As part of California's strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, private forest
 landowners are now required to address carbon sequestration as a management goal when
 submitting timber harvest plans. Using public data on forests and forest products,
 we developed a calculator that tracks the carbon sequestration benefits related to
 live trees, wood used for bioenergy and wood going into products. The calculator is
 adapted for different forest types, forest management techniques and time frames.
 Based on current best practices used in California, we estimate that harvested and
 regenerated forests will provide approximately 30% more total carbon sequestration
 benefits than forests left to grow for an equal time. More than half of the total
 benefits relate to harvested wood substituting for fossil fuels and fossil fuel–intensive
 materials such as cement and steel. With relatively efficient management practices,
 harvesting a ton of wood provides more sequestration benefits than leaving that ton
 growing in the forest.


The concept of a robotic complex (RTC) for the automation of the laying of aerated concrete blocks is proposed. In the design of the RTC, mechanized and robotic subsystems are distinguished.
Keywords: construction robotic complex, laying, block, automation, production cycle.
firstname.lastname@example.com


This study was conducted as part of a larger study in a public sector organization, with an all India presence. This study explored if personal values predict perceived organizational values. 220 participants from a large public sector organization were asked to rate on a 7 point scale, the 24 items value taxonomy developed by McDonald&Gandz (1991, 1992) once as to how important these are to them as a guiding principle in their life, and once as how much they perceive their organization to promote these values. Results found that clusters of personal values are significantly correlated with clusters of perceived organizational values. Furthermore, specific clusters of personal values predict clusters of perceived organizational values. Since the value, congruence is related to positive work-related attitudes and behaviors, profiling a prospective employee's personal values at the time of recruitment may help in establishing likely personal-organization fit.


Estimation of the Doppler frequency plays an important role by providing information on how to use the channel resources effectively. This thesis work analyses the various alternatives for Doppler estimation in the up link of an LTE beamforming system on a MATLAB simulation environment. Various methods are compared in terms of complexity, performance under noise, estimation range, and accuracy. Specifically, the pilot based and cyclic prefix methods are investigated and comparisons are made in three propagation channel models namely the extended pedestrian A model, the extended vehicular A model, and extended Typical Urban model. It is shown that except for the estimation range, the pilot method shows superior performance over the cyclic prefix method. Furthermore, the result of the estimation is used in optimizing the performances of the LTE system and high performance gain is observed in the extended pedestrian channel.


As the threat of terrorist attack becomes accepted as part ofthe way of life in certain countries, DEPUTY FIREMASTER GEOFF WILLIAMS of Central Scotland Fire Brigade, argues that security and fire services must learn to work together in co-operation, despite seemingly conflicting needs at such incidents.


OF THE DISSERTATION ............................................................................... ii PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ iv DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS ................................................................. xiv


【 Abstract 】 Objective To implement nursing guidance for elderly patients with knee degenerative lesions, to focus on the targeted measures of orthopedic nursing, and to alleviate pain and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Methods For 80 patients with degenerative knee lesions, from January 2021 to September 2022, the patients were divided into two groups according to the randomization method, the control group was routine care, the observation group was targeted orthopedic care, and the nursing results were compared. Results According to the data, the rate of excellent care in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). The relief time of knee symptoms in the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and the comparative difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Meanwhile, in the case of QOL index, the patient data in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, with significant differences (P <0.05). Finally, in the satisfaction evaluation, the observation group had higher scores than the control group, with significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion For the patients with degenerative knee joint lesions, it can help to relieve the disease and improve the quality of life, so it is worth promoting.


A field study entitled "Crop growth regulation and defoliation in summer greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.] for synchronized maturity" was conducted at Students" Research farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during summer season of 2015. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design comprising of ten treatments with four replications. The treatments included MC (mepiquat chloride) @ 200 ppm (35 and 45 DAS), MC @ 250 ppm (35 DAS), ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS), thidiazuron @ 200 g ha -1 (55-60 DAS), MC @ 200 ppm (35 and 45 DAS) followed by ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS), MC @ 200 ppm (35 and 45 DAS) followed by thidiazuron @ 200 g ha -1 (55-60 DAS), MC @ 250 ppm (35 DAS) followed by ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS), MC @ 250 ppm (35 DAS) followed by thidiazuron @ 200 g ha -1 (55-60 DAS), gramaxone @ 2.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS) and control. Yield attributes such as pods per plant, pod setting percentage and 100 seed weight, improved significantly with ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS) and MC @ 200 ppm (35 and 45 DAS) followed by ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS). Highest seed yield (15.57 q ha -1 ) was recorded in ethrel @ 1.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS) but B:C was highest in thidiazuron @ 200 g ha -1 (55-60 DAS). Days taken to maturity and stover yield were reduced significantly with gramaxone @ 2.0 l ha -1 (55-60 DAS).


In this paper, we propose a network synchronization scheme to efficiently reduce timing jitter of mobile WiMAX (WiBro) system, particularly indoor network environment. The proposed scheme is basically based on the adaptive delta algorithm to consider both convergence rate and performance of jitter reduction. This jitter reduction scheme composed of the clipping followed by the adaptive delta algorithm which is proposed in [1]. In the first step of the proposed scheme, some of peak delays which are to cause a harmful influence to clock synchronization of mobile WiMAX network are clipped. In the second step, the proposed scheme utilizes the adaptive delta algorithm to effectively reduce timing jitter and convergence rate. Simulation results show that the proposed timing jitter reduction scheme with clipping can provide more jitter reduction and better convergence rate. The proposed scheme in this paper can be applied to the clock synchronization of mobile WiMAX network.


Background: The prevalence of diabetes has been widely studied and knowledge, attitudes, and self-management have been shown to relate to each other in particular to the diabetic populations. However, little research has demonstrated the network of associations between knowledge, attitudes, and self-management in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the links between knowledge and attitudes, and its impact on self-management in people with T2DM. Methods: Fifty-five adults of both genders with T2DM, aged 30-70, from the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne completed the Diabetes Knowledge Scales (DKN), to assess knowledge about diabetes; the Diabetes Integration Scale-39 (ATT39), to assess attitudes toward having diabetes; and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), to evaluate self-management of diabetes of people with T2DM. This study reports on path model by using AMOS 17.0. We determine the path diagrams based on empirical findings to provide a visual portrayal of relations that are assumed to hold among the variables (i.e., knowledge, attitude, and self-management) under study. Results: The results of this study revealed that attitude was associated with diabetes knowledge (p<.05) and diabetes knowledge was associated with self-management (p<.05). Conclusion: We should continue to improve the attitudes of people with T2DM toward their illness. Higher level of attitudes could encourage an individual to seek more knowledge about diabetes and thus increase their knowledge in diabetes. Greater understanding of these relationships is important for developing appropriate strategies for care that can be tested through future intervention research.


Abstract This article studies the contracting problem between an investor and a professional portfolio manager who possesses market power. The optimal linear contract is obtained in a closed form. When the manager has market power the contract affects the effort level of the manager, which provides a solution to the "non-incentive" result in Stoughton (1993) [30]. The sharing ratio of the portfolio return increases with effort cost, suggesting that a manager with a higher effort cost should be awarded a larger fraction of the investment profit. The sharing ratio also increases with the risk aversion of the portfolio manager. The optimal contract can separate different types of managers since only those with low effort costs would accept a contract when the sharing ratio is given. These findings compliment and extend the results in Stoughton (1993) [30] in which the manager does not have market power.


We study the problem of angle estimation for a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with unknown mutual coupling and proposed a joint algorithm for angles and mutual coupling estimation with the characteristics of uniform linear arrays and subspaces exploitation. We primarily obtain an initial estimate of DOA and DOD, then employ the local one-dimensional searching to estimate exactly DOA and DOD, and finally evaluate the parameters of mutual coupling coefficients via the estimated angles. Exploiting twice of the one-dimensional local searching, our method has much lower computational cost than the algorithm in (Liu and Liao (2012)), and automatically obtains the paired two-dimensional angle estimation. Slightly better performance for angle estimation has been achieved via our scheme in contrast to (Liu and Liao (2012)), while the two methods indicate very close performance of mutual coupling estimation. The simulation results verify the algorithmic effectiveness of our scheme.


The paper is devoted to actuality of improvements of instrumentality to provide complex estimating for diagnostics and solution of problem, related to a development. It is considered advantages and disadvantages of the traditional methods and suggested the author's methods for estimating interregional (municipal) differentiation that eliminate the weaknesses of the traditional methodologies.


Objective To compare the efficacy of establishing percutaneous access under the guidance of ultrasound and X-ray for minimal invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mPCN).Methods 58 and 74 cases of renal calculi underwent initial mPCN under the guidance of X-ray and ultrasound respectively.Results In the X-ray group and the ultrasound group,the operation time was(30.2±14.6) and(10.6±6.2)min,Hb was reduced to(18±9)g/L and(11±5) g/L after the operation,the rate of residual stone was 36.2%(21/58) and 44.6%(33/74),and 8 and 3 cases respectively developed complications.Conclusion Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages.Ultrasound can easily and effectively establish the percutaneous tract and it will be widely used in mPCN.


Late in September and in the early days of October, a respiratory affection corresponding somewhat closely to the descriptions given of "Spanish influenza" appeared in Omaha. October 3 and 4, a large number of people congregated in the theaters, stores and streets, incident to the civic parades and other functions of the Aksarben festival, which yearly brings huge crowds to Omaha. October 5 and 6, the disease attained the proportions of an epidemic. We also have information that a considerable number of cases appeared among the troops in Fort Omaha on the second day following the Aksarben. The morbidity curve showing the influence of "crowds" on the outbreak of the epidemic is significant (Chart 1). THE NATURE OF THE EPIDEMIC Clinically, the disease was characterized by a more or less sudden onset, usually without definite prodromes. Headache, generally severe, was almost constant and commonly associated with backache, bone-ache and general


A chalky aquifer located near Liege (Belgium), is recharged by infiltration through the overlying loess. Wells and collecting tunnels produce a daily flow of 60OO0m a out of this aquifer when hydrogeological balances have shown that an average yield of 100 0OO m a/day should be possible. Finite element modelling has been developed to foresee the evolution of the water table to get some additional information especially about the main drainage axis. The transient flow constitutive laws are recalled in confined and unconfined aquifers. A new law is proposed to model the water table surface in transient conditions and with a fixed meshing network. Using the local flow equilibrium and the virtual power principle, the FEM formulation is set up. The time integration and the iteration technique are shortly discussed. The 3D discretization and the modelling of the entire aquifer has been realized. The problem requires about 3600 DOF and 2670 8-nodes isoparametric brick finite elements. The modelling has been quite delicate because of the geometric complexity of the different geological layers. This complexity justifies fully the use of the finite element method; there is indeed a great diversity of geological characteristics and the range of the different permeabilities is very wide. Sensitivity of the model to permeabilities and storage coefficient variations has been studied and various numerical problems have been notified. The calibration procedure is described in its main steps, and the most significant results are presented.


Internal gravity waves measured under the Arctic pack ice were strikingly different from measurements at lower latitudes. The total wave energy, integrated over the internal wave frequency band, was lower by a factor of 0.03–0.07, and the spectral slope at high frequency was nearly −1 in contrast to the − 2 observed at lower latitudes. This result has implications for theoretical investigations of the generation, evolution, and destruction of internal waves and is also important for other processes, such as the propagation of sound, and the wave-induced turbulent diffusion of heat, plankton, and chemical tracers.


Purpose
The process of understanding a tourist begins with an extensive evaluation of tourist's perceptions about a destination. Though destination image has been widely discussed in tourism literature since the 1970s, little attention has been given to organic image despite its relative significance. First, this study aims to clear the existing ambiguity in the cognitive component of destination image by organizing and structuring the extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory study then seeks to identify the salient organic image attributes in tourists' consideration for travel options through the application of repertory test. Respondents' statements on 25 competing destinations in Madhya Pradesh, India were transcribed verbatim for analysis. A measure of frequencies and commonality among 12 construct themes was then carried out.

Findings
Along with history, heritage and culture, this study found tourists to have considered organic image attributes associated with destination stereotypes as important discriminators between competing leisure tourist destinations. Moreover, the elicitation of context-specific attributes along with a note in the pattern of tourist responses highlighted the merits of repertory test when presented with different category triads.

Originality/value
This study differs from other organic image studies as it evaluates the prominence of organic image in the context of leisure tourism. Being one of the few studies to have extensively discussed the organic image component, this study contributes to the progression of organic image literature.


The criticism against political systems in general and politicians in particular have dramatically increased worldwide over the last two decades. This loss of trust by citizens has led to apathy which is reflected in a dramatic decrease in voting percentages in some countries.


Over the past hundred years, the population in the town of Baden has tripled, while the built-up area has increased almost tenfold. Thanks to the protection afforded by the statutory regulations, the forest surface area has remained practically unchanged, and its boundaries have not been displaced. Occupying a proportion of 56% of the town territory in Baden, the forest has a close interchange with civilisation and with the modifications in the landscape brought about by human activity. In the light of this situation, the author poses the question whether it would not be sensible to sometimes displace forest boundaries, or to re-allocate an area of forest land, in order to increase the settlement density in a meaningful fashion. Besides this, he appeals for landscape and forest planning to be placed in a wider context by increasingly coordinating them beyond the limits of a given commune, or indeed of a region.


Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated in vitro that metformin specifically inhibits Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This seems contraindicative since muscle mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, its significance for in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of metformin on in vivo and ex vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in a rat model of diabetes. Healthy (fa/+) and diabetic (fa/fa) Zucker diabetic fatty rats were treated by oral gavage with metformin dissolved in water (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg bodyweight/day) or water as a control for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, muscle oxidative capacity was assessed in vivo using P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ex vivo by measuring oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry. Two weeks of treatment with metformin impaired in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in a dose-dependent manner, both in healthy and diabetic rats. Whereas a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day had no significant effect, in vivo oxidative capacity was 21% and 48% lower after metformin treatment at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively, independent of genotype. High-resolution respirometry measurements demonstrated a similar dose-dependent effect of metformin on ex vivo mitochondrial function. In conclusion, metformin compromises in vivo and ex vivo muscle oxidative capacity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. Citation: Wessels B, Ciapaite J, van den Broek NMA, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ (2014) Metformin Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle of Both Lean and Diabetic Rats in a Dose-Dependent Manner. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100525 Editor: Darcy Johannsen, Pennington Biomed Research Center, United States of America Received February 26, 2014; Accepted May 28, 2014; Published June 20, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Wessels et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: B.W. and J.J.P. are supported by a VIDI grant (project number 700.58.421) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.C. is supported by the NWO-funded Groningen Systems Biology Center for Energy Metabolism and Aging. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: email@example.com


Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a series of substitutions and deletions in the carboxyl-terminal 11 residues of gp91 phox , the 91-kDa subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase flavocytochrome b 558. This region encompasses 559RGVHFIF565, implicated as a contact point for the cytosolic oxidase subunit p47 phox during oxidase activation, and a carboxyl-terminal phenylalanine (Phe570), which corresponds in position to a highly conserved aromatic residue that interacts with the flavin group in the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase flavoenzyme family, of which gp91 phox is a member. Mutant proteins were expressed in human myeloid leukemia cells which lack expression of endogenous gp91 phox due to targeted disruption of the X-linked gp91 phox gene. Although specific residues within559RGVHFIF565 had previously been identified by alanine scanning as essential for peptide inhibition of oxidase activity in a cell-free assay, comparable substitutions in the gp91 phox polypeptide had either no or only a modest effect on oxidase activity in whole cells. Replacement of nonpolar with polar or charged residues had greater effects on oxidase activity, but were also associated with decreased gp91 phox expression, suggesting that overall protein structure was perturbed. No stable gp91 phox protein was detected upon deletion of the terminal 11 amino acids. Alanine substitution or deletion of the carboxyl-terminal Phe570 in gp91 phox resulted in a 2-fold reduction in superoxide production. This contrasts with a ≈300–800-fold reduction reported for comparable mutations in pea ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, which suggests that structural or functional differences exist between the carboxyl terminus of gp91 phox and other ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases.


Abstract In the previous experiments using strontium-90 and cesium-134, the authors found some differences between lowland and upland rice with respect to their uptake from soil, particularly the unusual high absorption of cesium by lowland rice.


Abstract— Owing to the complexity of biological membranes, many model systems have been studied in order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of specific functions. One such model membrane extensively investigated in the past decade is the so‐called bilayer lipid membrane (BLM). With suitable modifications, a BLM less than 100 A thick separating two aqueous solutions has been used as a model for a variety of biological membranes. This paper is devoted to a review of the properties and electronic processes of modified BLM.


Potassium is common in a wide variety of wastewaters and in some wastewaters is present at several hundred to several thousand mg L–1. Potassium is taken up by expandable clays leading to its fixation and illitisation of smectitic and vermiculitic layers. Hence the addition of wastewaters to soils may lead to mineralogical changes in the soils that affect their physico-chemical properties. Winery wastewater was equilibrated with clay-rich soils from Southern Australia. X-ray diffraction patterns and chemical composition of clays extracted from untreated and treated soils were determined. In three of the four soils, shifts in peak positions occurred towards more illitic components along with increases in K and sometimes also Mg and Na contents of soil clays. Peak decomposition showed trends towards the formation of interstratifications of illite with smectite at the expense of smectite and an alteration of poorly crystallised illite into its more well-ordered forms. The results show that illitisation may occur as a result of the addition of K-rich wastewaters to clayey soils.


Housing was identified as one of the greatest challenges faced by the Nelson Mandela 1994 South African government. The government has provided low-cost housing since then and has been efficient in numbers but has proven ineffective in addressing housing provision as a housing and social problem. This paper will present data on how knowledge management can address the housing problem. This paper critically compares the information included in contract documentation and outline specifications of nine hypothetical low-cost housing typologies. The typologies were developed for the varying climatic regions in South Africa. Housing information is often inaccessible to those affected by the housing problem. This paper's premise is that knowledge management will contribute to addressing the housing problem. The research findings indicate that there is a noteworthy overlap in the information of the nine typologies. This paper argues that knowledge management of this overlapping information would impact the social problem by providing knowledge power to those affected by the housing problem. The findings are new and significant as such research has not previously been published.


We show (i) that the Rayleigh-Ritz method is a practical procedure for obtaining approximations to the velocity potential for compressible flows, and (ii) how to calculate an estimate of the error in such approximations.


Two greenhouse experiments were carried out at the Institute of Biological Production Systems, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Germany during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons to study the influence of the osmotic adjustment (OA) capacity, relative water content (RWC) and specific leaf area (SLA) on tolerance to drought in 22 breeding lines, two parents and tolerant cultivar (Sahel 1) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) under drought conditions. Differences were seen in of the OA, RWC and of the different genotypes. Mean over all of OA, RWC and for breeding lines were -0.51 Mpa, 83.28% and 116.56 cm²g-1, respectively. Four of the breeding lines showed the greatest osmotic adjustment capacities, high RWC and good values under drought stress conditions better than the tolerant cultivar. The heritability of OA, RWC and was 0.56, 0.49 and 0.88, respectively. The results indicated that osmotic adjustment, as well as RWC and could be used as screening tools for drought resistant bread wheat genotypes in the greenhouse. This study also demonstrated the appropriate greenhouse screening methodology in this regard.


One of the most memory-intensive and power consuming operations in videoconferencing is motion estimation. We review several motion-estimation strategies that employ block matching criteria with low computational complexity. We also introduce a matching criterion that explicitly incorporates the computation load of the host processor. This modified cost function can lead to very low computation complexity for the motion-estimation process. Performance comparisons using the various matching criteria within a H.263 video coder are presented.


Drawing on marriage and family therapy (MFT), this paper introduces the concept of we-ness to new product development (NPD). We-ness is the shared sense of togetherness family members feel toward each other. We apply we-ness to NPD as the construct through which people share knowledge at the team, between-team, and between-organization levels. The results support the hypotheses that we-ness increases knowledge sharing and that knowledge sharing increases product performance. In this study, we used regressions to analyze the hypotheses. We found that the greater in-team we-ness (H1, t = 3.786, p = .000), between-team we-ness (H2, t = 5.411, p = .000), and between-organization we-ness (H3, t = 2.940, p = .004) activities there were, the more knowledge sharing in NPD. Results also indicate that knowledge sharing is related to better NPD performance.

This paper contrasts team and family as the foundation metaphor to organize people engaged in product development. We argue the team metaphor can be counterproductive in settings where difficult decisions must be made. Teams can lead to individual members suppressing their opinions to �help� the team achieve its goal. Members are expected to sacrifice for the good of the team. That can be adaptive when the task is straightforward.

The family metaphor suggests that the group sacrifices for the individual. In a family environment, members protect minority opinions, and in cases where complex, ambiguous decisions must be made individual expertise and insight may come from one person. High-trust family-like settings can facilitate sharing sensitive information and norms that can be challenged. The family metaphor suggests a more flexible and tolerant approach to new ideas. At the same time, it is recognized that families can have dysfunctions that can detract from performance. Therefore, managers must carefully apply the use of family-like settings.

The importance for family-like approaches across organizations seems to be more important as technology complexity increases. Between-team we-ness was revealed significantly higher in goods manufacturers than service firms in this study. Small companies need to make extra effort to increase between-team we-ness.

The idea of approaching product development from a family relations perspective opens up new alternatives for managing people in teams, between teams, and even between organizations. MFT tools to address behaviors and individual performance issues increase the number and nature of managerial tools to increase product performance.


When tasked with accurately modeling a water body in a cold climate environment, the complexity of the system being simulated and the numerous parameters affecting the observable outcome pose an arduous task for any modeling effort. The task is increasingly complicated when the body of water is serving as a cooling pond for a power plant and can become partially frozen. The introduction of a heat effluent into the water creates a highly dynamic system whose physical state is not only reactionary to the surrounding environmental conditions, but the industrial facility's operating parameters as well. Both calibrated thermal and visible imagery offer a powerful and unique source of validation data for these hydrodynamic modeling codes when trying to simulate these industrial processes in cold climates. This work presents an approach which uses an evolutionary optimization algorithm to drive the inputs of a hydrodynamic modeling code simulating a power plant cooling pond through imagery validation. The result of this process is an optimized set of functional parameters to the hydrodynamic model that best simulates the observed conditions. While applied to a hydrodynamic code for this work, the process created introduces a unique infrastructure for solving multi-dimensional, multi-system problem sets in a modular and evolutionary framework.


The purpose of the article is to study attempts to use the history of the formation of the Dnеpropetrovsk and Zaporozh-ye Cossacks in order to legitimize the Ukrainian nationalist project. The author substantiates the bias of different approaches of historians to the state model of Ukrainian nationalism in the period of the 19th-20th centuries. The author also reveals the prerequisites for the origin of the Cossacks, as a specific paramilitary class group, and gives characteristics of the geo-political situation of the Late Middle Ages. Specific examples of the distortion of the real military and political significance of the Cossack communities show their relationship with the Russian state, the Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. The limited nature of the political goals of the Cossack fore-man is argued, which, according to objective conditions, could not play a consolidating role in the formation of the Ukraini-an/Little Russian people. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the ideologues of the Cossacks resort to the use of the ethnic factor only during their stay in the Russian centralized state in order to promote their narrow corporate interests.


Thirty young domesticated rabbits (age 2-2.5 mo) of sexes showed clinical signs of anorexia, debilitation, diarrhea, icterus, rough hair coat and pendulous abdomen with hepatomegaly. Fecal samples were collected for demonstrated the presence of oocyts. Postmortem examination revealed presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 2 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma containing a thick creamy white fluid. The histopathological changes showed biliary hyperplasia with different developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae in the epithelial cells, cholangitis and peribiliary fibrosis with newly formed bile ductules, severe congestion and dilation of central veins and sinusoids with disruption hemorrhagic areas. The hepatocytes showed degenerative changes to necrosis with areas of fibrosis and mononuclear cell aggregation, obstructive jaundice and a tendency to form oocyst granuloma. In conclusion hepatic coccidiosis lead to severe pathological changes both in bile ducts and liver parenchyma especially in young animals.


To describe the experiences of Tanzanian nurses, how they perceive their role as a professional nurse and their experience with nursing care in a general hospital.


Using a structural vector autoregression with time-varying parameters, I analyze to what extent the dynamic eects of unanticipated changes in tax policy have changed structurally over the post World War II period in the United States. The estimated time variation points to a permanent decline in the tax multiplier as well as a faster response of the economy. Despite the permanent decline, the estimated tax multiplier is still at the higher end of the range of existing empirical estimates, which is consistent with Mertens and Ravn (2013b), whose identication strategy I follow. Furthermore, the estimated time variation also suggests that scal policy has become more countercyclical over time. In particular, spending policy used to be procyclical and has become countercyclical after the beginning of the 1990s, whereas tax policy already used to be countercyclical and has become even more countercyclical over time.


Vivallen is a Late Iron Age / Early Middle Age south Sami site in Harjedalen, Sweden. We investigated the relative importance of various foodstuffs at this site, performing δ13C and δ15N analysis o ...


Two public spaces located at the border from different natures: a square commemorates the anniversary of a city's foundation, it is found in an interstice and remains empty, set to be ruined; one of the first parks, within walking distance from the border, is representing what is full, permits cohabitation of a diversity from an immigrant land, is taken care inadequately by the city's administration. This production of public space promotes the idea developments is stocked in a conception process that, paradoxically, also demonstrates a constant growth.


Summary

The microwave thawing of frozen food was simulated by using an equation to describe heat conduction. This was based on the fact that the thermal and dielectric properties of food vary with temperature. The microwave power absorbed was modelled by using Maxwell's equations and Lambert's law. The power and temperature distributions calculated using both models were compared. Although Lambert's law is theoretically less applicable for simulating the transmitted microwave power, it provided an effective numerical approach for calculating temperature distribution during microwave thawing, which proved compatible with experimental results.


The article shows that fat and protein in the corn don't have the negative effects on the alcohol production. The protein hydrolyzed can be used as nitrogen during the period of fermentation to prove the growth of yeast, in addition, increase the alcohol production rate.


This article aims to determine the role of spirituality in improving teacher performance in terms of organizational
commitment, psychological, and organizing behavior of teachers, which the teacher is in direct contact with students in the process of education and learning in schools. Spirituality is considered as a means to promote integrity, motivation and job satisfaction, and is considered a significant contribution to the success of their work. Someone who is guided by the spirituality that produces good moral habits and good nature were also more likely to be honest, loyal, trustworthy and have integrity. Through theories are constructed and formulated research paradigm, spirituality has a very significant role in influencing the performance of teachers through organizational commitment, psychological and organizing behavior.

Keywords: Teacher Performance, Spirituality


This paper gives firstly a brief introduction of geological background,geological environment problems and its hazards such as land occupation-damage,topographtpy damage and collapse,landslide hazards because of previous non-standard mining in Qianzhujia Hill.Then according to mine geological environment and Lingbi urban development planning,it puts forward a plan for construction projects,road construction,reservoir engineering,slope protection works,vegetation green engineering geological environment treatment project layout,finally,explains the economic,environmental and other expected results of mine geological environment after the implementation of its disaster management,and emphasizes the importance of environmental management in the restoration of mining geology environment and promoting economic development.


The system research of ecological compensation is one of the important content about ecological compensation in China and abroad.Firstly,this paper gives an introduction of the mitigation banking system based on ecological compensation on its launch,its contents,site selection,site design,and its implement steps.Secondly,the current system of ecological compensation in China and its main problems are be analyzed.Lastly,this study puts forward some policy suggests on developing system of ecological compensation in China.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Variational wave function approach to quantum quenches in bosonic systems FEDERICO BECCA, GIUSEPPE CARLEO, STEFANO BARONI, CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali and SISSA, Trieste — Recent experiments with ultracold atomic gases have opened the possibility for studying nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of many-body systems. In particular, the high degree of tunability allows one to rapidly change system parameters and observe the subsequent quantum evolution. We present a new variational approach to deal with time-dependent problems where quantum quenches of the microscopic parameters induce a highly non-trivial dynamics. We show to what extent a generalization of the Jastrow wave function may accomplish this task, even for two-dimensional models, where standard Lanczos or density-matrix renormalization group methods are highly limited. Examples for interacting hard-core and soft-core bosons are shown. The generalization to fermionic models is also discussed. Federico Becca CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali and SISSA Date submitted: 30 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


Clinical observations and studies of the peripheral blood have made important contributions to the differentiation and classification of the various types of anemia, but a doud of mystery still obscures many of the fundamental processes which underlie the diseases of the blood-forming organs. Even when the ultimate cause of an anemia is recognized, the way in which it is produced often remains entirely unknown. The problem of the pathology of the diseases of the blood appears at first sight to be wholly one of physiology, but the trend of recent investigation indicates that in no other field are structure and function more dosely interrelated,and it soon becomes apparent that the study of the normal and pathologic physiology of the blood cannot be approached without a simultaneous study of the morphology of the bone marrow. Unfortunately the structure of active huiman bone marrow, even under normal circumstances, is extremely complex, and in many pathologic conditions the histology is so confused as to defy direct analysis. If, therefore, the diseases of the hematopoietic system are to be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of bone marrow function it would seem worth while to pay attention to the simplest pathologic changes, and the observations to be reported in this paper are the result of a study of the early stages of hyperplasia developing in the atrophic femoral bone marrow in man.


This paper takes the information retrieval behaviors of college students and researchers as the research object, and discusses the reading cognition and reading behavior habits of college readers through empirical analysis. The study found that there are large differences in reading cognition and reading needs among people of different backgrounds and levels. In the reading and retrieval behavior pattern, they are different in their grasp and use of information retrieval. The main innovation of this paper is to take the central colleges and universities as an example, and analyze the information retrieval behaviors of different levels of students in colleges and universities, and summarize the regular characteristics, which has certain demonstration significance.


The MITRE Corporation in support of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has developed a proxy agent functionality that allows DISA's major customers to have a network management status view of the DISA's IP router-based networks. The network management proxy agent, which operates at the element management level of the router network management hierarchy, has been developed using the World Wide Web (WWW) technology. To provide this functionality, MITRE has developed a network management Web server (NMWS) software that takes information from DISA's network management system (NMS), namely Hewlett Packard's Open View (HPOV) software and publishes it on the Web. This software, which is a collection of Perl scripts that run on a dedicated NMWS host, takes X windows screens from HPOV, converts them to GDF files, and publishes them on a Web server. In addition, the NMWS software provides a non-graphical form-based interface to the HPOV database to provide a near real-time status of circuits that are identified by their IP addresses or customer circuit service descriptor (CCSDs) to DISA's customers. The NMWS software was developed and operates on Solaris 2.5 with an X11R5 distribution. Network users access the NMWS host via their Web browser and are presented with (1) a list of available views, which is the same as the views on the screen of the NMWS host at the time of the last NMWS invocation, and (2) a form, which may be used to provide access circuit status using the text file of the Open View database. They can pull down a view via the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and with most browsers this view will automatically update. This paper discusses the results of our testing and experimentation, and our lessons learned and recommendations for using a Web-based approach for network management of large networks.


The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and ampicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied by a HPLC method after administering each of the antibiotics singly or as a mixture to rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The half-lives of cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime in the serum and of ampicillin in the CSF were found to be significantly shorter in the mixture group than in the respective single administration groups. No other statistically significant differences were observed between the mixture and single administration groups with respect to the maximum concentrations (Cmax) of the antibiotics in the serum and the CSF, to the relative percentage of the Cmax of each antibiotic in the CSF to the Cmax in the serum, and to the relative percentage of the AUC of each antibiotic in the CSF to that in the serum. These results differ from earlier findings that the concentration of ampicillin in the CSF of rabbits was significantly lower in animals concomitantly dosed with latamoxef (moxalactam) and ampicillin than in a group dosed only with ampicillin.


In order to master the development effect of polymer flooding well group, it is necessary to accurately analyze the influence of different factors in the whole polymer flooding process on the development index. Combined with the principle of big data analysis, based on the neighborhood rough set theory and Kmeans clustering algorithm, an intelligent analysis algorithm is proposed to determine the achievement of development indicators of polymer flooding well group. Firstly, the neighborhood rough set was used to reduce the attributes of the influencing factors of the Wells with and without the standards. Secondly, Kmeans algorithm was used to cluster the reduced influencing factors to delete the data inconsistent with the actual compliance. Finally, the clustering model is used to judge the standard status of other well groups, and the practical application effect is very good.


IN CONNECTION DEVICE FOR CLAMP TIGHTENING THE ELEMENTS 53, ACT 54 symmetrically to the bisecting AND IN THE AREA COVERED BY THE FRAMEWORK OF SECTION 19 IS TO SAY AT OR LAYERS FORMED THE OUTER WALL OF 28 UNDER PART 19 OF BRANCHES ANGLE PIECES, WALL 24 SEALING OF UNDER SECTION 19 WALL SEALING THE OTHER UNDER PART 19 OF BRANCHES PARTS ANGLE AND OUTER WALL 28 PART 19 FRAMEWORK BASED ON EACH OTHER.


Objective. To assess larvicide and adulticide activity of different native strains of fungi on Aedes aegypti. Materials and methods. Third instar larvae were exposed for 72 h at a concentration of 1x108 conidia/ml of 15 fungi; only fungi that significantly affected the larvae were evaluated against the adult phase at a concentration of 2x1010 conidia/ml. Mortality readings were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h for larvae, and every day to 30 days for adults. Results. Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Metarhizium anisopliae had the best larvicidal activity at 24 h of exposure (p<0.05), causing mortalities of 100, 72, and 62%, respectively. Adult mosquitoes were more affected by Gliocladium virens (45% mortality), M. anisopliae (30% mortality), and T. longibrachiatum (23.33% mortality). Conclusion. The larval stage of Ae. aegypti was more susceptible than the adult phase to the pathogenic action of native fungi, with T. longibrachiatum being with the highest virulence.


Light transmitting plastic fibers having a vinylidene chloride polymer core, and fibers having a core-cladding structure in which the core is the aforedescribed vinylidene chloride polymer and the cladding is a plastic polymeric material having a lower refractive index are described. Graded index fibers of a surface fluorinated vinylidene chloride polymer are also described.


In complex systems, such as data centers, component failure is ubiquitous. Studies have shown that many complex systems do not effectively mitigate the impact of correlated failures. A model for handling correlated failure based upon hierarchical dependencies between multiple points of failure is presented. The dependency model is generic in the sense that it makes no assumptions concerning the hardware or system domain to which it may be applied, therefore it can be applied to model dependencies among failure events in multiple contexts. Under this failure model, the problem of placing replicas on storage nodes is considered. This problem can be solved by a dynamic programming algorithm which computes an optimal placement of a single data replica with respect to a hierarchical failure model in polynomial time. Finally, the limitations of the model are discussed, along with planned improvements.


Objective: To assess somatoform disorder (SFMD) prevalence and impact in Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods: SFMD were assessed by direct observation of symptoms in the year coincident (±6 months) with definite diagnosis of PD, DLB, Alzheimer disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, or frontotemporal dementia, and by interviews with patients, caregivers, and general practitioners, and reviews of prior hospital admissions, in a cohort of 942 patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Matched groups of patients with PD and patients with DLB without vs with SFMD were selected for comparisons and followed up over 4 years. Results: The frequency of SFMD was higher in DLB (15 patients, 12%) and PD (29 patients, 7%) than in other neurodegenerative diseases (0%–3%). SFMD consisted of conversion motor or sensory disorders, often accompanied by delusional thought content; in one patient catatonic symptoms were observed concomitantly with PD diagnosis. Evidence of SFMD symptoms, preceding diagnosis by 6 months–10 years, was obtained in 28 patients with PD and all patients with DLB. A total of 22 patients with PD and all patients with DLB could be followed for 4 years. SFMD symptoms recurred during follow-up, with catatonic signs developing in 9 patients with PD and 8 patients with DLB. Most baseline demographic and clinical features did not differ between subjects with or without SFMD. Decline of cognitive function was greater in PD-SFMD patients than in those without SFMD (p < 0.01); it was comparable to that observed in DLB. Conclusions: The frequency of somatoform disorder (SFMD) (with catatonic signs) in Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies suggests that SFMD are part of the spectrum of Lewy body diseases.


Objective To explore a new working mode and evaluate its effect on urban community health promotion,and provide evidence for community health education.Methods Health education were developed in one street which mainly include an annual blood pressure measurement,a low-salt diet,giving up wine and tobacco,and safe injection,and the implementing effects were evaluated.Results Since the health education was implemented,the awareness rate about the fundamental health knowledge of the community residents increased by 25.97%.And behaviors for seeking health knowledge actively increased significantly(P0.01),such as chatting with the neighbors about health.The residents who exercised over 3 times each week has been raised from 35.1% to 53.5%.Conclusion The content and form of health education were important.The mode in this study was suited to local conditions of Ma'anshan.


Given the growing concern about perpetration of violence against women (VAW) amongst young adults, this article examines how a sample (n = 27) of Irish young adults (18-24 years) construct the term VAW. Participants drew on personal experiences to describe the term and were cognisant of the gendered perpetration of domestic, psychological, and sexual violence. A group of participants, however, constructed narrow understandings of VAW that did not align with their routinized experiences of unwanted touching and sexual microaggressions. We call for initiatives to enable young adults to name and link together different forms of VAW.


Abstract This study examined whether resolving ambiguous pronouns in a second language is guided by the L1 preferences of the learners. Given the fact that the typologically closely related languages, German and Dutch, have both been found to use personal pronouns (German er, Dutch hij; 'he') to refer to topical antecedents, and d-pronouns (German der, Dutch die; 'he') for non-topical co-reference (Ellert 2010; Kaiser 2011; Kaiser and Trueswell 2004), it was asked whether Dutch L2 learners of German would exhibit similar preferences when resolving the two pronominal forms in their L2. This was examined with the visual-world eye-tracking paradigm and an off-line referent assignment task. The results showed differences in resolution patterns: the Dutch learners of German showed an overall topic preference across pronouns which became more target-like at higher proficiency levels. This suggests that L2 information organization cannot be merely explained by L1 influences, but needs to take more general L2 learner effects into account.


This paper introduces the structure reformation of the beam under sieve of ZKR3652 vibrating screen by coal preparation plant.Through the reformation,failure time is reduced,maintenance and replacement work is convenient,and material cost is saved.


Objective:To discuss CT features of spinal tuberculosis and to assess the value of CT in diagnosis of this disease. Methods:All of fifty-six cases of spine tuberculosis underwent by spiral CT. Results:Some symptoms were found in those cases, including bone destruction, tumefaction of paraspinal soft tissue, psoas abscess, sequester, intervertebral discs destruction, and stenosis of spinal canal. Conclusion:The scanning images with clear and high resolution of spiral CT can find the bone destruction which can not be found by X-ray. It can reveal the extent of this disease and the destruction extent of spinal canal, and it is advantageous for preoperative assessment and postoperative analysis.


The current use of robotics, artificial intelligence, and service automation (RAISA) illustrated that innovation developed very quickly and had an enormous impact on how consumers use tourism services. This study aimed to determine how tourism and hospitality employees dealt with the pandemic, particularly when implementing the protocol called physical distance in the new normal era. This study also intended to discover our hospitality industry's readiness to confront a new normal era by applying technology to serve guests. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 stakeholders. The findings indicated that the government and hotel management exploit this occurrence to enhance service quality, explicitly emphasizing hotel consumer comfort and safety. It was posited that the issues associated with the interaction between humans and robots extend beyond budgetary considerations, readiness, and maintenance. A crucial aspect to consider was robots' potential replacement of service uniqueness, particularly in developing countries. Integrating robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) inside the hotel industry may need to reevaluate the hospitality and tourism education curriculum.


Feminist literature,which forsakes the critical method of new criticism,attaches the importance to the studies of social and historical factors.This enlightens the translator on his/her familiarity with the background about the writer and the works.The feminist literature enlightens the translator on the attention to ideology and the translation of the language style.The feminist literature under the guidance of deconstruction theory breaks through the tradition and makes the language style distinctive.The translator must be able to adapt to the style so as to make the translation correct.The androgyny enlightens the translator on the good command of the knowledge about the writer,the work and the literary figures of the work,and it also enlightens the translator on the translation with a rational spirit.The intertextuality enlightens the translator on the integration of the text with the social and historical text and the other texts related with the text so as to make the translation correct and vivid.


Manufacturing companies in both the mechanical and electrical sectors of industry are now beginning to adopt lasers for an increasing range of materials processing applications, including cutting, drilling, welding and surface treatments of both metals and non-metals. In some of these applications the process or product is completely novel, but for many others the compatibility of the laser with computer numerically controlled (CNC) and robotic techniques, its flexibility in operation, or other practical factors, are helping it to compete with older established fabrication technologies. Some illustrative applications drawn from nuclear, aerospace, and mass production industries are discussed in detail. The paper also touches briefly on the potential importance of laser technology for other industrial applications such as measurement, information technology and chemistry, as well as a few 'high profile' scientific applications.


On Zermelo's view, any mathematical theory presupposes a non-empty domain, the elements of which enjoy equal status; furthermore, mathematical axioms must be chosen from among those propositions that reflect the equal status of domain elements. As for which propositions manage to do this, Zermelo's answer is, those that are 'symmetric', meaning 'invariant under domain permutations'. We argue that symmetry constitutes Zermelo's conceptual analysis of 'general proposition'. Further, although others are commonly associated with the extension of Klein's Erlanger Programme to logic, Zermelo's name has a place in that story.


Europe has always exercised a strong political and cultural influence over the Latin American countries and, as a result, the presence of members of the Latin American elite in European countries has been a reality since the Independence era. For example, there are the students who completed their education in Europe, there are intellectuals, artists and political exiles who have sought refuge from the innumerable wars and conflicts that have shaken the Latin American subcontinent throughout its history. However, Europe has begun to be seen as a destination of migration flows from Latin America only relatively recently.


Objective(s): To evaluate the family physicians' practices and to measure its impact upon the quality of familymedicine health care in Baghdad City model primary health care centers.Methodology: A descriptive study, using the evaluation approach, has evaluated the impact of family physicians'practices upon quality of healthcare in Baghdad's Model Primary Health Care Centers of Family Medicine. It iscarried out during 15th of May – 20th of August 2017. The study is conducted at five model primary health carecenters of family medicine from two districts; AL-Rusafa and AL-Kurkh. Sample size is calculated to be (76)family physicians. Convenient sample of (124) patients who are attending these primary health care centers to seekfamily health care services. Adopted structured self-administered questionnaire is used to collect data from theFamily physicians. The list of dual-forced items obtained through the Delphi process, which include "Do" or "Don'tdo". Inpatient care is clarified with (25) statements, urgent care and minor procedures tested in (27) statements andambulatory care includes (16) statements. The quality of health care questionnaire is developed for the purpose ofthe study. The overall number of items included in the questionnaire is (18) items. Internal consistency "split-half"reliability is obtained through computation of Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient. Content validity of thequestionnaire is determined through panel of (10) experts. Data are collected through the utilization of thequestionnaire and the interview technique as means of data collection. Data of both stages is entered to computerusing Statistical Package of Social Science, Version (23.00) for windows(10) (SPSS-23) and are handled usingdescriptive statistical data analysis approach (frequencies, percentages, mean of scores, total scores and Cronbach'salpha correlation coefficient) and inferential statistical data analysis approach (simple linear regression).Results: The study reveals that the majority of the family physicians has performance experienced inadequate offamily health care practices. The quality of family medicine health care services in Baghdad's primary health carecenters of the patients' perspectives is poor (82.30%).The impact of family physicians' practices upon the quality offamily medicine health care services in Baghdad City model primary health care centers presents that familyphysicians' practices have not made noteworthy change on the quality of family medicine health care services.Recommendations: Family physicians can follow the family medicine practices' standards to provide quality offamily medicine health care services. The Ministry of Health Department of Primary Health Care can periodicallymonitor the implementation of family physicians' practices standards for the benefit of better quality of familymedicine health care services. The family medicine quality of health care services can be valued on a regular basefor the benefits of the patients who are attending the primary health care centers to seek such care


Soil liquefaction will cause sand boil and ununiform settlement,and affect the use of buildings.For the loose sand ground with the requirements for the seismic resistance,the evaluation on the liquefaction resistance is the main purpose of design.According to the CPT results before and after the soil improvement using vibro-compaction at Port Said East Container Terminal-Phase 2,the liquefaction resistance is calculated to predict the potential of liquefaction of sandy soils based on domestic standard method and international method.It is proved that the vibro-compaction can increase the cone penetration resistance evidently,and the preferable effects against liquefaction will be attained by vibro-compaction to improve the loose sandy soils.


Call centers and outsourcing have become the main components of globalization and is a result of unparalleled scientific and technological development throughout the world. Because of the vast employment opportunities provided by the Call Centers and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), they are called the sunshine industries. Today India is the hub of BPO because of the availability of cheap and qualified workforce, state of the art technology, booming IT and telecommunication sectors and its unique geographical location. But the alarming rate of employee turnover in the Call Centers and other BPO sectors has become a stumbling block for the growth of this sector. In India, the average attrition rate in the BPO sector is approximately 30-35 percent. Keeping low attrition levels is a major challenge as the demand outstrips the supply of employees by a big margin. The sample size of 209 employees working in Call Centers / BPO's, of Coimbatore, have been used to establish the degree of association. The objectives of the study are to focus on the employee related factors for increasing attrition rate in BPO's / Call Centers in India and find out the degree of association between these factors and attrition rate. Based on this study various strategies are suggested to control the increasing attrition rate in BPOs / Call Centre. The major findings of the study are that a majority of employees who have moved from one company to another company in the field of Call Center / BPO industry belong to the age group of 25-30 years. Lack of safety for female employees and more career opportunities elsewhere are the topmost reasons for the employees to quit their jobs.


Chronic kidney disease is an emergent worldwide public health problem. The increasing incidence of chronic renal failure warrants a need for an epidemiological approach to better understand the disease and its prevention. While statistics have been identified concerning world demographics, there is not enough information on how to better prevent and screen for this disease. There is evidence on the global distribution suggesting that chronic renal failure is a growing issue in developed and developing countries. While screening and intervention can prevent chronic kidney disease, awareness of the disorder, however, remains low in many communities and among many healthcare workers hence, this paper explores the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of chronic kidney disease.


The contents of Yuk Mee Jee Dae Ron(六微旨大論) are as follows. 1. The Yuk Mee Jee Dae Ron(六微旨大論) is one of the Wun Gi Chil Pean(運氣七篇) which are inserted in So Moon(素問) by Wang Bing(王氷) who compile the So Moon(素問) into 24 volume. Wun Gi Chil Pean(運氣七篇) are Chun Won Ki Dae Ron(天元紀大論), O Woon Heng Dae Ron(五運行大論), Yuk Mee Jee Dae Ron(六微旨大論), Gi kuoo Beun Dae Ron(氣交變大論), O Sang Jeong Dae Ron(五常政大論), Yuk Won Jeong KI Dae Ron(六元正紀大論), Gee Gean Yoo Dae Ron(至眞要大論). 2. It prescribe the Sa Chun(司天) Jae Chun(在泉) Jwa Gan Gi(左間氣) Woo Gan Gi(右間氣). 3. It prescribe the Pheo Gi(標氣) Bon Gi(本氣) Juoog Gi(中氣). 4. It prescribe the Youk BO(六步) and the Sheung Gi(承氣). 5. It prescribe the Hamg Hae Sheung Jae(亢害承制) which is feedback control system between each Yuk Gi(六氣). 6. It prescribe the Sae whae(歲會), the Chun Boo(天符) and the Tae Il Chun Boo(太一天符). 7. It prescribe the active time of Yuk gi(六氣) within a year and Sae gi Whae Dong(歲氣會同). 8. It prescribe the Gi Gieo(氣交) which human beings and all the creation are living on. 9. It prescribe the Bo(步) which are composed of Chun Gi(天氣) and Jee Gi(地氣). 10. It prescribe the Duk(德) Wha(化) Yooung(用) bean(變) which are created by quarrel of Yuk Gi(六氣). 11. It prescribe the outbreak of the Sa Gi(邪氣). 12. It prescribe the Sin Gi(神機) and Gi Rib(氣立). 13. It prescribe all the creations existence are up to the Seoung Gang Chul Ip(升降出入). Like the past, the Yuk Mee Jee Dae Ron(六微旨大論) is include very important concep of the medicine. So the study should be continued with minute attention.


There is a need for efficient, oil-free and long lifetime compressors for low frequency GM and pulse tube cryocoolers. Pressure Wave Systems GmbH is proposing a hydraulic solution to directly generate and feed the pressure wave to the cold head. A second technology demonstrator has been built and tested. A pV-efficiency of near 70% has been demonstrated driving a small dual stage 4K GM cryocooler with an operating frequency of 1Hz and an electrical input power of 1.4kW. INTRODUCTION The efficiency of low frequency GM and pulse tube cryocoolers is governed by the efficiency to generate the pressure in the compressor and the efficiency of the rotary valve as well as the design of the cold head, which we will not discuss in this paper. As scroll capsules have reached their limit at around 50% pV-efficiency, the losses in the 1 HP LP Gas expansion into displacer space HP LP Gas expansion into low pressure line Compression phase


The modal system in English is unique among verbs (lack of an -s ending, occurrence without to before an infinitive, tense forms without corresponding time reference), with individual modals-partly because of gaps and overlaps, partly because of idiosyncratic signification-unique in their structural-semantic distributions. They therefore constitute a considerable learning burden for second-language learners of English. The learning problem can perhaps be reduced by a careful delineation of semantic functions for individual modals and an understanding of the reduced semantic coverage possible for perfect constructions compared to simple forms. The use of individual modal perfects can be taught effectively by presentation-form by form and meaning by meaning-in highly precise contexts or mini-situations. When individual functions are adequately familiar, the modal perfects can be grouped together in more complex contexts that illustrate their use in contrast.


Key presentations of severe malnutrition or undernutrition caused by macronutrient deficiencies are marasmus, a disease causing stunting; wasting; underweight or kwashiorkor; or a combination of these. Micronutrient insufficiencies on the otherhand, cause a variety of disorders, and correction of these deficiencies on an individual basis is cost-prohibitive. Therefore, food fortification is an accepted, practical, and affordable solution to overcome this problem. The cost of adding vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods is very low; estimated to range between 0.5% and 2.0% of the cost of a typical staple food. For formulations that include vitamin A and D, iron, zinc, and folic acid, the cost is approximately US $8 to $10 per metric ton. If an individual consumes 100 g/day (37 kg/ year) of the final product, the cost of fortification is approximately US $0.40 per person/year; a cost that is affordable to industry and consumers. For more complex formulations, such as the World Food Program's (WFP) Corn Soy Blend, the cost increases to US $1.0 per person per year. The WFP estimates a minimum normal "food basket" cost of approximately US $0.25 per person/day or US $92 per year. Thus, the cost of adding micronutrients is approximately 0.6% of the food in the basic food basket or, at the higher end, about 1% of added cost. Nevertheless, the outcomes of alleviating micronutrient deficiencies, decreasing the disease burden, improve productivity, and the cost-effectiveness is exceptional. Targeted food fortification programs that focused on the poor, communities and developing countries, would be the most cost-effective and beneficial in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. In addition to enhancing the production of healthy food and assuring its wide availability, and the affordability, the food industry should constantly develop healthful, nutritious foods using innovative technologies and market these products to consumers at affordable prices. Cost-effective and practical micronutrient food-fortification programs should designed to add micronutrients to common staple foods, such as flour or parboiled rice as well as milk and other common used food, depending on the cultural and food habits of individuals in a given country. Food fortification programs must be an integral part of disease prevention and the global health.


Papaya has gained commercial importance over the years because of its varied uses, mainly for table purpose. One of the reasons for low production in papaya is inadequate nourishment. As the export of papaya from India is rapidly increasing, there is a pressing need to enhance its productivity and improve the fruit quality. The present experiment was undertaken to study the response of major plant nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth, yield and quality of papaya and also to find out the optimum dose of NPK for commercial cultivation of papaya under Kerala conditions. The trial was conducted in confounded factorial randomized block design. Different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (200, 250 and 300) gram per plant per year were tried in six equal splits. Results revealed that application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 250: 250: 500g per plant per year in six equal splits, at two months interval was economically viable and improved the growth, yield and quality of papaya.


Introduction to Latin America tourism and the economy the supply of tourism beach tourism and integrated resorts nature-based tourism cultural tourism urban tourism image and reality impacts of tourism future issues.


Lewis acid catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of N-tosylaziridinedicarboxylates and oxiranes with in situ generated mercaptoaldehyde for the synthesis of functionalized thiazine and oxathiane derivatives has been developed. Additionally, this method facilitates the derivatization of thiazines by detosylation and Krapcho monodecarboxylation.


The digital map is used for the car navigation and as a form of service for map retrieval through the internet. Recently, it has been increasingly used for mobile devices such as smart phones and as a form of service for the superimpose display of aerial images. Furthermore, it is an important element for city planning, and disaster prevention planning. However, the generation of digital maps depends on manual operation and it takes much time and money to generate and update them. Thus, there are many research studies of generating digital maps automatically using a computer. In this paper, we introduce a method of automatic road map generation that the authors have been researching until now. Then, we describe current technical issues of road map generation and future works.


CEO messages convey corporate culture and philosophy. In particular, communication with stakeholders through CEO messages of corporate web sites is an important strategic tool given that MNCs in foreign market should communicate with local stakeholders from different cultural and linguistic background. The purpose of this paper is to describe and interpret the CEO message of North American, Japanese and European multinational corporations (MNCs) in China. This study focuses on languages, word count, number of sentences, words per sentences and theme of the CEO's message on website. The results from this study enhance our understanding how CEOs of MNCs communicate with their stakeholders in China and what content they mainly include in their messages on their web sites.


In the era of mobile internet, microblog has become the main source of information for people, and its information quality is crucial. From the perspective of information content quality, this paper constructs a quality index system of microblog information content, uses correlation analysis and empirical analysis to verify the impact of relevant indicators on the dissemination of public opinion, and concludes that the quality of microblog information content has a positive impact on the transmission of microblog. Finally, the key quality factors affecting the dissemination of public opinion are obtained, which can provide reference for the management of network public opinion.


INTRODUCTION
The article aims at examining the various forms of mental healthcare services' organization based on housing, in a context influenced by the innovative experiments of the deinstitutionalization struggles of the 1970's. A Housing Service, having operated for decades to facilitate social integration, is currently focusing on promoting patients' autonomy in their own apartment. An orientation to recovery has been adopted in the assistance of more autonomous patients who have not suffered any long-term hospitalization: they are considered as contractual users of the service.

METHOD
An ethnographic approach applied to a case study, combined with the tools of the sociology of engagement regimes, aims at analyzing how an instance of non-compliance affects the capacity-oriented organization of the service, through the apartment.

RESULTS
In the case that we have observed, the user's refusal triggers an assessment procedure and a series of tests implied by the capacity-support approach of the service which eventually leads to the re-orientation of the assistance from the apartment to a medical facility.

CONCLUSION
The medical objective has been prioritized over social integration. We explore alternative ways to maintain the apartment as a therapeutic and social integration tool.


An iterative algorithm is described for the construction of the input voltage of a dipole antenna for a specified electric field response at a given far-zone point. A functional is optimized subject to the state equation, which is an ordinary differential equation. The state equation used is Pocklington's equation where the control is the input voltage waveform and the state is the current distribution on the antenna. The Lagrange multiplier function, which is introduced by augmenting the functional, satisfies the adjoint Pocklington's equation. In the descent algorithm these two equations are solved at each step. All calculations are carried out in the time domain, so there is no need for additional specification related to frequency domain. However, the procedure implicitly determines the frequency bandwidth of the signals used. >


The partially cavitating two-dimensional hydrofoil problem is treated using nonlinear theory by employing a low-order potential-based boundary-element method. The cavity shape is determined in the framework of two independent boundary-value problems; in the first, the cavity length is specified and the cavitation number is unknown, and in the second the cavitation number is known and the cavity length is to be determined. In each case, the position of the cavity surface is determined in an iterative manner until both a prescribed pressure condition and a zero normal velocity condition are satisfied on the cavity. An initial approximation to the nonlinear cavity shape, which is determined by satisfying the boundary conditions on the hydrofoil surface rather than on the exact cavity surface, is found to differ only slightly from the converged nonlinear result. The boundary element method is then extended to treat the partially cavitating three-dimensional hydrofoil problem. The three-dimensional kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are applied on the hydrofoil surface underneath the cavity. The cavity planform at a given cavitation number is determined via an iterative process until the thickness at the end of the cavity at all spanwise locations becomes equal to a prescribed value (in our case, zero). Cavity shapes predicted by the present method for some three-dimensional hydrofoil geometries are shown to satisfy the dynamic boundary condition to within acceptable accuracy. The method is also shown to predict the expected effect of foil thickness on the cavity size. Finally, cavity planforms predicted from the present method are shown to be in good agreement to those measured in a cavitating three-dimensional hydrofoil experiment, performed in MIT's cavitation tunnel.


This paper considers the robust stability problem for a class of neutral systems with time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the free-weighting matrix method, a new sufficient condition is obtained, which can guarantee the robust asymptotic stability of the systems. The derived result depends on both discrete delay and neutral delay, and is expressed by LMIs. Because of using the non-conservative estimation of the derivative of Lyapunov functional, the derived result is less conservative, and can give larger allowable upper bounds of time-varying delays. As a special case, we present the robust stability criterion of the systems in absence of neutral delay. Numerical example shows the effectiveness of obtained results.


This project proposes a solution to an internal problem of an organization when managing its vehicles. A web system will be developed for the control and management of information, procedures and functions of the company's vehicles in an efficient way and thus have a better development optimizing times. The objective is to facilitate the management of information, improving the control of activities, internal functions and support, in order to speed up processes through the use of the computer system. The methodology to be used is Scrum, since it provides optimal options, such as Sprint, work boards at a certain time for the development and proper functioning of the system, as well as constant revision, avoiding errors and improving development times. The Scrum methodology provides an agile process to develop software; it was first applied by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland, who documented it in detail in the book Agile Software Development with Scrum. 1. To analyze and investigate the different development tools. 2. To select the tools that generate the greatest advantages for the project. 3. To make a work plan for the implementation of the System. 4. To perform tests and carry out adjustments for the final implementation.


Within recent years at least five species of strigeid trematodes have been made available for study by the writers. These worms were recovered from the small intestine of the alligator, Alligator mississipiensis (Daudin), from three localities, Silver Springs, Florida, Tallahassee, Florida, and Midville, Georgia. Since all five species of the flukes possess a prostate gland, they have been placed in the family of PROTERODIPLOSTOMIDAE Dubois, 1936. Three of the species are considered new to science and two of these are placed in a new genus. A description of the new genus and species follows.


Cardiovascular (CV) disease will progressively assume greater importance as the number of elderly individuals in the population of the world increases with a parallel increase in the incidence of hypertension. Elderly patients with hypertension are often difficult to manage. Pathophysiological changes associated with ageing are also associated with long-standing, uncontrolled hypertension. Diagnosis may not be straightforward and the incidence of concomitant disease will be higher than in younger patients. The preventative benefits of antihypertensive therapy in the elderly is well established and treatment of hypertension is of greatest value in older patients who, because of additional risk factors or prevalent CV disease, are at a higher risk of developing a CV event. However, established benefits are based upon the evidence from randomised, controlled trials in selected patient groups, which may not be universally applicable to many elderly hypertensives. Thus, the treatment of hypertension in the elderly should be based upon an individualised approach which inevitably cannot be strictly evidence-based. However, there is a compelling case for an approach based upon a recognition that high blood pressure (BP) in the elderly should be treated early and vigorously whilst at the same time exercising some caution to avoid the development of hypotensive BP levels.


The influences of parameters(i.e.,reaction time,total alkali concentration,initial alkali concentration ratio,reaction temperature)on the structure of potassium-sodium niobate(KNN)synthesized by a hydrothermal method was investigated.The results show that the cubic grains of the KNN are formed at the initial alkali concentration ratio of or1due to the stepped growth mechanism.Moreover,the sodium niobate nanorods can be obtained when Na-riched KNN and sodium niobate coexist.The hydrothermal temperature has an effect on the reaction process.The crystalline grains of KNN can be only obtained at180℃.The use of additives(i.e.,polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400),triethanolamine,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS),ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)at different concentrations in the synthesis can affect the microstructure of the KNN.


In 1862, Dickinson wrote "One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted—," from which the epigraph to this paper is drawn. The poem constructs the mind as a house or a room as a means of expressing an understanding of psychological space. The "architectural vocabulary" in this poem has been called exaggerate[d] by critics, but it succeeds in collapsing "distinctions between inner and outer" in its portrayal of the mind (Juhasz 17). Though it has gone mostly uncommented upon by scholars working on both British and American literature of the nineteenth century, architectural language applied to the mind is widely apparent in works of fiction and nonfiction of the time. Dickinson's use of such imagery in her poem demonstrates that she was part of a nineteenth-century transatlantic discourse that used architectural language as psychological language. What are the consequences of understanding the mind as a room? The mind possesses material space and can be inhabited or not, as well as visited often or seldom, bringing up concerns about proper use. The mind can also be arranged or decorated, evoking aesthetic concerns. There are consequences of taking the metaphor the other direction as well: can a room construct a mind? Can a room be a mind? What happens when metaphorical language of the mind begins to blur domestic and psychic space? Aesthetics seems to be the primary grounding for such a discussion, but not simply in the philosophical tradition of Kant, who is so often seen as dominating or at the very least setting the tone of nineteenth-century aesthetics in his writings on the judgment of taste and its subjective and objective components. Aesthetics, particularly of the domestic, also grew from medical and scientific concerns over the effects of home décor on mental and physical health. Doctors often wrote tracts on home decoration and non-medical Nineteenth-Century Contexts, 2013 Vol. 35, No. 1, 65–79, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2013.770618


Purpose:Radiation treatments using protonbeams are accompanied by production of small amounts of positron‐emitting isotopes along the beam paths. These short‐lived radioisotopes, mainly 11 C , 13 N and 15 O , allow imaging of three dimensional in‐vivo activity distribution using positron emission tomography(PET). However, since the correlation between the combined activity distribution and absorbed dose is not linear, one cannot readily ascertain the dose distribution from the measured activity. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model which would allow reconstruction of the absolute dose in a patient based on in‐vivo activity distribution. Method and Materials: Fluka Monte Carlo simulation code was used to generate three dimensional activity kernels for each individual proton energy in the therapeutic range. Subsequently, these kernels can be employed to calculate the unknown energy spectra used in each individual protonbeam during patient irradiation. The method is based on a solution of a system of linear inhomogeneous equations using a "random creep" algorithm. The final convolution of the energy spectra with dose kernels will yield the absolute dose.Results: The developed model has been used to reconstruct the dose distribution for a test case of a tissue phantom irradiated by two parallel‐opposed protonbeams. Comparison between the known and reconstructeddose distributions shows that the reconstructeddose to the target compares very well (within 2.%) to that initially delivered. This suggests that it should be feasible to use the PET scanning modality to reconstruct in‐vivo absolute dose distribution. Conclusions: Energy delivered by protonbeams to the patient in a single fraction generates enough activity that can be used for the inverse problem of dosereconstruction. Our calculations confirmed that by studying a test case of a tissue phantom irradiated by a parallel‐opposed beam arrangement. The reconstructeddose is within 2% of the delivered.


The fact that there is a gap between the numberof university graduates with the available jobs. In this case, the government has responded to this issue in the recent years by incorporating entrepreneurship course into the education curriculum particularly at the university level. The existence of this course is expected to motivate students to add their insights of the entrepreneurship world so as to university graduates are able to open their own jobs in order to reduce the number of unemployment that is continuously growing.This study aims to determine the level of motivation of students for entrepreneurship and its determinant factors. The sampled students are those in the stage of study completion or the final year of study at universities in North Sulawesi. Questionnaires were distributed and analyzed to determine student motivation to be an entrepreneur. The results showed that respondents were generally had a high 74ntrepreneurialinterest but were not serious about entrepreneurship as acareer choice. Perceived motivational factor as 74ntrepreneurial motivation is pull factors namely positive factors that pull entrepreneurial activity compared to push factors as negative factors that push entrepreneurship. This study did not find gender-based differences in motivational factors. It means that both men and women have the same perception on pull and push factors for entrepreneurship.


After 40 years of sporadic exploration that yielded negative or marginal results, the Llanos basin of eastern Colombia was thrust to the forefront of world attention by the discovery of the supergiant Cano Limon field in July 1983. This discovery culminated an intensive 3-year exploration effort by Occidental involving 4000 km of dynamite seismic, 20 stratigraphic tests from 1300 to 3500 ft deep, and 13 exploratory wells. Cost prior to discovery was $45 million. The Llanos is an oily basin with abundant excellent reservoir sands. The problem has been to define traps. The basin deep lies along the foot of the eastern Cordillera, from which a sediment thickness of 30,000 ft thins gradually to the east on a homoclinal flank terminating at the Guyana shield. Except for the very young folding along the Andean front, structural traps are generally sparse and subtle. An exception is the Cano Limon area, which is dominated by major early Tertiary northeast-southwest strike-slip faulting. Concurrent folding and fault sealing formed Cano Limon and other smaller fields. The Cano Limon field with its other half, the Guafita field in Venezuela, contains an estimated initial potential of 3160 million bbl of oil, of which about 1460 millionmore » bbl is expected to be recovered. The bulk of the oil is in deltaic sands of the Eocene Mirador with additional reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous and the Oligocene Carbonera Formation.« less


e15611 Background: Lenvatinib, a multiple kinase inhibitor, is an emerging for the treatment of advanced HCC. In REFLECT study, lenvatinib demonstrated higher ORR and longer PFS than sorafenib as the first line treatment for patients with Child-Pugh score A and tumor less than 50% of liver occupation. However, the efficacy for patients failed with sorafenib, with Child-Pugh score B and C, tumor more than 50% of liver occupation is not clear. Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed on 70 patients with HCC who received lenvatinib in our institute between 2017 and 2018. Lenvatinib was given orally 10 mg once daily. Treatment response, progression-free survival, overall survival and prognostic factors were explored. Results: Among 70 patients in this cohort, the mean age was 59.7 year-old and 78.6% were male, 58.6% were HBV(+) and 18.6% HCV(+). Among these patients, 65.7% had experienced sorafenib and 57.1% anti-PD-1. Patients who were not eligible for REFLECT study including having tumor more that 50% of liver occupation (40%), main portal vein invasion (34.3%) and Child-Pugh Score B and C (30.0% and 21.4%) were also enrolled. Treatment response was evaluable in 51 patients. Best responses were CR in 1 patients (2%), PR in 21 (41%), SD in 23 (45%) and PD in 6 (12%) by mRECIST criteria. Tumor with > 50% of liver occupation has higher ORR. However, no significant difference of response was observed regarding etiologies, AFP levels, tumor types, Child-Pugh Score, main portal vein thrombosis, sorafenib and anti-PD-1 experienced. The median PFS was 5.3 months and OS 8.5 months. Regression analysis showed AFP > 20 and Child-Pugh score B and C were poor prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: Lenvatinib is potent drug for both treatment naïve and sorafenib-resistance HCC. Lenvatinib is also effective for patients with Child-Pugh Score B and C, tumor > 50% of liver occupation who were ineligible to REFLECT study.


Abstract Between 1937 and 1939 in particular, the British Surrealist artist Julian Trevelyan (1910–1988) produced large numbers of photographs, collages, paintings, and texts which explore as their central theme the Surrealist aesthetic category of decline. In this article, an establishment of the overarching cultural and economic factor of decline, the situation which characterized much of England during the period in question, is therefore coupled with a setting-up of Trevelyan as an artist who negotiates this typically abject territory through the amalgamation of Surrealist and documentary techniques and methods. Indeed, these three interwar years, which span Trevelyan's involvement with the anthropological research organization Mass Observation and his shift into the realms of industrial and military camouflage, see this strangely neglected figure contributing to British arts and letters a fantasmic social psychology of that contemporary crisis. Trevelyan's images of Bolton are explored here in conjunction with his photographs of Whitehaven, and issues singled out for special attention within his portrayals of these decaying urban and industrial environments include the thematics of garbage (rubbish), the outmoded, and the obsolete, with all their social and cultural significances.


Abstract In the present paper, computational efficiency of the hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method applied to the multicanonical ensemble is studied; the HMC is an equation of motion guided Monte Carlo method. As in the standard HMC for the canonical ensemble, the multicanonical HMC calculations with high acceptance ratio show better efficiency; about 60% acceptance yields the best performance for the system examined.


This chapter describes the close relationship between the mental faculty of attention and the physical faculty of orienting, and the importance of this relationship to the construction of artificial biomimetic systems. It reviews the importance of physical orienting to natural motor behavior, which places attention management at the core of all behaviors ("orienting is acting"), and the concomitant social role of physical orienting both in expressing and revealing the focus of a mind. The article highlights the efficiency of top-down and bottom-up processing for behavioral control, using map-based saliency processing as a model, and the suitability of map-based algorithms for parallel or bespoke computation. Given this, and the similar nature of the challenges faced by artificial and natural sensorimotor systems, it is argued that attention management may be a, if not the, key component of future artificial motor control systems.


Dementia has gradually affected human beings around the world. It not only causes the decay of memory, but may also decrease other cognitive functions. At present, most doctors use the questionnaires and outpatient data to determine whether a patient has a disease. Because the judgment process involves the patient's response and the doctor's subjective decision, the resulting diagnosis can be questionable. This study intends to establish an automatic identification system which can help doctors to determine the pathological brain aging diseases based on the clinical and MRI information of the patient. LVQ networks are adopted, and accuracy and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores for the testing datasets are evaluated.


Stiletto is the true story of how this model schoolgirl became Zoe - initially a stripper, then a dancer and masseuse in an escort agency and later editor of a pornographic magazine. Her path was littered with middle-aged men, Afrikaans girls with exotic stage names, risky as well as downright dangerous sexual behaviour, and drugs. In Stiletto she reveals how she got there, what she learned from the experience, and how she survived it. Ultimately, the title is hopeful and shows that a fresh start is possible, even from the underworld of the sex industry.


Microleakage of tooth restorations is defined as the permeation of oral fluids between tooth substance and restorative materials. The dimensional changes during setting of those materials that are plastic at the moment of insertion were formerly thought to be critical in the obturation of the cavity. However, this concept has been modified by clinical technological research of the type initiated by Armstrong and Simon,1 who introduced the use of radioactive nuclides, and by the description of the percolation phenomenon by Nelson, Wolcott, and Paffenbarger.2 These studies imply that the requirements for dimensional changes of dental amalgams during setting (i.e., ADA specification no. 1: 0 to 20Qt/cm. at 370C. ± 10) are a manufacturing control rather than a representative expression of the sealing ability of the single alloy under clinical conditions. The most drastic illustration of this situation has been presented by Swartz and Phillips3 in a study of two experimental alloys which, in conventional laboratory tests, contracted 3 5/re/cm. and expanded 25p/cm., respectively. The radioactive nuclide technic showed the leakage around restorations performed in vitro to be approximately the same with the two amalgams. The literature on the adaptability and marginal seal of dental amalgams is extensive. Different research methods with dyes,2'4-7 with radioactive nuclides, 1,3,7-17 with bacteria,'8-20 and with compressed air21-23 have been used with varying results. Moreover, surface profile detection24-26 and microscopic examination of both etched surfaces27-29 and of metal-shadowed replicas30 of such surfaces have been used. The litera-