Two centuries have passed since the birth of Don Bosco and this occasion can be a significant opportunity for the re-launching of the Congregation in Italy. From this point of view, it is certainly important to try to identify the more relevant challenges. This article divides them into external and internal. The first come from the problems afflicting our civil society from the economic, social, cultural and educational points of view. In their turn, the challenges internal to the Congregation have been articulated as those of a general nature, those which concern single areas of Salesian pastoral work, and those specifically related to schools and centres for vocational education since in their regard the results of recently conducted research are available. If the areas of criticism are varied even more so are the strong points and the prospects for development, and the Salesians who are living in Italy, with the determined collaboration of lay people, are certainly capable of effectively achieving them.


The study deals with the current situation in the world and in Ukraine, in particular, in the implementation of acts of violence against women and children. It is confirmed that this issue did not have a wide discussion in Ukraine, and among the first to raise the issue of human rights unions and other organizations. It is stated that the existing official agency statistics on domestic violence are fragmentary and do not reflect the real state of affairs. Various factors affecting the manifestations of violence (low standard of living, various types of dependence, etc.) are noted, statistics on violence against women and children are reported by foreign countries (for example, every fourth woman is victimized in Britain). There are various manifestations of violence against women and children, including physical, sexual, economic and psychological violence. They are mentioned in the article defining domestic violence in accordance with the regulations of Ukraine. It is noted that among the most frequent manifestations of violence against women are verbal abuse, psychological pressure, physical abuse, sexual coercion. Statistics show that more cases are attributed to older women, but this is due not to the actual facts of violence, but to the fact that they are more aware of the concept and contact the relevant authorities more often. The article reveals the nature and significance of various forms of violence. In addition, child abuse is identified as a definition of the phenomenon, which is considered in four categories, two of which are not direct violence, but have a detrimental effect on children. Such categories include neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. The following is a classification of violence according to the following characteristics: depending on the offender's strategy (overt and covert), time (in the past and now), duration (one-time and systemic), place and surroundings (at home, at school, on the street). Attention is drawn to the fact that the child suffers from several types at the same time. The study also noted cases of violence against men and the corresponding consequences of this phenomenon.


POLRES Rembang requires performance measurement in public services. The purpose of this study is to determine: 1). the effect of effectiveness and efficiency on public service performance, 2). the influence of officer discipline on public service performance, 3) the effect of officer initiative on public service performance, 4). the personal influence of officers on the performance of public services, 5). the influence of information systems on public service performance, 6). suggestions and expectations from the community. The research method used is quantitative with the population is the people who enjoy the services provided by POLRES Rembang. This study used a sample of 200 respondents. The sampling technique used is cluster sampling, which is the basis for the number of districts in Rembang Regency. The technique of collecting data with a questionnaire using a linkert scale. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed: 1). effectiveness and efficiency have a positive effect on public service performance, 2). Officer discipline has a positive effect on public service performance, 3) officer's initiative has no significant negative effect on public service performance, 4). personal officers have a positive effect on public service performance, 5). Information systems have a positive effect on public service performance, 6). the hope of the community, POLRES Rembang continues to improve the performance of its services. The test value of determination is 0.768, which means that the factors examined in the study have an influence on the performance of the POLRES Rembang service by 76.8%, while the remaining 23.2% is influenced by other factors outside the model studied.


This paper presents the University of Helsinki submissions to the Basque–English low-resource translation task. Our primary system is a standard bilingual Transformer system, trained on the available parallel data and various types of synthetic data. We describe the creation of the synthetic datasets, some of which use a pivoting approach, in detail. One of our contrastive submissions is a multilingual model trained on comparable data, but without the synthesized parts. Our bilingual model with synthetic data performed best, obtaining 25.25 BLEU on the test data.


An orthogonal group divisible design (OGDD) (X, Y, A, B) is a set X and a partition Y of X into classes (usually called groups), and two disjoint sets. A and B 3-subsets of X, so that each pair {x, y} of elements of X appears once in a 3-subset of A and once in a 3-suhset of B if x and y are from different groups, and does not appear in a 3-subset of either if x and y are from the same groups. Moreover, (a) if {x, y, a}∈A and {x, y, b}∈B, then a and b are in different groups; and (b) for two distinct intersecting triples {x, y, z} and {u, v, z} of A, the triples {x, y, a} and {u, v, b} of B satisfy a≠b. In this article, we will show that there is a unique isomorphism class of OGDDs of type 4^4.


In0.135Ga0.865As/GaAs quantum wires with widely varying widths down to 29 nm have been studied by degenerate four-wave mixing. The exciton binding energy EB in the wires has been determined by quantum beat spectroscopy. We find an increase of EB with decreasing wire width, giving clear evidence for the lateral confinement of the excitons in the wire structures. Further, the exciton dephasing kinetics due to exciton-phonon and exciton-exciton scattering is studied. For both dephasing mechanisms we find an increase of the scattering rates with decreasing wire width. For the exciton-phonon scattering the increase is rather weak, while for the exciton-exciton scattering a drastic increase of the scattering rate is observed.


EDUCATION George J. Sefa Dei, Alireza Asgharzadeh, Sharon Eblaghie Bahador, and Riyad Ahmed Shahjahan. Schooling and Difference in Africa: Democratic Challenges in a Contemporary Context. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xviii + 333 pp. Charts. References. Index. $39.95. Paper. Schooling and Difference in Africa uses an ethnographic approach to examine social difference and its relevance to schooling in Ghana. Divided into eleven chapters, the book's first four chapters provide theoretical and contextual background to the study. Chapter 1 contains a well-presented discussion about social difference and schooling in Africa, with specific emphasis on gender, class, language, ethnicity, and disability. The chapter also provides information about the multicultural, multiethnic, and multilingual nature of Ghanaian society as well as the challenges of education in this context. Chapter 2 describes the methodology and logistics of the three-year field study that informs the book. Chapters 3 and 4 weave through the voices of educators, students, and practitioners living in Ghana and Canada, examining their understanding and experience of difference as well as their understanding of the notion of majority/minority and its construction across the many lines of difference existing in Ghana. Each of chapters 5 to 10 examines aspects of the interface of Ghanaian education with ethnicity, gender, class, physical (dis)ability, language, and religion. The authors draw on a wide range of perspectives to offer conclusions on ways that social difference affects educational experience. Chapter 11 compares issues of difference and diversity in the Ghanaian and Canadian education systems. A pervasive theme of the book is that the critical investigation of difference and diversity can contribute to a discourse that leads "to the promotion of 'educational inclusion' in Ghanaian school settings" (3). The authors' critique of the sensitivity of the Ghanaian educational system to social difference goes beyond mere theorizing: through both interviews and observations in educational settings, they successfully stimulate critical discussions among a wide range of Ghanaians regarding their understanding and experience of difference in Ghana's education. While this bold approach moves the discussion beyond abstract theory, these strengths present some inherent challenges. The book struggles with geographic representation, and the authors recognize this: "While. …


Abstract The paper presents the concept of using color template charts for the needs of telemedicine, particularly telediagnosis of the stoma. Although the concept is not new, the current popularity and level of development of digital cameras, especially those embedded in smartphones, allow common and reliable remote advice on various medical problems, which can be very important in the case of limitations in a physical contact with a doctor. The article focuses on the initial stages of photo processing for the needs of telemedicine, i.e., on the assumptions and the process of designing the appropriate template and detecting it in photos for stoma telediagnosis. Research on the developed algorithms for the location of fiducial markers and reference color fields, carried out on the basis of over 2,000 photos, showed a very high tolerance to scene exposure, lighting conditions and the camera used. The obtained results allowed the initial image intensity normalization of the stoma area as well as correct localization and measurement of changes detected on the skin and the mucosa, which, in the opinion of doctors, significantly increased the diagnostic value of the photographs.


Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by H1N1 virus which was introduced in 2009. People who work in poultry farms and are in contact with live swine have high risk of swine flu infection. Use of mask by workers can be taken as prevention against disease. Here, we have formulated a SEIR mathematical model in two compartments to see the effect of profession and surroundings on spread of swine flu. Moreover, disease free equilibrium point, endemic equilibrium point and basic reproduction number have been calculated. It is seen that disease free equilibrium point always exists and is stable when R0 < 1. Similarly, endemic equilibrium point exist and is stable when R0 > 1. Sensitivity analysis of equilibrium point and basic reproduction number indicates the impact of parameter on spread of disease. Optimal value for efficiency of mask (a) is derived. Further, using MATLAB, numerical simulation has been done with respect to suitable parameter values and appropriate graphs have been obtained for all populations to understand the transmission behavior of swine flu.


General information Considering this interest in hydrogen isotopes permeation, the reported research has been structured to be developed in a two general directions. Starting from our experimental knowledge into mechanical properties analysis at cryogenic temperatures, we followed a previously-expressed idea, which intend to eliminate the cryostat equipment from the mechanical toughness machine, by using a polystyrene foam like a thermal protection envelope. The general setup of this experimental part of the research was based on comparing the experimental results using the common previously-designed system and the new version with the polystyrene jacket. The main part of the research was focused on the hydrogen isotopes permeability into metallic materials as is expressed in the title. An important comment has to be made at the beginning. Due to the internal problems related to the Tritium operation license approval by the National Commission for Nuclear Activities, we decided to continue the experiments with the other isotopes of Hydrogen and at the moment that we will receiveapproval to work in the right conditions we will repeat the same experiments with Tritium. Also, we tried to develop experiments for the tritium permeation at concentrations admitted for normal environment, but unfortunately we could not achieve data with high accuracy. An experimental stand for hydrogen isotopes permeability has been designed and built and different metallic materials has been tested for various experimental conditions.


Under contract to the Army's Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory, Westinghouse has been investigating the design, test, and implementation of a set of algorithms to perform intelligent target tracking and intelligent target homing on FLIR and TV imagery. The focus is a system of algorithms which can quantitively identify a target and its present background, but can acknowledge the approach of a new background in the target's path, characterize this new region, and intelligently predict the target's signature before it enters a new domain. The operating environment for the system is a high clutter background associated with ground targets. Three types of obscurations are considered: (1) the target enters a background very similar in gray scale to it, (2) the target passes behind an obscuration such that some identifiable portion is always visible, and (3) where the target passes behind a thin screen of obscuration and portions of the target can be seen on each frame but portions vary from frame to frame. The system may be viewed as a target cuer operating in conjunction with a target signature predictor and high speed frame to frame registration. The review describes some of the work performed in the first 6 months of a 19-month program.


Only products containing substances listed in the Regulations (EC) No 889/2008 and 354/2014 can be used in the protection of organic crops. Despite the common list of active substances and schemes of qualifying products for use in organic farming, availability of measures to protect organic farming in the Member States vary widely. The paper presents data collected in 2017. Obtaining information concerning the list of plant protection products qualified for use in organic farming was possible only for 12 Member States. Among the countries, the biggest number of products containing plant oils to protect organic crops has been approved in Germany, the Czech Republic and Luxembourg. No products containing plant oils are approved for use in organic farming in Croatia, Lithuania, Poland and United Kingdom. Pinole and rapeseed oil have the broadest protection capacity for each group of organic farming: agricultural, vegetable, fruit and ornamental. Plant oils most frequently registered in the products approved for use in organic farming include rapeseed oil, mint oil and orange oil. Differences in the availability of ways to protect organic farming in the Member States hinder equal competition in the common market.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the profile of poverty and to inquire the determinants that affect the probability of a home being poor or not, using a logistic regression analysis, that is to say, estimating the probability of a home being poor using discrete choice models of Binominal Logit type. The identification of the poor is made by the official absolute poverty line method and the data used correspond to the Household Sample Survey (HSS). Its contribution to the study of the problem of poverty lies in that it provides useful tools for the design of policies to solve this problem. According to the empirical evidence analyzed, to reduce poverty, the average home education rate and the educational level of the head of the family must be raised, improving his working conditions and reducing the home economic dependency rate, as evidenced from the explanatory variables analyzed.


Microstonyx majar is described for the first time from the Nagri Formation type section. The species is compared to Hippopotamodon sivalense and Dicoryphochoerus titanoides . The latter species is found to be a junior synonym of M. major. Microstonyx and Hippopotamodon might also be synonymous but further research is needed to substantiate this hypothesis. The Indian and Eurasian suid faunas had many species and genera in common.


This subject Aimed at realizing wireless transmission which combined multi-way synchronous data with multi-way asynchronous data.Concretely,combining two ways of synchronous data with a rate of 2Mb/s and 4Mb/s separately with eight ways of asynchronous data with a rate of 9.6Kb/s separately to fulfill wireless transmission,of which the design of hardware interface and the way of framing were key elements.This design adopted the method of controlling FIFO to realize cache and framing of multi-way data.Using FPGA of ALTERA company,this subject was on the basis of its FIFO.The writing request port and data-in port of FIFO were used to control data reception.Received data were put in the FIFO temporarily.The reading request port and data-out port of FIFO were used to control framing.Every functional module of this design was completed by VHDL.Functional simulation was done in the environment of QuartusⅡ,which indicated that every module was designed correctly and this system can correctly fulfill combined transmission of multi-way data.


Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. 'Titicaca', subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. 'Titicaca' seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.


The total reaction cross sections of Mg isotopes on a 12 C target at 240 MeV/nucleon have been analyzed with a fully microscopic framework, i.e., the double folding model with the density calculated by antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. Our results well reproduce the latest experimental data except 37 Mg as a new candidate for a deformed halo nucleus.


Regulators are faced with the challenge of foreseeing the effects of new technologies in the market, the environment and society. This implies not only a satisfactory knowledge of the scientific and technical characteristics of emerging technologies, but also a clear understanding of the socio-ethical concerns related to their future applications. How do regulators assess the impacts of new technologies? This chapter examines the analytical instruments in possession of the regulator in the proposal phase of new legislation. It focuses on the systems and methodological approaches for estimating the impacts of new technologies with a particular focus on the European Union Impact Assessments.


Objective: Global statistics reveal over 100 million people worldwide suffer from OA, which is one of the most common causes of disability. According to the Arthritis Foundation, one in every two will develop symptoms of knee OA during their lives. One of the primary symptoms of persons with knee osteoarthritis is pain. The objective of this case report is to introduce Viddha, a non drug, local therapy from Ayurveda, an Indian System of Medicine as an intervention to achieve significant analgesia immediately, which is cost effective, has no side effects with possibility of arresting the progression of disease based on Ayurveda principle. Method and Result:-Viddhachikitsa(Viddha treatment)was done with the help of 26 gauge half inch short, fine, brown hypodermic needle.Its first sitting (done on 28th Nov2017) provided immediate pain relief up to 60%in a female patient aged 47yrs with moderate Knee OA radiologically and severe symptomatically. In next two sittings (done on 30th Nov and 4th Dec 2017) there was 65% pain relief. Pain relief lasted till last follow up on 9th Jan 2018. WOMAC index LK3.1on initial assessment before treatment was 88 which came down to 40 after treatment. Conclusion:-Viddha has therapeutic value in the treatment of Knee OA.


Performability is a composite measure for the performance and reliability, which may be interpreted as the cumulative performance over a nite mission time. The computation of its distribution allows the user to ensure that the system will achieve a given performance level. The system is assumed to be modeled as a Markov process with nite state space and a reward rate (performance measure) is associated with each state. We propose, in this paper, a new algorithm to compute the performability distribution of fault-tolerant computer systems. The main advantage of this new algorithm is its low polynomial computational complexity. Moreover it deals only with non negative numbers bounded by one. This important property allows us to determine truncation steps and so to improve the execution time of the algorithm. Key-words: Fault tolerance, repairable systems, Markov processes, performability, performance, reliability, uniformization


Over the past decade, we have come to appreciate that individuals with even moderately reduced renal function are at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus, however, on how renal function should be measured. The most precise and accurate methods (such as inulin clearance) are impractical in the clinical setting and for larger research studies. Serum creatinine has been the mainstay by which renal function has been estimated for decades, but it is crude and can often be misleading. Age, weight, sex, and race influence creatinine production and thus need to be taken into account when evaluating a serum creatinine value. For example, an elderly woman with a serum creatinine in the "normal" range can have severely reduced renal function. Although measurements of serum creatinine are relatively inexpensive and widely available, they do have limitations.

In an attempt to address some of these limitations, equations have been derived to estimate either creatinine clearance or the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The most commonly used equation for estimating creatinine clearance is the Cockcroft–Gault formula (1). GFR calculated by this equation correlates well with measured GFR when renal function is within the reference interval, but as renal function declines, it overestimates GFR because creatinine is removed not only by glomerular filtration by also by renal tubular secretion. When GFR is low, tubular secretion becomes an important factor. Another formula, the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation, is the most widely used to estimate GFR (2). It too has several limitations, including lack of validation within the reference interval, the susceptibility of the alkaline-picrate creatinine method to interferences, and the lack of harmonization of creatinine assays. The variation between laboratories for plasma creatinine may be 30% or more. This has …


Rate constants have been determined for the proton and deuteron transfer reactions of 4-nitrophenylnitromethane, NO2C6H4CH2NO2, with three phenyl substituted derivatives of 2-phenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, X—C6H4—N=C[N(CH3)2]2, where X = 4-Cl, 2-Cl, and 2-Br, in the temperature range 278–308 K in acetonitrile solvent. In the concentration ranges used, the reaction to form an ion-paired product is first order in acid and first order in base. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically using the stopped-flow technique. The reaction is fastest for the 4-Cl substituted base and slowest for the 2-Br analogue. The observed deuterium kinetic isotope effects show a clear dependence on the position and the size of the substituent in the base molecule. Kinetic isotope effects at 25 °C, kH/kD = 9.7 ± 0.3, 12.5 ± 0.3, and 15.6 ± 0.3, were observed for 4-Cl, 2-Cl, and 2-Br substituted bases respectively. The appropriate ratios of Arrhenius preexponential factors, AH/AD = 0.98 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.10, and 0.77 ±...


The stereochemistry of thermalized chlorine-for-bromine substitution was studied in gaseous (3RS,4SR)- and (3RS,4RS)-3-bromo-4-fluorohexane. While energetic chlorine-for-bromine substitution occurs by a two-channel substitution mechanism, one leading to retention, the other to inversion of configuration, thermal chlorine-for-bromine substitution at the sp3-hybridized carbon of the diastereomers proceeds extensively, if not exclusively, via stereochemical inversion.


Excessive concentrations of pollutants in the urban air are regularly observed, posing a long-term danger to the health of inhabitants. Monitoring the quality of urban air is therefore a very important issue to help stakeholders to take appropriate measures (reduction of road traffic...). The urban spatial distribution of air pollution is very heterogeneous and evolves rapidly over time. It is therefore important to develop reliable, fast, and spatially spread measurement methods. This last criterion is often hard to implement. For example, air quality measuring stations are very accurate, but their measurements are too local to obtain information on areas with no station. In this work, we propose to study the usage of residents' daily bicycle traffic as a participatory network of air quality sensors, providing volunteer cyclists with an air quality sensor to use during their daily commute. To evaluate the effectiveness of such a network, we choose to build a multi-agent simulation based on the GAMA development environment that models a group of bicycle-mounted sensors mapping urban air quality. Traces of urban air quality collected by the sensors are then used to infer air quality at the city level. Results are compared with actual data from public air administration. The model simulates the daily mobility of a synthetic population of cyclists in the city. The population (with age, activity, location) is created from census data provided by the INSEE French institute, trips data coming from House trip surveys of Mobiliscope (https://mobiliscope.cnrs.fr), and from geolocalized, time-stamped and anonymized travel data from private companies. The simulated daily routes of the bicycles are associated with pollution levels (


The core component of the mining dynamic weighing system of conveyer belt based on the principle of buoyancy weighing has been changed from a traditional weighing sensor into a buoyancy weighing sensor. Grading weighing technology is applied to this system and the weighing object has been shifted from the quality of the coal to the linear displacement. This system can achieve full-range linear dynamic weighing without the technical defects of zero drift or non-linear. Since this system can realize data real-time acquisition and supervision and solves the problem of quick and accurate weighing during continuous coal transmission, it is worth marketing.


Our objective was to observe the incidence and the recent-year developing trend of premature delivery,and explore the chief affecting factors as well as their affecting strength.With the data of delivery log of obsterics department of Gansu provincial hospital from 1995 through 2002 and using chi square test and multielement Logistic regression,we made a statistical analysis of the premature delivery and its affecting factors.Among 9293 cases in which chidbirths were ultimate successful,the incidence of premature delivery was 6.4%,with a by-year ascending trend.One-factor analysis showed that the related factors to premature delivery included age,occupation,the history of ever having prenatal check-up,the number of pregnancy and delivery,anomaly of placenta,premature rupture of membrane,pregnancy complications,abnormal fetal position,multifetation etc.After controlling certain confounding factors,the multielement Logistic regression showed that with staff group as the control group,the OR of trade service men and private traders was 1.44(95%CI=1.05-1.98),that of out-of-work laborers 1.46(95%CI=1.07-2.00),of peasants 1.50(95%CI=1.05-2.15),of those without prenatal check-up 4.50(95%CI=3.48-5.83) respectively.Moreover,the risks of premature delivery of those with placenta praevia,pregnancy complications,premature rupture of membrane,abnormal fetal position,multifetalplacenta praevia,pregnancy complications,premature rupture of membrane,abnormal fetal position,multifetation were statistically higher than control group.The factors of number of pregnancy or delivery and the year's seasons did not show statistical association with premature delivery.Our conclusion is a higher incidence of premature delivery arose year by year.The incidences of premature delivery are relatively higher among those women of peasants,trade service men and private trade individuals,and out-of-work laborers.The chief affecting factors related to premature delivery include those without prenatal check-up,with placenta praevia, pregnancy complications,premature rupture of membrance,abnormal fetal position,and multifetation.


PURPOSE: A both-eyes stereo camera system capable of controlling vergence like a man eye and a control method thereof are provided to minimize time difference in a close-up of subjects. CONSTITUTION: A both-eyes stereo camera system capable of controlling vergence like a man eye is constituted as follows. A first camera module comprises a first lens unit controlling the focus of a first image. A second camera module comprises a second lens unit controlling the focus of a second image. A half mirror unit is installed between the first camera module and the second camera module. The first camera module and the second camera module horizontally move on the same axle. The half mirror unit(300) transmits one image between the first and second images to one camera module between the first and second camera modules.


The purpose of this research is a mapping of areas with potential for oil palm and rubber in the province of Aceh and the establishment of poverty alleviation models police in order to accelerate economic growth through coloring ekoconomics models, Application of Models in Economics Coloring government policy to tackle the problem of poverty in order to accelerate economic growth Aceh province. Research using a quantitative approach. Data analysis methods used in the study is descriptive statistics analysis. The results found that the province of Aceh has the potential of oil palm and rubber are very broad, but has not been used optimally. Rubber derived products still only be limited to the processing of raw rubber and kd timber, palm oil derivative products while still confined to the CPO and PKO.

Keywords: Coloring Economic Models, Partnership Strategy, Rubber and Oil Palm


The invention relates to a parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis method, which relates a circuit device or a circuit system for power supply or power distribution, and particularly relates to a multi-loop parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis method of a transmission network. The parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis method comprises the steps of: determining an original order parameter matrix of a multi-loop parallel circuit, determining a simplified order parameter matrix of the multi-loop parallel circuit, establishing a parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis model, determining a Thevenin equivalent power supply and resistance of a dual-port system, simultaneously calculating solutions of the multi-loop parallel circuit part and the external dual-port system of the parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis model to obtain the current and the voltage of every node of each loop circuit of the multi-loop parallel circuit; calculating the unbalance degree of the circuit and the unbalance degree of the system, and estimating the influence of the unbalance degree on the circuit by an unbalance degree index estimating circuit. The parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis method can reflect the large influencing factor possibly caused on the operation of the system, simplify the calculating process, and enhance the processing efficiency. The parallel circuit unbalance degree analysis method provides an effective simulation analysis and design tool for designing, constructing, operating and maintaining the parallel circuit.


The aeroacoustics of advanced, high speed propellers (propfans) are reviewed from the perspective of NASA research conducted in support of the Advanced Turboprop Program. Aerodynamic and acoustic components of prediction methods for near and far field noise are summarized for both single and counterrotation propellers in uninstalled and configurations. Experimental results from tests at both takeoff/approach and cruise conditions are reviewed with emphasis on: (1) single and counterrotation model tests in the NASA Lewis 9 by 15 (low speed) and 8 by 6 (high speed) wind tunnels, and (2) full scale flight tests of a 9 ft (2.74 m) diameter single rotation wing mounted tractor and a 11.7 ft (3.57 m) diameter counterrotation aft mounted pusher propeller. Comparisons of model data projected to flight with full scale flight data show good agreement validating the scale model wind tunnel approach. Likewise, comparisons of measured and predicted noise level show excellent agreement for both single and counterrotation propellers. Progress in describing angle of attack and installation effects is also summarized. Finally, the aeroacoustic issues associated with ducted propellers (very high bypass fans) are discussed.


Various schemes of the application of sterilizing agents of systemic action (antibiotics, fungicides) in the complex with sodium hypochlorite and various types of Agapanthus umbellatus explants are tested. The effect of primary explants origin on the formation of plant-regenerants is established. Among the plants of Charlotte sort, which were grown for a long time in the native conditions (in situ), bloomed and reproduced vegetatively, were received the explants with the higher rate of decontamination compared with the plants, which were grown from the seeds and formed buds for the first time. The place of their isolation from the donor plant in vivo also has had influence on the decontamination effectiveness of Charlotte sort. The lowest effectiveness was observed under using axillary buds which were isotated from the underground rhizomes. Using foundations inflorescences as explants during the introduction of sort Charlotte Agapanthus to culture in vitro gave an opportunity to get 53% of alive explants and decontamination effectiveness was 15%. This method was improved by us later following the results of extra decontamination effectiveness test, which were used with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate. The effectiveness of using Fundazol fungicide (benomil) as an extra decontaminant statistically didn't differ from the control. High efficiency of the application of Previcur Energy 840 SL and Maxim Forte 050 FS preparation as an additional decontaminant according to all the examined parameters (survival rate of explants, index of decontamination, outcrop of regenerants from explants) is detected. Maxim Forte 050 FS prevailed the control in all indications, but it conceded to Previcur Energy 840 SL. Using donors explants with the age of 30 and 45 days predetermined low survival rate (27–58%). Appropriateness of the application of plants-regenerants aged 90 days for the clonal micropropagation of agapanthus of Charlotte, Вlack magic varieties is tested.


Promotion of astronomy in Arab countries is facing many scientific and technical problems. Teaching astronomy starts very late in schools, with very simple and limited courses. Many teachers lack a suitable astronomical background, which can lead to incorrect understanding by students of many astronomical ideas and phenomena. Teaching astronomy at higher levels is also very limited, for example: aomng the 16 universities in Egypt, astronomy is taught in only two faculties of science, just for two years. Graduate students find many difficulties in obtaining jobs related to astronomical activities and this is a serious limitation on the attraction of the study of astronomy. On the other hand, astronomical institutions are suffering from a serious lack of the new sophisticated equipment, while the budget allotted for maintenance is very small, and there is a serious shortage of technical staff. The training of astronomers and technicians is badly needed, since good research work depends on modern technological equipment and the complicated software packages used in controlling such equipment and in data analysis. Good libraries are needed for promotion of astronomy especially, the Internet facilities available for the staff is very limited. The effects of culture are very clear; many authorities in developing countries believe that astronomy is a luxury. Finally, most of astronomers are engaged with a lot of administration for all matters, so the free time left for science is very limited.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly viewed as a strategic management tool for companies to draw in candidates. In this arena, international responsible rankings such as 'The Great Place to Work', 'Family Responsible Employer Index (FREE)' or 'The Best Companies for Working Mothers' put emphasis on the value of responsible behaviours, not only for surviving in the market, but also to 'win the war for talent'. Using a sample of Spanish University students, this research aims to analyse the process of selecting responsible organizations to work and whether there is a possible future conflict of interest by students between their own and organizational values. Surprisingly, the university students assessed two opposing situations with the highest values: of looking to change employer and of letting time pass in order to ignore the conflict. The implications of the students' assessments and the related factors which affect their decision-making criteria are explored in this article.


Davoudi and Ormerod talks about hope and despair at the time of pandemic. On Mar 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic, stressing that we're in this together. The trope, which is often elevated at the time of crisis, evokes different emotions and serves different purposes. On the one hand, it is an expression of solidarity and a call for global cooperation. On the other hand, it is an invocation of the parity of sufferings and sacrifices. In the context of the pandemic, it is used to suggest that the virus does not discriminate and can affect porters and cleaners as well as princes and prime ministers. However, this narrative overlooks the profoundly unequal health, social and economic impacts of the pandemic. More importantly, unlike the virus itself, which is novel and unknown, its uneven health, social and economic impacts are neither new nor unexpected.


Recently, it has been shown that applying MIMO technology, i.e. using multiple antennas at the transmit side and multiple antennas at the receive side, improves the performance of object detection and localization. In such scenarios, the spatial diversity specifically helps overcome the fading of cross section of the object leading to reduced probability of missed detection. Such phenomenon is in fact the dual of probability of bit error reduction in communication systems due to diversity gain. Despite the importance of such performance enhancement, this subject is not sufficiently investigated in the PCL (Passive Coherent Location) schemes, where the transmitters(or illuminators of opportunity) used for localization are already present in the environment. Especially in the case where the transmitters are working in a SFN (single frequency network) ,such as the DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial) signal, and all are transmitting the same signal, the situation becomes of higher importance. Obviously, the effect of SFN environment, invalidates the assumption of sending orthogonal waveforms traditionally used in localization schemes. In this paper, we design the Neyman-Pearson detector for a PCL scheme and show that we can achieve the desired diversity gain for such design as well


The maximum likelihood estimates of an ARMA model can be obtained by the Kalman filter based on the state-space representation of the model. This paper presents an algorithm for computing gradient of the log-likelihood by an extending the Kalman filter without resorting to the numerical difference. Three examples of seasonal adjustment model and ARMA model are presented to exemplified the specification of structural matrices and initial matrices. An extension of the algorithm to compute the Hessian matrix is also shown.


Coal tar method of the present invention belongs to the coal tar biogasification field of biotechnology; technical problem to be solved is to provide a method of coal tar by the gasification of coal tar organisms into methane gas may alternatively be utilized method; technical proposal is as follows: Add a volume of its coal tar feedstock Xianxiang 0.05% to 1% of the pretreatment liquid mixed uniformly standing 1-7D, pretreated coal tar obtained; the pretreated coal tar into a bioreactor, the bioreactor while maintaining anoxic or anaerobic environment, the inoculum was then added to the bioreactor, the inoculum comprises from 0.1% to 5% of the volume of the coal tar feedstock, uniformly stirred, biological material obtained solution; adjusting the pH of the biological material was 4-10, controlling the bioreactor temperature was 25 to 65 deg.] C, biological 1-30d, gasification gas obtained biological; biological the present invention is widely used in coal tar gasification field.


Due to developments in soil mechanics, the price of foundations for ordinary structures has decreased to 5 to 10 per cent of the overall price of the building, but it still remains relatively high, sometimes exceeding 30 %. In Estonia, this issue has been relevant for the past years. The first solution was to use wedged piles under agricultural buildings (barns, storage units etc). As a result, the concrete content of foundations decreased 30 to 60 %, and the rate of steel use went up by 50 %. Currently the cooperation between wedged piles and grillage is being researched, with the objective of lowering the price of foundations. ln weak soils, 2-8 m injection piles have been used under private houses, holiday homes and storage structures, but one can save in the cost of foundations that way. Light structures and storage units have often been erected on screw piles (the steel pipe of the pile 100x100x6 filled with concrete, the pile end a steel sheet 15-20 mm thick and (depending on load bearing capacity) 25-60 cm in diameter. These piles can receive pressure as tension and if designed with the cooperation of piles and grillage in mind, the cost of foundations will decrease 50-60%. All of these solutions have been in use in Estonian silt and sands, the screw piles also in weak soils, where they stand on the dense intermediary layers alternating in weak soils.


People have a natural need to classify and categorize things. This paper proposes a taxonomic classification of graphic characters and mascots, mostly of those that have been used commercially. Contrasting authors Clotilde Perez (2011) and Stephen Brown (2011) and also by systematic looking at the universe of found characters (GOMES, 2008), we established different basic forms for characters, herein named "the four archetypical morphologies". For Martha García (2015), mascots can be classified in:animals, objects or things, letters drawn, and the combination of these. It is evident the incompleteness in the classification of this author since in his article did not take into account the vegetables, which have relevant participation in the universe there treated. In fact, it is an incipient work on the subject and we only describe it here to illustrate the scarcity of references in this area. However, Perez (2011, p. 80) deals with the subject from a scientific perspective developed in his postdoctoral course, deserving careful detail regarding the theme that includes it in the scope of "brands" and it is with this work, added to the work of Brown (2011), that we contrast our analysis from the taxonomic bias. As a conclusion, we believe having included all the needs for a thorough classification of graphic beings, characters and mascots.


There are two-dimensional expanding shift radix systems (SRS) which have some periodic orbits. The aim of the present paper is to describe such unusual points as well as possible. We give all regions that contain parameters the corresponding SRS of which generate obvious cycles like $(1), (-1), (1,-1), (1,0), (-1,0)$. We prove that if $\mathbf{r}=(r_0,r_1)\in \mathbb{R}^2$ neither belongs to the aforementioned regions nor to the finite region $1\le r_0\le 4/3, -r_0 \le r_1 <r_0-1$, then $\tau_{\mathbf{r}}$ only has the trivial bounded orbit $\mathbf{0}$, which is a natural generalization of the established finiteness property for SRS with non-periodic orbits. The further reduction should be quite involving, because for all $1\le r_0< 4/3$ there exists at least one interval $I$ such that for the point $(r_0,r_1)$ this is not true whenever $r_1\in I$.


In the Netherlands, as in a number of other countries, drunkdriving is a serious problem. Research has demonstrated that in 1985 185 (=14%) deaths and 3585 (=9%) instances of serious inju ries occur which are directly attributable to alcohol use while driving (1). In the last fifteen years, both private organizai, tions and governmental agencies have intensified activities aimed at combatting this problem. One effect of these efforts has been that public opinion is presently sharply censorious of drunken driving: more than 90% of the Dutch population considers it to be an important problem (2). This disapproval does not, however, prevent a portion of that same population from getting behind the wheel after they have been drinking. During a weekend, for exam ple, one out of eight drivers is drunken (blood-alcohol level


In the wake of the Spanish American War, the United States became a world power. How consciously the USA pursued global ambitions is the subject of intense scholarly debate. This article examines US strategic policy toward Cuba in 1899 and argues that the USA prioritized stability and left US commanders to infer via a process of experimentation the true strategic direction of US policy in Cuba.


This study was conducted in order to: a) investigate the relationship of selected anthropometric, strength, and kinematic variables to the incidence of patellofemoral stress syndrome in high school female athletes; and b) develop a predictive equation to screen individuals who may bepredisposed topatellofemoral stress syndrome. Twenty-nine subjects were analyzed across nine dependent variables: two anthropometric measures, one strength measure, and six kinematic measures. Heavy subjects and those with a larger static quadriceps angle (Q-angle) were more likety to have patellofemoral stress syndrome. Leg strength did not seem to be afactor. Also, a variable ofgait, the timefromfoot contact to the time when the minimum dynamic Q-angle occurred, was significantly slower in the subjects withpatellofemoral stresssyndrome. Furthermore, a predictive equation, which we created using discriminant analysis, was 89% accurate inpredicting which subjects would or would not have patellofemoral stress syndrome. The equation uses an individual's weight,pelvic width, andstatic Q-angle. We conclude that, throughproper Robert Moss is assistant professor andprogram director ofthe graduate athletic training curriculum in the Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI. PaulDeVita is assistantprofessorand director of the Biomechanics Laboratory in theDepartmentofPhysicalEducation at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL. Mary Dawson isprofessor and director ofthe Biomechanics Laboratory in the DepartmentoflHealth,PhysicalEducation andRecreation at Western Michigan University. screening, individuals susceptible to patellofemoral stress syndrome may be identified prior to their becoming symptomatic, and that, through identifying causal variables, corrective procedures may be introduced in order to prevent patellofemoral stress syndrome from hindering an individual's physical activity. T here are many orthopedic problems that require anthropometric and biomechanical scrutiny in order to determine specific causes of pathology. Patellofemoral stress syndrome serves as a prime example, because it is a source of pain and discomfort to many who participate in physical activity. Anterior knee pain occurs mostcommonly in adolescentfemales (7,8,24). Researchers of the etiology of this problem have agreed that there are many potential causes of patellofemoral stress syndrome (10,14,17,20). Past studies (15,26,27,33) have used expensive, noninvasiveroentgenographic techniques, as well as invasive surgical procedures, to look at the relationship between the patella and femur. Most of these studies have involved static analysis (5,10,22), internal scrutiny of structural components (25,27), passive dynamic analysis with cadaveric knees (2,16), and clinical observation (3,13,23). From these studies, factors hypothesized to belinked with patellofemoral stress syndrome are: weak vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), large quadriceps angle (Q-angle), increased pronation, shallow femoral sulcus,abnormally shaped patella, hypoplasic lateral femoral condyle, tight lateral retinaculum, variable length and width ofthe patellar tendon, and tight hamstrings. For this study we performed functional, dynamic research that would corroborate hypotheses based upon past clinical, static, and passive dynamic studies. The conditions surrounding the biomechanical testing setting were intended to closely approximate the actual circumstances of injury. Observing the resultant movements and using biomechanical techniques, in particular cinematography, allowed us to quantify the variables in question. Materials and Methods For the investigation, we selected 44 high school female athletes (age = 16.1 ± 1.3 yr). We divided them into three unequally sized groups. SubjectsforGroupI, the symptomatic subjects, met the following criteria: (a) no health problems except patellofemoral stress syndrome as diagnosed by a physician, and (b) participation in ahigh school sportthatrequires running. Fourteen of the subjects were diagnosed as having either unilateral or bilateral patellofemoral stress syndrome, providing us with 21 symptomatic knees for analysis. Subjects in Group II, the asymptomatic subjects, were healthy high school athletes. This group contained 15 subjects, therefore 30 asymptomatic knees. Group IH, the verification subjectgroup was composed of 15 subjects, eight with patellofemoral stress syndrome. They provided us with 14 asymptomatic knees and ten symptomatic knees. Note that the six asymptomatic knees that had contralateral symptomatic knees were not included in the division of this asymptomatic group. Group Im was used exclusively for verifying the predictive equations created from Groups I and II. Based on previous research and for the purpose ofthe investigation, we identified nine variables (Table I) related to or descriptive of an individual with patellofemoral stress syndrome. We selectedtwo anthropometric variables, weight and static Q-angle. We obtained strength data from a Cybex II dynamometer and dual channel 64 Volume 27 * Number 1 u 1992 * Journal of Athletic Training Table 1.-Means, Standard Deviatons, and Statistical Comparisons forAll Variables Variable Asymptomatic Symptomatic df t p Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Value Value Weight (N) 515(63) 612(69) 44 4.97 0.001* Static Q-angle 15.2(2.3) 17.1(2.7) 44 2.71 0.01* (degrees) Maximum quadrceps 2.55(.37) 2.45(.40) 44 .83 0.21 strength (Nm/kg)** Maximum pronation 12.0(3.4) 12.3(3.5) 44 .40 0.39 (degrees) Time to maximum 0.094(.021) 0.106(.021) 44 1.78 0.04 pronation (s) Velocity at maximum 166.1(46.5) 134.8(49.5) 44 2.21 0.02 pronation (degrees/sec) Minimum dynamic 9.5(4.2) 7.1(4.3) 44 1.78 0.04 Q-angle (degrees) Time to minimum 0.099(.02) 0.127(.025) 44 4.03 0,001* dynamic Q-angle (a) Q-angle at maximum 10.9(3.9) 8.5(3.9) 44 2.01 0.025 pronation (degrees) *Significant at 0.01 level "Strength as a ratio of peak torque to body weight The following body points were digitized with a Vanguard M-16C projector motion analyzer and a SAC Graf/Pen GP8 sonic digitizer: (a) a mark on the running shorts representing the anterior superior iliac spine, the midpoint of the patella, and the tibial tubercleforthefrontview, and (b) two points on a line segment bisecting the lowerleg and two points on aline bisecting the calcaneus (Fig 1, Fig 2) for the rear view. Three footfalls for both lower extremities were digitized for each subject. Selection offootfalls was based upon ease of recognition of landmarks for digitizing. Each point was digitized three times, visually checked for outlying values, and averaged to provide greater reliability. Each trial was digitized from the frame before


OUTSTANDING COLLECTIONS OFFINEARTserve to enhance and to interpret aspects of life. They give pleasure and prestige to a nation, a civic authority, or a patron. Further more, their value has increased both in terms of current and real prices; so, a collection, like that of the Fawkes at Farnley Hall, in Wharfedale, became a significant part of their capital assets. The strength of the estate was reflected in the growth and maintenance of the collection up to 1889. Sales of paintings and drawings, in and after 1890, mirrored the increasing pressures on landowners, who found it difficult to keep a great estate intact under quickly changing conditions. It is the intention of this paper first, briefly, to set the Fawkes family in their economic and social context: second, to indicate the range and the quality of the fine art which graced the walls of Farnley Hall, of 45, Grosvenor Place, London, and of Leathley Hall. Third, an assessment will be made of Walter Ramsden Hawksworth Fawkes's reasons for buying paintings. Fourth, some indication will be given of the impact which art had on the family, their guests, and on a wider public in Leeds and London. Finally, it will be possible to throw some light on the increasing value of the Farnley Hall collection, on the realisation of some assets in fine art, and on the reasons for the sales from 1890 to 1937.


The paper aims at analysing whether the evolution of options, futures and other derivatives is an effect of a wider impact of the evolution of financial market and economic theories upon legal system. This constitutes, however, a part of a wider topic, namely the legal approach to risk, uncertainty and speculation. Thus it is crucial to examine whether recent regulation of financial markets and exempting such transactions as options, futures or swaps, performed by set-off from the existing anti-speculative regulation (or abolishing of the majority of anti-speculative rules) may have a wider impact on the notion of risk in law and theory of regulation.


A new switching dc-to-dc converter is synthesized which consists of the least number of storage elements (inductive and capacitive) and switches, and yet truly emulates the ideally desired dc-to-dc transformer having both input and output currents as pure dc quantities with no ripple. This result was facilitated by implementation of a new concept termed integrated magnetics, which leads in some special switching structures to the integration of otherwise independent and separate magnetic components (inductors and transformers) into a single magnetic circuit.


It is obvious for increasing the power system stability and the power transfer capability to install the series capacitor compensation(SC)on the existing 500 kV transmission lines, but the problems under construction need to be conquered such as the layout planning, outage time and removal of parts of equipments etc. Through looking back and summarizing the construction course of 'SC for Da-Fang 500 kV transmission line' and 'SC for Feng-Wan-Shun 500 kV transmission line' projects, two kinds of SC installation mode, in the middle of existing transmission lines and in the existing substations, were compared. The difficulties in the construction were analyzed carefully. The difficulties in the construction course of these two projects were solved efficiently, and these projects were put into operation on time and were good in operation. SC for 500 kV transmission lines is a new technique with more economic, reliable and practical advantages, which can be used widely in existing transmission lines.


Deformable objects are omnipresent in our everyday life. In order to create believable virtual worlds in computer graphics that capture and creatively extend our familiar perception of reality, it is indispensable to reflect physical deformation behavior in a faithful, yet simple and efficient manner. In this thesis we revisit and extend FEM-based simulation techniques in each of its main components in order to achieve more flexible numerical handling, to unify the specialized geometry-dependent simulation codes, and to provide artists with better directabilty of simulation outcomes. The first part focuses on different discretization schemes in order to enable arbitrary polyhedral elements as simulation primitives for FEM, achieve convergent meshless simulations requiring just simple point sets as discretization structures, and enable feature preservation at sub-element scales. The novel methods result in considerably simpler handling of topological changes in the case of cutting or fracturing events, or when refining resolution in adaptive simulations. This discretization flexibility is achieved by employing recent advances in geometric interpolation schemes that enable the definition of suitable simulation subspaces. In the second part we focus on specialized simulation codes for different types of object geometries. Building up on the meshless approach of the first part, we follow the method of resultant-based formulation to its logical extreme and derive a higher-order integration rule, or elaston, measuring stretching, shearing, bending, and twisting along any axis. The theory and accompanying implementation do not distinguish between forms of different dimension (solids, shells, rods), nor between manifold regions and non-manifold junctions. Consequently, a single code accurately models a diverse range of elastoplastic behaviors, including buckling, writhing, cutting and merging. The third part of the thesis then concentrates on constitutive relation — how material responds to deformation — and proposes an example-based approach for simulating complex elastic material behavior. Supplied with a few poses that characterize a given object, the system starts by constructing a space of preferred deformations by means of interpolation. During simulation, this example manifold then acts as an additional elastic attractor that guides the object toward its space of preferred shapes. Added on top of existing solid simulation codes, this example potential


Objective To examine the prevalence of and risk factors for syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 16 cities/districts, 6 provinces in China. Methods Based on a previous survey on the entertainment place and population size of MSM, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007 using non-probability sampling method among MSM in 16 cities/districts in China.Information about the demography,risk behavior and syphilis infection was collected through questionnaires from MSM. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate independent factors associated with syphilis. Results A total of 4211 participants were recruited. The mean age of these participants was 28 years. Among them, 66.7% were self identified as homosexual, 72.5% were unmarried, and 76.4% had an education beyond senior middle school; in the past 6 months, 8.7% had sexual contact with more than 10 male sex partners, 5.6% had ever paid for male sex service, 11.3% had provided commercial sex service to males, and 18.9% had sexual contact with females, while condom was consistently used in only 36.3% of male-to-male anal sexual behavior. Syphilis was diagnosed in 10.6% of these participants. The risk factors independently associated with syphilis included being older than 25 years (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95% CI:1.3-2.0), local residency (adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.7), being recruited from a bar or a park (adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7), having ever paid for a male sex service(adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1),inconsistent condom use during male-to-male anal sexual behavior(adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.5 ), self reported sexually transmitted infection history (adjusted OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.7). Conclusions There is a high prevalence of syphilis in MSM in the 16 Chinese cities where male-to-male commercial sex service and unsafe sexual behavior are common. Further efforts are urgently needed to scale-up the prevention of and treatment program for syphilis among MSM, which should include syphilis and HIV screening as well as education on the use of condom.

Key words:
Syphilis;  Homosexuality, male;  Sexual behavior;  Data collection


Forest fire is one form of the disorder occur more frequently. The negative impact caused by forest fires large enough cover ecological damage, declining biodiversity, the decline in the economic value of forest and soil productivity, changes in micro and global climate  and the smoke damage the health of people and disrupting transport by land, river, lake, sea and air. Given the impact of the forest fires, the efforts to protect the forest areas is very important. In an effort to control forest fires it is essential to map vulnerability to wildfires prepared to know which areas have the potential for fires. The purpose of this study was to map the vulnerability of land and forest fires in an effort to support the establishment of forest fire management strategy. Through a vulnerability map wildfires can provide vulnerability information to policy-making forest fire prevention / fire control and is expected to be the basis in prevention efforts as early as possible. The study was conducted from June until  July 2014 and the case study research in Rokan Hilir Regency.  Results of mapping the vulnerability of land and forest fires shows that most areas of Rokan Hilir Regency  has a severe impact and the level of vulnerability is very high. Low-prone areas have extensive 9152.55 hectares (1.01%), the rate of moderate-prone area of 158,943.95 hectares (17.49%), high-level-prone area of 382,448.62 hectares (42.08%) and very high levels of vulnerability with an area of 358,374.00 hectares (39.43%).


Background  Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with abnormal vascular expansion in the papillary dermis. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is a proinflammatory cytokine that can induce antiapoptotic proteins and endothelial cell activation factors in psoriasis.


Marine Triassic sedimentary rocks crop out in northern Alaska at scattered localities in a belt that extends from Cape Thompson and the DeLong Mountains on the west, eastward along the north front of the Brooks Range across the drainages of the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers, and then northeastward to the Shublik and Romanzof Mountains of northeasternmost Alaska. Respective parts of this outcrop belt are designated as western (W), central (C), or eastern (E). Although highly condensed, especially on the west, the Triassic is nearly completely represented. From study of the U.S. Geological Survey collections, distinctive successive ammonoid and pectenacid bivalve faunas, with their ages and stratigraphic occurrences, are: (1) Otoceras of early Griesbachian and Ophiceras and Claraia stachei of late Griesbachian age, lower Ivishak Member of Sadlerochit formation (E); (2) Euflemingites romunderi fauna of early Smithian age, upper Ivishak Member of Sadlerochit formation (E) and "shale member of Shublik formation" (C); (3) Leiophyllites fauna of probable early Anisian age, "shale member of Shublik" (C and W?); (4) Daonella frami and/or D. degeeri of early Ladinian age, lower Shublik formation (E) and lower "chert member of Shublik" (C and W); (5) Leptochondria nationalis fauna of probably early Karnian age, middle of Shublik formation (E), correlative in part with Halobia cf. H. zitteli occurrences in "chert member of Shublik" (C and W); (6) Arctosirenites canadensis fauna of late Karnian age, middle of Shublik formation (E), correlative in part with Halobia cf. H. ornatissima occurrences in "chert member of Shublik" (C and W); (7) Monotis typica of early (?) and early middle Norian age, "Shublik formation" (W); (8) Monotis pinensis, M. obtusicostata, and/or Halobia fallax of middle Norian age, upper Shublik formation (E) and "limestone member of Shublik" (C and W); (9) Monotis ochotica ochotica and/or M. subcircularis of late Norian age, upper Shublik formation (E) and "limestone member of Shublik" (C and W); and (10) Monotis ochotica pachypleura of late Norian or younger Triassic age, uppermost "Shublik formation" (C and W). These faunas have much in common with those from along the Yukon River in east-central Alaska and from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and eastern Asia, but they contrast strongly with Triassic faunas of southern Alaska and the Pacific margin of North America. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2504------------


Hyperspectral unmixing remains one of the most challenging tasks in the analysis of such data. Deep learning has been blooming in the field and proved to outperform other classic unmixing techniques, and it can be effectively deployed onboard Earth observation satellites equipped with hyperspectral imagers. In this letter, we follow this research pathway and propose a multibranch convolutional neural network that benefits from fusing spectral, spatial, and spectral–spatial features in the unmixing process. The results of our experiments, backed up with the ablation study, revealed that our techniques outperform others from the literature and lead to higher quality fractional abundance estimation. Also, we investigated the influence of reducing the training sets on the capabilities of all algorithms and their robustness against noise, as capturing large and representative ground-truth sets is time-consuming and costly in practice, especially in emerging Earth observation scenarios.


Objective: In this study, virtual reality was adopted to consider ergonomic factors in yacht design. Virtual human which is the same actual human was created in virtual environment using Digital Human Modeling which has been used in the manufacturing communities to design better workplaces and maximize the safety of workers. Background: During the past 40 years yachting has expanded from being, generally speaking, a minority sport - too expensive for the large majority of people - into a major recreational activity practiced by millions all over the world. Many new yacht designs have appeared and number of professional, as well as amateur designers has increased steadily. But they had not considered ergonomic factors in yacht design. Method: Worker's posture, traffic line and workload had been analyzed in sailing yacht. After the caution level was evaluated, we pointed out clues which had high workload and interference. To reduce workload, we applied ergonomic principles for improving working conditions and environments in Digital Human Model. Results: We found the space problems and workload of postures. Conclusion: (1) Unnatural posture of crews was sustained. (2) Workload that occurs in the human body was overloaded. (3) Crew's work space was very narrow. Application: This study will be applied the new ergonomic design of yacht.


How does western Marxism influence the study of the Hebrew Bible? Through the work of scholars such as Norman Gottwald and David Jobling. The influence of both scholars is traced by using a Marxist dialectical method that seeks out contradictions, class conflict, ideology, and mode of production. Gottwald's work is characterized by a series of fruitful contradictions: dispassionate style and passionate content, tributary and communitarian modes of production, capitalism and democratic socialism and historiography and utopian writing. Jobling has moved from an earlier structuralist phase to a Marxist poststructuralism with a specific focus on liberationist hermeneutics. The basic contradiction is the use of First World critics to articulate a politics that looks outside that context. These problems are symptomatic of the tensions and class conflicts that face biblical critics working within late capitalism.


This brief mainly deals with the issue of guaranteed cost impulsive synchronization of uncertain multi-agent systems from the multiplex network prospective, where the uncertain time-varying system parameters are supposed to be norm-bounded. By means of a group of linear matrix inequalities, the effective guaranteed cost impulsive control is designed to not only ensure that the trajectories of all followers synchronize with the leader, but also guarantee that the control cost is no higher than an upper bound of the quadratic guaranteed cost function. Numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of theoretical results.


In this paper, we investigate the suitability of state-of-the-art representation learning methods to the analysis of behavioral similarity of moving individuals, based on CDR trajectories. The core of the contribution is a novel methodological framework, mob2vec, centered on the combined use of a recent symbolic trajectory segmentation method for the removal of noise, a novel trajectory generalization method incorporating behavioral information, and an unsupervised technique for the learning of vector representations from sequential data. mob2vec is the result of an empirical study conducted on real CDR data through an extensive experimentation. As a result, it is shown that mob2vec generates vector representations of CDR trajectories in low dimensional spaces which preserve the similarity of the mobility behavior of individuals.


The molten salt has been widely used in concentrated solar power generation as an effective high-temperature heat transfer and heat storage working fluid. However, due to the concentrating characteristic of tower receiver, the solar flux distribution of molten salt receiver is extremely non-uniform, and thus the circumferential non-uniform heat flux has a prominent effect on the heat transfer performance and reliability of traditional solar molten salt receiver tube (TRT). In this contribution, in order to solve above problems, we propose some novel folded flow tubes (NFTs), which add a partition in the tube and seal the top with end cap so that the inflow and outflow of the fluid can only proceed from the same cross-section. Then, we apply the binary nitrate (solar salt) as heat transfer fluid, which is a mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. Firstly, we analyze some effects such as flow parameters, structure and heat flux loading direction on the convective heat transfer performance of the NFTs. The results show that the circumferential temperature difference of NFTs is about 17 ~ 92k lower than that of TRT, and the molten salt temperature distribution is more uniform accordingly. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient is increased about 88.37% ∼ 122.85%, which can provide a guidance for the structural optimization of practical solar molten salt receivers to improve the heat transfer performance and reliability.


In a modern society, we are surrounded by state-of-the-art technologies that help our lives more convenient and secure than ever before. With the advancement from the fourth industrial revolution, sensor networks are added to our already well-connected society and now we are practically living in a super connected society where everything is communicating with each other. However, when it comes to the delivery of healthcare, the connectivity becomes challenging and patients suffer from the discontinuity of clinical information due to lack of communication and fragmented and isolated care delivery from within and across care settings. The resulting consequences include poor patient outcome, astronomical medical expenses and even deaths by preventable medical mistakes. According to the research from Johns Hopkins University (2016), there have been about 250,000 deaths reported per year by preventable medical mistakes. Also the US government spends more than a trillion dollars for treating chronic diseases using tax payers' money and the amount could reach $6 trillion by 2050 if no action such as rigorous preventive care is taken. The preventable medical mistakes indicated that there is a failure in the coordination among the caregivers and in sharing of the medical records at right time, with right people, in right place. The astronomical medical expense suggested that effective and accessible preventive care must be provided to each individual before any serious disease is fully developed. In this talk, Id like to discuss about current applicable health IT technologies and their applications for the delivery of smart and connected healthcare for everyone.


ens, dinocephales et dicynodontes. Ann. PaleontoI. (Vertebres) 58:17-77. ROBINSON, P. L. 1971. A problem of faunal replacement on Permo-Triassic continents. Palaeontology 14:131-153. RUSSELL, D. A. 1967. A census of dinosaur specimens collected in western Canada. Nat. Mus. Can. Nat. Hist. Paper 36: 1-13. 1969. A new specimen of Stenonychosaurus from the Oldman Formation (Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Earth Sci. 6:595612. 1972. Ostrich dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 9:375--402. RUSSELL, L. S. 1966. The changing environment of the dinosaurs in North America. Advane, Sci. 1966:197-204. SCHAEFFER, B. 1967. Comments on elasmobranch evolution, p. 3-35 In Gilbert, Mathewson, and Rail (eds.), Sharks, skates and rays. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore. SCHAEFFER, B., AND D. E. ROSEN. 1961. Major adaptive levels in the evolution of the actinopterygian feeding mechanism. Amer. ZooI. 1: 187-204. STANLEY, S. M. 1968. Post-Paleozoic adaptive radiation of infaunal bivalve molluscs-a consequence of mantle fusion and siphon formation. J. PaleontoI. 42:214-229. THOMSON, K. S. 1966. The evolution of the tetrapod middle ear in the rhipidistian-amphibian transition. Amer. ZooI. 6:379-397. THULBORN, R. A. 1971. Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature 234: 75-78. VERMEIJ, G. J. 1971. Gastropod evolution and morphological diversity in relation to shell geometry. J. ZooI. London 163: 15-23.


The purpose of this research was to identify several features of the unemployment phenomenon in the SE region of Romania, using several of the most significant indicators highlighting the main correlations between specific labour market indicators and an indicator by which we can assess the economic development degree of a country. The resulted regression equations, tested from the point of view of their significance, allow, on the one hand, the assessment of the existing situation and, on the other hand, the performance of the forecasting calculations required to develop different scenarios and strategies for attracting investments and EU funds in order to reduce the number of the unemployed and to absorb higher education graduates on the labour market.


Genital herpes in pregnancy frequently complicates management, although neonatal herpes, a potentially catastrophic complication, is rare1,2. Maternal acquisition of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 near the time of delivery accounts for most neonatal herpes. Neonatal HSV incidence has been stable in recent decades, although a shift toward more HSV-1 infections has been reported1,3. Concurrently, a decline in HSV-1 seroprevalence, but not HSV-2, has been noted among reproductive-aged women in nationwide surveys4,5. We determined trends in the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among pregnant women delivering in a single urban academic center during two decades in Seattle, Washington.


During the second half of the twentieth century there were several technological revolutions around the world, one of the most important being the supplanting of telecommunication over copper wires by optical transmission over glass fibers. Advances in optical fiber technology have been spectacular in the past 30 years but still there is more to come. Photonic fiber structures will create a radically new era of fiber optic communication. In this paper the rapid growth of optical fiber technology is reviewed and its possible new directions in communication are discussed.


Background: Spirituality is a multifaceted concept. In this thesis, spirituality is understood as an overarching term and a core of a person´s being. Religiosity is seen as one of many expressions ...


This paper is about spacial representations of the Brazilian Empire under chorographical perspective. In analysing some writings attributed to Raimundo Jose da Cunha Matos, a expeditionary soldier who describes Minas Gerais' landscape between 1830 and 1850 decades, we aim understand how the transformations in brazilian imperial mosaic had affected the ways of recognizing territory and their parts. At least, the main idea exposes that knowing the territories is inseparably producting then.


Spatial nuclear DNA heterogeneity distribution of Feulgen‐stained DNA diploid cells was studied by image cytometry in voided urine of 119 patients without bladder tumour (n=20) and with initial (n=23) or previous (n=76) diagnosed bladder tumour. For each patient, repetitive DNA measurements were performed during 1–4 years of follow up. Only cells of diploid DNA histograms and diploid subpopulations of aneuploid DNA histograms were used for analysis. DNA heterogeneity distribution of these diploid cells was quantified by statistical parameters of each nuclear optical density distribution. Discriminant analysis was performed on three groups of DNA histograms. Group A (n=44): aneuploid DNA histograms of patients with bladder tumour. Group D (n=55): 38 diploid DNA histograms of the 20 patients without bladder tumour (subgroup D1) and 17 diploid DNA histograms of patients with a non‐recurrent bladder tumour (subgroup D2). Group R (n=27): diploid DNA histograms of patients with bladder tumour recurrence. No statistically significant discriminant function was found to separate D1 and D2. However, the first canonical discriminant function C1 differentiated diploid cells of diploid DNA histograms (group D and group R) from diploid cell subpopulations of aneuploid DNA histograms (group A). Mean C1 values were 1.06, 0.84 and –1.45 for groups R, D and A, respectively. The second canonical discriminant function C2 differentiated diploid DNA histograms of patients with bladder tumour recurrence (group R) from diploid DNA histograms of patients without bladder tumour or without bladder tumour recurrence (group D). Mean C2 values were 1.78 and –0.76 for groups R and D, respectively. In 95% confidence limit, the rate of rediscrimination using the two first canonical discriminant functions C1 and C2 were 86.4, 74.5 and 74.1% for groups A, D and R, respectively. Percent of "grouped" cases correctly classified was 78.6%. Thus spatial DNA heterogeneity distribution of diploid cells seems to quantitate probable genetic instability as a function of clinical evolution such as tumour recurrence, and suggests the possible presence of aneuploid stemlines in a heterogeneous tumour, even if a diploid DNA histogram is observed in a single sample. From standardized C1 and C2 canonical discriminant function coefficients, a DNA heterogeneity index (2c‐HI) is proposed to characterize diploid cells providing a descriptive and predictive discriminant factor for solid tumour behaviour.


The Electrically Controlled Rotor(ECR),or the so-called swashplateless rotor, is a new concept rotor system brought out at the beginning of the 21st century. To explore the control rules of ECR,first an aeroelastics analysis model is built up.Based on the model,research of the steady control response of SA349 baseline ECR is conducted.The following conclusions are reached:(1) ECR flap control can effectively change the blade pitch,and the time lag is about 0.1 rotary cycle;(2) In the forward flight,the flap collective control will cause significant blade cyclic pitch change;(3) The blade response of flap cyclic control is just similar to that of the conventional rotor.The flap collective and cyclic control experiments are also carried out at a set of testing ECR system.The tests results show good forecast ability of the ECR analysis model and the feasibility of ECR in the practical rotor control.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the pollutant reduction effect for non-irrigated crop land by nonpoint source pollution control. For a field scale monitoring, 6 plots (5m width and 22m length) and 3 sediment traps were installed. At the outlet of each plot, the stage gauges were installed f...


Six observers, experienced in telerobotic operations, were used across four replicated studies of remote performance of a simulated space station assembly task. An alignment/insertion task was performed with a remotely operated manipulator arm viewed either directly or through stereoscopic or monoscopic TV viewing systems. Target position, space light, and learning effects were also assessed by measures of task time and manipulator collisions. Performance with Stereo view was significantly superior to that with Mono in Experiments 1, 2, and 4. It's superiority fell below required significance levels in Experiment 3 due to of the accumulation of practice effects across the first two studies. Experiment 4, in which the left-right positions of manipulator arm and task element were reversed, reestablished the strong superiority of Stereo view over Mono. These results clearly show the superiority of Stereo TV over Mono viewing systems. They suggest that learning can also improve performance under Mono view when accompanied by Direct view and Stereo view experience, but such learning is specific to the perceptual and motor conditions that were present in practice. Space lighting was not significant in the two studies in which it was assessed.


Aerothermnal design capability for cooled high pressure turbines depends on resolving complex physical processes such as coolant mixing, coupled fluid-solid convection-conduction heat transfer, and their interactions. This paper presents the development of the generalised Immersed Mesh Block 2 (IMB2) method, which allows high resolution predictions of all these processes to be conducted for a fully cooled turbine stage within a couple of days. The method consists of creating high density meshes of cooling holes to capture the high flow gradients in the fluid domain and separately, generating corresponding meshes for the local metal layer with high temperature gradient. These can then be inserted rapidly into a host turbine domain for conjugate heat transfer as immersed mesh blocks for fluids (IMBf) and metals (IMBm). In this way, conjugate heat transfer meshes of entire rows of cooling holes can be generated and inserted into a host mesh within minutes. The composite domain is then solved with simultaneous coupling between all the fluid and metal IMBs, as well as the host mesh. The paper presents the methodology of this approach and demonstrates its application to a transonic, fully cooled nozzle guide vane.Copyright © 2013 by Rolls-Royce plc


Abstract In this paper we describe and illustrate the nesting behaviour, egg and larvae of all three instars of Synapsis yunnanus Arrow 1933. Two nests of S. yunnanus were observed in Northern Yunnan, China. The nest is subterranean and paracoprid, with female present in the nest chamber after oviposition. The brood ball is covered with a compacted layer of soil, and the egg chamber is proximal, situated in dung. Six brood balls were found in each nest. Larvae are compared with the only other species known in larval stage, S. tmolus (Fischer von Waldheim 1821). We identify differences between individual larval instars of S. yunnanus and provide an identification key to individual instars. Shape of anal plate of L3 found shortly after ecdysis is different from the plate of older larvae and therefore its value as differential character is limited. We also discuss the function of egg-bursters and the course of hatching, functions of the stipital "pars stridens" and of the raster on abdominal sternum X, and problems with the assessment of the generic diagnosis of Synapsis Bates 1868 larvae.


Human temporal bones from 175 ears from 110 individuals were sectioned horizontally to measure aberration in the course of the internal carotid artery and to observe dehiscence of the carotid canal. Aberration in the course of the carotid artery was not observed, dehiscence of the cartoid canal was found in 56 ears (32%), and dehiscence of more than 0.4 mm in diameter was found in 24 ears (13.7%). The incidence of dehiscence increased with increasing age, and ears with dehiscence of the carotid canal of more than 0.3 mm showed a tendency to have been obtained from individuals with a history of hypertension. The present findings highlight the frequent occurrence of dehiscence and indicate that during surgical procedures close attention should be paid to the eradication of inflammatory granulation tissue or cholesteatoma matrix from the tympanic orifice of the Eustachian tube.


In 1991, Persi Diaconis and Daniel Stroock obtained two canonical path bounds on the second largest eigenvalue for simple random walk on a connected graph, the Poincar\'e and Cheeger bounds, and they raised the question as to whether the Poincar\'e bound is always superior. In this paper, we present some background on these issues, provide an example where Cheeger beats Poincar\'e, establish some sufficient conditions on the canonical paths for the Poincar\'e bound to triumph, and show that there is always a choice of paths for which this happens.


Normally,it is much complicated and difficult to design energy dissipation of hydropower station with large discharge.On surface and middle orifice local hydraulic model of spillway dam,energy dissipation capacity,velocity,flow pattern,pressure distribution and related hydraulic problems of Myitsone hydropower station were studied.Practicable discharging structure and stilling pool pattern were put forward through comparison and optimization of over ten schemes.The study results show that the schemes of canceling flaring gate pier and adopting declined pattern stilling pool could decrease the velocity of stilling pool base slab efficiently;at the same time diminish water wing hitting guide wall so as to obtain satisfying energy dissipation effect.The study results provide better reference scheme for engineering design and have much inspirational effect on similar projects.


To the Editor,

A one-year-old boy was referred for randomly detected hyperamylasemia. Physical examination was completely normal, including growth parameters. Medical history and family history were unremarkable. In laboratory, the repeated serum amylases were found elevated with the values of 280 IU/mL, 290 IU/mL and 310 IU/mL (N: 10–90 IU/mL) together with a lower urine amylase level of 10.5 IU/mL (N: 25–500 IU/mL). The complete blood count, acute-phase reactants, liver–renal–thyroid functional tests, serum lipase and immunoglobulins were normal. Antibodies against endomysium, gliadin, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, nucleus and dsDNA were negative. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scans were normal. According to these normal findings, hyperamylasemia due to macroamylasemia (MA) was found in patient. An informed consent form to research was obtained from parents. At analysis for MA, a precipitated activity was 87% at polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation (MA>60%) (1).

Macroenzymes are complexes of serum enzymes commonly with immunoglobulins or lipoproteins that have a higher moleculer weight. Macroamylase is the most common macroenzyme, in which pancreatic or salivary amylase binds to plasma proteins and cannot be excreted by renal glomeruli. Macroamylasemia may be seen either isolated or associated with a variety of disorders, such as IgA deficiency, celiac disease, lymphoma, carcinoma, systemic lupus erithematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease and various autoimmune diseases (2–4). The pathogenesis of macroenzyme formation in these diseases is estimated by 'antigen-driven' theory: a self-antigen is altered or released from a sequestered site in the body and cross-reacts with an antibody initially formed against a foreign antigen. A second theory is the 'dysregulation of immune tolerance, which is likely to occur in autoimmune disorders (4). The cross-reactivity to either gluten-related or other antigens resulting in autoantibody formation against pancreatic serum amylase at intestinal level is considered (5). The elevated serum amylase, low 24-hour urine amylase and reduced ratio of amylase clearance / creatinine clearance are important at diagnosis. It has been shown that PEG precipitation is also a precise method in the detection of MA by purifying protein from macromolecules more easily and quickly (1). Due to the problem at urine collection, PEG precipitation was preferred in this case. It was considered as isolated MA due to the absence of associated disorders. In conclusion, MA is generally a benign condition, but associated potential disorders should be considered at follow-up. The case highlights the dilemma of additional invasive explorations and unnecessary treatments by differentiating MA from other situations associated to hyperamylasemia.


An isolated polypeptide comprising an imaging agent and a radionuclide chelator conjugation; wherein the isolated polypeptide specifically binds HER2, or a variant thereof; and methods of making and using these imaging agents.


This paper presents a hierarchical and cooperative control strategy for AC/DC hybrid systems including multi-infeed HVDC with the simulation results of a test system in order to improve the efficiency of this strategy. Each control layer of the control strategy has its own task respectively. The AC/DC cooperative control layer takes the charge of developing optimal-variableaim cooperative control rule based on the power modulation of HVDC and generator excitation control. The DC cooperative layer implements optimization and regulation of the control parameters of the multi-infeed HVDC systems.


Taking as our starting point Merton's (1942/1973) defense of science facing pressures from totalitarian regimes, we argue that today's challenge to the integrity of management scholarship does not ...


The chlorocarbenoid reagent prepared from methylene dichloride and sodium bistrimethylsilylamide adds, at least in part, to the central double bond of heptafulvalene, and the intermediate chlorocyclopropane ionises to give the title cation (3a). Chloro(phenyl)carbene and dichlorocarbene behave similarly to give the 8-phenyl and 8-chloro cations. The title cation is one of the most stable hydrocarbon cations yet prepared.


The membrane bioreactor(MBR) has received great attention in wastewater treatment and recovery for years.However,the membrane pollution in the function was not resolved thoroughly.The influencing factors were systemicly discussed in three aspects,such as the properties of membrane material,the properties of mixed liquor of activated sludge and the operation conditions.The technical measures for effectively reducing membrane fouling were summarized,and the prospect of membrane bioreactor application were presented.


The conception of independent exergy evaluation of temperature and humidity control in HVAC systems is proposed with the corresponding evaluation indexes presented. This type of evaluation process is illustrated in an air conditioning system with primary return air from the view of thermodynamics. The results show that exergy efficiency of sensible heat is larger than that of latent heat. The reason lies in the fact that the destructions in reheat process and condensed water are very serious. It is concluded that the surface air cooler is not an energy-saving equipment in respect of exergy utilization, and the regeneration of the supply air stream at the state of dew point would improve its exergy efficiency of latent heat. The analysis indicates that this independent exergy evaluation is benefit for the exergy evaluation for HVAC systems, and it provides effective resolutions.


Microalgae is one of the most potential bio-fuel feedstock.This paper discussed progress in producing bio-oil of microalgae,including microalgae oil extraction,microalgae liquefaction and some other new types of liquefied technologies such as super-critical liquefaction,microwave pyrolysis and thermochemical catalytic liquefaction. The characteristics and advantage of current technology were described,and the main trends in the future were prospected.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar on the properties of color slip for decorative method of color slip on earthen ware production. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The experiment started with triaxial blend of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar in the defined ratio and then to painting of color slips on earthenware production. After that, firing specimens at 950 °C in oxidation atmosphere. Finally, the specimens were tested microstructure and physical properties. The results showed that the ratio of 50% dolomite body, 40% frit and 10% potassium feldspar were optimum properties for decorative on earthenware body. In color slip consisting of blue color added Cobalt oxide 1% ,Green colors added chromic oxide 10% , Gray color added manganese oxide 10% ,yellow color added stain 2225 10% and hazel color added ferric oxide 2 wt %.


In receiver design, how to choose the loop phase detector and loop filter carrier tracking loop is critical. Due to the Doppler frequency difference uncertainty exists, the carrier phase direct capture a greater degree of difficulty, and the frequency was able to capture most quickly eliminate the Doppler shift of the impact, and then the tracking phase is relatively easy to get many. Based on this idea, this paper, the performance of the PLL comprehensive analysis and simulation. 1Introduction In receiver design, how to choose the loop phase detector and loop filter carrier tracking loop is critical. Due to the Doppler frequency difference uncertainty exists, the carrier phase direct capture a greater degree of difficulty, and the frequency was able to capture most quickly eliminate the Doppler shift of the impact, and then the tracking phase is relatively easy to get many. Based on this idea, the paper on a comprehensive analysis of the performance of the phase locked loop. 2 A block diagram based on the phase locked loop BPSK modulation signal input is provided: ( ) ( )cos( ) c R k M k k      (1) Phase and quadrature branch output local NCOI were: ( ) cos( ) Io c V k k   (2) ( ) sin( ) Qo c V k k   (3)


The article considers the problem of building social infrastructure facilities in agricultural holdings and proves that the use of environmental innovations in the construction of such facilities not only leads to a reduction in resource and carbon intensity, but also provides a social and environmental effect due to informing and educating the population. Environmental innovations in the construction of social facilities can be used for the purposes of environmental education and training of not only children but also adults through open lessons, thematic lectures and demonstrations of sustainable construction techniques. As an example, we present the results of comparative evaluation of carbon footprint of the school building project with kindergarten and cultural and leisure center made of traditional monolithic reinforced concrete structures and 3D polystyrene foam panels, obtained with SimaPro 22.214.171.124 software. It is shown that the use of innovative construction technology leads to a reduction of the carbon footprint in the life cycle of a building by 1.5 times compared to traditional technology.