order of binding energies between HTPE and the energetic plasticizers are found to be HTPE/Bu-NENA > HTPE/BDNPA/BDNPF > HTPE/NG/BTTN.


SummaryShoot meristems (0-2-0-5 mm) of the plum scion cv Victoria (Prunus domestica) and the plum rootstock cv Pixy (P. insititia) were micrografted in vitro onto rooted shoots of the peach rootstock GF305 (P. persica) produced by in vitro propagation. These procedures, which resulted in 40—50% successful grafts, are preliminaries to providing a more controlled system for research into rootstock influence on scion growth and development.


assertky will sort the data and assert that a given varlist is a key for the dataset -- that is, whether the values in the varlist uniquely identify observations. This can be convenient when you wish to simultaneously sort the data and test for whether varlist is a key, such as in preparation for a -merge- or certain -by- operations.


Transmission line is a typical wind-sensitive structure.The dynamic tension in transmission lines caused by wind-induced vibration is one of the key issues in wind resistant design of power transmission tower.Based on the existing mechanical model for dynamic tension and the stochastic vibration theory,the frequency domain solution of dynamic tension was developed.Introducing the common engineering design parameters,the expression was refined and simplified to a standard deviation response spectrum.Furthermore,a design equation for wind load on lines was set up.Taking a practical high-voltage transmission tower and lines as prototype,the design loads according to the suggested formula were compared with those in the IEC(International Electric Code) specification.The results show that the proposal load design formula can take comprehensive factors into account and is of concise and high accuracy properties.It can be used as reference to standard revision.


The HOX11 homeobox gene was originally identified at the recurrent t(10;14)(q24;q11) translocation breakpoint, a chromosomal abnormality observed in 5–7% of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs). Transgenic mice ectopically expressing HOX11 in the B cell compartment die in their second year of life due to the onset of mature B cell lymphomas. However, the long latency prior to the development of leukemia has led to the hypothesis that additional mutations are necessary prior to the onset of full-blown malignancy. To identify collaborating genetic loci responsible for HOX11-induced B cell lymphomagenesis, proviral insertional mutagenesis, using the mature B cell-specific retrovirus, the murine AIDS (mAIDS) virus, was used. In eight of ten animals, there was an acceleration of development of B cell lymphomas, manifested by the development of a mediastinal mass comprising predominantly of mature IgM + IgD + B cells. Histological analysis revealed expansion of splenic germinal centres and hyperplasia of adjacent lymph nodes, consistent with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Using the provirus as a molecular tag, we identified Ubr1 as a frequent site of proviral insertion. Three mice exhibited an insertion into the 10 th exon of the Ubr1 gene, with two animals exhibiting an identical insertion at nucleotide 1295 and another animal exhibiting an insertion at nucleotide 1251. Insertion into this genomic region was confirmed by Southern blotting demonstrating the presence of a rearranged Ubr1 allele, and by the ability to generate a PCR amplicon across the viral-genome junction. Western immunoblot analysis revealed down-regulated expression of the Ubr1 gene product subsequent to viral integration. Ubr1 is a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family and participates in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Among its numerous targets, Ubr1 controls the timely degradation of cohesin subunits during mitosis. Consequently, Ubr1 −/− S. cerevisiae are prone to chromosome loss due to chromosome malsegregation during anaphase. We sought to investigate possible similar effects in primary B lymphocyte cultures derived from HOX11 Tg / Ubr1 +/+ and HOX11 Tg / Ubr1 −/− mice, and to determine whether HOX11 overexpression in such a Ubr1 -null background possesses any synergizing effects on the ploidy of these cells. Direct counting of chromosome numbers from chromosome spreads prepared from HOX11 Tg / Ubr1 −/− primary B lymphocytes cultured in vitro for 4–5 days revealed increased incidences of aneuploidy and chromosome loss relative to HOX11 wt / Ubr1 −/− controls (2n=39.51 vs. 2n=39.98 ) . Similarly, micronucleus assays indicated increased presence of micronuclei in HOX11 Tg / Ubr1 −/− primary B lymphocyte cultures (5.2% vs 0.8%). Additionally, HOX11 Tg B lymphocytes exhibit increased cyclin B1 expression and an ability to bypass G2-M arrest induced by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Therefore, the effect of HOX11 in exacerbating chromosome loss in these cultures may be associated with its ability to allow cells to bypass the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint, permitting the accrual of additional chromosome losses and cytogenic abnormalities en route to malignancy.


The desert is a reality which continually recurs in the Bible, with particular reference to the forty years which the Israelites spent there, before reaching the promised land. It is a unique and marvellous experience, to which some sacred authors return with nostalgia, as the place of encounter with God, rich in graces and continual celestial favours. Others instead look upon its bitterness and consider it a place of trial and suffering, where one goes to be purified and to prepare oneself for the great events which God disposes for his people.


A numerical study of the flow of an electrically conductive fluid is carried out in a cell under the action of a constant magnetic field. Distribution of electromotive force is investigated as well as the topology of electric current in the cell. The evolutions of velocity field are studied for different parameters. Two large scale unstable eddies are generated in the cell. The characteristic of the flow oscillations are determined using the wavelet analysis. It was found that an increase of current does not lead to the appearance of additional oscillation modes. Asymmetric pressure distribution may appear in the cell. Particle movement are possible due to the asymmetric pressure field.


The utility model relates to an intelligent isolating switch on-line monitoring device, which comprises an isolating switch, a sensor, a signal acquisition device, a signal conversion processing device, an expert system and a man-machine interaction device, wherein the sensor connected with the isolating switch; the sensor is connected with the signal acquisition device; the signal acquisition device is connected with the signal conversion processing device; the signal conversion processing device is connected to the expert system to carry out signal post-processing; and the expert system is connected with the man-machine interaction device. The intelligent isolating switch on-line monitoring device provided by the utility model has simple and novel structure and has good effect.


Eight men are leaning on a fence in front of a tent at the railway staff camp at Nowa Nowa. They were working on the Bairnsdale- Orbost railway line, constructed from 1912 to 1916.


In this paper we present, for the first time, evidence of the metastable compound CrSe grown by MBE in the ZB crystal structure. Using a compound 6N CdSe source and 6N purity Cr we demonstrate the material can be grown with a growth rate of 0.06 As–1 in layers up to approximately 20 nm thick. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray reflection (XRR), RHEED and optical microscopy were used to examine the composition and morphology. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Over the past 10 years, considerable efforts have been done into the establishment of genome maps for several species. In cattle, international collaboration, european supported projects and national initiatives were the basis for the construction of genetic and physical maps of the bovine genome : more than 600 genes and 1500 microsatellite markers are mapped (BOVMAP: http: //locus. jouy. inra.fr). Therefore the selection of a panel of 200-300 well distributed informative markers is no more a challenge. Using these markers, several economic trait loci have been localized and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) can now be applied in breeding programs. However, the use of MAS is limited due to the risk of recombination between the markers and the gene and to their within family validity. Identification of the gene of interest and the causal mutation would represent a great benefit : the genotyping would be restricted to a single genetic test, the procedure could be transfered to other populations and such a test could serve as basis to start understanding the genetic determinism of the trait. In human genetics, four general strategies have been described for identifying genes of interest : these strategies are also widely used in animal genetics : 1) Functional cloning, 2) Position-independent candidate gene approaches, 3) Positional candidate gene approaches and 4) Positional cloning.


A reservoir sedimentological description is fundamental for any enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project. A data compilation regarding parameters such as sweep efficiency, recovery factor and flooding performance has been carried out for sand bodies related to a sedimentary environment that constitute a set of facies association where rock bodies are deposited with specific characteristics of porosity, permeability and pore throat size with different responses of efficiency and recovery. Such environments as fluvial where straight, braided and meandering channels and crevasse splays are the main reservoirs, deltaic environment with distributary channels and mouth bars, tidal environment with tidal channels, bars, and coastal marine environment with barrier bars and strandplain deposits, have different heterogeneities, permeability performances and responses to fluid injection. Flow units determinations for these environments are crucial for any completion well modeling in any EOR project. Some world and Venezuelan examples show the result of EOR projects on different types of environments where completion methods are discussed. Some recommendations are given about reservoir heterogeneities description in order to characterize reservoir at macro, meso and microscopic scales such as mapping, lithology, sedimentary structures, ichnology, permeability barriers (areal and vertical shale distribution, bed contacts), texture (grain size, sorting, pore throat, clay pore distribution), capillary pressure, and relative permeability. Introduction Maybe most of the facts said in this paper look like repetitive; however it seems to be forgotten for many reservoir geologists and engineers. Since the sixties, vertical permeability distributions have been described by reservoir engineers as different permeability layers trying to explain well production performances (Fig. 1). In the seventies geological heterogeneities were described and tried to be put into a numerical simulator. In the eighties and nineties the unit flow concept and its relationship with pore throat and sedimentary environment arrived giving a different approach to the well production performance. In this paper some cases are showed in order to bring back discussions on flow units and their vertical distribution for each sedimentary environment. Concept reviews Facies are a set of lithological and palaentological characteristics that define a stratigraphic unit allowing a differentiation from others. Lithofacies are facies defined by lithological characteristics. Biofacies are a kind of facies defined by biological characteristics. Therefore, facies maps constitute the main tool in developing reservoirs and planning enhanced oil recovery projects. The Unit flow Concept. ¿WHAT IS A FLOW UNIT? "A unit flow is: the total volume of a reservoir rock where geological and petrophysical properties determine internally the fluid flow performance". A unit flow is defined by the geological attributes as: texture, mineralogy, sedimentary structures, bedding contacts, nature of permeability barriers, and petrophysical properties as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and pore throat (Amaefule, 1993). Flow unit is controlled by: Pore geometry". This at the same time is a function of: Mineralogy (type, amount, morphology, and location regarding the pore throat) and Texture (size and grain shape, sorting). Figure 1. Irregular water encroachment and early water breakthrough in high permeability layers of reservoir rock (After Clark, 1969). When a flow unit has a larger pore throat, the flow fluid will be larger as well and high oil production will flow. This flow unit becomes a preferential permeability channel (Fig. 2) and when a water injection project is being carried out, water will flow through this channel and wells will produce high water ratios (Fig. 3). In this case oil will be left behind in the flow units of less pore throat, permeability and porosity characteristics.


In a wide scientific literature about energy-efficiency based MAC protocol for WSNs, the channel fading is limited to pathloss effects or its combination with small scale fading. In this paper, we consider the K distribution to model simultaneously large scale fading such as pathloss and shadowing, and small scale fading such as multipath fading. Moreover, we propose a new MAC protocol based on opportunistic Hybrid Amplify-Decode and Forward (HADF) single-relay cooperative scheme. The best relay is selected in a distributed manner with the maxmin SNR criteria of the two relaying hops by using RTS/CTS packet exchange. This approach reduces the energy consumption and guarantees a required Quality of service (QoS). We derive the analytical expressions of the Average Symbol Error Probability (ASEP) and the outage probability. Simulation results match theoretical results and show clearly the improvement of the HADF protocol and its impact on energy gain in a shadowed multipaths channels.


Occurrence and control of 2 main kinds of pests, Lasioderma Serricorne (Fabricius) and Ephestia elutella (Hubner), during tobacco storage were introduced. Control methods were as follows: 1) enhancing management of tobacco storage; 2) killing pests at high or low temperature; 3) applying chemicals; 4) using tobacco leaf protectants; and 5) monitoring dynamics of pests.


A cap comprises a cap body (2) fitted and secured to the mouth of a container, an upper closure (3) provided in the cap body, and a ring-like member (4) which covers the outer surface of a skirt portion (6) of the cap body (2). The ring-like member (4) and the skirt portion (6) are coupled together through breakable bridge portions (17). These two members are separated away from each other via cut surfaces (19) but are intimately contacted to each other at the cut surfaces (19). The cap can be easily removed by hand from the mouth of the container, and can be separated from the container at the time of disposal.


In F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story "Babylon Revisited," Charlie Wales re-enters a Paris that is complex, multiple—Parises not Paris. He moves between memories of the expat party city of the 1920s...


The emergence of the term 'curation' was related with the changes in art history. Besides, the role of the curator was not limited to preserving the art works of the art museum, selecting works of art and holding exhibitions, but also included some emerging cultural fields of thought and avant-garde ideas in contemporary society. Specifically, the purpose of this article is to analyze how the curator adapts the semiotic approach to explain cultural phenomena and to accurately grasp the exhibition theme. This mainly shows the possibility that Curation could be a way of cultural inquiry to explore the current cultural phenomenon.


This study aimed to identify the level of School-Based Management (PBS) for leading effective schools in West Sumatra, Indonesia. In addition, the study also aims to examine the relationship between the practice of PBS with the school and contribute effectively towards the PBS for effective schools in West Sumatra. This is a survey using a questionnaire as a research tool. The total sample of 46 school principals , deputy principals and 138 teachers 322. The results showed the level of PBS, overall very high level (mean = 4.33) by administrators and high level (mean = 4.28) by teachers. While the level of school effectiveness is high (mean = 4.29) by the administrator and a very high level (mean = 4.31) according to the teacher. The study also showed a significant relationship between positive moderate elements PBS in terms of empowerment, participatory decision process and parental involvement with the school effectively and significantly positive relationship between the low-level of autonomy with effective schools. The study also found that the elements of PBS in terms of empowerment, participatory decision process and the involvement of parents contribute to the effectiveness of the school, while the PBS element in terms of autonomy does not give an influence on the effectiveness of the school. Research findings showed that the autonomy of the PBS as an important element of school autonomy has not applied the maximum by the school. Therefore, the power of Urban and Rural should give full autonomy to the schools and school places as part of a unit of Urban and Rural bureaucracy.


The article examines the process of forming an international marketing strategy and its determinants, describes the relationship between the phases of international marketing development and the level of application of an international marketing strategy. Based on this analysis, a set of elements of the company's international marketing strategy was developed, the application of which should contribute to ensuring a systematic approach to its planning, implementation and control. A structural and logical scheme of strategic decision-making regarding the selection of foreign markets and segments is proposed, and the factors that determine the geographical diversification of the enterprise are analyzed. PJSC "Concern Khlibprom" is one of the largest enterprises of the Ukrainian bread market, which daily produces up to 160 tons of products - bread, bakery, confectionery and dough semi-finished products. The Company's structure includes 5 processing enterprises located in Lviv and Vinnytsia regions. The analysis of segments and the search for the target market should be based on the following criteria: market capacity, availability of sales channels, trends of growth or decrease in the size of the segment, profitability of activities per segment, chances of success in competition. In 2023, PJSC "Concern Hlibprom" is proposed to conduct a wide advertising campaign. The presented advertising objects are new types of products of PJSC "Concern Hlibprom" (croissants, toaster bread for breakfast).


Interrogation of multiplexed arrays of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is generally limited on several fronts, for example, the number of sensors in an array can be restricted by the bandwidth of illuminating source, and simultaneous interrogation of all of the sensors in an array can be limited depending on the technology adopted. Interferometric interrogation overcomes the simultaneous interrogation problem through the Fellgett advantage, but conventional interferometric systems cannot easily interrogate multiple arrays. The work described in this paper implements an interferometric interrogation scheme for fiber optic sensors based on the filtering of a high coherence interferogram from a low coherence interference pattern generated by a scan of an optical path difference in a two beam interferometer illuminated with a broadband source. This filtering technique can address multiple arrays of FBG sensors in a single scan while simultaneously addressing all of the sensors in the individual arrays. Experimental data yielded a system resolution of ∼9.03pm/0C and ∼9.23pm/0C for two gratings for short delay scans of ∼13mm.


Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in high power, narrow linewidth and all polarization-maintained amplifiers with near diffraction limited (NDL) beam quality by rectangular optical spectrum is demonstrated. Rectangular spectrum is generated by using cascaded phase modulations. In the preliminary experiment, output power of 509 W with spectral linewidth of ~ 3 GHz is obtained. At maximal output power, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) is measured to be ~ 14 dB and the beam quality (M2 factor) is M2 ~1.2. The technique presented give useful reference to control the spectral linewidth in high brightness fiber amplifiers. By combining with other linewidth controlling techniques, several kilowatt-level output power with spectral linewidth of < 10 GHz could be expected.


Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is often used for placement of long-term feeding tubes. Local infectious complications, such as stomal infections, have led clinicians to use prophylactic antibiotics, but this practice is controversial. To shed more light on the matter, …


Endomicroscope is a laser scanning microscope extremely miniaturized with micromachining technology. In vivo imaging of the cell nuclei and membrane without staining has been achieved with human oral mucosa using 3.4mm diameter flexible probe.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PORTABLE RECORDING EQUIPMENT DIESEL ENGINES INJECTORS. THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A 10 BODY IN LIGHT METAL SUCH AS ALUMINUM OR MAGNESIUM, WHICH ALLOWS HIM TO BE USED FOR REPAIRS ROAD. CYLINDER 12 PUMP IN WHICH CAN SLIDE PISTON 13, IS MADE IN THE BODY OF THE UNIT AND INNER SURFACE IS anodized. INCLUDES THE PISTON SEAL PLASTIC 22 SCOPE. DEPANNAGES ROAD DIESEL VEHICLES, ETC .


The present invention is directed to a method of fabricating heat exchanger tubes in which twisted tapes are utilized for promoting turbulence and heat transfer. The method of the present invention provides for the brazing of the tapes to the inner walls of the tubes for enhancing heat transfer between the fluid within the conduit and a fluid medium outside of the conduit by conduction through the tape. The braze joint of the present invention is coextensive with the tape over the entire length thereof within the conduit. The practice of the present invention is achieved by placing a filler wire of brazing metal along the tape at a location removed from the side walls and then heating the conduit and tape sufficiently to effect the displacement of the filler metal by wicking to the contact point between the tape and the conduit wall to form a braze joint coextensive with the length of the tape within the conduit. This arrangement provides maximum heat transfer and assures that the tape is in contact with the conduit over the entire common length thereof.


This is a brief review is made on preparation of bioceramic coatings on titanium and/or titanium alloys by cathodic electrodeposition.Some technical parameters are discussed,such as temperature,deposition time,pH of the electrolyte,current density as well as cathodic potential.Ideas are given on the future research.


The aim of this research was to find out whether meaningful
drilling activities can improve students' pronunciation skill.
This research was conducted in the first grade of SMA Negeri
1 Boyolali in academic year 2012/2013 from 9th – 25th May 2013. This
research was done to improve the students' pronunciation skill. In this
case, the researcher applied a new technique which was meaningful
drilling. The subjects of this study were X.2 class with 32 students.
This research was a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The
researcher worked with the English teacher as the collaborative
teacher.
The data of this research were collected through observation,
interview, speaking test (pre-test and post-test), field note and
documentation. The writer employed qualitative and quantitative
analysis to process the data. The qualitative data were based on the
observation of students' activities in the classroom and the interview,
while the quantitative data were taken from the speaking test.
The result of the data analysis showed that the use of
meaningful drilling activity could improve the students' pronunciation
skill. The result of the students' pronunciation skill was as follows: the
mean of pre test was 66.81, the mean of post test in cycle 1 was 75.03,
and the mean of the post test in cycle 2 was 82.47. Then, it was
supported by the observation and interview result which showed that
the students gave positive responses to the implementation of the
meaningful drilling and they enjoyed joining the teaching learning
process. Consequently, meaningful drilling method as an activity in
pronunciation class can improve the students' pronunciation skill and
the class climate.


Objective:Topresentnewconceptsondiagnosisandtreatment ofbacterialmeningitisregardingetiologicagents,pathophysiology and options about antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and supportive therapy. Methods: Bibliographic review from MEDLINE data including articles published during the last ten years. One classic article publishedbeforethisperiodandchaptersoftextbooksoninfectious diseases were also included. Results:Initialempiricalantibiotictherapyischosenaccording to probable etiologic agents for the age group. In the CSF microbiological analysis, the gram stains can reveal bacteria in 50% to 80% of the cases and the culture in nearly 85%. The tests for detection of bacterial antigens are useful for the diagnosis but they present low sensitivity. The most common agents during the neonatal period continue to be E. coli, Streptococcus B and L. monocytogenes.Beyondthisperiod,theincidenceofmeningitisby Haemophilus influenzae b had a significant decrease after the


This is a guide for print and online government resources covering the Civil War and available via Milner Library, at Illinois State University.


As a new extended form of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fermatean fuzzy sets are powerful tools for describing vagueness and uncertainty in complex problems. In the method of handling Fermatean fuzzy information, the distance measure is an essential tool to depict the difference between two Fermatean fuzzy sets. However, how to accurately measure the distance between two Fermatean fuzzy sets is still a problem to be solved. In this paper, we devise two novel distance measure methods for Fermatean fuzzy sets. One is the distance measure of Fermatean fuzzy sets based on the Hellinger distance, which is called the FFSH distance. The other is the distance measure of Fermatean fuzzy sets based on the triangular divergence, which is called the FFSTD distance. Then, we prove that the proposed distance measure methods satisfy the axiomatic requirements of the distance function. Afterward, numerical examples are given to reveal that the proposed distance measures are more effective and reasonable than the normalized Euclidean distance measure, which can overcome the counter‐intuitive situation. Besides, we utilize the proposed distance measure methods to address the problems of pattern recognition and medical diagnosis under Fermatean fuzzy environment and achieved excellent results. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed distance measure methods can efficiently handle the practical application under Fermatean fuzzy environment, and are more reliable than the normalized Euclidean distance measure.


A recent series of accidents and incidents at the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) have raised concerns about the Authority's commitment to safety as its top priority. In January 1996, a train operator was killed at an end-of-the line station when his train slid on icy tracks into parked railcars. There have also been incidents of tower supervisors misdirecting trains in yards, including an incident in which a supervisor directed a train to pass a red (stop) signal. In April 1996, WMATA disconnected the operating mechanisms for the mid-car emergency doors on approximately 100 rail cars without removing cars from service. Later that month, two workers were injured when their tools made contact with a live electrical cable that should have been deactivated while tracks were being repaired. On May 10, a delayed response to a fire put both firefighters and passengers at risk. This document presents a review of safety and operational issues that have affected safety performance at the Authority and presents 31 findings, many of which have been the subject of prior internal and external reviews. Recent actions to improve safety practices are also identified.


According to the aero-engines' flight hours and the speed cycle number, we can obtain the relationship between the load spectrum and the life of its main components; According to the analysis of actual measured load spectrum and the fatigue damage model, this paper adopts the S-N curve and Miner's rule to estimate the fatigue life of engine's first stage turbine disk.


Video captures the nuances and dynamics of human behavior more cheaply and completely than other recording methods. Although the detailed fidelity of video provides significant potential for reuse, this potential goes largely unrealized because videos are rarely shared. Moreover, the large size of video files, diversity of file formats, and incompatible software tools pose technical challenges, and recordings of faces and voices pose issues regarding participant identifiability. The Databrary (databrary.org) data library, based at NYU, has developed solutions for: securely sharing research video while respecting participants' privacy, storing and streaming shared video, and managing video datasets and associated metadata. Video data are big data, and interest in recording, analyzing, and sharing video for research, education, and policy purposes continues to grow. Databrary makes video data sharing convenient and attractive for researchers, thereby increasing transparency and enhancing the potential for discovery.


This paper describes the mechanism of the placenta circulatory disturbance of thrombophilia in pregnancy, and investigates the pathologic patterns of placentas through both sides of the maternal blood circulation disorders and uterine blood circulation disorders. This paper attempt to add deeper understanding of thrombophilia and recognize the pathological mechanism of relevant perinatal outcomes.

Key words:
Thrombophilia; Pregnancy complications; Placenta; Pathologic processes


In the article the experience of the learning process organization in the International Higher Business school (IHBS) at SibSAU is presented. For the training of competitive specialists for the global labor market the IHBS aims, keeping traditions of the Russian education, to adapt and introduce modern elements of the foreign practice of management of the learning process.


COVID-19 vaccines have already reduced infections and hospitalizations across the globe, yet resistance to vaccination remains strong. This paper investigates the role of cable television news in vaccine skepticism and associated local vaccination rates in the United States. We find that, in the later stages of the vaccine roll-out (starting May 2021), higher local viewership of Fox News Channel has been associated with lower local vaccination rates. We can verify that this association is causal using exogenous geographical variation in the channel lineup. The effect is driven by younger individuals (under 65 years of age), for whom COVID-19 has a low mortality risk. Consistent with changes in beliefs about the effectiveness of the vaccine as a mechanism, we find that Fox News increased reported vaccine hesitancy in local survey responses. We can rule out that the effect is due to differences in partisanship, to local health policies, or to local COVID-19 infections or death rates. The other two major television networks, CNN and MSNBC, have no effect, indicating that messaging matters and that the observed effect on vaccinations is not due the consumption of cable news in general. We also show that there is no historical effect of Fox News on flu vaccination rates, suggesting that the effect is COVID-19-specific and not driven by general skepticism toward vaccines.


This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the wood fiber morphology on the yield and charcoal quality. Woods from three genetic materials were used, the C. citriodora and two clones of natural hybrids of E. urophylla (VM04 and MN463). Each genetic material is represented by five trees with a mean diameter of the population. Sampling the stem considered both the radial (heartwood and sapwood) as the longitudinal variation. The materials were characterized anatomically and subsequently carbonized at a heating rate of 60°C hour -1 until the temperature of 400°C during 30 minutes. The charcoal produced was physically and chemically characterized, moreover was obtained gravimetric yield of carbonization. The results obtained, it was concluded that the MN 463 clone had the lowest gross calorific value, differing from the other genetic materials. The VM 04 clone got worse in the gravimetric charcoal yield. The C. citriodora obtained the highest values of apparent relative density (ARD) and energy density (ED). The sapwood presented gross calorific value (GCV) and ARD greater than the heartwood, but gravimetric charcoal yield (GCY) was higher in the heartwood. The immediate chemical composition of charcoal was not influenced by any of the factors evaluated. The GCY, ARD, length, width and thickness of the fiber wall, slenderness ratio, fraction wall and Runkel index showed a linear trend of decrease in longitudinal direction. The ARD showed a negative and significant correlation with the width, lumen diameter of the fiber and coefficient of flexibility and positive and significant correlation with slenderness ratio and wall fraction of the fiber. The ED was positively and significantly correlated with the width, lumen diameter of the fiber and coefficient of flexibility, having only a negative relationship with the wall fraction. Key-words: Radial variations. Longitudinal position. Charcoal. Charcoal quality.


ABSTRACTHigh-resolution seismic velocity was obtained using acoustic full-waveform tomography of walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) data from an oil field dominated by carbonate rocks, offshore Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The data were collected in a deviated borehole with receivers located from 521 to 2742 m depth. The inversion was performed in the frequency domain. The success of the inversion was determined by three important factors: the starting model, the preconditioning of the input data, and the inversion strategy, which included an appropriate selection of a damping term τ in the Laplace–Fourier transformation. The inversion was performed between the frequencies of 4 and 50 Hz, and a logarithmic data residual was used. The extracted 1D velocity profiles from the final high-resolution velocity model correlate well with the sonic log, and estimated vertical incidence VSP velocities. The predicted data obtained by the final velocity model indicate a generally good fit with the field...


if only because I believe that quite enough can be achieved by it without resort to manifestly painful or distressing procedures. The pity is that the recent Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 does no more than tighten the regulation of permissiveness. Essentially, the act requires only that the severity of procedures permitted be commensurate with the perceived necessity or importance of the information sought. It imposes no absolute limit either on the purposes for which experiments mav be done or on the degree of severity permitted. Yet the observance of any moral principle supposes some real sacrifice of advantage or convenience. Parroting of the uninspired and iterative propaganda of the Research Defence Society by doctors does not assist the achievement of sympathetic understanding and fair compromise between well meaning pragmatists and well meaning idealists.


The radiation from a hollow-cathode tube containing rhodium was passed four times through an atomic beam of rhodium. Absorption was found in eight lines, four of which showed hyperfine structure doublets of separation 0.023 cm-1. The splitting could be ascribed to the ground state 4d8 5s 4F9/2 It was concluded with certainty that the spin of the rhodium nucleus 10345Rh has the value I = ½. The relative intensities of the components show that the magnetic moment is negative. The observed splitting leads to an estimated value of μ = -0.10 nuclear magneton The values of I and μ indicate a configuration (5g9/2)63p1/2 for the last seven protons of the rhodium nucleus in the Goeppert-Mayer model


In a previous paper (Colton [1963]) I considered a cost function approach to the design of a clinical trial for the comparison of two medical treatments. I examined two types of plans, one with a fixed sample size and one with random pairing and sequential, one-pairat-a-time, observations. Anscombe [1963] considered a similar formulation, dealing with the sequential case. The results of these investigations indicated that the optimal sequential plan led to an overall smaller cost (or, alternatively, an overall greater gain) than the corresponding optimal fixed sample size plan. Numerical results showed that the overall net gain with the optimal sequential plan could be as much as 25 percent more than that for the corresponding optimal fixed sample size plan. Here I consider intermediate plans: in particular, two possible two-stage plans. The appropriate cost functions are determined, the optimal plans are obtained, and the corresponding net gains are compared with each other and with the previously reported fixed sample size and sequential results. The results show that although the twostage plans proposed are quite different, their optimal net gains are similar. The overall net gain of the two-stage optimal plans is at most 13 percent more than that of the corresponding optimal fixed sample size plan. However, the optimal two-stage plan can account for as much as 50 percent of the difference in overall net gain between the fixed sample size and sequential plans. Hence, within this cost formulation it appears that by going from the one extreme of a fixed sample size plan to a two-stage plan one can achieve about half of the gain that is attainable by the opposite extreme of a pair-by-pair fully sequential plan.


With the redesign of the Agidisc filter, several improvements have been achieved as follows: Internal velocities of filtrate and air have been greatly reduced in the PIPPED sectors, ferrules, internal channels and filter valve. This will maximize pressure drop across the cake resulting in lower moistures and decreased wear. The PIPPED sector achieves better cake discharge because of the flexing action while increasing bag life. Moisture content reduction for the PIPPED sectors alone appear to have the potential for about 1 1/2 percentage points lower then redwood sectors. By indexing the two halves of the disc filter so each half discharges separately, shock wear on the cake conveyor should be reduced. More air volume will also go to less sectors resulting in better discharge. Using a sudden blow with a low pressure blower for cake discharge, energy consumption is reduced. Overall maintenance costs for the new design should be reduced through less wear due to appreciably reduced velocities.


This paper presents the operational analysis of the single-phase integrated buck-boost inverter. This topology is able to convert the DC input voltage into AC voltage with a high static gain, low harmonic content and acceptable efficiency, all in one single-stage. Main functionality aspects are explained, design procedure, system modeling and control, and also component requirements are detailed. Main simulation results are included, and two prototypes were implemented and experimentally tested, where its results are compared with those corresponding to similar topologies available in literature.


This essay takes two testing methods,namely hydraulic loading and ultrasonic nondestructive testing,to carry out corresponding experimental study on early-elastic modulus of the concrete material of a variety of strength,and to analyze the validity of Ultrasonic nondestructive testing on the elastic modulus of early age concrete.This essay brought forth regression analysis based on the experiment results,and put forward the formula to determine static elastic modulus of concrete using Ultrasonic Non-destructive Detection methods.


Women workers will find themselves at a disadvantage when competing in the labour market with men if they are not able to take advantage of promotion opportunities, regardless of whether they are full‐ or part‐timers. Women now make up 40 per cent of the UK labour force. However 46 per cent of employed women work part‐time compared with only 2 per cent of employed men. To a considerable extent this unequal position of women within the occupational structure is due to the particularly weak labour market position of married women who seek part‐time jobs. Married women are constrained by their family responsibilities in the type of work they take. Their situation contrasts sharply with men and women who enter the labour market straight from education with no domestic hindrances. Better occupational prospects for women workers will only be achieved if they have access to a wider range of occupations and are given the same opportunities for training and promotion as full‐timers.


The relativization ofthe value'of human life, from a social point of view, is caused by diffe- rent cultural phenomena related to moral crisis. Such crisis has a profound influence on the v/ay in- dividuals value their own existence and that of others. In order to meet this challenge, the Church not only has tojudge the situation but should also be a ferment of a new society.


Elaborated A dollar function is in a certain and continuous argument,the function interrupteds a point,the continuous of the compound function,the continuous of the elementary grade function and be worth some problem most,deeper geography soloves A dollar function continuous this important concept.


The problem this thesis seeks to address is that despite there being lots of evidence that young people of secondary school age in the United Kingdom embrace social media there is no established recognised best practice for incorporating it into their learning experience. This lack of best practice matters because social media has been demonstrated to support learning very effectively (closely fitting pedagogical approaches such as constructivism and connectivism), and digital literacy around the use of the World Wide Web in general and social media in particular is considered a life skill. A mixed methods, explanatory sequential approach is used to improve understanding of why and how pupils use social media, what they seek to achieve in doing so and why teachers do not appear to be promoting the use of social media to support non-formal learning. Data collection consisted of a quantitative survey undertaken by 380 pupils attending secondary schools in the counties of Hampshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk in the UK. This was followed by qualitative studies in the form of 8 focus groups with an average of 12 pupils per group and 18 individual interviews with teachers, which were thematically coded using an inductive, constant comparison approach until reaching point of saturation. An argument is presented that, although both pupils and teachers recognise the potential of social media to contribute to the non-formal learning process, this will not take place until key barriers are removed; in particular the perceptions of risk need to be addressed, and limitations created by the technical affordances of current platforms must be overcome. This thesis suggests that a set of mitigation strategies for these barriers could be developed based upon Digital Literacy education and Participatory Design led software development. This thesis therefore provides an original contribution to knowledge in the identification of barriers inhibiting use of social media by pupils in compulsory education to support non-formal learning and proposes an interdisciplinary approach to mitigate for these barriers.


The nonlinear behavior of rectangular thin plates with initial imperfections is studied in this paper by using an iterative boundary element and finite element method. The transverse and the in-plane deformations of the plates are analyzed, respectively, by the boundary element method and the finite element method. The coupling between these two deformations and the nonlinearity of the problem considered are taken into account by introducing initial strains and through an iterative procedure. Spline functions are used in both boundary element and finite element analysis. Imperfections, which are expressed by double Fourier series, are considered in the numerical examples, although the method is also applicable to other imperfections. Numerical results, dealing with large deflection of imperfect rectangular plates with either simply supported or clamped boundaries, are presented, discussed and compared with the results obtained by using alternative approaches. Upon assuming the absence of imperfections, the corresponding large deflection analysis of a perfect plate occurs as a particular case.


Studies about space robots have assumed a relatively small object as a manipulated target. But in space a target object can be relatively huge, for example the spacecraft, the space station, the solar power satellite, etc. In these cases, manipulation by several vehicles which have a thrust engine is superior than that by arms mounted on the spacecrafts. In the manipulation by vehicles, the fuel consumption in a thrust engine is related to the size of force activated by a vehicle and the size of force depends on the positions of contacting points. Therefore, contacting points of the vehicles is important in view of the fuel consumption. In the paper, the authors discuss how to find the optimal contacting points. The optimal contacting points are defined as the points which minimize the norm of force needed for the specified acceleration of a target object and maximize the dynamic manipulability margin. The results of the simulation are indicated.<<ETX>>


Federated Learning is now widely deployed by Google on Android handsets for distributed training of neural networks. While Federated Learning aims to avoid sharing sensitive user data with Google, in this paper we show that when used for GBoard next word prediction Federated Learning provides little privacy to users. Namely, we demonstrate that the words typed by a user can be quickly and accurately reconstructed from the gradients of the GBoard LSTM used for next word prediction. Use of mini-batches does not protect against reconstruction.


Background: Mathematical modelling of bio thermal processes is widely used to enhance the quantitative understanding of thermoregulation system of human body organs. This quantitative knowledge of thermal information of various human body organs can be used for developing clinical applications. In the past the investigators have studied thermal distribution in hemispherical shaped human breast in presence of spherical shaped tumor. The shape and size of the breast as well as tumor may also affect thermal distribution which can have serious implications in thermography. In the present paper a model of thermal disturbances in peripheral regions of ellipsoidal shaped breast for two dimensional steady state case. The modelling study will provide biomedical scientist vital insights of thermal changes occurring due to shape and size of breast which can influence the development of protocols of thermography for diagnosis and treatment of tumors in women's breast. Method: We have incorporated the significant parameters like blood flow, metabolic activity and thermal conductivity in the thermal model for normal and malignant tissues. The controlled metabolic activity has been incorporated for normal tissues. The peripheral regions of breast are divided into three major layers mainly epidermis, dermis and sub dermal tissues. The outer surface of the breast is assumed to be exposed to the environment and the heat loss takes place by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. The finite element approach is employed to obtain the solution. Results: By selecting appropriate model parameters we have shown the spatial thermal variation in different stages of breast according to their shapes which could be replicated by the proposed model. Conclusions: The proposed model was successfully employed to study the impact of different sizes and shapes in peripheral regions of elliptical shaped woman's breast. The proposed model is more realistic in terms of shape and size of woman's breast in comparison to earlier models reported in the literature. The changes in slope of the thermal curves at the junctions of various peripheral layers are due to the non homogenous nature of the region.


This research was conducted to find out whether bank credit and financing encourage economic activity and growth. The study was conducted using explanatory methods, applying the multiple regression equation model with ordinary least square (OLS) regression data analysis methods, using Indonesian economic data for the period 1992-2018. The results of this study reveal that conventional bank credit and Islamic bank financing significantly influence the economic growth. Increased credit and financing have a positive effect on economic growth. Every increase in conventional bank credit results in an increase in economic growth. The effect of change is not too large, is inelastic, but the effect is significant. Every increase in the value of credit and financing in the domestic banking industry has the potential to cause economic growth. The effect of conventional bank credit on economic growth is greater than the effect of Islamic bank financing on economic growth. Conventional bank credit is relatively more elastic encouraging economic growth compared to Islamic banks.


Abstract
 This essay scouts the conception of combatant moral equality in the preceding papers by Dan Zupan and Jeff McMahan, and especially in the recent interchange between McMahan and Michael Walzer. With McMahan, I deride the idea that aggressor combatants have some moral right to kill, but, unlike him, I deride the idea of such a legal right. I accept only a presumption of blamelessness, and argue that Zupan actually agrees. Combatant moral equality, I argue, has import only for conscientious objection, and (contra McMahan and Walzer) not for our war conventions or just war theory. Walzer is criticized for over-emphasizing our collective responses to war conduct and slighting our personal, extra-political responses.


ABSTRACT Restorative justice in the juvenile and criminal justice contexts can produce positive outcomes for victims, offenders, and communities. Research demonstrates that restorative justice can produce negative outcomes for participants under certain circumstances, including poor conference facilitator performance. Facilitator performance is at least partially attributable to their training, but there is scant research on conference facilitator training. This multiple-case study explores the delivery modality, methods of instruction, and training content of 11 trainings delivered over a four-year period. This article concludes with recommendations for training modifications and future research to enhance the positive outcomes of restorative justice for all participants.


Nano silica is a shapeless kind of silica clean for the most part gathered in sack house channels as side-effect of the silicon and Ferro-silicon creation. The task outlines critical physical and substance properties of Nano silica and its applications. Nano silica comprises of round particles with a normal molecule size of 150 nm and a particular surface territory of ordinarily 20m3/g. The compound and physical properties of this inorganic item are diverse when contrasted with different nebulous and crystalline silica poly transforms. More than 500.000 MT of Nano silica are sold to the building business worldwide and are utilized as a part of fiber bond, solid, oil-well boring, refractories, and even in polymers. Nano silica contains follow measures of overwhelming metal oxides and natural stores, which begin from characteristic crude materials. The primary field of utilization is as pozzolanic material for superior cement. It is now and again mistaken for raged silica. Nonetheless, the generation procedure, molecule attributes and fields of use of smoldered silica are largely not quite the same as those of silica fume.Concrete possesses special position among the cutting edge development materials. Concrete is a material utilized as a part of building development, comprising of a hard, artificially idle particulate substance, known as total (normally made for various sorts of sand and rock), that is bond by bond and water. Nano silica in light of its extraordinary fineness and high silica content, silica rage is an extremely powerful pozzolanic material. Standard particulars for silica smolder utilized as a part of cementations blends are ASTM C1240, EN 13263. Silica seethe is added to Portland bond cement to enhance its properties, specifically its compressive quality, bond quality, and scraped spot protection. These enhancements come from both the mechanical upgrades coming about because of expansion of a fine powder to the concrete glue blend and in addition from the pozzolanic responses between the silica smoke and free calcium hydroxide in the glue. This task compresses about the correlation between the M60 concrete with Nano silica cement of same review. The Mix Design for concrete M60 review is being done according to the Indian Standard Code May be: 10262-1982. In this undertaking Nano silica is utilized as a simulated pozzolan and 6% 12% 18% is added to the heaviness of bond in concrete.


In this preliminary study, the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) method has been validated in a group of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Z/H mean vector between healthy controls (C), COPD patients with low FFM (FFM/sub L/ and COPD patients with normal FFM (FFM/sub n/) was compared using the tolerance ellipses from the Italian population [3]. The later was possible since Z/H mean vector was similar between both reference populations in Italy and Spain. The BIVA method allow to discriminate the FFM/sub N/, FFM/sub L/ and C groups.


This paper reports on the functional evaluation of the three 16-bit microprocessors, namely the Intel 8086, the Zilog Z8000, and the Motorola MC68000. These microprocessors were employed in several CRT applications, both monochrome and color. Execution time benchmark tests were made, mechanization problems compared and instruction/architectural characteristics highlighted. Conclusions and recommendations are made applicable to terminals and similar Sperry Univac products.


Treatment of patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) who need coronary stent implantation is a challenge. Although trials have shown "direct anticoagulants (DOAC) indefinitely plus clopidogrel for one year" strategy reduces bleeding events in comparison to triple therapy, especially with warfarin, many questions remain about the safety and efficacy of this strategy.

 This study compared the events in patients who received left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and antiplatelet therapy (APT) with those who were treated with oral anticoagulants (OAC) (including DOAC) and APT.

 207 consecutive patients with NVAF who underwent coronary stent implantation (most of them for NSTEACS), were analysed. 146 were treated with OAC (75 with acenocoumarol, 71 with DOAC) and 61 with LAAO during a mean follow-up of 35 months. Furthermore, they received APT according to the clinical cardiologist criteria (Figure 1).

 There were no significant differences in variables like age (average 75.7 years-old) hypertension, diabetes, gender, permanent or paroximal AF or a history of stroke or thromboembolisms between groups. But there were more unfavourable characteristics in LAAO group with significant differences in the percentage of history of coronary artery disease (43.2% vs 75,4% p= <0.001), CHA2DS2-VASc (4.07±1.70 vs 4.56±1.53 p=0.033), history of relevant bleedings (BARC ≥2) (8.9% vs 49.2% p<0.001), history of high bleeding risks defined as previous bleedings or HASBLED ≥3 (19.9% vs 62.3% p<0.001) and HAS-BLED (1.63±1.09 vs 2.49±1.18, p<0.001), between OAC and LAAO groups respectively.
 Observed total death, stroke/TIA and relevant bleedings incidence rates (expressed per 100 patient-years) were higher in OAC- than in LAAO-group: 10.86 vs. 6.96% (HR: 1.56; p=0.183), 4.59 vs. 1.27% (HR: 3.61; p=0.084), 12.43 vs. 4.57% (HR: 2.72; p=0.014), respectively. The composite events of MAE and MCVE (defined as in Figure 1 and 2) were also significantly higher: 23.40 vs. 9.8% (HR: 2.40; p=0.002) (Figure 2, left) and 7.41 vs. 1.9% (HR: 3.90; p=0.025) (Figure 2, right), respectively.

 In patients with NVAF receiving coronary stents, a LAAO strategy with APT, shows better results in MAE and MCVE than treatment with OAC (DOAC included) plus APT strategy in a long term-follow-up, despite more unfavourable variables in LAAO group.

 Type of funding sources: None.


In the aftermath of the 2008/09 financial crisis, business schools had to face increasing criticism to have failed equipping their students with a broad and critical understanding of management and business practices which go beyond pure self-interest. Business schools are supposed to contribute to a holistic understanding of management which creates value along a triple bottom line: profit, people and planet. The triple bottom line finds its realization in the concept of sustainable corporate responsibility. This paper discusses possible approaches for business schools how to educate students to be future generators of sustainable value for business and society at large and to work for an inclusive and sustainable global economy. On the basis of the recently published Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) as well as contemporary learning theories, the paper provides concrete recommendations how to foster students' development towards long-term thinking, responsible business leaders. The paper argues that student learning needs to occur within powerful learning environments to provide an active, problem-based and self-directed acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Two approaches to create best-practice learning environments are real-life case studies and real-life student projects which both lead to a strong buy in of students, faculty and company partners. Both approaches are exemplified with the bachelor degree program International Management at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Switzerland). As a conclusion, a responsible management education fosters the students' knowledge, skills and attitudes towards responsible business leadership to shape the future direction of the 21st century.


This article describes the problem of organizing heterogeneous information systems interaction. Various factors influencing the process of intersystem integration are observed. Modern technologies for intersystem integration are considered. A simple and effective approach to arrangement of intersystem integration is offered.


The utility model relates to an exchange workbench synchronous lifting device of a laser cutter, which comprises a base; a guiding mechanism and a power driving mechanism are arranged on the base; the guiding mechanism and the power driving mechanism are respectively connected with a lifting platform; an upper guide rail and a lower guide rail are arranged on the lifting platform; four racks are vertically arranged on the base; the guiding mechanism comprises four sets of linear guiding rail pairs which are vertically arranged; the sliders of the four sets of linear guide rail pairs are respectively connected with the lifting platform; two transmission shafts in parallel are arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting platform; two gears and two sprockets are respectively arranged on each transmission shaft; one gear is meshed with one rack; the corresponding sprockets on the two transmission shafts are connected through a chain; and the power driving mechanism comprises a plurality of cylinders. The synchronous lifting device does not need very high shape and position precision, so that the processing and the installation are easy, the positioning is accurate, and the normal exchange of a workbench is ensured.


The utility model relates to a two stage ignitor for the direct ignition of coal powder. Laval spraying tube structures, plasma ignitors with coal powder wind channel designs with equal flowing areas, and main burning ignitors are arranged on two stages of the ignitor. The utility model has the advantages of small power of a power source of a plasma body, ignition with big force, reliable and direct ignition of coal powder flame, stable burning, no phenomenon of powder accumulation in the integral ignitor, no coking on a wall surface, etc.


Of the 12 f u l l members of the Politburo 3 are secretaries while Pel'she heads the Committee of Party Control, a central body. Grishin i s in charge of the Moscow party gorkom, and three major regional party organisations are represented: i . e . there are 8 party functionaries i n a l l . The remaining four members occupy positions i n the government. A similar pattern prevails amongst the candidate members. Ryzhkov, the newest


Organization and transcription of ATP synthase genes in photosynthetic bacteria : studies on two members of Rhodospirillaceae: Rhodopseudomonas blastica and Rhodospirillum rubrum


Recent changes in competition, the market, and process instrumentation and computers have made process control a primary focus for every process engineer. Consequently, industry has a strong desire for newly hired engineers to be aware of the contemporary equipment and practice of process control, in addition to classroom theory. Revision of the standard education experiences has benefits, and industry and academic collaboration on the improvements will keep the changes both educationally and industrially relevant. Best of all collaboration can create a significant funding source.


resident, is noted by Beswick to maintain an 'authorial authenticity' that can result in the estate voice being 'framed as unproblematically real' (p. ). This, Beswick argues, 'imbues the work with an added burden of representation, as stage depictions operate to solidify existing understandings about estates and are often read as reflecting the authentic totality of estate experience' (p. ). Methodologically, a reading of social housing in performance is accomplished through a befitting taxonomy of estate performance that includes the 'quotidian' as the daily experiences of estate residents, along with such terms as 'located arts practices' and 'resident/artist-led performance' – classifications that ensure that the project confronts critiques of applied theatre, live art and installation performance about, or sited on, estates. This is elaborated through a careful selection of performances notable for Beswick's commitment to seeking out local, difficult-to-find practices, such as Fourthland's The Wedding to the Bread (); the delightfully knowing antics of Jordon McKenzie's Monsieur Poo-Pourri (–), a posh nineteenth-century flâneur interloping on his own estate; countered by Eclipse Theatre's Black Men Walking (), who state that 'flanerie is for whites' (p. ). Most pertinently, this book honours the subjects it writes about by addressing it not just to academics and students, but accessibly to a reach beyond the walls of the academy. Its thoughtfulness is balanced and respectful to the work of artists while retaining estate subjectivities as the focused priority. Crucially, this research has clarified that not all artistic practices on estates are uncritical of the economic, classed and racialized environments in which they work.


Sensitivity analysis by means of the semianalytical method often results in severe accuracy problems for shape design variables. It turns out that the method used to generate the perturbed meshes has an important effect on the accuracy of the design sensitivities. In the present paper it will be shown that the accuracy of the design sensitivities can be improved by using Laplacian smoothing instead of a boundary node approach. When Laplacian smoothing is used design perturbations are distributed more equally over the finite element mesh. Implementation of the method is easy in an existing preprocessor. The proposed method is applied to semi-analytic al and refined semi-analytical design sensitivities. In both cases more accurate design sensitivities are obtained. The accuracy of the design sensitivities has been studied by means of an analytical beam example and several numerical examples.