Background Inactive people are often not aware of the fact that they are insufficiently active. Providing insight into their actual physical activity (PA) levels may raise awareness and could, in combination with tailored PA advice, stimulate a physically active lifestyle. Objective This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a 3-month intervention in which Dutch office workers were provided with a personal activity monitor (PAM) coupled to simple and concise Web-based tailored PA advice (PAM COACH). Method Participants were randomly assigned to the 3-month PAM intervention (n = 51) or received a single written information brochure with brief general PA recommendations (n = 51). Study outcome measures were changes in PA (recall of minutes per week spent on PA, as measured by the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults), determinants of PA, aerobic fitness, and body composition. Follow-up measurements were performed immediately after the 3-month intervention and at 8-months, 5 months after the end of the 3-month intervention period. Results A total of 102 workers, 23 to 39 years old, completed the baseline measurement at the worksite. 48 completed the 3-month follow up and 38 the 8-month follow-up in the intervention group, 50 completed the 3-month follow up and 42 the 8-month follow up in the control group. 35 out of 48 (73%) participants in the PAM intervention group reported wearing the PAM regularly, and the PAM COACH was used almost once a week; 24 out of 46 (52%) PAM users set a personal goal, and 33 (72%) entered their favorite activities on the website. Main reasons for not using these items were lack of interest or not being able to find the item on the website. The majority of PAM users (34 out of 46, 74%) read the advice, of whom 14 (39%) found it unappealing. After the 3-month intervention, no significant intervention effect was observed (adjusted difference in min/week) for sedentary behavior (β = 10, 95% CI = −435 to 455), light-intensity PA (β = −129, 95% CI = −337 to 79), moderate-intensity PA (β = −13, 95% CI = −89 to 63), vigorous-intensity PA (β= −6, 95% CI = −75 to 62), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (β = −23, 95% CI = −121 to 76). No significant intervention effect was observed in the PA outcomes at the 8-month follow-up. For the determinants of PA, aerobic fitness, and body composition, no statistically significant intervention effect was observed in the total study population immediately after the 3-month intervention or the 8-month follow-up. Conclusions The intervention appeared to be easily applicable to real-life settings. The intervention was ineffective in improving PA behavior or its determinants in healthy office workers. More attention should have been given to the quality and appropriateness of the tailored advice. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 93896459; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN93896459/ (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5iR3mf7ex)


This chapter addresses the international criminal aspects of the protection of global commons, with particular regard to cultural heritage. As the general principle of respect for cultural heritage transcends the classic scheme of state responsibility for wrongful acts, international criminal law is recognized as one means of protecting cultural heritage for transmission to future generations. In order to reflect on the capacity of international criminal law to effectively enhance the protection of cultural heritage, first, this chapter aims at providing a critical overview of the existing international legal framework as enshrined in the relevant instruments criminalizing any form of intentional destruction of cultural property. Second, the analysis will focus on the role of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and its groundbreaking case law. Third, this chapter will discuss the most recent developments of international criminal practice as it applies to the destruction of cultural heritage, examining in particular the Al Mahdi case.


The tasks facing the system of information training lead to finding not only new forms and methods of teaching, but also to a new concept of methodical system based on openness and self-organization. In open system the elements are dynamic, therefore, and methods of design should be focused on the dynamics of elements change and interaction of elements with each other. A natural approach in such circumstances is to bring formal methods allowing its automation. The article deals with computer-oriented technology of integrated design of the main components of methodical system of computer training at university.


We investigate the efficacy with which polarization entanglement can be teleported using a continuous measurement scheme. We show that by using the correct gain for the classical channel the degree of violation of locality that can be demonstrated (using a CH-type inequality) is not a function of the level of entanglement squeezing used in the teleportation. This is possible because a gain condition can always be chosen such that passage through the teleporter is equivalent to pure attenuation of the input field.


In this paper, we present a fully scalable architecture for IP packet forwarding engines used in router line cards and other network equipment. Our conceptually sliced architecture can be replicated to increase the number of ports or deal with larger lookup tables. We show empirical evidence that, using our architecture, the expansion requires very limited glue logic and does not deteriorate the performance. Such a scalability feature is especially vital to satisfy the Internet's huge appetite for large routing tables, increased traffic, higher speed and the migration to IPv6.


The post-mortem decomposition and corresponding insect succession is a continuous process, which commences from the moment of death, until skeletonisation. Many studies have been carried out looking at these processes, and what may have an effect upon them. The effect of salinity levels in water and elevation have on a corpse is very rarely touched upon at all. With the field of forensic entomology growing in popularity with law enforcement agencies all the time, more studies need to be undertaken. This study is designed to investigate the effects that elevation of the corpse and salinity level have on decomposition rates, whilst comparing insect biodiversity and population levels of insects on the individual corpses. So far no research has been carried out in this particular area of the field. Three pig corpses were left to decompose in the open air and therefore exposed to the insect population. One corpse was elevated, limiting its contact with the ground. A second corpse was soaked in a salt water solution, whilst a third corpse was used as a control. Insects were sampled and pictures were taken for a 43-day period during the months of March and April, in Leicestershire, England. The results indicate that insect succession and the rate of decomposition are both affected respectively with regards to salinity and elevation level.


The enhancement techniques of the heat transfer by forced and mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity is presented in this review. Different cavity configurations with lid-driven have been studied by many researchers and they reviewed in this article such as circular, rectangular, trapezoidal, corrugated, square, ellipse, and triangular with different thermal boundary conditions. Lid-driven applications in practical engineering include solar collectors, heat exchangers, food processing, nuclear reactors, crystal growth, technologies of lubrication, and production of float glass. Forced convection in lid-driven cavities is resulted from the lid movement which causes shear flow. While, natural convection is resulted of buoyancy driven associated with temperature gradient throughout the enclosure. Many investigations were carried out to enhance combined convection heat transfer in lid-driven cavity. Enhancement techniques included effects of using of nano fluids, porous media, magnetic field, inclination angle, amplitude, dominated parameters, and different geometries with the same aspect ratio. The present work comprises a review for enhancement methods and presents the important conclusions resulted from these studies.


Selection harvesting of tolerant hardwoods typically stops during the spring and early summer when there is heightened concern over damage to soils and residual stems from felling trees and machine activity. A feller-buncher and an 8-wheel forwarder modified into a clambunk skidder were evaluated as a lower impact alternative to conventional cable or grapple skidders to operate during the traditional shutdown period within acceptable guidelines for soil disturbance, residual stem damage and trail occupancy. This study showed that the feller-buncher and clambunk skidder used for single-tree and group selection harvesting could potentially extend the logging season into the spring shutdown period without exceeding local site impact guidelines.


This paper examines the relationship between the adoption of a language of instruction (LoI) and active citizenship, investigating some of the considerations that might need to be made in the process of adopting English as a medium of instruction (MoI) in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Sudan in particular.


A finite number of color centers in the region of sharp crystal needle's tip has been recently observed by laser resonance photoelectron projection microscopy technique. Hereby we present a new result in the field: only one single color center was observed on the tip region of lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride needles. Due to the high fluorescence yield of these color centers such needles can be treated as one-atom light sources, and perspectives of their application in Scanning One-Atom Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Microscopy are briefly discussed.


pistemology is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature and basis of knowledge. How do we know things? It also studies the veracity of "truth." How do we know the difference between belief, knowledge, opinion, fact, reality and fantasy? The Greek philosopher, Carneades, believed that knowledge of reality, of what is true or false, is impossible, that nothing can be known with certainty; his philosophy is known as skepticism. It does not reject belief altogether; Carneades felt that our belief about any given matter should be subjected to intense scrutiny and then, using a scale of probability, we should accept or reject the likelihood of its truth or falsehood. But we must make no absolute claims to it. Another Greek skeptic, Cratylus, however, was more radical in his approach and believed that nothing could be known at all, and thus no statements could convey anything true or meaningful. He finally gave up talking altogether. Most of us are neither moderate nor extreme skeptics; we believe what our teachers told us. Although some of us learned later that perhaps a little skepticism was indeed warranted, we survived with our grasp of reality reasonably intact. We live in a world where facts are meaningful and opinions can be assessed, at least to the degree that we deem them sound or unsound. When it comes to religion, those of us who are raised in traditions often reject such assessments and simply believe what we were taught. For many religious people, skepticism is anathema, the work of the devil. However, our Abrahamic traditions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam have always been concerned with and seriously interested in epistemology, because each of these faiths have profound truth claims that need substantiation or "believability." Islam, at its advent, developed a sophisticated methodology for the validation of truth claims. One of the greatest achievements of the Islamic scholastic tradition is 'ilm ar-rijaal, the science of narrators. It is the study of reports of events in the life of the Prophet, especially of his sayings and deeds. Its formulators established a rigid set of criteria to validate the truth claims of those who asserted they saw or heard the Prophet do or say such-and-such. Reports were grouped into two categories: ahad, or solitary reports in which one or a few people claimed to have heard or seen something, and mutawatir, or multiply-transmitted reports narrated in numbers large enough to preclude collusive fabrication. The solitary reports must meet many criteria before being accepted as sound statements that nonetheless contain, depending upon the degree to which the criteria were met, a certain probability of error. On the other hand, firmly established multiply-transmitted reports, in numbers that rule out collusion, are taken as uncontestable fact. The Quran, the seventh century book narrated by Muhammad, is considered mutawatir, and thus epistemologically undeniable. Whether one believes it is from God or not is another matter, but the Quran in its current form is the same Quran the Prophet taught to his companions more than 1,400 years ago; untold numbers in each generation of Muslims have transmitted the same recitation, making it infallible in its historicity and accuracy. Islamic scholars accepted multiply-transmitted reports from Muslims and people of other


Based on the characteristics of random distribution of defects such as fissure and void in warm frozen soil,a stochastic damage model for warm frozen soil under uniaxial compression is developed by using continuous damage theory and probability and statistic theory.And it is compared with experimental data in three different temperatures.The results show that,the whole damage process,especially its softening characteristic,can be well expressed by this model.Meanwhile,based on the comparison between experimental and theoretical probability distribution of strength of warm frozen soil,it is found that the Weibull distribution could well describe the strength distribution of frozen soil.At last,by using the idea that the strength of warm frozen soil satisfies with Weibull distribution,the reliability of strength of warm frozen soil is investigated.


Ride comfort is an important performance index of a automobile, and it directly affects people's riding comfort. Suspension system is an important factor affecting the ride comfort of the car. In the paper, the influence of suspension on vehicle ride comfort was analyzed, then a model of automobile suspension system based on Matlab/Simulink was established to simulate the ride comfort of vehicles. The study provided a research method for analyzing the impact of suspension system on vehicle ride comfort, and also provided reference for optimization of suspension parameters during vehicle design. Introduction With the development of society and economy, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and there is a higher requirement for the comfort of the car's riding environment[1]. To ensure that the car's vibration is within a certain range, so that the driver can have good psychological and physiological conditions under long-term driving conditions. Excellent ride comfort is not only the guarantee to improve the riding comfort, but also important to the safe driving[2]. In the paper, the effect of suspension system on ride comfort based on Matlab was simulated and analyzed, and it can provide a research method for optimizing suspension parameters during vehicle design. Effect of Suspension System on Vehicle Ride Comfort The vehicle suspension system is generally consisted of spring, damper, oriented framework and anti-roll bar. Suspension is divided into two categories according to the control form: passive suspension and active suspension[3]. Suspension Stiffness. Suspension stiffness determines the natural frequency of the suspension system. The car has high requirements for ride comfort, and usually chooses a relatively low body natural frequency to obtain smaller acceleration. The general frequency range of a car is within 1~1.5Hz. On the contrary, off-road vehicles and trucks usually have poor road conditions, and a relatively high natural body frequency must be selected. Generally, the frequency range selected is 1.5 to 2 Hz. Suspension Static Deflection. Suspension static deflection directly affects the body natural frequency. When the elastic properties of the suspension used are linear changes, the static deflection of the front suspension 1 c f can be expressed as follows. 1 1 1 k g m fc = (1) Equation (2) is the static deflection of the rear suspension 2 c f . 2 2 2 k g m fc = (2) Where 1 k , 2 k are the suspension stiffness of front and rear suspension respectively, 1 m , 2 m are the sprung mass of front and rear suspension respectively and g is the gravitational acceleration [3]. 3rd International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 166


Preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently require supplemental oxygen in the outpatient setting. In this study, we sought to determine patient characteristics and demographics associated with need for supplemental oxygen at initial hospital discharge, timing to supplemental oxygen liberation, and associations between level of supplemental oxygen and likelihood of respiratory symptoms and acute care usage in the outpatient setting.


This paper reviews the development of structural dynamic designing techniques for space vehicles, and it is shown that with more and more complicated modern space vehicles, both numerical analytical methods and dynamic test methods become incapable of satisfying the design requirement. So the virtual dynamic test techniques must be adopted to meet the demand. The new techniques are described in detail, including the mathematical model updating for complex structures, the virtual modal test techniques and the virtual vibration test techniques of shaker. The outlook to the future researches is also given.


In the Meta-Game of Learning, fashioned after the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, teacher and student become agents that interact in an implicit game played within the context of formal learning. The Teacher can pose to the Student either hard or easy questions; the Student can respond with either right or wrong answers. When the hard questions are answered correctly, the Student is learning — the result of a cooperative action on the part of the two participating agents. In this paper we expand on the MGL, modeling the Student's behavior and suggesting a simple basis for the complexity underlying real students' responses in formal educational settings. We show that even a very simple model can account for much of the richness of typical classroom dynamics. We consider motivation, emotion and ability as contributing factors and present results of preliminary experiments applying our model and varying each of these factors.


Objectives: To evaluate self-care behavior for Arterio Venous Fistula among Hemodialysis Patients Methods: Descriptive research was carried out using a scale to assess the self-care habits of dialysis patients with CKD. The study was conducted on (5) teaching hospitals in Baghdad City from the Artificial Kidney Centers divided into three Health Directorate: Results: Result show that the highest evaluation rate for Item(No.3) I do compression of puncture sites with the fingers (hemostasis). in the rate of RS%(70.72)rated fair self-care behaviors" While the lowest evaluation rate for item No. 25 (I shave the hairs on the fistula arm( in the rate of RS% (31.44)rated Poor self-care behavior. Majority of patients in this study experienced with a fair level of knowledge regarding self-care behaviors of AV fistula 425 (85.0%). Conclusions: Majority of patients in this study experienced with a fair level of knowledge regarding self-care behaviors of AV fistula. Keyword: Self-Care, Behavior Scale, Arteriovenous Fistula


Modern competence-based approach involves practical, professional orientation of mathematics education. In the acute shortage of teaching time it requires a special approach to the selection of the content of the discipline, methodology and technology of education. A methodical system of professionally-oriented tasks serves as a means of implementation of the relevant approach to teaching mathematics and the formation of readiness of future managers to professional activity. Discusses the purposes and principles of the system, the characteristics of the selected tasks. To illustrate the system was used a compliance matrix the elements of which are the task and the individual steps of their solution corresponding to the content of the sections of the discipline and form competencies. The article gives the examples of professionally-oriented tasks of the system, recommendations for their use in various forms of training. The introduction of methodical system of professionally-oriented tasks in the practice of teaching mathematics allows: to increase motivation of the discipline, and, consequently, to improve the quality of education; to implement general educational functions of education and development of students; to form a common cultural and professional competences of future specialists.


Abstract : The overall objective of the effort described in this report was to develop an understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the flow/ acoustic interactions experienced in full-scale altitude engine test facilities. This is done by conducting subscale experiments and through development of a theoretical model. Model cold jet experiments with an axisymmetric convergent nozzle are performed in a test setup that stimulates a supersonic jet exhausting into a cylindrical diffuser. The measured data consist of detailed flow visualization data and acoustic spectra for a free and a ducted plume. It is shown that duct resonance is most likely responsible by theoretical calculations. Theoretical calculations also indicate that the higher discrete tones observed in the measurements are related to the screech phenomena. Limited experiments on the sensitivity of a free 2-D, C-D nozzle to externally imposed sound are also presented. It is shown that a 2-D, C-D nozzle with a cutback is less excitable than a 2-D C-D nozzle with no cutback. At a pressure ratio of 1.5 unsteady separation from the diverging walls of the nozzle is noticed. This separation switches from one wall to the opposite wall thus providing an unsteady deflection of the plume. It is shown that this phenomenon is related to the venting provided by the cutback section.


Eustachian tube dysfunction is common and implicated in persistent middle ear disease. Recent studies suggest the promise of balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube to modify local anatomy and physiology, restoring normal function.


Newchallenges arerising withthefast development ofpowergridsinmegacities, especially hugeshortcircuit current levels andreduced voltage stability. Inthis paper, two solutions basedon new technologies areproposed. Thefirst solution consists ofa new shortcircuit fault current limiter (called DYNACUR) together withSTATCOMs (called SVC Light). Another consists ofvoltage source converter basedHVDC (HVDCLight) together withasmallshortcircuit fault current limiter(DYNACUR). The schemesand theircorresponding performances areinvestigated basedonamegacity powergrid similar toShanghai. The results showthatbothproposed solutions areeffective. Thecostsandbenefits arecompared related totheapproximate performance. Finally, tworealcases ofSTATCOMsandHVDC Light areintroduced briefly.


Materials and Methods A case review was performed for 18 consecutive patients who presented with multiligamentous knee injuries. These patients were managed over a 34-month period from 2010 to 2013 by the senior author who managed majority of the cases in our centre. Our institution is a 1300-bed Level 1 trauma centre that manages the highest number of trauma patients in our locality.3 A multiligamentous knee injury was defi ned as an injury to 2 or more knee ligaments. These included the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), posteromedial (PMC) and posterolateral complexes (PLC). Assessment of the injured knee involved clinical examination and imaging modalities including x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


There are various types of work that a person can choose, including being a civil servant (PN), private or entrepreneurship. Indonesia's entrepreneurial ratio in 2014 was still 1.67%, now based on BPS data it has risen to 3.1 percent above the minimum limit of 2% as a developing country of the total population in Indonesia. One type of entrepreneurial business is the culinary business, in Surakarta the business in the culinary field is increasing. In entrepreneurship creativity is very necessary to develop new ideas. Entrepreneurship is important to have an independent attitude that is expected to be able to identify business opportunities, then utilize business opportunities to create new job opportunities. The purpose of this study is as follows: 1) To examine the relationship between independent attitudes and entrepreneurial creativity in the culinary business owners in Surakarta. 2) To find out the level of independent attitude and entrepreneurial creativity in the culinary business owners in Surakarta. 3) To find out the large distribution of independent attitudes towards entrepreneurial creativity in the culinary business owners in Surakarta. The population in this study is based on data from the Surakarta Culture and Tourism Office (Disbudpar) totaling 859 special culinary business owners. The number of samples in this study was taken 15% of the number of 859 culinary business owners obtained 129 people. The data collection tool using the scale in this study there are two scales, namely the scale of entrepreneurial creativity and independent attitude. Data analysis used in this study is statistical analysis. using Pearson's product moment correlation analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) There is a very significant positive relationship between independent attitudes and entrepreneurial creativity of culinary business owners in Surakarta. That is, the higher the independent attitude of the subject, the higher the entrepreneurial creativity. 2) The level of independent attitudes is in the high category, as well as the creativity of entrepreneurship as high as the culinary business owners in Surakarta. 3) The large effective contribution of independent attitude towards entrepreneurial creativity in the culinary business owner in Surakarta is 15.3%. This means that there are still several other variables that affect entrepreneurial creativity by 84.7%. These other variables include interest, motivation, peer support, or parental support.


effect between the two treatments but independently both treatments have a positive effect on growth and yield of green mustard. The higher the dose of NPK fertilizer and the concentration of chitosan will increase the effect. The best treatment composition recommended for green mustard cultivation was NPK fertilizer with a dose of 1.6 g/plant and chitosan with a concentration of 20%.


Abstract : Martin Marietta Corporation conducted a 12 month program to develop base failure rates and failure rate mathematical models for microwave solid state devices. These models are provided in the format of MIL-HDBK-217B. More than 8.75 billion part hours of operating field data were collected from industrial and Government data sources. Data were analyzed and sorted manually. Conclusions are summarized in the revised base failure rates and mathematical models described. Failure rates developed for those devices already included in MIL-HDBK-217B are compared with present failure rates. Devices not presently included in MIL-HDBK-217B are listed with new pages for inclusion in MIL-HDBK- 217B.


Eight hundred and eight patients with histologically proved malignant disease had carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) estimations performed at the time of tissue diagnosis. An elevated level was found in 384 of 518 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms (74 per cent) and in 162 of 290 patients with other neoplasms (56 per cent). No correlation was found between CEA elevations and tumour differentiation. There was a good correlation between tumour staging and CEA levels for patients with colorectal cancer; the more advanced the tumour, the higher the CEA.


PUBLIC health workers are now directing their efforts to the control of the chronic diseases. As in all fields of public health endeavor, emphasis in chronic disease control is correctly placed on prevention-the basis of an aggressive attack on these diseases. The starting point in this field is the familiar one of developing preventive techniques capable of wide application. The purpose of this discussion is to present a technique developed recently for use in the control of certain of the chronic diseases, to describe the evolution of this technique, and to outline certain problems connected with it. The technique to be presented is based on a fundamental concept in preventive medicine, the concept that early detection, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment can accomplish substantial reduction in disability and deaths resulting from the chronic diseases. These measures-early detection, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment-can often prevent the further development of incipient disease processes, avoid complications, and reduce the disability accompanying advanced or later stages of disease. This fundamental concept of preventive medicine is, of course, not a new


The Ulban terrane composed of a thick sedimentary series of Jurassic clastic deposits is located at the junction of the Mongol-Okhotsk and Sikhote-Alin orogenic belts. The results of the study of the deposits assigned to the Middle Jurassic Elgon Formation are presented. The structure of the sedimentary succession and sedimentological features are considered and illustrated, which indicate sand-reach turbidite sedimentation in a setting of sandy lobe of turbidite cones or ramps. The paleocurrent directions measured in outcrops and calculated using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility suggest the transport of clastic material from the western or southwestern sources.


—A study of the innovation and investment role in interaction of small businesses confirms that human resources are not ready for performing business. Solving problems in the process of building competencies in professional and entrepreneurial activities requires a new approach to higher education at the university. The need to create a platform for university complexes involves increasing personal competencies of human resources. These are both entities that determine the needs of consumers and units that participate in the economic chain of meeting the needs of society in the form of small business. The article presents: criteria of the university complexes' efficiency; parameters of innovation and investment role in interaction of small business in a criteria analysis of the university complexes' efficiency; a matrix of expert assessments of the university complexes' efficiency according to the parameters of innovation and investment role in interaction of small business.


The 27Al zero-field NMR spectrum of GdAl2 at 4.2 K and 77 K has been shown to contain signals emanating from nuclei in both domains and all regions of domain walls. This interpretation is based on detailed measurements of quadrupole frequencies, and is supported by readings on a holmium-doped GdAl2 sample and measurements in an external magnetic field. The results are incompatible with a significant magnetic contribution to the electric field gradient at the AI sites unless such a contribution has its principal axis along the (111) axes in both domains and domain walls. Pressure measurements, giving a value of +(14+or-2) kbar-1 for dlnPt/dlnP where Pt is the quadrupole parameter and P the pressure, have been used to show that lattice expansion cannot explain the temperature dependence of the electric field gradient. Lattice vibrations, however, may provide an explanation.


A number of studies suggest a link between musical training and general cognitive abilities. Despite some positive results, there is disagreement about which abilities are improved. One line of research leads to the hypothesis that verbal abilities in general, and verbal memory in particular, are related to musical training. In the present article, we review this line of research and present newly collected data comparing trained musicians to non-musicians on a number of tasks that recruit verbal memory. The results showed an advantage for musicians' long-term verbal memory that disappeared when articulatory suppression was introduced. In addition, we found evidence for a greater verbal working memory span in musicians. Together, these results show that musical training may influence verbal working memory and long-term memory, and they suggest that these improved abilities are due to enhanced verbal rehearsal mechanisms in musicians.


Objective To provide biomechanical basis for capitate shortening in treatment of Kienbock's disease. Methods The study was carried out on 10 fresh cadaveric upper limbs.Using dorsally mounted gauge, the stress changes of capitate, lunate, scaphoid and triangular bone under load were measured pre and post operatively by electric testing apparatus. Results When intact wrist was loaded,tensile strain was detected in lunate and scaphoid. On the contrary, capitate and triangular bone sustained compressive strain. After capitate was shortened, lunate bone compressive strain.The compressive stress of capitate and the tensile stress of scaphoid increased significantly, whereas stress on the triangular bone didn't change much. Conclusions Capitate shortening redistributes stress of the wrist and decreases the longitudinal compressive load on the lunate,which in turn facilitates revascularization of the lunate.


This document is the September 1948 Physics Division Progress Report from the Mound Laboratory. Items discussed include: (1) measurement of the vapor pressure of Postum by the effusion method and the quartz-sickle method, (2) use of the vacuum balance, (3) measurement of the electric conductivity of Postum, (4) neutronics of several sources, and (5) x-ray diffraction studies of Thorium compounds.


Introduction: In patients with COPD reduction in intercostal muscle (icm) oxygen delivery during cycling has been associated with increased dyspnoea (Louvaris Z, CRJ. 2018). Objective: To compare perfusion and oxygenation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles and dyspnoea levels between cycling and hyperpnoea in COPD. Methods: In 18 patients (FEV1=62±8%pred, MIP=80±4%pred) perfusion and oxygenation were measured simultaneously in scalene, icm, rectus abdominis and vastus lateralis muscles by near-infrared spectroscopy at rest, during constant-load cycling (75%WRpeak) and hyperpnoea at the same levels of minute ventilation as during cycling. Results: Minute ventilation was consistent between cycling and hyperpnoea [43.5(38-49) vs 44.6(38-51)L/min, p=0.91]. During cycling, cardiac output (impedance cardiography) and oxygen uptake were greater compared to hyperpnoea [11.7(10.3-13.1) vs 7.5(6.4-8.4)L/min and 1.35(1.13-1.56) vs 0.63(0.55-0.75)L/min, respectively, p=0.001]. During cycling, respiratory muscle perfusion and oxygenation were lower (Figure 1) and dyspnoea (Borg) was greater compared to hyperpnoea [7.2 (6.3-8.5) vs 5.2 (3.1-6.7), p=0.001]. Greater dyspnoea during cycling was associated with a greater decrease in perfusion of scalene (r=-0.51, p=0.04) and icm (r=-0.44, p=0.07). Conclusion: Limitations in respiratory muscle perfusion during cycling might exaggerate dyspnoea sensations in COPD.


The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory framework and the corresponding mechanism of strategic planning and management of vocational education in the Russian Federation. The main element of the mechanism for implementing state policy in the field of personnel training is the state programs of scientific and technological development and education development. Poor quality and insufficiently balanced development of vocational education is one of the main factors of weak innovation activity of the economy. In turn, this creates a low demand for the training of new generations of personnel capable of ensuring the implementation of priority areas of scientific and technological development.
The article presents recommendations for improving the mechanism of strategic planning and management of vocational education, planning budget expenditures for science and vocational education.


Data processing techniques are often used to estimate the noise-free response of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data and magnetotelluric transfer functions. We have implemented a new CSEM data processing scheme that uses a robust method based on independent component analysis (ICA) to extract interpretable datasets from noisy marine CSEM data. We applied the data processing scheme to signals from a new CSEM observation system comprising a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and an ocean bottom electromagnetometer (OBEM). These datasets were obtained around the Iheya North hydrothermal field, Okinawa Trough, Japan. The observation system allows a small-scale CSEM survey to be conducted in areas of steep topography, such as hydrothermal fields, because the ROV can deploy the OBEM at the exact observation site. The results show that the coherent and environment noise that exists in the raw time series is reduced sufficiently by ICA processing. It makes interpretation of the resulting electric field data possible. The results also show that the processed data has a higher signal-to-noise ratio in the middle-to-high-frequency band than the data without ICA. The normalised spectrum, obtained by normalising the observed data from the hydrothermal area, indicates that a conductive anomaly exists in the near-offset area around the OBEM. We apply 2D inversion to the electric field data and find that a low resistivity body exists beneath the OBEM and 50 m offset from the OBEM. This resistivity structure is consistent with images taken by the ROV that show characteristic organisms in hydrothermal seepage around the OBEM site. We have developed a new controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data processing scheme that uses a robust method based on independent component analysis to extract interpretable datasets from noisy marine CSEM data. The results show that the coherent and environment noise is reduced sufficiently. It makes interpretation of the resulting data possible.


The invention relates to a method for producing reactive plastic molded bodies with highly filled coarse-grained filling material, wherein the coarse-grained filling material is heated at a high temperature before being poured into the mold.


Incorporation of H/sup 3/-labeled thymidine causes a selective irradiation of the cell nucleus because of the extremely short range of the BETA radiation of tritium. An estimation of this radiation response was made under two different presumptions: homogenous distribution of the substance within a cell nucleus of arbitrarily assumed size and point-shaped tritium source in the middle of a spherically assumed cell nucleus. It is shown, that the use of the conception radiation dose'' in those microscopic areas in the order of a few mu is neither allowable physically nor logical biologically. It is pointed out that there are genetic effects because of transformations of the nucleus caused by incorporation of tritium into the chromosomes in addition to the radiation injury preduced by the incorporated H/sup 3/-thymidine. (auth)


Objective: To analyze the droplet distribution characteristics of an effervescent injector by using kerosene within a furnace. Approach: A computational approach has been adopted to study and analyze the droplet distribution statistics. For primary breakup, effervescent injector model has been used and for secondary atomization, the WAVE breakup model has been adopted. Euler-Lagrange frame is employed to simulate the interaction between gas phase and droplet phase. Contributions: In this work, the effect of the variation of model constant C 2 of WAVE breakup model on droplet distribution has been studied. Around 30000 droplet samples are collected for each case (at different value of C 2 ). Validation of the work has been done with the literature available. Findings: However it has been observed that at the minimal and maximal droplet size is predicted well at radial positions away from the axis at any C 2 . The similar trend has been found for the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). However near the axis, the prediction is not good enough irrespective of any C 2 . Also it has been found that with higher value of C2, the computational results deviates much from the measured value.


1. the art that the invention defined in the claims The present invention relates to data will ARQ method in a wireless communication system. 2. The invention attempts to solve the technical challenges The present invention using the upper layer (layer) by using a message transmission with the transmission or retransmission of data information on the retransmission data format combination indicator (TFCI) before sending the retransmission data delayed by passing information on the retransmission data to provide an error automatic retransmission data with the data generated ARQ method and a computer-readable recording medium recording a program for realizing the above method without that purpose. 3. Resolution of the subject matter of the invention, The present invention, when transferred to the receiving-side apparatus generates the transmission data in a transmitting-side apparatus, the first step to determine whether the reception side apparatus, an error occurs in the transmitted data received; If the transmission check of the first step the result, an error does not occur in the normal acknowledgment signal from the receiving device to the transmitting device, a second step of completing the transfer of the data from the transmitting device; When sending a retransmission request signal according to the error check result of the first step, to an error in the receiving apparatus to the transmitting apparatus, transmitting the information relating to the retransmission data from the transmitting device to the receiving device select the data requested for retransmission after the third step of transmitting retransmission to the receiving-side apparatus; And in the receiving device a fourth step of receiving the retransmission data after receiving the information related to the retransmission data from the transmitting device. 4. An important use of the invention, The invention yiyongdoem the like communication systems. Retransmission, an upper layer message, the transport format combination indicator (TFCI), information about the retransmission data, no delay


In June 2013, the consumer price index stood at 0.4% (against 0.9% in June 2012), being 0.3 p.p. less than in May 2013. The consumer price index reached 0.8%. within the first 20 days in July 2013. Therefore, infl a?? on exceeded 6.9% on a year-on-year basis. According to Bank of Russia's preliminary estimates, net capital outlaw from the country reached $10bn in Q2 2013, and totaled $38,4bn in H1 2013, being $1,7bn less year-on-year..


Research question: What is the nutritional status of adolescent girls living in urban slums and methods to improve their nutritional knowledge and practices through Information Education and Communication (IEC). Objective: To assess the nutritional status and dietary intake of adolescent girls and study the impact of IEC programme on their nutritional knowledge and practices. Study design: After collection of the baseline data IEC intervention was carried out for six months and its impact was studied. Setting and participants: 2500 adolescent girls from urban registered slums located in twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh India. Statistical analysis: Proportions Z test. Results: Though the pattern of growth in adolescent girls was similar to that of NCHS standards their heights and weights at any given age were far below the standards and deficit increased with age. Iron deficiency anaemia was found to be the most common nutritional problem observed in them. After IEC intervention significant proportion of girls could correctly identify the foods rich in various important nutrients. A marked increase in the intake of finger millet or `Ragi was observed which is a very rich source of calcium as well as iron. Conclusions: The IEC intervention resulted in improvement of nutritional knowledge of adolescent girls as well as behavioural pattern as envisaged by better cooking methods and increase in the consumption of nutrient rich foods. (authors)


In this paper a generic service oriented architecture for the semantic annotation of conceptual models is described. It allows to annotate elements of conceptual models with concepts from formal semantic schemata. Thereby, additional semantic functionalities for models can be realized. Due to the integration of aspects of service orientation, the platform can be easily extended to support different modeling and semantic schema languages. Furthermore, it can act as an integration platform for other tools working on models and ontologies.


We propose a universal lower bound of dc electrical conductivity in rotational- and translational- symmetries breaking systems via the holographic duality. This bound predicts that BTZ-black brane can be easily used to realize linear temperature resistivity. We also construct an anisotropic black brane solution, which yields linear temperature for the in-plane resistivity and insulating behavior for the out-of-plane resistivity. Ultimately, we discuss its implications in experiments.


It is shown that the turbulent flow of acoustic waves propagating outward from the inner edge of the disk causes the accretion of the matter onto the center. The exponential amplification of waves takes place in the resonance region, ω = (n ± 1 )(cid:3) . Here ω is the frequency of the acoustic wave, n is its azimuthal wave number, (cid:3)(r) is the angular frequency of rotation of the disk. The effect is similar to the inverse Landau damping in a collisionless plasma. Energy comes from the energy of rotation of the disk. That leads to decrease of the disk angular momentum and to accretion of the matter. The value of the accretion rate dM/dt is ˙ M = πrc s (cid:5) 0 (c s /v φ 0 ) 2 W . Here c s is the speed of sound of the disk gas, v φ 0 is the Keplerian rotation velocity, (cid:5) 0 is the surface density of the disk, W is total power of the acoustic turbulence, W (cid:2) (cid:2) ∞ 0 dω (cid:3) n ≥ 0 | (cid:5) (cid:5) (cid:5) 0 | 2 (ω,n) , | (cid:5) (cid:5) | 2 (ω,n) is the spectral power of turbulence. The presented picture of accretion is consistent with the observed variations of X-ray and optical radiation from objects whose activity is associated with accretion of gas onto them.


AbstractLand use changes driven by urban development impose immediate threats to watershed health and sustainability of water resources. Municipalities can implement various land use controls to direct future urban development that has long lasting impacts on water resources. Hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) are the areas in landscapes that most actively contribute to runoff generation. This study establishes the connection between land use controls at a municipal level and protection of healthy watersheds through the concept of HSAs and assesses the effectiveness of five land use controls in protecting HSAs from future urban development in three selected municipalities in New Jersey. The five land use controls are steep slope ordinance, stream corridor ordinance, open space and farmland preservation, and wetlands protection. The results indicate the five land use controls protect 44–64% of municipal HSAs, which are only about 22–26% of the total area protected from urban development by those land us...


Background/Aim: : Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a potentially life-threatening state characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. The underlying pathological mechanisms are diverse and have not been fully elucidated. Several molecular processes have been implicated in its pathophysiology including the Rho-GTPases and renin-angiotensin (RAS) systems. We evaluated whether ROCK inhibition , through fasudil and RAS interfering through Mas agonist, AVE 0991 could have renoprotective effect, and whether it is comparable to well settled renoprotection of type-1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blocker, Losartan in Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephropathy rat model. Materials & methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each), control (received 0.9 % NaCl). PANnephrotic (PAN – injected rats received 0.9 % NaCl), Fasudil treated PAN ( 30 mg/kg /d), Losartan treated PAN (10 mg/kg/ d ) and AVE 0991 treated PAN (3 mg/kg /d) group. All treated groups received treatment orally, from day 7 to day 14 of PAN injection. RESULTS: PAN injection induced marked renal dysfunction indicated by significant (P<0.05) proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, reduction in creatinine clearance and elevated serum creatinine associated with significant hyperlipidemia and increase in Tumor necrosis factor –α (TNF-α), Creactive protein (C-RP) and urinary transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1). Treated groups with either fasudil or AVE0991, presented with significant improvement in kidney functions and lipid profile with parallel significant reduction in inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines that was similar to the renoprotection observed with Losartan. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that (RAS) and Rho-kinase pathways are involved in renal damage of NS, and their intervention could provide renoprotection and represent a novel therapy for NS.


The challenge of this work is to use topology optimization software to propose a design for a tertiary structure of a satellite. Topology optimization is a computational material distribution method for synthesizing structures without any preconceived shape, allowing for the introduction of holes or cavities in structures. This capability usually results in great savings in weight or improvement of structural performance such as stiffness or strength. The additive manufacturing processes provide a geometrical freedom for the design, making a perfect combination with topology optimization. The ANSYS Wb v17 Topology Optimization ACT is successfully verified and compared with the results from literature for MatLab codes. The topology optimization analysis, with minimum compliance objective, here applied in a satellite tertiary structure. This optimization is divided into two analysis, a 2D and 3D optimization, in order to save computational time on the 3D optimization. The optimized structure, compared to the initial tertiary structure, shows considerable stress reductions of 91.79% and a first natural frequencies increases of 504.96% at the expense of a small of 10.43% increase in the structure's weight. This mass increase is obtained due to an increase of 191.3% in the mass for the 2D optimization followed by a reduction of 62.1% in the mass with the 3D optimization.


This work edites and studies a new biography of the helenist and printer Felipe Mey (ca. 1542-1612) written by Jeronimo Martinez de la Vega (m. 1678) who was student and friend of Mey. This Vita offers new information about his family, his press in Valencia and his library.


An approach to vectorization of classified remote sensing image is presented based on the characteristics of raster data. This approach consists of three digitizing steps during the raster to vector convening: pre-processing, processing and postprocessing. First, all image pixels are categorized to some different types according to the characteristics of raster data. Then, polygons are generated by tracing these typed image pixels, with topological attribute built-in. Finally, the vector data are post-processed to reduce the redundancy and stored to GIS's based file. Compared to traditional methods this approach creates topological information of vector data automatically during converting. It has high performance, and could be implemented step by step. The result vector data could be applied and used directly in the geographical information system. An example is used to illustrate this approach with classified Landsat TM image. Keywords-Raster to Vector Conversion; Topology; Remote Sensing Imag; Geographical Information System


For a long time, EFL teaching in secondary vocational schools has been in a periphery position, causing the lower quality of teaching. Nowadays, with the rapid development of vocational education in China, it is a key requirement to reconstruct EFL teachers' professional spirit with the emphasis on their professional identities. Starting from an ecological perspective, this paper analyzes the reconstruction of EFL teachers' professional spirit, social and professional status in vocational context, and provides some suggestions for their professional development.


The nonlinear matrix equation with is investigated. We consider two cases of this equation: the case and the case In the case , a new sufficient condition for the existence of a unique positive definite solution for the matrix equation is obtained. A perturbation estimate for the positive definite solution is derived. Explicit expressions of the condition number for the positive definite solution are given. In the case , a new sharper perturbation bound for the unique positive definite solution is derived. A new backward error of an approximate solution to the unique positive definite solution is obtained. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical examples.


We provide an update on the epidemiology and disease characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Switzerland. Data were collected through the mandatory notification system of the Federal Office of Public Health. Between 2005 and 2011, a total of 1,055 TBE cases were reported, with a peak of 244 cases in 2006. The average yearly incidence was 2.0/100,000 inhabitants nationwide, with the highest regional value (7.8/100,000) in eastern Switzerland. Incidence by age peaked in 60-69 year-old patients, males predominated in all age groups. Most patients suffered from meningoencephalitis (n=567) or meningitis (n=246), seven of 1,055 patients (0.7%) died. Of 617 patients who were 40 years and older, 442 (72%) suffered from a severe course of illness, compared to 196 (51%) of 384 patients younger than 40 years. Most patients were not immunised against TBE, and in 33 of 1,055 patients (3%), vaccine failure was found possible. Ongoing surveillance of TBE and intensified efforts in promoting TBE vaccination for the population at risk will be needed in light of its considerable morbidity. .


The Ag(I) complex with o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene shows reversible interconversion between blue-emitting (1b) and green-emitting (1g) materials on grinding and heating; comparison of the structure of 1b with another green-emitting crystals (2) having the same formula suggests the chromism results from intermolecular interactions between adjacent phenylene rings.


Although blockade of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to enhance T cell immune responses shows great promise in tumor immunotherapy, the efficacy of such immune-checkpoint inhibition strategy is limited for patients with solid tumors. The mechanism underlying the limited efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors remains unclear. Here, we show that human lung adenocarcinoma, regardless of PD-L1 protein positive or negative, all produce a long non-coding RNA isoform of PD-L1 (PD-L1-lnc) via alternative splicing, which promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and metastasis. PD-L1-lnc in various lung adenocarcinoma cells is significantly upregulated by IFNγ in a manner similar to PD-L1 mRNA. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that PD-L1-lnc increases proliferation and invasion but decreases apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, PD-L1-lnc directly binds to c-Myc and enhances c-Myc transcriptional activity downstream in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our results provide targeting PD-L1-lnc−c-Myc axis as a novel strategy for lung cancer therapy.


To reduce the effect of over-segmentation on the further image processing,based on the gradient vector flow theory,a method of region consolidation for over-segmentation is presented.For the original image,firstly,the edge image that is obtained by the edge operators is diffused to obtain the gradient vector flow image;Secondly,based on the polling list of direction for zone boundary,the object zones are reached by merging the original over-segmentation closed regions;Finally,the segmentation result is achieved by merging the object zones according to the characteristics of objects.This method is used on images of cells.The result proves that accurate edges and number of cells are gained based on the original segmentation obtained by watershed.


This paper put forward a kind of new optimization method to study the problem of shape optimization of a centrifugal impeller,i.e.by adding the self-adapting operator into genetic algorithm to adjust individual mutation probability for ensuring the searching generality and population diversity.And biological growth is added to pick up the optimization searching speed during the optimization searching process.Finally,the optimization design of impeller is carried out by adopting two methods of genetic algorithm and improved genetic algorithm-biological growth method.The result of computation shows that the improved genetic algorithm-biological growth method could obtain an optimized solution within a comparatively less optimization period of time.


Background: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been reported to be useful in determining the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. However, aging increases the level of plasma BNP; therefore, the prognostic impact of plasma BNP in elderly patients with congestive heart failure has not been fully established. Objective: We sought to determine whether plasma BNP could predict recurrent cardiac events in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Methods: Forty-eight consecutive elderly patients (>65 years old) were enrolled in the present study. All patients were admitted with their first episode of congestive heart failure. Clinical characteristics, plasma BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass index were compared between patients with and those without recurrent cardiac events. Results: During the follow-up period, twelve cardiac events were observed. The New York Heart Association functional class was signi- ficantly higher in patients with cardiac events than in those without (p < 0.05). The plasma BNP level in pa- tients with cardiac events was significantly higher than in those without (521.0 ± 156.0 vs. 126.8 ± 20.1 pg/ml, p < 0.001), despite more frequent treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (75 vs. 28%, p < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower and the left ventricular mass index higher in patients with cardiac events as compared with those without (38.1 ± 5.0 vs. 49.2 ± 2.4%, p < 0.05; 193.8 ± 14.3 vs. 132.6 ± 7.8 g/m2, p < 0.001, respectively). The plasma BNP was selected as an independent factor associated with cardiac events besides New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass index using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio = 2.656, p < 0.05). The cardiac event rate was significantly higher in patients with a plasma BNP concentration >132 pg/ml using Kaplan-Meier analysis (p < 0.001). Moreover, the plasma BNP level correlated inversely with the length of time from hospital discharge to a cardiac event (r = –0.575, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Measuring the plasma BNP level before hospital discharge in elderly patients with congestive heart failure was more useful than other conventional examinations for predicting the recurrence of cardiac events.


The brain spatula has been an essential neurosurgical instrument since the early 20th century, when medical advancements enabled surgeons to operate deep intracranially for the first time. Monitoring the brain retraction pressure, especially at an early stage of the intradural procedure, is useful in preventing brain damage or postoperative cerebral swelling. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective methods that meet the demand for quantitative and real‐time evaluation of applied pressure on brain tissue. In this study, a compact and wireless sensing system, encapsulated by soft biocompatible materials, for quantitatively assessing the pressure between brain tissue and a spatula, is proposed. The absence of physical tethers and the ion gel‐based construction of the micro‐structured sensor represent key defining features, resulting in high measurement accuracy of 1.0/N with reliable water‐proof capabilities. Moreover, these sensors can be linked to a server network or mobile client for possible brain damage alerts as important safety addition. With our devices, detailed pressure data on retracting operations can be collected, analyzed, and stored for medical assistance as well as to improve surgery quality.


The positioning method such as radio frequency identification used in the mine transportation system can only detect the specific position of the locomotive,but cannot realize the precise positioning.By studying moving target location technology,data communication technology and visualization technology,combined with the special working conditions of the coal mine,a new mine positioning system used inertial navigation technology was proposed.The information of the locomotive,including location,speed and direction,was measured by accelerometers and gyroscopes.Through the wireless communication and wired communication,the data was transferred to the computer control center,using the Kingview software to show the precise location of the locomotive.This system makes it convenient for control room persons to get real-time information of the electric locomotive,and improves safety and efficiency by removing incidents.


The foraging behaviour of breeding White Storks Ciconia eieonia was studied at a colony in central Spain to test various predictions related to the advantages of flocking. Storks devoted more time to preening and resting with increasing aggregation size. Time spent vigilant by indivi dual Storks decreased significantly as aggregation size increased, mainly due to a reduction ofscan duration. Locomotion pattern changed significantly with aggregation size: birds in flocks walked head-up less frequently than solitary individuals. Absolute food intake rate was higher in larger aggrega tions. This was mainly attributable to lower vigilance intensity as aggregation size increased. Net feeding rates were also higher in larger aggregations. Aggregation size increased with distance to the colony. This was interpreted as a trade-off between travel and vigilance times in order to maximize for aging time. Aggregation of foraging Storks was explained both as a response to predation pressure and as a strategy to improve foraging efficiency through local enhancement. 1 Museo Nacional (CSIC), Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 2 Dept. de Zoologfa, Fac. de Biologfa, Univ. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain (authors in random order).


Kernel hardness, measured as grinding time, of seed from plant-rows extracted from the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) parents of a previous study, showed that Cal 3, thought to have had medium-hard kernels, was in fact a mixture of soft and hard plants plus a few intermediates. This explains unexpected results. Parents Cal 9, Cal 25 and Cal 13 were each homogeneous for plants with soft, hard and very hard kernels, respectively.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., medium-hard kernels, grinding time, genetics


Abstract : This study investigated the benefits attributable to deleting the factory acceptance testing for the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) space booster and the possible impacts on mission reliability. A review of the literature revealed limited research on the advantages or disadvantages of performing acceptance testing on commercial programs. However, a review of DoD policy recognized the advantages of cost and time savings when developmental and operational tests are combined. An analysis was performed on the anomalies that occurred during the acceptance testing for the vehicles involved in this study to determine whether all hardware defects would be detected by a later phase of testing. The research suggested that only two chance failures would be undetected by flight testing resulting in a decrease in reliability of .03% and a savings of $646,500 per IUS vehicle if acceptance testing was eliminated. The study concluded that current reliability could be maintained by additional flight testing but further research was necessary before a modification to the program could be implemented.


muscular area was also higher in slow-growing strain. These results support previous studies in breast muscle that showed a reduced blood supply by capillary vessels and a higher presence of GF in fast-growing strains. Moreover, we found different features of myopathy associated with GF. Some of them were represented by HF, splitting fibers and internal nuclei are also characteristic of human muscular dystrophies (eg. Duchenne). Accordingly, muscle hypertrophy of meat-type chickens favoured fiber dystrophy that may develop breast muscle anomalies such as white stripping and wooden breast responsible for significant economic losses.


By connecting with the "Real-Time Command System for the Rocket and Artillery Operation of Guangxi Weather Modification",the platform is built to release the brief information of weather modification,and to create the relating database.


.......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 The entrepreneurial context: institutions and socio-technical systems ............................................................. 5 Different types of Entrepreneurship ................................................................................................................. 7 Strategic entrepreneurship ................................................................................................................ 7 Grassroot innovations ......................................................................................................................... 7 Institutional Entrepreneurship ......................................................................................................... 7 Summarising ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Entrepreneurial capabilities ...................................................................................................................... 11 basic and dynamic entrepreneurial capabilities ............................................................................ 11 Dynamic Servitisation capabilities ................................................................................................. 12 Dynamic capabilities for institutional entrepreneurship ............................................................15 Dynamic Transition capabilities.............................................................................................................. 17 Synthesis ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 23 References.................................................................................................................................................... 25


In this article the author analyses the actuality of using integration Principe in professional education. As an example the author integrates foreign language, professional subject and computer technologies.


Two species of genus Viola Linn., Viola hupeiana W. Beck. and Viola pulla W. Beck. missed by Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae are reduced to the synonymy of Viola verecunda A. Gray and Viola lucens W. Beck., respectively.


Psychological crisis is a severe issue the society faces after disasters.Through interview with 139 college students who come from the quake-hit regions,this paper analyzes reasons of their problems and proposes the campus intervention models of psychological crisis as well as a series of methods and approaches suitable for solving college students' psychological problems on the basis of borrowing campus intervention theory for college students both home and abroad combined with our domestic practice.


A multi-parameters μTAS biosenor used for the blood analysis in medicine is researched.Based on μTAS technology,the interdigital array(IDA)microelectrodes are designed and fabricated.Then the four groups of microelectrodes are respectively glucose the different enzyme.When a little blood is dropped in the work area,four parameters concentration including Blood sugar,Cholesterol,Acetone body and Lactic acid are measured through detecting reactive currents in IDA microelectrodes.The measure instrument achieves 40 μA of full scale and 1 nA of sensitivity.The experimental results tested by Beijing Academy of the Medical Instruments are satisfactory.


A subtle fallacy in the original proof [1] that the computation time T is lowerbounded by a factor inversely proportional to the minimum bisection width of a VLSI chip is pointed out. A corrected version of the proof using the idea of conditionally self-delimiting messages is given.


Mexico's opinion in Managua–Washington Case of 1909. The guiding axis of the present article is the analysis of the position of the Mexican foreign policy and the representations and the news of the newspaper of cut pro-government official, El Imparcial one, against the Managua-Washington disagreement of end of 1909. In this way we try to demonstrate that: the Mexican chancellery used moralistic resources as a last resort to take part in favor of Jose Santos Zelaya in front of the United States and use the political asylum as a last resort. Therefore, the operators of the porfirista diplomacy warily assumed cautious policies when conducting itself in the objective triple of: out of danger to put its bows with the Department of State, to denounce the interventionism of this one and to support to Zelaya. The article will be based on primary sources, the heaps of the Archivo Historico Genaro Estrada de la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de Mexico and on El Imparcial, the official daily.


The utility model provides a brake device of a downward belt conveyor, which comprises a hydraulic execution system which is connected with a conveyor and can exert brake torque to the conveyor, and a control unit which is electrically connected with the hydraulic execution system and a speed monitoring device, and further consists of a signal receiving device which can receive artificial and/or automatic brake signals, and controls the hydraulic execution system to exert brake torque for the conveyor according to the brake signals. The brake device has simple structure, is suitable for conveyors which incline downwards in different angles, not only guarantees the normal operation and stop brake of the conveyor, but also can still keep the conveyor within normal range when the conveyor overspeeds or operates under negative work.


Microfinance, today, has become a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation, and enables the poor to accumulate assets, boosts their incomes, and reduces their economic vulnerability, but still, it is a much confused buzzword in the banking sector. Microfinance is still an evolving sector in countries like India as compared to many developed countries, where it is highly commercialized through created partnerships, leveraged public and private sector assets and shared know-how mechanisms. There are various opinions about the micro credit demand and supply in India. In the growing market, to meet the huge demand, comprehensive financial inclusive systems and approaches are required. The present paper examines the dominant delivery models of Microfinance - such as SHG Bank Linkage Model and Microfinance Institution Model in India.


Public procurement is widely used for encouraging the innovative activity in developed countries, meanwhile in Russia innovative procurement is not used systematically which updates the urgency of the research. The systematization of innovative activity stimulation mechanisms in the domestic system of public procurements is performed in the article. The analysis of these mechanisms' practice of using allowed revealing a large number of the barriers which do not allow using the possibilities of the state order in forming the demand for innovative products. Such barriers are the drastic antimonopoly and anti-corruption norms interfering to use the flexible specifications and qualitative criteria for applications evaluation, the limited usage of "life-cycle cost" criterion, and also the absence of need's long-term planning in the domestic public procurement system for innovative production. The result of the research is a conclusion about the need of transition from fragmentary measures of innovations support to strategy development of encouraging the demand for innovations, and not only in system of public procurements, but also in the sphere of the companies purchases with the state participation and infrastructure monopolies.


On behalf of the editorial team, I am pleased to bring you the second CJAS issue of 2020, volume 7, number 2. I am equally delighted to introduce our four new editors who will begin "active service" starting with the next issue. We are so very fortunate to have them and I welcome them warmly as follows: Professor Sylvia Bawa, York University; Dr George Bob-Millar, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Professor Grace Musila, University of the Witwatersrand, and Professor Akin Odebunmi, University of Ibadan. Please read more about them here.


This paper shows the application of carrier-selective passivating contacts (CSPCs) in c-Si front-back contacted (FBC) and interdigitated back-contacted (IBC) solar cells with different thermal budgets. From lifetime analysis of our poly-Si and a-Si:H CSPCs, three FBC and one IBC architectures are devised to progressively increase efficiency (ç) and achieve record short-circuit current density (JSC): (i) a poly-poly cell ($\eta $ = 19.6%); (ii) a selective emitter structure known as PeRFeCT (Passivated Emitter Rear and Front ConTacts, $\eta $ = 20.0%); (iii) a so-called hybrid solar cell with poly-Si and a-Si:H CSPCs at rear and front, respectively ($\eta $ = 21.0%); and (iv) an IBC solar cell with poly-Si CSPC ($\eta $ = 23.0%, JSC = 42.2 mA/cm2).


This paper extends the behavioral results reported in Fischer et al. 2000 by developing a model addressing preference uncertainty in multiattribute evaluation. The model is motivated by two hypotheses regarding properties of multiattribute profiles that lead to greater preference uncertainty. Our attribute conflict hypothesis predicts that greater within-alternative conflict discrepancy among the attributes of an alternative leads to more preference uncertainty. Our attribute extremity hypothesis predicts that greater attribute extremity very high or low attribute values leads to less preference uncertainty. To provide a deeper explanation of attribute conflict and extremity effects, we develop RandMAU, a family of additive RandAUF and multiplicative RandMUF random weights multiattribute utility models. In RandMAU models, preference uncertainty is represented as random variation in both the weighting parameters governing trade-offs among attributes and the curvature parameters governing single-attribute evaluations. Simulation results show that RandMUF successfully predicts both the attribute conflict and attribute extremity effects exhibited by the experimental participants in Fischer et al. 2000. It also predicts an outcome value effect on error whose form depends on the shape of single-attribute functions and on the type of multiattribute combination rule.


Successfully managing diversity is becoming more and more important in today's working environment. In this context, the development of intercultural competencies is of significant importance. The presented study gives an overview of the relationship between dimensions of multicultural effectiveness and two factors that are relevant in diversity settings: xenophobia, and international experience. It is shown that, while sole personality dimensions only have limited impact on a positive attitude towards persons with a migration background, a multicultural personality, as a whole, is very important in this context. Furthermore, a person with international experience shows higher values in open-mindedness, but is often also characterized by a lower degree of emotional stability.


This paper analyzes the shortcomings of applying expected monetary value(EVM) as a tool for assessing risks and response options.It presents a more relevant set of measures based on the subjective view of stakeholders(the "utility function") and uses these to explain apparently illogical behaviors .The analysis includes the theory of "regret" and extends this concept to include positive ("rejoice") outcomes as well as after-the-event reviews, for which a "resentment" value is described. The challenge of managing project risk in line with stakeholder expectations requires balancing these three variables.


Seeds of two soybean cultivars differentially susceptible to race 6 of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg), were treated with the fungicide pyroxyfur at rates of 0, 0.34, 0.68, and 1.36g a.i./kg and then planted in soil containing Pmg inoculum incorporated on vermiculite at densities of 0, 0.06, 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0% (w/w). Under the controlled environment conditions used, seedling stands at 7 days after sowing were significantly reduced with increasing inoculum densities for both cultivars. At this time nearly twice the inoculum density was required to kill 50% of the Altona seedlings (ED50) than seedlings of OX20-8. The lower rates of pyroxyfur treatment decreased disease incidence similarly with both cultivars but only the highest rate provided complete protection at all inoculum densities. By 21 days low percentage survival occurred with OX20-8 at all fungicide rates and inoculum densities. The initial benefits of fungicide treatment nevertheless were still apparent. Percent survival of Altona...


The invention stabilizes the nail after stabilizing the soil to enhance the ground cut surface by the ring method sum the four days reinforcement to a reinforcement surface on which the integral behavior ground and the wall to the finish of reinforced concrete wall Wall retaining wall and, ground to four days reinforcement depending it is possible to become the basis for the design of the required lower it relates to a method to build a retaining wall made of the sum Wall construction is simple. The invention as the sum Wall retaining wall which is integrally constructed reinforced concrete wall in the ground cut surface surface reinforced by a nailing process, as one end fixing the additional ground by a nailing process four days that the other end is the ground cut surface projecting surface; Jiappan installed through the other end of the four days to be ground while holding the cut side surface of the nail periphery fixing nail; To the vertical steel reinforcing and a horizontal steel reinforcing crossing reinforcement, reinforcement net is placed so that it rests on the projecting other end of four days; Provides a nail reinforcement sum Wall retaining wall characterized in that comprises a; and, curing is poured so that the other end portion, reinforcement net and jiappan of the protruding four days buried concrete. Retaining walls, hapbyeok, nailing, nail


We look directly into multidimensional phase spaces. This is useful if little is known about suitable observables and underlying laws. The dynamical system we examine is the human body, in particular the secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). tme series of PrH concentrations are transformed to multidimensional data sets. From their representations in phase space we derive a suitable observable: the average lifetime of a PrH fluctuation. It provides a dear-aut discrimination between health and two metabolic bone diseases, viz. osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism. The derivation is done step by step: First we consider multidimensional displays and observe that it is certain correlation function which plays an important role. Then a single number is taken from that correlation function, and a threshold value is suggested. Since Boltzmann's time the phase space has been a valuable concept to discuss dynamical systems. The state of any system can be described by a single point in that space, and its evolution by a single uajectory. The advantages of this conceptual simplici%/ have been qualified by practical difficulties with the visualization of geometrical objects in high-dimensional spaces. So for a long time just pictures on planes were drawn, and hence only such dynamical properties as singular points and limiting cycles were generally understood. It was not surprbing that the discovery of the strange attractors coincided with the widespread use of perspective pictures, so-called 3D graphics. Using modern computer technology we can look into more than three-dimensional spaces. Here we wfll only present an elementary technique, namely the projection of a high-dimensional space onto three-dimensional subspaces. Already thb allows insights which were never achieved before. The classical approach of statistical physics to phase space is the computation of averages. lftrhnces, covariance matrices, correlation functions, entropies and all the fractal dimensions [ii represent averages. In fact, any observable can be construed as some mean value. This approach, however, is less fruitful if almost nothing is known about the nature of the underlying system. The number of observables is infinite. Which one gives the relevant information? 274 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE II N°3 In such situations direct views into the phase space can be helpful. One obtains at least inklings and can derive from these more specific questions or, in other words, suitable observables. Hence, our approach b preparation rather than replacement of classical methods. For definiteness we present an example from endocrinology, viz. the secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its relation to osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism. Why is PTH important? In adult mammalian life the structure and function of bone undergoes a permanent plastic ad4ption, called "remodelling". This concerns hematopoiesb (production of blood) as well as the biomecllanical architecture of bone. PTH is the dominant hormone involved in the remodelling. It works by receptor-operated regulation of gene expression in bone cells with subsequent adaption of the structural bone network Osteopororis is a disease where the three-dimensional architecture of bone is destroyed and its total mass decreases. In osteoporotic subjects the dynamic pattern of PTH secretion b grossly altered. This leads to increased bone resorption. The bone plates (ostea) become perforated, pomtic, hence the name of the disease. At a certain degree the perforations become irreversible causing biomechanical instability and bone fracture. Hyperparathyroidism is a disease where the parathyroid glands deliver more PTH than is needed. The bone, in contrast to osteoporosis, exhibits a higher connectivity of plates aid an increased bone mass. We prefer this example because it is not a schematic model (think of all the spin systems) where the most important observables and fundamental laws are known in advance. With PTH concentrations, there is at present no simple~criterion to discriminate between health and diseases. Our objective is to find such a criterion and to discuss its relation to systemic (affecting the entire~bodily system) processes. Within the static concepts of endocrinology, mean values of PTH concentrations were taken to indicate diseases. Yet this b not suf%ciently reliable. Since bone exhibits prima facie a chaosalike structure, we expect a relationship to the dynamic hormonal modulation of this structure which should proceed in a deterministic information-processing system. lb say it crudely: The remodelling of bone requires non-stationary dynamics of PTH secretion. Therefore expressions as "not enough PTH" or_ "too much PTH", which refer to the average PTH production, serve only for first orientation. Healthy PTH secretion is in fact a dynamical process, with large and irregular fluctuations [2]. Healthy secretion has even features of a chaotic evolution as one can show by Grassberger-Procaccia analysis and by Lyapunov exponents [3]. In patients with osteoporosis we could associate the loss of bone mass with a bifurcation from the "normal" dynamic pattern towards "low" dynamics which resembles very much a steady state meaning that cellular receptors are biologically at rest. Generally fluctuations are small in osteoporosis. Therefore the next attempt to establish a suitable criterion would be by vanances. Unfortunately also this attempt fails, first, because sometimes osteoporotic fluctuations can be as large as healthy ones, and second, because there w this other bone disease, hyperparathyroidism. In patients with hyperparathyroidism we observe large fluctuations which are in most cases larger than in healthy subjects. We have portrayed this as "high" dynamics [4]. 'Consideration of variances favors another misjudgement, namely with respect to the origin of the diseases. Based on varwnces one is inclined to think that a too-much is as harmful as a too-small. Yet we will see that hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis are malfunctions due to qualitatively different causes. N°3 MiJLIIIDIMENSIONAL PHASE SPACES AND HORMONAL SYSTEMS 275 In the measurements blood was drawn from patients every two minutes. One measurement typically lasted 6 hours. From the samples, PTH concentrations are determined by suitable assays. Details can be found in [2]. l~et us denote the time of drawing by (tn 0 n = 1, 2, ) and by c(tn) the corresponding concentrations of PTH. Following lhkens [5] we rearrange rite series (c(tn) 0 n = 1, 2, ) to generate points in a nine-dimensional space: iC(ti)> C(t2)> C(t3), C(t4), C(t5), C(t6), C(t7), C(t8), C(t9) iC(t2), C(t3), C(t4)> C(t5), C(t6), C(t7), C(t8)> C(t9), C(tic)i iC(t3), C(t4), C(t5), C(t6), C(t7), C(t8), c(t9), c(tic), c(tit)i


A new method was presented for millimeter wave stealth which can automatic acclimatize itself to its environment via getting information from surroundings and its surface. Furthermore, the interface circuit of surface temperature measurement and its software flow chart are given out.


The paper is stating chief physician Wang Zili′s understanding to the damp, his experience of syndrome differentiation and the treatment to external damp, internal damp, cold-damp and damp-heat, the natures of cold and heat of the damp, and the meaning of ″one source and three branches″ for damp-heat.


Authority, as a kind of institutionalized legal power, is the power and prestige which can make people convinced. The nature of authority is the reflection of some social relations. Authority produces influence power; therefore it is quite necessary for a teacher to build proper authority while developing educational activities. The authority of a teacher consists of three elements: knowledge, teaching ability and personality power, among which, intellectual authority is the basis, capable authority the mainstay and personality authority the backing. The concept of lifelong learning should be established, the construction of the teachers' professional virtues should be reinforced and the self-concept of the teachers should be continuously enhanced in the field of education, thus cultivating and improving the individual authority of teachers.


The multiple heavy metal resistant ciliates, Oxytricha fallax and Paramecium caudatum, isolated from industrial wastewater have been shown to be potential bioremediator of contaminated wastewater. The O. fallax showed tolerance against Zn 2+ (17 µg/ml), Hg 2+ and Ni 2+ (18 µg/ml), and Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ (16 µg/ml). P. caudatum was found to tolerate Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ at a concentration of 18, 15, 17, 15 and 14 µg/ml, respectively. The metal ions slowed down the growth of the ciliates as compared to the culture grown without metal stress. The reduction in cell population of O. fallax was 70% for Cd 2+ , 59% for Hg 2+ , 28% for Zn 2+ , 71% for Cu 2+ and 70% for Ni 2+ after 8 days of metal stress. The decrease in cell population of P. caudatum was 56% for Cd 2+ , 44% for Hg 2+ , 34% for Zn 2+ , 80% for Cu 2+ and 70% for Ni 2+ after 8 days of metal stress. O. fallax decreased 91% of Zn 2+ , and 90% of Hg 2+ from the medium after 96 hours of incubation in a culture medium containing10 µg/ml of the respective metal ions. Besides this, the ciliate could also remove 94% of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ and 88% Ni 2+ from the medium containing 5µg/ml of each metal after 96 hours, respectively. P. caudatum removed 95% of Zn 2+ and 78% of Hg 2+ from the medium containing10 µg/ml of the respective metal ions after 96 hours of incubation. The protozoan could also remove 94% of Cu 2+ , 82% of Cd 2+ and 76% Ni 2+ from the medium containing 5µg/ml of each metal after 96 hours, respectively. The ability of ciliates to take up multiple heavy metals from the medium could be exploited for metal detoxification and environmental clean-up operations.


An apparatus and a method for interleaving in a communication system are provided to reduce complexity of hardware by regulating a read address generation period. A method for interleaving in a communication system includes the steps of: deciding an 'm' and a 'j' based on a size of encoding packet(401); initializing an 'I' index and a 'k' index as '0'(403); generating a read address, 'Ai' using the 'k' index(405); determining whether the 'I' index is equal to N-1 or not(407); completing algorithm, if the 'I' index is equal to the N-1; determining the 'k' index is satisfied with a specific rule, if the 'I' index is not equal to the N-1(409); increasing 1 in the 'k' and 'I' indexes and going to the 405 step for generating the next read address, if the 'k' index is valid(413); and increasing 2 in the 'k' index for skipping next 'k' index and increasing 1 in 'I' index and going to the 405 step for generating next read address, if the next 'k' index is to be expired(411).


Invited.- Conceptual Structures in Modern Information Retrieval.- Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science.- Data and Knowledge Structures.- A Linearly Complex Model for Knowledge Representation.- Relation Graphs: A Structure for Representing Relations in Contextual Logic of Relations.- Information Transfer across Simple Concept Graphs.- Relational Scaling and Databases.- Information Retrieval.- Knowledge Representation in CGLF, CGIF, KIF, Frame-CG and Formalized-English.- Conceptual Graph Matching for Semantic Search.- Text Schema Mining Using Graphs and Formal Concept Analysis.- Text Mining at Detail Level Using Conceptual Graphs.- Natural Language.- Processing Negation in NL Interfaces to Knowledge Bases.- Automatic Generation and Evaluation of Sentence Graphs out of Word Graphs.- CG Representations of Non-literal Expressions.- Ontology and Semantics.- A Peircean Ontology of Semantics.- Building Concept Lattices by Learning Concepts from RDF Graphs Annotating Web Documents.- The CG Formalism as an Ontolingua for Web-Oriented Representation Languages.- A Viewpoint Model for Cooperative Building of an Ontology.- Towards a Pragmatic Web.- A First Step toward the Knowledge Web: Interoperability Issues among Conceptual Graph Based Software Agents Part I.- Interfaces and Applications.- CGWorld - Architecture and Features.- Extending SNePSwD with Permissive Belief Revision.- On Teaching Conceptual Graphs.- Logical and Mathematical Foundations.- The Use of Associative Concepts in the Incremental Building of a Logical Context.- Modal Logic for Evaluating Formulas in Incomplete Contexts.- An Embedding of Existential Graphs into Concept Graphs with Negations.- Interpretation of Automata in Temporal Concept Analysis.- Associative and Formal Concepts.- Semiconcept Graphs with Variables.- Existential Concept Graphs of Power Context Families.


Abstract In this paper we derive oscillation criteria for the second order half-linear neutral differential equation [r(t)Φ(z′(t))]′+c(t)Φ(x(σ(t)))=0,z(t)=x(t)+b(t)x(τ(t)), $$ \displaystyle \Bigl[r(t)\Phi(z'(t))\Bigr]'+c(t)\Phi(x(\sigma(t)))=0, \quad z(t)=x(t)+b(t)x(\tau(t)), $$ where Φ(t) = |t|p−2t, p ≥ 2, is a power type nonlinearity. We improve recent results published in the literature by obtaining better oscillation constants and removing the usual condition σ(τ(t)) = τ(σ(t)). Two methods (comparison method and Riccati equation method) are used.


BACKGROUND
Energy intake is a key determinant of weight.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to examine trends in energy intake in adults in the United States from 1971-1975 to 2009-2010.

DESIGN
The study was a trend analysis of 9 national surveys in the United States that included data from 63,761 adults aged 20-74 y.

RESULTS
Adjusted mean energy intake increased from 1955 kcal/d during 1971-1975 to 2269 kcal/d during 2003-2004 and then declined to 2195 kcal/d during 2009-2010 (P-linear trend < 0.001, P-nonlinear trend < 0.001). During the period from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010, no significant linear trend in energy intake was observed (P = 0.058), but a significant nonlinear trend was noted (P = 0.042), indicating a downward trend in energy intake. Significant decreases in energy intake from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 were noted for participants aged 20-39 y, men, women, and participants with a BMI (in kg/m(2)) of 18.5 to <25 and ≥30.

CONCLUSION
After decades of increases, mean energy intake has decreased significantly since 2003-2004.


To understand the NOx reduction mechanism of Shenhua coal during reburning process,the dynamic releasing and reduction characteristics of NOx by combustion and reburning at different oxygen volume fraction were investigated.The experiments were conducted on an electrically heated fix bed reactor equipped with online flue gas analyzer.Results show that the formation of NOx has bimodal distribution of volatile NOx and char NOx during combustion.The amounts of NOx keep near-linearly increasing with the increasing oxygen volume fraction at 0%~18%.The NOx amount formed at oxygen volume fraction of 15% is nearly 11 times than that of 0%.The NOx profile during reburning process has two valleys including volatile's homogeneous reduction process and char's heterogeneous reduction process.The homogeneous reduction process of volatile has greater effect than the heterogeneous process of char on the NOx reduction,and the homogeneous process is sensitive to the atmosphere change.When oxygen volume fraction is larger than 7%,the coal reburning process is ineffective for NOx reduction.


This study seeks to explore Malaysian consumers" in adopting a single platform Epayment system with an extended perceived risk to TAM model. This research investigates the efficiency and design that influence perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, the researcher is interested to investigate the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived risk with consumers" intention to use one single platform that integrates card, internet and mobile. Using online survey method, respondents were selected based on the criteria of owning at least one of the following items (e.g: mobile phone, card payment, Internet). The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses suggest that perceived risk can lead to reduction in consumers" intention to use single platform E-payment system. Therefore, perceived risk should be taken into consideration when designing Epayment system in order to increase the consumers" intention to use.


Experiments were performed to investigate whether the copious drinking of rats infused with angiotensin II results from a reduction in plasma volume. Angiotensin II (Hypertensin, CIBA) dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was infused through a jugular cannula into conscious, unrestrained rats at a rate of 0.72 ± 0.015 μg kg−1 min−1 for a 30 min period. The amount of angiotensin II required to induce the first drinking response was 6.43 ± 0.667 μg/kg body weight and the latency to drink following the initiation of the infusion was 9.1 ± 0.97 min. The average intake of water during the first drinking bout was 6.3 ± 0.43 ml/kg. The total intake of water during the 30 min infusion period was 13.0 ± 1.37 ml/kg. Plasma volume and hematocrit were determined before and during the angiotensin II infusion. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular cannula before the infusion began and again either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, or 30 min after the infusion began. The same determinations were also made either when angiotensin II initi...